[Congressional Record Volume 140, Number 100 (Wednesday, July 27, 1994)]
[House]
[Page H]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]


[Congressional Record: July 27, 1994]
From the Congressional Record Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]

 
                CALIFORNIA DESERT PROTECTION ACT OF 1994

  The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Montgomery). Pursuant to House 
Resolution 422 and rule XXIII, the Chair declares the House in the 
Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union for further 
consideration of the bill, H.R. 518.

                              {time}  1031


                  in the committee of the whole house

  Accordingly, the House resolved itself into the Committee of the 
Whole House on the State of the Union for the further consideration of 
the bill (H.R. 518) to designate certain lands in the California desert 
as wilderness, to establish the Death Valley and Joshua Tree National 
Parks and the Mojave National Monument, and for other purposes, with 
Mr. Peterson of Florida in the Chair.
  The Clerk read the title of the bill.
  The CHAIRMAN. When the Committee of the Whole House rose on Thursday, 
July 14, 1994, the amendment offered by the gentleman from Louisiana 
[Mr. Tauzin] had been disposed of, and title VII was open to amendment 
at any point.
  Are there further amendments to title VII?


                    amendment offered by mr. calvert

  Mr. CALVERT. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment.
  The Clerk read as follows:

       Amendment offered by Mr. Calvert: At the end of the bill, 
     add the following new section:

     ``SEC. 703. EFFECTIVE DATE.

       ``This Act shall take effect when the National Park Service 
     has reduced the nation-wide backlog of land acquisition by 50 
     percent. The scope of the backlog shall be determined as of 
     the date of enactment of this Act, by the Director of the 
     Office of Management and Budget, and shall certify when the 
     backlog has been reduced by the requirements of this 
     section.''

  Mr. CALVERT. Mr. Chairman, this is a simple, yet very important 
amendment. Its purpose is straightforward--to require fiscal, as well 
as environmental responsibility.
  It requires the National Park Service to take care of existing 
obligations before Congress adds new ones.
  Our national park Service is in desperate need of funds.
  Here is what National Park Service Director Kennedy recently had to 
say about our national parks:

       The condition of the places is in many instances genuinely 
     desperate and disgusting. There are buildings that aren't 
     safe, buildings with asbestos in them, parks with hazardous 
     waste all over the place.

  These words--``desperate,'' ``disgusting,'' ``hazardous,'' and ``not 
safe'' are his, not mine.
  Virtually everywhere you look in our national parks, you can see 
deteriorated or inadequate facilities and inadequate personnel to 
provide basic information or respond to emergencies.
  Nationwide, the National Park Service is facing a shortfall of $5.6 
billion for construction, several billion for land acquisition and $400 
million in annual operating costs--as is shown on this chart.
  This translates to a 37-year backlog in funding for construction and 
a 25-year backlog in land acquisition, if we assume no inflation and no 
decreases in funding.
  And, the fact is that funds are getting more and more scarce for our 
existing parks. The House-passed appropriation bill for fiscal year 
1995 provides for a cut of 15 percent in construction over the previous 
year, an 8-percent cut in land acquisition over the previous year, and 
an operational increase less than the amount of inflation.
  In short, the shortfall is likely to get worse, rather than better.
  A recent nationwide survey of park superintendents identified their 
No. 1 problem as inadequate funds. The number two problem was 
inadequate staff.
  Despite this crisis, Secretary Babbitt has ordered the National Park 
Service to cut more than 1,300 full-time positions or about 7 percent 
of their work force over 3 years.
  Mr. Chairman, it does not take a mathematician or an economist to 
understand that this legislation, the California Desert Protection Act, 
will put the Park Service in worse financial condition than it is now.
  According to the Congressional Budget Office, the cost of 
implementing this bill will be $336 million, and according to the 
Department of the Interior, it will require 100 additional employees to 
manage 3 million acres of new National Park Service lands.
  And, where will the money and personnel come from? There's only one 
place they can come from--parks which are already underfunded and 
understaffed--parks in the districts of virtually every 
Member of this body.
  Funding the Desert Protection Act before clearing the backlog of Park 
Service repairs and acquisitions makes about as much sense as a family 
which owns a home with a leaky roof, worn-out furnace and broken water 
heater borrowing money to add a swimming pool. It is completely 
illogical.
  Mr. Chairman, my amendment does not prohibit our Government from 
taking steps to protect the California desert. What it does do is 
require the Government to fulfill its current commitments--to remove 
the asbestos; to repair dangerous facilities and to fix up disgusting 
buildings. It requires us to make our present park inventory more 
available to the American people before adding additional acres.
  The amendment simply requires the U.S. Park Service to reduce the 
nationwide backlog of land acquisition, construction and operation by 
50 percent, before this bill--H.R. 518--can take effect.
  We are telling the family with the leaky roof, blown-out water 
heater, and broken furnace that they have to take care of those 
essentials before we will give them money to build that swimming pool.
  We are telling the Park Service that we want them to take care of 
what they already have before we burden them with even more.
  Mr. Chairman, this is a commonsense amendment, and I urge a ``yes'' 
vote.
  Mr. McKEON. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the amendment offered 
by the gentleman from California [Mr. Calvert].
  Mr. Chairman, Congress has regularly increased the National Park 
Service's maintenance budget but continues to face a huge backlog of 
repairs. In the State of California alone, repairs are estimated to 
cost over $2 billion. By creating three new parks, one of the results 
of the bill before us today would be to divert limited funds from such 
California parks as Yosemite and Sequoia, as well as other parks like 
Yellowstone, Bryce Canyon, and the Grand Canyon. Opponents of the 
Calvert amendment will state that figures cited for maintenance 
projects are inflated because they represent a wish list of park 
directors rather than a reasonable attempt to address maintenance 
priorities. While to a limited extent this may be true, the fact 
remains that necessary improvements at our national parks will be 
sacrificed by adding expansive desert lands to the national park 
system. I urge adoption of the Calvert proposal as a means of 
addressing this critical issue.
  Mr. VENTO. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to the amendment 
offered by the gentleman from California [Mr. Calvert].
  Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong opposition to this amendment. Just 
listening to the principal proponent of it, he says we have a 37-year 
backlog in terms of the National Park Service in terms of land and 
other types of backlogs that are identified, that he tried to identify. 
Using that, Mr. Chairman, that would mean that, if we wanted to take 50 
percent of that without inflation to the other factors according to the 
proponent, it would be the year 2014, or about 20 years, before we 
could, in fact, designate these parks in California that they would be 
operative. The expansion we are talking about is substantial expansion 
to the parks here.

                              {time}  1040

  So I do not think this is really a serious amendment in terms of what 
its impact is. It would simply pull the rug out from under the idea of 
having any new park or the new park in California, or the expansion 
that is so justified and wanted by the people of California and this 
Nation, and a longtime goal of the National Park Service to provide the 
Mojave type in the national park system.
  This is an effort to change the argument in terms of the needs. This 
is part of the legacy of tomorrow.
  They talk about what we are doing in terms of restoring the Golden 
State and some of the gold. The gold there was not from the forty-
niners. It is in the natural resources that are there and available to 
the people, and it is something that is really of national interest.
  Most of these lands, incidentally, are going to remain in the public 
domain or are in the public domain. These are BLM lands. These are 
public lands, and it is a question of whether we can have the highest 
and best use. Do we want to make these lands open to the 1872 mining 
laws so we can give away more mining claims and patents? That is the 
effect of not permitting this particular designation and these 
activities to go forward. By the year 2014, there would be nothing 
left; it would be ruined, based on the past mining policies and their 
effect that has occurred historically.
  So this is an effort really to mask as a friend of the Park Service. 
With friends like this, no wonder the Park Service has a backlog.
  The truth is that that backlog could grow, simply based on inflation, 
and that is precisely what has happened during the 1980's, because land 
prices, where we had responsibilities to purchase land, have gone up, 
because the wish list of those in the Park Service, the superintendents 
from parks who have no legislative limitations, has significantly 
grown.
  Are there some serious problems at Isle Royale? Yes, there are dock 
problems there, and there are other issues. The fact is that the Park 
Service through various trust funds and other types of programs has 
been shortchanged. The arguments of the gentleman and others would be 
much more convincing if they had come to the floor and been advocates 
for the Park Service in the sense of trying to represent and fight for 
the needs of the Park Service, along with others of us who are 
concerned about the park's future.
  So I think this amendment deserves richly to be defeated. As to the 
value of the assets and the administration handing this over to the 
Office of Management and Budget to run the Park Service, in essence to 
make the decisions that Congress should make, to designate or not 
designate, to put that type of trip wire in is to trip up the whole 
process of park designation, and I think this amendment, masking as a 
friend of the park, is a policy that does not work.
  The Members who are advocating and supporting this amendment in 
essence in my judgment do not want to designate these parks. They do 
not support the designation of these parks. So the suggestion that 
somehow we have to have this type of limitation in here, I think, is 
disingenuous to say the least.
  As to the OMB, there simply is no target. The gentleman from 
California [Mr. Lewis] and others--Mr. Lewis has not spoken yet, but I 
suppose he will--say there is a $9 billion to $11 billion park backlog. 
This amendment proponent suggest that there is a $7 billion to $9 
billion park backlog. Is it $9 to $11, and this has $7 to $9? The Park 
Service calculates the backlog as $4.5 billion. The backlog is a moving 
target. So even if we wanted to use that particular logic, we certainly 
would have to understand the limitations and inappropriateness of such 
threshold.
  The important point is that we, the Congress, should make the 
decision, make it ourselves and not pass it over to OMB or some 
bureaucrat to make the decision about whether or not we are going to 
have a Mojave Desert Park, whether we are going to substantially expand 
Death Valley, and whether we are going to add to Joshua Tree.
  Mr. Chairman, this amendment should be defeated.


            modification of amendment offered by mr. calvert

  The CHAIRMAN. The Chair understands that the gentleman from 
California [Mr. Calvert] wished to offer a modification.
  Mr. CALVERT. Mr. Chairman, I do offer the modification, and I ask 
unanimous consent for its adoption.
  The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the modification.
  The Clerk read as follows:

       Modification of amendment offered by Mr. Calvert: After the 
     phrase, ``land acquisition,'' insert ``, construction and 
     park operations''.

  The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the modification is agreed to.
  There was no objection.
  The text of the amendment, as modified, offered by the gentleman from 
California [Mr. Calvert] is as follows:

       At the end of the bill, add the following new section:

     ``SEC. 703. EFFECTIVE DATE.

       This Act shall take effect when the National Park Service 
     has reduced the nationwide backlog of land acquisition, 
     construction and park operations by 50 percent. The scope of 
     the backlog shall be determined as of the date of enactment 
     of this Act, by the Director of the Office of Management and 
     Budget, and shall certify when the backlog has been reduced 
     by the requirements of this section.''

  Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the 
amendment.
  Mr. Chairman, I rise with no small amount of consternation after 
listening to the presentation by my colleagues, the gentleman from 
Minnesota [Mr. Vento], the chairman of the subcommittee that would deal 
with these public lands or has the responsibility for them.
  I must say to suggest that one way or another this amendment would 
indicate a total lack of support for parks in this region is not a 
reflection of the debate that has gone before us over these past 
several weeks.
  The reality is that the Park Service is in serious trouble at this 
moment. There is little doubt that the Members of the House understand 
that one way or another this committee, including the subcommittee 
chairman, has gotten out of touch with the real world as it relates to 
what we can actually afford with the Park System. There is a 
significant backlog reflected here in California parks and reflected 
throughout the country as well. The Park Service by way of this 
committee has been saddled with a log of long-term intent, very 
ambitious expansion objectives in terms of the Park System, with very 
little idea of how we are going to pay for it over a period of time.
  In our State alone, Yosemite National Park has an annual operating 
shortfall of $9.4 million, a construction and land acquisition 
shortfall of $394 million. The Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park has 
almost a million dollars of annual backlog, and $200 million of 
construction. It goes on and on and on.
  In the very area that we are talking about here, with one of the 
national monuments, the Death Valley National Monument, we are kind of 
in the midst of trying to complete a record-breaking period of 
temperatures in excess of 120 degrees at that national monument, and we 
have Park Service people living in metal crates essentially because of 
a lack of capability to fund adequate housing for those members of the 
Park Service.
  It is very critical for us to recognize that first and foremost we 
have a responsibility to the existing Park Service. Members across the 
country recognize that their parks are not receiving the kind of 
service that they need to in turn adequately service the public.
  Then let us speak to this bill specifically as it relates to this 
amendment. This amendment simply would say, until such time as the Park 
Service brings down there backlog in terms of property that they need 
to purchase, that in turn there would not be an implementation of this 
specific legislation.
  What does that actually mean? Well, presently the two major areas 
that would be reflected by this bill in terms of any significant policy 
change are the Joshua Tree National Monument, which is supposed to 
become a park and to expand somewhat significantly, and the Death 
Valley National Monument, which would become a park. Both of those 
monuments are currently operated by the Park Service. They have been 
handled by that service over a sizable number of years, and in spite of 
their shortfall, still there are people in the public worried about 
parks and lands who believe they are of a quality that they should 
become parks.
  It seems to me that somehow, some way, in spite of that shortfall, 
the Park Service has done a pretty adequate job handling and monument 
per se. This amendment would suggest that the monuments continue in 
that patterns without the additional expenditures that are necessary 
for making them parks. You have to increase the number of personnel 
significantly to make that transition to parks. Yet there is absolutely 
no mechanism, no suggestions as to how this committee would find those 
added expenses, to say the least. If there is a shortfall, there is a 
shortfall of reality here.
  This bill in its present form, does not create a third park, which is 
the wish list of this committee. It creates a preserve in the East 
Mojave, recognizing the horrendous multiple kinds of uses that 
absolutely belie the suggestion that there should be a park in the 
region. There are thousands of miles of roadways, there are endless 
high power lines, and multiple use that involves very important 
minerals and mining, which is critical to the national interest.

