[Congressional Record Volume 144, Number 115 (Thursday, September 3, 1998)]
[Senate]
[Pages S9917-S9921]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                          THE BANKRUPTCY BILL

  Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, we have just been delayed somewhat in 
the start of the bankruptcy bill. But I think it would still be 
appropriate to make some comments, even though in morning business, on 
the issue of why we need a bankruptcy bill.
  I suggest, first of all, as the Senator from Massachusetts has 
correctly stated, there were 1.4 million bankruptcies last year. That 
was a 30-percent increase over the previous year. And the previous year 
was a big percentage increase over that previous year. So in the last 3 
years we have seen an explosion of bankruptcy filings in the United 
States.
  That is a tremendous economic problem. It is a problem for families 
that have to go through this. It is a problem for the consumers because 
bankruptcies raise costs for consumers. And there are lots of reasons 
for the rise in bankruptcies. In the 20 years since we have last had 
major bankruptcy legislation, we have seen a dramatic increase in 
bankruptcy filings, more than under any previous act. And we have had 
national bankruptcy legislation for 100 years this year.
  In the period of time since we have had the latest bankruptcy 
legislation that was passed in the year 1978, out at the grassroots of 
America there has been a feeling that it is too easy to get into 
bankruptcy.
  I don't want to say that a bankruptcy law, in and of itself, is the 
only reason we are having a high number of bankruptcy filings. But 
during this period of time in the last 20 years, I have had hundreds of 
people tell me that it is too easy to get into bankruptcy. I have had 
not one person say to me that

[[Page S9918]]

it ought to be easier to get into bankruptcy. And I have even had some 
people who have gone through bankruptcy who said it was too easy.
  I mentioned the legislation of 1978 may be one reason for the 
increase in bankruptcies. I think also the Federal Government itself in 
that period of time has not set a very good example for personal 
finances by having 30 years of unbalanced Federal budgets. After all, 
if the national leadership of America can spend beyond its means for 30 
years, doesn't it kind of set an ethic and a tone for the people of 
this country that maybe debt isn't so bad and it is possible to live 
beyond your means?
  Hopefully, this September 30, at the close of this fiscal year, for 
the first time in 30 years we are going to balance the budget and have 
a surplus. And we are going to pay down at least $68 billion, according 
to the latest estimates of what we will pay down in that national debt. 
Maybe we are going to turn that bad example around a little bit so that 
if people now do not see the Federal Government borrowing money for 
such long periods of time, maybe families and businesses of America 
will take a little bit different look at their debt as well.
  Then, of course, we have had the banks of America sending out so many 
credit cards, maybe not with the idea that they encouraged debt, but at 
least have left the impression upon the consumers of America that there 
was another way of doing business than just out of the billfold. I do 
not think that has set a very good example. I am not saying that there 
isn't a legitimacy about credit cards and that probably it is very 
convenient for some people and other advantages, but again, it is a new 
approach that parallels this high number of filings that we have had 
and may be another reason beyond the Federal Government's borrowing, 
beyond a 1978 statute that made it a little easier to go into 
bankruptcy, another reason why we had 1.4 million people filing for 
bankruptcy last year.
  Then lastly--and maybe I should not say lastly--but lastly as far as 
the reasons I would give, and there might be a lot of other reasons 
that somebody else could give, but there does not seem to be the shame 
connected with bankruptcy that there used to be. I do not know why. It 
may be all of the above that I have mentioned--more credit cards, 
making it easier to get into debt, and you just chip away at people's 
ethical thinking, the Federal Government setting a bad example, a 
liberal bankruptcy law passed in 1978. But somehow we have to think in 
terms of people looking at the moral dimension of their finances, and 
also then an extension of that moral dimension is a moral look at 
bankruptcy--right or wrong--and whether or not it is OK to break a 
contractual obligation to respect debt and meet the obligation.
  One other thing I should say is that I think that to some extent--and 
it is difficult to quantify all these factors that I give--but I think 
that within the legal profession there are some lawyers who are not 
counseling people about bankruptcy the way lawyers used to feel an 
obligation to counsel people coming to them for help. I guess we think 
that is a serious enough problem that we put some discouragement in our 
legislation to the bar just willy-nilly putting people into chapter 7 
bankruptcy.
  But I think if we could get the bar itself to take another look at 
the practice of bankruptcy lawyers, and suggest a little more caution, 
a little more counseling, a little less use of paralegals in the 
process of the filing of petitions, and probably a person that is maybe 
not in a very good position to counsel, that all of these things would 
help. So we have a situation that needs to be dealt with. That is why 
we offer this legislation.

