[Congressional Record Volume 144, Number 34 (Tuesday, March 24, 1998)]
[House]
[Pages H1431-H1439]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                          SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the Speaker's announced policy of 
January 7, 1997, the gentlewoman from California (Ms. Sanchez) is 
recognized for 60 minutes.
  Ms. SANCHEZ. Mr. Speaker, I am here today with my friend and 
colleague, the gentlewoman from the Virgin Islands (Ms. Christian-
Green) to

[[Page H1432]]

host this special order on one of the most important needs of children 
today, and that is the need that I call ``the fourth R,'' the need for 
room.
  There has been much talk about school construction needs. That is 
because schools across America have reached their breaking point. I 
know this is true because I have visited over 70 schools this past year 
alone in my district, and I have witnessed firsthand how schools are 
trying to house double the numbers of students they were originally 
meant to accommodate. I have seen auditoriums and closets converted 
into classrooms; and I have seen more than enough portables take over 
the school grounds.
  To highlight the need for legislation addressing school overcrowding, 
I invited Vice President Al Gore to my district last week for a town 
hall meeting on education, and during this town hall meeting the Vice 
President spoke with students and parents and administrators about the 
daily challenges they face due to crowded schools and classrooms. The 
stories we heard were heartbreaking.
  Elementary and junior high school students talked about no longer 
having playgrounds because 19 portables took up the blacktop at their 
junior high school. Parents discussed the difficulties over constant 
scheduling changes due to double sessions and year-round schooling.
  It is disappointing to see the public school that I went to as a 
child in such bad condition. Remember, I represent my own hometown. But 
I know that the Federal Government can assist our schools with the 
infrastructure needs. The Federal Government can help local schools 
without threatening local control. We can help schools save money in 
interest costs and give local investors a Federal tax break.
  My colleagues might ask, how can we do this? Through the legislation 
offered by myself and the President that will create new bond programs 
designed to give our schools the helping hand they need. It is a 
partnership between national government and local school districts and, 
really, the business community.
  These bond programs would offer interest-free bonds to schools 
seeking to finance new school construction or renovate aging schools. 
The Federal Government would provide a tax credit to investors in the 
amount of the interest that would otherwise be paid by the school.
  One of my local school districts, for example, Anaheim City school 
district, with elementary schools has a bond initiative on April 14. It 
is going to be on the ballot, and it is to pass to raise monies for a 
new elementary school. If local voters approve this bond initiative, it 
would raise almost $48 million to rehabilitate schools and to build new 
classrooms for children.
  My bill, the Expand and Rebuild America's Schools Act, could save 
Orange County taxpayers millions of dollars in interest costs and keep 
more taxpayer dollars at home at the local level.
  Let us give our schools a fair shake. Let us give them a chance to 
help themselves. This Federal tax break will lighten the load on local 
taxpayers. As an investment banker, I know this program can work. It 
will provide stimulus for local schools to pass bond initiatives and 
encourage private investment at the same time.
  Congress must pass meaningful legislation this year for school 
construction. We can help our schools through tax incentives and 
through Federal bond programs. I am looking forward to hearing from my 
colleagues about their efforts to address school construction needs and 
how their schools can benefit from Federal legislation.
  I would like to thank all of my colleagues for joining me this 
evening. At this time I yield to my colleague, the gentlewoman from the 
Virgin Islands (Ms. Christian-Green).
  Ms. CHRISTIAN-GREEN. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to join the 
gentlewoman in this special order this evening and I am pleased to join 
my other colleagues as we discuss school construction in our districts. 
We repeatedly say that our children are our future; we talk a lot about 
preparing that bridge to the 21st century. Well, Mr. Speaker and 
colleagues, the investment in our children and their education is the 
strongest bridge that we can build.
  I have listened time after time to the ongoing debate about private 
versus public education. That discussion is not productive, because 
today our schools are far from being on a level playing field. The fact 
is that our public schools have not been provided with the tools they 
need to prepare our children, to educate them, and to help them develop 
into the productive citizens that they can be and whom we need to 
enable this country to compete globally.
  Primary among the deficiencies which impede the proper education of 
our children is the fact that in all of our districts, States and 
territories alike, there are too many schools which are dilapidated, 
unsafe, or do not have the necessary infrastructure to accommodate the 
technology that is needed to educate our children for this century, not 
to mention the next one.
  My district, the Virgin Islands, is currently plagued with schools 
that are structurally inadequate, mostly due to damage from several 
powerful hurricanes over recent years; but insufficient funds to 
properly maintain the facilities have also taken its toll. Last year, 
the Virgin Islands Department of Education reported that there were 
air-conditioning deficiencies, inadequate infrastructure, shortages of 
classroom space even at the kindergarten level, dysfunctional locker 
rooms and bathrooms, lack of water fountains, substandard cafeteria 
facilities, potentially dangerous electrical hookups, and more. In 
fact, the St. Thomas-St. John district proposed repairs of new 
construction totaling over $40 million. At least the same amount will 
be needed to bring St. Croix's long-neglected schools up to standard as 
well.
  So, Mr. Speaker, if we indeed believe that the children are our 
future and that the work of our village is to be the raising of our 
children, we are not doing the very best job. In fact, the majority of 
America's children who happen to be in the public school system are 
being neglected.
  I feel that just as it is a criminal offense for families to neglect 
children, it is also a criminal offense that it happens within 
America's family, and it is to our shame. The children of this country 
spend most of their waking hours in schools. Looking at the schools we 
give them, we are saying to them day after day that we do not care 
about their well-being or their education.
  And Mr. Speaker, they are getting the message. They are letting us 
know in clear messages of their own just how they feel about it.
  So we cannot speak about improving education or opportunity in this 
country if we do not begin by putting the facilities in which our 
children spend most of their time, our schools, in order.
  That is why I support the President's initiative which provides over 
$22 billion for school construction bonds, as well as the legislation 
of the gentleman from New York (Mr. Rangel), the Public School 
Modernization Act of 1998, which provides for an education zone 
program, as well as a school construction bond program; and I also 
fully support H.R. 2695, the bill sponsored by the gentlewoman from 
California, the Expand and Rebuild America's Schools Act which would 
set up a pilot bond program to assist local education agencies and 
provide additional classrooms necessary to meet the ballooning needs of 
those communities.
  These are initiatives that put our money where our children are.
  Mr. Speaker, I want to take this time to commend my colleagues who 
have provided leadership on this issue, such as the gentlewoman from 
California (Ms. Sanchez) as well as the gentleman from New York (Mr. 
Rangel), the gentlewoman from New York (Mrs. Lowey), the gentleman from 
New York (Mr. Owens), and others who have labored long in this very 
same vineyard. I am pleased to join them in supporting the bill of the 
gentlewoman from California (Ms. Sanchez) and the American public 
schools and supporting our children. I will continue to do so as long 
and until all of the needs of our children are met.
  Mr. Speaker, before I close and turn this over to my colleague who 
will be speaking, I want to take the opportunity to welcome the 
gentlewoman from California (Mrs. Capps). I was not able to be here 
when the gentlewoman was sworn in last week, and we welcome her in many 
respects, but we

