[Congressional Record Volume 145, Number 96 (Thursday, July 1, 1999)]
[Senate]
[Pages S7981-S7986]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




        TREASURY AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2000


                           Amendment No. 1193

  Mr. REED. I ask unanimous consent to send an amendment to the desk to 
the Treasury-Postal appropriations bill and that the amendment be laid 
aside.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
  Without objection, it is so ordered.


       NOMINATION OF LAWRENCE SUMMERS AND PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION

  Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, I had asked for a reservation of some 30 
minutes to speak on the pending nomination of Mr. Larry Summers for the 
position of Secretary of the Treasury.
  In considering the nomination of Mr. Summers for the position of 
Secretary of the Treasury, I have reviewed the many facets of the work 
of that particular office and have focused with particularity, at this 
time, on the administration's policy on nonenforcement of the 
antidumping laws. I had met with Mr. Summers on Friday, June 18th, and 
told him at that time that I was giving consideration to a protest vote 
against his nomination because of the administration's failure to 
enforce the antidumping laws after having discussed with him his own 
views.
  Since that time I have decided to direct my efforts, instead, to try 
to put together a coalition of Members of Congress, both in the House 
and the Senate, to find a remedy where a private right of action could 
be used to enforce the antidumping laws.
  This is a subject that has been of great concern to me during my 
entire tenure in the Senate, having introduced a variety of bills--
which I shall discuss in due course--going back as early as 1982.
  In the course of a number of legislative proposals, I have had 
cosponsorship from a wide variety of my Senate colleagues, including 
then-Senator Gore, Senators Thurmond, Byrd, Helms, Cochran, Hatch, 
Inouye, Murkowski, Kennedy, Levin, Santorum, Mikulski, and Sessions.
  The problem of dumping is an extraordinarily acute problem in America 
today. It has come into very sharp focus with what has been happening 
in the steel industry, which has been decimated over the past two 
decades.
  Steel, two decades ago--in 1979--had employees numbering 
approximately 500,000. Today, we have about a third of that number. In 
the course of the past several months, some 10,000 steelworkers have 
lost their jobs because of dumping from many foreign importers. But in 
reviewing the issue of dumping, I have found that it is extraordinarily 
widespread.
  Here is a partial list of the products which are dumped in the United 
States, in addition to steel: wheat, hogs, lamb, cotton, sugar, orange 
juice, raspberries, flowers, salmon, mushrooms, paper clips, pencils, 
garlic, brake rotors, telephone systems, brass, pasta, picture tubes, 
rubber, industrial belts. And the series goes on and on.
  I ask unanimous consent that at the conclusion of my remarks, the 
antidumping duty orders in effect as of March 1, 1999, be printed in 
the Congressional Record.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  (See Exhibit 1.)
  Mr. SPECTER. This list contains, I am advised, some 280 products 
which are dumped in the United States where our dumping laws, simply 
stated, are not enforced.
  There is a groundswell in America today protesting the failure to 
enforce the antidumping laws. Dumping is a situation where, for 
example, steel coming from Russia will be sold cheaper in the United 
States than it is being sold in Russia. That is flatly against the laws 
of the United States. It is flatly against international trade laws. 
The United States has laws against that kind of dumping. But they are, 
simply stated, ignored.
  The groundswell of opposition to dumping is reflected in the very 
strong vote in the House of Representatives on the so-called steel 
quota bill; 289 Members of the House voting in favor of it, 141 in 
opposition, more than enough votes to override a veto.
  When the issue came to the Senate last week, there was considerable 
speculation as to whether there would be 67 votes to override a veto 
and whether there would be an excess of 60 votes for cloture. Then, as 
a result of some very intense, last-minute lobbying by the 
administration, a great many Senators changed their votes, reversed 
their announced intentions, and we had 42 votes in favor of the steel 
quota bill. Even so, it was a large vote in the Senate--considering all 
the circumstances--because of the very strong public policy against 
quotas, remembering the problems in the Smoot-Hawley era. I think the 
effort at the quota bill was really to attract the attention of the 
administration, to show how serious the problem was.

  In my capacity as chairman of the steel caucus, I have convened a 
number of meetings of our caucus. I have met with Treasury Secretary 
Rubin and Commerce Secretary Daley and Trade Representative Barshefsky. 
We have made the case of the need for enforcement of our trade laws. 
While not exactly a deaf ear, there was certainly little by way of any 
positive response.
  I had an opportunity to talk personally with the President during a 
long plane ride from Andrews to Tel Aviv last December. The plane ride 
was more than 10 hours, an opportunity to talk about a great many 
subjects. I discussed with the President the very serious problems with 
the steel industry. He was sympathetic but nothing really has come from 
the administration to deal effectively with the problem of dumping.
  The fact of life is, where it comes to considerations of foreign 
policy or defense policy, American industry is traditionally sacrificed 
and the antidumping laws are not enforced.
  This is an issue which has concerned me, as a Pennsylvania Senator, 
since 1981 when I took my oath of office. In 1984, there was a 
favorable ruling by

