[Congressional Record Volume 146, Number 35 (Monday, March 27, 2000)]
[Senate]
[Pages S1737-S1738]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                             THE OIL CRISIS

  Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, there has been a great deal of 
anticipation today on what OPEC might do. For those of you who do not 
recall the sequence, several weeks ago, our Secretary of Energy went 
over to OPEC, encouraging them to increase production. The concern was 
that we were approximately 56-percent dependent on imported oil. A good 
portion of that came from OPEC. As we saw with the Northeast Corridor 
crisis on heating oils, there was concern over the availability of 
adequate supplies of crude oil. It appears that we are using somewhere 
in the area of 2 million barrels a day more in the world than are being 
produced currently. That sent a shock through the oil marketeers and 
resulted in our Secretary going over to OPEC and meeting with the 
Saudis and urging them to increase production.
  They indicated they were going to have a meeting on March 27, which 
is today, and would respond to us at that time. The Secretary indicated 
that this was a dire emergency, that oil prices were increasing and the 
East Corridor was looking at oil prices in the area of nearly one and a 
half dollars and he needed relief now. The OPEC nations--particularly 
the Saudis--indicated they would address it at the March 27 meeting. 
So, in other words, the Secretary was somewhat stiff-armed.
  Well, the Secretary, as you know, went to Mexico and encouraged the 
Mexicans to increase production. The Mexicans listened patiently, but 
they reminded the Secretary that last year when oil was $10, $11, $12, 
$13 a barrel, and the Mexican economy was in the bucket, where was the 
United States? The Secretary indicated we would help Mexico out with 
the tesobonos, ensuring that they would be bailed out. But to make a 
long story short, we didn't get any relief from Mexico.
  Well, today, we didn't get any relief from OPEC. OPEC said they would 
address it tomorrow. So the question of whether or not we are going to 
get relief, I think, points to one thing: We have become addicted to 
imported oil. We are like somebody on the street who has to have a fix. 
The fix is more imported oil. And when the supply is disrupted, we look 
at what it takes to get more.
  Well, it takes maybe a higher payment, a shortage of supply. It makes 
the price go up. That is the position we are in. I encourage my 
colleagues to look very closely at what OPEC does tomorrow--indeed, if 
they do anything--because what they have been doing so far is cheating. 
Who have they been cheating on? They have been cheating, in effect, on 
themselves at our expense because last year they agreed to cut 
production. They developed a discipline within OPEC to cut production 
back to 23 million barrels per day. But they did not keep that 
commitment. They are currently producing 24.2 million barrels a day. 
That is about 1.2 million over the agreement.
  So if they come up tomorrow and announce they are going to come out 
with a million and a half barrels a day increase, that isn't a million 
and a half barrels net; the net is 300,000 barrels a day. So we better 
darn well look at that arithmetic. If they come up with 2 million 
barrels a day, that is relief, in a sense, but in the last year our 
demand increase has been a million and a half barrels a day in 
addition, and I did not take into account my arithmetic. Remember, we 
are not the only ones in the world who consume oil from OPEC. Those 
other countries are going to have to share in whatever increased 
production comes out.

  So it is indeed a rather interesting dilemma that we find ourselves 
in as we now are dependent 56 percent on imported oil. The Department 
of Energy tells us that in the years from 2015 and 2020, we will be 65-
percent dependent on imported oil. Well, some people say you learn by 
history. Others say you do not learn very much. Obviously, we have not 
learned very much.
  There is one other factor I think the American people ought to 
understand. Where has our current increase been coming from? It has 
been coming from Iraq. Last year, we imported 300,000 barrels a day 
from Iraq. Today, we are importing 700,000 barrels a day from Iraq. 
Today, the Department of Commerce lifted some sanctions off of Iraq to 
allow the Iraqis to import from the United States certain parts so they 
could increase--these are refinery parts--refining capacity by 600,000 
barrels a day in addition.
  So here we are, importing 700,000 barrels a day currently from Iraq. 
Some people forgot we fought a war over there not so many years ago--in 
1991. What happened in that war? We lost 147 American lives; 423 were 
wounded in action, and we had 26 taken prisoner. In addition, the 
American taxpayer took it. Where did he take it? He took it in the 
shorts because since the end of the Persian Gulf war in 1991, just to 
contain Saddam Hussein and keep him within his boundaries, the cost of 
enforcing the no-fly zone and other things is costing the American 
taxpayer $10 billion.
  So here we are today looking at OPEC for relief, allowing them to get 
parts for their refineries so they can increase production. Here we are 
depending and begging and passing the tin cup for OPEC production. The 
answer lies in decreasing our imports on foreign oil and, as a 
consequence, producing more oil and gas in the United States. We can do 
it safely. We have the American technology. We have the overthrust 
belt, the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Montana, Louisiana, 
Texas, those States that want OCS activity.
  My State of Alaska is perfectly capable of producing more oil. We 
produce nearly 20 percent of the total crude oil; it used to be 25. We 
have the technology. We know how to open up the Arctic areas and make 
sure the animals and the character of the land are protected because we 
only operate in the wintertime. Our roads are ice roads. They melt in 
the spring. There is no footprint. If there is no oil there, there is 
no footprint of any kind. We can do that in these areas. But as a 
consequence, we have to look for a solution.
  I hope my colleagues really pick up on this. If OPEC does increase 
production, there are going to be those who claim victory, that we got 
relief. But it is going to be a hollow victory because that victory 
simply says our Nation becomes more dependent on imported oil. I think 
most Americans are waking up to the reality that that is a very 
dangerous policy. To suggest we got caught by surprise--I will conclude 
with two little notes. In 1994, Secretary of Commerce Brown requested 
that the independent petroleum producers do an evaluation on the 
national energy security of this country and came to the conclusion 
that we were too dependent on imported oil.
  Last March, Members of the Senate wrote a bipartisan letter to the 
Secretary of Commerce, Secretary Daley, asking for an evaluation on the 
national security interests of our country relative to our increased 
dependence on imported oil. He released that report in November. It sat 
on the President's desk until Friday. They finally released it in a 
brief overview. The conclusion was that we have become too

[[Page S1738]]

dependent on imported sources of oil and it affects the national 
security of this country. What do they propose to do about it? They 
don't have an answer.
  I will talk more on this tomorrow when we have further information on 
OPEC.

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