[Congressional Record Volume 145, Number 66 (Monday, May 10, 1999)]
[Senate]
[Pages S4945-S4949]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

      By Mr. BIDEN:
  S. 993. A bill to prevent juvenile crime, provide for certain 
punishment of juvenile delinquents, and incapacitate violent juvenile 
criminals, and for other purposes; to the Committee on the Judiciary.


      the juvenile justice and delinquency prevention act of 1999

  Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, I rise to introduce legislation on a 
subject that we will be spending a great deal of time talking about on 
the floor this week--youth violence. At the outset, I would like to 
make clear that this bill is not a comprehensive one that addresses 
every aspect of this complex area. Other of my colleagues already have 
introduced legislation broadly addressing these issues with many good 
ideas that I support.
  My bill today recognizes the need to get tough on juvenile crime and 
violence. But this bill goes farther. It also recognizes that the best 
thing the Federal Government can do in dealing with youth crime and 
violence is to focus on prevention. In other words, it ensures that 
what we do about juvenile crime and youth violence is a balanced 
approach. My colleagues and I have heard over and over again from law 
enforcement, prosecutors, and juvenile judges alike that the best way 
to deal on the front lines with juveniles who are committing or are at 
risk of committing crimes is to implement prevention as well as 
sanctions.
  What the Federal Government does best in the area of fighting crime--
and the significant drop in crime as a result of the 1994 crime bill is 
proof of this--is for it to provide local law enforcement, prosecutors, 
juvenile courts, schools, and community-based organizations funds for 
them to develop creative, comprehensive strategies on juvenile crime 
that are tailored for their community. It is important to hold kids 
accountable when they commit crimes. But it is equally--if not more--
important to keep kids out of trouble, to keep kids out of the juvenile 
justice system in the first place.
  Before I get to the specifics of what my bill does, I want to 
highlight the importance of early prevention in curbing youth violence.
  To put the youth violence problem in some context, I would like to 
begin by outlining the specific--and different--

[[Page S4946]]

