[Congressional Record Volume 140, Number 103 (Monday, August 1, 1994)]
[Senate]
[Page S]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]


[Congressional Record: August 1, 1994]


 
          STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS

      By Mr. KENNEDY (for himself, Mr. Rockefeller, Ms. Mikulski, Mr. 
        Bingaman, Mr. Dodd, and Mr. Pell):
  S. 2344. A bill to authorize appropriations for the National Science 
Foundation, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Labor and Human 
Resources.


             National Science Foundation Authorization Act

  Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, on behalf of myself and Senators 
Rockefeller, Mikulski, Bingaman, Dodd, and Pell, I am introducing the 
National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1994. This act charts 
a new course for NSF in meeting national goals while maintaining its 
historic commitment to excellence in fundamental science. The 
legislation authorizes programs to support research and education in 
science, engineering, and mathematics for fiscal years 1995-99.
  Our changing world puts a higher premium than ever on new scientific 
knowledge, the discovery of new scientific techniques and the education 
of top-flight scientists and engineers. NSF supports the fundamental 
research and education needed to meet these challenges.
  Investments in research and education provide venture capital for the 
Nation's continued economic strength and social well-being. In areas 
like high-performance computers, biotechnology, and advanced 
manufacturing technology, today's fundamental research leads to the 
products and industries of the future. This act for the first time 
establishes strategic priorities within NSF, reinforcing those areas in 
which excellence in fundamental research and education can make 
significant contributions to meeting national goals. The act recognizes 
NSF's central place in an integrated Federal investment strategy to 
promote the future prosperity of the Nation and a higher quality of 
life for all our citizens.
  The act also retains the virtues of the contemporary research system 
that has brought us world leadership in science and engineering. In 
addition to supporting research in strategic areas, NSF will continue 
to tap the creativity of the entire scientific community by funding 
projects proposed by researchers on the basis of scientific merit. NSF 
must continue to support research across the spectrum of science and 
engineering. Basic research has enormous scientific merit and deserves 
to be supported, even though its precise future application is 
difficult or impossible to predict.
  Title I of the act authorizing funding for NSF according to the 
traditional budget categories such as research and related activities, 
education and human resources, and academic research infrastructure. 
Title II strengthens the role of the Foundation's investments in 
achieving national goals. It specifies that the Director may spend up 
to 60 percent of funding for research and education activities in eight 
strategic initiatives. The Director and the National Science Board are 
authorized to identify these initiatives, modify existing initiatives, 
and terminate those that become obsolete. In addition, the Director may 
shift up to 10 percent of funding from one initiative to another. This 
flexibility allows the Foundation to respond quickly to new 
developments in science and changing national needs.
  In 1988, we passed the Academic Facilities Modernization Act to help 
modernize our aging science research laboratories in institutions of 
higher education. The bill we are introducing authorizes significant 
funding for academic research facilities, and expands the program to 
allow purchase of new scientific instruments. The cost of state-of-the-
art research instruments often equals that of the facilities that house 
them. Our bill also raises the percentage of facilities and 
instrumentation that may be set aside for minority institutions, and 
lowers the matching fund requirements for less affluent institutions.
  In spite of substantial funding for NSF, the Foundation alone cannot 
make up the backlog of current need in this key area. Congress and the 
administration need to develop a plan for involving all Federal 
agencies in meeting this urgent challenge.
  In addition, this legislation establishes two new international 
cooperative programs. The program with Latin American nations 
encourages joint projects between scientists in this country and Latin 
America. The program with the New Independent States of the former 
Soviet Union also promotes collaborative projects, by encouraging 
research projects to use the facilities and expertise that exist in the 
New Independent States.
  Finally, the act authorizes a National University Teaching Fellows 
Program that makes awards to departments and faculty members at 
institutions of higher education to support projects to improve 
undergraduate education in mathematics, science, and engineering. High-
quality undergraduate education is essential to prepare tomorrow's work 
force, but universities frequently undervalue undergraduate teaching. 
The Teaching Fellows Program will provide increased recognition for 
effective efforts in undergraduate education. It will also encourage 
departmental decisionmakers to value their undergraduate teaching more 
highly.
  I look forward to early action by Congress on this measure, and I ask 
unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record.
  There being no objection, the bill was ordered to be printed in the 
Record, as follows:

                                S. 2344

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``National Science Foundation 
     Authorization Act of 1994''.

     SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

       As used in this Act:
       (1) Director.--The term ``Director'' has the meaning given 
     such term under section 2 of the National Science Foundation 
     Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1861).
       (2) Foundation.--The term ``Foundation'' has the meaning 
     given such term under section 2 of the National Science 
     Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1861).
       (3) Board.--The term ``Board'' has the meaning given such 
     term under section 4 of the National Science Foundation Act 
     of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1861).
       (4) Institution of higher education.--The term 
     ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given 
     such term in section 1201(a) of the Higher Education Act of 
     1965 (20 U.S.C. 1088(a)).
       (5) Native american.--The term ``Native American'' means--
       (A) an Indian, as defined in section 4(d) of the Indian 
     Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 
     450b(d)); and
       (B) an Alaska Native, within the meaning provided for the 
     term ``Native'' in section 3(b) of the Alaska Native Claims 
     Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1602(b)).
       (7) Native hawaiian.--The term ``Native Hawaiian'' has the 
     meaning given such term in section 815(3) of the Native 
     American Programs Act (42 U.S.C. 2992c(3)).
       (8) Pacific islander.--The term ``Pacific Islander'' means 
     a Pacific Islander within the meaning of the Native American 
     Programs Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 2991 et seq.).
       (9) United states.--The term ``United States'' means the 
     several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of 
     Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the 
     Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other 
     territory or possession of the United States.
           TITLE I--NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AUTHORIZATION

     SEC. 101. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

       (a) Findings.--The Congress finds that--
       (1) with the end of the Cold War and the collapse of 
     communism, the focus of Federal science and technology policy 
     has shifted away from the national military security toward 
     the national economic security;
       (2) support for fundamental research must be part of an 
     integrated Federal investment strategy to stimulate the 
     creation of new knowledge and new technologies that in turn 
     lead to new employment opportunities, greater economic 
     security, and an improved quality of life for all citizens of 
     the United States;
       (3) investments in fundamental research must be increased 
     so that such research not only increases the base of 
     knowledge, but also contributes effectively to specific 
     strategic national goals;
       (4) the education and training of citizens of the United 
     States, particularly citizens who are underrepresented in 
     science and engineering, must be strengthened so that such 
     citizens can work and prosper in the present and future high-
     technology society; and
       (5) as the primary supporter of fundamental research and 
     education in the universities of the United States, the 
     Foundation must be at the center of the science and 
     technology policy of the United States.
       (b) Objectives.--In carrying out its mission, the 
     Foundation shall--
       (1) provide national leadership for a research and 
     education enterprise that contributes new knowledge and 
     educates people to assist in meeting national needs;
       (2) reach out to individuals from all walks of life and all 
     sectors of society to broaden the base of participation in 
     science, engineering, and technology, and help create a 
     scientifically literate society;
       (3) maintain an organizational structure that responds 
     quickly and effectively to challenges and opportunities 
     generated in the new world order, while sustaining a research 
     and education enterprise that is committed to excellence;
       (4) stimulate and support emerging areas of research that 
     may extend beyond existing disciplinary boundaries;
       (5) promote new modes of cooperation among the universities 
     of the United States and the private sector in order to 
     improve education, to stimulate research advances, and to 
     exploit research results for productive use;
       (6) develop and strengthen partnerships and working 
     relationships with other Federal agencies, State and local 
     governments, and the private sector, and participate fully to 
     shape and implement an integrated national science and 
     technology investment strategy;
       (7) lead a national effort to modernize the academic 
     infrastructure of laboratory instrumentation and facilities 
     of the United States, and to maintain such infrastructure at 
     an adequate level to support excellence in research and 
     education; and
       (8) evaluate the effectiveness of the programs and 
     initiatives of the Foundation in research and education 
     according to performance-based milestones that measure 
     progress toward identified national goals.
       (c) Special Rule.--The investments of the Foundation in the 
     improvement of the economic competitiveness of the United 
     States shall be in accordance with the functions of the 
     Foundation as specified by the National Science Foundation 
     Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.). The Foundation may 
     accomplish such investments through the Foundation's support 
     of basic scientific research and science education and of 
     research fundamental to the engineering process and 
     engineering education.
       (d) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to authorize the 
     programs of the Foundation at a level of funding and 
     authority sufficient to carry out the objectives of the 
     Foundation.
       (e) Fiscal Year 1995.--For the following categories, there 
     are authorized to be appropriated to the Foundation for 
     fiscal year 1995 the following sums:
       (1) Research and related activities, $2,348,700,000.
       (2) Education and human resources activities, $605,974,000.
       (3) Academic research instrumentation and facilities, 
     $300,000,000.
       (4) Major research equipment, $150,000,000.
       (5) Salaries and expenses, $130,720,000.
       (6) National Science Foundation headquarters relocation, 
     $5,200,000.
       (7) Office of Inspector General, $4,380,000.
       (f) Fiscal Year 1996.--For the following categories, there 
     are authorized to be appropriated to the Foundation for 
     fiscal year 1996 the following amounts:
       (1) Research and related activities, $2,583,600,000.
       (2) Education and human resources activities, $644,600,000.
       (3) Academic research instrumentation and facilities, 
     $400,000,000.
       (4) Major research equipment, $150,000,000.
       (5) Salaries and expenses, $135,900,000.
       (6) National Science Foundation headquarters relocation, 
     $5,200,000.
       (7) Office of Inspector General, $4,500,000.
       (g) Fiscal Year 1997.--For the following categories, there 
     are authorized to be appropriated to the Foundation for 
     fiscal year 1997 the following amounts:
       (1) Research and related activities, $2,842,000,000.
       (2) Education and human resources activities, $709,000,000.
       (3) Academic research instrumentation and facilities, 
     $500,000,000.
       (4) Major research equipment, $150,000,000.
       (5) Salaries and expenses, $141,300,000.
       (6) National Science Foundation headquarters relocation, 
     $5,200,000.
       (7) Office of Inspector General, $4,620,000.
       (h) Fiscal Year 1998.--For the following categories, there 
     are authorized to be appropriated to the Foundation for 
     fiscal year 1998 the following amounts:
       (1) Research and related activities, $3,126,000,000.
       (2) Education and human resources activities, $780,000,000.
       (3) Academic research instrumentation and facilities, 
     $500,000,000.
       (4) Major research equipment, $150,000,000.
       (5) Salaries and expenses, $147,000,000.
       (6) National Science Foundation headquarters relocation, 
     $5,200,000.
       (7) Office of Inspector General, $4,750,000.
       (i) Fiscal Year 1999.--For the following categories, there 
     are authorized to be appropriated to the Foundation for 
     fiscal year 1999 the following amounts:
       (1) Research and related activities, $3,439,000,000.
       (2) Education and human resources activities, $858,000,000.
       (3) Academic research instrumentation and facilities, 
     $500,000,000.
       (4) Major research equipment, $150,000,000.
       (5) Salaries and expenses, $152,700,000.
       (6) Office of Inspector General, $4,880,000.
       (j) Funding Priorities.--In allocating funds authorized 
     under subsections (e), (f), (g), (h), and (i), the Foundation 
     shall give priority to meeting the goals and objectives of 
     the Foundation through the support of basic research and 
     education in the strategic areas authorized under title II.
       (k) Critical Technologies Institute.--There are authorized 
     to be appropriated to the Critical Technologies Institute 
     $2,500,000 for fiscal year 1995, and $4,000,000 for each of 
     the fiscal years 1996 through 1999.