                              {time}  1050

  The House has recognized that multiple use is logical for the East 
Mojave, so there is not a question there. So really what this bill 
would do, this amendment would do, is say in the two areas where 
transition of significance would take place, where we are talking about 
making a monument, a couple of monument parks, there is added expense. 
Let us delay that expense.
  The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from California [Mr. Lewis] 
has expired.
  Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to 
proceed for 2 additional minutes.
  The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from 
California?
  Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chairman, it is the intention of this 
gentleman to object to extensions of time on both sides of the aisle so 
we can move along with the legislation. I do object.
  The CHAIRMAN. Objection has been heard.
  Mr. PACKARD. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of 
words.
  Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?
  Mr. PACKARD. I yield to the gentleman from California.
  Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Chairman, I must say I certainly hope 
the chairman's action this early in this discussion today is not an 
indication of his intention to return to a pattern of essentially 
rolling over the people who are elected to represent the desert. We do 
not expect to spend extensive time today. But if this is going to be 
the pattern of the chairman, we may spend a great deal more time than I 
had intended, at least. To suggest they are not issues that are 
important to discuss here, Members across the country should take a 
look at their own States and districts, at the backlog that is there.
  Secretary Babbitt, in the hearing on the Senate side, suggested that 
where we had inholdings that might not have money available for them in 
terms of priority for the Park Service, Secretary Babbitt said, ``They 
can keep their property forever, as far as I am concerned.'' This is 
essentially a statement inside a national park, caring less about the 
kinds of property rights that were reflected in an overwhelming vote of 
concern just last week when we were discussing this bill.
  Indeed, there is little doubt there is a major problem here. This 
amendment attempts to address the problem in a very responsible way, 
and I urge the Members to look at their own States and districts as 
they consider their vote on this amendment.
  Mr. PACKARD. Mr. Chairman, reclaiming my time, I rise in strong 
support of the amendment to H.R. 518 of the gentleman from California 
[Mr. Calvert], the California Desert Protection Act. This amendment 
adds a level of credibility to an ill-conceived piece of legislation 
which threatens National Park Service operations throughout this 
country. As originally fashioned, the California Desert Protection Act 
would create three new national parks in a system which is having 
trouble sustaining the current operations.
  The National Park Service's own estimates show shortfalls of up to $9 
billion. The 367 existing units of the National Park System already 
contend with deteriorating facilities for visitors, poor roads, and 
personnel shortages.
  The Calvert amendment takes a commonsense approach to solving this 
problem by delaying the implementation of H.R. 518 until existing 
National Park Service backlog on construction, land acquisition, and 
operations is reduced by 50 percent.
  Members from Utah, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Virginia, Arizona, 
Florida, New York, anywhere where there is a national park in your area 
or State, you will be called upon to take less money in an already 
short budget to operate your national park if these three national 
parks become a reality. This amendment will help to ensure that less 
money will be siphoned away from existing parks to create these three 
new national parks.
  Secretary Babbitt, who came before my subcommittee on appropriations, 
stated over and over again that no new money will be provided for new 
parks. Instead, these new parks will be absorbed into the Service's 
already overburdened budget. That means that every national park in 
your area will have to help sustain these three new parks by taking 
less money.
  As a Member serving on the appropriations subcommittee charged with 
funding the National Park Service, I am acutely aware of the current 
fiscal crisis facing the National Park Service during the 1994 fiscal 
budget year appropriations hearings. Park Service officials lamented 
the fact that there already exists a backlog of $2.1 billion in 
National Park Service construction for Park Service projects already 
approved that are still waiting for the funds to get started. Those 
projects will be further delayed if this bill becomes enacted without 
the Calvert amendment.
  Member after Member came to our subcommittee and testified about the 
insufficient staffing and employee housing, poor roads, and 
deteriorating recreational facilities.
  I ask my colleagues to consider the parks in their area. How much 
further down the list will it fall for construction and maintenance 
moneys when the Park Service is saddled with the burden of sustaining 
three new parks? These problems are certain to get worse in four 
district and in your parks. Without passage of the Calvert amendment, 
the park in your area will receive less money this year, next year, and 
every year after that.
  Mr. Chairman, I hope my colleagues will keep in mind that the 
consequences of the California Desert Protection Act are not limited to 
California's alone. They reach into every one of your districts and 
your national parks across the country. I urge Members to support the 
Calvert amendment.
  Mr. McCANDLESS. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number 
of words.
  Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong support of the Calvert amendment.
  Mr. Chairman, the reality of where we stand with our National Park 
System is painfully clear. Everyone is aware by now, or should be, of 
the major problems that are inherent in the system, in parks all across 
the country. Simply put, we are not able to take proper care of our 
existing park units, and as it stands now, we are unlikely to, given 
the staggering and well-documented backlogs in land acquisition and 
construction and maintenance. If we can't bring ourselves to exercise 
some restraint, as this amendment would, then the future of our 
National Park System, in both the short and long term, is exceedingly 
grim.
  I would urge my colleagues to examine the logic of the Chicken 
Littles who call this amendment a bill killer. Look at what is 
happening in all our other parks; look at the facts as they relate to 
the lack of available moneys and staff. Forget about killing a bill; 
without this amendment, we are going to kill the desert that supporters 
of H.R. 518 claim to love so much. Look at it this way: Right now, the 
people who live in or visit the desert regularly do so because they 
love and appreciate its special brand of beauty. It is not for 
everyone, as these folks will tell you, but the rock climbers, hikers, 
birdwatchers, photographers, rockhounds, and others each find what they 
need in the unique stillness of the desert. These people understand the 
desert, and know that it is not a playground to be taken lightly. For 
these kinds of outdoor aficionados, the lack of infrastructure, 
rangers, or other staff, whether they are Park Service or BLM, is less 
of an issue, for the simple reason that they understand and respect the 
desert.
  Now, let us assume that Congress in its infinite wisdom goes ahead 
and creates these new national parks. Now you have big signs on 
Interstate 10 and I-95 advertising these great new parks, and the 
tourists come rolling in by the station wagon full. Now these people 
for the most part have never experienced the desert, but because it is 
a national park they have certain preexisting expectations. Lodging, 
parking, sanitary and water facilities, campgrounds, interpretational 
kiosks, nature walks, snack bars, and the whole nine yards.
  Will such amenities be available? Not likely, given the lack of the 
most basic resources and services at well-established and heavily 
visited parks like Yosemite and Yelowstone.
  Now, the dissatisfied tourists notwithstanding, what will be the 
effect on the fragile desert ecosystem when millions of visitors come 
streaming through it with little to no direction as to how to 
appreciate it or conduct themselves in it?
  I'm sorry, but that dog won't hunt. Without the Calvert amendment, 
whatever parks that will be created by this act are doomed from the 
start. Further, without the restraint of this amendment, we are turning 
our backs on the problems of existing parks. How can I say this? Don't 
take my word for it, just read the papers.
  We are loving our Park System to death, plain and simple. This June 2 
article from the San Francisco Chronicle tells us that in Yosemite, 
traffic jams, overcrowding, and enforcement of crimes such as rape and 
assault have taken the spotlight from Half Dome. This park covers 
nearly 1,200 square miles, and has only 100 rangers to patrol it. That 
number will be reduced with additional cutbacks to be phased in over 
the next 5 years.
  In the July issue of Outside magazine, the summer travel advisory 
lists the 16 most dangerous national parks in America. Unhappily, 
listed among these is the California Desert Conservation District, the 
area addressed by this bill, which features among other things 
practicing satanists, militant white supremacists, and heavily armed 
drug laboratories. And finally, the August 1 issue of Newsweek carries 
a very interesting article about how our natural resources, including 
parks and national forests, have been brought to the breaking point by 
overuse. Tourism is killing places like the Grand Canyon, and Moab, UT, 
because we lack the resources to manage them properly, I would ask that 
these three articles I have mentioned be added to the Record at the 
appropriate point.
  I cannot stress this enough: Without the Calvert amendment, three 
things are guaranteed to happen:
  First, our existing park facilities will continue to deteriorate due 
to overuse and lack of resources.
  Second, the very deserts the supporters of this odious bill claim to 
know so well and care so much about will be thrown into this very same 
pot, without proper funding or supervision, where they too will suffer 
the same abuses due to our neglect.
  Third, existing park facilities in every State will have their 
already strapped budgets hit up yet again to try and pay for the new 
California park facilities.
  That is the bottom line. So there you have it. Worsening mediocrity 
is the best your constituents can expect from the National Park System 
this summer, or this Labor Day weekend, unless we make a stand right 
here to change how we operate. Again, you don't need to take my word 
for it. Your constituents will tell you all about it when you get back 
from the August recess.
  Please support the Calvert amendment.
  Mr. Chairman, I include for the Record the newspaper articles 
referred to.

            [From the San Francisco Chronicle, June 2, 1994]

Crime Surge Worries Yosemite Rangers--Park's Law Enforcement Personnel 
   Cut Way Back as Number of Visitors Swell to New Records Each Year

                          (By Michael McCabe)

       Yosemite National Park.--Three park ranger police cars 
     converged quietly on the crowded campground in the Yosemite 
     Valley over the Memorial Day weekend looking for the 
     occupants of a blue Toyota pickup. A 9 year-old girl with 
     sharp eyes was waiting to assist them.
       ``You're looking for two white males, one with red hair, 
     the other with brown hair and no shirt on,'' she said to the 
     first range out of the car. ``The red-haired one went that 
     way on a bike, and the other one ran over that way.''
       Within minutes the rangers, each wearing a bulletproof 
     vest, had two men in handcuffs, a bag of marijuana and a 
     collection of little spoons that they suspected to be 
     connected to cocaine use. Their witness, the little girl, 
     stood by taking pictures with her disposable camera.
       It was another beautiful day in Yosemite National Park Half 
     Dome looking down benevolently from on high, dogwood trees in 
     full blossom, laughing families in rubber rafts drifting down 
     the high Merced River--while other tourists cranked up for an 
     evening of drinking and brawling, some of them hell-bent on 
     crime.
       On the eve of another summertime deluge of visitors to the 
     park, officials say crime and related urban problems are 
     increasingly intruding onto one of the world's great natural 
     wonders, a place that is supposed to be a refuge from all 
     that.
       With park attendance already up 14 percent over the last 
     year at this time, park officials expect another record year, 
     with more than 4 million visitors. Yet the ranger force is 
     stretched thinner than ever, with just eight law enforcement 
     rangers on duty in the valley at any one time to serve a 
     highly diverse, not always tranquil, population of as many as 
     50,000 or a busy weekend day.
       Twenty years ago, Yosemite had 220 men and women providing 
     resource and visitor protection for the park, which covers 
     nearly 1,200 square miles. Last year that figure dropped to 
     112 and this year it is down to about 100.
       ``Twenty years ago we had up to 28 rangers on a night 
     shift, a time when we had 1.5 million fewer visitors,'' said 
     park superintendent Mike Finley, who will take over as 
     superintendent of Yellowstone National Park this fall. ``We 
     used to have rangers walk through campgrounds, which kept the 
     noise level down. We don't have people to do that anymore. 
     That personal relationship between our law enforcement 
     rangers and the public is being lost. The bad guys may be 
     gaining the upper hand.''
       While the rangers see their budget cut to the bone, they 
     also are seeing the nature of their jobs changing 
     dramatically, from that of a naturalist with the friendly 
     Smokey Bear hat talking about wildflowers and birds to that 
     of a fully armed, flak-jacketed police officer talking to 
     suspects about their right to remain silent.


