[Congressional Record Volume 142, Number 128 (Tuesday, September 17, 1996)]
[House]
[Pages H10452-H10454]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




         CONFERRING HONORARY U.S. CITIZENSHIP TO MOTHER TERESA

  Mr. FLANAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the 
joint resolution (H.J. Res. 191) to confer honorary citizenship of the 
United States on Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, also known as Mother Teresa, as 
amended.
  The Clerk read as follows:

                             H.J. Res. 191

       Whereas the United States has conferred honorary 
     citizenship on only three occasions in its more than two 
     hundred years, and honorary citizenship is and should remain 
     an extraordinary honor not lightly conferred nor frequently 
     granted;
       Whereas Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, better known through out the 
     world as Mother Teresa, has worked tirelessly with orphaned 
     and abandoned children, the poor, the sick, and the dying;
       Whereas Mother Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity 
     in 1950, and has taken in those who have been rejected as 
     ``unacceptable'' and cared for them when no one else would, 
     regardless of race, color, creed, or condition;
       Whereas Mother Teresa has deservedly received numerous 
     honors, including the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize and the 1985 
     Presidential Medal of Freedom;
       Whereas Mother Teresa has worked in areas all over the 
     world, including the United States, to provide comfort to the 
     world's neediest; and
       Whereas Mother Teresa through her Missionaries of Charity 
     has established within the United States numerous soup 
     kitchens, emergency shelters for women, shelters for unwed 
     mothers, shelters for men, after-school and summer camp 
     programs for children, homes for the dying, prison ministry, 
     nursing homes, and hospital and shut-in ministry: Now, 
     therefore, be it
       Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
     United States of America in Congress assembled, That Agnes 
     Gonxha Bojaxhiu, also known as Mother Teresa, is proclaimed 
     to be an honorary citizen of the United States of America.

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to the rule, the gentleman from 
Illinois [Mr. Flanagan] and the gentlewoman from California [Ms. 
Lofgren] each will control 20 minutes.
  The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. Flanagan].


                             general leave

  Mr. FLANAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members 
may have 5 legislative days within which to revise and extend their 
remarks on House Joint Resolution 191, the joint resolution under 
consideration.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the 
gentleman from Illinois?
  There was no objection.
  Mr. FLANAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
  Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of House Joint Resolution 191, 
legislation which I introduced that confers honorary U.S. citizenship 
upon Mother Teresa.
  Mr. Speaker, Mother Teresa is a living saint. Her work has affected 
people around the globe. She has worked tirelessly for the sick and the 
dying, giving them comfort and care. Mother Teresa has always, through 
her Missionaries of Charity, taken in those who are ``unacceptable,'' 
and thus unwanted, and cared for them when no one else would. Her 
commitment to humanity is unwavering.
  Born on August 27, 1910, Mother Teresa has worked for over 65 years 
for the betterment of mankind. She began her religious studies in 
Ireland in 1928. Later that same year, she went to Calcutta, India, 
where she has so nobly performed countless acts of faith and devotion.
  Mother Teresa's caregiving has reached beyond creed, nationality, 
race, or place. She has extended her service to those who are poor and 
those who are unwanted around the world. Aside from her work in India, 
Mother Teresa has touched the lives of many in Ireland, Venezuela, 
Tanzania, Australia, Jordan, her own Albania, and of course, right here 
in the United States, to name but just a few of the more than 90 
countries where Mother Teresa and her order have been active.
  Bestowing such a prestigious tribute as honorary U.S. citizenship 
does not come easily. There have been only three other occasions on 
which this privilege has been awarded. Only four individuals have 
received honorary citizenship. They are, first, Sir Winston Churchill, 
Prime Minister of Great Britain during World War II, America's greatest 
ally, second, Raoul Wallenberg, a Swedish diplomat who, during World 
War II, saved the lives of thousands of Jews, and third, William Penn 
and his wife, Hannah Callowhill Penn, were honored for their role in 
the colonial days of our great country.
  Honorary U.S. citizenship does not grant any legal rights or 
obligations. It does not give the recipient any voting privileges. This 
has been a concern in the past. It is crystal clear from the 
legislative history of the Churchill, Wallenberg, and Penn bills that 
conferral of honorary citizenship is purely a symbolic gesture. It is 
recognition of their outstanding commitment to their fellow man and to 
America.
  There is no question that Mother Teresa is a worthy recipient of this 
prestigious honor. She has established numerous soup kitchens, women's 
shelters, shelters for unwed mothers, religious education programs, 
nursing homes, orphanages, after school and summer camp programs for 
children, homes for the dying, prison ministry, family counseling 
programs, and missionary work in the United States. She has also been 
awarded the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize for her work as well as the 1985 
U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom and countless other honors. It would 
surely take up the rest of the day to list them all.
  The Missionaries of Charity, Mother Teresa's order, was founded in 
India in 1950. The order was established in the United States in 1971. 
There are approximately 4,500 sisters affiliated with the congregation. 
It is represented in the United States in the Archdioceses of Atlanta, 
Boston, Chicago, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Newark, 
Philadelphia, San Francisco, St. Louis, and Washington. Also in the 
Dioceses of Baton Rouge, Brooklyn, Dallas, Fall River, Gallup, 
Lafayette, Lexington, Little Rock, Peoria, Phoenix, and Memphis. It's 
very possible that more have been added since the last official report. 
God only knows where Mother Teresa's influence and good works may turn 
up next.
  Mother Teresa is a woman of simple, yet eloquent, faith. This is best 
illustrated by an observation she once made. She said:

       We do not accept any government assistance or church 
     subsidies, salaries or fixed income. The birds of the air and 
     the flowers of the field do not have an income, but God takes 
     care of them. Therefore, will not God also take care of us, 
     who are more important than flowers and birds?

  But, it is Mother Teresa and her Missionaries of Charity who, through 
their good works throughout the world have, in some way, shape, or 
form, taken

[[Page H10453]]

care of us by touching our lives. We should all be honored that we have 
had the privilege to have lived in her lifetime.
  To those who sometimes ask the question, ``Why is there so much evil 
in the world?'' I ask the converse question, ``Why is there so much 
good?'' The answer is that there are humble people like Mother Teresa 
and those who work with her. Malcolm Muggeridge entitled his biography 
of Mother Teresa, ``Something Beautiful for God.'' I would simply add 
to that, that Mother Teresa is also something beautiful for the world.
  Mr. Speaker, it is important that we recognize and reward the actions 
of this living saint. Mother Teresa is undeniably a worthy recipient of 
honorary citizenship and I ask my colleagues to join with me in 
bestowing this high honor and distinction upon Mother Teresa.

                              {time}  1515

  Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield?
  Mr. FLANAGAN. I yield to the gentleman from New York.
  Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the gentleman from Illinois 
[Mr. Flanagan] for bringing this measure to the floor and to pay proper 
respects for this saintly servant of God who has done so much good for 
so many throughout the world. It is with a great deal of pride and 
pleasure that I join with the gentleman in honoring Mother Teresa in 
this manner.
  Mr. FLANAGAN. I thank the distinguished chairman.
  Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
  Ms. LOFGREN. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
  Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of the bill. As the gentleman from 
Illinois has mentioned, this bill would provide honorary citizenship to 
Mother Theresa and that is a symbolic gesture, it does not provide for 
voting, citizenship and the like, but it is an honor that I feel ought 
to be conferred upon Mother Theresa. I would note that this measure has 
come up late in this Congress, but the Committee on the Judiciary did 
consider it last week and on voice vote did unanimously approve the 
measure.
  As the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. Flanagan] has indicated, there 
have only been three other occasions when honorary citizenship has been 
conferred by the United States, and they are all amazing people, 
Winston Churchill, Raoul Wallenberg, and William Penn. Certainly Mother 
Theresa belongs in this group of honored citizens of the world.
  I note that Mother Theresa was actually born in Yugoslavia, of 
Albanian parents. She has received an honor from India, the Jewel of 
India, as well as the Nobel Peace Prize, and the Order of the British 
Empire. Adding honorary U.S. citizenship would add our country's honor 
to her which she so richly deserves.
  I would note, as my colleague from Illinois has, that what she has 
done in her life deserves the admiration of all of us here in the 
United States and all around the world. Like many here in America when 
she fell ill a short while ago, I offered up a small prayer that she 
might be left here with us a little while longer to continue her good 
works. We do not know how long the Lord will see fit to leave her with 
us, but I hope that this bill bestowing honorary citizenship does pass 
in time for her to know that we call her our own as well. She embodies 
all the things that we believe is best for our country: hope, and 
reaching out to those in need.
  I thank the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. Flanagan] for introducing 
the bill.
  Mr. FLANAGAN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentlewoman yield?
  Ms. LOFGREN . I yield to the gentleman from Illinois.
  Mr. FLANAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman from California 
[Ms. Lofgren] for her excellent remarks and her endorsement of the 
bill. It is worthy of her endorsement and her endorsement certainly is 
most helpful.
  Mr. Speaker, I just wanted to observe quickly that the gentlewoman 
remarked she was born in Yugoslavia, this is true, in Skopje, but at 
the time she was born, she has been with us so long, Skopje was in the 
Ottoman Empire at the time she was born. That is how long she has been 
with us, out doing her good works. That is an amazing fact in and of 
itself.
  Ms. LOFGREN. It certainly is.
  Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to the gentlewoman from Colorado [Mrs. 
Schroeder].
  Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman from California 
for yielding me this time. Obviously no one, no one on this planet dare 
ever question Mother Teresa's good works and her qualification for 
this.