[[Page H1433]]

know that she has been committed for a long time to our children and 
that she will join us as we work to provide better schools for all of 
America's children.
  Ms. SANCHEZ. Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentleman from North 
Carolina (Mr. Etheridge).
  Mr. ETHERIDGE. Mr. Speaker, I thank my good friend, the gentlewoman 
from California (Ms. Sanchez) for organizing this special order this 
evening and for giving us an opportunity to focus attention on the 
urgent needs that our States and our communities have as we work to 
provide schools, quality schools and quality facilities for our 
children so that they can meet the challenges of the 21st century.
  Mr. Speaker, I could not help but think as the previous speakers were 
talking and both of the gentlewomen were talking about school 
construction, what a different world it would be if children could 
vote. We would not be arguing about school facilities this evening; we 
would have them. We would not be talking about the need for 
infrastructure and having the kinds of technology that our schools 
need, and we would not be talking about all of these things that 
children need to be prepared for the 21st century. We would have it.
  Mr. Speaker, prior to my service in this body, I served for 8 years 
as the elected superintendent of schools in the State of North 
Carolina. I have probably spent more time in school classrooms than any 
other member of this Congress.
  In fact, just this morning, I taught all the 6th graders; well, I am 
not sure I taught, I spoke with the 6th graders at Terrell Lane Middle 
School in Louisburg, North Carolina, and we talked about the government 
and how they respond to government. We had a delightful time. But I can 
tell my colleagues from my experience that there are some wonderful 
things going on in the public schools in my State of North Carolina and 
in the schools across the country.
  I can also tell my colleagues that we need to invest to upgrade our 
infrastructure, to relieve the overcrowding, to reduce class sizes, and 
to restore a sense of order and discipline for a solid learning 
environment in the schools of this country. Every day in America 
countless elementary and secondary school students are forced to attend 
classes in trailers, closets, portable classrooms, and substandard 
facilities.
  In Wake County, which happens to be the county of our capital city, 
that county has 13,000 children who go to school every day in a 
trailer. In fact, in communities throughout the United States, we have 
an urgent need to build new schools, reduce overcrowding and class 
sizes, and improve good discipline and provide for quality instruction.
  The General Accounting Office has officially estimated that 
nationwide, there exist in America some $112 billion in unmet needs for 
modern school facilities. That does not even address the need for 
technology. In North Carolina alone, the School Capital Construction 
Study Commission reports that the most comprehensive study that has 
ever been done in our State identified school construction needs of 
more than $6.2 billion worth of needs.
  As a former school superintendent of schools, I know that we cannot 
expect our children to learn in substandard physical facilities. We 
cannot ask our teachers to maintain the kind of order in an environment 
that is conducive to learning if we relegate them to second-class 
infrastructure. We cannot adequately prepare the next generation to 
tackle the challenges of the 21st century if we fail to meet the needs 
of modern school facilities.
  We would not dare, at a Chamber of Commerce meeting, to invite a new 
business to town and put them in the kind of buildings we put some of 
our children in to learn.

                              {time}  2130

  The problem is bad, and it is getting worse. Growing communities 
suffer under tremendous strain of overcrowded schools. Just last week 
the number crunchers at the Census Bureau confirmed what many of us 
have known for a long time: that our communities are cracking at the 
seams.
  Since 1990 in my home State of North Carolina, my home county has 
grown by 18.9 percent. Johnston County, an adjoining county, has grown 
by 25.3 percent. Our capital county of Wake has grown by a whopping 
29.4 percent. State legislatures from California to Virginia are 
struggling to provide the funds to build the schools that we need. I 
believe it is now time for Congress to do their part.
  The administration has requested that Congress approve in next year's 
balanced budget a plan to provide $19.4 billion in assistance to States 
for construction, rehabilitation, or repair of public school buildings. 
Under the administration's plan, our State, my own State, would receive 
roughly $300 million for school construction.
  I support the administration's plan, but I am also working on my own 
initiative to target additional school construction resources to those 
fast-growing States like North Carolina. We happen to be the second 
fastest growing State in the United States. North Carolina happens to 
be second only to California in growth.
  The Secretary of Education has projected that over the next 10 years 
our State will experience the second largest growth rate in the country 
in the number of students enrolled in high school. This phenomenon is 
known as the Baby Boom Echo. It will present some immense challenges 
all across the country for school systems that are already under the 
stress of rapid growth.
  I am drafting legislation to provide $7.2 billion in school 
construction bonds over the next 10 years specifically to those growing 
States that we know will need the resources, and many cannot meet those 
needs. My bill will be fully paid for by closing an obscure tax 
loophole that some seek to use to finance a risky voucher scheme.
  The Etheridge bill is a commonsense approach to a very real and 
urgent problem. Members can be sure that I plan to work to the end of 
this 105th Congress, and I challenge my colleagues to join me. And once 
again, I thank my colleagues who are here this evening for organizing 
the special order to call attention to the tremendous need in school 
facilities all across the country. The children of America deserve 
quality facilities if we want quality education.
  I say to the members, our teachers are doing an outstanding job in 
conditions that no business would put many of their employees in.
  Ms. CHRISTIAN-GREEN. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman from North 
Carolina. If we here in Congress worked in some of those facilities in 
the same type of disrepair that our teachers have to work in and our 
children go to school in, we would probably not be doing a very good 
job, either.
  Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentlewoman from the 22nd District of 
California (Mrs. Lois Capps).
  Mrs. CAPPS. Mr. Speaker, my thanks to the gentlewoman from the Virgin 
Islands (Ms. Christian-Green).
  Mr. Speaker, schools are so essential in our future. I firmly believe 
that it is our responsibility as a society to ensure that our schools 
are not failing our children. Rather, the role of schools is to assist 
families by providing a safe, even uplifting educational setting so 
that each child's full potential can be realized.
  As a school nurse in the Santa Barbara school system for over 20 
years, I have seen firsthand the damage that deteriorating schools can 
do. Students cannot thrive academically if they are learning in 
overcrowded and crumbling buildings.
  As the gentlewoman just mentioned, imagine how hard it would be for 
all of us in Congress to work if we had to dodge falling plaster or 
work in our hallways or contend with leaky roofs. It would surely 
interfere with our concentration, and this is exactly what is happening 
to children all over the country at the most critical time in their 
lives for learning.
  According to the General Accounting Office, one out of every three 
schools in America needs extensive repair or replacement. Surely we can 
do better than that for our children. Education is, first, a local and 
a State issue, but I believe that we have a responsibility to get 
involved at the Federal level as well. There is a role for us here.
  This is a local problem which deserves a national response. When 
local school bond measures fail, local communities, with school boards, 
parents,