challenges we are facing when we discuss ``youth violence.'' 
Distinguishing among these different problems is important because each 
demands a different response.
  To be specific--we are really facing three separate issues when we 
confront youth violence:
  First, we have some number of children who are tragic cases--so 
violent that we really have no choice but to get them behind bars and 
keep them there, for a long time.
  Second, we have kids who have already started down the crime path. 
They aren't committing violent crimes, but they are clearly getting 
into trouble. And, while the evidence is that most will never go on to 
commit violent crimes, it is clear that we have to reach these kids and 
turn them around.
  Unlike the first category where public safety requires very severe, 
very long sentences, the key strategy for turning this second category 
of kids around appears to be certain, graduated punishments, as well as 
anything we can do which lessen the factors which may be pushing them 
deeper into the crime stream--keeping them away from drugs, away from 
guns and out of gangs.
  Third, we have a category of children in what the demographers call 
the ``baby-boomerang.'' In a report I offered in December of 1995, I 
detailed what inevitably lies ahead--39 million children now younger 
than age 10. Each of these 39 million children--the children of the 
baby-boomers--stand on the edge of their teen years, exactly those 
years when they are most at-risk of turning to drugs and crime.
  The implications of this demographic inevitability--even if we do 
everything right, and the rate at which kids commit crimes does not 
rise at all, we will have a 20% increase in juvenile murders by 2005, 
which will mean an increase in the overall murder toll of about 5%.
  Clearly, most of these 39 million will never turn to drugs and crime. 
But, equally clear, we have a rising number of at-risk children--at-
risk of turning to drugs, at-risk of being the victim of violence, and 
at-risk of turning to crime.
  For this third category--the rising number of at-risk children--I 
believe we have to incorporate prevention as a key part of our strategy 
to combat youth crime and violence.
  These three categories--lost, violent kids; kids just falling into 
the crime stream; and at-risk kids who may be nearing the edge of the 
crime stream--outline the targets of, and basic strategies for, a 
successful effort against youth violence.
  As we begin to debate strategies for addressing youth violence, let's 
get at least some idea of the size, the magnitude, of each of these 
three segments of the youth violence question.
  Starting in reverse order--with the third category of at-risk kids. 
Of course, all 39 million children in the ``baby-boomerang'' will not 
fall into this at-risk category. But, equally clear, that number of at-
risk children will be at least a few million.
  For the other two categories, the facts are that there are relatively 
few children in the ``lost'' category and while a significant number 
are in the ``falling into the crime stream'' category--both categories 
are much smaller than the few million in the ``at-risk'' category.
  The facts for the youngest juveniles: In 1994, 379 juveniles younger 
than 15 years old were arrested for murder, 39,000 were arrested for a 
violent crime but more than 260,000 were arrested for a non-violent 
property crime.
  For older teens, the pattern holds: 2,700 juveniles aged 15 to 17 
were arrested for murder, 86,000 were arrested for a violent crime, but 
more than 350,000 were arrested for a non-violent property crime.
  In sum: About 3,000 kids were arrested for murder--clearly ``lost'' 
children;
  Another 115,000 kids were arrested for a violent crime--all are not 
irretrievable, but plainly all must be subject to serious punishment;
  About 600,000 kids were arrested for a non-violent property crime--
not lost to us yet, but clearly falling deeper into the crime stream; 
and
  At least a few million children are in the at-risk category.
  It is my hope that throughout the debate on youth violence that we 
will not lose sight of these fundamental facts about what we are 
talking about when we say ``Let's do something about youth violence.'' 
I believe that is the goal we all share, so let's be smart. Let's keep 
our eye on the ball.
  In short, just as it would be foolish to spend all our efforts and 
money on the millions of at-risk kids and do nothing about the lost, 
violent kids--it would be equally foolish to spend all our efforts and 
money on the lost, violent kids and ignore the millions of at-risk 
kids.
  Local officials throughout the country have looked at the facts, they 
have been smart, they have used their resources from the 1994 crime 
law--and guess what: adult violent crime has plummeted. We now have the 
lowest murder rate since 1971. That says one thing--if we are smart, we 
can make a difference on a problem everyone thought was unsolvable: 
violent crime. We ought to be able to do the same when that violent 
crime is committed by children.
  We even have real world, working models of how to do so. Look to the 
experience in Boston--an experience that the judiciary committee 
recently heard about again in a hearing on juveniles and guns. In 
Boston, a combination of tough enforcement, cracking down on illegal 
gun dealers, focusing the forces of police, prosecutors and probation 
officers, and comprehensive community-based prevention efforts have 
slashed youth violence.
  I have outlined the three basis elements of the youth violence 
problem. So let me turn to the specifics of what I believe we must do 
to address each of these three basic elements.
  Tough punishment of the first group of kids--the ``Almost lost, 
already violent kids''--is necessary--for public safety purposes we 
really must look first to incapacitate very violent criminals, just 
getting them off the streets.
  For the second group of kids--the ``just getting into trouble 
kids''--we must provide certain, graduated sanctions--so that instead 
of our current system of not punishing a kid until he has 10, 15 or 20 
arrests, we give the kid at least some sanction from the very first 
offense.
  And finally, for the third group--the ``baby bomberang kids''--who 
are not getting in trouble yet but are ``at-risk'', we must target the 
factors which push kids into--or deeper into--the crime stream:
  Getting kids off drugs and alcohol through drug testing and follow-up 
with supervision and treatment;
  Keeping kids out of gangs; and
  Cracking down on the flow of guns to kids.
  We must also keep as many at-risks kids as possible from turning to 
drugs and crime in the first place--in most practical terms, this means 
keeping kids busy and supervised during the 3:00 to dinnertime hours.
  Those 3 hours represent about 12% of the day, about 20% of the hours 
when kids are awake--but at least 40% of juvenile crime occurs during 
those hours.
  Here is what the bill I am introducing today would do:
  It creates a block grant for use by States and local governments to 
develop strategies that are aimed at all three of the categories of 
kids I just described. That block grant does the following:

  First, it gives resources to States and local governments to develop 
more effective ways to investigate, prosecute, and punish those kids in 
the first group I described, who are already committing violent crimes.
  Second, it gives resources to States and local governments to develop 
more effective ways to ensure accountability through graduated 
sanctions and other means, and to address risk factors such as drug and 
alcohol abuse, truancy, or involvement with gangs.
  And third, it gives resources to States and local governments to 
develop programs targeted for at-risk kids for prevention--to keep 
these kids out of trouble, out of the juvenile crime system, and 
diverted from going down the path to becoming a career criminal.
  To do these three things, my bill authorizes $450 million. Of that 
amount--
  25 percent--$112.5 million--must be spent on prevention and drug and 
alcohol treatment.
  25 percent--$112.5 million--must be spent on prosecutors and courts.