  Mr. President, I want to provide some overview of the need for 
bankruptcy reform and how the bankruptcy reform bill before the Senate 
makes meaningful bankruptcy reforms in a fair and balanced way. In 
fact, in the Judiciary Committee, the bill passed out of the committee 
on a strong, bipartisan vote of 16 to 2. So, we have a good bill and 
one that most Members of the Senate should be able to support.
  Mr. President, the polls are clear that the American people want 
bankruptcy reform. In Iowa, 78 percent of Iowans surveyed favor 
bankruptcy reform. And the picture is the same nationally. According 
the PBS program ``Techno-Politics,'' almost 70 percent of Americans 
support bankruptcy reform. Clearly, the time to act is now.
  Let me start out by saying there is some justification for 
bankruptcy. People hurt by natural disasters, catastrophic illness, 
divorce, etc., are entitled to a new start. Our society has provided 
for that. About 80 percent of the people who declare bankruptcy are in 
desperate financial straits. The problem is that some people use 
bankruptcy as a financial planning tool to get out of paying debts 
which they could pay. The convenient use of the existing bankruptcy 
laws is the driving force behind bankruptcy reform. We have a 
bankruptcy system that lets higher-income people write off their debts 
with no questions asked and no real way for creditors to prevent this 
from happening. The end-result is that everybody else who pays their 
bills ends up paying for these abuses through higher prices.
  Last year we had a record number of Americans file for bankruptcy. Of 
course, each bankruptcy case means that someone who extended credit in 
good faith won't get paid. While estimates differ as to the exact 
number, American businesses are losing around $40 billion a year as a 
result of bankruptcies.
  Now, big banks and big business are in a somewhat stronger position 
to deal with these losses than smaller businesses. Large banks and big 
business can offset bankruptcy losses by increasing the amount they 
charge to other customers. That's an important point, Mr. President. 
Under the best of circumstances, where a big business can stay afloat 
in the face of large losses due to bankruptcies, other consumers pay 
the price. Hence, the hidden bankruptcy tax.
  This hidden tax affects consumers who play by the rules. These 
consumers, the vast majority of consumers, must pay through higher 
prices and interest rates for consumers who write their debts off in 
bankruptcy. My legislation will reduce this tax by requiring those 
consumers who have the capacity to repay their debts, or some portion 
of their debts, to do so.