                           gangs and graffiti

       Increasingly they are concerned not only with drugs and 
     alcohol, but also gangs, graffiti, racial strife, rape, even 
     child sexual abuse.
       Last week, a park rest room was trashed and graffiti 
     scribbled on virtually every available surface; rangers 
     suspect it was gang-related. Last summer, 350 Russian 
     Americans from the Bay Area were escorted out of the park 
     after the group had a near-violent confrontation with another 
     group of campers who traced their roots to a Baltic country. 
     Also last summer, rangers broke up a tense standoff between a 
     group of Latino campers from Los Angeles and a group of 
     blacks from Oakland.
       Most visitors are aware of the hiking trails, the 
     campgrounds, the shops, the restaurants and bars in the park, 
     but few are aware of the rest: a fire department, a medical 
     clinic, a federal court, a jail (there were 715 arrests last 
     year, nearly twice as many as 1989), even a morgue (there 
     were 21 deaths in 1993, compared with 13 in 1989).
       Surprisingly, one of the biggest headaches for rangers 
     turns out to be the park's employees, specifically employees 
     of the concessions. For years, the Yosemite Park & Curry Co. 
     operated the concessions, but last year they were taken over 
     by Yosemite Concession Services Corp., which has 2,100 
     employees during the summer.
       Concession employees, who live three to a tent in rundown 
     residential areas in Yosemite Valley that some consider 
     little better than slums, account for 40 percent of the 
     ranger arrests. Investigators yesterday were still 
     questioning a suspect involved in a reported date rape that 
     was said to have occurred in one of the concession employee's 
     camps last weekend.


                           background checks

       The concession company has recently started doing 
     background checks and drug testing on prospective employees, 
     but rangers say the workers are often on the job for a week 
     or two before the results of the investigation catches up 
     with them. By that time, they may well have already gotten 
     into trouble with the law.
       Contrary to pleasant notions that the great outdoors, like 
     music, soothes the savage beast, for many it has the opposite 
     effect, because of ``the middle-of-nowhere syndrome,'' said 
     Paul Berkowitz, senior special agent for the National Park 
     Service in Washington, D.C., and formerly a ranger at 
     Yosemite National Park.
       ``First, there are the people who are so native that they 
     think everyone who comes to the park must be good people,'' 
     Berkowitz said. ``They turn out to be the perfect victims. 
     Then there are the people who come to the parks determined to 
     have a good time no matter what, with the help of alcohol and 
     drugs. They believe they are in the middle of nowhere and 
     there are no rules. They turn on the first group.
       ``And there's also a third group of hardened criminals, who 
     prey on the rest. These are the car burglars, thieves and 
     pedophiles. They are all there in the beautiful confines of 
     Yosemite.''
       The cutbacks in the federal budget are part of the problem, 
     the rangers say. Yosemite's budget this year is $15.8 
     million, up $2 million from five years ago, when there were 
     fewer visitors and more rangers. The park charges admission, 
     $5 a car, and there is a fee for camping. Last year, Yosemite 
     took in $5.4 million in fees and sent it all to the federal 
     treasury--but got back only $920,000 as part of its budget. 
     The rest went to other parks.


                           Beer and Marijuana

       At 11 p.m. Sunday, Ranger Brian Smith, who also is a 
     criminal investigator, pulled over a beat-up Mazda that had a 
     taillight out and was veering over the yellow center line. 
     Smith and fellow ranger Keith McAuliffe were not surprised 
     when they discovered a bag of marijuana and an open can of 
     beer in the car. The driver was well-known to the rangers, 
     who believe that he is one of the many homeless who reside in 
     the park during summer months.
       ``If we stopped everyone on the road at this time of night, 
     one out of every two would have some dope in the car,'' 
     McAuliffe said. ``And it's not just marijuana anymore. We're 
     seeing more and more methamphetamines (speed) and crack 
     cocaine.''
       Several rangers privately expressed the fear that if 
     something is not done soon--either an increase in the budget 
     to hire more rangers or a reduction in the evergrowing 
     numbers of visitors--their jobs will become more frustrating, 
     more crime-dominated, more dangerous.
       Finley would like to see more restrictions on visitors, 
     although he acknowledges the problems that would entail. Just 
     outside of the park are thousands of small businesses that 
     rely on the tourist dollar for survival. When Finley closed 
     the entire park briefly during the 1993 Memorial Day weekend 
     because of gridlocked traffic, he took considerable heat from 
     the surrounding business community.
       ``We need to control visitor use in some way,'' Finley 
     said. ``Day-use reservations may be one way. A transit system 
     using buses with reservations may be another. We need to 
     control when people enter the park and how they enter. But it 
     takes big bucks and careful planning to make sure you 
     allocate the park's resources fairly and equitably.''
       Shortly after noon on Memorial Day, Ranger John Roth walked 
     up to a group of teenage boys who were jumping off of 
     Stoneman Bridge into the Merced River. During the night, the 
     bridge is often used as drug exchange. During the heat of the 
     day, Roth said, there is not enough manpower to keep the kids 
     from jumping into the cool waters below. Every summer, the 
     park counts a few more jumpers permanently injured with 
     broken necks.
       ``People come here year after year for the sole purpose of 
     jumping off this bridge,'' Roth said. ``They get very upset 
     at us for prohibiting that. I try to tell them this is not 
     Disneyland or Raging Waters.
       ``I also try to tell people that they cannot assume 
     Yosemite is a nice, safe place. It would be wonderful to say 
     we can provide people with a safe, criminal-free atmosphere, 
     but we can't provide that. I don't know if we ever can.''
       In the campgrounds, more and more people arrive. Barbecue 
     fires are lit. Beers opened. The laughter of summer in 
     Yosemite begins again.
                                  ____


                     [From Newsweek, Aug. 1, 1994]

                            No Room, No Rest

                   (By Jerry Adler and Daniel Glick)

       In the summer of 1869, long before the inventions of Gore-
     Tex parkas and Kevlar kayaks, the great explorer John Wesley 
     Powell led an expedition of 10 men in four boats down the 
     Green River, through the red-rock canyons of what is now 
     southeastern Utah. It was unlike any place he had ever seen 
     before: ``a strange, weird, grand region,'' he wrote; ``the 
     landscape everywhere is of rock . . . no vegetation; no sand; 
     no soil.'' It has taken more than a century, but the American 
     economy in its infinite adaptability has finally figured out 
     a use for all that rock. The smooth, table-flat buttes turn 
     out to be the perfect--in fact, almost the only--place on 
     earth for in-line mountain skating.
       Americans, having conquered a continent in the name of 
     Manifest Destiny, are doing it again, this time for fun. They 
     are creating a new landscape for the post-service economy of 
     the future, in which the major industries will be recreation, 
     self-actualization and tourism. But--just like mining and 
     logging--that takes resources, and our reserves of wilderness 
     are being drawn down by the millions seeking a part of it. 
     When rafters, anglers, kayakers and jet-boaters all seek to 
     use the same river, someone must apportion it among them. 
     God-given wilderness will be rationed out, a campsite at a 
     time, by a burgeoning bureaucracy. It will still be possible 
     to see a grizzly bear in the wild; you'll just have to stand 
     in line to do it.
       A love of wilderness is said to be deeply ingrained in the 
     American psyche, although the popularity of bus, car and 
     airplane rides to the Grand Canyon suggests that what most 
     people really want is more accurately described as 
     ``scenery.'' In principle, there's plenty of that to go 
     around, although even the Grand Canyon may be reaching its 
     carrying capacity. Twice as many people visited the park last 
     year (nearly 5 million) as a decade ago, and some of them, 
     sitting on the wrong side of packed tour buses, hardly saw 
     anything.
       But a comparable explosion of use has also occurred in the 
     backcountry, the remote reaches traditionally inhabited only 
     by bears, black flies and backpackers of an esthetic 
     sensibility so refined that their wilderness experience could 
     be irrevocably impaired by the sight of a discarded tea bag. 
     In just the last four years the number of backcountry camping 
     permits issued by the National Park Service has increased 50 
     percent, to 2.4 million. ``We are in a combat management 
     situation,'' says Mark Hilliard, national ``watchable 
     wildlife coordinator'' for the federal Bureau of Land 
     Management, which administers more than three times more land 
     than all the national parks combined.


                            related problems

       Hilliard and his counterparts in the National Park Service 
     and the U.S. Forest Service confront two distinct, but 
     related, problems: damage to land, water and wildlife, and 
     the depressing psychological effect on visitors of viewing 
     the wilderness as part of a mob. Environmentalists like to 
     point out that recreation is a nonexclusive use of 
     wilderness, as compared with development. Many people can see 
     the same tree, but it can be cut down only once. On the other 
     hand, the experience of looking at it begins to deteriorate 
     when another backpacker's underwear is drying on its 
     branches. And a tree that has been killed by Sierra Club 
     members tramping over its roots is just as dead as one that 
     met its fate by chainsaw. ``Five years ago we were saying 
     that tourism would help us save wilderness,'' says Del Smith, 
     director of education for the National Outdoor Leadership 
     School. ``Today we're not so sure.''
       No place is safe from the voracity of America's leisure 
     class. A backpacker who makes a spur-of-the-moment decision 
     to hike in California's John Muir Wilderness has to start his 
     trip by camping outside the ranger station all night to be in 
     line for one of a handful of same-day permits (most are given 
     out by mail months in advance). During the run of king salmon 
     on Alaska's Kenai River, ``if you have four feet between two 
     fishermen, there's room for two more,'' says Anchorage 
     resident Steven Nelson, who describes this as ``combat 
     fishing.'' The 1964 Wilderness Act made ``an outstanding 
     opportunity of solitude'' an officially sanctioned federal 
     goal. But, says Kevin Proescholdt, of an environmental group 
     called Friends of the Boundary Waters, the most popular lakes 
     in the million-acre Boundary Waters Canoe area of northern 
     Minnesota resemble Walden Pond less than a summer camp in the 
     Poconos, with a steady stream of paddlers never out of sight 
     of one another and frequent waits at portages. ``It's hard to 
     have an `outstanding opportunity of solitude' when you're 
     racing another party for the last campsite on the lake,'' 
     Proescholdt says.
       It is not just overpopulation that threatens the 
     backcountry, but a proliferation of new technologies that 
     have turned it into one vast, gravity-powered thrill ride. 
     Just 20 years ago rock-climbing was an esoteric hobby for 
     daredevils, while the notion of wrecking a perfectly good 
     bicycle on a mountain trail would have been viewed as insane. 
     Now both are sports pursued by millions. aluminum-hulled 
     ``jet boats'' can take 40 people at a time down the rapids of 
     the Snake River on the Idaho-Oregon border and also back up 
     the rapids, filling Hell's Canyon with a roar you can hear 
     for miles. This has given rise to a classic environmental 
     conflict between those who prize the canyon precisely for its 
     remoteness and the much larger number who want to see it in a 
     day and get back to their motor homes in time for 
     ``Jeopardy.'' Each side claimed to be fighting not just for 
     its own interests, but for the sanctity of the environment. 
     The rafters played the trump card of environmental debate, 
     asserting that jet boats disrupt the spawning salmon; the 
     jet-boat guides cleverly retorted that by taking people up 
     and down the river in a day, they eliminate the need to camp 
     along the banks. Last month the Forest Service in its 
     Solomon-like wisdom split the river, prohibiting jet boats 
     along a 21-mile stretch on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays. 
     The rafters, if not the salmon, can time their excursions 
     accordingly.
       More and more, the wilderness seems to lend itself to 
     pursuits once confined to Grosse Pointe or Malibu: long-
     distance desert golf; surfing in the standing waves at the 
     bottoms of river rapids; in-line skating on desert trails. Ed 
     Cannady, a Forest Service ranger in Idaho, lives in dread 
     that someone will figure out how to use in-line skates on the 
     mountain trails in his region. And that's not even his 
     biggest fear; even worse, he thinks, is the possibility of 
     hikers equipped with Soviet Army surplus night-vision 
     goggles, stumbling around in the dark looking for bears.


