[Congressional Record Volume 143, Number 52 (Monday, April 28, 1997)]
[Senate]
[Pages S3750-S3754]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

      By Mr. MURKOWSKI:
  S. 660. A bill to provide for the continuation of higher education 
through the conveyance of certain public lands in the State of Alaska 
to the University of Alaska, and for other purposes; to the Committee 
on Energy and Natural Resources.


                    university of alaska land grant

  Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, in my State of Alaska the University of 
Alaska is the oldest post-secondary school. The university was 
chartered prior to statehood and has played a vital role in educating 
Alaskans as well as students from around the world. The expertise of 
the university has been in many areas, mining, agriculture, arctic and 
subarctic sciences.
  Additionally, the university has served as an important cornerstone 
in the history of our State. For example, the university housed the 
Alaska Constitutional Convention where the fathers of our statehood act 
carved out the rights and privileges guaranteed to Alaskan citizens. 
Further, Mr. President, the university is proud of the fact that it 
began life as the Alaska Agricultural and Mining College. However, Mr. 
President, what makes the University of Alaska unique is the fact that 
it is the only land-grant college in the Nation that is virtually 
landless today.
  As some of my colleagues know, one of the oldest and most respected 
ways of financing America's educational system has been from the land-
grant system. This was established in 1785 and the practice gives land 
to schools and universities for their use in supporting their 
educational endeavors. in 1862, Congress passed what was then known as 
the Morrill Act, which created the land-grant colleges and universities 
as a way to underwrite the cost of higher education to more and more of 
America's young people. These colleges and universities received land 
from the Federal Government for facility location, and more importantly 
as a way to provide for sustaining revenues to those educational 
institutions.
  Mr. President, the University of Alaska received the smallest amount 
of land of any State, with the exception of Delaware that has a land-
grant college. Delaware received about 90,000 acres. Even the land-
grant college in Rhode Island received more land from the Federal 
Government than has the University of Alaska. Rhode Island received 
120,000 acres.
  In a State the size of Alaska, about 365 million acres, we should 
logically have one of the best and most fully

[[Page S3751]]

funded land-grant colleges in the country. Yet, to date, the University 
of Alaska only has about 111,000 acres. Unfortunately, without the land 
promised to Alaska under the land-grant allocation system in earlier 
legislation, the university is unable to share as one of the premier 
land-grant colleges in this country.
  Previous efforts were made in Congress to fix this problem. These 
efforts date back to 1915, less than 50 years after the passage of the 
Morrill Act, when Alaska's delegate to Congress, Delegate James 
Wickersham shepherded a measure through Congress that set aside 
potentially more than a quarter of a million acres in the Tanana Valley 
outside Fairbanks for the support of an agriculture college and school 
of mines.
  Following the practice established in the lower 48 States for the 
other land-grant colleges, Wickersham's bill set aside every section 33 
of the unsurveyed Tanana Valley for the Alaska Agriculture College and 
Schools of Mines.
  Alaska's educational future at that time looked favorable. Many 
Alaskans saw the opportunity to set up an endowment system similar to 
that set up by the University of Washington in the downtown center of 
Seattle, WA, where valuable university lands are leased providing 
funding for the university's maintenance and upkeep as well as some 
capital projects.
  However, in Alaska's case, before the land could be transferred to 
the Alaska Agricultural College and School of Mines, renamed the 
University of Alaska in 1935, the land had to be surveyed in order to 
establish the exact acreage included in the reserve lands.
  The section reserved for education could not be transferred to the 
college until they had been delineated. According to records at the 
time, it was unlikely given the incredibly slow speed of surveying that 
the land could be completely surveyed before the end of the current 
century. Surveying is still an extraordinarily slow process in Alaska's 
remote and unpopulated terrain.