  But that's the situation with big businesses who can survive in the 
face of huge bankruptcy losses. What about the small business people 
who have to close their doors because they can't afford to absorb the 
loss of so much income. The Consumer Bankruptcy Reform Act that is 
before us will reduce bankruptcy losses by ensuring that those who can 
repay their debts be required to do so. That's just common sense. On 
the other hand, if you're truly down and can't afford to pay anything, 
this bill still guarantees complete bankruptcy relief.
  The editorial page of the Des Moines Register stated on march 13, 
1997, that bankruptcy ``was never intended as the one-stop, no-
questions-asked solution to irresponsibility,'' But that's just what we 
have today. And that is just the problem this bill addresses.
  So, as we move forward to more debate on bankruptcy reform, I hope we 
keep in mind the fact that bankruptcies of convenience impose a hidden 
tax on hardworking Americans who play by the rules and pay their bills 
on time. Let's cut that tax. Lenient bankruptcy standards seem to 
foster a lack of personal responsibility. After all, why tighten your 
belt and pay what you owe when you can just walk away from debts by 
declaring bankruptcy? I think my bill makes sense and that's why it 
passed out of the Judiciary Committee by a vote of 16 to 2.
  Mr. President, I would like to say a few words about the history of 
bankruptcy. Congress' authority to create bankruptcy legislation 
derives from the body of the Constitution. Article I, section 8, clause 
4 authorizes Congress to establish ``uniform laws on the subject of 
bankruptcies throughout the United States.'' Until 1898, we did not 
have permanent bankruptcy laws in this country. The previous bankruptcy 
laws were temporary in nature and were largely enacted as a reaction to 
a financial crisis. With each successive bankruptcy act and each major 
reform or our Nation's bankruptcy laws, we've refined our conception of 
how bankruptcy should promote the important social goal of giving 
honest and unfortunate American a fresh start.

[[Page S9919]]

  The bill we're considering today makes fundamental changes to our 
bankruptcy laws. These changes are a logical outgrowth and extension of 
our various bankruptcy reform efforts. From 1898 until 1938, consumers 
had only one way to declare bankruptcy. It was called ``straight 
bankruptcy'' or ``chapter 7'' bankruptcy. Under chapter 7, which is 
still in existence, bankrupts surrender some of their assets to a 
bankruptcy court. The court sells these assets and uses the proceeds to 
pay creditors. Any deficiency is wiped out.
  But starting in 1938, Congress created chapter 13, which allows a 
debtor to repay a portion of his or her debts and keep all assets. 
Under current law, the choice between chapter 7 and chapter 13 is 
voluntary. In the mid-1980's, Senator Dole and Congressman Mike Synar 
tried to steer higher income bankrupts--who could repay some of their 
debts--into chapter 13. My legislation follows the attempts at reform 
Senator Dole made when he was on the Judiciary Committee.
  Finally, Mr. President, when and if we get to S. 1301, there will be 
a managers' amendment, which will permanently reauthorize Chapter 12. 
Chapter 12, which I authored in 1986 because of the farm crisis, is due 
to expire this October. I hope that, for the sake of the farmers of 
America, we will be able to get this bill brought before us. We now 
have a motion to proceed because there was an objection from a Senator, 
and I hope that all of these Senators will take into consideration that 
with low farm prices now--and I hope there is not an agricultural 
crisis long-term although there is a crisis this minute--and that 
farmers will have special protections under Chapter 12 bankruptcy, like 
other sectors of our economy have a special procedures for them, so 
that we will be able to have an orderly handling of that.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator's 10 minutes have expired. Does 
the Senator ask for additional time?
  Mr. GRASSLEY. Was there really a 10-minute time limit?
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is. The Senator can request additional 
time.
  Mr. GRASSLEY. I ask unanimous consent for 2 additional minutes.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The efforts of Senator Dole and Congressman Synar ultimately resulted 
in the creation of Section 707(b) of the Bankruptcy Code. This section 
gives bankruptcy judges the power to dismiss the bankruptcy case of 
someone who has filed for chapter 7 bankruptcy if that case is a 
``substantial abuse'' of the bankruptcy code.
  While this idea sounds good, it has not worked well in the real 
world. First, nobody knows what the term ``substantial abuse'' actually 
means. So we have conflicting court decisions around the country and 
people just aren't sure what the rules are. Second, creditors and 
private trustees are actually forbidden from bringing evidence of abuse 
to the attention of a bankruptcy judge.
  The Consumer Bankruptcy Reform Act corrects these shortcomings. Under 
this bill, 707(b) now permits creditors and private trustees to file 
motions and bring evidence of chapter 7 abuses to the attention of a 
bankruptcy judge. This change is very important since creditors have 
the most to lose from bankruptcy abuse, and private trustees are often 
in the best position to know which cases are abusive in nature.
  Additionally, the bill requires judges to consider repayment capacity 
of bankrupts in chapter 7. Under this bill, if someone who has filed 
for chapter 7 bankruptcy can repay 20 percent or more of his or her 
general unsecured debts, then the bankruptcy judge can kick them out of 
the bankruptcy system or transfer them to chapter 13.
  Taken together, these changes will bring the bankruptcy system back 
into balance. Importantly, these changes preserve an element of 
flexibility so that not every debtor is pushed into an inflexible and 
rigid formula. This means that each bankrupt will have his or her own 
unique situation taken into account.
  Of course, S. 1301 also contains tough fines against creditors who 
misuse their new powers to harass or intimidate honest consumers rather 
than to stop abuses. This is a key feature of S. 1301. Whenever we give 
creditors a new tool, we also give debtors a new shield to restrain 
potential creditor abuses.
  Let me give another example of how my bill gives debtors important 
new tools to deter and punish abusive creditor conduct. In the last few 
years, there have been a number of reports about creditors coercing 
debtors into agreeing to pay their debts even though the debt could be 
wiped away in bankruptcy. The bankruptcy code allows debtors to 
reaffirm debts if the choose to do so voluntarily. The problem is that 
some companies have been threatening consumers in order to force a 
reaffirmation. Under the bill we're considering today, creditors will 
face treble damages and high fines if they use coercive tactics to 
force a reaffirmation.
  So, Mr. President, as we proceed to consider this bill, I hope 
colleagues will keep in mind the balanced, fair nature of this 
legislation.