[[Page S4947]]

  The rest--$250 million--can be spent on a variety of uses, including 
graduated sanctions and prisons.
  My bill also separately authorizes $50 million to hire, train, and 
fund programs run by prosecutors. We have heard over and over again 
that prosecutors, who are on the front lines in dealing with juvenile 
offenders, across the country are developing innovative, comprehensive 
approaches to juvenile crime that are resulting in significant drops in 
the juvenile crime rate.
  For example, in Jacksonville, Florida, the state prosecutor there has 
developed a multi-tiered approach. Those programs provide schooling and 
counseling, they intervene with first time juvenile offenders to divert 
them from the system, they provide prevention programs for at-risk kids 
that include mentoring and talking to judges and kids already in jail, 
and they fight truancy.
  It contains a ban on gun ownership by persons who, before their 18th 
birthday, adults who have been adjudicated to have committed a serious 
drug offense or violent felony. This provision, popularly known as 
``Juvenile Brady'', is an important step towards keeping guns out of 
the hands of criminals. Violent juveniles who commit serious crimes 
should be stopped--early--from getting access to weapons to commit such 
crimes as adults.
  Extending the Violent Crime Trust Fund to 2002. The Violent Crime 
Trust Fund--created in the 1994 crime bill--has been the key to our 
successful fight against crime over the past few years. It has been the 
vehicle for providing billions of dollars to State and local 
governments to implement a variety of law enforcement and crime-
fighting--from the Cops Program to the Violence Against Women Act to 
youth violence initiatives. The Violent Crime Trust Fund is due to 
expire in fiscal year 2000--my bill extends it to 2002. Without the 
trust fund, we will fail in the future to replicate and to surpass our 
past successes in combating crime, including juvenile crime, in the 
future.
  We must renew our efforts to save our Nation, our communities and our 
children from crime and violence. We must begin by ensuring that our 
children are safe--safe from both the temptation of crime and safe from 
those who commit crime and horrific acts of violence.
  We must protect our children through meaningful prevention and 
intervention programs, a crackdown on drugs and the violence that 
accompanies them, and we must insure that meaningful, appropriate and 
swift punishment is imposed on all juvenile offenders. I believe that 
the bill I introduce today, while not a comprehensive answer to every 
part of the juvenile crime problem, will go far in addressing one of 
its key components--prevention.
  I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the 
Record.
  There being no objection, the bill was ordered to printed in the 
Record, as follows:

                                 S. 993

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``Juvenile Justice and 
     Delinquency Prevention Act of 1999''.

     SEC. 2. BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM.

       (a) In General.--Part R of title I of the Omnibus Crime 
     Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3796 et seq.) 
     is amended to read as follows:

     ``PART R--JUVENILE ACCOUNTABILITY BLOCK GRANTS

     ``SEC. 1801. PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.

       ``(a) In General.--The Attorney General shall make, subject 
     to the availability of appropriations, grants to States for 
     use by States and units of local government in planning, 
     establishing, operating, coordinating, and evaluating 
     projects, directly or through grants and contracts with 
     public and private agencies, for the development of more 
     effective investigation, prosecution, and punishment 
     (including the imposition of graduated sanctions) of crimes 
     or acts of delinquency committed by juveniles, programs to 
     improve the administration of justice for and ensure 
     accountability by juvenile offenders, and programs to reduce 
     the risk factors (such as truancy, drug or alcohol use, and 
     gang involvement) associated with juvenile crime or 
     delinquency.
       ``(b) Use of Grants.--
       ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), grants under 
     this section shall be used by States and units of local 
     government for the following purposes:
       ``(A) Programs to enhance the identification, 
     investigation, prosecution, and punishment of juvenile 
     offenders, such as--
       ``(i) the utilization of graduated sanctions;
       ``(ii) the utilization of short-term confinement of 
     juvenile offenders;
       ``(iii) the incarceration of violent juvenile offenders for 
     extended periods of time;
       ``(iv) the hiring of juvenile prosecutors, juvenile public 
     defenders, juvenile judges, juvenile probation officers, and 
     juvenile correctional officers to implement policies to 
     control juvenile crime and ensure accountability of juvenile 
     offenders; and
       ``(v) the development and implementation of a coordinated, 
     multiagency system for--

       ``(I) the comprehensive and coordinated booking, 
     identification, and assessment of juveniles arrested or 
     detained by law enforcement agencies, including the 
     utilization of multiagency facilities such as juvenile 
     assessment centers; and
       ``(II) the coordinated delivery of support services for 
     juveniles who have had or are at risk for contact with the 
     juvenile or criminal systems, including utilization of court-
     established local service delivery councils.

