[Congressional Record Volume 146, Number 73 (Tuesday, June 13, 2000)]
[House]
[Pages H4320-H4325]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




            RECOGNIZING 225TH BIRTHDAY OF UNITED STATES ARMY

  Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the 
joint resolution (H.J. Res. 101) recognizing the 225th birthday of the 
United States Army.
  The Clerk read as follows:

                             H.J. Res. 101

       Whereas on June 14, 1775, the Second Continental Congress, 
     representing the citizens of 13 American colonies, authorized 
     the establishment of the Continental Army;
       Whereas the collective expression of the pursuit of 
     personal freedom that caused the authorization and 
     organization of the United States Army led to the adoption of 
     the Declaration of Independence and the codification of the 
     new Nation's basic principles and values in the Constitution;
       Whereas for the past 225 years, the Army's central mission 
     has been to fight and win the Nation's wars;
       Whereas whatever the mission, the Nation turns to its Army 
     for decisive victory;
       Whereas the 172 battle streamers carried on the Army flag 
     are testament to the valor, commitment, and sacrifice of the 
     brave soldiers who have served the Nation in the Army;
       Whereas Valley Forge, New Orleans, Mexico City, Gettysburg, 
     Verdun, Bataan, Normandy, Pusan, the Ia Drang Valley, 
     Grenada, Panama, and Kuwait are but a few of the places where 
     soldiers of the United States Army have won extraordinary 
     distinction and respect for the Nation and its Army;
       Whereas the motto of ``Duty, Honor, Country'' is the creed 
     by which the American soldier lives and serves;
       Whereas the United States Army today is the world's most 
     capable and respected ground force;
       Whereas future Army forces are being prepared to conduct 
     quick, decisive, highly sophisticated operations anywhere, 
     anytime; and
       Whereas no matter what the cause, location, or magnitude of 
     future conflicts, the Nation can rely on its Army to produce 
     well-trained, well-led, and highly motivated soldiers to 
     carry out the missions entrusted to them: Now, therefore, be 
     it
       Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
     United States of America in Congress assembled, That 
     Congress, recognizing the historic significance of the 225th 
     anniversary of the United States Army--
       (1) expresses the appreciation of the people of the United 
     States to the Army and the soldiers who have served in it for 
     225 years of dedicated service;
       (2) honors the valor, commitment, and sacrifice that 
     American soldiers have displayed throughout the history of 
     the Army; and
       (3) calls upon the President to issue a proclamation--
       (A) recognizing the 225th birthday of the United States 
     Army and the dedicated service of the soldiers who have 
     served in the Army; and
       (B) calling upon the people of the United States to observe 
     that anniversary with appropriate ceremonies and activities.

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to the rule, the gentleman from 
South Carolina (Mr. Spence) and the gentleman from Missouri (Mr. 
Skelton) each will control 20 minutes.
  The Chair recognizes the gentleman from South Carolina (Mr. Spence).


                             General Leave

  Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members may 
have 5 legislative days within which to revise and extend their remarks 
on H.J. Res. 101.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the 
gentleman from South Carolina?
  There was no objection.
  Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
  Mr. Speaker, it gives me great pleasure to call up this resolution 
today honoring the United States Army on the occasion of its 225th 
birthday. On June 14, 1775, the Continental Congress resolved to create 
the American Continental Army. From that day until the present, 
millions of Americans have served at home and abroad, in peace and in 
war, as soldiers in America's Army. It is fitting that we honor the 
memory of those who have served in our Army by reflecting on its proud 
traditions and history.
  The Army, first and foremost, is this Nation's arm of decision. It 
was the Army that achieved victory at Yorktown, making possible our 
independence and securing our place in history. From Trenton, Mexico 
City, Gettysburg and Santiago, to the Meuse-Argonne and Normandy, from 
the Pusan Perimeter and the Ia Drang Valley, to Panama and Iraq, the 
Army has prevailed in thousands of battles, large and small, in defense 
of this Nation and in the cause of liberty. In its 225-year history, 
tens of thousands of soldiers have sacrificed their lives on distant 
battlefields so that Americans could know victory in war and prosperity 
in peace.
  The history of our Army is inextricably tied with the history of this 
Nation. In war, our Army has been preeminent on the battlefield. In 
peace, our Army has provided this Nation with engineers and explorers, 
diplomats, and presidents. The Washington Monument and the Panama Canal 
bear concrete witness to the Army's achievements. Lewis and Clark, 
George W. Goethals, George C. Marshall, as well as Presidents 
Washington, Jackson, Taylor, Grant, Truman, and Eisenhower are but a 
few