                              ``fun hogs''

       Moab, Utah, is a good place to study this process of 
     disillusionment. ``The big [environmental] issue here isn't 
     mining or grazing anymore,'' according to Grand County 
     Councilman Bill Hedden. ``It's industrial-strength tourism.'' 
     By the hundreds of thousands every winter and spring, ``fun 
     hogs,'' as they are sometimes called in the West, descend on 
     the surrounding countryside, gaping at the arches and towers 
     of red sandstone, scrunching the desert beneath the fat tires 
     of their mountain bikes. Around 300 people road the famous 
     Slickrock Trail a decade ago; last year there were 90,000. In 
     the wake of the bikes come ponderous four-wheel-drive trucks 
     loaded with the tents, coolers, portable showers and lounge 
     chairs the riders require at sunset. The rocks themselves are 
     rugged. But what Powell couldn't see from the river is the 
     thin layer of soil overlying the rock, glued in place by a 
     black crust of microorganisms that can be dislodged by a 
     single bootprint. Canyonlands National Park superintendent 
     Walt Dabney laments that ``we truly have the ability to turn 
     this place into nothing but rocks and dirt.''
       And bikers are only one segment of an industry that 
     includes hikers, nature-study groups, ``off-road'' vehicles 
     (motorcycles and 4X4s), ``all-terrain'' vehicles (three-
     wheeled buggies), horse outfitters and companies that carry 
     disabled people into the wilderness. Their impact would be 
     substantial even if they all behaved responsibly, which of 
     course they don't. In April 1993, when college and high-
     school breaks coincided with the annual Jeep Safari, 
     thousands of nature lovers descended on the Moab region. In 
     their enthusiasm for the wilderness, they got drunk, started 
     fights and began uprooting trees for their campfires, 
     resulting in a riot that took every law-enforcement officer 
     in Grand County to quell.
       The BLM's response was to slap emergency closures on some 
     of the affected trails and campsites. Some people approved, 
     but to others, especially those who sold trips to the area, 
     if you stacked that decision up against communism you could 
     hardly tell them apart. A proposed backcountry management 
     plan for nearby Canyonlands National Park unleashed criticism 
     from every imaginable quarter, including Mormons who objected 
     that a limit on six on backcountry camping parties placed an 
     undue hardship on families of eight or 10. The uproar reached 
     Washington, where Assistant Secretary of the Interior for 
     Wildlife and Parks George Frampton said that the ``proposed 
     plan in Canyonlands is likely to be reproposed.''
       This is a model for a new kind of environmental clash, in 
     which the issue is one kind of recreation against another--a 
     battle, says Joe Higgins of Wilderness Watch, of ``the good 
     guys versus the good guys.'' Higgins's group has been caught 
     up in a complex tangle over restricting use of the Alpine 
     Lakes area. This is a stark, cloud-shrouded wilderness of 
     granite peaks and wildflower-strewn meadows that has the 
     misfortune to lie only about an hour's drive from Seattle. 
     The Forest Service recently proposed rules that would require 
     permits for overnight use in parts of Alpine Lakes and 
     prohibit unleashed dogs on two trails. In some quarters this 
     was portrayed as an act of the most blatant tyranny and a 
     likely first step toward confiscating people's boots to keep 
     them from stepping on plants in the forest. ``Dogs come here 
     for the same reason I do, to run around and be free,'' said 
     Lynn O'Malley, an ultramarathoner who trains in the area with 
     daylong hikes.
       But those who oppose restrictions are probably fighting a 
     losing battle. Among environmentalists, the only debate is 
     whether to call it ``rationing'' or something else. 
     ``Rationing is in the cards,'' says Wilderness Society 
     president Jon Roush. ``It's just inevitable.'' ``Rationing is 
     too tough a word to describe what we're doing.'' Interior 
     Secretary Bruce Babbitt told Newsweek, ``but reservations and 
     allocating backcountry permits--those are indispensable 
     tools.'' The dissents come mostly from people with a business 
     interest to protect, like Derrick Crandall of the American 
     Recreation Council, who points out that the peak in 
     backcountry use may have already passed. ``Don't forget,'' he 
     says, ``the number-one recreational activities for Generation 
     X are shopping malls and skateboards.
       But population grows exponentially while wilderness 
     contracts, as Malthus might have observed had he lived in an 
     era characterized by the struggle for recreational 
     opportunities rather than food. Rationing is happening 
     already, on an ad hoc, patchwork basis around the country. 
     One of the best advertisements for the continued existence of 
     nature is the chance to see a grizzly bear in the wild. There 
     are places in Alaska where the bears' appetite for salmon 
     overcomes, for a few weeks a year, their fear of people, 
     allowing anyone to stand within yards of the giant creatures 
     as they pursue behaviors once known only to life-long readers 
     of National Geographic.
       Want to go? Of course you do. But you can't just pack your 
     camera and get on an airplane; you need a permit. You can 
     apply for a day-use permit for the Pack Creek area on 
     Admiralty Island, near Juneau, and hope you get your letter 
     in early enough to qualify for one of the 12 daily passes 
     awarded for the six-week season. Or you can enter the lottery 
     for an overnight-use permit at McNeil River, 250 miles from 
     Anchorage; last year more than 2,000 people applied. Or you 
     can sign up with a private concessionaire on Kodiak Island--
     at some $1,400 for a four-day trip.
       Increasingly, land will be allocated like this, and we need 
     guidance. We will have to invent a new science of psycho-
     ecology, the phenomenology of wilderness experience. Noel 
     Poe, superintendent of Arches National Park, is already 
     trying to come up with a quantifiable measure of solitude. 
     Visitors to Delicate Arch, a spectacular sandstone formation, 
     were shown pictures of the site in various states of 
     crowding, from deserted up to a mob of 100; from their 
     reactions, Poe was able to conclude that the point at which 
     people turned to their spouses and said, We should have 
     stayed in the motel and gone to the pool was reached at 
     approximately 30 visitors. Perhaps we need data points like 
     this for every significant natural site in the United States, 
     a national inventory of our trails, streams, rivers and peaks 
     so they can be allocated with maximum efficiency among 
     backpackers, mountain bikers, heli-mountain bikers, free 
     climbers, sport climbers, rafters, canoers, kayakers, fly 
     fishermen, bait fishermen, black-power hunters, cartridge 
     hunters, bowhunters, mushroom pickers, photographers and 
     nature writers. We give something up, certainly, in 
     scheduling wilderness like the tees at Augusta National: the 
     freedom to set off into the country at a whim, to explore 
     without worrying about the time limit on our permit. But the 
     alternative is . . . well, a country that can put a man on 
     the moon is probably capable of building a mountain 
     skateboard.
                                  ____


                       Federal Rock: A Hard Place

                           (By Daniel Glick)

       Rock-climbing legend has it that celebrated conservationist 
     David Brower installed the first permanent piton in North 
     America. Brower, now in his 80s, confirms that he placed ``a 
     half-inch expansion bolt with a hand drill and a hammer'' at 
     Shiprock in Arizona in 1939. Fifty-five years later, rock-
     climbing has become one of the fastest-growing outdoor 
     sports, with an estimated 500,000 adherents. But the sport, 
     and pitons, to which climbers clip their ropes to break 
     falls, have become flash points of controversy. There are 
     about 7,000 ``fixed anchors'' in Yosemite and 5,000 in 
     California's Joshua Tree alone. These days, they are often 
     installed with cordless electric drills instead of hammers. 
     This proliferation of bolts ``offends the mountain,'' says 
     Brower. ``Power drills offend the mountain.''
       Since the late 1980s, these bolts have also offended 
     environmental groups. Critics complain that climbers flock to 
     established routes, trampling vegetation and leaving chalk 
     marks on the mountain (chalk is used for a better grip). Rock 
     jocks who won't leave so much as a PowerBar wrapper on the 
     trail are incensed at the notion that they might not be 
     conservationally correct. Fixed anchors are essential for 
     safe climbing and descent, they say; to outlaw bolts in some 
     places is to outlaw climbing. Grazing, mining and air strips 
     are allowed in some wilderness areas--and bolts are a menace?
       Both the Interior Department and the U.S. Forest Service 
     are currently debating bans on fixed anchors. Meanwhile, 
     former enemies such as The Wilderness Society and the Access 
     Fund, a national climbing group, are seeking common ground. 
     Many climbers agree that power drills should be banned in 
     national parks, and some wilderness advocates say the 
     judicious use of fixed anchors is OK. As for the mountains, 
     and whether they really are offended by modern climbers, we 
     may never know.
                                  ____


                      Power Ranger: Making It Work

                           (By Daniel Glick)

       A few years back, the U.S. Forest Service floated plans to 
     restrict use of Idaho's 2.1 million-acre Sawtooth National 
     Forest. Warring recreationists in the southern part of the 
     state descended on public-hearing rooms to rail against the 
     idea. Environmentalists complained that motorcycles would 
     tear up the backcountry. Off-road-vehicle users roared 
     objections to that affront. At one such contentious meeting, 
     Ketchum District Ranger Alan Pinkerton stood up. ``Don't 
     panic, everybody,'' he said. ``We'll work this out 
     together.''
       In Idaho, where the Feds own nearly two thirds of the 
     state, residents normally think bureaucrats like Pinkerton 
     are as useful as a broken shovel. But in six years in the 
     district, Pinkerton, 45, has pulled a divided community 
     together and successfully managed his heavily used resources. 
     ``He's a little pocket of difference,'' says Bob Rosso, owner 
     of a local sports shop.
       Pinkerton routinely brings feuding recreationists together 
     to explain the stark alternatives to sharing, like closing 
     areas or rationing their use. One positive result: for three 
     years he has successfully imposed a moratorium on trail use 
     during the muddy spring when trails are vulnerable. Because 
     he is a credible voice, ``We don't go to court over our 
     decisions,'' he says.
       The longhaired Pinkerton's easygoing ways have prompted 
     mountain-biking wildmen, horse people and motorcyclists to do 
     trail work side-by-side. While other land managers are 
     redrafting 10-year plans for trail use, Pinkerton's crew has 
     actually built more than 20 miles of new mountain-biking 
     trail.
       In the forms-in-triplicate world of ``Smokey's children,'' 
     as Forest Service personnel are known, Pinkerton and his 
     rangers stand out. ``If Washington doesn't put its heavy hand 
     on them,'' says Mel Quale, a Twin Falls motorcyclist, ``we 
     might be able to work things out.'' In the ongoing wilderness 
     wars, that would be a rare victory.
                                  ____


                       [From Outside, July 1994]

                                Badlands

                            (By Debra Shore)

       ``I've gotta go,'' is how Robert Tranter hastily ended a 
     phone call one Friday afternoon a few months back. ``I just 
     got word that there may be another dead body out there.'' 
     Tranter, a ranger at the Bureau of Land Management's 
     California Desert District, did indeed find a corpse, the 
     13th discovery by him and his colleagues in 12 months. And as 
     usual, the cause of death--shotgun wounds to the chest--
     wasn't exactly what you'd call natural.
       Most of us view our public lands as happy refuges, places 
     to ditch the bonds of civilization and commune with nature--
     and why not? The allure of the Great Wilderness Escape, 
     perhaps second only to the American Dream in the national 
     imagination, has been seeded and fertilized by everyone from 
     Henry David Thoreau to L. L. Bean. But in seeking harmony 
     with nature, we often forget that human nature accompanies us 
     everywhere we go, expressing itself in any number of ways: 
     robbery, drunk driving, arson, drug manufacturing, 
     paramilitary training, ammunition stockpiling, sexual 
     assault, and murder--not to mention resource crimes like 
     wildlife poaching and artifact theft. Wallace Stegner got it 
     wrong. Wilderness is not where man is not.
       In fact, it's getting a little crowded. More than 273 
     million people visited the national parks last year, 67 
     million more than a decade ago. (The system also has added 33 
     new sites since then.) The number of crimes committed on park 
     property has doubled in the last five years, yet the number 
     of law-enforcement officers--charged with the double duty of 
     guarding resources and babysitting visitors--has decreased by 
     39. Throw in BLM and Forest Service lands and you've got more 
     than 541 million acres with a combined law-enforcement squad 
     of about 3,600--or about one officer for every 150,000 acres. 
     It doesn't take a genius to do the math. ``People who engage 
     in criminal activities have figured out that remoter public 
     lands are accessible to them,'' says Bill Paleck, 
     superintendent of North Cascades National Park, who in his 
     27-year career has dealt with everything from suicide to drug 
     smuggling.
       Less apparent, perhaps, are the implications for the land 
     itself. ``These people problems are keeping us from doing the 
     job we need to do in cultural and resource protection,'' says 
     Rick Gale, a 36-year Park Service veteran who now oversees 
     wildfire operations at the National Interagency Fire Center 
     in Boise, Idaho. ``We can fix the graffiti on the restroom, 
     but you lose one Anasazi pot and it's gone.
       In the report that follows, we've excluded places where 
     criminal spillover is a matter of pure proximity--the Angeles 
     and San Bernardino National Forests on the outskirts of Los 
     Angeles, or Gateway National Recreation Area outside New 
     York, for example. Instead we've focused on the nationally 
     popular locales most plagued--and endangered--by crime. 
     Granted, the vast majority of visitors to these parks, 
     forests, and BLM lands will never experience anything much 
     worse than car vandalism at a trailhead or drunken behavior 
     in a campground. But employ this as a reminder, a compendium 
     of cautionary campfire tales that have a common moral: When 
     you're packing for your annual getaway this summer, it's best 
     not to leave your wits behind. As one ranger puts it, 
     ``Criminals go on vacation, too.''