[[Page S7982]]

the International Trade Commission supporting the steel industry. It 
was then up to the President, President Ronald Reagan, to determine 
whether or not that International Trade Commission ruling would stand. 
My then colleague, Senator John Heinz--the late Senator Heinz, who we 
all miss so very much--and I made the rounds of key administration 
officials. Then-Secretary of Commerce Malcolm Baldrige was in favor of 
upholding the International Trade Commission order. Then-Trade 
Representative Bill Brock was in favor of upholding the International 
Trade Commission order. Then-Senator Heinz and I met with Secretary of 
State George Shultz, separately with Secretary of Defense Caspar 
Weinberger, and were told in no uncertain terms by the Secretary of 
State that our foreign policy was such that the ITC decision had to be 
reversed by the President. That was Secretary Shultz' recommendation. 
Secretary of Defense Weinberger said about the same thing, that defense 
policy required the ITC ruling be overturned, which the President had 
the right to do. So, in fact, in September of 1984, President Reagan 
did overturn the International Trade Commission ruling. That was just 
symptomatic and characteristic of what had happened with respect to 
dumping and the harm of lost jobs to the industry.
  Since the early 1980s, the steel industry has poured $50 billion of 
capital into modernization efforts and has pared the payrolls, as I 
noted earlier, from about 500,000 to about a third of that. There is no 
way that the American steel industry can compete with dumped steel; 
where Russians or Brazilians or others are prepared to steal--dumping 
is a form of stealing, spelled different from steel--the product. There 
is no way the American steel industry can compete with dumping.
  On June 18 of this year, the Washington Post contained a notation 
that Secretary of Commerce Daley had declared the steel crisis was 
over. Outraged by that conclusion, 12 chief executive officers of 
American steel companies wrote to Secretary William Daley, in part as 
follows:

       The steel crisis is still very much with us. Cold rolled 
     imports are up dramatically, 24 percent above the level for 
     the first 4 months of last year. Imports of cut-to-length 
     plate are up dramatically, 25 percent year-to-year in for 
     this period. The prices remain extremely depressed. Operating 
     rates have plunged from 93 percent to 80 percent on an 
     annualized basis.

  A 10 percent change in operating rates equals about $5 billion in 
revenue, so that decrease would be in the $7 to $8 billion range in 
decreased revenue.
  Within the next week, after the letter of June 18 to Secretary Daley 
from the steel executives, the statistics released by the Department of 
Commerce showed a tremendous additional surge. From April to May, 
imports went up by almost 700,000 metric tons, more than 30 percent. 
Imports of cold-rolled steel products from Russia were 7,296 metric 
tons in April 1999, and almost 41,000 metric tons the following month 
of May, an increase of more than 450 percent.
  So we have seen the problem aggravated. The steel companies have 
brought seven antidumping cases with the Department of Commerce. Six of 
those have been subjected to suspension agreements by the Department of 
Commerce. When a complaint is brought, the Department of Commerce has 
the authority to end the complaint with a suspension agreement.
  I had an opportunity to talk at some length just yesterday to 
Secretary of Commerce Daley to try to get an update on enforcement of 
the antidumping laws, and more particularly, the enforcement of the 
antidumping laws with regard to steel. Secretary Daley, at least to my 
way of thinking, was not at all on target with what the Department of 
Commerce is doing.
  I confronted him with the specifics on the suspension agreement that 
the Department of Commerce entered into with Russia on February 22 of 
this year. That agreement permits unfair traders to avoid liability for 
millions of dollars in penalties due on steel dumped since November of 
1998. The terms of the suspension agreement result in imports rising to 
a level of 750,000 metric tons per year and further displace very 
substantial domestic production. With respect to the proposed Brazilian 
antidumping suspension agreement, the fixed exchange rate locks in 
unrealistic low prices without allowing for future changes in the 
exchange rate. On another proposed Brazilian countervailing suspension 
agreement, it is 37 percent above the prelevel crisis.
  So here we have efforts made under section 201, where the President 
has the right to rescind the remedy. That is consistently done. Here we 
have these countervailing duty cases brought, where the Department of 
Commerce has the authority to enter into a suspension agreement to the 
detriment of the American steel industry. That is consistently done.
  The remedy which I suggest on pending legislation is to provide for a 
private right of action so the injured parties--whether they are the 
steelworkers who have been demonstrating and protesting in Washington, 
D.C. in major rallies or whether it would be the steel companies who 
have written to administration officials--the injured parties would 
have an opportunity to go into Federal court to get justice.
  You have the trade laws of the United States which prohibit dumping;  
you have the international trade laws, which prohibit dumping. The laws 
prohibiting dumping are entirely consistent with GATT, our 
international trade agreements. But those antidumping laws are, simply 
stated, not enforced.