     SEC. 102. CONSULTATION AND REPRESENTATION EXPENSES.

       From appropriations made under authorizations provided in 
     this Act, not more than $10,000 may be used in each fiscal 
     year for official consultation, representation, or other 
     extraordinary expenses at the discretion of, and as 
     determined by, the Director. The determination of the 
     Director with respect to such expenses shall be final and 
     conclusive upon the accounting officers of the Government.

     SEC. 103. STRATEGIC PLAN.

       (a) Plan.--Section 3(f) of the National Science Foundation 
     Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1862) is amended to read as follows:
       ``(f) The Foundation shall prepare and submit to the 
     President an annual strategic plan that shall be submitted by 
     the Director to the Congress at the time of the President's 
     annual budget submission. The strategic plan shall--
       ``(1) define the overall goals for the Foundation and 
     specific goals for each major cross-directorate strategic 
     research and education initiative;
       ``(2) describe how the identified goals relate to national 
     needs and will exploit new opportunities in science and 
     technology;
       ``(3) contain a plan for the organization and management of 
     each cross-directorate strategic research and education 
     initiative that is consistent with title II;
       ``(4) identify the criteria and describe the procedures 
     that the Foundation will use to assess progress toward 
     achieving the goals identified in accordance with paragraphs 
     (1) and (2);
       ``(5) review the activities of the Foundation during the 
     preceding year that have contributed toward the achievement 
     of the goals identified in accordance with paragraphs (1) and 
     (2), and summarize planned activities for the 3 years 
     succeeding the submission of such report in the context of 
     the identified goals, with particular emphasis on the 
     Foundation's planned contributions to major multiagency 
     research and education initiatives;
       ``(6) contain such recommendations as the Foundation 
     considers appropriate; and
       ``(7) include information on the acquisition and 
     disposition by the Foundation of any patents and patent 
     rights and licensing agreements.''.
       (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 107 of the Education for 
     Economic Security Act is repealed (20 U.S.C. 3917).

     SEC. 104. MAJOR RESEARCH EQUIPMENT.

       No funds appropriated under this title for the purposes of 
     funding any project that involves the construction, 
     acquisition, or procurement of new major research equipment 
     or construction necessary for upgrading the capabilities of 
     existing major research equipment, for which the estimated 
     cost to the Foundation for the construction, acquisition, 
     upgrading or procurement of the major research equipment 
     exceeds $25,000,000, shall be obligated for any grant, 
     contract, subcontract, or cooperative agreement unless the 
     funds are specifically approved by the National Science 
     Board. This section shall not apply to major research 
     equipment projects approved by the National Science Board 
     prior to June 30, 1994.

     SEC. 105. INDIRECT COSTS.

       None of the funds in this Act may be used to reimburse 
     grantees for indirect costs at an amount that differs from 
     the amount that would result from procedures in use by 
     Federal agencies on June 1, 1994, or from Office of 
     Management and Budget Circular A-21, as published in the 
     Federal Register on July 26, 1993, on pages 39996 through 
     39999.
          TITLE II--RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN STRATEGIC AREAS

     SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE.

       This title may be cited as the ``National Science 
     Foundation Strategic Research and Education Authorization Act 
     of 1994''.

     SEC. 202. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

       (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
       (1) Strategic research and education investments should 
     support discovery, integration, dissemination, and 
     application of knowledge in areas of clear strategic 
     importance to the United States and where national goals have 
     been identified.
       (2) Investments in strategic areas require the 
     contributions of many scientific and engineering disciplines 
     to address complex problems important to the United States.
       (3) Strong links must be developed and maintained between 
     strategic research and education investments made by the 
     Foundation and related efforts supported by the public and 
     private sectors.
       (4) The results of investments in strategic research and 
     education must be evaluated according to performance-based 
     milestones that measure progress toward the national goals 
     identified for such investments, and this progress must guide 
     the future investment strategy.
       (5) For fiscal year 1995, the Foundation has proposed the 
     following strategic initiatives:
       (A) Advanced manufacturing technology.
       (B) Advanced materials and processing.
       (C) Biotechnology.
       (D) Civil infrastructure systems.
       (E) Global change research.
       (F) Environmental research.
       (G) High performance computing and communications.
       (H) Science, mathematics, engineering, and technology 
     education.
       (b) Purpose.--It is the purpose of this title to strengthen 
     the Foundation's investment in fundamental research and 
     education and training programs in a variety of strategic 
     areas.

     SEC. 203. ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY.

       (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
       (1) Manufacturing is fundamental to the strength of the 
     economy of the United States.
       (2) Continuing development of manufacturing technology, 
     management, and education, including environmentally 
     conscious manufacturing, will be essential for the future 
     economic security of the United States.
       (3) The Foundation should support an integrated initiative 
     in research and education, emphasizing interdisciplinary 
     research and innovative partnerships among the academic 
     community, industry, and government, to develop the advanced 
     technologies, processes, and practices, that will enable 
     high-performance manufacturing in the 21st century.
       (b) Establishment of Initiative.--The Director is 
     authorized to establish a cross-directorate advanced 
     manufacturing technology initiative that complements the 
     efforts of other government agencies and the private sector. 
     Under the initiative, competitive, merit-based awards shall 
     be made to individuals, small groups, and research centers to 
     support research and education activities that will 
     accelerate the development and application of advanced 
     manufacturing technologies to meet national needs.
       (c) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for a fiscal 
     year under section 101, the Director shall make available, to 
     carry out this section, not more than--
       (1) $213,170,000 for fiscal year 1995;
       (2) $253,670,000 for fiscal year 1996;
       (3) $301,870,000 for fiscal year 1997;
       (4) $359,230,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
       (5) $427,480,000 for fiscal year 1999.

     SEC. 204. ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING.