                     joshua tree national monument

                                Mug Shot

       Joshua Tree, where high desert (the Mojave) meets low 
     desert (the Colorado), where cattle rustlers hid their herds 
     and gold miners punched holes in the ground seeking their 
     fortune, has been wild and woolly for a long time. Today the 
     area is besieged by yet another sort of fringe element. As 
     retired San Bernardino sheriff's sergeant Brian English, who 
     worked the area for 20 years, puts it: ``I can tell you there 
     are more weirdos per square inch in Joshua Tree, Twentynine 
     Palms, and Yucca Valley than anywhere else. More child 
     molesters too, because of the remoteness.'' Rangers here have 
     their hands full with a regular witches' brew of 
     troublemakers, including rowdy marines from the base in 
     Twentynine Palms practicing Satanists, amateur arsonists, 
     grave robbers, and combinations thereof.
       When they're not busy running down sociopathic soldiers or 
     performing any number of mundane duties like dousing illegal 
     campfires, Joshua Tree rangers update the park's three-inch-
     thick ``weird file,'' a folder filled with photos and 
     descriptions, from the amusing to the eerie, of unsolved 
     mysteries--such as the 12-foot pentagram decorated with bird 
     wings that ranger Nina Burnell found etched in the sand in 
     May 1993. Why Joshua Tree? Gary Garrett, a longtime 
     backcountry volunteer at the park, ventures a guess: 
     ``There's an unwritten acceptance that Joshua Tree has energy 
     centers, though I've never felt them myself. Also, it is 
     convenient to southern California.''

                               The Facts

       Number of acres: 559,950.
       Number of visitors in 1993: 1,256,928.
       Number of law-enforcement officers: 14 permanent, 3 
     seasonal.
       Percentage increase in law-enforcement activity over last 
     ten years: 577.
       Number of Satanic rock rings found by one back-country 
     volunteer since 1990: 50.
       Reported acts of vandalism in 1993: 54.
       Average cost of cleaning up one act of vandalism: $151.17.
       1994 budget: $2,775,381.
       Law-enforcement budget: $559,400.

                               Hot Spots

       Hidden Valley picnic area, where in 1992 a young girl and 
     her brother found a booby-trap simulator--a military device 
     with the explosive power of a quarter-stick of dynamite--
     while playing in the bushes. The device blew up, igniting the 
     girl's clothes. Within the next few weeks four more booby-
     trap simulators were found in the underbrush, where rangers 
     speculate they were stashed by marines.
       Lost Horse Ranger District, where last January rangers 
     discovered that someone had dug up and disheveled the grave 
     of Johnny Lang, a prominent prospector who died on a supply 
     run in the area in 1926. Sifting through the pile of bones 
     and dirt left by the vandals, archaeologists found that the 
     only thing missing was Lang's skull.
       Indian Cove Campground, a perennial trouble spot where, 
     during one notorious week in February 1992, two people were 
     arrested for collecting 66 cacti, four people were arrested 
     and charged with burning six picnic tables, county hostage-
     negotiation team was called in to help catch a man tripping 
     on LSD and mushrooms and screaming for rangers to shoot him, 
     a successful five-hour search was concluded for a lost and 
     inebriated college fraternity member, six marines were 
     arrested for being under the influence of alcohol and for 
     attempting to assault a woman with a burning stick, and a 
     second person was arrested for drug use--the 97th such arrest 
     that year in Indian Cove alone.

                             From the Files

       On September 19, 1973, a lethal combination of drugs and 
     alcohol killed musician Gram Parsons, formerly of the Byrds 
     and the Flying Burrito Brothers, in Twenty-nine Palms, a mile 
     outside the national monument. While awaiting transport at 
     the Los Angeles airport, the coffin containing his remains 
     was stolen; a day later, at a turnout near Cap Rock, a 
     maintenance worker at Joshua Tree came upon Parson's flaming 
     corpse, which burned a stain into the ground that remained 
     visible for two full years. Two friends of Parsons later 
     pleaded guilty to the misdemeanor theft and received 
     suspended 30-day sentences. For some time afterward, groupies 
     would visit the spot with spoons to try to scoop up 
     souvenirs; nowadays, the occasional fan still places flowers 
     on the site.


                   Lake Mead National Recreation Area

                                Mug Shot

       Of the 367 sites in the national park system, Lake Mead 
     National Recreation Area has the dubious distinction of being 
     the one where you're most likely to trip over a corpse. This 
     morbid trend peaked in 1982, when 54 bodies were found within 
     park boundaries; in 1993, Lake Mead still accounted for a 
     quarter of the system's 160 recorded fatalities. Granted, 
     most of the deaths have been the result of accidents (over 
     the last 23 years, at least seven people have drowned here 
     after jumping out of boats to recover their hats), but 53 
     violent crimes--homicides, rapes, assaults--have been 
     recorded over just the last two years. Drunkenness, 
     hooliganism, and proximity to Las Vegas (a 45-minute drive) 
     add to the atmosphere of mayhem. ``I'm an ex-marine and I 
     went into park work because I didn't want to get into rough-
     and-tumble police work,'' says 15-year veteran ranger Bob 
     McKeever. ``But here I've been in a dozen foot-chases with 
     wanted felons. I had a vision of sitting on a horse atop a 
     mountain pass, watching eagles and moose. It hasn't turned 
     out that way.''

                               The Facts

       Number of acres: 1,510,216.
       Number of visitors in 1993: 9,256,520.
       Number of law-enforcement officers: 45 permanent, 11 
     seasonal.
       Number of arrests in 1993: 609.
       Number of violent crimes: 13.
       Number of fatalities: 38 (17 drownings, 5 suicides, 3 
     boating accidents, 2 motor-vehicle accidents, 9 of natural 
     causes, 2 undetermined).
       Number of drownings involving drugs or alcohol: 5.
       Number of corpses discovered by visitors: 5.
       1994 budget: $10,805,370.
       Law-enforcement budget: $3,060,000.

                               Hot Spots

       The Cliffs, on the edge of Lake Mead's 33 Hole (so named 
     because ``10-33'' is law-enforcement code for an emergency 
     situation), the site of 30 drownings since 1975, almost half 
     of them alcohol-related. In the seventies and eighties, 
     rangers routinely wore riot helmets to shield their heads 
     from full beer cans hurled by surly drunks. ``We used tear 
     gas and tactical techniques to take the place over,'' recalls 
     chief ranger Dale Antonich. ``We still only go in with at 
     least three rangers--two to walk around and one to guard the 
     car.''
       The New Cliffs, at mile marker 4.2 on Upper Gypsum Wash 
     Road. When Lake Mead rises, some of the Cliffs crowd migrates 
     to this spot, from which they periodically pelt rangers and 
     passersby with rocks.
       Gasoline Alley, a small bay near Katherine's Landing on 
     Lake Mohave, accessible only by boat. On spring and summer 
     weekends, the entrance to the bay is choked with college 
     students drinking copious amounts of alcohol. ``They use 
     gigantic water-balloon slingshots to knock our people out of 
     their boats,'' says Antonich.
       Remote mile marker 8.0 on the north shore of Lake Meade, 
     where in March 1993 a visitor from Scotland shot and wounded 
     a couple who were camping at the spot he had chosen to commit 
     suicide. ``There's places around there I wouldn't go without 
     a gun,'' says ranger Tom Velenta, ``and I'm a law-enforcement 
     officer.''

                             From the Files

       On July 6, 1993, Barry Barnett, 38, of Laughlin, Nevada, 
     met Michael Bertram, 40, of Bullhead City, Arizona, at a 
     weekend-long beach wingding near Katherine's Landing. Though 
     they'd been arguing for most of the party, when it broke up 
     the pair borrowed a boat to go out and tow each other on 
     Barnett's surfboard. Bertram returned the boat alone, noting 
     casually to its owner, ``I think I killed the little surfer 
     dude.'' Two park visitors found Barnett's body floating near 
     the Katherine's Landing water-intake barge on July 14. 
     Charges of negligent homicide and reckless endangerment were 
     filed against Bertram, who had fled to Florida, though for 
     two months, according to park investigator Ernie Soper, 
     ``Nobody had money to bring him back for prosecution.''
       In October U.S. Marshals did finally haul him back--for 
     violation of probation: Bertram had previously been cited for 
     driving under the influence within park boundaries. As of 
     early May, he was in prison in Florida awaiting trial in the 
     Barnett case.


                      daniel boone national forest

                                Mug Shot

       Local pranksters thwacked the nail on the head a few years 
     ago when they amended one of the entrance signs to read, 
     Daniel Boone National Pot Forest: Nearly half of the 
     marijuana plants confiscated on national forest land last 
     year were grown here. Authorities reaped and burned 248,487 
     plants from 4,591 plots around the forest and ferreted out 38 
     booby traps, including steel bear traps, punji sticks, 
     dynamite, and fishhooks strung across trails at eye level. 
     The good news: That's way down from the 145 traps found in 
     1989.
       Daniel Boone's status as dope capital of our public lands 
     is no surprise, in historical context. During World War II, 
     under a federal incentive program, farmers in this part of 
     southeastern Kentucky were paid to grow marijuana plants for 
     the hemp fiber used to make rope, and it's still widely 
     acknowledged as a vital part of the local economy. ``We were 
     interviewing an elderly gentleman whom we'd just arrested for 
     cultivating marijuana,'' says the forest's special agent in 
     charge of eradication, ``and there in his patch I said to 
     him, `Now what in the world are you doing here? You're three 
     counties away from your residence!' And he looked at me and 
     said, `Sonny, all the good places over there were taken.'''

                               The Facts

       Number of acres: 681,923.
       Number of visitors in 1993: 5,261,700.
       Number of law-enforcement officers: 16.
       Number of joints per visitor that could have been rolled 
     with marijuana destroyed in 1993: 42.9.
       Approximate total hours of intoxication that could have 
     been provided by marijuana destroyed: 451,500,879.
       Approximate street value of marijuana destroyed: 
     $248,400,000.
       1994 budget: $13,525,864.
       Law-enforcement budget: $1,053,800.

                               Hot Spots

       Leslie Clay, and Owsley Counties, in the extreme 
     southeastern part of the forest. This is the location of most 
     of the 180,000 acres designated as ``constrained,'' meaning 
     the law enforcement always goes in with backup. Each year a 
     dozen or so visitors to these areas report that they've been 
     told at gunpoint they'd best pitch their tents elsewhere. 
     Growers are less polite with the feds: During the 1992 
     growing season, they shot at a Kentucky National Guard truck 
     used to refuel drug-surveillance choppers.

                             Form the Files

       In Kentucky, the religion that is high school football 
     holds services on Friday night, and for ten years Archie 
     Powers was its high priest--which is to say, he was the head 
     coach at Corbin City High School, a long-time powerhouse that 
     brought home the state title twice under his guidance. When 
     Powers resigned in 1982, he rode his popularity into the 
     office of judge executive of Whitley County. From this new 
     pulpit, he and a partner extended a hoe to a bit of his 
     jurisdiction in southern Daniel Boone National Forest and 
     raised about a thousand marijuana plants. Upon his indictment 
     in 1990, the cry swept across the land: ``My God, my boys 
     played football for him!''