  In my discussions with Secretary Daley yesterday, he raised the 
question about the very substantial trade, the lower prices to 
consumers, and noted that in an era where there is overcapacity around 
the world and there is a world depression, the United States is an 
obvious target for this dumping, to the benefit of our consumers. But 
that is not an adequate answer. That is not an adequate answer when 
thousands of steelworkers are laid off, or when the farmers are having 
a disastrous economic time, when the Congress has to appropriate 
billions of dollars in farm relief because of the dumping of wheat, the 
dumping of hogs, and dumping of lamb.
  I recall as a teenager working in the wheat fields in Kansas before 
moving to Pennsylvania. I grew up in a small community, Russell, KS, in 
the heart of America's breadbasket, the heart of America's wheat 
basket. The wheat that has been dumped on the American markets has had 
a tremendously devastating effect on the American farm community, as so 
much of the other dumping of the commodities I have noted.
  There is a remedy that would provide a private right of action to go 
to court, where the courts would be concerned with what the law is 
against dumping and would be concerned with what the evidence is--
strong evidence to prove that dumping exists. Then the court, under the 
legislation I have introduced, would enter what is called an 
``equitable order,'' to assess a duty or a tariff that is consistent 
with GATT, based upon the difference between what the goods ought to 
sell for and the price at which they are dumped.
  There is, obviously, concern by the administration about the use of 
the court system when the administration wants to have the power to 
make decisions as the administration chooses. But when the 
administration acts in the interest of foreign policy, or in the 
interest of defense policy, to the prejudice of so many workers in 
America who are not getting justice, that simply is not right.
  The equity action would not submit the case to a jury. Rather, it is 
decided on traditional principles of the law of equity by a judge 
alone. It is possible to have a temporary restraining order issued on 
the basis of affidavits submitted. It is not a complicated matter to 
prove dumping. A judge then has the authority, under the Federal Rules 
of Civil Procedure, to issue what is called an ex parte order just on 
the application of one party--without even the other party being 
present--where the affidavits are sufficient. The duty then arises for 
the court to have a hearing within 5 days on a preliminary injunction. 
Then these equity matters can be tried in a matter of a few days, or a 
couple of weeks at the outside.
  When some administration officials have complained that court cases 
take a very long time, it simply is not true. Where a court of equity 
issues an order, that order stays in effect even when an appeal is 
taken, unless there

[[Page S7983]]

is an issuance of a supersedeas. To get a supersedeas, there has to be 
a bond posted in twice the amount of the damages. The fact is that once 
these enforcement actions would be taken, the dumpers would find it 
more expensive to violate the law than to comply with the law. This 
would be a remedy that would have a very profound effect.
  This is not an idea I have proposed for the first time in the 
legislation filed this year. During the 97th Congress, I introduced 
Senate bill 2167. In the 98th Congress, I introduced similar 
legislation under the number of Senate bill 418. In the 99th Congress, 
it was S. 236. In the 100th Congress, it was S. 361. In the 102d 
Congress, it was S. 2508. In the 103d Congress, it was S. 332. On March 
3 of this year, I introduced the pending legislation as Senate bill 
528.
  Votes have been held, with one vote as close as 51-47, losing on an 
effort to attach that as an amendment. One of the bills was reported 
unanimously out of the Judiciary Committee and, as noted before, a 
considerable group of colleagues have sponsored one or more of these 
bills: then-Senator Gore, Senators Thurmond, Byrd, Cochran, Helms, 
Inouye, Murkowski, Hatch, Kennedy, Levin, Santorum, Mikulski, and 
Sessions have all been supportive of this legislation.
  I must say that the hearings in the Finance Committee have not 
produced a consideration of this legislation in a markup. So it is my 
intention to find a vehicle on which to offer this legislation, some 
other bill that comes to the floor. In discussions with many 
colleagues, there is very considerable interest in many quarters 
because when the matter is discussed, so many of my fellow Senators 
say, well, that is a wheat issue that prejudices the farmers of my 
State; or that is a hog issue or a lamb issue that prejudices the 
farmers of my State; or with the enormous list of products involved, so 
many jobs are being taken.
  So the essence of the issue is: What will happen on enforcement of 
antidumping laws in America? The bitter fact of life is that 
administrations that are both Republican and Democrat have not been 
interested or diligent in enforcing our antidumping laws. Instead, they 
have preferred to bend to the interests of the foreign policy 
considerations, or defense policy. When Russia dumps in the United 
States--and Russia's economy is in a precarious shape--the 
administration enters into a suspension agreement badly prejudicing the 
American steel industry, causing the loss of thousands of jobs on the 
administration's conclusion that it is more important to have a solid 
economy in Russia and not to have instability with Boris Yeltsin than 
it is to lose thousands of jobs of the steelworkers. When wheat, or 
lambs, or hogs, or orange juice, is dumped, there again, the avalanche 
of those cases is beyond the capacity of the administration to handle.
  There is a solid precedent in our legal procedures for private rights 
of action. We have the antitrust laws that are enforced by private 
parties, who are authorized under Federal statutes to get not only 
damages, but treble damages, three times the damages. You have the 
securities laws of the United States that are enforced by private 
rights of action.
  The Securities and Exchange Commission simply can't handle all of the 
enforcement of our securities laws, just as the Department of Justice 
and the Federal Trade Commission cannot handle all of the antitrust 
laws. This has been a subject of deep concern to me, since my days as a 
law student when I wrote an extensive article in the Yale Law Journal, 
appearing in 1955, on private rights of action. It was directed at the 
criminal process, but the analogies are the same. If we enact 
legislation that enables the steelworkers, or the steel companies, or 
the farmers, or the wheat companies, or the electronics industry, or 
the telephone industry, or the long list of industries that have been 
victimized by dumping to go into court, the judge will not look at what 
is our foreign policy or what is our defense policy, but will see the 
U.S. law that prohibits dumping, and will analyze the GATT provisions 
which authorize the enforcement of antidumping laws.