       (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
       (1) Advances in materials have made dramatic improvements 
     in the capabilities, potential, reliability, and limitations 
     of technology over the past several decades, and further 
     investment promises to enable progress across a broad range 
     of technological areas important to build a more productive 
     economy and improve the quality of life.
       (2) The Foundation should support interdisciplinary 
     research and education to develop new materials and 
     processing technologies for such materials in a way that 
     couples academic materials research effectively with 
     potential users of research results in materials-dependent 
     industries.
       (b) Establishment of Initiative.--The Director is 
     authorized to establish a cross-directorate advanced 
     materials and processing initiative that complements the 
     efforts of the Advanced Research Projects Agency, other 
     government agencies, and the private sector. Under the 
     initiative, competitive, merit-based awards shall be made to 
     individuals, small groups, and research centers to support 
     research and education activities that will accelerate the 
     development and application of new research results that can 
     be applied toward a variety of national needs.
       (c) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for a fiscal 
     year under section 101, the Director shall make available, to 
     carry out this section, not more than--
       (1) $313,180,000 for fiscal year 1995;
       (2) $344,500,000 for fiscal year 1996;
       (3) $378,950,000 for fiscal year 1997;
       (4) $416,840,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
       (5) $458,530,000 for fiscal year 1999.

     SEC. 205. BIOTECHNOLOGY.

       (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
       (1) By the year 2000, the biotechnology industry is 
     projected to have sales reaching $50,000,000,000 in the 
     United States, with the potential for thousands of new jobs, 
     and renewed economic growth if the United States maintains 
     its leadership in such industry.
       (2) The Foundation should invest in a research and 
     education initiative, supporting a wide range of areas 
     including environmental biotechnology, bioprocessing, 
     bioconversion, plant biotechnology, marine biotechnology, the 
     social and economic dimensions of biotechnology, and 
     infrastructure-building in instrumentation, databases, 
     research resources, and training.
       (b) Establishment of Initiative.--The Director is 
     authorized to establish a cross-directorate biotechnology 
     research initiative that complements the efforts of other 
     government agencies and the private sector. Under the 
     initiative, competitive, merit-based awards shall be made to 
     individuals, small groups, and research centers to support 
     research and education activities that--
       (1) will extend the scientific and technical foundations 
     necessary for progress in biotechnology;
       (2) ensure the development of human resource foundations;
       (3) accelerate the transfer of biotechnology research 
     discoveries to commercial applications and eliminate 
     unnecessary barriers to commercialization; and
       (4) realize the benefits of biotechnology to the health and 
     well-being of the population and the protection and 
     restoration of the environment.
       (c) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for a fiscal 
     year under section 101, the Director shall make available, to 
     carry out this section, not more than--
       (1) $205,690,000 for fiscal year 1995;
       (2) $230,370,000 for fiscal year 1996;
       (3) $258,020,000 for fiscal year 1997;
       (4) $288,980,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
       (5) $323,660,000 for fiscal year 1999.

     SEC. 206. CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS.

       (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
       (1) The economic security and quality of life for United 
     States citizens depend on the vitality of the national civil 
     infrastructure.
       (2) There is an urgent need to rebuild obsolete and 
     deteriorated civil infrastructure systems, but the cost may 
     be prohibitive without innovations in materials, construction 
     automation, nondestructive evaluation methods, strategic 
     management and maintenance, design based on total system 
     performance, safety and reliability, adaptive functionality, 
     and evaluation of socioeconomic impacts.
       (3) The Foundation should invest in an interdisciplinary, 
     systems-oriented research and education program that can 
     effectively address the challenge of intelligent 
     infrastructure renewal.
       (b) Establishment of Initiative.--The Director is 
     authorized to establish a cross-directorate civil 
     infrastructure systems initiative that complements the 
     efforts of other government agencies and the private sector. 
     Under the initiative, competitive, merit-based awards shall 
     be made to individuals, small groups, and research centers to 
     support research and education activities that will support 
     the development and application of new scientific and 
     engineering knowledge in such areas as deterioration science, 
     assessment technologies, renewal engineering, and 
     institutional effectiveness and productivity.
       (c) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for a fiscal 
     year under section 101, the Director shall make available, to 
     carry out this section, not more than--
       (1) $54,100,000 for fiscal year 1995;
       (2) $64,920,000 for fiscal year 1996;
       (3) $77,900,000 for fiscal year 1997;
       (4) $93,480,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
       (5) $112,180,000 for fiscal year 1999.

     SEC. 207. GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH.

       (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
       (1) Global change research provides the foundation for 
     understanding and evaluating the changing world, and 
     encourages wise decisions for the future of the United States 
     and the international community.
       (2) The global change research and education initiative of 
     the Foundation should be coordinated with the interagency 
     Global Change Research Program and should seek to--
       (A) develop options for increasing the sustainability of 
     human communities and protecting the environment; and
       (B) support national and international policy formulation 
     and evaluation.
       (b) Establishment of Initiative.--The Director is 
     authorized to establish a cross-directorate global change 
     research initiative that complements the efforts of the 
     interagency Global Change Research Program. Under the 
     initiative, competitive, merit-based awards shall be made to 
     individuals, small groups, and research centers to support 
     research and education activities that will advance 
     fundamental understandings of dynamic physical, biological, 
     and socioeconomic systems and the interactions among such 
     systems, and the likelihood and extent of possible global 
     change.
       (c) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for a fiscal 
     year under section 101, the Director shall make available, to 
     carry out this section, not more than--
       (1) $190,520,000 for fiscal year 1995;
       (2) $200,050,000 for fiscal year 1996;
       (3) $210,050,000 for fiscal year 1997;
       (4) $220,550,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
       (5) $231,580,000 for fiscal year 1999.

     SEC. 208. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH.

       (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
       (1) Today, the Federal Government spends an estimated 
     $6,000,000,000 on environmental research and development, yet 
     environmental problems persist and new problems emerge that 
     endanger the quality of life.
       (2) Federally supported environmental research must be 
     coupled more closely to environmental policy in order to 
     focus the research on critical policy questions and to enable 
     decisionmakers to take advantage of the most recent, highest 
     quality research results.
       (b) Establishment of Initiative.--
       (1) In general.--The Director is authorized to establish a 
     cross-directorate environmental research initiative that 
     complements the efforts of other government agencies and the 
     private sector. Under the initiative, competitive, merit-
     based awards shall be made to individuals, small groups, and 
     research centers to support research and education activities 
     that will focus on such topics as--
       (A) research on the effects of biodiversity on the health 
     of ecosystems;
       (B) infrastructure support for biological field stations;
       (C) environmental education;
       (D) computer modeling of changing environmental conditions; 
     and
       (E) research on new technologies for pollution prevention 
     and environmental remediation, and environmentally benign 
     chemical synthesis and processing.
       (2) Establishment of a national environmental research 
     program.--As part of the environmental research initiative 
     authorized under paragraph (1), the Director is authorized to 
     establish a National Environmental Research Program to 
     include the following components:
       (A) National environmental research forum.--The Director is 
     authorized to establish a National Environmental Research 
     Forum composed of representatives of the private sector, 
     including industrial consortia, scientific and engineering 
     societies and associations, nongovernmental organizations, 
     the Foundation, and other relevant Federal agencies for the 
     purpose of developing an environmental research agenda that 
     will be scientifically significant, be relevant from a 
     sociopolitical point of view, will have a direct connection 
     to the knowledge needs of managers and others whose decisions 
     have environmental consequences, and will use risk-benefit 
     criteria to assign priorities on the research agenda.
       (B) National environmental research centers.--The Director, 
     with the cooperation of other Federal agencies, is authorized 
     to establish, through a competitive, merit-based review 
     process, one or more National Centers for Environmental 
     Research to conduct multidisciplinary research that responds 
     to the information needs of, and the research agenda 
     established by, the National Environmental Research Forum.
       (C) National environmental fellowship program.--The 
     Director, with the cooperation of other relevant Federal 
     agencies, is authorized to establish, through a competitive, 
     merit-based process, a fellowship program to provide support 
     for personnel exchanges between academic institutions, 
     Federal, State, and local agencies, industry and industrial 
     consortia, and other private sector organizations concerned 
     with information needs and responsibilities for environmental 
     decisionmaking.
       (c) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for a fiscal 
     year under section 101, the Director shall make available not 
     more than--
       (1) $156,040,000 for fiscal year 1995, of which not more 
     than $20,000,000 may be used for the National Environmental 
     Research Program;
       (2) $171,640,000 for fiscal year 1996, of which not more 
     than $30,000,000 may be used for the National Environmental 
     Research Program;
       (3) $188,810,000 for fiscal year 1997, of which not more 
     than $40,000,000 may be used for the National Environmental 
     Research Program;
       (4) $207,690,000 for fiscal year 1998, of which not more 
     than $50,000,000 may be used for the National Environmental 
     Research Program; and
       (5) $228,460,000 for fiscal year 1999, of which not more 
     than $60,000,000 may be used for the National Environmental 
     Research Program.

     SEC. 209. HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS.