  In all, only 19 section 33's, or approximately 11,211 acres, were 
ever transferred to the University of Alaska. Of this, 2,250 acres were 
used for the original campus, and the remainder was left to the 
discretion of the board of regents to support educational programs and 
facilities.
  Recognizing the difficulties of surveying in Alaska, subsequent 
legislation was passed in 1929 that simply granted land for the benefit 
of the university. This grant totaled approximately 100,000 acres, and 
to this day comprises the bulk of the university's total 111,211 acres 
of land--less than one-third of what was originally promised. In 1958, 
the Alaska Statehood Act was passed which extinguished the unfulfilled 
land grants. The university was thus left with little land with which 
to support itself and is thus unable to completely fulfill its mission 
as a land-grant college.
  Mr. President, the legislation I am introducing today would redeem 
the promises made to the university in 1915 and put the university on 
an even footing with other land-grant colleges in the United States. It 
provides the university with the land needed to support itself 
financially and it offers the chance to grow and continue to act as a 
responsible steward of the land and educator of young Alaskans. It also 
provides a concrete timetable under which the university must select 
its land and the Secretary of Interior must act upon those selections.
  This legislation also contains significant restrictions on the land 
that the university can select. The university cannot select land 
located within a conservation system unit, land validly conveyed to the 
State or an ANCSA corporation or land used in connection with Federal 
or military institutions.
  Accordingly, Mr. President, under my bill, the university must 
relinquish extremely valuable inholdings in Alaska once it receives its 
second-tier State/Federal grant under section 6, of this bill. 
Therefore, the result of this legislation will mean, specifically, 
relinquishment of prime university inholdings in such magnificent areas 
as the Alaska Peninsula and Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, the 
Kenai Fjords National Park, Wrangell St. Elias National Park and 
Preserve and Denali Park and Preserve. Mr. President, not only does 
this bill uphold a decades-old promise to the University of Alaska, it 
further protects Alaska's unique parks and refuges.
  Recognize, Mr. President, my bill requires the State to participate 
in the process, as well, under an option. Specifically, the bill would 
grant the university 250,000 acres of Federal land. The university 
would be eligible to receive another 250,000 acres of Federal land on a 
matching basis with the State, for a total of 500,000 additional acres. 
This would be at the option of the legislature, the Governor, and the 
university's board of regents
  Mr. President, the State matching provision is an important component 
of this legislation. Most agree with the premise that the university 
was shorted land. However, some believe it is the sole responsibility 
of the Federal Government to compensate the university with land, while 
others believe it is solely the responsibility of the State to grant 
the university land. The legislation I am introducing today offers a 
compromise, a compromise giving both the State and the Federal 
Government the opportunity to contribute, as well as provide the 
Government with valuable inholdings in Federal parks and preserves.
  With the passage of this bill, Mr. President, the University of 
Alaska will finally be able to act fully as a land grant college, and 
will be able to select lands that can provide the university with 
stable revenue sources, as well as provide responsible stewardship for 
the lands.
  This is an exciting time for the University of Alaska. The promises 
that were made 82 years ago could be fulfilled with this legislation, 
and Alaskans could look forward to a very bright future for the 
university and the many Alaskans who receive an education there.
  I ask unanimous consent, at this time, to have printed in the Record 
the proposed inholdings that the University has which would be deeded 
over to the Federal Government under this legislation, a history of the 
university of Alaska's land grant from the time we were designated as a 
territory, land grant rankings of all the States, as well as a copy of 
the bill.
  There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in 
the Record, as follows:

                                 S. 660

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.