[[Page H1434]]

and teachers, need to find other resources to turn to. The proposed 
legislation will assist local districts in providing that option for 
educational settings that are quality for all of our students.
  Today I have cosponsored two bills which address this problem. The 
first is introduced by my colleague, the gentlewoman from New York 
(Mrs. Lowey), which will provide $5 billion in Federal funding for 
school construction across the Nation. Half of these funds would be 
distributed to the States and the remaining half would target 100 
school districts with the largest number of students living in poverty. 
For the first time, the Federal Government will enter into a 
partnership with our local communities to rejuvenate our ailing 
schools.
  Another innovative approach introduced by my colleague, the 
gentlewoman from California (Mrs. Tauscher), incorporates the use of 
State infrastructure banks which will be created with Federal seed 
money, and then offer a flexible menu of loan and credit enhancement 
assistance to local school districts.
  I am also interested in proposals raised by Vice President Gore, 
where State governments could help schools issue bonds to modernize 
school facilities. Schools would owe only the principal to investors, 
who would receive interest in the form of Federal tax credit. This is a 
great idea. California has made real progress in school construction, 
and yet in my own district I have seen classrooms, being held in 
hallways, teachers lounges, utility rooms, and auditoriums.
  On the other hand, when it goes well, we have so much to be proud of. 
Just three weeks ago I had the pleasure of touring the Sinsheimer 
School in St. San Luis Obispo. I was amazed with the advanced state of 
their school technology program which allows children easy access to 
modern computer labs.
  The same is true at the Joe Nightingale School in Santa Maria, which 
was chosen as a blue ribbon school by the Department of Education 
because of its superior test scores and community-wide commitment to 
technology.
  I have also had the pleasure of visiting recently Goleta's Kellogg 
School, another fine example of educational technology at work. If only 
all of our children could have such state of the art classrooms and 
programs to return to each morning.
  Really, this is what it is all about, ensuring that all children, no 
matter what their economic status or the economic status of their 
community, that all children have safe, clean, adequate schools to 
attend each day. We must set our standards high, challenging our 
teachers and students to be the best they could be and providing them 
with the tools to do so.
  Today we are preparing students for jobs in the new economy, where 
technological skills are of the highest importance. To do this, 
students must be learning in school facilities which are well-equipped 
and up to date, including modern science labs and adequate wiring for 
access to computers and to the Internet.