[[Page H4321]]

whose names typify the selfless devotion to duty that is the hallmark 
of those who have served their Army and their Nation with distinction 
and valor both on and off the battlefield.
  Most importantly, the Army has given us soldiers. Since 1775, 
Americans from every part of this Nation have answered the call to arms 
and served in the Army. In each of this Nation's conflicts, soldiers 
have earned battlefield honors that have made our Army one of the most 
successful and respected military organizations in history. Their 
devotion and sacrifice have left an indelible mark on this Nation. 
Victorious in war, these citizen-soldiers then returned home to win and 
strengthen the peace. I salute them and thank them for their service.
  As we stand on the edge of the 21st century and reflect on 225 years 
of history, one thing is certain. America will call again on its Army 
and its soldiers during times of crisis. As in the past, I am confident 
that the Army and its citizen-soldiers will rise to the challenge.
  I ask my colleagues to join me today in honoring the United States 
Army and its soldiers on its 225th birthday. I urge the House to join 
the gentleman from Missouri and me in strongly supporting this 
resolution commemorating this significant event.
  Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
  Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
  I rise in strong support of H.J. Res. 101, a resolution commemorating 
the 225th anniversary of our United States Army. The principal land 
force of our country, the United States Army traces its origins to the 
Continental Army of the Revolutionary War. That Army, raised by the 
Continental Congress, had the mission of engaging British and Hessian 
regulars and won our country's independence. That Army was composed 
largely of long serving volunteers. Now some 225 years and numerous 
major wars and minor conflicts later, our U.S. Army is again composed 
of volunteers. We have come full circle. What is important and why we 
recognize the anniversary of the Army today is that the U.S. Army has 
defended our Nation and fought with distinction on countless occasions. 
We in Congress and the American people owe a debt of gratitude to all 
those who have served in our Army.
  While the Army dates from 1775, the U.S. Army as a permanent 
institution really began in June of 1784 when the Confederation 
Congress approved a resolution to establish a regiment of 700 officers 
and men to assert Federal authority in the Ohio River Valley. Congress 
adopted this tiny force after the reorganization of the government 
under the Constitution of 1789.
  Since then, the Army has served our great Nation with distinction in 
many, many memorable conflicts. From its humble beginnings, the Army 
has been the key force in achieving military success in the 
Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, the Mexican War, the War Between 
the States, the Spanish-American War, the First World War, the Second 
World War, the Korean War, and, of course, the war in Vietnam and, more 
recently, the Persian Gulf War. Hundreds of memorable battles in these 
many conflicts highlight a truly illustrious history of dedicated 
service and selfless sacrifice by literally millions of Americans.
  Beyond the Army's participation in these major wars, the Army has 
also been a successful instrument in implementing our Nation's foreign 
policy objectives and helping to restore democratic institutions of 
government in a myriad of smaller, short-of-war conflicts and 
interventions, particularly within the last 50 years. Places like 
Panama, Grenada, Haiti, Somalia, Bosnia and Kosovo come to mind.
  As we think today about the great service of our Army and what it has 
performed over the years, it is important to bear in mind two key 
considerations: First, the U.S. Army is really a microcosm of American 
society. Dating back to the days of the original militia in the 
Revolutionary War, our Army has succeeded in large measure because of 
the participation of citizen-soldiers. I believe our Army and our 
military will continue to be as successful as they have been only as 
long as the people who comprise our forces reflect the makeup of our 
country and only as long as they have the support of the American 
people. We need to continue to recruit and retain high quality 
personnel so that the total Army will continue to be the formidable 
force that it is today.
  The second characteristic of the Army that has made it such a success 
is that it has adapted to changes in warfare, tactics, and techniques 
as well as technology.

                              {time}  2230

  It has stayed ahead of our adversaries in efforts to reform, 
modernize and win wars. From the change from conscription to the all 
volunteer force; from the use of flintlock muskets to the use of 
stealth technology of today, the U.S. Army has evolved to become the 
premier ground force in the world. The effort under way now, to 
transform the Army into a lighter, more mobile and more lethal force, 
shows that our Army continues to adapt to the rigors of the modern 
battlefield and will continue to be successful in the years ahead.
  As much as we may be inclined to remember the major wars and battles 
that ultimately brought us victory over the years, it is really the men 
and women who serve so bravely and so well to whom we should pay 
tribute to today. Without their selfless dedication, their valor, their 
perseverance, America would likely not be the free and prosperous 
society it is as we enjoy it today.
  H.J. Res. 101 recognizes their service, expresses the gratitude of 
the Congress and the American people, and calls upon the President to 
issue an appropriate proclamation, something that he unquestionably 
should do.
  Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to support this measure.
  Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
  Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from 
Indiana (Mr. Buyer), the chairman of our Subcommittee on Military 
Personnel, and he is an Army veteran.
  Mr. BUYER. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.J. Res. 101 
recognizing the United States Army's 225 years of loyal and dedicated 
service to the Nation. As we enter the new millennium, we can look back 
with pride at the Army's tremendous contribution to our Nation's great 
history.
  Today, thanks largely to the service and the sacrifice of millions of 
men and women who have worn an Army uniform, we enjoy unparalleled 
prosperity and unequaled freedom.
  For more than 2 centuries, American soldiers have courageously 
answered their Nation's call to arms, as well as serving as a strong 
deterrent to potential adversaries during times of peace. Whether it 
was on Lexington Green or the cornfields at Gettysburg or in the 
trenches of France, or the beaches of Normandy, in the frozen hills 
around Chosin or the jungles of Vietnam, in the forests of Western 
Europe or in the deserts of Kuwait, where I was, Army soldiers have 
fearlessly demonstrated the requisite traits of self-sacrifice and 
courage under fire that have enabled us to prevail under sometimes 
enormously adverse conditions.
  Their contribution to their current state of well-being is clearly 
evident. As we enter the 21st century, our Nation finds itself serving 
in a unique position of global leadership while facing an increasingly 
complex array of threats. One of the keys to our Nation's success over 
the decades has been our flexibility and willingness to adapt to an 
ever-changing environment, without altering the fundamental values that 
make us uniquely American.
  Similarly, the dynamic transformation effort that the Army has 
recently embarked should create a more strategically responsive force 
without compromising the core competencies that make it the world's 
most lethal fighting force. The Army in the 21st century will be more 
responsive, survivable and lethal. It will be an Army that is respected 
by our allies and feared by our opponents and honored and esteemed by 
the American people.
  Throughout our Nation's history, our soldiers have stood in constant 
readiness to defend and preserve the ideals of these our United States. 
When deterrence has failed, committing American soldiers on the ground 
has always been the ultimate statement of our resolve to defeat an 
adversary or compel him to change his course of action.
  In 1776, Captain John Parker of Lexington Militia stood on the green 
and