       (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
       (1) High performance computing and communications promote 
     sharing of information, wide dissemination of advances in 
     innovative technologies, and improved productivity and 
     industrial competitiveness.
       (2) In addition to supporting innovative research and 
     education, the investments of the Foundation in high 
     performance computing and communications should--
       (A) support the National Information Infrastructure through 
     application-driven research including proof-of-principle 
     demonstrations;
       (B) develop, provide, and support national research and 
     education networking services and capabilities; and
       (C) make advanced computing, communications, and 
     information infrastructure accessible to the broadest 
     possible segment of society.
       (b) Establishment of Initiative.--The Director is 
     authorized to establish a cross-directorate high performance 
     computing and communications initiative under which 
     competitive, merit-based awards shall be made to individuals, 
     small groups, and research centers to support research and 
     education activities that will focus on such issues as--
       (1) the expansion and technological development of the 
     National Science Foundation Computer Network (NSFNET);
       (2) support for existing supercomputer and research 
     centers;
       (3) Grand Challenge and National Challenge application 
     groups;
       (4) research infrastructure;
       (5) disciplinary high performance computing research 
     programs; and
       (6) education and training.
       (c) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for a fiscal 
     year under section 101, the Director shall make available, to 
     carry out this section, not more than--
       (1) $328,620,000 for fiscal year 1995;
       (2) $345,050,000 for fiscal year 1996;
       (3) $362,300,000 for fiscal year 1997;
       (4) $380,420,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
       (5) $399,440,000 for fiscal year 1999.

     SEC. 210. SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 
                   EDUCATION.

       (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
       (1) In international comparisons, the United States ranks 
     below most other developed nations in science and 
     mathematics.
       (2) The United States will need a broadly competent, 
     scientifically literate workforce in order to sustain a 
     strong and productive economy in the coming decades.
       (3) The Foundation is the appropriate agency to lead an 
     interagency initiative to support innovative approaches to 
     improve science, mathematics, engineering, and technology 
     education at all levels so that all citizens of the United 
     States can work in and enjoy the benefits of the rapidly 
     changing, high-technology economy.
       (b) Establishment of Initiative.--The Director is 
     authorized to establish a cross-directorate science, 
     mathematics, engineering, and technology education initiative 
     under which competitive, merit-based awards shall be made, in 
     cooperation with the Department of Education and other 
     relevant Federal agencies, States and local government, 
     institutions of higher education, and the private sector, to 
     individuals, small groups, and centers to support research 
     and education activities that fundamentally will reform and 
     improve the mathematics and science education enterprise of 
     the United States at all levels of education.
       (c) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for a fiscal 
     year under section 101, the Director shall make available, to 
     carry out this section, not more than--
       (1) $650,190,000 for fiscal year 1995;
       (2) $715,210,000 for fiscal year 1996;
       (3) $786,730,000 for fiscal year 1997;
       (4) $865,400,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
       (5) $951,940,000 for fiscal year 1999.

     SEC. 211. ADDITIONAL STRATEGIC INITIATIVES.

       The Director, with the advice and consent of the Board and 
     in consultation with the Office of Science and Technology 
     Policy, is authorized to support, modify, and as, 
     appropriate, add or eliminate strategic initiatives in 
     research and education based on emerging national needs and 
     the ability of science and engineering to contribute in 
     meaningful and significant ways toward identified national 
     needs and objectives.

     SEC. 212. SUPPORT FOR STRATEGIC INITIATIVES.

       To support the strategic initiatives authorized by this 
     title, the Director shall make available not more than--
       (1) $1,760,400,000 for fiscal year 1995;
       (2) $1,936,920,000 for fiscal year 1996;
       (3) $2,130,600,000 for fiscal year 1997;
       (4) $2,343,600,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
       (5) $2,578,200,000 for fiscal year 1999.

     SEC. 213. TRANSFER AUTHORITY.

       (a) In General.--Funds may be transferred among 
     directorates and strategic initiatives within the research 
     and related activities category so long as the net funds 
     transferred to or from any directorate or initiative does not 
     exceed 10 percent of the amount budgeted for that directorate 
     or strategic initiative.
       (b) Transfers Exceeding Ten Percent.--In addition, the 
     Director may propose transfer to or from any directorate or 
     strategic initiative within the research and related 
     activities category an amount exceeding 10 percent of the 
     amount budgeted for that directorate or strategic initiative. 
     An explanation of any such proposed transfer must be 
     transmitted in writing to the Committees on Labor and Human 
     Resources and Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
     Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
     the House of Representatives. The proposed transfer may not 
     be made until 30 calendar days after the date of the 
     transmission of the written explanation.
                     TITLE III--GENERAL PROVISIONS

     SEC. 301. AMENDMENTS TO THE ACADEMIC RESEARCH FACILITIES 
                   MODERNIZATION ACT OF 1988.

       (a) Authorization.--Section 203(a)(1) of the Academic 
     Research Facilities Modernization Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 
     1862b(a)(1)) is amended to read as follows:
       ``(a)(1) To carry out this title, the Director shall 
     establish a new Academic Research Instrumentation and 
     Facilities Modernization Program (hereafter in this title 
     referred to as the ``Program'') to provide awards to 
     institutions of higher education, independent nonprofit 
     research institutions, and research museums, and consortia 
     thereof, to carry out projects with respect to--
       ``(A) the acquisition of research instrumentation; or
       ``(B) the repair, renovation, or, in exceptional cases, 
     replacement of obsolete science and engineering facilities 
     that are primarily used for research.''.
       (b) Program Projects.--Section 203(b)(1) of the Academic 
     Research Facilities Modernization Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 
     1862b(b)(1)) is amended to read as follows:
       ``(b)(1) The Program shall be carried out through 
     projects--
       ``(1) that involve--
       ``(A) acquisition of state-of-the-art research 
     instrumentation; or
       ``(B) the repair, renovation, or, in exceptional cases, 
     replacement of specific science and engineering facilities of 
     the entities that are devoted primarily to research; and
       ``(2) for which funds are awarded in response to specific 
     proposals submitted by the entities in accordance with grant 
     requirements prescribed by the Director under section 204.''.
       (c) Procedures.--Section 204(a)(2)(C) of the Academic 
     Research Facilities Modernization Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 
     1862c(a)(2)(C)) is amended by striking ``but at least 30 
     percent'' and inserting ``but at least 20 percent''.
       (d) Set-Aside for Certain Institutions.--Section 205 of the 
     Academic Research Facilities Modernization Act of 1988 (42 
     U.S.C. 1862d) is amended by striking ``at least 12 percent'' 
     and inserting ``not more than 20 percent''.

     SEC. 302. AMENDMENTS TO THE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING EQUAL 
                   OPPORTUNITIES ACT.

       (a) Opportunities for Students.--Section 32 of the Science 
     and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 1885) is 
     amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
       ``(c)(1) The Congress finds that Native Hawaiian students, 
     students who are Pacific Islanders, and Native American 
     students are underrepresented in science, computer science, 
     and engineering. Such students face both cultural barriers to 
     the study of science and geographical isolation.
       ``(2) The Director is authorized to make awards to 
     institutions of higher education, including community 
     colleges, and local educational agencies to work in 
     partnership with community organizations to develop and 
     implement science, computer science, technology, and 
     mathematics curricula that--
       ``(A) are in accord with the traditional cultural values of 
     the students described in paragraph (1);
       ``(B) emphasize the scientific achievements of the native 
     cultures of such students; and
       ``(C) encourage enrollment of such students in higher 
     education.''
       (b) Committee on Equal Opportunities in Science and 
     Technology.--Section 36 of the Science and Engineering Equal 
     Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 1885c) is amended--
       (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ``individuals with 
     disabilities,'' after ``minorities,'';
       (2) in subsection (b), by striking the second sentence and 
     inserting the following: ``The Chairpersons of relevant 
     committees or subcommittees of the National Science Board, as 
     designated by the Chairperson of the Board, shall be ex 
     officio members of the Committee.'';
       (3) by striking subsections (c) and (d);
       (4) by redesignating subsections (e) and (f) as subsections 
     (d) and (e), respectively;
       (5) by inserting after subsection (b) the following new 
     subsection:
       ``(c) The Committee shall be responsible for reviewing and 
     evaluating all Foundation matters as such matters relate to 
     participation in, opportunities for, and advancement in 
     education, training, and research in science and engineering 
     of members of underrepresented groups.''; and
       (6) in subsection (d) (as redesignated by paragraph (4)), 
     by striking ``additional''.

     SEC. 303. INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE PROGRAMS.

