[Congressional Record Volume 145, Number 82 (Thursday, June 10, 1999)]
[Senate]
[Pages S6815-S6821]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                                Y2K ACT

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senate will now resume consideration of S. 
96, which the clerk will report.
  The legislative assistant read as follows:

       A bill (S. 96) to regulate commerce between and among the 
     several States by providing for the orderly resolution of 
     disputes arising out of computer-based problems related to 
     processing data that includes a two-digit expression of the 
     year's date.

  Pending:
       McCain amendment No. 608, in the nature of a substitute.
       Bennett (for Murkowski) amendment No. 612, to require 
     manufacturers receiving notice of a Y2K failure to give 
     priority to notices that involve health and safety related 
     failures.

  Mr. McCAIN. Mr. President, I am pleased with the progress we have 
made thus far on this bill. We have limited the number of remaining 
amendments, and I am hopeful we will be able to reach agreement as to 
time agreements on the remaining amendments so we can conclude 
consideration of this important legislation.
  I am also pleased we have turned back two attempts to emasculate the 
legislation. Those critical votes encouraged me that the Senate will be 
able to pass meaningful and effective legislation regarding the top 
priority issue for the broadest possible cross-section of the Nation's 
economy.
  The ongoing fight between the welfare of the Nation's economy and the 
trial lawyers is going to reach additional crucial votes on amendments 
today and in final passage. Over the past few weeks, I have waited to 
hear rational, logical reasons for defeating this legislation or for 
gutting it with more compromises. I have heard none.
  S. 96, with the substitute amendment offered, represents a reasonable 
and effective means of addressing this important issue. It represents a 
significant compromise from the version of S. 96 which passed out of 
the Commerce Committee, and even greater departure from H.R. 775 which 
was recently passed by the other body. It truly incorporates bipartisan 
discussion, negotiation, and compromise. While ensuring it is not mere 
window dressing or mirage, there is nothing in this bill which should 
be objectionable to any of my colleagues who truly want a solution to 
the Y2K problem rather than an excuse to protect the litigation 
industry. This matter is of utmost importance to the broadest cross-
section of American commerce imaginable. Accounting, banking, 
insurance, energy, utilities, retail, wholesale, high tech, large and 
small, all support this effort to prevent and remedy Y2K problems and 
to avoid a disastrous litigation quagmire. They are unanimous and 
steadfast in their support for S. 96 with the Wyden and Dodd 
agreements.

  As opponents, we have the trial lawyers, a cost center in our 
economy. The interests of the trial lawyers are clearly to assure a 
continued income stream from Y2K litigation. I have been told that over 
500 law firms have established practice specialties to handle

[[Page S6816]]

Y2K litigation. Many of these firms are reportedly touring the country 
dredging for clients. Opportunistic legislation costs the economy 
money, time, and resources which then cannot be expended on value-added 
productivity.
  As I have stated several times during this debate, the cost of 
solving the Y2K problem is staggering. Experts have estimated that 
businesses in the United States alone will spend $50 billion in fixing 
affected computers, products, and systems. But what experts have also 
concluded is that the real problems in costs associated with Y2K may 
not be the January 1 failures but the lawsuits filed to create problems 
where none exist.
  An article in USA Today on April 28 by Kevin Maney sums it up. I 
quote:

       Experts have increasingly been saying the Y2K problem won't 
     be so bad, at least relative to the catastrophe once 
     predicted. Companies and governments have worked hard to fix 
     the bug. Y2K-related breakdowns expected by now have been 
     mild to nonexistent. For the lawyers, this could be like 
     training for the Olympics, then having the games called off. 
     The concern, though, is that this species of Y2K lawyer has 
     proliferated and now it's got to eat something. If there 
     aren't enough legitimate cases to go around, they may dig 
     their teeth into anything. In other words, lawyers might make 
     sure Y2K is really bad even if it's not.

  I am looking forward to continued debate on the merits of this bill 
with those who do object to it. I look forward to voting on other 
amendments and bringing this critical legislation to a successful 
conclusion.
  I believe the two votes we took yesterday, one on the Kerry amendment 
and one on the Leahy amendment, clearly indicate the position of the 
significant majority of this body, because those two were very critical 
amendments. Both of them would have had a significant effect on this 
legislation--obviously, in my view, a significant weakening effect.
  I thought the debate we had yesterday, especially with the Senator 
from Massachusetts but also with others, was a very important and 
valuable debate and contributed to the knowledge and information of all 
Members of the Senate. We intend very soon to propose a couple of 
amendments that have been agreed to by both sides, but at this time, 
with the absence of the minority in the Chamber, we will wait for that 
to happen.
  I want to quote from a statement of ``Administration Policy'' 
concerning this legislation.

       The administration strongly opposes S. 96 as reported by 
     the Commerce Committee, as well as the amendment intended to 
     be proposed by Senators McCain and Wyden as a substitute. The 
     administration's overriding concern is that S. 96 is amended 
     by the McCain-Wyden amendment . . .

  Actually, it is McCain-Wyden-Dodd--

     . . . will not enhance readiness, and may in fact decrease 
     the incentives organizations have to be ready to assist 
     customers and business partners to be ready for the 
     transition of the next century. This measure would protect 
     defendants in Y2K actions by capping punitive damages and by 
     limiting the extent of their liability to their proportional 
     share of damages, but would not link these benefits to those 
     defendants' efforts to solve their customers Y2K problems 
     now. As a result, S. 96 would reduce the liability these 
     defendants may face, even if they do nothing, and accordingly 
     undermine their incentives to act now when the damage due to 
     Y2K failures can still be averted or minimized.