                         Privilege of the Floor

  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that Anne 
McCormick be granted privileges of the floor on all Judiciary 
Committee-related matters for the remainder of this session.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, it has been my good fortune to work on the 
subcommittee with Senator Chuck Grassley of Iowa. We have worked 
closely together for more than a year. We disagree on some political 
issues--that is no surprise--but I respect him very much. He is a man 
of his word. He is a hard-working Senator, and it has been a pleasure 
for me to work with him on this very complicated issue. We will 
probably have our disagreements when this matter comes to the floor, 
but my respect for him will continue as during the course of preparing 
this complicated legislation.
  I also acknowledge the hard work of my staff members, Victoria 
Bassetti and Anne McCormick, on this complicated issue. Were it not for 
them, I don't believe I would be able to stand here and defend my point 
of view. They have educated me well. I will do my best to represent 
them, as well as the people of Illinois, on this issue. This is a 
highly technical and convoluted subject. We hear words like cramdowns, 
reaffirmations, panel trustees, lien stripping, automatic stays, 
codebtor stays, discharge stays, nondischargeable debt, super 
discharge, and on and on. Most people's eyes are glazing over and 
wondering what this bankruptcy debate is all about on the floor.
  This important Federal bankruptcy law is a delicate and perilous 
balance. When a person files for bankruptcy, they have a limited amount 
of assets. They come before the bankruptcy court and ask: What are we 
going to do with what we have left? It isn't enough to pay our bills 
and what do you suggest we do to discharge ourselves from this debt and 
go forward with a clean slate?
  When you push on one thing in bankruptcy, almost invariably something 
else will give. That is because no matter how hard you wish otherwise, 
we are dealing with a limited amount of assets--a pie of fixed 
dimensions. Try as we might, in almost every case the pie will not be 
made any bigger. All we can do is increase the fighting over that small 
pie--and usually no one really comes out ahead in that fight.
  In those cases where we can make the pie bigger, I fully support 
whatever we can do. We must ferret out those people who are abusing the 
bankruptcy system. One example is the homestead exemption. The 
homestead exemption allows a person, in some States, depending on State 
law, to claim that their home should be exempt from being subject to 
the claims of creditors. That sounds reasonable. People like to protect 
their home. But each State sets a different standard. Some States set 
almost unreasonable standards. That is why you can find a former 
Governor of a major State, or a former commissioner of baseball, racing 
to the right State to file bankruptcy--buying a huge home before they 
file bankruptcy, and then having it exempt from the bankruptcy estate. 
Luckily, this bill does away with that exemption. The House bill does 
not. On the floor of the House, unfortunately, we left this abuse in 
the bankruptcy code. I hope we will stand fast on this issue and that, 
if this matter goes to conference, we can prevail.
  Let me talk about the people who do file bankruptcy, who don't fall 
into the