  The legislation calls for these actions to be brought in the U.S. 
International Court of Trade in New York City.
  So this is not a matter of the steelworkers going to a friendly judge 
in Pittsburgh, or the wheat farmers going to a friendly judge in 
Wichita, but it will be handled by the International Court of Trade 
which sits in New York City and has the expertise and the detachment to 
look at the law--to look at the facts--and to do justice. But justice 
is not being done in America today where you have the failure of the 
administration to enforce these laws.
  During the almost two decades that I have served in the Senate, it 
has been the same whether the administration was of one party or the 
other, and that it is easy to slough off the loss of jobs and the loss 
of American industry. But that, simply stated, is not fair.
  It may be that if we mobilized a group of Senators to vote against 
the nomination of Mr. Summers, or if I voted against the nomination of 
Mr. Summers, it would attract more attention than a 22-minute floor 
statement. But after having considered the matter for the intervening 
almost 2 weeks since I met with Mr. Summers, I thought that it would be 
not fair to him. He has an excellent record, a good academic record, 
and a strong record in the Department of the Treasury. But when I 
discussed with him the enforcement of the antidumping laws, I did not 
find the concerns that I thought the Secretary of the Treasury-
Designate ought to have. But we have agreed to talk further.
  Yesterday, when I talked to Secretary of Commerce Daley, again I did 
not find the kind of sensitivity or concerns that I thought the 
Secretary of Commerce ought to have.
  When I reviewed the suspension agreements that Secretary Daley's 
Department entered into, I thought that they were prejudicial to the 
interests of the American steel industry. But in America, we have had 
so many illustrations where the legislative bodies don't act, or where 
the executive branches don't act but where the courts do. It is nothing 
like life tenure for a Federal judge and the dispassionate application 
of the rule of law but, rather, the facts to the case. But were that to 
be done, it is not a matter of protectionism. It is a matter of 
enforcing the basic rule of free trade.
  Anytime someone takes up the cudgel to complain about what is 
happening for failure to enforce antidumping laws, the financial 
publications are always saying that is a cry for protectionism. But the 
fact is that it is not protectionism. It is enforcing the basic tenet 
of free trade, which means no dumping. If you have dumping you do not 
have free trade.
  We are going to continue to work with the coalition of Senators. We 
will not use this occasion to protest the administration's failure to 
enforce the antidumping laws by a protest vote against Mr. Summers but 
to try to bring a coalition together, and perhaps even to persuade the 
new Secretary of Treasury, the existing Secretary of Commerce, and 
perhaps even the President, that justice and fairness and equity 
requires enforcement through the judicial process, which is the only 
way to get appropriate relief.
  I thank the Chair.

                           EXHIBIT NO. 1

                               ANTIDUMPING DUTY ORDERS IN EFFECT ON MARCH 1, 1999
                   [Duty orders revoked by Sunset Review remain in effect until Jan. 1, 2000]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Case No. and country                                         Product                           D I
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A-357-007  Argentina...........................  Carbon steel wire rod.....................................    1
A-357-405  Argentina...........................  Barbed wire and barbless wire strand......................    1
A-357-802  Argentina...........................  L-WR welded carbon steel pipe and tube....................    0
A-357-804  Argentina...........................  Silicon metal.............................................    0

[[Page S7984]]