  We are not keeping up with these demands, and we simply cannot afford 
to look the other way another minute. America is only as good as its 
schools. We know that. We cannot prepare our children for the 21st 
century in outdated schools. Let us make this a priority for our 
children and for ourselves.
  Ms. SANCHEZ. Mr. Speaker, I would just like to thank our new 
colleague, and also say, considering that she is from California, that 
these initiatives are so important for our State in particular.
  For example, the proposal that the President and Vice President Gore 
have with respect to interest credits is so important, when we take a 
look at the fact that when we pass a local bond issue to build new 
schools, in California we need two-thirds of the vote affirmative in 
order to pass that.
  By saying that the Federal Government will give tax credits to pay 
the interest cost, what we are actually doing is giving an incentive to 
those on a local basis to take the responsibility on of building 
schools in their communities, and saying, we are going to help you 
hand-in-hand to ensure that the students of the gentlewoman's area, who 
are the students of America, are going to succeed in the future.
  Mrs. CAPPS. If I could respond to the gentlewoman, that is exactly 
why, even though this is my second week on this job, during my campaign 
countless parents told me how critical this is to them in the State of 
California, where local bond issues do fail, and where we can, as the 
Congress, offer not a heavy hand but just a helping hand, a loan or 
seed money for an interest on a bank loan. That is what we are talking 
about.
  Ms. SANCHEZ. I thank the gentlewoman. Now I yield to our good 
colleague, the gentleman from Maine (Mr. Tom Allen), from the other 
coast of the United States.
  Mr. ALLEN. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman from California (Ms. 
Sanchez) and the gentlewoman from the Virgin Islands (Ms. Christian-
Green) for organizing this event tonight, and to say to our newest 
Representative in Congress, it is great to have her here. She is going 
to be a wonderful Representative for her district, I say to the 
gentlewoman from California (Mrs. Capps), and I am very glad to see the 
gentlewoman here.
  Mr. Speaker, it is springtime in Maine. When I say springtime in 
Maine, I do not mean the snow is gone, because it is still on the 
ground. When I say springtime in Maine, that it is springtime in Maine, 
I am just saying it is after March 21. What that means to most 
municipalities in Maine and most school administrative districts is 
that budget time is coming.
  For 6 years I was a member of the Portland City Council. I read six 
Portland school committee budgets. I went to all of our schools in the 
city, and I worked with members of the school committee trying to put 
together budgets that work for our community.
  Since I have been a Member of Congress, I have talked in schools all 
around the District. I have talked to superintendents, school committee 
members, parents, teachers, principals, all trying to get a grip on the 
problems we have with our schools, and what we need to do in order to 
make sure that our children get the best possible education that will 
prepare them for the 21st century.
  We have a late spring in Maine. We have, frankly, not much of a 
spring. We are not even in mud season yet. But I know that the debate 
is already beginning, because the way we fund our schools in Maine is 
primarily, almost entirely, with State money and with local money; now 
more local money than State money. That is raised on the basis of 
property taxes.
  So every year in certain communities around the State of Maine we 
have a huge debate among those who are trying to hold down property 
taxes and those who are trying to make sure that the kids in that 
particular community have a fair chance to get a good education and 
move ahead. That debate is repeated all across the country. This is a 
national problem.
  If we expect our children to grow, to prosper, to learn, we have to 
take account of the environments in which we are asking them to do 
that. With the current condition of our Nation's public schools, the 
question we have to ask is, what message are we sending to our 
children? One out of every three schools in this country needs 
extensive repair or replacement.
  Nearly 60 percent of schools in this country have at least one major 
building feature in disrepair: maybe a leaking roof, maybe a wall that 
is not quite what it should be, maybe stairs that are deteriorating, 
but major problems. Nearly one out of every three schools in this 
country was built before World War II.
  There is a recent report by the American Society of Civil Engineers 
which found that the only infrastructure category in the United States 
to receive a failing grade is our schools, the only infrastructure 
category in the country. It will cost $112 billion to repair, renovate, 
and modernize our existing schools, and another $60 billion over the 
next decade will be needed for new school construction.
  Back in Maine we have some very good schools. We have some schools 
that are relatively new, but we also have some schools that are run 
down, that are not being renovated, that are not being replaced when 
they should be. It always comes back to that debate in the spring when 
some communities, some school administrative districts, realize they 
simply cannot afford to bring their schools up to the level of quality 
that they think they need.

[[Page H1435]]

  Just in terms of numbers, in Maine there is about $60 million in 
urgent health, safety, and legal compliance needs in the public 
schools. The total repair and renovation needs may be as high as $637 
million. More than one-half of the schools in Maine have unsatisfactory 
environmental conditions. Air quality conditions are aggravating asthma 
problems. That is a leading cause for absenteeism.

                              {time}  2145

  And some schools are really being forced to close unsafe schools.
  Now, as I said before, the question always comes up: How do we pay 
for these schools? We have had referenda in some communities where the 
school budget has been voted down not once but two or three or four 
times before we get a school budget through, and that is often just for 
the operating expenses. And when communities have that kind of struggle 
over the operating expenses, they cannot get there in terms of funding 
the schools.
  The people are saying we need new schools, but we cannot figure out 
how to pay for them. The Federal Government pays only 7 percent of 
education costs around the country and we could do a little bit more to 
help our local property taxpayers, to help our local communities and 
school administrative districts do some school renovations, school 
expansions, and school repairs.
  The Federal Government, I believe, should support States and local 
school districts, help them afford the costs of school construction and 
modernization. I think that we in Congress can be proud of the fact 
that the 1997 Taxpayer Relief Act established qualified zone academy 
bonds, and they provide a source of capital at little or no interest. 
Now, while those qualified zone academy bonds are a step in the right 
direction, we need to do more.
  Democrats in this House, including the gentlewoman from California 
(Ms. Sanchez) have put forth a number of initiatives which support 
school construction and modernization. We need to deal with those 
proposals. We need those proposals to be debated here on the floor, not 
after hours, but while we are engaged in our legislative work.
  It is time to say to our children and parents around this country 
that children remain our top priority for the 21st century. Our goal 
this decade, this century, has got to be to leave no child behind, and 
we cannot do that if we are trying to teach in crumbling schools around 
the country. It is time for a new national initiative to help not to 
take over the school system, but simply to afford some financial 
assistance to our States and local communities to help them upgrade the 
quality of our schools.
  Mr. Speaker, I just want to say ``thank you'' to both the gentlewoman 
from California (Ms. Sanchez) and the gentlewoman from the Virgin 
Islands (Ms. Christian-Green) tonight for bringing us here to talk 
about this very important issue. I look forward to working with them 
both to make sure that we get something done.
  Ms. CHRISTIAN-GREEN. Mr. Speaker, we thank the gentleman from Maine 
(Mr. Allen) for joining us this evening.
  Mr. Speaker, I would now like to yield to the gentleman from 
Pennsylvania (Mr. Klink) for such time as he may consume.
  Mr. KLINK. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman for yielding to me, 
and it is so nice to join my colleagues from the Virgin Islands to 
California, from Maine to North Carolina and all the States in between 
to talk about something that really, this is an issue that really comes 
down to good Democratic Party ideals, something that we believe in.
  So much has been said tonight about the shortfall in investment in 
our schools and the need that we have. We have heard the statistics and 
too often these statistics just become raw numbers that we start 
throwing around, millions and billions and shortfalls, but there are 
real stories that are tied to the numbers that we are discussing on the 
floor tonight.
  There are a couple of things that happen, and I think if we look at 
western Pennsylvania, we are in many ways a composite of what is going 
on around the whole Nation. In cities like Pittsburgh and communities 
like Aliquippa and Ambridge and Beaver Falls, those old industrial 
communities people have left because those industries have closed down, 
and when they leave there they move into a suburban area or they move 
to other parts of our Nation.
  When they move to a new area, we have to build new schools because 
the population is increasing. We have to build new highways. We have to 
make an investment in infrastructure. And what is left behind is a 
shrinking tax base of primarily elderly people, people who do not have 
the means to be able to pay property taxes, people who do not have the 
good jobs, but they are stuck in those communities.
  So what we are looking for is some help from State and Federal 
Government to say to the kids who are stuck in these communities that 
we are going to help, that we care; that as this Nation begins to move 
from the Industrial Age into the Information Technology Age that we are 
here as a Nation to establish an agenda to make sure that no child is 
left behind; that we are investing in safe schools, we are investing in 
building more space, more classrooms so people are not jammed in. We 
are investing in modern schools so that we do not have leaky roofs or 
asbestos that can cause harm to those kids.
  In fact, I was on the floor a little earlier during the 5-minute 
segments, talking about the fact that it has been projected by our 
Commerce Department and by those people in the Information Technology 
Association of America that between now and the year 2006 we are going 
to need 1.3 million new workers in the information technology field. 
What are we doing in this Nation to be able to train the students for 
those jobs? In fact, the industry has said we do not want to do that; 
we would rather import workers.
  Now, I have got a problem with this. When we have got a lot of 
workers out there, like in my region of the country, southwestern 
Pennsylvania, during the 1970s and 1980s we lost 155,000 industrial 
jobs. During the debate on NAFTA, we admitted as a Nation that we were 
going to watch many of what we called the low-wage, entry-level 
manufacturing jobs move off shore, but the new economy, the Information 
Age, was going to ping up our work force and create tens of thousands 
of jobs.
  Well, if we are going to import workers from other nations rather 
than spending money on schools, rather than spending money on training 
the students and retraining that displaced work force, what kind of a 
Nation are we? We should be looking at our people in this country. We 
certainly want to be a Nation that welcomes people; we have always done 
that. My family were immigrants from Europe. Other families are 
immigrants. We welcome that. But we also have a responsibility to give 
hope to the sons and daughters of the taxpayers who built this Nation.
  And if we are going through a difficult time where we enter a 
worldwide economy, this Nation has to be willing to put its money where 
its mouth is. We have to be willing to invest from the Federal level on 
down in the building of schools, in the creation of more classrooms and 
the modernization of the teaching technologies that will match the 
technologies that these same students will be using in the workplace.
  Those schools need to be safe. Those schools need to be effective. 
And we have seen study after study where the atmosphere of the school, 
the condition of the building, obviously has an impression on the 
ability of the students to learn and the teachers to teach. If people 
are going to work in any job in the worst conditions, in the worst 
physical plant, they cannot do the best job. And as a young 
impressionable student, if they are going to school in a school that is 
falling apart and the roof is leaking and windows are broken and there 
are dangers of asbestos and other kinds of things in the school 
building, then they cannot learn and the teachers cannot teach and they 
have a whole bad idea of their own self-esteem, the self-esteem of the 
school where they are coming from and they say, what is there to strive 
for?