  I have to admit, as a member of the opposition, that I have seen some 
fairly tortured logic associated with messages of veto threats by the 
administration. I am not sure I have ever seen such tortured logic as 
is embodied in this particular paragraph I just described.
  One of the fundamental facts that has been ignored--obviously must 
have been ignored in this message from the Executive Office of the 
President, OMB--is that these companies and corporations that are all 
supporting this legislation are both plaintiffs and defendants. In 
other words, many of these companies will be bringing suit themselves 
or seeking to have others fix their Y2K problems and may bring it to 
court if that is not the case.
  When we are talking about this legislation, at least according to the 
administration, S. 96 would reduce the liability these defendants face, 
even if they do nothing, and accordingly undermine their incentives to 
act now. One would have to have one's curiosity aroused as to why 
people who are prospective plaintiffs would limit their ability 
willingly to seek redress and to repair any problems associated with 
their business.
  From the Clinton administration there is a ``Background Paper'' from 
PPI, the Progressive Policy Institute, entitled ``Avoiding the Y2K 
Lawsuit Frenzy, Ensuring Y2K Liability Fairness.'' I would like to 
quote from that. The authors are Robert Atkinson and Joseph Ward.

       While the Clinton Administration has voiced support for 
     some of the broad goals found in these bills, it has 
     expressed serious reservations about certain provisions, in 
     part on the grounds that their scope is unprecedented and 
     that it is not fair to limit liability for firms in this or 
     any circumstance. As discussed below, some of its concerns 
     should be addressed in revised legislative language, but the 
     overall concept of a fair liability regime is still very 
     necessary in this case. It is important to recognize that the 
     Year 2000 is a one-time event that appropriately deserves a 
     one-time solution.

  That seems to have been ignored by the administration. In three 
years, this legislation sunsets. Then we go back. No matter how zealous 
an advocate I happen to be for raw tort reform and product liability 
reform, the fact is that this legislation will be over 3 years from 
now.

       The goal of public policy in cases like this should be the 
     side of innovation and economic growth, and not on the side 
     of predatory legal practices that seek to harvest the fruits 
     of others' labor. In this regard, the bills mentioned above 
     are similar to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act 
     that the Progressive Policy Institute (PPI) supported in 
     1995, which sought to reduce litigation that would harm 
     economic growth or raise the cost of goods and services for 
     most Americans. However, while PPI believes that some Y2K 
     liability-limiting legislation is needed and that these bills 
     provide a useful framework for action, there are certain 
     aspects in each of the bills that appear to err too far in 
     favor of potential defendants. In particular, it appears that 
     some of the restrictions on who can recover both punitive 
     damages and compensatory damages for economic loss may 
     exclude individuals who suffer losses resulting from a 
     defendant's reckless disregard or fraudulent behavior. In 
     order to ensure that effective liability-limiting legislation 
     passes Congress with required bipartisan support, both sides 
     of the aisle should work together to responsibly and fairly 
     address these issues.

  Which we did address, thanks to Senator Wyden and Senator Dodd.
  They:

       Encourage remediation over litigation and the assignment of 
     blame;
       Enact fair rules that reassure businesses that honest 
     efforts at remediation will be rewarded by limiting 
     liability, while enforcing contracts and punishing 
     negligence;
       Promote Alternative Dispute Resolution; and
       Discourage frivolous lawsuits while protecting avenues of 
     redress for parties that suffer real injuries.

  Clearly, thanks to not just the original legislation but the changes 
that we gladly accepted from Senator Wyden and Senator Dodd, we have 
addressed those concerns.
  They go on to say:

       The effects of abusive litigation could be further curbed 
     by restricting the award of punitive damages. Punitive 
     damages are meant to punish poor behavior and discourage it 
     in the future.

  Everybody knows we will not have this problem again.

       However, because this is a one-time event, the only thing 
     deterred by excessive punitive damages in Y2K cases would be 
     remediation efforts by businesses.
       Except in cases of personal injury, punitive damages should 
     be awarded only if the plaintiff proves by clear and 
     convincing evidence that the defendant knowingly acted with 
     ``reckless disregard.''

  Except in cases of personal injury, punitive damages should be 
awarded only if the plaintiff proves by clear and convincing evidence 
that the defendant knowingly acted with reckless disregard.

       In his last State of the Union Address, President Clinton 
     urged Congress to find solutions that would make the Y2K 
     problem the last headache of the 20th century, rather than 
     the first crisis of the 21st. Year 2000 liability legislation 
     needs to be a part of that effort. By promoting Y2K 
     remediation rather than unsubstantial and burdensome 
     litigation, we can begin the next millennium focused on 
     continuing this period of unprecedented economic growth, 
     instead of unproductively squabbling over the errors of the 
     past.

  I want to point out again that already we are seeing a significant 
drain on our economy just fixing these problems associated with Y2K. 
Later on I will include in the Record some of the expenses that a 
number of major corporations and small businesses have already been 
required to expend that otherwise could have been spent on far