 
A-357-809  Argentina...........................  Line and pressure pipe....................................    0
A-357-810  Argentina...........................  Oil country tubular goods.................................    0
A-831-801  Armenia.............................  Solid urea................................................    0
A-602-803  Australia...........................  Corrosion-resistant carbon steel flat products............    0
A-832-801  Azerbaijan..........................  Solid urea................................................    0
A-538-802  Bangladesh..........................  Cotton shop towels........................................    0
A-822-801  Belarus.............................  Solid urea................................................    0
A-423-077  Belgium.............................  Sugar.....................................................    0
A-423-602  Belgium.............................  Industrial phosphoric acid................................    1
A-423-805  Belgium.............................  Cut-to-length carbon steel plate..........................    0
A-351-503  Brazil..............................  Iron construction castings................................    0
A-351-505  Brazil..............................  Malleable cast iron pipe fittings.........................    0
A-351-602  Brazil..............................  Carbon steel butt-weld pipe fittings......................    0
A-351-603  Brazil..............................  Brass sheet and strip.....................................    0
A-351-605  Brazil..............................  Frozen concentrated orange juice..........................    0
A-351-804  Brazil..............................  Industrial nitrocellulose.................................    1
A-351-806  Brazil..............................  Silicon metal.............................................    0
A-351-809  Brazil..............................  Circular welded non-alloy steel pipe......................    1
A-351-811  Brazil..............................  Hot rolled lead/bismuth carbon steel products.............    0
A-351-817  Brazil..............................  Cut-to-length carbon steel plate..........................    0
A-351-819  Brazil..............................  Stainless steel wire rod..................................    0
A-351-820  Brazil..............................  Ferrosilicon..............................................    0
A-351-824  Brazil..............................  Silicomanganese...........................................    1
A-351-825  Brazil..............................  Stainless steel bar.......................................    0
A-351-826  Brazil..............................  Line and pressure pipe....................................    0
A-122-047  Canada..............................  Elemental sulphur.........................................    0
A-122-085  Canada..............................  Suger and syrup...........................................    0
A-122-401  Canada..............................  Red raspberries...........................................    0
A-122-503  Canada..............................  Iron construction castings................................    0
A-122-506  Canada..............................  Oil country tubular goods.................................    0
A-122-601  Canada..............................  Brass sheet and strip.....................................    0
A-122-605  Canada..............................  Color picture tubes.......................................    1
A-122-804  Canada..............................  New steel rails...........................................    1
A-122-814  Canada..............................  Pure and alloy magnesium..................................    1
A-122-822  Canada..............................  Corrosion-resistant carbon steel flat products............    0
A-122-823  Canada..............................  Cut-to-length carbon steel plate..........................    0
A-337-602  Chile...............................  Fresh cut flowers.........................................    0
A-337-803  Chile...............................  Fresh Atlantic salmon.....................................    0
A-337-804  Chile...............................  Preserved mushrooms.......................................    0
A-570-001  China PRC...........................  Potassium permanganate....................................    0
A-570-002  China PRC...........................  Chloropicrin..............................................    0
A-570-003  China PRC...........................  Cotton shop towels........................................    0
A-570-007  China PRC...........................  Barium chloride...........................................    1
A-570-101  China PRC...........................  Greig polyester cotton print cloth........................    0
A-570-501  China PRC...........................  Natural bristle paint brushes and brush heads.............    0
A-570-502  China PRC...........................  Iron construction castings................................    0
A-570-504  China PRC...........................  Petroleum wax candles.....................................    0
A-570-506  China PRC...........................  Porcelain-on-steel cooking ware...........................    1
A-570-601  China PRC...........................  Tapered roller bearings...................................    0
A-570-802  China PRC...........................  Industrial nitrocellulose.................................    1
A-570-803  China PRC...........................  Heavy forged hand tools, w/wo handles.....................    0
A-570-804  China PRC...........................  Sparklers.................................................    0
A-570-805  China PRC...........................  Sulfur chemicals (sodium thiosulfate).....................    0
A-570-806  China PRC...........................  Silicon metal.............................................    0
A-570-808  China PRC...........................  Chrome-plated lug nuts....................................    1
A-570-811  China PRC...........................  Tungsten ore concentrates.................................    0
A-570-814  China PRC...........................  Carbon steel butt-weld pipe fittings......................    0
A-570-815  China PRC...........................  Sulfanilic acid...........................................    1
A-570-819  China PRC...........................  Ferrosilicon..............................................    0
A-570-820  China PRC...........................  Compact ductile iron waterworks fittings..................    0
A-570-822  China PRC...........................  Helical spring lock washers...............................    1
A-570-825  China PRC...........................  Serbacic acid.............................................    0
A-570-826  China PRC...........................  Paper clips...............................................    1
A-570-827  China PRC...........................  Pencils, cased............................................    1
A-570-828  China PRC...........................  Silicomanganese...........................................    1
A-570-830  China PRC...........................  Coumarin..................................................    0
A-570-831  China PRC...........................  Garlic, fresh.............................................    0
A-570-832  China PRC...........................  Pure magnesium............................................    0
A-570-835  China PRC...........................  Furfuryl alcohol..........................................    0
A-570-836  China PRC...........................  Glycine...................................................    0
A-570-840  China PRC...........................  Manganese metal...........................................    1
A-570-842  China PRC...........................  Polyvinyl alcohol.........................................    0
A-570-844  China PRC...........................  Melamine institutional dinnerware.........................    0
A-570-846  China PRC...........................  Brake rotors..............................................    0
A-570-847  China PRC...........................  Persulfates...............................................    0
A-570-848  China PRC...........................  Freshwater crawfish tailmeat..............................    1
A-583-008  China Taiwan........................  Small diam. welded carbon steel pipe and tube.............    0
A-583-080  China Taiwan........................  Carbon steel plate........................................    1
A-583-505  China Taiwan........................  Oil country tubular goods.................................    0
A-583-507  China Taiwan........................  Malleable cast iron pipe fittings.........................    0
A-583-508  China Taiwan........................  Porcelain-on-steel cooking ware...........................    1
A-583-603  China Taiwan........................  Top-of-the-stove stnls steel cooking ware.................    0
A-583-605  China Taiwan........................  Carbon steel butt-weld pipe fittings......................    0
A-583-803  China Taiwan........................  Light-walled rect. welded carbon steel pipe and tube......    0
A-583-806  China Taiwan........................  Telephone systems and subassemblies thereof...............    0
A-583-810  China Taiwan........................  Chrome-plated lug nuts....................................    1
A-583-814  China Taiwan........................  Circular welded non-alloy steel pipe......................    1
A-583-815  China Taiwan........................  Welded ASTM A-312 stainless steel pipe....................    1
A-583-816  China Taiwan........................  Stainless steel butt-weld pipe fittings...................    0
A-583-820  China Taiwan........................  Helical spring lock washers...............................    1
A-583-821  China Taiwan........................  Stainless steel flanges...................................    0
A-583-824  China Taiwan........................  Polyvinyl alcohol.........................................    0
A-583-825  China Taiwan........................  Melamine institutional dinnerware.........................    0
A-583-826  China Taiwan........................  Collated roofing nails....................................    1
A-583-827  China Taiwan........................  Static random access memory...............................    0
A-583-828  China Taiwan........................  Stainless steel wire rod..................................    0
A-301-602  Colombia............................  Fresh cut flowers.........................................    0
A-331-602  Ecuador.............................  Fresh cut flowers.........................................    0
A-447-801  Estonia.............................  Solid urea................................................    0
A-405-802  Finland.............................  Cut-to-length carbon steel plate..........................    0
A-427-001  France..............................  Sorbitol..................................................    0
A-427-009  France..............................  Industrial nitrocellulose.................................    0
A-427-078  France..............................  Sugar.....................................................    0
A-427-098  France..............................  Anhydrous sodium metasilicate.............................    0
A-427-602  France..............................  Brass sheet and strip.....................................    0
A-427-801  France..............................  Antifriction bearings.....................................    0
A-427-804  France..............................  Hol rolled lead/bismuth carbon steel products.............    0
A-427-808  France..............................  Corrosion-resistant carbon steel flat products............    0
A-427-811  France..............................  Stainless steel wire rod..................................    0