       (a) Findings.--The Congress finds that--
       (1) the University of Alaska is the successor to and the 
     beneficiary of all Federal grants and conveyances to or for 
     the Alaska Agricultural College and School of Mines;
       (2) under the Acts of March 4, 1915, 38 Stat. 1214, and 
     January 21, 1929, 45 Stat. 1091, the United States granted to 
     the Territory of Alaska certain federal land for the 
     University of Alaska;
       (3) the Territory was unable to receive most of the land 
     intended to be conveyed by the Act of March 4, 1915, before 
     repeal of that Act by Sec. 6(k) of the Alaska Statehood Act 
     (P.L. 85-508, 72 Stat. 339);
       (4) only one other state land grant college in the United 
     States has obtained a smaller land grant from the federal 
     government than the University of Alaska has received, and 
     all land grand colleges in the western states of the United 
     States have obtained substantially larger land grants than 
     the University of Alaska;
       (5) an academically strong and financially secure state 
     university system is a cornerstone to the long-term 
     development of a stable population and to a healthy, diverse 
     economy and is in the national interest;
       (6) the national interest is served by transferring certain 
     federal lands to the University of Alaska which will be able 
     to use and develop the resources of such lands and by 
     returning certain lands held by the University of Alaska 
     located within certain federal conservation system units to 
     federal ownership;
       (7) the University of Alaska holds valid legal title to and 
     is responsible for management of lands transferred by the 
     United States to the Territory and State of Alaska for the 
     University and that an exchange of lands is consistent with 
     and in furtherance of the purposes and terms of, and thus not 
     in violation of, the Federal grant of such lands.
       (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this act are--
       (1) to fulfill the original commitment of Congress to 
     establish the University of Alaska as a land grant university 
     with holdings sufficient to facilitate operation and 
     maintenance of a university system for the inhabitants of the 
     State of Alaska; and
       (2) to acquire from the University of Alaska lands it holds 
     within federal Parks, Wildlife Refuges, and Wilderness areas.

     SEC. 2. PRIMARY FEDERAL GRANT.

       (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, but subject 
     to valid existing rights and

[[Page S3752]]

     the procedures set forth herein, the University is granted 
     and entitled to take up to 250,000 acres of federal lands (or 
     reserved interests in lands) in or adjacent to Alaska as a 
     federal grant. The University may identify and select the 
     specific lands it intends to take pursuant to this grant, and 
     the Secretary of the Interior (``Secretary'') shall promptly 
     convey to the University the lands selected, in accordance 
     with the provisions of this Act.
       (b)(1) Within 48 months of enactment of this Act, the 
     University of Alaska may submit to the Secretary a list of 
     properties the University has tentatively selected to receive 
     under the conditions of this grant. Such list may be 
     submitted in whole or in part during this period and the 
     University may make interim tentative selections that it may 
     relinquish or change within the 48 month period. The 
     University may submit tentative selections that exceed the 
     amount of the grant except that such selections shall not 
     exceed 275,000 acres at any one time.
       (2) All selections shall be in reasonably compact units: 
     Provided, That the University may select small tracts of 
     federal land within federal reservations consistent with the 
     limitations in subsection (c) below.
       (3) The University may submit tentative selections of 
     federal lands validly selected but not conveyed to the State 
     of Alaska or the corporations organized pursuant to the 
     Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act: Provided, That such 
     lands may not be approved or conveyed to the University 
     unless the State of Alaska and or the corporation has 
     relinquished its prior selection.
       (4) The University shall make no selections within 
     Conservation System Units as defined in the Alaska National 
     Interest Lands Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 3101).
       (5) Within forty-five (45) days of receipt of a University 
     tentative selection, the Secretary shall publish notice of 
     said selection in the Federal Register. Such notice shall 
     identify lands included in the tentative selection and 
     provide for a period for public comment on the tentative 
     selection not to exceed sixty (60) days.
       (6) Within six months of the receipt of a University 
     tentative selection, the Secretary shall notify the 
     University of his acceptance or objection to each tentative 
     selection, including the reasons for any objection. Failure 
     to object within six months shall constitute approval by the 
     Secretary. Any public comments submitted in response to a 
     public notice issued pursuant to paragraph (5) above may be 
     considered by the Secretary: Provided, That the Secretary may 
     object to tentative selections of the University if and only 
     if he demonstrates that a conveyance of such to the 
     University--
       (A) will have a significant adverse impact on the purposes 
     for which a Conservation System Unit was established; or
       (B) will have a significant adverse impact on fulfillment 
     of the Alaska Statehood Act or the Alaska Native Claims 
     Settlement Act. (43 U.S.C. 1601)
       (7) The Secretary's acceptance of, or objection to, any 
     tentative selections submitted by the University of Alaska 
     pursuant to Section 2 of this Act or the conveyance of any 
     such selections by tentative approval, patent or other 
     instrument are not major federal actions within the means of 
     section 102 (2)(c) of P.L. 91-190.
       (8) The Secretary shall publish notice of any decision to 
     accept or object to a tentative selection in the Federal 
     Register.
       (c) The Secretary shall not approve or convey, under this 
     grant,
       (1) any federal lands which, at the time of enactment of 
     this Act, are included in a Conservation System Unit;
       (2) any federal lands validly selected or top filed 
     pursuant to Sec. 906(e) of Public Law No. 96-487 but not 
     conveyed to the State of Alaska or the corporations pursuant 
     to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act; or
       (3) any federal lands withdrawn and actually used in 
     connection with the administration of any federal 
     installations and military reservations unless the head of 
     the land holding or occupying agency or entity agrees.
       (d) If, following the Secretary's review of tentative 
     selections by the University, the amount of acreage approved 
     by the Secretary for conveyance is less than the full primary 
     grant, the University may select additional lands to satisfy 
     the primary grant.
       (e) Upon the University's tentative selection of land--
       (1) Such land shall be segregated and unavailable for 
     selection by and conveyance to the State of Alaska or any 
     corporation organized pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims 
     Settlement Act and shall not be otherwise encumbered or 
     disposed of by the United States pending completion of the 
     selection process.
       (2) The University shall possess the non-exclusive right to 
     enter onto such lands for the purpose of--
       (A) assessing the oil, gas, mineral and other resource 
     potential therein. The University, and its delegatees or 
     agents, shall be permitted to engage in assessment techniques 
     including but not limited to core drilling to assess the 
     metalliferous or other values, and surface geological 
     exploration and seismic exploration for oil and gas: 
     Provided That this paragraph shall not be construed as 
     including or allowing exploratory drilling of oil and gas 
     wells; and
       (B) exercising due diligence regarding the making of a 
     final selection.
       (f) Within one year of the Secretary's approval of a 
     tentative selection, the University may make therefrom a 
     final selection pursuant to this Act. Within six months of 
     such final selection by the University, the Secretary shall 
     issue a tentative approval of such final selection. Such 
     tentative approval shall be deemed to transfer to the 
     University all right, title, and interest of the United 
     States in and to the described selection. Any lakes, rivers 
     and streams contained within such selections shall be 
     meandered and lands submerged thereunder conveyed in 
     accordance with 43 U.S.C. Sec. 1631, as amended. Upon 
     completion of a survey of lands included within such 
     tentative approval, the Secretary shall promptly issue patent 
     to such lands. Pending issuance of a patent, the University 
     shall have rights and authorities over tentatively approved 
     lands consistent with those under the Alaska Statehood Act 
     and the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, including the 
     right to transfer, assign, exchange, grant, deed, lease or 
     otherwise convey any or all present or future interest in the 
     lands granted pursuant to this Act.
       (g) The Secretary of Agriculture, as well as the heads of 
     other federal agencies, shall take such actions as may be 
     necessary to facilitate and expedite the implementation of 
     this Act by the Secretary of the Interior.