       ``(B) Programs that require juvenile offenders to make 
     restitution to the victims of offenses committed by those 
     juvenile offenders.
       ``(C) Programs that require juvenile offenders to attend 
     and successfully complete school or vocational training as 
     part of a sentence imposed by a court.
       ``(D) Programs that require juvenile offenders who are 
     parents to demonstrate parental responsibility by working and 
     paying child support.
       ``(E) Programs that seek to curb or punish truancy.
       ``(F) Programs designed to collect, record, retain, and 
     disseminate information useful in the identification, 
     prosecution, and sentencing of juvenile offenders, such as 
     criminal history information, fingerprints, DNA tests, and 
     ballistics tests.
       ``(G) The development and implementation of coordinated 
     multijurisdictional or multiagency programs for the 
     identification, control, supervision, prevention, 
     investigation, and treatment of the most serious juvenile 
     offenses and offenders, popularly known as a `SHOCAP Program' 
     (Serious Habitual Offenders Comprehensive Action Program).
       ``(H) The development and implementation of coordinated 
     multijurisdictional or multiagency programs for the 
     identification, control, supervision, prevention, 
     investigation, and disruption of youth gangs.
       ``(I) The construction or remodeling of short- and long-
     term facilities for juvenile offenders.
       ``(J) The development and implementation of technology, 
     equipment, and training programs for juvenile crime control, 
     for law enforcement officers, judges, prosecutors, probation 
     officers, and other court personnel who are employed by State 
     and local governments, in furtherance of the purposes 
     identified in this section.
       ``(K) Programs to seek to target, curb, and punish adults 
     who knowingly and intentionally use a juvenile during the 
     commission or attempted commission of a crime, including 
     programs that specifically provide for additional punishments 
     or sentence enhancements for adults who knowingly and 
     intentionally use a juvenile during the commission or 
     attempted commission of a crime.
       ``(L)(i) Hiring additional juvenile judges, probation 
     officers, and court-appointed defenders, and funding pretrial 
     services for juveniles, to ensure the smooth and expeditious 
     administration of the juvenile justice system.
       ``(ii) Hiring additional prosecutors, so that more cases 
     involving violent juvenile offenders can be prosecuted and 
     backlogs reduced.
       ``(iii) Providing funding to enable prosecutors to address 
     drug, gang, and youth violence problems more effectively.
       ``(iv) Providing funding for technology, equipment, and 
     training to assist prosecutors in identifying and expediting 
     the prosecution of violent juvenile offenders.
       ``(v) Providing funding to enable juvenile courts and 
     juvenile probation offices to be more effective and efficient 
     in holding juvenile offenders accountable and reducing 
     recidivism.
       ``(vi) The establishment of court-based juvenile justice 
     programs that target young firearms offenders through the 
     establishment of juvenile gun courts for the adjudication and 
     prosecution of juvenile firearms offenders.
       ``(vii) The establishment of drug court programs for 
     juveniles so as to provide continuing judicial supervision 
     over juvenile offenders with substance abuse problems and to 
     provide the integrated administration of other sanctions and 
     services.
       ``(M) Juvenile prevention programs (such as curfews, youth 
     organizations, antidrug programs, antigang programs, and 
     after-school activities) that include a rigorous, 
     comprehensive evaluation component that measures the decrease 
     in risk factors associated with the juvenile crime and 
     delinquency and employs scientifically valid standards and 
     methodologies.
       ``(N) Juvenile drug treatment programs.
       ``(2) Allocation.--Of the total amount made available to a 
     State or unit of local government under this section for a 
     fiscal year--
       ``(A) not less than 25 percent shall be used for the 
     purposes set forth in subparagraphs (A) through (I) of 
     paragraph (1);

[[Page S4948]]