[[Page S9920]]

category of the rich and famous, never have been and never will. Let me 
show you one of the charts that indicates what happened in terms of the 
income people earn who are filing for chapter 7 bankruptcy in the 
United States. This is an interesting chart. The median family income 
is $42,769. In 1981, the median income of people filing for bankruptcy 
was $23,254. Look what happened. Over the next 16 years, we have seen a 
steady decline in the median income of people filing for bankruptcy. 
What it tells us is that people in the bankruptcy system are just 
getting poorer. We are not dealing with smoothies here who are racing 
out to get attorneys and find some way to protect some treasured 
assets. We are dealing with people who have a very limited amount of 
income and with very low-income and perilous circumstances. As 
distasteful as bankruptcy is, the fact remains that we need it. We 
can't dismantle or radically alter it without doing serious damage to 
our economy, to creditors, and to millions of individuals.
  To see what would happen if we didn't have a bankruptcy system, 
imagine a world where people could not declare bankruptcy when they 
were in bad financial straits. In this world, each individual creditor 
would have to file suit in State court when the debtor defaulted. And 
then it would be a race to the courthouse door. Some would end up with 
nothing. Almost nobody would win in this situation. So the bankruptcy 
code is important. But keep in mind that this median income person, 
with $17,652, really is not salivating for the opportunity to file for 
bankruptcy; a disaster has hit that person or his family.
  The information I am about to give you has not been produced by some 
consumer group, but by the major credit card companies. Visa and 
MasterCard did an analysis of the people who declared bankruptcy in 
1997. Here is what they found: 11.6 percent of the people who filed for 
bankruptcy did so because of a divorce or separation; 16.5 percent 
declared bankruptcy because of medical or health reasons, and 15.3 
percent, because of unemployment. Two-thirds of the people surveyed 
reported that creditors did not try to work with them to help them 
avoid filing for bankruptcy.
  You must remember the feeling. I can remember it in my early life 
after graduating from law school, deep in debt, trying to pay off 
student loans and having no really substantial income. It was a chore 
to fight off the people calling on credit cards.
  They really weren't offering the milk of human kindness in those 
telephone calls.
  From the Visa study, they went on to say:

       Although conventional wisdom holds that there is less 
     stigma associated with personal bankruptcy filings today than 
     there has been in the past, the experience of the respondents 
     suggests just the opposite: A substantial majority--75.2 
     percent--had not been able to reestablish credit. Nearly a 
     quarter of the respondents--24.7%--still owed income taxes 
     after the bankruptcy was filed. More than half--52 percent--
     reaffirmed some of their outstanding debt * * *

