[Congressional Record Volume 144, Number 54 (Tuesday, May 5, 1998)]
[Senate]
[Pages S4234-S4235]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                    THE FARM CRISIS IN NORTH DAKOTA

  Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, I rose yesterday to discuss the farm 
crisis in my home State of North Dakota. Yesterday, I showed a chart 
that showed what has happened to farm income in our State between 1996 
and 1997, and I start today with that same chart because it shows North 
Dakota farm income being washed away in 1997.
  In 1996, we had $764 million of farm income in the State of North 
Dakota; in 1997, $15 million--a 98 percent reduction in farm income 
from 1 year to the next. If that is not a crisis, I don't know what 
would constitute one. The total farm income of the State of North 
Dakota in 1997 was $15 million. That is divided up among the 30,000 
farmers of our State. In other words, the average farmer had a profit, 
or net income, of only $500 for the entire year. That is a crisis.
  The problems for agriculture go much further, deep into the pockets 
of farm producers. In my State and many other States, the economic 
difficulty in agriculture means trouble on Main Street. If the pockets 
of farmers are empty, so are the pockets of bankers, grocers, implement 
dealers, cafe and gas station owners--you name it; any Main Street 
business is negatively affected, and so are the workers whose 
businesses are affected.
  About a week and a half ago, a meeting was held on the border of 
northeastern North Dakota and northwest Minnesota, where the farm 
troubles in our region are the worst. At that meeting, which was held 
by the State Farm Service Agencies, there were agricultural lenders, 
implement dealers, agricultural suppliers, and other agribusinesses in 
attendance. Today I thought I would share some of the comments made at 
that meeting by those people who are dependent on the agricultural 
economy. These comments illustrate the problems we are facing in 
agriculture in North Dakota.
  The first comments were made by agricultural suppliers--the providers 
of fuel, seed, fertilizer, and other farm inputs. Here is what two of 
them said at this meeting. The first one said:

       My daughter sells seed to farmers. Earlier she distributed 
     the seed, now she is going around to pick it up.

  That is a very bad sign, when those who are selling seed are going 
around to pick it up after it has been distributed. That means acreage 
is not going to be planted, and it is not going to be planted because 
farmers can't cash flow. They didn't cash flow last year; they aren't 
going to cash flow this year. That is because of this stealth crisis 
that is occurring out in my State. I am alerting my colleagues, it is 
in my State today; it may be in your State tomorrow. This is a crisis 
that has no Federal response.
  The second ag supplier said:

       Yesterday, six farmers wanted anhydrous ammonia fertilizer. 
     I turned four of them away. The question this year is not, 
     ``Do you have a loan?'' but ``Is that check any good?''

  All across North Dakota, those are the kinds of questions that are 
being asked.
  Also at this meeting there were implement dealers. The implement 
dealers also had some interesting comments. One said:

       Last year, all the combines I sold went to senior citizens. 
     That should tell you something about the condition of our 
     young farmers.

  The second implement dealer said:

       In 1974 it took 5,600 bushels of wheat to buy a 250 
     horsepower four wheel drive tractor. Today it takes 26,000 
     bushels to buy the same horsepower, and it doesn't cover any 
     more ground than the old one. There just isn't any buying 
     power left in the bushels they produce.

  When asked yesterday, Why are we having this crisis in North Dakota? 
It flows from a number of factors.
  No. 1 is low prices.
  No. 2, it flows from widespread disease as a result of 5 years of 
overly wet conditions.
  No. 3 is a very weak Federal farm policy.
  Those are the fundamental causes for the crisis in our State.
  It is not just the implement dealers at this particular meeting who 
are talking about it. In addition, I have also heard from other 
implement dealers in recent news articles about the crisis in 
agriculture. Jon Sundby, a farm machinery dealer in Hillsboro, ND, 
said:

       A year ago at this time, I think we sold 42 tractors. This 
     year we have sold three.

  Mr. President, that reflects the depth of the crisis that is hitting 
North Dakota.
  Bob Lamp, the executive vice president of the North Dakota Implement 
Dealers Association, said:

       At this point, there isn't much of a market for machinery 
     because of the economy.

  Comments from implement dealers and others reflect what is happening 
all across our State. It is not just implement dealers. Ag lenders are 
also weighing in. They were at this April 23 meeting. About a week and 
a half ago that meeting occurred. As anybody in agriculture knows, if 
you don't have money to operate your farm, you simply can't farm. It is 
rare in my State for producers to farm without loans to cover their 
operating expenses. That is why ag lenders are critically important to 
farmers.
  Here is what some of them are saying about our current agricultural 
economy.
  One ag lender said at this April 23 meeting:

       Too many are trying to farm this year on credit cards --

  On credit cards--

       That is a recipe for disaster.