     SEC. 3. RELINQUISHMENT OF CERTAIN UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA 
                   HOLDINGS.

       (a) As a condition to receiving the land grant provided by 
     Section 6 of this Act, the University of Alaska shall convey 
     to the Secretary those lands listed in ``The University of 
     Alaska's Inholding Reconveyance Document'' and dated April 
     24, 1997.
       (b) The University shall begin conveyance of the lands 
     listed in (a) above upon taking title to lands it has 
     selected pursuant to section 6 of this Act and shall convey 
     to the Secretary a percentage amount of land proportional to 
     that which it has received, but in no event shall it be 
     required to convey any lands other than those listed in (a) 
     above to the Secretary. The Secretary shall accept quitclaim 
     deeds from the University for these lands.

     SEC. 4. ALIENATION OF LANDS.

       Nothwithstanding any other provision of law, the University 
     of Alaska may transfer, assign, exchange, grant, deed, lease 
     or otherwise convey any or all present future interests in 
     the lands granted pursuant to this Act.

     SEC. 5. JUDICIAL REVIEW.

       The University of Alaska has the right to bring action for, 
     including but not limited to, relief in the nature of 
     mandamus, against the Secretary for violation of this Act or 
     for review of an agency decision under this Act. Such an 
     action can only be brought in the United States District 
     Court for the District of Alaska and within two (2) years of 
     the alleged violation or the final decision-making. For all 
     other entities or persons, decisions of the Secretary shall 
     be final and conclusive.