  Let's talk for a moment about the debt. Credit card companies send 
out as many as 2.8 billion credit card solicitations a year to 
potential card holders.
  Let me show you a chart about one family that I happen to know a 
little bit about, the Durbin family of Springfield, Illinois.
  In a 6-month period of time at our house, we received in Springfield, 
Illinois, opportunities and invitations for credit cards, some 
wonderful credit cards. It used to be that they talked about gold 
credit cards. Here is one called ``gold.'' Now we are talking about 
titanium and platinum credit cards.
  If you look at the total amount of credit that was offered to my home 
and household, it comes to over $600,000.
  There was a time when I can recall getting my first car loan--of 
about $1,000--sitting nervously across from a loan officer at the First 
National Bank of Springfield, Illinois. Now, sight unseen, each day in 
the mail, come invitations to go deeply into debt--in this case over 
$600,000 worth. And this doesn't count the e-mail credit solicitation 
which I am currently receiving.
  What it suggests to me is that the credit card industry bears some 
responsibility for the increased filings and bankruptcy.
  We found in a 3-month period in 1997 that banks in the United States 
mailed a record-setting 881 million solicitations.
  I have some that my staff received here. I will not go through them 
all.
  I believe everyone here that is witnessing this debate on the Senate 
floor and those by television on C-SPAN know what I am talking about. 
You go home every night and start tossing out the preapproved credit 
card solicitations that say, ``Just sign the back of this check, and we 
will send you a certain amount of money.'' And you, of course, can have 
a second mortgage on your home.
  All of these things are coming at us fast and furious.
  In addition to the mail, credit card companies logged 24.1 million 
hours in 1996 on the telephones telemarketing their cards.
  You can be at home at night watching TV and listening to the radio. 
The phone starts ringing. It could be some charity. It might be some 
opportunity to change your phone service. It might also be a credit 
card solicitation.
  So if we are going to correctly analyze the current situation about 
the increases in bankruptcy, let us honestly look at what is happening 
here.
  You want to know why so many more people are filing for bankruptcy? 
Look at this. Track consumer debt in America, and track the filings in 
bankruptcy, and what you find is the lines are virtually identical.
  This isn't a matter of America losing its morality in family values 
because of the increased filings in bankruptcy. It is because we are 
deeper in debt as a nation and the credit card industry continues to 
lure people into debt. Yes. It is a free will choice. But many people 
are not as well informed as they get into it. The lure of consolidating 
your debts, and the lure perhaps of buying something that you might not 
otherwise be able to afford drags people deeper and deeper into debt 
with risky credit. One bad occurrence, as mentioned in the Visa and 
MasterCard study, and the next thing you know these folks are in 
bankruptcy court.
  Some people in the credit industry come to see you and say, ``You 
know, I think these people have lost the idea of the moral stigma of 
bankruptcy.'' The Visa study says they haven't. I am not sure they have 
either. I say to the people in the credit industry, ``If there is no 
moral stigma to bankruptcy, then how do you explain the practices of 
your own industry, an industry that would consider installing ATM 
machines in casinos, which we now do in America? Where is the moral 
stigma there?''
  Let me talk to you about this bill in particular.
  I am pleased that Senator Grassley and I have been able to work well 
on many issues in this bill, and I will try to continue to do so. But 
let me suggest there are some changes that I would still like to see in 
this bill.
  We must make sure that reform of the bankruptcy system doesn't 
actually end up hurting vulnerable groups like women trying to collect 
alimony, children dependent on child support payments, and the elderly 
living on fixed incomes.
  We have a fixed amount of money here; a limited amount of assets. 
There will be a struggle and a fight over who will walk away with them. 
If you give additional assets from a bankrupt estate to a credit card 
company, you could do it at the expense of child support obligations. 
The Children's Defense Fund is opposed to the bill. That is one of the 
major reasons. Their concern is that this bill still does not protect 
child support payments. I think that is a major concern.
  We have to make certain that we lift that up to a level that is 
sensible. Keep in mind if we do not, we are going to assume that burden 
as a society. Children who do not receive their child support payments 
are kids who end up on welfare; kids who end up dependent on the 
Treasury of the United States and the States of our Union in an effort 
to survive.
  I hope we will be able to adopt an amendment which will, in fact, 
provide more protection when it comes to child support.
  Second, we must make sure that the reforms do not increase 
opportunities for creditors to themselves abuse and distort this 
system.