[[Page S6817]]

more productive and beneficial efforts, such as research and 
development, et cetera.
  But if we add this burden, I am convinced, as are most economists, 
that we can have a definite deadening effect on this unprecedented 
economic prosperity we are experiencing thanks to the very nature of 
what we are trying to fix. Had it not been for this incredible 
information technology revolution we are going through, I know we would 
not be in this period of unprecedented economic prosperity. That is why 
I think this legislation is so important. I think in some respects you 
could rank this legislation among the most important that the Congress 
will address this year.
  Again, I thank my friend, Senator Wyden, and others on the other side 
of the aisle for joining together so we could obtain a significant 
majority that I believe will now give us room for optimism that we can 
pass this legislation today or, at the latest, early next week.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Oregon.
  Mr. WYDEN. Thank you, Mr. President.
  I would like to pick up on a couple of points made by Chairman 
McCain, and particularly on this matter of tackling the issue in a 
bipartisan way.
  Certainly, when a consumer business gets flattened early in the next 
century as a result of a Y2K failure, they are not going to ask, is it 
a Democratic failure or a Republican failure? They are going to say: I 
have a problem. What is being done to fix it?
  The central point we have been trying to make--Chairman McCain, and 
Senator Dodd, who is the Democratic leader of the Y2K effort, and I--is 
that we have spent many weeks trying to tackle this in a bipartisan 
way.
  The fact of the matter is that when the bill came out of the Senate 
Commerce Committee, we were not at that time able to come before the 
Senate and say we did in fact have a bipartisan bill.
  As a result of the negotiations that have taken place for many weeks 
now--led by Senator Dodd, our leader, Senator Feinstein of California 
who has great expertise in this matter, and a variety of Democrats--we 
have now a bill that has 11 major changes that assist consumers and 
plaintiffs in getting a fair shake with respect to any litigation which 
may develop early in the next century.
  These were all areas where a number of Members on the Democratic side 
of the aisle thought that the original Senate Commerce Committee bill 
came up short. We went to Chairman McCain, and we said we would like to 
get a good bill; we would like to get a bill the President of the 
United States could sign; we would like to get a bipartisan bill.
  We said we had a few bottom lines. One of them was that we were not 
going to change jurisprudence for all time; this was going to be a 
time-limited bill. Chairman McCain agreed to our request that this last 
for 36 months. This is a sunsetted piece of legislation. We insisted 
this bill not apply to anybody who suffers a personal injury as a 
result of a Y2K failure. If you are in an elevator or you suffer some 
other kind of grievous bodily injury as a result of a Y2K failure, all 
existing tort remedies apply.
  We took out all the vague defenses that some people in the business 
community earlier thought were important. We said we are not going to 
give somebody protection if they just say they made a reasonable effort 
to go to bat for a plaintiff or the consumer.
  Those 11 major changes were made to try to be responsive to what the 
White House and a variety of consumer groups feel strongly about.
  Frankly, the area I am most interested in, in public policy, is 
consumer rights. I started with the Gray Panthers. I was director of 
the Gray Panthers for 7 years before I was elected to the House of 
Representatives, making sure that consumers got a fair shake and that 
the little guy was in a position, if they got stuck in the marketplace, 
to have remedies. That is at the heart of my public service career.
  I believe this is a balanced bill. This forces defendants to go out 
and cure problems for which they have been responsible. It also tells 
plaintiffs we would like them to mitigate damages; we would like them 
to figure out ways to hold down the cost; we should direct as much as 
we possibly can to alternative dispute systems. Picking up on the theme 
of Chairman McCain, that is a bipartisan proposition. I think we have 
been responsive to key concerns that have been made by those with 
reservations about this bill.
  There are some areas where we cannot go. I will emphasize as we move 
to today's debate a couple of those big concerns. We cannot allow under 
our legislation the creation of new Y2K torts that are not warranted on 
the basis of the facts. We believe, in areas like the economic loss 
issue which was debated so intensely yesterday, that the appropriate 
remedies involve State contract law. When consumers are faced with 
economic losses, we want to see them get a fair shake in this area, and 
we believe State contract law should govern.
  What we are not able to do is allow those who believe State contract 
law is inadequate with respect to economic losses, we cannot support 
them repackaging those claims as new Y2K torts. We favor the status 
quo. With respect to economic losses, we want to see consumers 
protected in the right of contract. However, this Member of the Senate 
thinks it would be a big mistake to create on the floor of the Senate 
today and in the days ahead new Y2K torts, new tort claims, that don't 
exist today under current law.

  I am very hopeful that we are able to finish this legislation today. 
It is bipartisan legislation now as a result of the 11 changes that 
have been made. I am very hopeful the White House will not veto this 
legislation. I have said repeatedly that to veto a responsible bill is 
just like lobbing a monkey wrench into the technology engine that is 
driving the Nation's prosperity. That is what is going to be the real 
effect of vetoing a responsible bill in this area.
  We continue to remain open to ideas and suggestions from colleagues. 
We want this bill signed. We have made, as I say, 11 major changes 
since this bill left the Senate Commerce Committee on a bipartisan 
basis under the leadership of Senator Dodd, who is the Democratic 
leader on the Y2K issue. There are areas where we cannot go, such as 
the creation of new Y2K torts in this area.
  I look forward to today's debate and am anxious to continue to work 
with colleagues in a bipartisan way. I am very optimistic that the bill 
the Senate hopefully will pass today will get the support of the White 
House.
  I yield the floor.


                     Amendment No. 612, As Modified

  Mr. McCAIN. Mr. President, on behalf of Senator Murkowski, I send a 
modification to amendment No. 612.
  It is my understanding this amendment is acceptable to both sides.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the amendment will be so 
modified.
  The amendment (No. 612), as modified, is as follows:
       Section 7(c) of the bill is amended by adding at the end 
     the following:
       (5) Priority.--A prospective defendant receiving more than 
     1 notice under this section may give priority to notices with 
     respect to a product or service that involves a health or 
     safety related Y2K failure.