[[Page S7985]]

 
A-427-812  France..............................  Calcium aluminate cement and cement clinker...............    0
A-100-001  General Issues......................  Antifriction bearings.....................................    0
A-100-003  General Issues......................  Carbon steel flat products (filed 30-Jun-92)..............    0
A-833-801  Georgia.............................  Solid urea................................................    0
A-428-811  Germany United......................  Hot rolled lead/bismuth carbon steel products.............    0
A-428-814  Germany United......................  Cold-rolled carbon steel flat products....................    0
A-428-815  Germany United......................  Corrosion-resistant carbon steel flat products............    0
A-428-816  Germany United......................  Cut-to-length carbon steel plate..........................    0
A-428-820  Germany United......................  Seamless line and pressure pipe...........................    0
A-428-821  Germany United......................  Large newspaper printing pressure and components..........    0
A-428-082  Germany West........................  Sugar.....................................................    0
A-428-602  Germany West........................  Brass sheet and strip.....................................    0
A-428-801  Germany West........................  Antifriction bearings.....................................    0
A-428-802  Germany West........................  Industrial belts..........................................    0
A-428-803  Germany West........................  Industrial nitrocellulose.................................    1
A-428-807  Germany West........................  Sulfur chemicals..........................................    0
A-428-801  Greece..............................  Electrolytic manganese dioxide............................    0
A-437-601  Hungary.............................  Tapered roller bearing....................................    0
A-533-502  India...............................  Welded carbon steel pipes and tubes.......................    0
A-533-806  India...............................  Sulfanilic acid...........................................    0
A-533-809  India...............................  Stainless steel flanges...................................    0
A-533-810  India...............................  Stainless steel bar.......................................    0
A-533-813  India...............................  Preserved mushrooms.......................................    0
A-560-801  Indonesia...........................  Melamine institutional dinnerware preserved mushrooms.....    0
A-560-802  Indonesia...........................
A-507-502  Iran................................  In shell pistachios.......................................    1
A-508-602  Israel..............................  Oil country tubular goods.................................    0
A-508-604  Israel..............................  Industrial phosphoric acid................................    1
A-475-059  Italy...............................  Pressure sensitive plastic tape...........................    0
A-475-401  Italy...............................  Brass fire protection products............................    0
A-475-601  Italy...............................  Brass sheet and strip.....................................    0
A-475-703  Italy...............................  Granular polytetrafluoroethylene resin....................    1
A-475-801  Italy...............................  Antifriction bearings.....................................    0
A-475-802  Italy...............................  Industrial belts..........................................    0
A-475-811  Italy...............................  Grain-oriented electrical steel...........................    0
A-475-814  Italy...............................  Seamless line and pressure pipe...........................    0
A-475-816  Italy...............................  Oil country tubular goods.................................    0
A-475-818  Italy...............................  Pasta, certain............................................    0
A-475-820  Italy...............................  Stainless steel wire rod..................................    0
A-588-028  Japan...............................  Roller chain other than bicycle...........................    0
A-588-041  Japan...............................  Methionine, synthetic.....................................    0
A-588-045  Japan...............................  Steel wire rope...........................................    0
A-588-054  Japan...............................  Tapered roller bearing, under 4...........................    1
A-588-056  Japan...............................  Melamine in crystal form..................................    1
A-588-068  Japan...............................  P.C. steel wire strand....................................    1
A-588-401  Japan...............................  Calcium hypochlorite......................................    0
A-588-405  Japan...............................  Cellular mobile telephones and subassemblies..............    1
A-588-602  Japan...............................  Carbon steel butt-weld pipe fittings......................    0
A-588-604  Japan...............................  Tapered roller bearings, over 4...........................    0
A-588-605  Japan...............................  Malleable cast iron pipe fittings.........................    0
A-588-609  Japan...............................  Color picture tubes.......................................    1
A-588-702  Japan...............................  Stainless steel butt-weld pipe fittings...................    0
A-588-703  Japan...............................  Internal combustion and forklift trucks...................    0
A-588-704  Japan...............................  Brass sheet and strip.....................................    0
A-588-706  Japan...............................  Nitrile rubber............................................    0