[[Page H4322]]

voiced to the American spirit and said without resolve, men, stand your 
ground, if they mean to have war, let it begin here.
  Unflinching courage and a proud heritage of service to our Nation is 
the legacy of the American soldier as he has honorably carried out his 
oath to fight and win our Nation's wars.
  As a representative of the people, I want to extend my heartfelt 
appreciation to the men and women and their families who serve in the 
United States Army. The valor, commitment and sacrifice of the American 
soldier is displayed throughout our Nation's history and is captured in 
the motto that appears on the emblem of the United States Army: ``This 
we'll defend.''
  These three words embody the strength and character that makes the 
Army pervasive in peace and invincible in war.
  Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 minutes to the gentlewoman from 
California (Ms. Sanchez).
  Ms. SANCHEZ. Mr. Speaker, as a Member of the House Committee on Armed 
Services, I rise to salute the 225th anniversary of the United States 
Army.
  One year before the birth of our country, the United States Army was 
established. Originally, the Continental Army was comprised of 10 
companies from three colonies.
  Now, the United States Army comprises 10 divisions, with a strength 
of 480,000 men and women. The Army is the cornerstone of America's 
military might and thus its ideals.
  And the soldier is the cornerstone of that Army. The courage, 
dedication and valor demonstrated by numerous individuals and numerous 
conflicts are to be commended.
  For they made famous names such as the Big Red One, the 101st 
Airborne, Army Rangers and, of course, the Green Berets.
  This country and the world are truly indebted to their duty. Happy 
Birthday, Army.
  Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from 
Hawaii (Mr. Abercrombie).
  Mr. ABERCROMBIE. Mr. Speaker, I rise to honor the Army for 225 years 
of service to our Nation, and I would like to have it recorded that I 
would like to join in with my chairman of the Subcommittee on Military 
Personnel, the gentleman from Indiana (Mr. Buyer), with his words. I 
thought they were very eloquent and to the point, and I am happy indeed 
to be able to associate myself with them.
  The United States Army created the year before the Declaration of 
Independence was signed, has for over 200 years courageously fought 
this Nation's wars and ensured peace and prosperity. The sacrifices of 
our men and women in uniform have brought freedom, not just for our 
country, but also for many others throughout the world.
  Particularly, in my own State of Hawaii, the Army has a proud 
history. On December 7, 1941, the soldiers of the 25 Infantry Division 
had the distinction of being the first Army soldiers to see combat in 
World War II when they fired on Japanese aircraft strafing Schofield 
Barracks during the attack on Pearl Harbor.
  After the attack, the 25th quickly set up its defensive positions to 
protect Honolulu and Pearl Harbor against possible Japanese attack.
  I must also mention the heroism during World War II of the legendary 
442nd Regimental Combat Team and the 100th Infantry Battalion. 
Comprised of Asian-Americans, these two units performed with great 
valor and courage during the Europe campaign. Already, two of the most 
highly decorated units in the Army, the bravery of these soldiers will 
again be recognized when President Clinton on June 21 awards 19 medals 
of honor later this month for their courage during World War II.
  While the Army can justifiably be proud of its history, it is also 
fearlessly looking to the future. The Army is demonstrating remarkable 
flexibility by transforming itself in a new fighting force that will be 
able to win on the battlefield tomorrow, whether that means urban 
combat in remote parts of the world or peacekeeping in a war-ravaged 
country.
  The capability the Army provides continues to be an important and 
integral part of our ability to ensure the peace and security of our 
Nation. But the commitment of our military personnel does not come 
without peril and price. Duty often calls for prolonged periods away 
from family and home.
  Today, Mr. Speaker, we recognize the sacrifice of those whose 
dedication and devotion to duty ensure the blessings of freedom every 
day.
  Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from 
Illinois (Mr. Shimkus), who is a graduate of the United States Military 
Academy at West Point.
  (Mr. SHIMKUS asked and was given permission to revise and extend his 
remarks.)
  Mr. SHIMKUS. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of this resolution. Mr. 
Speaker, 225 years ago, our predecessors in this House agreed to form 
the United States Army.
  For 225 years, our sons and our daughters have fought and served this 
country proudly in 173 different campaigns across the world. From 
battling the British in Lexington to freeing Kuwait to Iraqi 
occupation, the United States Army has answered the call to defend the 
right to freedom all over the world.
  In those 225 years, 874,527 men and women have given their lives 
while serving our country, and 1,226,062 have been wounded.
  Today's Army is much different than what was originally envisioned by 
early Members of Congress. Today's Army not only defends our borders, 
but it ensures freedom from other countries. It lends its support to 
the disaster relief. It is an integral part of our Nation's fight 
against drugs. But the Army has not changed in one important way, it is 
still the best fighting force in the world.
  But I would like to quote General Douglas MacArthur from his 1962 
address to the United States Military Academy at West Point, which 
keeps us focused on the Army's mission, and I quote: ``And through all 
this welter of change and development, your mission remains fixed, 
determined, inviolable, it is to win our wars. Everything else in your 
professional career is but corollary to this dedication. All other 
purposes, all other public projects, all other public needs, great or 
small, will find others for their accomplishment: but you are the ones 
who are trained to fight: yours is the profession of arms, the will to 
win, the sure knowledge that in war, there is no substitute for 
victory; that if you lose, the Nation will be destroyed; that very 
obsession of your public service must be duty, honor, country.''
  For 225 years, the United States Army has been called upon to win our 
Nation's wars. God bless those who have served the United States Army 
and the United States of America.
  Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from 
Tennessee (Mr. Clement), who I might say, Mr. Speaker, has served our 
country in his State of Tennessee so well and ably through the years in 
the National Guard.
  Mr. CLEMENT. Mr. Speaker, I first want to say to the chairman of the 
Committee on Armed Services, the gentleman from South Carolina (Mr. 
Spence), and the gentleman from Missouri (Mr. Skelton), these two 
gentlemen are real heroes in the U.S. House of Representatives and real 
heroes in the Committee on Armed Services. Both of them have 
distinguished themselves in so many different ways; and I know 
firsthand how they fought for those in uniform, our fighting men and 
women. They have made a real difference in America.
  It is a great pleasure to stand before the House to celebrate the 
225th birthday of the United States Army, all the way back to the 
Continental Congress, the Continental Army, the beginnings of what we 
call the United States of America, the greatest Nation on the history 
of this earth, a country that has made a difference and saved the lives 
of so many people overseas, as well as in the United States.
  When I think of the United States Army, knowing that I was a part of 
them for 2 years and I was discharged a first lieutenant, and then I 
immediately joined the Tennessee Army National Guard, as the gentleman 
from Missouri (Mr. Skelton) mentioned a while ago, and I knew I was not 
going to make a career out of the military; but I wanted to be a part 
of the military.
  I think it is regrettable that so many of our young people do not 
have that