  Mr. Speaker, we owe our children better. And that is why I would like 
to thank both of my colleagues for moving forward with an idea that 
stands up for what the Democratic Party believes in. We believe that we 
have to take a nationwide view of where this country is going, of how 
this country is going to compete in a worldwide economy;

[[Page H1436]]

how we are going to prepare our work force, both those students who are 
growing up now, our sons and daughters as they are getting ready to 
enter the work force, and those workers who, as we have gone from a 
manufacturing industrial base technology into a technology that is 
information based, that is scientific based, that is technologically 
based, that we give them the tools, give them the schools, make the 
investment in those workers for training and for retraining so that we 
can educate that work force. Those people need to become taxpayers, not 
tax recipients.
  Mr. Speaker, that is what this party stands for. That is why I am 
proud to be a Democrat. That is why I am proud to stand here at almost 
10 o'clock when many people are home, but my colleagues are here 
working because we cannot talk about these things during the day. These 
things are not brought up on the floor during the day. They are not 
bills that are put on the calendar that we can vote on, even though 70 
percent-plus of the American public believes we need to invest. The 
Federal Government needs to join the State government in investing, so 
that the burden does not fall only on those people paying property 
taxes, so that we are not taxing the elderly out of their homes by 
forcing the local government to raise all the taxes and to make their 
own determination as to how they can build school buildings.
  So we need to find a national answer, and we in the Federal 
Government as the representatives of 500,000 people that reside in our 
district have that responsibility. We have that responsibility as 
Democrats, as Republicans, as independents, as citizens of this great 
Nation.
  Mr. Speaker, I thank my colleagues for their leadership on this 
issue, and thank them for the time to join them, and to them I say, 
``May God bless you for your efforts.''
  Ms. CHRISTIAN-GREEN. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman from 
Pennsylvania very much for joining us. We want to call on our 
colleagues to bring these issues to the floor for a vote, as the 
gentleman from Maine (Mr. Allen) said. It is important for us to gather 
here this evening to discuss the needs for school construction in all 
of our districts, but to be effective at doing this, we must bring it 
to debate on the floor when Congress is in session and vote on these 
issues and make sure that in voting we leave no child behind, as he has 
said.
  The gentleman from North Carolina (Mr. Etheridge) mentioned the 
``Baby Boom Echo,'' which is a Department of Education report which 
highlights the need for expanding our Nation's classrooms. That report 
says that it is predicted that K through 12 enrollments will be at an 
all-time high of 52.2 million by this fall, and by 2007 the number will 
reach 54.3 million. The Secretary of Education anticipates that 6,000 
schools need to be built over the next 10 years to accommodate this 
school population increase.
  These are the kinds of issues that H.R. 2695 is to address, and I 
think we could spend the few more minutes remaining to us to highlight 
some of the points in the bill offered by the gentlewoman from 
California (Ms. Sanchez).