                         big bend national park

                                Mug Shot

       The extreme poverty of the Mexican hamlets across the Rio 
     Grande, coupled with the fact that only five or six rangers 
     patrol the park at any given time, makes for a lot of 
     conflict in and around Big Bend. Twice in recent years, 
     snipers on the Mexican side have taken potshots at rafters on 
     the Rio Grande; in 1988, a man was killed and his wife and 
     guide wounded by a teenager on the bluffs above Colorado 
     Canyon, 15 miles from the park entrance. A more typical 
     consequence of the border tension, however, is car breaking. 
     ``It's very easy for someone to ride across the river on a 
     horse, hit a vehicle, and go back across,'' says chief ranger 
     Jim Northup. ``You'd be surprised at what they take. A lot of 
     the stuff that's stolen is the kind of stuff needed for basic 
     subsistence--water jugs, gasoline, tires, kerosene 
     lanterns.''
       But the predominant concerns is smuggling. Though its 
     border makes up 13 percent of the international boundary with 
     Mexico, there is no customs port of entry in the park. As a 
     result, an inestimable quantity of drugs, animal pelts, 
     household appliances, auto parts, stereo equipment, and 
     construction materials--not to mention illegal aliens--sneak 
     past rangers and the Border Patrol each year. In 1993, ranges 
     stopped four pickups hauling 500 boxes of frozen chicken 
     parts, a bust that turned into a logistical nightmare. ``If 
     they had spoiled, we would have been liable,'' says assistant 
     chief ranger Roger Moder. ``We had to track down a food 
     locker 100 miles away.''

                               The Facts

       Number of acres: 801,163.
       Number of visitors in 1993: 330,741.
       Number of rangers: 13.
       Number of car break-ins reported: 36.
       Number of illegal aliens caught: 31.
       Number of fox and bobcat pelts stuffed into a spare tire 
     confiscated by rangers on January 31, 1994: 20.
       Pounds of marijuana confiscated on same bust from a 
     different tire: 23.
       Street value of drugs seized in or near the park in 1993: 
     $5,034,601.
       1994 budget: $3,564,400.
       Law-enforcement budget: $690,000.

                               Hot Spots

       San Vicente Crossing, the preferred port of entry for less-
     than-legitimate trade with Mexico. ``The Cavalry,'' a group 
     of 30 or so mounted Mexican men, some with machetes slung 
     from their saddles, hangs out on the park side of the Rio 
     Grande and, for $50 a pop, provides an informal towing and 
     ferrying service for vehicles crossing in either direction, 
     no questions asked.
       Dominguez Springs Trailhead and the adjacent parking area, 
     two hours from the nearest paved road and a favorite spot for 
     car looters. Rangers often observe hoofprints around the 
     unlucky visitors' cars, which leads them to believe that the 
     thieves come from across the river.

                             From the Files

       In July 1991 the body of 26-year-old Donald Tate was found 
     in the southeastern part of the park in a desolate area along 
     the Rio Grande. Tate's teeth were broken, his finger pads 
     were missing, and his skull was fractured. The corpse of his 
     five-year-old daughter was found in his burned-out van 
     several miles away.
       Smuggling-related theories abound, though some rangers 
     think Tate was just in the wrong place at the wrong time. 
     Less plausible is the theory that a campstove fire in the van 
     burned Tate, who ran to the river to extinguish himself, 
     expired there, and got washed downstream. ``There's some 
     speculation that his finger pads were nibbled by turtles,'' 
     says ranger Moder, ``but then there's the blow to his head . 
     . .''


                        Everglades National Park

                                Mug Shot

       The Coast Guard and the U.S. Customs Bureau have been less 
     of a presence in south Florida since a massive drug sweep in 
     the eighties cleaned up the region's murky backwaters. As a 
     result, a dispersed, harder-to-track drug trade is 
     reestablishing itself in the park. ``It was pretty easy when 
     the stuff was stacked up ten feet high and 20 feet long,'' 
     says ranger Mike Mayer. ``Now it's in much smaller loads, and 
     it's getting harder and harder to stop it.''
       It doesn't help that just four rangers patrol several 
     hundred square miles of the most tangled territory, or that a 
     new trouble spot has emerged to divert their attention: East 
     Everglades, a 107,600-acre crazy quilt of private and federal 
     land recently appended to the park. The problem there isn't 
     smuggling but rather general gun-happiness. ``I can show you 
     refrigerators and hulks of cars that look like cheesecloth,'' 
     says ranger Bob Panko, ``and mounds of shell casings on the 
     ground.'' Just last fall, a wealthy Miami businessman was 
     cited for helicoptering a few pals out to the Chekika Access 
     Area to test out an impressive variety of toys, among them a 
     .50-caliber Desert Eagle pistol, two nine-millimeter pistols, 
     a .454 revolver, and a single-shot pen gun. ``The people out 
     there shoot at virtually anything,'' says ranger Ben Morgan. 
     ``On the Fourth of July, it reminds me of Vietnam.''

                               The Facts

       Number of acres: 1,506,539.
       Number of visitors in 1993: 1,061,000.
       Number of law-enforcement officers: 35 permanent, 6 
     seasonal.
       Drugs confiscated in 1987: 474 bales of marijuana, 135 
     balls of hashish.
       Drugs confiscated in 1993: 211 grams of marijuana.
       Number of weapons offenses in 1987: 15.
       Number of weapons offenses in 1993: 191.
       1994 budget: $10,356,300.
       Law-enforcement budget: $1,414,200.

                               Hot Spots

       The Ten Thousand Islands, on the Gulf Coast near Everglades 
     City. Though fewer antics go on here than in the past 
     (between 1983 and 1987, more than a hundred residents of 
     Everglades City were arrested by DEA or customs agents), this 
     network of mangrove islands is still believed to be a popular 
     conduit for illicit substances--especially in smaller 
     quantities. Rangers and non-park officials all declined to 
     discuss intelligence reports that indicate the estimated 
     amount of drug traffic through the region. ``By the nature of 
     our geography, we're very susceptible to smuggling by vessel 
     and by air,'' says Richard Crawford, who heads the DEA office 
     in Fort Myers. ``We can never totally stop it.''
       East Everglades, near the end of Southwest 237th Avenue, an 
     overgrown marsh originally slated for development but never 
     drained. ``We have seen or seized just about every type of 
     weapon ever made up there--M-16s, AR-15s, AK-47s, even a 
     grenade launcher,'' says Morgan, who was once fired upon 
     while flying a helicopter over the area.

                             From the Files

       On the afternoon of July 1, 1992, observers at a customs 
     intelligence facility in Richmond Heights spotted a twin-
     engine Piper Aerostar flying low from the Bahamas toward the 
     eastern United States and dispatched a helicopter and a plane 
     to tail it. The two aircraft followed the Aerostar to a spot 
     above a landing strip west of Homestead, at which point 
     confederates on the ground are believed to have notified the 
     Aerostar's pilot of his pursuers. Before the pilot and 
     passenger were finally apprehended at Homestead General 
     Aviation Airport, they wheeled around and flew back across 
     the park, jettisoning their entire cargo--some 16 bundles of 
     cocaine worth about $2.5 million apiece. Ten were recovered: 
     Eight splashed down in the Everglades backcountry, one landed 
     on a Homestead church, and the last crashed into a house next 
     door to a neighborhood crime-watch meeting, where the 
     Homestead police chief was concluding his speech.


          bureau of land management california desert district

                                Mug Shot

       Given that a ranger's beat here can cover as much as a 
     million acres, it's a safe bet that there's a whole lot going 
     on that the authorities will never see. Nevertheless, they 
     see plenty: In 1993, rangers discovered 12 corpses--one 
     without a head or fingers--scattered about the district. In 
     the Barstow Resource Area, where seven of the bodies were 
     found and where the evidence locker is full of assault 
     weapons, a paramilitary group called the Confederate Mexican 
     Army has been conducting boot camp. ``Their goal is to take 
     back southern California, basically,'' says ranger Jerry 
     Bronson. In June 1993, in the Ridgecrest Resource Area, a 
     group of Japanese-Americans, possibly affiliated with the 
     Japanese mafia known as the Yakuza, was observed running 
     armed drills on a mining claim near Red Mountain.
       Other nuisances have included Charles Manson, who was 
     apprehended in the Panamint Range in 1969; a methamphetamine 
     lab found in the Orocopia Mountains in 1989; skinheads 
     holding periodic armed rallies in the southern Panamint 
     Valley; and the instant city that routinely springs up on 
     holiday weekends at Imperial Dunes, where dune buggies tear 
     up the turf and their drivers tear up one another. ``They've 
     been riding hard,'' explains ranger Bob Zimmer, ``and they're 
     dirty, and they just finally piss each other off to the point 
     where they may stab each other.''

                               The Facts

       Number of acres: 12,500,000
       Number of visitors in 1993: not available
       Number of law-enforcement officers: 60
       Average number of weapons on each person encountered by 
     rangers: 4
       Number of guns confiscated in 1993: 150
       1994 budget: $17,000,000
       Law-enforcement budget: $2,660,000

                               Hot Spots

        The areas off Boulder, Hodge, and Sidewinder Roads 
     in the Barstow Resource Area. These places have become post-
     apocalyptic shooting galleries identifiable by piles of 
     debris--and dead bodies: Three of the seven corpses found in 
     Barstow last year were found here.
        Corn Springs, in the Palm Springs South Coast 
     Resource Area. In the first four months of this year, rangers 
     seized four sawed-off shotguns and 15 assault weapons here. 
     Two years ago they dug up a cache of stolen explosives, 
     possibly linked to the ongoing bombings of wild animals in 
     the area by clubs of ``varminters.'' ``They love to blow up 
     and kill wildlife,'' marvels ranger John Blachley. ``They 
     will shoot it and then hang it up and continue to shoot it. 
     It's kind of strange.''

                             From the Files

       One Sunday afternoon in December 1993, a visitor from New 
     Zealand was hiking the Sheep Spring Oasis Trail in the Palm 
     Springs South Coast Resource Area when he was hailed by 
     someone in a pickup truck claiming to be stalled. When the 
     hiker approached, he was shot twice in the torso, then robbed 
     of his shoes and money and left for dead. He managed to drag 
     himself to Interstate 10, seven miles away, where he flagged 
     down help.


                              grand canyon

       Grand Canyon Village, on the South Rim, is home to more 
     than 1,100 employees of Grand Canyon National Park Lodges, 
     aka the Fred Harvey Company, the park's primary concessioner. 
     In March, the employee rec center burned down, leaving even 
     fewer social opportunities for staffers who already had ``no 
     other option but to sit around and drink all evening,'' says 
     ranger Dave Brennan. Indeed, about 80 percent of the 140 
     concession-worker arrests last year were alcohol-related. 
     Fortunately, no one's killed a visitor since 1984, when a 
     newly divorced and distraught mule handler shot a man in the 
     bar at El Tovar hotel on the South Rim. Stealing, however, 
     has remained a steady pastime: Last September, police in 
     Idaho apparently brought an end to a string of nearly 100 
     park burglaries (40 in Grand Canyon) when they arrested a 
     suspect in several car break-ins at Yellowstone and Grand 
     Teton. The man, who has confessed to stealing from four rooms 
     at Grand Canyon, had worked there as a hotel supervisor.
       On the creepier side, last winter an Arizona Highway Patrol 
     officer pulled over a concession employee for a moving 
     violation and discovered that he was wanted by the FBI in 
     California for sexual assault and kidnapping. At the time he 
     was working as a host at El Tovar.


                              yellowstone

       Concessions at Yellowstone are handled by TW Recreational 
     Services, which seems to make a business of relying on 
     unreliable people: To get the 2,300 workers it needs for peak 
     season, it hires 2,900; last year, 1,400 employees left 
     before their terms were completed, and 300 were fired. The 
     hot spots, not surprisingly, are the five employee pubs. 
     ``They are cesspools,'' declares ranger Pat Ozment. ``That's 
     where almost all our arrests originate.'' Sixty of the 90 
     arrests in Yellowstone last year involved concession 
     employees, and Ozment estimates that 90 percent of them 
     involved alcohol. In addition, all five sexual assaults that 
     occurred in the park, including two on mentally handicapped 
     female workers, were committed by TW employees, and one 
     worker fired last summer for ``poor performance'' turned out 
     to be one of the major car looters in the area.