[[Page H4323]]

experience now. We have an all volunteer force; and, therefore, they 
will not serve in the military. But serving in the military, it is 
almost like having a piece of the rock. It gives you a feeling that it 
is hard to describe and understand, but one does not have to love this 
country to serve in the military. One does not have to believe in 
America to serve in the military.

                              {time}  2245

  But I congratulate all those that have served, and have served in the 
U.S. Army, because in my Congressional District I have two predecessors 
by the name of Andrew Jackson and Sam Houston, and they were truly 
American heroes. Those two gentlemen, both U.S. Congressmen from the 
Nashville, Tennessee, area, have served us proudly.
  But when I think of the U.S. Army, I think of sacrifice; when I think 
of the U.S. Army, I think of commitment, I think of discipline, I think 
of teamwork, I think of individuals that know how to wave that flag. I 
also know when you have served in the U.S. Army or our Armed Forces, 
you stand up at various sporting events and other places and say God 
bless America.
  Happy birthday, U.S. Army.
  Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 4 minutes to the gentleman from 
California (Mr. Hunter) the chairman of our Subcommittee on Procurement 
and also an Army veteran.
  Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I thank my great chairman, the gentleman 
from South Carolina (Mr. Spence), for yielding to me, and I want to 
thank him also for his great service to our Nation, and the gentleman 
from Missouri (Mr. Skelton), our ranking member, and all of our 
colleagues who have commented.
  I want to pay homage to a couple of Army guys who I know who were in 
the 173rd Airborne, the unit I served with, without distinction, in 
Vietnam. The gentleman from California (Mr. Thompson) was a member of 
the 173rd Airborne in Vietnam during a very difficult time, and the 
gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Norwood) was also a Member of the 173rd 
Airborne and was a great member of that brigade, which is being stood 
up and has in fact just been stood up again and brought to life again 
in Italy just within the last couple of weeks. I wish I could have been 
with that unit when that momentous event occurred.
  But let me just say to my colleagues, we have just left the bloodiest 
century in the history of the world and in American history. It was one 
in which 619,000 Americans, or more than that number, were killed in 
combat. We had an incredible century in which we experienced some very 
profound moments, ones in which we stood side-by-side with Winston 
Churchill and helped to defeat Hitler, and one in which President 
Ronald Reagan stood down the Soviet empire and helped to provide for a 
more benign climate for this country to enter this century.
  A lot of that was carried on the back of the United States Army. The 
United States Army, unlike other armies in the world, has to take and 
hold ground in very difficult places. This was commentary when the U.S. 
Army hit the shores and engaged in the battles in France and the enemy 
was amazed when they saw that German troops would rise out of trenches 
and begin to fall at 800 meters, because Americans with rifles knew how 
to shoot. We held very difficult ground and took very difficult ground 
in World War II.
  My secretary, Helen Tracy, in San Diego, was General George Patton's 
secretary during World War II, and she will recount the difficulties 
that the Third Army went through in that very momentous war.
  We fought difficult battles in the cold war, from Vietnam to Korea. 
Those were all battles in the Cold War in which we ultimately 
prevailed. The Army was a major player in that massive conflict and 
sacrificed greatly.
  My cousin, Jan Kelly, is with us tonight, who just happened to come 
into Washington, D.C., and I thought it was particularly appropriate 
that her husband, Ron Kelly, who was a captain, a professional Army 
officer in Vietnam and Korea, and could be in Washington, D.C., on this 
anniversary.
  I want to also say a word about Pop Carter, who was my platoon 
sergeant in Charlie Rangers in Vietnam, who came home and ran his farm 