                             General Leave

  Ms. SANCHEZ. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members 
may have 5 legislative days within which to revise and extend their 
remarks on the subject of this special order.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Lewis of Kentucky). Is there objection 
to the request of the gentlewoman from California?
  There was no objection.
  Ms. SANCHEZ. Mr. Speaker, thank you for the opportunity to talk about 
the particular bill that I have introduced into the floor here.
  I have here a chart that I want to go over so that I can somewhat 
explain some of the situation that is going on. Mr. Speaker, tonight we 
have many of our colleagues here from across the Nation. This is not 
just a California problem. It is not just an Anaheim problem or a Santa 
Ana problem. It is really an opportunity for us to make the room to 
educate our children.
  Remember that the schoolhouse is not only the room in which we 
educate our children of the Nation, but we also use our school 
buildings for other reasons. Boy Scout and Girl Scout meetings, special 
meetings of the community, and we do ESL classes at night for new 
immigrants who want to learn English. So the schoolrooms are actually 
used more often than just the 5 or 6 hours during the school day.
  On this chart, this is the projected increase of children in the next 
10 years across the United States. And we see here we have the five 
fastest growing as far as projection of schoolchildren, the five 
fastest growing States: California, Hawaii, New Mexico, Utah, Idaho at 
about 16 percent to 11 percent, growing in the next 10 years.
  Now here is the interesting point. Here is the Anaheim Elementary 
School District, the elementary schools of my hometown, and we are 
growing at a 25 percent rate. Let me tell my colleagues, Anaheim is a 
major city. It is the home of Disneyland. But I have a city right next 
to it, Santa Ana, and Santa Ana is also a major city and it has the 
youngest population of a major city across the United States. What does 
that tell us? We are full of youngsters in these towns. And we are 
growing at a 25 percent rate and yet, for example, in Santa Ana, we 
have 600 portable classrooms. Now, if we do the math, 600 portable 
classrooms is the equivalent of 27 elementary schools. New elementary 
schools. Where have we put these portable classrooms? We have put them 
on blacktop, on the places where our children used to play basketball 
and dodgeball, and where they used to play soccer on the green fields, 
on the staff parking lots. We are actually using more and more of the 
playground and the other amenities that we need.
  Mr. Speaker, I have gone to schools. One of the things about growing 
up in the same area that I represent is that I have gone to the same 
schools that I went to.

                              {time}  2200

  We used to have, a ``breezeway'' we used to call it, a separate hall. 
It is a tunnel between classrooms where you have a large amount of 
classrooms so that the teacher would not have to take the children all 
the way around all the building, of all the classrooms, you had to wait 
to cut in between. And that separate hall now has doors up on it and it 
has become a classroom. The broom closet of the janitor, the place 
where he used to store his round barrel with all the push brooms and 
everything, has now become an office of a therapist who now deals with 
6 special ed children. These are the classrooms of today.
  And I have classrooms in my district that actually do not have a 
classroom assigned to them, classes that, thank God, we are in Southern 
California, they teach outside; and on a rainy day, like when we have 
El Nino, we put them in a classroom where there is already a class 
going on, and it makes it very difficult to learn in those situations.
  So not only are we bulging at the seams already, not only have we 
used up our space and now to the equivalent of 27 elementary schools, 
for example, but on top of that we have this almost double-growing 
happening in our area.
  And that is why I say it is a local concern, it is the responsibility 
of people in local communities to stand up and say we need to do 
something about it and we want to do something about it. But it is also 
important for us to help at the Federal level, especially when we 
cannot build a school fast enough to house the growth that is going on. 
That is why these tax incentives are important. That is why we need to 
get involved.
  Now let me tell my colleagues, it is not just willy-nilly; we are not 
just saying, oh, here, let us give away tax dollars up here. First of 
all, the restrictions on these are, for example, you must have already 
as a school district done something to help alleviate this problem.
  Let me tell my colleagues what they have done at home. We have gone 
to year-round school. We do not go traditionally September through June 
any longer, and take the 3 months off of vacation time in the summer. 
And that is tough. Think about the fact that Southern California is a 
desert, so during the summer it is very warm in the classrooms, and 
those classrooms were not built with air conditioners. So in those 
classrooms where we might have had the funds to put an air conditioner

[[Page H1437]]

in, usually the air conditioner is louder than the teacher in the 
classroom. So it makes it very difficult to learn even if we have air 
conditioning in the classroom.
  So we have done things. We have gone to year-round school. In fact, 
in Anaheim, if our bond issue does not pass on April 14, what will 
happen is we will go to double sessions, little kids going early in the 
morning to school and others coming home late at night after 5:00 p.m., 
when it is already dark at times during the year walking home or coming 
home. It is a very dangerous situation to be in.
  Or what happens if you are a mother with 2 or 3 children, some going 
to the a.m. schedule, some going to the p.m. schedule, 1 of them going 
to a junior high that is on the traditional 9-month schedule, your 
other 2 children in the elementary school district going on the year-
round schedule? How are you supposed to get your children there, take 
vacation, plan for the family? Think about that.
  Or think about the fact that now we are having double or triple 
sessions of our children when they go to lunch and when our children 
stand 15 minutes in line to get their lunch. They sit down and have got 
3 minutes to eat it because they have got to clear the picnic table for 
the next set of children to come on in. They have tried to solve their 
problems effectively, but it is still not enough.
  Here is another problem that occurs for example: If you are using the 
school all the time, when do you do the normal wear-and-tear 
maintenance? How do you paint the graffiti out when the kids are there 
all the time? It becomes very difficult. Do you pay the custodian more 
to come in on Saturdays and Sundays? Because that is overtime; that is 
extra time. How do you make sure the kids' fingerprints do not show up 
on the wet paint because you cannot get it dry overnight? These are the 
difficulties that we are fighting, just very practical difficulties.
  Secondly, what other incentive, what other restriction do we have? 
The business community must be involved in the school district. And we 
have very many partnership companies that have adopted schools that are 
helping with the technology aspect of schools. This is another thing 
that we put in.
  Third, another way to qualify, another qualification that you need 
for this bill that we have got. They must have some children, at least 
35 percent, who are on the school lunch program, i.e., it is a lower 
income area, someone who really needs the help. Because we were talking 
about property taxes earlier and there are really some school districts 
in dire straits.
  Now, the issues for renovation that we already passed in the Tax 
Relief Act this past August targets the 100 most poverty-stricken 
school districts across the Nation. But there are even more who need 
help. I have to tell my colleagues, I know just how much we need help 
because, it is a shame to say, but one of my school districts qualifies 
in that top 100 poverty-stricken school districts across the Nation.
  But my bill would require that they meet some basic provisions; that 
we have a low income level; secondly, that the business community is 
working with them; and third, that they try to do something to help 
with the situation that they have before they would qualify to have the 
opportunity to try to pass a bond issue again, remembering in 
California this is a two-thirds vote, 66.7 percent of the people who 
come to vote must say yes, and then they would get a tax incentive 
provision to those investors in the bonds that would allow the interest 
cost to be picked up basically by the Federal Government.
  So it is not just willy-nilly, it is really for those school 
districts like Anaheim Elementary School that have come forward and 
said, we need to do something, let us work very hard to get this bond 
issue passed; and it is a way for the Federal Government to say, we 
understand the need that you have there, we believe that ``the fourth 
R'' is important, and we are going to help you with that.
  Ms. CHRISTIAN-GREEN. Mr. Speaker, I think we need to commend those 
school districts where they have made the effort to ease the 
overcrowding through creatively trying to address it. But as my 
colleague has pointed out, in many of those instances where they have 
tried to accommodate the overcrowded classrooms, our children have 
suffered. They have to rush. They have no playroom space.
  And so the whole educational environment is compromised, and so they 
do not get the kind of nurturing and support that school is supposed to 
provide; and so it is very important that we pass bills such as yours 
to provide additional classrooms and alleviate that overcrowding and, 
in a sense, reward some of those schools that have really worked very 
hard to keep the standards of their classrooms up and relieve the 
overcrowding.