     SEC. 6. STATE MATCHING GRANT.

       (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, but subject 
     to valid existing rights and the procedures set forth in this 
     Act, the University is granted and shall be entitled to take, 
     in addition to the primary grant provided for in Section 2 
     herein, up to another 250,000 acres in federal lands (or 
     reserved interests in lands) in or adjacent to Alaska: 
     Provided That any additional acres are granted, as specified 
     below, on a matching acre-for-acre basis to the extent that 
     the State of Alaska shall first grant to the University 
     State-owned land in Alaska.
       (b) The university may select and the Secretary shall 
     convey lands which the University is entitled to receive 
     pursuant to this State Matching Grant Provisions in minimum 
     increments of 25,000 acres up to the maximum of 250,000 
     acres.
                                  ____


             History of the University of Alaska Land Grant

       1785--The Ordinance of 1785 established the rectangular 
     survey of New England as the basis of which all land west of 
     Ohio would be subdivided. Land was surveyed into townships 
     composed of 36 sections of 640 acres or one square mile each. 
     The law also established the principle of reserving section 
     16 of every township ``for the maintenance of public 
     schools.''
       1848--With the Admission of Oregon in 1848, the grant 
     doubled from one section to two sections (16 & 36). Three of 
     the last four states admitted into the union, UT, NM, and AZ 
     each got four sections (2, 16, 32, and 36).
       1842--The Morrill Act passed which dedicated lands to 
     states for ``agriculture and mechanic arts''. The grants were 
     based on population as measured by the size of the delegation 
     with each state receiving approximately 30,000 acres/member.
       1915--Alaska Delegate James Wickersham pushed through a 
     measure in Congress which reserved lands for a common school 
     system and an agricultural land grant college in the Tanana 
     Valley. The bill followed the pattern of reserving 2 sections 
     of every township for support of ``common schools.'' (About 
     20 million acres in AK). Wickersham's bill also set aside 
     every section 33 in the Tanana Valley for support of an 
     agricultural college and school of mines. (Approx. 250,000 
     acres).
       1916--Wickersham introduces first statehood bill 
     ``Granting'' 11.3 million acres for higher education and 20 
     million acres for public schools.
       1917--Alaska territorial legislature formally incorporates 
     the Alaska Agricultural College and School of Mines (Renamed 
     UA in 1935) as Alaska's land grant institution.
       Up to this point no land had every been transferred to 
     University due to fact that all bills required a survey to 
     occur before transfer and AK had never been surveyed.

[[Page S3753]]