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to the amendment.
  The amendment (No. 612), as modified, was agreed to.
  Mr. McCAIN. I move to reconsider the vote.
  Mr. HOLLINGS. I move to table the motion.
  The motion to lay on the table was agreed to.
  Mr. McCAIN. I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The legislative assistant proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Gregg). Without objection, it is so 
ordered.
  Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, there is no question that the 
distinguished Senator from Connecticut, Mr. Dodd, and the distinguished 
Senator from Utah, Mr. Bennett, have done yeomen work in alerting the 
land with respect to the potential Y2K changeover as of January 1, 
2000. Pursuant to their diligent work, we have had hearings in

[[Page S6818]]

several of the committees. We have had laws passed now that allowed the 
parties to communicate with each other without fear of antitrust 
violations so they could go ahead and work to make sure that everyone 
was Y2K compliant.
  I only came to the floor just momentarily, hearing about predatory 
law exercises, exercises of predatory law practices and otherwise you 
get what you get under the contract. The atmosphere or environment is 
totally out of sorts. We are hearing about a litigious society. The 
distinguished Senator from Connecticut again and again said, and I 
noted the expressions I was looking for in the morning Record: 
``running to the courthouse,'' ``race to the courthouse,'' ``rushing to 
the courthouse,'' on and on. Again: ``shopping around to find someone 
with deep pockets,'' ``glitches.''
  I have a glitch on my computer right now, and I know they have deep 
pockets, but I am not rushing to the courthouse. People who have 
computers want to do business. They rely on the computers for the 
procedures and the progress of their interests. Having practiced law 
actively in the courtroom for 20 years, I can tell you nobody rushes to 
the courthouse. Try a rush beginning this afternoon and you will find 
yourself standing in line. All the civil dockets and criminal dockets 
are full.
  This panorama and environment painted by the proponents of this 
legislation is all out of sorts with reality. Tort claims are down. All 
the surveys we have had at the hearings show that tort claims are down. 
It is a litigious society. Everybody is suing everybody for sex 
discrimination or age discrimination or racial discrimination and 
various other suits that were unheard of 30 years ago and are now 
abundant on the docket. But with respect to claims, tort claims, if 
this afternoon I brought a summons and complaint on behalf of my 
distinguished chairman, I would be lucky if I could get to the 
courthouse during the year 1999. That is the reality.
  Incidentally, the cases they talk about--litigious, frivolous cases 
and spurious charges and those kinds of things--and trial lawyers, they 
try to fit trial lawyers in there like they prey; ``predatory'' is the 
word used by my chairman. Trial lawyers have no time for fanciful or 
spurious claims whatsoever. They know when they get the client, the 
client does not have any money for billable hours. On the contrary, the 
client principally has to rely on the lawyer's faith in the claim of 
the client in order to take care of all the charges, all the expenses 
of interrogatories, discovery, the pleadings, the filings, the motions, 
the trial itself. And when you come to verdicts, mind you me, those who 
bring the claim have to get all 12 jurors by a greater weight or the 
preponderance of the evidence making that finding; 11 to 1 is a 
mistrial. So you have to get all 12 and you have to be sure there is no 
error within the trial.
  All along, the expenses are taken care of. That is what nonpluses 
this particular individual Senator, in the sense I am surrounded here 
in the District of Columbia with 60,000 billable hour boys running 
around talking about ``litigious society,'' ``predatory practices,'' 
``rushing to the courthouse,'' ``racing to the court,'' ``running to 
the courthouse,'' ``shopping around.'' Here is 59,000 lawyers 
registered to practice in the District of Columbia who will never see a 
courthouse. They will see a Congress. They will see you and me, the 
jurors. We are supposed to be fixed, so they work on fixing juries and 
running around spreading rumors and doing a favor here and getting a 
favor there. So that is the real world we live in.
  But to paint this legislation as doing away with predatory practices 
and racing to the courthouse and running to the courthouse? You have a 
$10,000 or $20,000 computer, if you are a doctor and you have a 
computer, and you want it fixed. You do not want a trial. They have 
made it so you are bound to go out of business and not get a lawyer, if 
you cannot get any damages, economic damages.
  The distinguished Senator from Oregon, again and again and again, 
says: Get what the contract says, get what the contract says, billable 
hours, get what the contract says. If you go buy a computer and get a 
warranty--and that is the contract--it is only for a certain period of 
time and everybody reads that warranty quick. Who says anything about 
economic damages? It will say something about a sound article for a 
sound price and they will give you some repairs after you stand in 
line, and so forth. But with respect to your standing in line and 
waiting, under this bill for 90 days, you are broke. You are out of 
business. You are closed down. You have lost your customers. This is a 
fast-moving world in which we live and small business, with all the 
competition, does not have in-house counsel on retainer, on billable 
hours, just as all the computer companies do that are force-feeding 
this particular measure.
  That is why the Senator from South Carolina gets annoyed with the 
entire thrust of the measure.
  With respect to its needs, let's go to the record. Under the 
Securities and Exchange Commission, all publicly listed companies, 
through their 10(k) reports to the SEC, give notice to the stockholders 
of the state of readiness, the worst case scenario, or the risk 
involved, the contingency plans to comply with any potential Y2K 
problem, and the cost. Many of them, most all of them--I do not know 
any privately. I talked with the gentleman from Yahoo. Four years ago, 
he was a Stanford student, and now he is well along the way. I admire 
him because, unlike AOL, America Online, that everybody is hugging and 
loving around here, dining and wining and traveling out to Virginia, 
Yahoo does not charge. America Online is trying for a monopoly. The 
cable folks have around 300,000 to 400,000; America Online has 17 
million, and their push for openness, openness, openness means: Let me 
make sure I retain my monopoly.
  In any event, all of these are publicly held companies and they are 
burdened with that duty, and this has been going on. We act like 
everything with Y2K is going to happen tomorrow. The bill gives them 90 
days. We are going to give them 180 days. Tell them to go ahead and fix 
it. Call up everybody now; test it; find out if it is Y2K compliant.
  I look forward to meeting some of these company people later today. 
Cisco Systems, as of December 1998, a year and a half ago: Current 
products are largely compliant in their 10(k) report to the SEC.
  Yes, here it is. Dell Computer. Here is a distinguished gentleman who 
has made a tremendous success. He deserves every bit of credit. I am 
not talking in a cursory or derogatory fashion. I am talking in an 
admiring fashion. I love success and particularly business success. I 
give him every bit of respect. Dell Computer, as of December 14, 1998, 
in their report: All products shipped since January 1997 are Y2K 
certified, I say to the Senator from Oregon. I want him to hear that. 
We have it here. Dell Computer, one of the best, as of December 14, 
1998, all products shipped since January 1997 are Y2K certified.
  General Electric: A complete analysis of the microprocesses; Y2K 
compliant as of November 12, 1998.
  Intel Corporation: The company has assessed the ability of its 
products to handle the Y2K issue and developed the list, published it 
and support follows. As of November 10, 1998, they will be in 
compliance. Deployment, integration tested, will be completed by mid-
1999.
  I do not have their mid-1999 report, but that is what they reported 
to their stockholders. That is where lawyers look at these things.
  Incidentally, this Senator voted for the Securities and Exchange 
Commission reform with respect to the excessive reading of these 
filings and bringing any and every charge as a result of 10(k) filings. 
We did not want to require the filing and just lay the groundwork for 
predatory legal practices. I helped the distinguished Senator, Nancy 
Kassebaum, pass the airplane tort liability bill. I have been on both 
sides of this fence. But they have me categorized, and I love it.
  The truth is, Yahoo systems are currently Y2K compliant in all 
respects. That is February 26, 1999.
  Even writing a book with respect to this is very interesting. The 
book, to be published later on this summer, by Eamonn Fingleton, is 
``In Praise of Hard Industries.'' I quote from page 65:

       A major part of the problem is that corporate America's top 
     executives have not been monitoring their information 
     technology departments as closely as they should. As Paul A. 
     Strassmann has pointed

[[Page S6819]]

     out, the millennium problem, for instance, is stunning 
     evidence of ``managerial laxity.'' In his book, The 
     Squandered Computer, Strassmann comments: ``There is 
     absolutely no justification for allowing this condition to 
     burst to executive attention at this late stage.''
       According to Strassmann, a former chief information officer 
     of Xerox Corporation, the computer software industry should 
     have started getting ready for the new millennium by the 
     early 1970s, if not the mid-1960s. He gives short shrift to 
     the software industry's excuse that the millennium bug arose 
     because programmers were legitimately concerned about 
     economizing on computer space. He maintains that such 
     economizing was justifiable only in the very earliest days of 
     computerization, the era of punched cards, which ended in the 
     mid-1960s. ``The insistence on retaining for more than thirty 
     years a calendar recording system that everyone knew would 
     fail after December 31, 1999, is inexcusable management.''

  There you go. Here they come up with Chicken Little, the sky is 
falling, predatory law practice, racing to, running to the courthouse, 
whoopee to the courthouse, a total fanciful background that does not 
exist.
  Let me come up to date. What is this? I never have read it before, 
but I learn. The May 1999 issue of Institutional Investors. This crowd 
does nothing but make money and sit around and punch. The article, on 
page 31, ``Y2K? Why not?''.
  Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that article be printed in the 
Record.
  There being no objection, the article was ordered to be printed in 
the Record, as follows:

                             Y2K? Why Not?

       The millennium draws near, with no shortage of dire 
     prognostications. The Y2K computer bug, depending on which 
     Cassandra is consulted, may bring widespread power outages, 
     transportation foul-ups, even economic hardship. Duetsche 
     Bank Securities chief economist Edward Yardeni, for example, 
     believes there's a 70 percent chance that a recession--most 
     likely severe and yearlong--will hit in 2000, all because so 
     many computers will, at the stroke of midnight, think they're 
     entering the 20th century.
       These worries notwithstanding, most U.S. companies appear 
     to believe they have the Y2K problem licked. A resounding 
     88.1 percent of the chief financial officers responding to 
     this month's CFO Forum expect that their companies will make 
     the transition to the next century without any computer 
     problems. Just as important, CFOs know that outside contacts 
     must be ready as well, and 95.2 percent say they have worked 
     with suppliers to that end. Nearly 73 percent of respondents 
     are convinced that their suppliers and clients will be 
     prepared for the year 2000; only 4.8 percent worry that 
     suppliers or clients won't be ready.
       Such is the CFO's confidence that 62.7 percent of 
     respondents believe that fears of a millennial computer 
     crisis are overblown. And as for those predictions of 
     economic recession, not a single CFO responding to the survey 
     agrees. Admits economist Yardeni, ``I seem to be the only one 
     on this planet who thinks we'll have any chance of a 
     recession, let alone a severe one.'' He suspects that CFOs 
     are relying too much on their tech departments' reassurances. 
     ``I wish there was more verification of these happy tales the 
     CFOs are reporting.''
       Time will tell.
       Do you feel your company's internal computer systems are 
     prepared to make the year-2000 transition without problems?
       Yes: 88.1%
       No: 6.0%
       Not sure: 6.0%

       Have you done a dry run of your computer systems for the 
     year-2000 transition?
       Yes: 80.2%
       No: 19.8%

       If yes, how did they fare?
       No problems: 12.1%
       Few problems: 86.4%
       Major problems: 1.5%

       What have you done to prepare for the year-2000 transition?
       Tested all systems: 87.3%
       Rewrote computer code: 81.9%
       Hired consultants: 75.9%
       Bought new software: 86.7%
       Bought new hardware: 74.7%
       Worked with suppliers to ensure preparedness: 95.2%
       Alerted customers to your preparations: 81.9%
       Informed the Securities and Exchange Commission of your 
         actions: 62.7%
       Solicited legal advice: 47.0%