  Ms. SANCHEZ. Mr. Speaker, one of the other things that is happening 
is that we are realizing as a nation that the smaller amount of kids we 
have in the classroom with the teacher the more they learn. We have 
tried in California for the past 18 months the 20-to-1 ratio. Our kids, 
we used to have 28, 32, 40 kids sometimes to every teacher in the 
classroom. So we tried in the beginning classes, first grade, second 
grade, third grade, to try to accommodate and go to 20-to-1 ratio. We 
put the money forward to do that, and we have brought on new teachers.
  There is also a teacher problem; but we brought on new teachers, we 
cut it down to 20-to-1. And where we have done that up and down the 
State of California, we have seen an improvement in test scores. 
Teachers that work with the children in the classrooms say this is the 
best thing they have ever seen, our children are learning. And guess 
what? No classrooms.
  Here is another problem. We know what works: more outreach, more time 
with each child. It requires more rooms in which to teach. I noticed 
that the President's initiative, as it came forward in the budget, had 
an 18-to-1 ratio that he wants to try to implement across the United 
States. Why? Because it works. We know it works. We have tested it in 
California. We are there. The problem is ``the fourth R,'' where do we 
find the room for this to happen?
  Ms. CHRISTIAN-GREEN. I do not know if my colleague has ever 
experienced double sessions, but when I was a PTA president and served 
on the board of education in the Virgin Islands, we had double 
sessions; we had our children getting up in the dark, coming home in 
the dark, and it is a very unsatisfactory situation for children to 
have to go through in trying to just get a basic education. So we do 
not want our children to have to go through that again.
  Another point that was made was that schools are used for more than 
just educating our children; and also as we have realized how important 
it is to have small class size, we have realized the important role 
that school facilities can play in our community for the enrichment and 
the learning of the entire community. And so again it even underscores 
much more strongly how important it is that we have facilities that can 
meet the many and varied needs of the community that we represent and 
that we serve.
  Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentlewoman yield?
  Ms. SANCHEZ. I yield to the gentleman from Arkansas.
  Mr. SNYDER. I wanted to add my voice of support for what my 
colleagues are talking about tonight. In Arkansas, I kind of divide our 
State into areas of rapid growth, the suburban areas; and then we also 
have the areas in which we have had lots of growth. And in all those 
areas there is a need for help with funding for school construction.
  Our rapid-growth areas, I talk with superintendents, and each year 
they talk about how can we keep up with the growth of the next year, 
another elementary class? The problem we have with the folks that lose 
population is how do they keep up with the old school buildings?
  I go, as I am sure all of my colleagues do, into the school buildings 
and take tours and meet the kids; and I went into one classroom and 
there was a huge hole in the wall. And every year they would patch it, 
but it is a structural problem and it leaks. And so those kids go in 
there every day to see the area where plaster is falling off the wall, 
yet we consider this as one of our very premier high schools in 
Arkansas, and I think it is a real problem.
  It is too easy for us sitting here in Washington to say, that is a 
local problem, it is a State problem, it is not

[[Page H1438]]