       By the time federal grant would be revoked only 19 section 
     33's out of a possible 420 had been surveyed and transferred 
     to the University. Ultimately the University received 11,211 
     acres of section 33's of which 2,250 were he original campus.
       1929--Congress passes act ``Granting'' 100,000 acres for 
     the ``exclusive use an benefit'' of the Alaska Agriculture 
     College and School of Mines making up the bulk of the 
     University's approx. 111,000 acres.
       1936 to 1943--During the 74th, 75th, 76th, 77th, and 78th 
     Congress Alaska Delegate Anthony J. Dimond Introduced five 
     identical bills to extend the 1915 land grant to all section 
     33's, not just those in the Tanana Valley, for a total land 
     grant of approx. 10 million acres.
       1943--Bartlett introduces statehood bill reserving two 
     sections of each township (20m acres) for support of schools 
     and 1 section of every township (10m acres) for higher 
     education. For the most part this formula existed in all 
     statehood bills through 1949. (Exception is a compromise bill 
     between Bartlett and then-Secretary Gardner during mid 40's 
     which never went anywhere).
       1950--Since Alaska could not receive title to a specific 
     section of land until it was surveyed in 1950 Congress 
     rejected ``in place grants'' of specific sections of 
     townships and endorsed the concept of ``quantity'' grants. 
     This concept was incorporated in all future statehood bills.
       All statehood bills during the 50's supported around 103.3 
     million acres for the state with a typical breakdown as 
     follows:
       100m acres--general grant;
       .8m--community development grants to be used for expansion 
     of communities; and
       3.25m--for ``internal improvements as follows
       500,000 acres--university;
       500,000 acres--teacher's college;
       500,000 acres--public buildings;
       200,000 acres--schools and asylums (deaf, dumb, and blind);
       200,000 acres--penitentiaries;
       200,000 acres--mental institutions;
       200,000 acres--charitable, penal, and reform institutions; 
     and
       250,000 acres--pioneer homes.
       1954--UA President Ernest Patty made several requests to 
     DOI for more land including lands in the NPR-A.
       1955--University Board Of Regents passes resolution asking 
     Congress to give University authority to select up to 500,000 
     acres with mineral rights.
       1958--With the passage of Statehood the ``internal 
     improvement grants''--including the University's 500,000 
     acres and the 500,000 acres for the University's teacher 
     training programs were consolidated into the 100 million-acre 
     general grant leaving disposition of all 102,550,500 acres at 
     the discretion of the legislature. Statehood also canceled 
     the 1915 education reserve (though it did confirm the 
     University's rights to the few thousand acres of section 33 
     land that were already reserved and surveyed).
       Passage of the Statehood bill virtually ended all 
     discussion of federal land grants.
       1959--University attorney, Ed Merdes, wrote Senator 
     Bartlett about impact of Statehood bill on Tanana selections. 
     After extensive research a legislative aide, Joe Josephson 
     wrote Merdes back and said unequivocally that Congressional 
     intent in the statehood bill was for the new state government 
     to address University land grant;
       ``The theory of the land-grant provisions in the statehood 
     act was they would replace inter alia (among other things) 
     the reservations authorized in 48 U.S.C. 353 and that the 
     state university would petition the sate government to 
     satisfy the needs of the University which previously to 
     statehood were met in part by 48 U.S.C. 353.'' (Josephson to 
     Merdes, 10 November 1959, Pres Papers)
       1959--House Bill No. 176. Of the New Legislature declared 
     the intent to reserve one million acres for the university 
     and declared the legislature's ultimate attempt to reserve 5 
     million acres ``for the purpose of replacing those grants 
     previously allowed under federal law . . . which has been 
     superseded . . . and for the further purpose of establishing 
     a means by which the University may be properly maintained 
     and operated and direct state support thereby reduced.''
       To much surprise Governor Egan vetoed the bill. His main 
     reason was that this could lead to further earmarking of 
     state land and dollars for other ``internal improvements'' 
     and that this was not sound administrative procedure. Egan 
     suggested it was much more prudent to appropriate and bond 
     for the University.
       1960's--With Governor Egan's opposition to the State grant 
     future bills never received much support in the legislature. 
     With the defeat of Egan in 1966 by Walter Hickel, Hickel 
     promised a new era of Alaska economic development and support 
     for the University. Yet one month later Secretary Udall 
     declared a land freeze in Alaska that virtually brought all 
     state land selections to a halt, and consequently froze the 
     University land grant as well.
       1970's--Legally and politically the Alaska land picture 
     grew more complex year-by-year. Within the next 15 years the 
     open public doman in AK would essentially vanish, as the 
     entire state was parceled off among development interests, 
     environmental interests, and native groups with the passage 
     of ANCSA in 1971, construction of TAPS in 74-77, and passage 
     of ANILCA in 1980.
       1995--After passing the legislature Governor Knowles vetoed 
     a SB 16 granting the University 350,000 acres of state lands. 
     The Governor declared his support for the concept but wanted 
     assurances that: (1) the University would not select any 
     lands needed by growing communities; (2) oil found on ``new'' 
     university lands were subject to permanent fund requirements 
     and royalties and bonus payments to the state; and (3) that 
     all environmental and mineral entry laws would apply.
       1996--FHM bill introduced in Senate setting up a matching 
     grant provision.
       1996--A new bill, SB 250, passed the legislature by a 46-12 
     vote and was again vetoed by Governor Knowles for many of the 
     same reasons stated in the first veto.
                                  ____