       Do you think most of your company's suppliers or clients 
     will make the year-2000 transition without trouble?
       Yes: 72.6%
       No: 4.8%
       Not sure: 22.6%

       What parts of your financial operations are vulnerable to 
     year-2000 problems?
       Billing and payment systems: 66.0%
       Accounting and financial reporting: 58.5%
       Cash management: 60.4%
       Foreign exchange: 22.6%
       Pension management: 34.0%
       Payment to bondholders or shareholders: 13.2%
       Risk management: 20.8%
       Corporate growth and acquisitions: 13.2%
       Capital-raising plans: 5.7%

       How much money has your company spent preparing for the 
     year-2000 transition?
       Less than $500,000: 11.0%
       $500,000 to $999,999: 6.1%
       $1 million to $2.49 million: 4.9%
       $2.5 million to $4.9 million: 20.7%
       $5 million to $9.9 million: 12.2%
       $10 million to $14.9 million: 8.5%
       $15 million to $19.9 million: 4.9%
       $20 million to $29.9 million: 11.0%
       $30 million to $50 million: 11.0%
       More than $50 million: 9.8%

       Did the cost of preparing for the year-2000 transition have 
     a material impact on your company's business or financial 
     performance in 1998?
       Yes: 16.9%
       No: 83.1%

       Do you expect it to have a material impact in 1999?
       Yes: 10.8%
       No: 85.5%
       Don't know: 3.6%

       Do you expect Y2K transition problems to have a material 
     impact on your company's business or financial performance 
     next year?
       Yes: 3.6%
       No: 89.2%
       Don't know: 7.2%

       Do you think the fears of a year-2000 crisis are overblown?
       Yes: 62.7%
       No: 21.7%
       Don't know: 15.7%

       What effect do you think year-2000 transition problems will 
     have on U.S. business and the U.S. economy overall?
       Relatively no effect: 14.3%
       A few weeks of headaches: 44.2%
       A few months of headaches: 37.7%
       A minor drop in GDP: 3.9%
       A major drop in GDP: 0.0%
       Economic recession: 0.0%

       The results of CFO Forum are based on quarterly surveys of 
     a universe of 1,600 chief financial officers. Because of 
     rounding, responses may not total 100 percent.

  Mr. HOLLINGS. I thank the Presiding Officer.

       These worries notwithstanding, most U.S. companies appear 
     to believe they have the Y2K problem licked. A resounding 
     88.1 percent of the chief financial officers responding to 
     this month's CFO Forum expect that their companies will make 
     the transition to the next century without any computer 
     problems. Just as important, CFOs know that outside contacts 
     must be ready as well, and 95.2 percent say they have worked 
     with suppliers to that end. Nearly 73 percent of the 
     respondents are convinced that their suppliers and clients 
     will be prepared for the year 2000; only 4.8 percent worry 
     that suppliers or clients won't be ready.

  Now we are going to change 200 years of tort law for 4.8 percent that 
still have 180 days, and the law does not give them but 90. So they 
must think something can happen in 90 days. We can double that. You 
like 90; I give you 180. Start right now. You don't have to do that. 
The market will take care of it, as Business Week says it is doing.
  I quote further:

       Such is the CFOs' confidence that 62.7 percent of 
     respondents believe that failures of a millennial computer 
     crisis are overblown. And as for those predictions of 
     economic recession, not a single CFO responding to the survey 
     agrees.

  This prediction had been made some months back, last year sometime by 
Yardeni, a respected economist. I remember the gentleman because I was 
at the hearings when he used to be with Chase Manhattan. He talked that 
it could even cause a recession.

       Not a single CFO responding to the survey agrees with that. 
     Admits economist Yardeni, ``I seem to be the only one on this 
     planet who thinks we'll have any chance of a recession, let 
     alone a severe one.''

  Tell Yardeni to come to the Congress. The majority around here knows 
we are going to have a recession--predatory practices, racing to the 
courthouse. There would just be a jam to get the business.
  I quote:

       He suspects that CFOs are relying too much on their tech 
     departments' reassurances. ``I wish there was more 
     verification of these happy tales * * *.''
       Time will tell.

  Here is the question that is printed in the particular article:

       Do you feel your company's internal computer systems are 
     prepared to make the year-2000 transition without problems?

  The answer is: 88.1 percent said yes; 6 percent said no.
  Next question:

       Have you done a dry run of your computer systems for the 
     year-2000 transition?

  The answer is: 80.2 percent said yes; 19.8, no.
  So four-fifths have already been testing as a result of the fine work 
by the Senator from Utah and the Senator

[[Page S6820]]

from Connecticut and, of course, our distinguished Senator on the 
Judiciary Committee, Chairman Hatch, and Senator Leahy of Vermont.
  Then you go down there:
  What have you done?
  They have all kinds of things down here: 86 percent bought new 
software. You see Dell and Intel and everybody else, they are 
certifying that when the purchase is made, this is Y2K compliant. 
Business is business. They cannot be playing around with monkey shines 
waiting on politicians in Washington to change the tort law. They have 
good sense. That is why they are successful.

       Do you expect the Y2K transition problems to have a 
     material impact on your company's business or financial 
     performance next year?

  The answer: 3.6 percent said yes; 89.2 percent said no.

       Do you think the fears of a year-2000 crisis are overblown 
     [in the business world]?