in Georgia, and whose son, Bobby Carter, went wrong and somehow joined 
the Marine Corps, but is today a great young warrant officer in that 
service, and Pop was a symbol of dedication to his country.
  Lastly, I just want to mention the last of Ronald Reagan's speech in 
1981, when I was sworn in, and I stood by a gentleman named Omar 
Bradley, then in a wheelchair, while Ronald Reagan pointed out to the 
Washington Monument. And he said, ``There is the monument dedicated to 
the Father of Our Country, and beyond that is the Lincoln Memorial, 
dedicated to the man who saved the Union. But beyond those monuments 
are thousands of monuments marked with crosses and Stars of David that 
are dedicated to Americans who gave every full bit a measure of 
devotion to their country as the Founding Fathers, and that, of course, 
is Arlington Cemetery.''
  Ronald Reagan said, ``Under one of those crosses lies a man named 
Martin Trepto, who left his little barber shop in 1917, joined the U.S. 
Army in the Rainbow Division in France, and after Martin Trepto had 
joined the Rainbow Division in France in 1917 and he had been there 
only 3 weeks in a country, he was killed. His friends, when they 
recovered his body, found that he had maintained a diary, and the last 
entry in the diary said these words: `I must fight this war as if the 
success or failure of the United States of America depends on me 
alone.' ''
  That is the spirit of the United States Army that has carried us 
safely through this century. God bless the Army. Happy birthday.
  Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, I yield 4 minutes to the gentleman from 
America Samoa, Mr. Faleomavaega.
  (Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA asked and was given permission to revise and extend 
his remarks.)
  Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Speaker, I want to commend the gentleman from 
South Carolina (Mr. Spence), the chairman of the Committee on Armed 
Services, and certainly our Democratic ranking member as well, the 
gentleman from Missouri (Mr. Skelton), for providing this legislation 
now before the Members for consideration.
  Mr. Speaker, I rise today in strong support of House Joint Resolution 
101, a resolution which recognizes the 225th birthday of the United 
States Army.
  Mr. Speaker, from the establishment of the Continental Army in 1775, 
today's modern fighting force, considered to be the best land-based 
fighting force in the world, the Army has fought for our Nation through 
difficult times. In reviewing the history of our Nation's wars and 
other campaigns, one only begins to appreciate the enormous role the 
Army has played in our Nation's history.
  As an Army veteran in Vietnam and as a former member of the 100th 
Battalion and 442nd Infantry Reserve Group in Hawaii, I have 
experienced a small part of the Army's history and know how difficult 
war can be.
  While we hope future generations may never have to experience any 
world wars like those of the past, we can all feel assured that our 
Army is ready to go wherever and whenever it is called.
  I want to share with my colleagues, Mr. Speaker, some of the things 
that happened in World War II, one of the darkest pages of our Nation's 
history, of what we did to the Japanese-Americans. But despite all the 
problems that these patriotic Americans were confronted with, we had 
thousands of Japanese-Americans who volunteered to fight for our 
Nation. In doing so, the 100th Battalion and the 442nd Infantry Groups 
were organized to fight the enemy in Europe.
  I want to share with my colleagues some of the accomplishments these 
two fighting units made in World War II. Over 18,000 decorations were 
awarded to individuals in these two units for bravery in combat; over 
9,240 Purple Hearts; 560 Silver Stars; 52 Distinguished Service 
Crosses; and, one of the things, that I have complained about for all 
these years, why only one Medal of Honor?
  I think this matter has been rectified, and I want to commend the 
gentleman from Hawaii, Senator Akaka, whose legislation in 1996 
mandated the Congress to review this. I think my colleagues are very 
happy, as well as myself, in seeing this month we are going to witness 
19 Congressional Medals of Honor will be awarded in a special ceremony 
that will be made next