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Region and area             UA ID number       Acres                   Federal land type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
South Central:
    Alaska Peninsula............  AP.UL.001.........          8  AK Peninsula & Maritime National Wildlife
                                                                  Refuge.
    ......do....................  AP.UL.001.........        360      Do.
    ......do....................  AP.UL.002.........          8      Do.
    ......do....................  AP.WB.001.........        622      Do.
    ......do....................  AP.WB.002.........         56      Do.
    Nuka Island.................  HM.NK.001.........         23  Kenai Fjords National Park.
    ......do....................  IIM.NK.002........         24      Do.
    Blackburn Subd..............  WR.BB.001.........          5  Wrangell St. Elias National Park & Preserve
    ......do....................  WR.BB.002.........         17      Do.
    ......do....................  WR.BB.003.........          2      Do.
    ......do....................  WR.BB.004.........         34      Do.
    McCarthy Creek Subd.........  WR.MC.001-071.....        867      Do.
    ......do....................  WR.MY.003.........      1,304      Do.
    ......do....................  WR.MY.004.........        320      Do.
    ......do....................  WR.MY.005.........      2,240      Do.
    ......do....................  WR.MY.006.........        640      Do.
    ......do....................  WR.MY.007.........        400      Do.
    ......do....................  WR.MY.008.........        372      Do.
    ......do....................  WR.MY.009.........        400      Do.
    Strelna.....................  WR.SN.001.........        400      Do.
    ......do....................  WR.SN.002.........      1,452      Do.
    ......do....................  WR.SN.004.........        424      Do.
    Wrangell Glaciers...........  WR.WG.001.........         20      Do.
    ......do....................  WR.WG.002.........        136      Do.
    ......do....................  WR.WG.003.........        103      Do.
    ......do....................  WR.WG.004.........         82      Do.
    Wrangell St. Elias..........  Orange Hill.......      1,600      Do.
    Denali......................  Stampede Mine.....         71  Denali National Park & Preserve.
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total.....................  ..................     11,990  ...............................................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                 SUMMARY
------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Federal Conservation System Unit                  Acres
------------------------------------------------------------------------
AK Peninsula & Maritime National Wildlife Refuge.............      1,054
Kenai Fjords National Park...................................         47
Wrangell St. Elias National Park & Preserve..................     10,818
Denail National Park & Preserve..............................         71
                                                              ----------
      Total acres............................................     11,990
------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Ranked by the amount of federal land given to Higher Education

 1. New Mexico................................................1,346,546
 2. Oklahoma..................................................1,050,000
 3. New York....................................................990,000
 4. Arizona.....................................................849,197
 5. Pennsylvania................................................780,000
 6. Ohio........................................................699,120
 7. Utah........................................................556,141
 8. Illinois....................................................526,080
 9. Indiana.....................................................436,080
10. Montana.....................................................388,721
11. Idaho.......................................................386,686
12. Alabama.....................................................383,785
13. Missouri....................................................376,080
14. South Dakota................................................366,080
15. Massachusetts...............................................360,000
16. Mississippi.................................................348,240
17. Washington..................................................336,080
18. North Dakota................................................336,080

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19. Wisconsin...................................................332,160
20. Kentucky....................................................330,000
21. Tennessee...................................................300,000
22. Virginia....................................................300,000
23. Iowa........................................................286,080
24. Michigan....................................................286,080
25. Georgia.....................................................270,000
26. North Carolina..............................................270,000
27. Louisiana...................................................256,292
28. Minnesota...................................................212,160
29. Maine.......................................................210,000
30. Maryland....................................................210,000
31. New Jersey..................................................210,000
32. California..................................................196,080
33. Arkansas....................................................196,080
34. Florida.....................................................182,160
35. Connecticut.................................................180,000
36. South Carolina..............................................180,000
37. Texas.......................................................180,000
38. Kansas......................................................151,270
39. New Hampshire...............................................150,000
40. Vermont.....................................................150,000
41. West Virginia...............................................150,000
42. Colorado....................................................138,040
43. Oregon......................................................136,165
44. Nevada......................................................136,080
45. Nebraska....................................................136,080
46. Wyoming.....................................................136,080
47. Rhode Island................................................120,000
48. Alaska......................................................112,064
49. Delaware.....................................................90,000
50. Hawaii..........................................................  0
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