                                yosemite

       Out of the 201 Yosemite concession employees that Ron 
     Hamann studied, 129 had been arrested for alcohol-related 
     offenses or burglaries, or both--84 of them for the second 
     (or third or fourth) time. Fifty-four of those 129 had prior 
     arrest records for theft. Such repeat offenses are almost 
     ridiculously common. ``Why are they making people 
     housekeepers who were involved in the past in property 
     crimes?'' asks law-enforcement chief Jeff Sullivan. Over the 
     last ten years more than a quarter of all arrests in the park 
     involved concession workers, busted for everything from 
     drunkenness to domestic disputes to drug dealing.
       The current concessioner. Yosemite Concession Services 
     Corp. (which replaced the Yosemite Park and Curry Co. in 
     October 1993), employs 1,850 people, including 1,200 who 
     still live in trailers, tents, and run-down dorms in the 
     seven-mile-long, half-mile-wide Yosemite Valley. The company 
     has placed added emphasis on pre-employment drug testing and 
     criminal-history background checks, and has hired a 
     consultant to work on ``community health promotion.''


   great smoky mountains national park, north carolina and tennessee

       This is a drive-through park, so it's not surprising that 
     much of the crime involves vehicles. In one sad case, a drunk 
     driver collided head-on with an elderly couple, killing the 
     husband. More of a threat to the average visitor, though, is 
     the flotsam that cruises the major thoroughfare, U.S. 441, 
     looking for cars to steal or loot. Bobby Joe Phillips, who's 
     been linked to 114 break-ins in the region, was arrested in 
     the park for the third time last November. Last year the park 
     recorded 152 break-ins and six auto thefts, but criminal 
     investigator Bill Acree estimates that half the break-ins go 
     unreported. Be especially careful at the Davenport Gap 
     trailhead in Cocke County, Tennessee--known locally as the 
     chop shop capital of the East Coast.


                   deschutes national forest, oregon

       ``Thirty percent of the people we contact have a warrant 
     out for their arrest,'' says special agent Ron Pugh. Most of 
     these unsavory characters are attracted to the area because 
     it's prime hunting turf for entrepreneurs seeking valuable 
     wild mushrooms, most notably the matsutake, worth anywhere 
     from $10 to $600 a pound. These pickers are secretive about 
     their favorite spots, work for cash, and are reluctant to 
     report conflicts to the authorities. Hence forest law-
     enforcement officers were unable to prove--or disprove-- 
     rumors that four Asian pickers were killed last season. (It's 
     fact, however, that one was murdered in the fall of 1992.) 
     Pugh also predicts conflicts between game and mushroom 
     hunters this fall. ``The hunters are trying to sneak through 
     the brush quietly. The pickers yell and shoot into the air to 
     communicate,'' he explains. ``This is obviously not an ideal 
     situation.''


            Ouachita national forest, arkansas and oklahoma

       Ironically enough, here in Clinton's home state sprawls one 
     of the top five national forests in marijuana cultivation. 
     Last year a drug interdiction team made 14 felony arrests and 
     eradicated 41,938 marijuana plants from 1,936 sites. In 1992, 
     agents found eight booby traps at five sites in and just 
     outside the park. Law-enforcement officers have also 
     discovered a rifle attached to a trip wire, a bear trap, and 
     fishhooks strung at eye-level. Hot spots in the last three 
     years have been along the Arkansas-Oklahoma line, though more 
     growers are moving onto paper-company inholdings: 
     Weyerhaeuser alone owns (and rarely polices) 600,000 acres 
     within the 1.7-million-acre forest.


                     BLM Las vegas district, nevada

       The city of Las Vegas casts more than its lurid neon glow 
     into the surrounding desert. The malcontents who frequent the 
     6.6 million acres that radiate from the city will shoot 
     anything that moves and much that doesn't: parked cars, 
     utility poles, wild horses, one another. Last November, three 
     members of the 28th Street Gang were caught practicing drive-
     by shooting with silhouette targets on a side road. Chief 
     ranger Randy August estimates that half of the incidents 
     dealt with by his staff involve weapons. The magazine Soldier 
     of Fortune hosts its annual gathering of would-be mercenaries 
     and commandos here, natch.


              organ pipe cactus national monument, arizona

       Rangers at this lonely monument, which shares 31 miles of 
     international border with Mexico, estimate that they detain 
     15 to 20 illegal liens a month and that the $3.5 million 
     worth of drugs they confiscated last year was only about 8 
     percent of what actually came through. On New Year's Day 
     1993, rangers found 154 pounds of marijuana hidden near an 
     employee housing complex--and three armed men casing the area 
     dressed in full camouflage gear. And last April, rangers and 
     the Border Patrol concluded a five-week series of busts in 
     which more than 600 pounds of pot were confiscated, mostly 
     from backpackers en route to drop-off points along Arizona 
     85.


         olympic national park and national forest, washington

       In October 1993, a park crew unearthed $702,500 Canadian 
     buried in five canisters on the park's coastal strip--later 
     determined to be a fraction of the profits from an estimated 
     25 tons of hashish smuggled in through the area the year 
     before. In 1991, investigators also found a methamphetamine 
     lab, a hash-oil processing facility, and two marijuana grow-
     rooms on a five-acre private inholding near Quinault Lake--
     and have yet to deal with the chemical residue that drained 
     into the ground 30 feet from a stream. Park rangers have made 
     116 drug busts in the last three years on park roads and in 
     campgrounds, while local addicts have taken to mugging the 
     adjacent forest, felling and selling cedar to feed their 
     habits. What they're leaving behind isn't great either: Law-
     enforcement officers have learned to step lightly in the Sol 
     Duc District, where this year alone they've found more than 
     240 used hypodermic needles. Last but not least, five sexual 
     assaults have been reported in the park in the last two 
     years, including a case in which a concession employee 
     attacked a 16-year-old visitor.


                   mount hood national forest, oregon

       Just 20 miles from Deschutes National Forest, this is a 
     playground for a different breed of miscreant. Cruise Oregon 
     224 above the Clackamas River near North Fork Reservoir and 
     check out the bull's-eye and photographs tacked up by 
     Portland gangs for drive-by target practice. Anyone remotely 
     interested in a family camping experience should avoid the 
     vicinity of Babgy Hot Springs, 65 miles from Portland, 
     between 4 p.m. and 10 a.m., when weapons-toting neo-Nazis and 
     a variety of gangs occasionally butt heads. But Larch 
     Mountain, adjacent to the Columbia Gorge National Scenic 
     Area, is the forest's most popular shooting gallery. You 
     can't miss it: The trees look like they've been mowed down 
     with a .60-caliber machine gun.

                              {time}  1100

  Mr. McCANDLESS. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to proceed for 
2 additional minutes.
  The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from 
California?
  Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chairman, I object.
  The CHAIRMAN. Objection is heard.
  Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that 
all time for debate on this amendment and all amendments thereto end in 
15 minutes.
  The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from 
California?
  Mr. CALVERT. Reserving the right to object, Mr. Chairman, I have 
several speakers who would like to speak to this amendment, and, 
therefore, I object.
  The CHAIRMAN. Objection is heard.
  Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of 
words.
  (Mr. HUNTER asked and was given permission to revise and extend his 
remarks.)
  Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the amendment of the 
gentleman from California [Mr. Calvert]. I think it is a commonsense 
amendment like the amendment that he authored to allow our drug 
enforcement agencies and other law enforcement agencies to at least 
enter with vehicles the proposed wilderness areas that about the 
Mexican border, areas that we know will be used by drug smugglers, if 
we do not allow entry by law enforcement people. That is commonsense. I 
think this amendment is commonsense.
  It goes to the practical problem that we have right now of trying to 
fund existing programs, fund existing infrastructure. It goes across 
the array of American programs and institutions. And we are trying to 
fund existing programs with existing dollars, and it does not make a 
lot of sense to create a new drain on the Federal treasury at a time 
when we are undercutting and under funding programs that we put in 
place, especially with respect to the National Park Service over the 
last five or 10 years.
  I want to ask my friend, the gentleman from California [Mr. Calvert] 
a couple of questions.
  How many thousand acres of authorized but unacquired lands do we have 
right now in California?
  Mr. CALVERT. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?
  Mr. HUNTER. I yield to the gentleman from California.
  Mr. CALVERT. As I understand, there is approximately 22,000 acres 
alone in California that have been authorized but not acquired.
  Mr. HUNTER. I thank the gentleman. So right now we are 22,000 acres 
in the hole in terms of coming up with the dollars to fund and, at the 
same time, we are looking at, as I understand it, I would like the 
gentleman to verify my figures, I have been given figures that say that 
the Presidio has a one-time conversion cost, former military base, one-
time conversion cost that ranges from $702 million to $1.2 billion. Is 
that accurate?
  Mr. CALVERT. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman will continue to yield, 
that is accurate. According to the GAO that is an accurate number.
  Mr. HUNTER. So we have in that one conversion cost alone, close to a 
billion dollars. The Desert bill, as I understand, has been, the cost 
has been capped at something like $336 million, but that presumably is 
to come on top?
  Mr. CALVERT. That is on top of the Presidio.
  Mr. HUNTER. I think the gentleman is making a good point. We are 
hearing more and more from our constituents that the National Park 
Service is strained, is stretched very thin, that people are not 
getting the service when they go to our national parks that they got, 
that they at least perceived that they got 10, 15, 20 years ago.
  Part of that is the fact that we are trying to move dollars that 
should be going to current operations, trying to move dollars into new 
land acquisition. So I think the gentleman has an excellent point here.
  I understand that 367 existing units of the National Park Service are 
the verge of collapse due to existing funding shortfalls; is that 
correct?
  Mr. CALVERT. That is correct, according to the National Park Service.
  Mr. HUNTER. Let me ask the gentleman, has the National Park Service 
come up with any way in which we are going to be able to accommodate 
all of these spending requirements that we have just enumerated, the 
acquisition of the 22,000 acres, the 367 existing units of park service 
that are experiencing funding shortfalls? How are we going to be able 
to accommodate all of those drains or those requirements for dollars 
and still fund the desert bill? Have they come up with an answer?
  Mr. CALVERT. As my friend from California knows, there is no money, 
to answer that question.
  Mr. HUNTER. I thank the gentleman. I think he is offering a very 
commonsense amendment, and I would hope that it would pass.
  Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of 
words, and I rise in opposition to the amendment.
  Mr. Chairman, let me just state, I think this amendment is quite 
mischievous. It is hard to really take it seriously when you look at 
the numbers that have been bandied about here, none of which are 
accurate.
  I would like to point to the situation in my district, where I 
represent Kings Canyon-Sequoia Parks as well as Yosemite. I have heard 
figures of up to $605 million in backlogs in acquisitions in those 
parks. That is totally untrue.
  In fact, the people who run those local parks say they have no idea 
how an exaggerated number like that was obtained. The larger fact here 
is that most of the people who own land within those parks do not want 
to sell their property. Certainly that is the case with Yosemite and in 
Kings Canyon-Sequoia as well. They enjoy owning land within the park. 
It is quite prestigious just to have, and they like passing it down 
within their families.
  Many have been tremendous impediments to acquiring any lands even if 
this Congress saw fit to try to appropriate the money to do it in the 
first place.
  Also, I really think we have to consider here the tremendous value 
these parks have brought to the local community. No one, no businessman 
in Mariposa or in three Rivers and Tulare Counties and areas adjacent 
to these parks would want to go back to a time when they did not have 
the park.
  The park has been a tremendous economic boom to the local area there, 
providing a lot of revenue and a lot of jobs. This amendment in the 
name of waiting until property could be purchased by the Federal 
Government, in many instances from sellers who do not want to sell it, 
would undo all the advantages of having a park in the local area.
  There has been adequate money in our budgets for construction and for 
long-term planning in the parks. Operations have not been a problem. 
But to say that we are going to wait until we acquire all the land that 
over time may have been authorized for acquisition regardless of 
whether or not, or half of it in this instance, regardless of whether 
or not anyone wants to sell it on the other side I think would be 
foolish.
  Mr. VENTO. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?
  Mr. LEHMAN. I yield to the gentleman from Minnesota.
  Mr. VENTO. I think the gentleman has referred, to the land-water 
conservation fund and the historic preservation fund, there is over a 
billion dollars a year flowing to the Federal Government, it is 
intended to be made available from the Outer Continental Shelf oil and 
gas leases that are supposed to be used for land purchase purpose.
  The gentleman raised a very important point in terms of in-holdings 
that have been in the park system since it was created in 1916. 
Individuals on a willing seller-willing buyer basis are not interested 
in selling in many instances. The park service has decided that some 
inholdings, their presence is not a problem. But this amendment would 
put them into the equation as part of the consideration of the backlog. 
I guess for technical reasons they are part of it; for practical 
reasons, they are not.
  The other point most importantly is that Congress has not seen fit, 
it has taken, diverted the LWCF/HPF money that is supposed to go for 
the Park Service and put it into other sources. This type of amendment 
just aids and abets that type of diversion of money from the Park 
Service. This is not a friendly amendment to the Park Service. This 
does not help in creating the legacy and the heritage of natural 
resources and cultural resources that this Nation and future 
generations deserve. This defeats it. This postpones it.
  This land, we will not know in 20 years, if we do not act today. This 
is urgent. This needs to be set aside for the American people today, 
not in 20, 30, or 40 years, it will be lost.
  Mr. LEHMAN. I thank the gentleman for his comments. I agree with him, 
and I urge rejection of this amendment which does unnecessary harm to 
the legislation and is really not based on the facts out there.
  Mr. FILNER. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of 
words.
  Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to the amendment that has been put 
forward by my colleague from California. The National Park System has 
been called our Nation's best idea ever. Our national park ethic has 
never failed to look to the future by protecting and preserving our 
history and heritage. Part of this has been taking on the 
responsibility of managing new areas for the benefit and enjoyment of 
current and future generations. This amendment would indefinitely 
postpone protecting the California desert region which, of course, is 
the true intent of its supporters.