       (a) Cooperative Projects With Latin America Grants.--
       (1) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
       (A) The recent lowering of trade barriers will increase the 
     exchange of technologies and technically trained personnel 
     with the countries of Latin America.
       (B) To promote such exchange, scientists from the United 
     States should establish cooperative projects in scientific 
     and engineering research with scientists in the countries of 
     Latin America.
       (2) Authority.--The Director is authorized to make grants 
     to organizations within the United States, including colleges 
     and universities, for the purpose of promoting cooperative 
     research projects between scientists in the United States and 
     scientists in Latin American organizations. Prior to making 
     any grants under this section, the Director shall make a 
     determination that--
       (A) the project has scientific merit as determined by 
     standard Foundation procedures;
       (B) the project will encourage the development of 
     infrastructure connections between cooperating institutions 
     that can be used in support of future projects; and
       (C) at least 50 percent of the funding for the project will 
     be provided by the Latin American partner.
       (3) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized 
     to be appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for 
     each of the fiscal years 1995, and such sums as may be 
     necessary for each of the succeeding 3 fiscal years.
       (4) Coordination.--In carrying out this section, the 
     Director shall coordinate with Federal agencies, such as the 
     Agency for International Development, which have expertise in 
     cooperative international projects.
       (b) U.S.-Newly Independent States Collaborative Research 
     Program.--
       (1) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
       (A) The dissolution of the Soviet Union has been 
     accompanied by economic dislocation in the Russian Federation 
     and the other republics. As a result, scientific 
     establishments have been seriously and adversely affected.
       (B) United States support for emerging democratic 
     institutions in the newly independent states can be greatly 
     enhanced by assisting in the development of a sound economic 
     structure. A productive economy must be sustained by a 
     healthy scientific and technological infrastructure.
       (C) Despite their difficult environment, scientists in the 
     newly independent states are world experts in selected 
     fields. Collaborative research can benefit all international 
     partners, including the United States.
       (D) The newly independent states are faced with the 
     imminent dissolution of the scientific and technological 
     infrastructure of such states and the emigration of the best 
     scientists and engineers of such states. Loss of the most 
     highly educated and trained citizens will greatly impede 
     development of democratic institutions and private enterprise 
     within the region.
       (E) Modest external resources can be leveraged to provide a 
     significant source of support for scientists and engineers in 
     the newly independent states, engaged in both civilian and 
     defense related research, most of whom do not wish to leave 
     their homelands.
       (F) The United States has long recognized that effective 
     communication between the research and industrial communities 
     is necessary for both to remain healthy and can be achieved 
     through collaborative research projects. Scientists and 
     entrepreneurs in the emerging republics have little 
     understanding or experience with commercial business 
     practice. These skills can best be developed through 
     cooperative arrangements with United States counterparts.
       (G) Collaborative research with the scientific community 
     can sustain excellence while encouraging the transition 
     toward democratization and practical application and transfer 
     of research efforts to the emerging private sector. Such 
     collaboration links United States researchers and businesses 
     to highly trained personnel and sophisticated new 
     technologies and manufacturing processes.
       (H) The most effective kind of support would--
       (i) be mutually beneficial to the both United States and 
     the Newly Independent States scientists and engineers;
       (ii) take advantage of existing relationships, special 
     expertise, and unique research facilities in the newly 
     independent states;
       (iii) provide salary support to scientists and engineers in 
     the Newly Independent States working on collaborative 
     projects; and
       (iv) provide support within the next 6 to 12 months.
       (2) Establishment of Program.--The Director is authorized 
     to establish a cross-directorate program between the United 
     States and the Newly Independent States under which 
     competitive, merit-based awards shall be made to individuals, 
     small groups, and research centers to support collaborative 
     research efforts between scientists and engineers from the 
     United States and the Newly Independent States. Options for 
     support should include--
       (A) supplements to existing National Science Foundation 
     research centers including Engineering Research Centers, 
     Science and Technology Centers, industry-University 
     Cooperative Research Centers, and Materials Research Science 
     and Engineering Centers, to establish collaborative research 
     programs with counterpart institutions in the Newly 
     Independent States;
       (B) collaborative research in the strategic areas such as 
     environmental research, advanced materials, and related 
     disciplines with awards and supplements made to United States 
     institutions to develop joint research projects to gain 
     access to specialized and unique facilities in the Newly 
     Independent States;
       (C) supplement existing individual investigator research 
     awards that would identify promising opportunities for 
     scientific and technological collaboration with scientists 
     and engineers in the Newly Independent States; and
       (D) special awards to support coordination and cooperative 
     planning activities to improve communication and the 
     development of long term interactions between scientists and 
     engineers in the United States and the Newly Independent 
     States.
       (3) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized 
     to be appropriated to the Director $10,000,000 for fiscal 
     year 1995, $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1996, $30,000,000 for 
     fiscal year 1997, $40,000,000 for fiscal year 1998, and 
     $50,000,000 for fiscal year 1999.

     SEC. 304. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE 
                   RESEARCH.

       (a) Authority.--The Director shall continue to carry out 
     the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research 
     (hereafter referred to in this section as the ``Program'') to 
     award research grants to entities that are located in States 
     that--
       (1) historically have received relatively little Federal 
     research and development funding; and
       (2) have demonstrated a commitment to develop the research 
     bases of such States and improve science and engineering 
     research and education programs within such States.
       (b) Eligibility.--Entities in those States in which awards 
     have been made under the Program shall be eligible to compete 
     for support under the Program provided that the State 
     provides assurances of matching funds and submits a proposal 
     consistent with the goals and objectives of the program as 
     established by the Director. All awards made by the Director 
     shall be based on a competitive, merit-based review process.

     SEC. 305. NATIONAL UNIVERSITY TEACHING FELLOWS PROGRAM.

       (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
       (1) maintaining an economically competitive workforce 
     requires high quality undergraduate education in science, 
     mathematics, and engineering, not only for students who will 
     specialize in those fields, but for all undergraduate 
     students; and
       (2) demonstrated excellence in providing such education is 
     frequently not recognized appropriately.
       (b) Definitions.--As used in this section:
       (1) Department.--The term ``department'' means the 
     department--
       (A) located at the institution where a fellow is a faculty 
     member; and
       (B) in which such fellow is assigned to provide instruction 
     to undergraduate students in a subject area under the 
     jurisdiction of the department.
       (2) Fellow.--The term ``fellow'' means an individual who is 
     selected as a fellow under paragraph (5) of subsection (d).
       (3) Interdisciplinary program.--The term 
     ``interdisciplinary program'' means an instructional program 
     that--
       (A) combines members of two or more of the traditional 
     academic departments; and
       (B) is empowered to recommend members of its faculty for 
     tenure.
       (c) Designation of Fellows.--Individuals receiving awards 
     under this section shall be known as ``National Undergraduate 
     Teaching Fellows''.
       (d) Authority.--
       (1) In general.--The Director is authorized to--
       (A) select annually individuals who are faculty members 
     teaching undergraduate courses at institutions of higher 
     education to be teaching fellows;
       (B) award fellowships to such individuals to carry out 
     projects described in paragraph (3); and
       (C) make grants to the departments or interdisciplinary 
     programs of the institutions where the fellows are faculty 
     members to carry out the activity described in paragraph (3).
       (2) Amount of fellowships and grants.--
       (A) Fellow.--The Director is authorized to award a 
     fellowship in the amount of at least $100,000 over 3 years to 
     each fellow to carry out the projects described in paragraph 
     (3).
       (B) Department.--The Director is authorized to make a grant 
     in the amount of at least $60,000 over 3 years to the 
     department or interdisciplinary program of the institution 
     where each fellow is a faculty member.
       (3) Authorized activities.--Amounts awarded under paragraph 
     (2) shall be used--
       (A) in the case of a fellowship awarded to a fellow, to 
     carry out projects to improve undergraduate science, 
     mathematics, or engineering education; and
       (B) in the case of a grant made to the department or 
     interdisciplinary program of an institution where a fellow is 
     a faculty member, for the improvement of undergraduate 
     education.
       (4) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a fellowship or 
     grant under this title, an individual described in paragraph 
     (1)(A) shall--
       (A) be nominated by the institution where such individual 
     is a faculty member;
       (B) hold a tenure track appointment in such institution; 
     and
       (C) submit to the Director a written proposal, with respect 
     to the improvement of undergraduate education at such 
     institution, at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by 
     such information as the Director may reasonably require.
       (5) Selection requirements.--The Director shall select a 
     fellow on the basis of the--
       (A) performance of such fellow in improving undergraduate 
     education at the institution where such fellow is a faculty 
     member;
       (B) proposal submitted under paragraph (4); and
       (C) excellence of such fellow as an undergraduate teacher.
       (d) Authorization Of Appropriations.--There are authorized 
     to be appropriated $1,500,000 for the fiscal year 1995, 
     $3,000,000 for fiscal year 1996, and $4,500,000 for each of 
     the succeeding fiscal years to carry out this section.

     SEC. 306. ADMINISTRATIVE AMENDMENTS.