  They give you a long list. You know how chambers of commerce work. 
They are stupid enough, by gosh, to give me a medal this year for last 
year when they are opposing me in the election. So don't tell me about 
the Chamber of Commerce. You are looking at the fellow with the 
Enterprise Award from the National Chamber of Commerce. But last year I 
got the stinkbomb. I can tell you that right now.
  They send around letters and leaches and everything that I was 
terrible for business. So don't listen to all the letters about all of 
those places. None of those State chambers of commerce is complaining. 
I notice they got one from South Carolina. They don't know from sic'em 
down there about Y2K. That is one place.
  You don't have to worry about what the State of North Carolina does. 
They will be ready come next month. They had a recent article--just 
yesterday morning; I should have brought that to the floor--that they 
are all in shape and ready to go. But for all the cases, the best I 
have heard, as my distinguished chairman mentioned, 80 cases--I have 
not been able to find that. The best authority has said that is mixed 
in with some other cases.
  The most recent information--and brought right up to date --is the 
letter a month ago by Ronald Weikers who appeared before our committee, 
an attorney at law. Let me qualify him. The gentleman says here in this 
letter:

       I have studied the Y2K problem carefully from the legal 
     perspective, and have written a book entitled ``Litigating 
     Year 2000 Cases'', which will be published by West Group in 
     June. I frequently write and speak about the subject. I do 
     not represent any clients that have an interest in the 
     passage or defeat of any proposed Y2K legislation. Feel free 
     to call me, should you have any questions.

  He starts off the letter:

       Thank you for speaking with me earlier. Thirteen (13) of 
     the 44 Y2K lawsuits--

  This is as of April 26--

     Thirteen (13) of the 44 Y2K lawsuits that have been filed to 
     date have been dismissed entirely or almost entirely.

  There is a court system, undescribed, or improperly described, by 
Senators on the floor of the Senate. The court generally does not have 
stumblebums just sitting up there and all rushing to the courtroom: Let 
me give you 12 people, and here is your money, and let's go. They test 
the truth of all the allegations, and even agreeing with all your 
allegations, you still do not have a case in court.
  Thirteen of them have already been dismissed.
  Twelve (12) cases have been settled for moderate sums or for no 
money.
  They are not deep-pocket cases.

       The legal system is weeding out frivolous claims, and Y2K 
     legislation is therefore unnecessary.
       Thirty-five (35) cases have been filed on behalf of 
     corporate entities, such as health care providers, retailers, 
     manufacturers, service providers and more. Nine (9) cases 
     have been filed on behalf of individuals. This trend will 
     continue. Thus, the same corporations that are lobbying 
     for Y2K legislation may be limiting their own rights to 
     recover remediation costs or damages.

  That is signed by Ronald N. Weikers. We asked yesterday, and he has 
updated the 44 to 50. He has added six more since that time, which we 
have here for the record.
  So there is all the law and the Securities and Exchange Commission 
requiring that you notify your stockholders about any and all problems, 
and what are you doing about it, and the potential costs. And there is 
all of the debate in Congress, and the special law passed this year, 
and everything else like that.
  Those who usually are on the side of corporate America--even the 
Washington Post says let's not just be jumping around passing laws. 
That is the most irritating thing. I cannot get anything done with the 
budget. Here we are spending over $200 billion more than we are taking 
in, and everybody is talking about: The surplus, the surplus, the 
surplus. It is not just the $127 billion from Social Security, it is 
the money from the Senators' retirement fund, the civil service 
retirement fund, the military retirees, the highway trust fund, the 
airport trust fund, the Federal Financing Bank. Medicare moneys are 
being used for Kosovo. Think of that, Senators.
  But everybody is talking about whether we are going to have a 
spending cut or spending increase or tax cut because of the fat 
surpluses. I hope they will bring that thing up. I cannot get anything 
done about that. I can't get anything done about campaign finance. I 
was here when we passed it in 1974, 25 years ago. It was a good law. It 
did away with soft money, no cash, everything on top of the table, and 
limited spending in elections. Senator Thurmond and I could have had 
about 670,000 registered voters. Let's double it to 1\1/2\ million, 2 
million. I just had to spend $5.5 million to come back here and make 
this talk.
  I can tell you here and now, this thing is outrageous, because I am 
spending all my time racing around the country. Talk about small 
business. Raise in a year and a half to 2 years 5\1/2\ million with 
shares of stock in general at $100 a share. That is a pretty good 
business. Don't tell this politician about small business. I am a small 
businessman. We had to raise that money, but it is a disgrace.
  We can't get anything done. Fortunately, I supported McCain-Feingold. 
Senator McCain now has joined me on my constitutional amendment, one 
line: The Congress is hereby empowered to regulate or control spending 
in Federal elections. In fact, the States like it so much we added the 
States are able to control spending in State elections. Thereby, we 
immediately go back and we make constitutional the original act, or 
whatever they want to do. It doesn't disturb McCain-Feingold. We can 
still proceed with that and not hear the argument of the Senator from 
Kentucky about whether it is issue oriented or candidate oriented. All 
that is subjective. We will know, once we pass McCain-Feingold, it is 
constitutional; that we hadn't wasted time.
  That is what I want. Just give the Congress its will to get rid of 
this cancer on the body politic. We can't get that done.
  You can't get anything for the Patients' Bill of Rights. You can't 
get anything for the ultimate solution to Social Security. You can't 
get anything done about anything, but they come up with a nonproblem 
that everybody, corporate America and everybody else, says, look, we 
have been moving on. We have cut off our suppliers and everything else 
of that kind. Then you come to the floor with the overreach.
  Well, last year we protected the consumers, and yesterday afternoon 
we said no protection for the consumers. They said they won't get a 
lawyer. I can guarantee you, they won't get a good lawyer. A lawyer who 
is really working for a living would say: Wait a minute, businessman. 
You come in here, you have to wait. You came in too quick. You have to 
wait 90 days before you really come in and get anything done.
  In the meantime, they have been given notice so they are hiding all 
the records. They learned something from Rosemary Woods and President 
Nixon, I can tell you that. So the records are not around. They have 
cleaned up their records. So they know.
  Otherwise, having waited that time, then you have to file; then you 
have to get in line. You are waiting another year. Who is the lawyer 
who is going to carry those expenses? He has other work to do.
  So they are not going to be bringing any cases. You are not going to 
be able to get a lawyer with this bill. That is what is going to 
prevent you from getting a lawyer, because there is no economic damage. 
The economic damage, the real loss is not the $10,000 for the computer. 
It is the million-dollar loss