A-588-707  Japan...............................  Granular polytetrafluoroethylene resin....................    1
A-588-802  Japan...............................  3.5 microdisks and media therefor.........................    0
A-588-804  Japan...............................  Antifriction bearings.....................................    0
A-588-806  Japan...............................  Electrolytic manganese dioxide............................    0
A-588-807  Japan...............................  Industrial belts..........................................    0
A-588-809  Japan...............................  Telephone systems and subassemblies thereof...............    0
A-588-810  Japan...............................  Mechanical transfer presses...............................    0
A-588-811  Japan...............................  Drafting machines and parts thereof.......................    0
A-588-812  Japan...............................  Industrial nitrocellulose.................................    1
A-588-813  Japan...............................  Multiangle laser light scattering instr...................    0
A-588-815  Japan...............................  Gray Portland cement and cement clinker...................    0
A-588-816  Japan...............................  Benzyl P-Hydroxybenzoate (Benzyl paraben).................    0
A-588-823  Japan...............................  Prof electric cutting/sanding/grinding tools..............    0
A-588-826  Japan...............................  Corrosion-resistant carbon steel flat products............    0
A-588-829  Japan...............................  Defrost timers............................................    0
A-588-831  Japan...............................  Grain-oriented electrical steel...........................    0
A-588-833  Japan...............................  Stainless steel bar.......................................    0
A-588-835  Japan...............................  Oil country tubular goods.................................    0
A-588-836  Japan...............................  Polyvinyl alcohol.........................................    0
A-588-837  Japan...............................  Large newspaper printing presses and components...........    0
A-588-838  Japan...............................  Clad steel plate..........................................    0
A-588-840  Japan...............................  Gas Turbo compressors.....................................    0
A-588-843  Japan...............................  Stainless steel wire rod..................................    0
A-834-801  Kazakhstan..........................  Solid Urea................................................    0
A-834-804  Kazakhstan..........................  Ferrosilicon..............................................    0
A-779-602  Kenya...............................  Fresh cut flowers.........................................    0
A-580-507  Korea South.........................  Malleable cast iron pipe fittings.........................    0
A-580-601  Korea South.........................  Top-of-the-stove stnls steel cooking ware.................    0
A-580-603  Korea South.........................  Brass sheet and strip.....................................    0
A-580-605  Korea South.........................  Color Picture tubes.......................................    1
A-580-803  Korea South.........................  Telephone systems and subassemblies thereof...............    0
A-580-805  Korea South.........................  Industrial nitrocellulose.................................    1
A-580-807  Korea South.........................  Polyethlene terephthalate (pet) film......................    0
A-580-809  Korea South.........................  Circular welded non-alloy steel pipe......................    1
A-580-810  Korea South.........................  Welded ASTM A-312 stainless steel pipe....................    1
A-580-811  Korea South.........................  Carbon steel wire rope....................................    0
A-580-812  Korea South.........................  Drams of 1 MEGABIT and above..............................    0
A-580-813  Korea South.........................  Stainless steel butt-weld pipe fittings...................    0
A-580-815  Korea South.........................  Cold-rolled carbon steel flat products....................    0
A-580-816  Korea South.........................  Corrosion-resistant carbon steel flat products............    0
A-580-825  Korea South.........................  Old country tubular goods.................................    0
A-580-829  Korea South.........................  Stainless steel wire rod..................................    0
A-835-801  Kyrgyzstan..........................  Solid urea................................................    0
A-449-801  Latvia..............................  Solid urea................................................    0
A-451-801  Lithuania...........................  solid urea................................................    0
A-557-805  Malaysia............................  Extruded rubber thread....................................    0
A-201-504  Mexico..............................  Porcelain-on-steel cooking ware...........................    1
A-201-601  Mexico..............................  Fresh cut flowers.........................................    0
A-201-802  Mexico..............................  Gray Portland cement and cement clinker...................    1
A-201-805  Mexico..............................  Circular welded non-alloy steel pipe......................    1
A-201-806  Mexico..............................  Carbon steel wire rope....................................    0
A-201-809  Mexico..............................  Cut-to-length carbon steel plate..........................    0
A-201-817  Mexico..............................  Oil country tubular goods.................................    0
A-841-801  Moldova.............................  Solid urea................................................    0