       (a) National Science Foundation Act of 1950 Amendments.--
       (1) National science board.--Section 4(e) of the National 
     Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1863(e)) is amended 
     by striking the second and third sentences and inserting the 
     following: ``The Board shall adopt procedures governing the 
     conduct of its meetings, including procedures with respect to 
     the requirements of a quorum and the delivery of notice of 
     meetings to members of the Board.''.
       (2) Director of the foundation.--Section 5(e)(2) of the 
     National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 
     1864(e)(2)) is amended to read as follows:
       ``(2) Any delegation of authority or imposition of 
     conditions under paragraph (1) shall be promptly published in 
     the Federal Register and reported to the Committees on Labor 
     and Human Resources and Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
     of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and 
     Technology of the House of Representatives.''.
       (3) Miscellaneous provisions.--Section 14 of the National 
     Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1873) is amended by 
     striking subsection (j).
       (4) Security provisions.--Section 15(a) of the National 
     Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1874(a)) is amended 
     by striking ``Atomic Energy Commission'' and inserting 
     ``Secretary of Energy''.
       (b) National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1988 
     Amendments.--Section 117(a)(1)(B)(v) of the National Science 
     Foundation Authorization Act of 1988 is amended to read as 
     follows:
       ``(v) from schools established outside the several States 
     and the District of Columbia by any agency of the Federal 
     Government for dependents of such employees.''.
                                 ______

      By Mr. GRAHAM:
  S. 2346. A bill to establish a fund for various programs to 
strengthen and expand the capacity of State and local governments and 
other entities to improve the public health; read the first time.


                   the public health improvement act

  Mr. GRAHAM. Mr. President, I would like to, first of all, acknowledge 
all the work that Virginia Congressman Jim Moran and his staff have 
done in putting together many of the pieces of the Public Health 
Improvement Act. This legislation seeks to promote prevention and 
public health through four distinct approaches: First, strengthening 
the capacity of local and State public health departments to carry out 
core public health functions; second, expanding access to preventive 
and primary care services for vulnerable and medically underserved 
communities; third, supporting applied research on prevention and 
effective public health interventions; and, fourth, addressing public 
health work force needs.
  I would also like to thank all the public health organizations that 
have put in long hours getting this bill together for introduction. 
They represent the people across this country who are responsible for 
providing on a daily basis the environmental, educational, and personal 
health expertise to address our Nation's public health problems.
  What is public health? The American Public Health Association defines 
it as ``the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and 
promoting physical and mental health through organized community 
efforts.'' The National Academy of Science's Institute of Medicine 
defines the mission of public health as ``fulfilling society's interest 
is assuring conditions in which people can be healthy.''
  I offer these definitions because public health means different 
things to different people, and often, is not even something tangible. 
Public health is not having to worry about the water we drink, the food 
we eat and air we breathe. Fundamentally, it is the art of keeping 
people healthy and that function often goes virtually unnoticed.
  Dr. C. Everett Koop and other members of the Health Project 
Consortium published an article in the New England Journal of Medicine 
on July 29, 1993, noting that approximately 70 percent of all illness 
is preventable and that there are about 1 million deaths annually that 
are preventable. That amounts to in excess of $600 annually. The waste 
of both lives and money is incomprehensible.
  However, rather than investing wisely in prevention, our health care 
system is focused on sickness and acute medical care. The result has 
been a systematic shift of public and private spending toward acute and 
institutional medical care and away from the critical role of keeping 
communities safe and healthy.
  After a 2-year study of our Nation's public health system that was 
finalized in 1988, the Institute of Medicine concluded:

       It is, therefore, with great concern and some alarm that 
     the committee has observed the current state of public 
     health. We have observed many symptoms of systemic problems, 
     solutions to which will require a comprehensive strategy and 
     a strong commitment on the part of the entire society. We 
     have observed disorganization, weak and unstable 
     leadership, a lessening of professional and expert 
     competence in leadership positions, hostility to public 
     health concepts and approaches, outdated statutes, 
     inadequate financial support for public health activities 
     and public health education, gaps in the data gathering 
     and analysis that are essential to the public health 
     functions of assessment and surveillance, and lack of 
     effective links between the public and private sectors for 
     the accomplishment of public health objectives.
       In our view, these problems reflect a lack of appreciation 
     among the general public and policymakers for the crucial 
     role that a strong public health capacity must play in 
     maintaining and improving the health of the public.

  These problems have only intensified as public health budgets have 
continued to decline throughout the 1980's. In fact, our Nation now 
spends less than 1 percent of our total health care bill on public 
health. According to the American Public Health Association, ``Public 
health spending decreased by almost 25 percent as a portion of our 
total national health spending between 1981 and 1993.'' Is it any 
wonder that the result is that our Nation continues to see more and 
more patients in its sickness system and that one-seventh of our 
Nation's gross national product now goes to health care?
  Between 1985 and 1991, our Nation has seen increases in hepatitis A, 
mumps, rubella, tuberculosis, and syphilis, among others. In the case 
of tuberculosis, this was something we thought we were close to 
eradicating, and instead, we have increasing caseloads across the 
Nation.
  As a result, I am proud to come before you today to introduce the 
Public Health Improvement Act. Many of the provisions of this bill were 
included in President Clinton's original Health Security Act and in the 
Senate Labor and Human Resources health bill. My legislation goes 
beyond these two pieces of legislation by also addressing applied 
research on prevention and effective public health interventions and 
public health work force issues.
  The bill provides for an average of $2.2 billion annually through the 
year 2002 in new public health funding streams. This effort will 
strengthen our State and local public health systems by ensuring 
adequate resources for carrying out core functions and expanding access 
to community-based preventive and primary care to vulnerable and 
medically underserved communities.
  I would like to highlight the section of the bill relating to Applied 
Research on Prevention and Effective Public Health Interventions. This 
language is similar to a bill I introduced in 1991 to undertake disease 
prevention and health promotion research activities that have long been 
neglected. As the Institute of Medicine notes:

       ``Effective public health actions must be based on accurate 
     knowledge of health problem causation, distribution, and the 
     effectiveness of interventions * * *. For many public health 
     problems the knowledge base, including knowledge about the 
     effectiveness of specific interventions, is inadequate.

  Specifically, the bill would result in research being conducted in 
the following area: First, the impact on health status and the cost-
effectiveness of clinical preventive and health education services; 
and, second, the cost-effectiveness of community-based interventions to 
improve health outcomes. These studies will increase the technical 
capacity in public health, but also, the public at-large. Restoring an 
effective and strong public health system will require the interest and 
participation by all Americans. I hope this bill provides an important 
step toward that goal.

  Funding would also go to many other practical programs to address the 
health care needs of communities. For instance, funding would go to 
school-based health services. School-based clinics make sense became 
they serve not only a significant vulnerable population, but they would 
also serve as an outreach service to the community.
  Money would also be spent on keeping the water supply safe. Funds 
from this bill would be used to investigate and control contamination 
in the water supply.
  Furthermore, funding would be used to make mammograms accessible to 
women across this country in their communities. A recent study showed 
that about 46,000 women will die of breast cancer in 1994. Through 
accessible, affordable mammograms, we can save lives by diagnosing 
breast cancer early. These are just a few of the examples of the 
important programs this legislation would address.
  In short, prevention and public health are clearly cost-effective and 
health prolonging strategies that should be prominently included by 
Congress in any health reform package. This legislation is not a 
substitute for a comprehensive health reform bill, rather it is a 
necessary complement to it. I urge my colleagues to consider its 
inclusion in the health care reform package that will come before us in 
the next week or so.
                                 ______

      By Mr. SASSER (for himself, Mr. Moynihan, and Mr. Warner):
  S. 2347. A bill to require the Secretary of the Treasury to mint 
coins in commemoration of the 150th anniversary of the founding of the 
Smithsonian Institution; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and 
Urban Affairs.