[[Page S6821]]

of customers and goodwill and the ability to serve and the loss of 
advertising revenues and everything else going down.
  My friend from Oregon says: Well, we give you what the contract says; 
this bill will give you what the contract says.
  Sure, it gives what the contract says. That is an oxymoron. We know 
it gives you what the contract says. But the contract doesn't contract 
for economic loss. We are talking about misrepresentation, wrongful 
acts, fraudulent representation, tort--not contract. So don't give me 
this stuff about the contract, and we are giving you exactly what the 
contract says.
  That is our complaint. We want what States all over the Nation, all 
50 States, give you right now, and we do not want to repeal that.
  When we don't repeal it, then they come in in the next 180 days, the 
next 6 months, and they go to work and they start getting something 
done, because they realize this bill has either been killed in the 
Congress or vetoed by the President. They have to get right with the 
market world or get out of the way. That is the way free enterprise 
works. It is a wonderful thing. We all talk about it.
  By the way, don't give me this thing about the computer world created 
all of this productivity. Sure, it increases productivity. But what 
really created this economy--we are not going to stand here and listen 
time and time again--is the 1993 economic plan. Don't give the award to 
Bill Gates; give it to Bob Rubin.
  We were there. We had to struggle to get the votes. We had to bring 
in the Vice President to get the vote. They were saying over at the 
White House and at the Economic Council: Let us have a stimulus; we 
have to have a stimulus. Rubin says: No, pay the bill.
  What did we do? We paid the bill. We started paying off the bill. 
With what? Increased taxes. With increased taxes on what? Social 
Security.
  I voted for it. The Senator from Texas said: You voted for increased 
taxes on Social Security. They will hunt you down in the streets and 
shoot you like dogs. That is what he said.
  The other Senator, Mr. Packwood, said: I will give you my house, the 
chairman of the Finance Committee, if this thing works.
  Kasich, who is running for President, I am trying to find John. I 
don't know whether he is running as a Democrat or Republican, because 
he said: If this plan works, I will change parties and become a 
Democrat.
  We have the record. They are trying to subterfuge this as this 
computerization is moving overseas and asking for what? They want all 
the special laws. They want capital gains. They are making too much 
money. So they have the onslaught: Wait, estate taxes, we ought not to 
die and be taxed at the same time. So we have to change the formula for 
estate taxes. No, excuse me, immigrants. Don't pay Americans, just 
bring them all in. Let's have an exemption from the immigration laws. 
Let's have an exemption from the State tort laws. Let's do everything. 
Let's upset the world for the idle rich.
  Come on, 22,000 millionaires for Bill Gates. I employ, by gosh, 
instead, 200,000 textile workers at the mill. I would much rather have 
that crowd. Fine for the IQ group, but I am talking about working 
Americans, middle America, the backbone of our democratic society.
  So what we have here is an onslaught for the computer world, for 
capital gains, immigration laws, estate taxes, Y2K exemptions, any and 
every thing. They have money. They have contributions. We would like to 
get their contributions. So Democrats and Republicans are falling all 
over each other trying to show what goody-goody boys we are. We will 
change the State laws. We will take the rights away from consumers and 
injured parties. We will destroy small businesses that bought a 
computer. They won't even be able to get a lawyer with all of this 
stringout of how to bring a case and everything else of that kind.
  Saying, don't worry about it, it is only for 3 years, 3 years it will 
be gone--if there is a crisis on January 1, it shouldn't exist for over 
a year. Everybody will know within a year whether they are Y2K 
compliant and be able to file. But no, they want to use this for 
further argument, and I gainsay the way they are shoving it now, not 
agreeing to economic damages in the Kerry amendment, turning down the 
Leahy amendment for consumers rights. I am afraid what I said was a 
footprint for the Chamber of Commerce, but rather I think they really 
are on a forced drive for a veto because they can use that. Who vetoed 
productivity, the great industry that brought all of this productivity 
to America? Who vetoed it?
  I can see Vice President Gore trying to get up an answer to that one. 
That is going to be very interesting.
  Senator Hatch led the way with his bill last year, and we got 
together and started confronting this particular problem. As I speak--
and I am ready to yield now to my distinguished colleague from North 
Carolina--they have not 90 days, but we are giving them twice that 
amount. Put everybody on notice, this thing they tell me is on C-SPAN 
so everybody ought to know to get Y2K compliant, try it out, test your 
set. If it is not, go down and, by gosh, get it fixed now. Don't run to 
the courthouse. Run to the computer salesman who sold you the thing, 
because they--Dell, Intel, Yahoo, all the rest of them--are coming in 
and saying that everything is Y2K compliant. We can't wait around for 
Congress to change all the tort laws.
  I yield the floor.
  Mr. McCAIN. Mr. President, I can't help but note the Senator from 
South Carolina mentioned Mr. Gates has 2,000 employees for 
millionaires.
  Mr. HOLLINGS. Twenty-two thousand. That is in Time magazine, the 
year-end report. It is a wonderful operation.
  Mr. McCAIN. There are 22,000 millionaires. I know our respective 
staffs feel like millionaires for having had the opportunity of working 
here in the Senate with us. I know I speak for all of our staffs.

                          ____________________