[[Page S7986]]

 
A-421-701  Netherlands.........................  Brass sheet and strip.....................................    0
A-421-804  Netherlands.........................  Cold-rolled carbon steel flat products....................    0
A-421-805  Netherlands.........................  Aramid fiber of PPD-T.....................................    0
A-614-502  New Zealand.........................  Low fuming brazing copper wire and rod....................    0
A-614-801  New Zealand.........................  Fresh kiwifruit...........................................    0
A-403-801  Norway..............................  Fresh and chilled Atlantic salmon.........................    0
A-455-802  Poland..............................  Cut-to-length carbon steel plate..........................    0
A-485-601  Romania.............................  Urea......................................................    0
A-485-602  Romania.............................  Tapered roller bearings...................................    0
A-485-801  Romania.............................  Antifriction bearings.....................................    0
A-485-803  Romania.............................  Cut-to-length carbon steel plate..........................    0
A-821-801  Russia..............................  Solid urea................................................    0
A-821-804  Russia..............................  Ferrosilicon..............................................    0
A-821-805  Russia..............................  Pure magnesium............................................    0
A-821-807  Russia..............................  Ferrovanadium and nitrided vanadium.......................    0
A-559-502  Singapore...........................  Small diameter standard and rectangular pipe and tube.....    1
A-559-601  Singapore...........................  Color picture tubes.......................................    1
A-559-801  Singapore...........................  Antifriction bearings.....................................    0
A-559-802  Singapore...........................  Industrial belts..........................................    0
A-791-502  South Africa........................  Low fuming brazing copper wire and rod....................    0
A-791-802  South Africa........................  Furfuryl alcohol..........................................    0
A-469-007  Spain...............................  Potassium permanganate....................................    0
A-469-803  Spain...............................  Cut-to-length carbon steel plate..........................    0
A-469-805  Spain...............................  Stainless steel bar.......................................    0
A-469-807  Spain...............................  Stainless steel wire rod..................................    0
A-401-040  Sweden..............................  Stainless steel plate.....................................    0
A-401-601  Sweden..............................  Brass sheet and strip.....................................    0
A-401-603  Sweden..............................  Stainless steel hollow products...........................    1
A-401-801  Sweden..............................  Antifriction bearings.....................................    0
A-401-805  Sweden..............................  Cut-to-length carbon steel plate..........................    0
A-401-806  Sweden..............................  stainless steel wire rod..................................    0
A-842-801  Tajikistan..........................  Solid urea................................................    0
A-549-502  Thailand............................  Welded carbon steel pipes and tubes.......................    0
A-549-601  Thailand............................  Malleable cast iron pipe fittings.........................    0
A-549-807  Thailand............................  Carbon steel butt-weld pipe fittings......................    0
A-549-812  Thailand............................  Furfuryl alcohol..........................................    0
A-549-813  Thailand............................  Canned pineapple fruit....................................    0
A-489-501  Turkey..............................  Welded carbon steel pipe and tube.........................    0
A-489-602  Turkey..............................  Aspirin...................................................    1
A-489-805  Turkey..............................  Pasta, certain............................................    0
A-489-807  Turkey..............................  Rebar steel...............................................    0
A-843-801  Turkmenistan........................  Solid urea................................................    0
A-823-801  Ukraine.............................  Solid urea................................................    0
A-823-802  Ukraine.............................  Uranium...................................................    1
A-823-804  Ukraine.............................  Ferrosilicon..............................................    0
A-823-806  Ukraine.............................  Pure magnesium............................................    0
A-412-801  United Kingdom......................  Antifriction bearings.....................................    0
A-412-803  United Kingdom......................  Industrial nitrocellulose.................................    1
A-412-805  United Kingdom......................  Sulfur chemicals..........................................    0
A-412-810  United Kingdom......................  Hot rolled lead/bismuth carbon steel products.............    0
A-412-814  United Kingdom......................  Cut-to-length carbon steel plate..........................    0
A-461-008  USSR................................  Titanium sponge...........................................    1
A-461-601  USSR................................  Solid urea................................................    0
A-844-801  Uzbekistan..........................  Solid urea................................................    0
A-307-805  Venezuela...........................  Circular welded non-alloy steel pipe......................    1
A-307-807  Venezuela...........................  Ferrosilicon..............................................    0
A-479-801  Yugoslavia..........................  Industrial nitrocellulose.................................    1
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