             Smithsonian Institution Commemorative Coin Act

 Mr. SASSER. Mr. President, I introduce and urge my colleagues 
to support, the Smithsonian Institution Commemorative Coin Act of 1996. 
I am introducing this bill also on behalf of my distinguished 
colleagues, Senators Moynihan and Warner. Senators Moynihan, Warner, 
and I are privileged to serve as members of the Smithsonian 
Institution's Board of Regents.
  August 10, 1996 will mark the 150th anniversary of the founding of 
the Smithsonian Institution, one of the Nation's best examples of a 
successful public-private partnership. This legislation provides for 
the minting of coins to commemorate this momentous occasion.
  Created as a Federal Trusteeship by Congress in 1846, the Smithsonian 
Institution is today the largest research and museum complex in the 
world. The Smithsonian's various museums were visited more than 26 
million times last year and unlike so many other museums, the 
Smithsonian remains free of charge to the public. In addition, 
thousands of Americans and foreign scholars used the vast repository of 
knowledge and artifacts to assist in a variety of research activities.
  The Smithsonian's sesquicentennial commemoration provides us the 
opportunity to celebrate both the Institution's great accomplishments 
and its future role and mission.
  The central goal of the commemoration, however, will be to increase 
the sense of ownership and participation in the Smithsonian by the 
American people.
  Throughout its 150th year, the Smithsonian will undertake a series of 
programs and stage a number of events to commemorate its founding, as 
well as to explore new ways in which it can serve the public. These 
activities, while extensions of the existing framework of Smithsonian 
programs, will require significant financial resources.
  In light of the existing budget constraints under which the Federal 
Government must operate, the Smithsonian's Board of Regents concluded 
it would not seek any additional appropriated funds in support of 
sesquicentennial programming. Rather, the Smithsonian will concentrate 
its efforts to raise support for the anniversary programming from non-
Federal sources. The commemorative coins would be one such effort.
  The coins would be issued on August 10, 1996, exactly 150 years from 
the actual date of the act of Congress which established the 
Smithsonian Institution. The issuance of Smithsonian sesquicentennial 
commemorative coins will provide an opportunity for the American public 
to obtain a valued memento, while at the same time supporting the 
Institution's mandate to preserve our Nation's cultural and historical 
heritage. In addition, the funds derived from the issuance and sale of 
these commemorative coins will not only enable the Smithsonian to 
showcase its 150-year service to the Nation, but will also transfer the 
financial responsibility for sesquicentennial activities from the 
American taxpayer to voluntary contributions.
  Further, the legislation authorizes that 15 percent of the total 
proceeds remitted to the Institution would be designated to support the 
national numismatic collection at the National Museum of American 
History. This component of the legislation is strongly supported by the 
numismatic community and in a very tangible way demonstrates our 
appreciation for their support of all congressionally authorized 
commemorative coin programs.
  Without exception, every Senator has constituents who visit, 
communicate with, and otherwise benefit from the Smithsonian. From 
eager first-graders to learned scholars and researchers, the public is 
consistently served by the vast resources and expertise of the 
Smithsonian and its staff. Successful enactment of this legislation 
will give the American people the opportunity to celebrate the benefits 
and wonder the Smithsonian has given us the last 150 years.
  Mr. President, I urge all my colleagues to join me in sponsoring this 
bill to celebrate and honor the 150th anniversary of the Smithsonian 
Institution from which all Americans have gained so much.
  Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be 
printed in the Record.
  There being no objection, the bill was ordered to be printed in the 
Record, as follows:

                                S. 2347

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``Smithsonian Institution 
     Sesquicentennial Commemorative Coin Act''.

     SEC. 2. COIN SPECIFICATIONS.

       (a) Denominations.--The Secretary of the Treasury 
     (hereafter in this Act referred to as the ``Secretary'') 
     shall mint and issue the following coins:
       (1) $5 gold coins.--Not more than 100,000 $5 coins, which 
     shall--
       (A) weigh 8.359 grams;
       (B) have a diameter of 0.850 inches; and
       (C) contain 90 percent gold and 10 percent alloy.
       (2) $1 silver coins.--Not more than 800,000 $1 coins, which 
     shall--
       (A) weigh 26.73 grams;
       (B) have a diameter of 1.500 inches; and
       (C) contain 90 percent silver and 10 percent copper.
       (b) Legal Tender.--The coins minted under this Act shall be 
     legal tender, as provided in section 5103 of title 31, United 
     States Code.
       (c) Numismatic Items.--For purposes of section 5134 of 
     title 31, United States Code, all coins minted under this Act 
     shall be considered to be numismatic items.

     SEC. 3. SOURCES OF BULLION.

       (a) Gold.--The Secretary shall obtain gold for minting 
     coins under this Act pursuant to the authority of the 
     Secretary under other provisions of law.
       (b) Silver.--The Secretary shall obtain silver for minting 
     coins under this Act only from stockpiles established under 
     the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act.

     SEC. 4. DESIGN OF COINS.

       (a) Design Requirements.--
       (1) In general.--The design of the coins minted under this 
     Act shall be emblematic of the scientific, educational, and 
     cultural significance and importance of the Smithsonian 
     Institution and shall include the following words from the 
     original bequest of James Smithson: ``for the increase and 
     diffusion of knowledge''.
       (2) Designation and inscriptions.--On each coin minted 
     under this Act there shall be--
       (A) a designation of the value of the coin;
       (B) an inscription of the year ``1996''; and
       (C) inscriptions of the words ``Liberty'', ``In God We 
     Trust'', ``United States of America'', and ``E Pluribus 
     Unum''.
       (b) Selection.--The design for the coins minted under this 
     Act shall be--
       (1) selected by the Secretary after consultation with the 
     Smithsonian Institution and the Commission of Fine Arts; and
       (2) reviewed by the Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory 
     Committee.

     SEC. 5. ISSUANCE OF COINS.

       (a) Quality of Coins.--Coins minted under this Act shall be 
     issued in uncirculated and proof qualities.
       (b) Mint Facility.--Only 1 facility of the United States 
     Mint may be used to strike any particular combination of 
     denomination and quality of the coins minted under this Act.
       (c) Period for Issuance.--The Secretary may issue coins 
     minted under this Act only during the period beginning on 
     August 10, 1996, and ending on August 9, 1997.

     SEC. 6. SALE OF COINS.

       (a) Sale Price.--The coins issued under this Act shall be 
     sold by the Secretary at a price equal to the sum of--
       (1) the face value of the coins;
       (2) the surcharge provided in subsection (d) with respect 
     to such coins; and
       (3) the cost of designing and issuing the coins (including 
     labor, materials, dies, use of machinery, overhead expenses, 
     marketing, and shipping).
       (b) Bulk Sales.--The Secretary shall make bulk sales of the 
     coins issued under this Act at a reasonable discount.
       (c) Prepaid Orders.--
       (1) In general.--The Secretary shall accept prepaid orders 
     for the coins minted under this Act before the issuance of 
     such coins.
       (2) Discount.--Sale prices with respect to prepaid orders 
     under paragraph (1) shall be at a reasonable discount.
       (d) Surcharges.--All sales shall include a surcharge of--
       (1) $35 per coin for the $5 coin; and
       (2) $10 per coin for the $1 coin.

     SEC. 7. GENERAL WAIVER OF PROCUREMENT REGULATIONS.

       (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), no 
     provision of law governing procurement or public contracts 
     shall be applicable to the procurement of goods and services 
     necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Act.
       (b) Equal Employment Opportunity.--Subsection (a) shall not 
     relieve any person entering into a contract under the 
     authority of this Act from complying with any law relating to 
     equal employment opportunity.

     SEC. 8. DISTRIBUTION OF SURCHARGES.

       (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), all 
     surcharges received by the Secretary from the sale of coins 
     issued under this Act shall be promptly paid by the Secretary 
     to the Smithsonian Institution for the purpose of supporting 
     programming related to the 150th anniversary and general 
     activities of the Smithsonian Institution.
       (b) National Numismatic Collection.--Not less than 15 
     percent of the total amount paid to the Smithsonian 
     Institution under subsection (a) shall be dedicated to 
     supporting the operation and activities of the National 
     Numismatic Collection at the National Museum of American 
     History.
       (c) Audits.--The Comptroller General of the United States 
     shall have the right to examine such books, records, 
     documents, and other data of the Smithsonian Institution as 
     may be related to the expenditures of amounts paid under 
     subsection (a).

     SEC. 9. FINANCIAL ASSURANCES.

       (a) No Net Cost to the Government.--The Secretary shall 
     take such actions as may be necessary to ensure that minting 
     and issuing coins under this Act will not result in any net 
     cost to the United States Government.
       (b) Payment for Coins.--A coin shall not be issued under 
     this Act unless the Secretary has received--
       (1) full payment for the coin;
       (2) security satisfactory to the Secretary to indemnify the 
     United States for full payment; or
       (3) a guarantee of full payment satisfactory to the 
     Secretary from a depository institution whose deposits are 
     insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the 
     National Credit Union Administration Board.
                                 ______

      By Mr. BINGAMAN:
  S.J. Res. 214. A joint resolution designating August 9, 1994, as 
``Smokey Bear's 50th Anniversary''; to the Committee on the Judiciary.