[[Page S9921]]

  I will not go through the lengthy history that we have of this 
process of reaffirmation.
  What is reaffirmation? I file for bankruptcy and I have a debt, and 
instead of having it discharged so I don't owe it any longer, I 
voluntarily agree to reaffirm that debt and to continue to pay all or 
part of it. Why would a person do that? What if you walked into the 
bankruptcy court and you owed money on your car? You need a car to get 
to work. You better reaffirm that debt on the car so you can continue 
to make the payments, even if you are discharged from bankruptcy from 
all other debts. It makes sense. Someone walks into a bankruptcy court 
and says, ``My family has done business with that department store 
downtown for three generations, and I just could not stiff them. I will 
reaffirm my debt. I will pay it. Just discharge the rest of my debts.''
  The problem we have is in many instances creditors--major department 
stores and retail chains--have misled the debtors into believing they 
must reaffirm their debts; that they can't get off the hook in 
bankruptcy. I want to make sure that this bill does not create more 
opportunities for this to happen. I hope just the opposite will be 
true.
  Finally, let me urge that in the course of the debate on bankruptcy 
we address both sides of the problems. To those who are abusing the 
bankruptcy system, who walk into court and try to, through all sorts of 
chicanery, escape their obligations and their debts, we say: This will 
stop. And, on the other side, we say to the credit card industry: You 
also have an obligation.
  Sadly, all of this focus on the bankruptcy code simply helps to 
obscure a far more important and dangerous feature of our consumer 
economy--the profligate availability of risky credit.
  Merely making bankruptcy abuse harder is only part of the equation. 
The other part is preventing bankruptcy in the first place by 
encouraging more responsibility from the banks, as well as consumers.
  Come with me to a ``Big-Ten'' football game this autumn--a wonderful 
experience--in Champaign or Bement, Illinois--and walk into that 
stadium. What you are going to find there will be a booth giving away 
T-shirts. Mark my words. If you will take a T-shirt, you will also take 
an application for an official University of Illinois credit card. Kids 
fresh out of high school are signing up for credit cards when they are 
18 to get a free T-shirt. You will find these booths at virtually all 
sorts of events.
  These sorts of things are going on at such a pace that, frankly, it 
has become almost scandalous. Credit cards are being issued to people 
who are mentally incompetent. They are being issued to pets; being 
issued to folks who have no business owning a credit card.
  I want to make sure that we straighten up that side of the equation 
as well.
  I want to make sure that the people who send us monthly credit card 
statements are open and honest. When they say your minimum monthly 
payment is ``X,'' they ought to tell you how many months it will take 
you to pay it off if you make the minimum monthly payment, and how much 
you are going to pay in interest. They ought to provide people with a 
simple worksheet so when they apply for a credit card they will 
understand where they stand financially. If fact, if the credit card 
company hasn't done any kind of analysis of your credit standing and 
they are offering credit blindly, you ought to know that.
  In addition, I want to make sure that we provide in these credit card 
statements a clear statement of the conditions.
  This same University of Illinois credit card solicitation--I don't 
want to pick on them--said, and I quote, ``permanent introductory rate 
of 5.9 percent.''
  You don't have to be a business major to understand that 
``permanent'' and ``introductory'' don't go together. What happens, of 
course, is that in a short period of time the interest rate goes 
through the roof.
  Let me conclude on this note.
  We can spend all of our time trying to punish or prevent a small 
number of abuses. We can also work on something infinitely more 
constructive. We can try to help prevent financial catastrophes.
  What I propose is a small step in that direction which works on the 
principle that a well-informed consumer is best able to protect 
himself. I am happy to join with my colleague, Senator Grassley, in an 
effort to change the bankruptcy code, but let us do it in a fair way 
that does not penalize the recipients of child support, that doesn't 
give an upper hand to creditors who abuse the system, and which says to 
the credit card industry, yes, we will clean up abuses in bankruptcy 
court but certainly you should extend your responsibility to issue 
credit responsibly to a well-informed consumer.
  I yield back the remainder of my time.
  Mr. KENNEDY addressed the Chair.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Santorum). The Senator from Massachusetts.

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