       ``(B) not less than 25 percent shall be used for the 
     purposes set forth in subparagraphs (J) and (L) of paragraph 
     (1); and
       ``(C) not less than 25 percent shall be used for the 
     purposes set forth in subparagraphs (M) and (N) of paragraph 
     (1).
       ``(c) Allocation and Distribution of State Grants.--
       ``(1) In general.--
       ``(A) State and local distribution.--Subject to 
     subparagraph (B), of amounts made available to the State, 30 
     percent may be retained by the State for use pursuant to 
     paragraph (2) and 70 percent shall be reserved by the State 
     for local distribution pursuant to paragraph (3).
       ``(B) Special rule.--The Attorney General may waive the 
     requirements of this paragraph with respect to any State in 
     which the criminal and juvenile justice services for 
     delinquent or other youths are organized primarily on a 
     statewide basis, in which case not more than 50 percent of 
     funds shall be made available to all units of local 
     government in that State pursuant to paragraph (3).
       ``(2) Local eligibility and distribution.--
       ``(A) Coordinated local effort.--Prior to receiving a grant 
     under this section, a unit of local government shall certify 
     that it has or will establish a coordinated enforcement plan 
     for reducing juvenile crime within the jurisdiction of the 
     unit of local government, developed by a juvenile crime 
     enforcement coalition, such coalition consisting of 
     individuals within the jurisdiction representing the police, 
     sheriff, prosecutor, State or local probation services, 
     juvenile court, schools, business, and religious affiliated, 
     fraternal, nonprofit, or social service organizations 
     involved in crime prevention.
       ``(B) Special rule.--The requirement of subparagraph (A) 
     shall apply to an eligible unit that receives funds from the 
     Attorney General under subparagraph (H), except that the 
     certification that would otherwise be made to the State shall 
     be made to the Attorney General.
       ``(C) Local distribution.--From amounts reserved for local 
     distribution under paragraph (1), the State shall allocate to 
     such units of local government an amount that bears the same 
     ratio to the aggregate amount of such funds as--
       ``(i) the sum of--

       ``(I) the product of--

       ``(aa) two-thirds; multiplied by
       ``(bb) the average law enforcement expenditure for such 
     unit of local government for the 3 most recent calendar years 
     for which such data is available; plus