                     smoky bear's 50th anniversary

 Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, for the past 50 years, visitors 
to our national forests have been educated on forest fire prevention 
and forest preservation by one of the most memorable public service 
symbols in our history: Smokey Bear. In 1944, the Forest Service 
introduced a bear as its campaign symbol and chief messenger to promote 
the prevention of accidental forest fires. This effort was based on the 
need to protect our forest resources during World War II, when wood 
products were greatly needed for battleships, gunstocks, and packing 
crates for military transport.
  This bear, created by the Forest Service and the War Advertising 
Council, was to be black or brown and his expression intelligent, 
appealing, and slightly quizzical. To look his part, he would wear a 
traditional campaign hat. In 1945, this appealing symbol was given the 
name ``Smokey Bear.'' The first poster produced for this effort carried 
the caption: ``Smokey says: Care will prevent nine out of ten forest 
fires.'' Smokey was a great advertising success and an important 
contributor to the decrease in human-caused forest fires.
  In 1950, Smokey Bear, the advertising campaign, became inextricably 
associated with a bear cub found clinging to a tree after a forest fire 
near Capitan, NM. This cub would become a real-life symbol of the 
effort to prevent fires such as the one in the Lincoln National Forest 
in which he was found. Many people mistakenly believe that this cub was 
the original Smokey Bear, but in reality he did not come along until 
the advertising symbol was almost 6 years old. The little cub who 
became known as Smokey Bear was nursed back to health and lived a long 
and happy life in the National Zoo here in Washington, as a living 
counterpart to the fire prevention symbol.
  Today, Smokey Bear continues to make an important contribution to 
fire prevention, and his role has evolved to face new challenges. In 
years past, it was a challenge for his message to reach traditional 
visitors to the forest. Now we are faced with getting his wildfire 
prevention message to an increasing number of people who live in or 
near forests, who may accidentally set fires dangerous to wildlands or 
who may find their lives and property threatened by wildland fires.
  Over the years, Smokey Bear has performed an important public service 
and become a much-loved American icon. It is appropriate that we honor 
his contribution to fire prevention and to the American cultural 
landscape. The resolution I am introducing today will designate August 
9, 1994, as ``Smokey Bear's 50th Anniversary'' and authorizes and 
requests the President to issue a proclamation calling upon the people 
of the United States to observe the day with appropriate ceremonies and 
activities.
  Mr. President, I urge my colleagues to cosponsor this joint 
resolution so that it may move quickly through the Senate, and I ask 
unanimous consent that the test of the joint resolution be printed in 
the Record.
  There being no objection, the joint resolution was ordered to be 
printed the Record, as follows:

                             S.J. Res. 214

       Whereas Smokey Bear has served the United States for 50 
     years, preventing wildfires and protecting the Nation's 
     forests above and beyond the call of duty;
       Whereas Smokey Bear has dedicated himself to educating 
     Americans of all ages and particularly America's youth, the 
     future guardians of our forests, about forest fire 
     prevention;
       Whereas the Forest Service of the United States Department 
     of Agriculture is committed to increasing public information 
     and awareness about wildfire prevention and forest 
     protection;
       Whereas the Forest Service of the United States Department 
     of Agriculture is devoted to changing the public's behavior 
     to prevent wildfires in an effort to maintain and protest our 
     Nation's precious resources; and
       Whereas the Forest Service of the United States Department 
     of Agriculture, the National Association of State Foresters, 
     and The Advertising Council have provided extraordinary 
     support and dedication to the purpose and efforts of Smokey 
     Bear: Now therefore, be it
       Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
     United States of America in Congress assembled, That August 
     9, 1994, is designated ``Smokey Bear's 50th Anniversary'', 
     and the President is authorized and requested to issue a 
     proclamation calling upon the people of the United States to 
     observe the day with appropriate ceremonies and 
     activities.

                         ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS


                                 S. 946

  At the request of Mr. Craig, his name was added as a cosponsor of S. 
946, a bill to reduce the legislative branch budget by 25 percent.


                                S. 1015

  At the request of Mr. Craig, his name was added as a cosponsor of S. 
1015, a bill to establish a 2-year moratorium on construction and 
leasing of space by the Federal Government, and for other purposes.


                                S. 1379

  At the request of Mr. Craig, his name was added as a cosponsor of S. 
1379, a bill to limit the continued availability of foreign assistance 
funds for obligation and expenditure.


                                S. 1516

  At the request of Mr. Craig, his name was added as a cosponsor of S. 
1516, a bill to limit the use of funds for deployment of the Armed 
Forces of the United States outside the United States under United 
Nations command.


                                S. 1533

  At the request of Mr. Craig, his name was added as a cosponsor of S. 
1533, a bill to improve access to health insurance and contain health 
care costs, and for other purposes.


                                S. 1598

  At the request of Mr. Craig, his name was added as a cosponsor of S. 
1598, a bill to amend title 10, United States Code, to modernize 
Department of Defense acquisition procedures, and for other purposes.


                                S. 1676

  At the request of Mr. Craig, his name was added as a cosponsor of S. 
1676, a bill to provide a fair, nonpolitical process that will achieve 
$65,000,000,000 in budget outlay reductions each fiscal year until a 
balanced budget is reached.


                                S. 1772

  At the request of Mr. Craig, his name was added as a cosponsor of S. 
1772, a bill to reduce Federal employment to the levels proposed in the 
Vice President's Report of the National Performance Review.


                                S. 1884

  At the request of Mr. Craig, his name was added as a cosponsor of S. 
1884, a bill to amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to reform 
asylum procedures, to strengthen criminal penalties for the smuggling 
of aliens, and to reform other procedures to control illegal 
immigration to the United States.


                                S. 1887

  At the request of Mr. Baucus, the names of the Senator from Missouri 
[Mr. Bond], the Senator from South Dakota [Mr. Daschle], and the 
Senator from Indiana [Mr. Lugar] were added as cosponsors of S. 1887, a 
bill to amend title 23, United States Code, to provide for the 
designation of the National Highway System, and for other purposes.


                                S. 2074

  At the request of Mr. McCain, the name of the Senator from Colorado 
[Mr. Campbell] was added as a cosponsor of S. 2074, a bill to increase 
the special assessment for felonies and improve the enforcement of 
sentences imposing criminal fines, and for other purposes.


                                S. 2178

  At the request of Mr. Daschle, the names of the Senator from Iowa 
[Mr. Harkin], and the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. Lautenberg] were 
added as cosponsors of S. 2178, a bill to provide a program of 
compensation and health research for illnesses arising from service in 
the Armed Forces during the Persian Gulf War.


                                S. 2183

  At the request of Mrs. Hutchison, the name of the Senator from 
Illinois [Ms. Moseley-Braun] was added as a cosponsor of S. 2183, a 
bill to require the Secretary of the Treasury to mint coins in 
commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the signing of the World War 
II peace accords on September 2, 1945.


                                S. 2215

  At the request of Mr. Lieberman, the name of the Senator from Indiana 
[Mr. Lugar] was added as a cosponsor of S. 2215, a bill to establish 
rules governing product liability actions against raw materials and 
bulk component suppliers to medical device manufacturers, and for other 
purposes.


                                S. 2286

  At the request of Mr. Lugar, the name of the Senator from Colorado 
[Mr. Campbell] was added as a cosponsor of S. 2286, a bill to amend 
title 23, United States Code, to provide for the use of certain highway 
funds for improvements to railway-highway crossings.


                                S. 2297

  At the request of Mr. Metzenbaum, the name of the Senator from 
Pennsylvania [Mr. Specter] was added as a cosponsor of S. 2297, a bill 
to facilitate obtaining foreign-located antitrust evidence by 
authorizing the Attorney General of the United States and the Federal 
Trade Commission to provide, in accordance with antitrust mutual 
assistance agreements, antitrust evidence to foreign antitrust 
authorities on a reciprocal basis; and for other purposes.


                      Senate Joint Resolution 165

  At the request of Mr. Cochran, the names of the Senator from South 
Dakota [Mr. Pressler], and the Senator from North Dakota [Mr. Conrad] 
were added as cosponsors of Senate Joint Resolution 165, a joint 
resolution to designate the month of September 1994 as ``National 
Sewing Month.''


                      Senate Joint Resolution 196

  At the request of Mr. Smith, the names of the Senator from Colorado 
[Mr. Campbell], the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. Helms], the 
Senator from Idaho [Mr. Craig], the Senator from Delaware [Mr. Biden], 
the Senator from Georgia [Mr. Nunn], the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. 
Lautenberg], and the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. Kerry] were added 
as cosponsors of Senate Joint Resolution 196, a joint resolution 
designating September 16, 1994, as ``National POW/MIA Recognition Day'' 
and authorizing display of the National League of Families POW/MIA 
flag.


                      Senate Joint Resolution 212

  At the request of Mr. Riegle, the names of the Senator from North 
Dakota [Mr. Conrad], the Senator from Missouri [Mr. Bond], and the 
Senator from West Virginia [Mr. Byrd] were added as cosponsors of 
Senate Joint Resolution 212, a joint resolution designating August 2, 
1994, as ``National Neighborhood Crime Watch Day.''


                         Senate Resolution 185

  At the request of Mr. D'Amato, the names of the Senator from Michigan 
[Mr. Riegle], and the Senator from Virginia [Mr. Warner] were added as 
cosponsors of Senate Resolution 185, a resolution to congratulate Phil 
Rizutto on his induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

                          ____________________