[[Page H4324]]

week, and among them the distinguished Senator from Hawaii, Daniel 
Inouye, who originally had the Distinguished Service Cross, and now he 
will also be awarded the Medal of Honor.
  Mr. Speaker, I want to pay tribute to today's soldiers and all those 
who have gone before them. In addition, too, Mr. Speaker, I want to pay 
a very special tribute to the hundreds of thousands of Army wives and 
their children. I think this is perhaps one area that is sorely missing 
sometimes.
  Yes, we do praise our soldiers in harm's way, but also we have to 
recognize the tremendous sacrifices that wives and their dependents 
have to make, where the women have to become both the fathers and 
mothers in the absence of the fathers being away. I think this is 
something that our country certainly owes to all the Army wives, for 
the tremendous services and sacrifices they have rendered on behalf of 
our Nation.
  Our soldiers have never let us down, and when we call upon them, they 
are there to serve. I think my good friends have already made a comment 
on this, but I want to share it again because I think it is important. 
This is a special address that was given by the late General Douglas 
MacArthur to the West Point cadets at the Academy at West Point in 
1962. It has been quoted, and I will quote it again.
  ``What is the mission of the Army? Yours is the profession of arms, 
the will to win, the sure knowledge that in war there is no substitute 
for victory, and, that if we fail, the Nation will be destroyed.''
  Mr. Speaker, I want to say happy birthday, Army, and with exclamation 
to all the Army soldiers and veterans, I say ``Huuah.''
  Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
  Mr. Speaker, I thank the Members who have stayed to this late hour to 
express the birthday wishes to the United States Army, and a special 
thanks to our chairman, the gentleman from South Carolina (Mr. Spence), 
for introducing this resolution.
  There are two types of soldiers and have been through the years. 
First is the citizen soldier, who historically has served so well and 
then gone home after a conflict or after the service and performed 
duties in the civic arena. The second kind of soldier is the one who 
has made a career of leadership within the United States Army.
  I come from Lafayette County, Missouri, which is the western part of 
the State, and in my home county there are two shining examples of each 
of these types of soldiers. Harry Earl Gladish was in the First World 
War, a member of the National Guard, Battery C of the 129th Field 
Artillery, 35th Division. He was gassed in combat, recovered and came 
home and elected mayor of Higginsville, a State representative from our 
county, and served many, many years as a magistrate judge of Lafayette 
County. The epitome of the citizen soldier.
  Then I had the privilege of living next door to another soldier who 
came back after his distinguished career, a West Point graduate, coming 
through the ranks as an engineer, as a Brigadier General; built the 
Alcan Highway as a Brigadier General of the 9th Infantry Division, 
captured the Remagan Bridge, later retired as a four star general in 
charge of the entire American Army in Europe, Bill Hoge, General Bill 
Hoge of Lafayette County, Lexington, Missouri.
  Both of these gentleman are gone, of course, but they have left the 
memory and they have left the example for those who follow; the citizen 
soldier on the one hand and the professional soldier on the other.
  Those who follow in their footsteps and who wear the American uniform 
today are performing admirably, as long as they have the same spirit. 
For Judge Earl Gladish or General Bill Hoge, our Army will always be 
the finest institution of that sort in the world.
  So I say happy birthday to the American Army, knowing full well that 
there are decades and centuries ahead of us where it will perform great 
tasks for our country. I wish them continued success and Godspeed, as 
well as a birthday wish.
  Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.