       ``(II) the product of--

       ``(aa) one-third; multiplied by
       ``(bb) the average annual number of part 1 violent crimes 
     in such unit of local government for the 3 most recent 
     calendar years for which such data is available, bears to--
       ``(ii) the sum of the products determined under 
     subparagraph (A) for all such units of local government in 
     the State.
       ``(D) Expenditures.--The allocation any unit of local 
     government shall receive under paragraph (1) for a payment 
     period shall not exceed 100 percent of law enforcement 
     expenditures of the unit for such payment period.
       ``(E) Reallocation.--The amount of any unit of local 
     government's allocation that is not available to such unit by 
     operation of paragraph (2) shall be available to other units 
     of local government that are not affected by such operation 
     in accordance with this subsection.
       ``(F) Unavailability of data for units of local 
     government.--If the State has reason to believe that the 
     reported rate of part 1 violent crimes or law enforcement 
     expenditure for a unit of local government is insufficient or 
     inaccurate, the State shall--
       ``(i) investigate the methodology used by the unit to 
     determine the accuracy of the submitted data; and
       ``(ii) if necessary, use the best available comparable data 
     regarding the number of violent crimes or law enforcement 
     expenditure for the relevant years for the unit of local 
     government.
       ``(G) Local government with allocations less than $5,000.--
     If, under this section, a unit of local government is 
     allocated less than $5,000 for a payment period, the amount 
     allocated shall be expended by the State on services to units 
     of local government whose allotment is less than such amount 
     in a manner consistent with this part.
       ``(H) Direct grants to eligible units.--
       ``(i) In general.--If a State does not qualify or apply for 
     a grant under this section, by the application deadline 
     established by the Attorney General, the Attorney General 
     shall reserve not more than 70 percent of the allocation that 
     the State would have received for grants under this section 
     under subsection (e) for such fiscal year to provide grants 
     to eligible units that meet the requirements for funding 
     under subparagraph (A).
       ``(ii) Award basis.--In addition to the qualification 
     requirements for direct grants for eligible units the 
     Attorney General may use the average amount allocated by the 
     States to like governmental units as a basis for awarding 
     grants under this section.
       ``(I) Use of construction and remodeling funds by units of 
     local government.--Of amounts made available under this 
     section to a unit of local government for purposes of 
     construction or remodeling of short- or long-term facilities 
     pursuant to subsection (b)(9)--
       ``(i) the unit of local government shall coordinate such 
     expenditures with similar State expenditures;
       ``(ii) Federal funds shall constitute not more than 50 
     percent of the estimated construction or remodeling cost; and
       ``(iii) no funds expended pursuant to this clause may be 
     used for the incarceration of any offender who was more than 
     21 years of age at the time of the offense or for 
     construction, renovation, or expansion of facilities for such 
     offenders, except that funds may be used to construct 
     juvenile facilities collocated with adult facilities, 
     including separate buildings for juveniles and separate 
     juvenile wings, cells, or areas collocated within an adult 
     jail or lockup.
       ``(3) Nonsupplantation.--Amounts made available under this 
     section to the States (or units of local government in the 
     State) shall not be used to supplant State or local funds (or 
     in the case of Indian tribal governments, to supplant amounts 
     provided by the Bureau of Indian Affairs) but shall be used 
     to increase the amount of funds that would in the absence of 
     amounts received under this section, be made available from a 
     State or local source, or in the case of Indian tribal 
     governments, from amounts provided by the Bureau of Indian 
     Affairs.
       ``(e) Allocation of Grants Among Qualifying States; 
     Restrictions on Use.--
       ``(1) Allocation.--Amounts made available under this 
     section shall be allocated as follows:
       ``(A) 0.5 percent shall be allocated to each eligible 
     State.
       ``(B) The amount remaining after the allocation under 
     subparagraph (A) shall be allocated proportionately based on 
     the population that is less than 18 years of age in the 
     eligible States.
       ``(2) Restrictions on use.--Amounts made available under 
     this section shall be subject to the restrictions of 
     subsections (a) and (b) of section 292 of the Juvenile 
     Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, except that 
     the penalties in section 292(c) of such Act do not apply.
       ``(f) Grants to Indian Tribes.--
       ``(1) Reservation of funds.--Notwithstanding any other 
     provision of law, from the amounts appropriated pursuant to 
     section 299 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
     Prevention Act of 1974, for each fiscal year, the Attorney 
     General shall reserve an amount equal to the amount to which 
     all Indian tribes eligible to receive a grant under paragraph 
     (3) would collectively be entitled, if such tribes were 
     collectively treated as a State to carry out this subsection.
       ``(2) Grants to indian tribes.--From the amounts reserved 
     under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall make grants 
     to Indian tribes for programs pursuant to the permissible 
     purposes under section 1801.
       ``(3) Applications.--To be eligible to receive a grant 
     under this subsection, an Indian tribe shall submit to the 
     Attorney General an application in such form and containing 
     such information as the Attorney General may by regulation 
     require.''.

     SEC. 3. AUTHORITY TO MAKE GRANTS TO PROSECUTORS' OFFICES TO 
                   COMBAT GANG CRIME AND YOUTH VIOLENCE.

       Section 31702 of subtitle Q of title III of the Violent 
     Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 
     13862) is amended--
       (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``and'' at the end;
       (2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end and 
     inserting a semicolon; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(5) to allow the hiring of additional prosecutors, so 
     that more cases can be prosecuted and backlogs reduced;
       ``(6) to provide funding to enable prosecutors to address 
     drug, gang, and youth violence problems more effectively;
       ``(7) to provide funding to assist prosecutors with funding 
     for technology, equipment, and training to assist prosecutors 
     in reducing the incidence of, and increase the successful 
     identification and speed of prosecution of young violent 
     offenders; and
       ``(8) to provide funding to assist prosecutors in their 
     efforts to engage in community prosecution, problem solving, 
     and conflict resolution techniques through collaborative 
     efforts with police, school officials, probation officers, 
     social service agencies, and community organizations.''.