anything we should worry about. And yet we expect our kids to be 
competitive around the world in jobs. We expect our kids to go into 
military and provide national defense. We expect our kids to be top, 
premier scientists to compete with the rest of the world. And yet we 
are going to turn our back on these school building problems, which I 
think is a real big part of what makes our kids do well in math and 
science with reading skills that we all expect.
  So I do not know what the answer is in terms of the bill. But I know 
the first part of it is to call attention to the problem, and I commend 
my colleagues for doing it. In fact, I was back at my apartment 
watching C-SPAN and I thought, by gosh, I want to get in my two cents' 
worth on this issue. Because it is a big issue for Arkansas, and I 
appreciate my colleagues doing the work on it.
  Ms. CHRISTIAN-GREEN. Mr. Speaker, we appreciate our colleague running 
over to join us and offering those words of encouragement and support.
  Ms. SANCHEZ. I want to add something to that. My colleague talked 
about how we want our children to compete and be the best in the world. 
And we know that we are in an information age now, we are in the 21st 
century. I just had the Vice President out and he is a big pusher of 
technology in the classroom, and I was trying to tell him that in 
Anaheim Elementary, here is another reason why we need that bond issue 
passed on April 14. We have 3, count them, 3 phone lines into each of 
our elementary schools. That means when people call, to call in their 
kids being sick that morning, there are only 3 phone lines they can 
call in.
  If someone needs to fax something, they are going to be using one of 
those phone lines. If the principal needs to be talking to somebody or 
making a phone call out, he or she is going to be using one of those 
phone lines. There are only 3 phone lines into that entire school.
  If the teacher is in a classroom and an emergency is going on, there 
is no phone line into her classroom. Somebody has to get through the 
phone line at the front office and then somebody has to run down to 
that teacher's classroom and tell her something is going on and get the 
problem solved. Only 3 phone lines at a time.
  Think about it, in our own businesses, imagine if in our businesses 
we had 60 managers and we had all these clients coming in and we had 
only 3 lines coming into our office, 3 lines in which to fax, et 
cetera, and call and take calls outside and bring calls in. How much 
work would we really get done?
  And then add this to it. If we wanted to be on the Internet on your 
computers, if we wanted to be connected to the rest of the world the 
way all of us are now connected, we cannot do it on 3 phone lines 
alone. And that is why we need to put money not just to buy them 
computers or bring them computers or to get them connected, but to redo 
the infrastructure that our children use.
  Ms. CHRISTIAN-GREEN. Well, I do not know if there are any points that 
my colleague still wants to bring out in her bill.
  I want to join my colleague who said earlier how proud he was to be a 
Democrat. We have several proposals that have been mentioned here this 
evening. We have H.R. 2695. We have one of the gentleman from New York 
(Mr. Rangel), H.R. 3320. The gentlewoman from New York (Mrs. Lowey) has 
a bill. The gentlewoman from California (Mrs. Tauscher) has a bill.
  The Democrats really have been working very, very hard to improve 
education, beginning with the President's initiative.

                              {time}  2215

  I think with all of the bills that have been mentioned here this 
evening, we are putting together quite a comprehensive package that 
will begin to address the deficiencies in the school facilities while 
we also try to address giving the children the tools that they need and 
the teachers the tools that they need to educate our children. I am 
very proud to be a part of this caucus. I look forward to working with 
the other members of the caucus on their legislation and to see that it 
is passed.
  Ms. SANCHEZ. Mr. Speaker, I would like to end by thanking all my 
colleagues for spending their time tonight to highlight the situation, 
to bring forth their ideas and in response, yes, it is great to be a 
Democrat and to bring forward these initiatives. I hope that we 
actually get them on during the legislative day and get to vote on some 
of these proposals.
  Mr. TORRES. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of increased funding for 
school construction and for bond initiatives to assist local 
communities in school improvement projects.
  I have received numerous letters from my constituents regarding the 
need for action in this matter. These are not letters from large 
organizations or big corporations with a financial agenda. These 
letters are from junior high and high school students in my district. 
The are writing me to ask what I can do about the leaking ceilings and 
the crumbling walls in their schools. One of the high schools in my 
district has an entire section of its buildings sectioned off because 
it has been condemned. This is not only a crisis in my district but a 
crisis throughout the country.
  We tell our children that they must maintain better grades, and that 
they must perform to higher standards, yet, we send them to schools 
that are falling apart. And we ask our teachers, who have one of the 
hardest jobs in the world and are grossly underpaid, to perform at 
higher standards, while sending them to work in substandard buildings.
  One of the more promising ideas for reform is to reduce class size. 
This is a proven, effective method for improving academic achievement 
in students, but we need more classrooms to accomplish this goal.
  We talk about reforming the public school system and debate over 
vouchers, block grants and national tests. But tomorrow morning, 
millions of children will go to school in buildings that are 
inadequate.
  We have an opportunity in this Congress, in his budget cycle, to give 
these children the classrooms they need to achieve their full academic 
potential. Let's not let them down.
  Mrs. McCARTHY of New York. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to join my 
colleagues in support of school construction. I believe that the best 
way to give young people the chance to succeed in life is to ensure 
that they have a quality education. I spend every Monday and Friday in 
the schools on Long Island, talking with students, teachers, 
principals, superintendents, and parents about how we can make the 
education system work better. In visiting these schools, I see teachers 
and students who are committed to education. And these visits show me 
that we have great schools on Long Island. But these visits also show 
that many of the buildings in which our students learn are inadequate, 
overcrowded, and in poor condition.
  Mr. Speaker, what kind of message do we send kids about reading when 
their libraries have no books? What message do we send to our teachers 
about teaching when their classrooms are overcrowded and run-down? And 
what message do we give to the world about our ability to compete 
globally when our computers are hopelessly outdated?
  These problems were repeated in many of the schools I visited across 
Long Island--overcrowded classrooms, leaky roofs, broken doors, poor 
heating and bad ventilation systems. And this surprised me. I thought 
as many others do that this was an urban problem. Well, I was very 
wrong.
  I decided to find out the true extent of the problem. Last Fall, I 
sent out a survey to every Superintendent in my District, asking them 
about the physical condition of their schools--the age of the 
buildings, whether they needed renovations, the quality of the roofs, 
the windows and the walls, and whether they had access to the Internet.
  The response was overwhelming and insightful. Twenty three percent of 
schools say that additional space is a top problem and 44 percent said 
that classes are held in other areas. After the survey results were in, 
I visited the Washington Rose School, a school that reported many 
problems. I toured the facility with the principal, superintendent, and 
parents. And I talked with wonderful, bright children who are very 
eager to learn--but stuck in a school with physical problems.
  In fact, one of the most serious was the speech teacher's office--a 
small desk with two chairs out in the stairwell. I thought to myself, 
how can any child work through a learning disability in the stairwell, 
with other children passing by?
  Who is to blame for these problems? I have spoken with the 
principals, superintendents, teachers and the parents in my district. 
They are committed to making their school buildings the very best they 
can be. But it is expensive to rebuild and repair schools. And local 
money is simply not available.
  School construction and renovation affect every corner of the nation, 
and each child in school now demands our attention. If we provide funds 
for school construction, then we will send a clear message to our young 
people that, yes, we do care about your education, and, yes, we do want 
you to learn in the best

[[Page H1439]]

environment possible. We can do no less for our children.

                          ____________________