  I was just with somebody from the State department of agriculture. He 
had been looking at farm plans. He saw one farmer who had credit card 
advances of $130,000--$130,000 on credit cards--to farm. That is a 
recipe for disaster.
  A second ag lender said:

       The farmers in trouble are good, honest producers who are 
     suffering in silence. USDA needs to raise loan limits and 
     make interest assistance more widely available on existing 
     loans.

  A third said:

       This is, by far, the worst year ever, even considering the 
     1980s.

  Mr. President, suffering in silence, I found that. I just took a tour 
of my State, held farm meetings all across North Dakota during the 2-
week break in April, and what I found was that farm producers are 
shellshocked. They are suffering in silence. They don't know where to 
turn.
  One recommended that ``USDA needs to raise loan limits.'' He is 
exactly right. The Secretary of Agriculture supports lifting the caps 
on commodity loans, but does not have the authority to do it. The 
Congress has the authority. We are the ones who have to make a decision 
to provide some relief.
  Those loan levels are unusually low. In the 1996 farm bill, caps were 
set on wheat at $2.58 a bushel. There is no one who can farm and make 
it on $2.58 a

[[Page S4235]]

bushel. That doesn't cover your operating expenses.

  Were we to simply remove the caps, we calculate the loan rate would 
be 62 cents higher, $3.20 a bushel. That, too, is inadequate, but it 
would be a help and it is the one thing we could do quickly to put some 
money in the pockets of these farm producers who are otherwise going to 
go under.
  I indicated yesterday that we are going to lose 3,000 farmers in 
North Dakota this year. We only have 30,000. Ten percent of the people 
are going to go out of business this year, and the situation next year, 
unless we act, is going to be far worse.
  I very much hope that my colleagues are listening, because this is a 
crisis. Last year, we had a very visual crisis in North Dakota with the 
floods, the fires and the most powerful winter storm in 50 years. The 
news media paid attention. As a result, we received a strong response. 
Well, the disaster continues, but there is virtually no attention being 
paid to it. That is why I say we have a stealth disaster this year. The 
conditions are undermining our agricultural producers in a way that is 
unprecedented. We have never seen such economic hardship on the farm, 
and yet there is almost no Federal response.
  If we are going to avert disaster, the Federal Government needs to 
respond; this Congress needs to respond. Why is it? Because Congress 
passed a farm bill that forces farmers to face greater risk and succeed 
or fail based on the whims of the marketplace. It is because Congress 
has failed to act on the research title of the farm bill and has placed 
in jeopardy not only the future of agricultural research, but stability 
in our crop insurance system and rural development in the Fund for 
Rural America. Those items are funded in the research bill. It is 
because our crop insurance system is based on a formula which unfairly 
penalizes producers who experience repeated disaster, and it is 
especially because when our farmers face a disaster in crop production, 
there is no program to help.
  As I indicated yesterday, if you have a disaster in agriculture 
today, the only help is a low-interest loan. So we are saying to these 
people at the very time they don't have the money to cash flow, ``Go 
deeper into debt.'' That is no answer.
  All of these problems need to be addressed, and they need to be 
addressed as soon as possible. The livelihood of our farmers, our Main 
Street businesses, our rural infrastructure and the very health of our 
Nation depend on it.
  I have one last comment from an ag lender. This is in North Dakota, 
and he said:

       Agriculture needs to be on the top of the agenda for the 
     President, the Secretary and Congress, but, unfortunately, it 
     doesn't seem to be.

  Mr. President, we have to make it part of the agenda or we are going 
to have a calamity in North Dakota. I say to my colleagues, we are the 
first to experience this. Others of my colleagues will probably not be 
far behind, because if you have a weather disaster, if you have a 
series of bad years, as we have experienced, you will find there is 
precious little Federal assistance. That is because of the changes that 
have been made in the farm bill and other measures taken by Congress.
  I alert my colleagues, North Dakota may be experiencing this stealth 
disaster today, but our colleagues are probably not far behind. I urge 
them to pay attention to this problem. We are an early warning signal, 
just like they used to send the birds down the mine shaft to see if 
there was air. North Dakota is the little bird in the mine shaft 
warning the rest of the Nation that we have a badly flawed farm policy 
in place. A 98-percent reduction in farm income in 1 year--98 percent. 
I don't think there is another industry that could survive that kind of 
fiscal calamity. I know our industry cannot.
  Mr. President, how much time do I have remaining?
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Grassley). One minute, 24 seconds.

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