     SEC. 4. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

       (a) In General.--Section 299 of the Juvenile Justice and 
     Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5671) is 
     amended by striking subsections (a), (b), and (c) and 
     inserting the following:
       ``(a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
     to carry out this title $1,000,000,000 for each of fiscal 
     years 2000 through 2004.
       ``(b) Allocation of Appropriations.--Of the amount made 
     available under subsection (a) for each fiscal year--
       ``(1) $450,000,000 is authorized to be expended for 
     programs under section 1801 of part R of title I of the 
     Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 
     3796 et seq.)--
       ``(2) $175,000,000 is authorized to be expended for State 
     formula grants under part B of this title;
       ``(3) $175,000,000 is authorized to be expended for grants 
     under title V of this Act;
       ``(4) $50,000,000 is authorized to be made available to the 
     National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
     Prevention for research, demonstration, and evaluation;
       ``(5) $100,000,000 is authorized to be expended to carry 
     out the purposes of parts A, C, D, E, and G of this title; 
     and

[[Page S4949]]

       ``(6) $50,000,000 is authorized to be expended for grants 
     to prosecutors and courts under section 31702 of subtitle Q 
     of title III of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement 
     Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 13862).
       ``(c) Availability.--Amounts made available under this 
     section shall remain available until expended.''.
       (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--Title II of the 
     Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 
     U.S.C. 5711 et seq.) is amended--
       (1) in section 221(b)(2), in the second sentence, by 
     striking ``described in section 299(c)(1)'' and inserting 
     ``responsible for supervising the preparation and 
     administration of the State plan submitted under section 
     223'';
       (2) in section 222(a)(2)(B), by striking ``section 299(a) 
     (1) and (3)'' and inserting ``section 299''; and
       (3) in section 223(a)(1), by striking ``the State agency 
     described in section 299(c)(1) as the sole agency'' and 
     inserting ``the State agency responsible''.

     SEC. 5. RUNAWAY AND HOMELESS YOUTH.

       (a) In General.--Section 372(a)(3) of the Juvenile Justice 
     and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 
     5714b(a)(3)) is amended by striking ``unit of general local 
     government'' and inserting ``unit of local government''.
       (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--
       (1) Technical amendments.--
       (A) Error resulting from redesignation.--
       (i) In general.--Section 3(i) of Public Law 102-586 (106 
     Stat. 5026) is amended by striking ``Section 366'' and 
     inserting ``Section 385''.
       (ii) Effective date.--The amendment made by clause (i) 
     shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by 
     Public Law 102-586.
       (B) Error resulting from references to nonexistent 
     provisions of law.--
       (i) In general.--Section 40155 of the Violent Crime Control 
     and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Public Law 103-322; 108 
     Stat. 1922) is amended by striking ``is amended--'' and all 
     that follows through ``after section 315'' and inserting the 
     following: ``is amended by adding at the end''.
       (ii) Effective date.--The amendment made by subparagraph 
     (A) shall take effect as if included in the amendments made 
     by the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 
     (Public Law 103-322; 108 Stat. 1796 et seq.).
       (2) Reauthorizations.--
       (A) In general.--Section 385 of the Juvenile Justice and 
     Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5751) (as 
     amended by section 3(i) of Public Law 102-586 (106 Stat. 
     5026) (as amended by subsection (a)(1)(A) of this 
     subsection)) is amended--
       (i) in subsection (a)--

       (I) in paragraph (1), by striking ``1993 and such sums as 
     may be necessary for fiscal years 1994, 1995, and 1996'' and 
     inserting ``2000 and such sums as may be necessary for each 
     of fiscal years 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004''; and
       (II) in paragraph (3), by striking subparagraphs (A) 
     through (D) and inserting the following:

       ``(A) for fiscal year 2000, not less than $1,055,406;
       ``(B) for fiscal year 2001, not less than $1,108,177;
       ``(C) for fiscal year 2002, not less than $1,163,585; and
       ``(D) for fiscal year 2003, not less than $1,163,585.'';
       (ii) in subsection (b), by striking ``1993 and such sums as 
     may be necessary for fiscal years 1994, 1995, and 1996'' and 
     inserting ``2000 and such sums as may be necessary for each 
     of fiscal years 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004''; and
       (iii) in subsection (c), by striking ``1993, 1994, 1995, 
     and 1996'' and inserting ``2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, and 
     2004''.
       (B) Additional reauthorization.--Section 316 of part A of 
     the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (42 U.S.C. 5712d) (as 
     added by section 40155 of the Violent Crime Control and Law 
     Enforcement Act of 1994 (as amended by paragraph (1)(B) of 
     this subsection)) is--
       (i) redesignated as section 315 of part A of the Runaway 
     and Homeless Youth Act; and
       (ii) amended by striking subsection (c) and inserting the 
     following:
       ``(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are 
     authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such 
     sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2000, 2001, 
     2002, 2003, and 2004.''.