                              {time}  2300

  Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, it would not be appropriate to close out 
this proceeding tonight without us remembering one of our colleagues 
who is now retired from this body, Sonny Montgomery, from the State of 
Mississippi, one of the greatest supporters of the Army and our 
military that I have ever known. We all wish him well.
  Mr. Speaker, from a lifelong Navy man, I would like to wish the Army 
a happy birthday on its 225th anniversary.
  Mrs. TAUSCHER. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of this bill, 
congratulating the Army on its 225th birthday.
  In this bill, we take this very appropriate opportunity to recognize 
the Army for the fighting force that it is, victorious in times of war, 
and persuasive in times of peace.
  This legislation recognizes the 225 years of service the Army has to 
its record. On June 14th, 1997, a group of colonists came together on 
the town square in Cambridge, Massachusetts. They did so under the 
authority of the Continental Congress, even before we had signed the 
Declaration of Independence.
  The group that came together that day, 225 years ago was the humble 
beginning that secured freedom for our country and has kept the peace 
since.
  I want to join my colleagues today in expressing our appreciation for 
the Army and the fine work it does every day--work that is done so 
flawlessly that it sometimes goes unnoticed.
  Many people may not realize that the Army today means more than 
fighting and winning wars on foreign territory. Today's Army means 
providing humanitarian relief to the flood victims in Mozambique. 
Today's Army means taking a proactive role to stop the flow of drugs 
into his country. Today's Army means homeland defense, because of which 
we are constantly prepared to respond to domestic threats of terrorism 
in our cities and on our subways.
  These are the kinds of operations that the Army performs every day.
  Mr. Speaker, since I became a member of Congress, I have been 
fortunate enough to interact with many of our brave men and women of 
the Army. And as an American, it gives me great pride to say that these 
individuals are some of smartest, selfless, and most courageous 
individuals I have ever come across.
  The relationship between the institution of the Army and its 
dedicated troops is one of mutual benefit. But the real winners here, 
as I have already said, are the American people. And it is on behalf of 
this country that I want to thank the Army and all of its loyal 
personnel. Happy 225th birthday, U.S. Army!
  Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Speaker, this Member rises in strong support of 
this resolution recognizing the long and glorious history of the United 
States Army.
  On June 14, 1775, ten companies of riflemen were authorized by a 
resolution of the Continental Congress. Since that time our citizen 
soldiers have carried the banner of freedom around the globe. This 
Member is proud to have been one of those soldiers, having served as an 
officer in the ``Big Red One,'' the 1st Infantry Division.
  Today's soldier is in many ways very different from those first 
authorized in 1775. Today's soldier is male, or female, of all races 
and ethnic origins, far better educated and better equipped, and a 
professional in every aspect of the word. Yet, they are not so 
different. Each is as dedicated to protecting the freedoms and rights 
of Americans as were those first soldiers in our Army. They endure the 
same long hours, separation from loved-ones, and low pay.
  This body has embarked on a path to make life better for our 
soldiers. The FY2001 Defense Authorization and Defense Appropriations 
bill have made the first steps in returning the attraction and 
retention of the finest soldiers. These young Americans by their 
service demonstrate that they truly believe in the principles of this 
Nation. This body must show its belief in them. This Member hopes that 
the marking of this very significant birthday will help those Americans 
who have not had the privilege the serve to understand the difficulties 
and hardships that our soldiers carry, almost always without complaint, 
in the name of freedom.
  Mr. Speaker, this Member urges all of his colleagues to join in 
honoring the men and women of our nation's great Army by adopting this 
resolution. Happy 225th Birthday to the United States Army.
  Mr. THOMPSON of California. Mr. Speaker, I rise to join my colleagues 
in celebrating the 225th anniversary of the United States Army.
  As a combat veteran myself, I am proud to have served with a branch 
of our Armed Services whose birth was the prelude to our nation's 
birth.
  For more than two centuries, a long line of men and women have 
courageously and selflessly served in the United States Army and 
defended our nation's freedom and ideals.

[[Page H4325]]