  The only reason I rise is to say I certainly hope that we are not 
trying to cloak some of the things that we have done to the less 
fortunate in our society by conferring this on Mother Teresa. I am not 
too sure she would not have preferred a little different outcome in 
some of the things that this body did this year. In fact, I am almost 
sure she had almost rather have that done in her name rather than this.
  I keep thinking if we look at the real character of Mother Teresa, 
she would have been horrified by probably many provisions of the 
regressive welfare bill. And, in fact, if she were here, because she is 
not a real citizen, she could not qualify, even though she has taken 
vows of poverty, for any of those benefits.
  I think she would be saddened by many of the debates we have had 
about the poor children in this country and the poor people in this 
country. I cannot help but point out we have an immigration bill where 
she could still not come to this country to live even with this 
honorary citizenship unless she had a relative that was 200 percent 
over the poverty line willing to sponsor her. And if she got here and 
then she wanted to bring some of her relatives here to be with her in 
her last few days, she could not do that, either, because she has taken 
a vow of poverty and she would fit under our immigration bill.
  So I have to say as we get close to election time and all of that, 
let us not try to take her tremendous good works and hope that that 
reflects on us when I think we have a record that she really would not 
particularly want her good works being used to cloak. I certainly do 
not come out against this bill. Obviously this woman deserves honors 
from every country, from every person anywhere. But I really wonder if 
she would not have preferred us spending this time to do something 
about the people who have fallen through the cracks in our society that 
are Americans and especially those who are least able to do anything, 
the young children, those who are terribly sick, those who are elderly 
and disabled. Those have been the people she has spoken for. And too 
many times in these last 2 years, we have had more of a motto of trying 
to keep hate alive, where we have politically preyed on the backs of 
the poor and the people who are defenseless.

  So, yes, of course everybody is for this bill. But let me just say, I 
am not sure that the record of this body would qualify many of us for 
the kind of good works she has gotten. And I certainly hope none of us 
use this bill to try and cover up some of the votes that Mother Theresa 
would have never have made--never have made--had she been a Member of 
this body. I think to say, well, I cannot defend those votes but guess 
what I did, I tried to honor Mother Theresa, would make her very, very 
angry.
  So as she has reentered the hospital, and we are all very saddened by 
that, I think it is also terribly important to be very serious about 
what her life message was to each and every one of us, and, that was, 
to do good things and to not ever attack those among us who are least 
able to fight back, whether I look at the welfare bill, nutrition 
bills, things that have been done in jobs bills, things that have been 
done in immigration bills, things that have been done in English only. 
Again she would be in trouble because she does not speak English well. 
I must say, I am sure she would kind of wonder why we did not try to 
correct some of those in her good name and follow her good works rather 
than just honor it. I am sure she would prefer we followed her good 
works first, and that would be the best way to honor her.
  Mr. FLANAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
  Mr. Speaker, I join the gentlewoman from Colorado in her desire not 
to have Mother Theresa's name used for a crass

[[Page H10454]]

political purpose. Certainly that is not the intention of this side. I 
hope it is not anywhere in the body.
  Ms. LOFGREN. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
  Mr. Speaker, I would just add that clearly there are few if any 
Members of this body as saintly as Mother Teresa. And we should not 
only honor her with honorary U.S. citizenship, but use her faith and 
the action that her faith has led her to us as a model for each of us.
  Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
  Mr. FLANAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. (Mr. Miller of Florida). The question is on 
the motion offered by the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. Flanagan] that 
the House suspend the rules and pass the joint resolution, House Joint 
Resolution 191, as amended.
  The question was taken.
  Mr. FLANAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I object to the vote on the ground that a 
quorum is not present and make the point of order that a quorum is not 
present.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to clause 5, rule I, and the 
Chair's prior announcement, further proceedings on this motion will be 
postponed.
  The point of no quorum is considered withdrawn.

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