     SEC. 6. GUN BAN FOR DANGEROUS JUVENILE OFFENDERS.

       (a) Definition.--Section 921(a)(20) of title 18, United 
     States Code, is amended--
       (1) by inserting ``(A)'' after ``(20)'';
       (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses 
     (i) and (ii), respectively;
       (3) by striking ``What constitutes'' and all that follows 
     through the period at the end of the paragraph and inserting 
     the following:
       ``(B) For purposes of subsections (d), (g), and (s) of 
     section 922, the term `act of juvenile delinquency' means an 
     adjudication of delinquency based on a finding of the 
     commission of an act by a person before the eighteenth 
     birthday of that person that, if committed by an adult, would 
     be a serious drug offense or violent felony (as defined in 
     section 3559(c)(2)), on or after the date of enactment of 
     this subparagraph.
       ``(C)(i) What constitutes a conviction of a crime described 
     in subparagraph (A) or an adjudication of juvenile 
     delinquency shall be determined in accordance with law of the 
     jurisdiction in which the proceedings were held.
       ``(ii) Any State conviction or adjudication of delinquency 
     that has been expunged or set aside for which a person has 
     been pardoned or has had civil rights restored by the 
     jurisdiction in which the conviction or adjudication of 
     delinquency occurred shall nevertheless be considered a 
     conviction or adjudication of delinquency unless--
       ``(I) the expunction, set-aside, pardon, or restoration of 
     civil rights is directed to a specific person;
       ``(II) the State authority granting the expunction, set 
     aside, pardon, or restoration of civil rights has expressly 
     determined that the circumstances regarding the conviction 
     and the person's record and reputation are such that the 
     person will not act in a manner dangerous to public safety; 
     and
       ``(III) the expunction, set aside, pardon, or restoration 
     of civil rights expressly authorizes the person to ship, 
     transport, receive, or possess firearms.
       ``(iii) The requirement of this subparagraph for an 
     individualized restoration of rights shall apply whether or 
     not, under State law, the person's civil rights were taken 
     away by virtue of the conviction or adjudication.''.
       (b) Prohibition.--Section 922 of title 18, United States 
     Code is amended--
       (1) in subsection (d)--
       (A) in paragraph (8), by striking ``or'' at the end;
       (B) in paragraph (9), by striking the period at the end and 
     inserting ``; or''; and
       (C) by inserting after paragraph (9) the following:
       ``(10) who has committed an act of juvenile delinquency.'';
       (2) in subsection (g)--
       (A) in paragraph (8), by striking ``or'' at the end;
       (B) in paragraph (9), by striking the period at the end and 
     inserting ``; or'', and
       (C) by inserting after paragraph (9) the following:
       ``(10) who has committed an act of juvenile delinquency.''; 
     and
       (3) in subsection (s)(3)(B)--
       (A) in clause (vi), by striking ``and'' at the end;
       (B) in clause (vii), by adding ``and'' after the semicolon; 
     and
       (C) by inserting after clause (vii) the following:
       ``(viii) has not committed an act of juvenile 
     delinquency.''.

     SEC. 7. EXTENSION OF VIOLENT CRIME REDUCTION TRUST FUND.

       (a) In General.--Section 310001(b) of the Violent Crime 
     Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 14211(b)) 
     is amended--
       (1) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the end;
       (2) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at the end and 
     inserting a semicolon; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(7) for fiscal year 2001, $4,400,000,000; and
       ``(8) for fiscal year 2002, $4,500,000,000.''.
       (b) Conforming Discretionary Spending Cap Reduction.--Upon 
     enactment of this Act, the discretionary spending limits for 
     fiscal years 2001 and 2002 set forth in section 251(c) of the 
     Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 
     U.S.C. 901(c)) are reduced as follows:
       (1) For fiscal year 2001, $4,400,000,000 in new budget 
     authority and $5,981,000,000 in outlays.
       (2) For fiscal year 2002, $4,500,000,000 in new budget 
     authority and $4,530,000,000 in outlays.

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