Many--too many--have given their lives in such service. Indeed, we all 
appreciate that our freedoms are hard-fought. More important, we 
understand that their continued survival requires us to be prepared, in 
the words of President Kennedy, ``to pay any price, bear any burden, 
meet any hardship, support any friend, and oppose any foe.'' It's clear 
that the Army is ready to meet that challenge.
  We cannot predict the security threats our nation will face in the 
future. But like its sister services, the Army is preparing to meet 
them. It is undergoing a transition that will increase its mobility and 
fighting power. It is transforming itself in anticipation that future 
crises will require a different set of talents and assets than the wars 
of the 20th century. To their success, I pledge my continuing support.
  Mr. Speaker, this annual birthday commemoration is important because 
it allows us to confer appropriate recognition on the men and women who 
serve in today's Army. These men and women, like their predecessors, 
prepare every day and are ready to go into battle. We pray their 
service may not be required, but we know that their strength and 
preparedness are our best weapons in keeping aggressors at bay. Of 
increasing importance is their role in peacetime and humanitarian 
operations around the world. To the last, they are ready to use their 
best efforts to fulfill whatever missions they are tasked to perform.
  When I was in the Army during the Vietnam War, I served with the 
173rd Airborne. My fellow sky soldiers served with valor. Each upheld 
the longstanding traditions that characterize the Army--duty, honor, 
and selfless sacrifice. Indeed, earlier this spring, I was privileged 
to attend a ceremony in which President Clinton awarded the Medal of 
Honor to a sky soldier, Specialist Four Alfred Rascon, who during that 
War was a medic assigned to the Reconnaissance Platoon that came under 
heavy fire. His extraordinarily courageous acts saved a number of his 
fellow sky soldiers and, as stated in the citation, ``are in keeping 
with the highest traditions of military service and reflect credit upon 
himself, his unit, and the United States Army.''
  Mr. Speaker, in Army units around the world, there are many Alfred 
Rascons--individuals ready to place their lives in harm's way. Few will 
receive a Medal of Honor, but all have the same love of freedom, same 
love of country, and same dedication to duty. Our nation cannot be 
better served.
  It is truly a privilege to join nearly 480,000 men and women in 
commemorating the 225th anniversary of their United States Army. I join 
my Congressional colleagues, and all Americans, in saluting them.
  Mr. RODRIGUEZ. Mr. Speaker, this week we mark an important day in 
American history--June 14, 1775 is the day the United States Army was 
born. The birth of the Army was the prelude to the birth of freedom for 
our country the following year. This Army earned, and continues to 
earn, the respect of our allies, for fear of our opponents, and the 
honor and esteem of the American people.
  The Army's ninth oldest installation was established in 1876 on land 
donated by the city of San Antonio, Texas. In 1890 the post was named 
Fort Sam Houston and it has continuously performed five basic roles and 
missions; as a headquarters, a garrison, a logistical base, 
mobilization and training, and a medical facility. By 1912 it was the 
largest Army post in the United States.
  Highlights of the post's illustrative history include:
  Geronimo and thirty-two other Apaches were briefly held prisoner 
there.
  The 1st US Volunteer Cavalry (Roosevelt's Rough Riders) was organized 
and trained at Fort Sam Houston before heading for San Juan Hill.
  Military aviation was born at Fort Sam Houston in 1910 when 
Lieutenant Benjamin D. Foulois began flight operations there in Army 
Aircraft #1, a Wright biplane.
  Lieutenant Dwight D. Eisenhower met Mamie Doud on the porch of the 
officers' mess, married her, and lived in Building 688 on the post.
  George C. Marshall, Douglas MacArthur, and John J. Pershing were 
among sixteen officers who served at Fort Sam Houston and later became 
general officers and distinguished leaders in the First and Second 
World Wars.
  In 1917 over 1,400 buildings were constructed in three months to 
house and train more than 112,000 soldiers destined to serve in World 
War I.
  The Army's first WAAC company arrived in 1942 to train and serve.
  Fort Sam Houston, known as the home of Army medicine, has been a 
leader in the medical field since its first 12-bed hospital was built 
in 1886. Today, with a new, state of the art, medical treatment 
facility, the Brooke Army Medical Center, and the Army's Medical 
Department Center and School, Fort Sam Houston continues the important 
medical role it has played since the post was founded.
  As we honor the United States Army, our nation's oldest service, now 
celebrating its 225th birthday, it is fitting we reflect on the 
historic role Fort Sam Houston, Texas, has played, and continues to 
play, in the defense of our country. It is a tangible connection with 
the history of the Army and the United States. It is important we 
preserve its legacy for future generations.
  Mr. ORTIZ. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.J. Res. 101, a 
resolution commemorating the 225th Birthday of the United States Army. 
I thank the Chairman and Ranking Democrat for bringing this resolution 
to the floor today.
  I know that all Americans share an appreciation for the United States 
Army, but few know the Army actually predates the existence of this 
Congress. In mid-June of 1775, the Continental Congress, the 
predecessor of the U.S. Congress, authorized the establishment of the 
Continental Army. The Continental Army became the United States Army 
after the adoption of the United States Constitution, giving Congress 
the responsibility ``to raise and support Armies'' in Section 8, clause 
12 of Article I.
  Through this resolution we consider today, Congress notes the valor, 
commitment and sacrifice made by American soldiers during the course of 
our history; we commend the United States Army and American soldiers 
for 225 years of selfless service; and we call upon the people of the 
United States to observe this important anniversary with the 
appropriate ceremonies and activities. Many have observed that the 
freedoms and liberty we enjoyed in the 20th Century were a result of 
the wars fought by the United States military, which has the Army as 
its backbone.
  As a former soldier in the Army, I have a unique appreciation for the 
work it does. As a member of the House Armed Service Committee which 
now writes policy to guide the same Army in which I served, I also have 
a unique appreciation for the job we ask the Army to do today. We ask 
them to do a dangerous and difficult job. They bleed and die for the 
cause of liberty and democracy. There is no way those who have not 
served can understand the everyday life of a ground or airborne 
soldier.
  Let me speak to why it is important that Congress commends the Army 
so publicly today. As our overall force has drawn down, I find there is 
more and more of a disconnect between those who fight our wars and the 
civilians whose interests they protect. It is civilian command and 
control that is one of the most meaningful aspects of democracy. It is 
also the closeness of the citizenry and the military that is, in and of 
itself, representative of a free society.
  I urge my colleagues to support this resolution, but I urge them to 
do more than just that. I implore them, and the American people, to 
seek a greater understanding of today's military and the mission we 
expect them to do; appreciation of the job they do will follow.
  Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, I have no further requests for time, and I 
yield back the balance of my time.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Terry). The question is on the motion 
offered by the gentleman from South Carolina (Mr. Spence) that the 
House suspend the rules and pass the joint resolution, H.J. Res. 101.
  The question was taken; and (two-thirds having voted in favor 
thereof) the rules were suspended and the joint resolution was passed.
  A motion to reconsider was laid on the table.

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