                              {time}  1110

  I do not deny the importance of reducing the National Park Service's 
backlog and I thank my colleagues for raising that issue. But we vote 
on the budget for the National Park Service in the appropriations 
process. The Committee on Appropriations makes a recommendation to the 
House as to what our priorities are for the Department of Interior for 
the following fiscal year. I do not recall any of the proponents of 
this amendment making a proposal to increase the National Park Service 
budget for land acquisition, construction or operations. It is our job 
in Congress to work with the administration to solve this problem. The 
Department of Interior considers earlier estimates of Park Service 
construction and infrastructure backlogs to be very unreliable because 
they included unauthorized projects and others which are not part of 
park management plans. The department has testified before Congress 
that it is preparing a full report on these backlogs using more 
accurate information. The Department of Interior as I understand also 
intends to include in that report a proposed method for providing the 
funds necessary to resolve any backlog identified.
  The time to solve this problem, working together, is when we have 
that accurate data. I urge my colleagues to analyze that data and make 
a focused effort to reduce the backlog. This amendment does not do 
that. What this amendment does is to block the implementation of a bill 
that the majority of our fellow Californians support. I urge its 
defeat.
  Mr. POMBO. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the amendment, and I 
yield to the author of the amendment, the gentleman from California 
[Mr. Calvert].
  Mr. CALVERT. Mr. Chairman, I place in the Record the statistics and 
data from the National Park Service showing the shortfall of dollars 
for construction, land acquisition and operating costs, as follows:

                NATIONAL PARK SERVICE BUDGET SHORTFALLS                 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Program                             Shortfall     
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Land acquisition....................................  $1 to 3 billion.  
Major facility repair/construction..................  $6 billion.       
Annual park operations..............................  $375 million.     
Total shortfall.....................................  $7.4 to $9.4      
                                                       billion.         
------------------------------------------------------------------------


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                     Shortfalls (thousands of dollars)                  
            Member                                    Park                       -----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                   Park operations  Land acquisition    Construction     Total per park 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abercrombie (D-HI-1st).......  U.S.S. Arizona Memorial..........................              $686                $0                $0              $686
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................               686
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Allard, Wayne (R-CO-4th).....  Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site...........                71               258                 0               329
                               Rocky Mountain NP................................             1,597             5,385            33,828            40,810
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            41,139
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Bacchus, Jim (D-FL-15th).....  Canaveral National Seashore......................               617                 0             3,506             4,123
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             4,123
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Baker, Bill (R-CA-10th)......  Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site............                92                 0                 0                92
                               John Muir National Historic Site.................               172               200                 0               372
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................               464
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Ballenger (R-NC-10th)........  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Blue Ridge Parkway...............................             9,245            11,797            25,800            46,842
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            81,842
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Barrett, Bill (R-NE-3d)......  Agate Fossil Beds National Monument..............               106                 0             2,921             3,027
                               Scotts Bluff National Monument...................               212                 8                 0               220
                               Niobrara River...................................                 0                 0                 0                 0
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             3,247
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Bartlett (R-MD-6th)..........  Antietam NB......................................               321             2,190             8,036            10,547
                               Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Catoctin Mountain Park...........................               887           114,856            35,325           152,248
                               Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historic Park.             2,067           114,856            35,325           152,248
                               Harpers Ferry National Historic Park.............               328             2,585            38,928            41,841
                               Monocacy NB......................................                62            24,204             5,660            29,926
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           270,449
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Bateman (R-VA-1st)...........  Assateague Island National Seashore..............               870             3,076            30,502            34,448
                               Colonial National Historic Park..................               818                50            66,383            67,251
                               Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County                          807            40,617            22,233            63,657
                                Battlefields Memorial National Military Park.                                                                           
                               George Washington Birthplace National Monument...                49               100                 0               149
                               Richmond NBP.....................................               874                 0            23,800            24,674
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           190,179
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Beilenson (D-CA-24th)........  Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area..             4,080           102,131             1,310           107,521
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           107,521
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Bentley (R-MD-2d)............  Hampton National Historic Site...................               111             1,500             8,000             9,611
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             9,611
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Bereuter, Doug (R-NE-1st)....  Homestead National Monument of America...........                16                 0                 0                16
                               Niobrara/Missouri NRA............................                 0                 0                 0                 0
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................                16
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Bevill, Tom (D-AL-4th).......  Little River Canyon National Preserve............               500             6,000                 0             6,500
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             6,500
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Bishop (D-GA-2d).............  Andersonville National Historic Site.............               140                 0             7,400             7,540
                               Jimmy Carter National Historic Site..............                79                20                 0                99
      Total shortfall........  Ocmulgee National Monument.......................               104                 0                 0               104
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
Bliley, (R-VA-7th)...........  Maggie L. Walker NHS.............................               440                 0             2,500             2,940
                               Richmond NBP.....................................               874                 0            23,800            24,674
                               Appalachian......................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County                          807            40,617            22,233            63,657
                                Battlefields Memorial National Military Park.                                                                           
                               Shenandoah NP....................................             1,695                 0            85,751            87,446
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           213,717
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Boehlert (R-NY-23d)..........  Fort Stanwix National Monument...................                33                 0                 0                33
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
                               .................................................  ................  ................  ................                33
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Bonilla (R-TX-23d)...........  Amistad National Recreation Area.................               418               250             4,500             5,168
                               Big Bend NP and Rio Grande W and S River.........               152                 0            40,300            40,452
                               Fort Davis National Historic Site................               236                 0                 0               236
                               Guadalupe Mountains NP...........................               168               952             3,100             4,220
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            50,076
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Borski, Robert (D-PA-3d).....  Independence National Historic Park..............               934                 0            97,500            98,434
                               Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial............                38                 0                 0                38
                               Edgar Allen Poe National Historic Site...........                22                 0                 0                22
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            98,494
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Boucher, Rick (D-VA-9th).....  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Shenandoah National Park.........................             1,695                 0            85,751            87,446
                               Blue Ridge Parkway...............................             9,245            11,797            25,800            46,842
                               Cumberland Gap National Historical Park..........               900                 0                 0               900
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           170,188
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Brewster, Bill (D-OK-3rd)....  Chickasaw National Recreation Area...............               388                 0            19,700            20,088
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            20,088
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Browder, Glen (D-AL-3rd).....  Horseshoe Bend National Military Park............                51                 0                 0                51
                               Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site........               159                 0                 0               159
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................               210
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Brown, Sherrod (D-OH-13th)...  Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area.........               600            43,500             4,500            48,600
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            48,600
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Byrne, Leslie (D-VA-11th)....  Prince William Forest Park.......................               632            20,750             9,709            31,091
                               Manassas National Battlefield Park...............               412            10,400             8,000            18,812
                               George Washington Memorial Parkway...............             2,693                 0            44,802            47,495
                               Wolf Trap Farm Park for the Performing Arts......               916                 0            38,320            39,236
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           136,634
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Cardin (D-MD-3rd)............  Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic                     239                 0             9,600             9,839
                                Shrine.                                                                                                                 
                               Baltimore-Washington Parkway.....................               179                 0                 0               179
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            10,018
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Clay, Bill (D-MO-1st)........  Jefferson National Expansion Memorial............             2,000             1,000            41,250            44,250
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            44,250
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Clement, Bob (D-TN-5th)......  Natchez Trace Parkway............................             4,505               124            52,900            57,529
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            57,529
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Clyburn, James (D-SC-6th)....  Congaree Swamp National Monument.................               224               996                 0             1,220
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             1,220
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Coble (R-NC-6th).............  Guilford Courthouse National Military Park.......               338                 0                 0               338
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................               338
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Coleman (D-TX-6th)...........  Chamizal National Memorial.......................               338                 0                 0               338
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................               338
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Combest (R-TX-19th)..........  Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument/Lake                  676                 0            44,100           44,776 
                                Meredith National Recreation Area.                                                                                      
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           44,776 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Cooper, Jim (D-TN-4th).......  Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area               743                 0                 0               743
                               Shiloh National Military Park....................               362                 0             4,607             4,969
                               Cumberland Gap National Historical Park..........               900                 0                 0               900
      Total shortfall........  Natchez Trace Parkway............................             4,505               124            52,900           57,529 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
                               .................................................  ................  ................  ................           64,141 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Costello, Jerry (D-IL-12th)..  Jefferson National Expansion Memorial............             2,000             1,000            41,250           44,250 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           44,250 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Cramer, Bud (D-AL-5th).......  Natchez Trace Parkway............................             4,505               124            52,900            57,259
                               Russell Cave National Monument...................                42                 0                 0               42 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           57,571 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Crapo (R-ID-2d)..............  City of Rocks National Reserve...................                 0             1,597            19,300            20,897
                               Craters of the Moon National Monument............                98                 0             4,500             4,598
                               Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument...........                38                 0            14,000            14,038
                               Yellowstone NP...................................             5,814                 0           324,930          330,744 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................          370,277 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Darden (D-GA-7th)............  Kennesaw Mountain NBP............................               138                 0                 0              138 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................              138 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Deal, Nathan (D-GA-9th)......  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area.....             1,002            20,255             3,238            24,495
                               Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military                   188                 0            46,292           46,480 
                                Park.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................          105,975 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
de Lugo, Ron (Del-VI)........  Buck Island Reef National Monument...............                89                 0                 0                89
                               Christiansted National Historic Site.............               358                 0                 0               358
                               Salt River Bay NHP and Ecological Preserve.......                 0            16,850                 0            16,850
                               Virgin Islands NP................................               656            47,330                 0           47,986 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           65,283 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Derrick, Butler (D-SC-3d)....  Ninety Six National Historic Site................                13                 0                 0                13
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................                13
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Deutsch (D-FL-20th)..........  Biscayne NP......................................             1,458               272                 0             1,730
                               Forth Jefferson National Monument................               303                 0                 0               303
                               Dry Tortugas NP..................................                 0                 0            12,000            12,000
                               Everglades NP....................................             2,618                50            96,400            99,068
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           113,101
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Dickey, Jay (R-AR-4th).......  Hot Springs NP...................................             1,053             2,127            16,900            20,080
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           20,080 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Dicks (D-WA-6th).............  Olympic NP.......................................             1,160            23,035            53,300            77,495
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            77,495
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Doolittle, John (R-CA-4th)...  Yosemite NP......................................             9,465            63,924           330,120           403,509
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           403,509
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Duncan, John (R-TN-2d).......  Great Smoky Mountains NP.........................             3,912               480            34,000            38,392
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            38,392
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Dunn (R-WA-8th)..............  Mount Rainier National Park......................             1,250                 0            65,300            66,550
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            66,550
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Emerson, Bill (R-MO-8th).....  Ozark National Scenic Riverways..................               839               498            24,754            26,091
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            26,091
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Engel, (D-NY-17th)...........  Saint Paul's Church National Historic Site.......                49                 0                 0                49
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................                49
                                                                                 =======================================================================
English, Karan (D-AZ-6th)....  Canyon de Chelly National Monument...............               202                 0             7,500             7,702
                               Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site......                32                 0             3,200             3,232
                               Casa Grande National Monument/Hohokam Pima                       63                 0                 0                63
                                National Monument.                                                                                                      
                               Glenn Canyon National Recreation Area/Rainbow                 5,368                 0            25,807            31,175
                                Bridge National Monument.                                                                                               
                               Navajo National Monument.........................                41                 0             1,200             1,241
                               Petrified Forest NP..............................               722                 0                 0               722
                               Tonto National Monument..........................                67                 0                 0                67
                               Walnut Canyon National Monument/Wupatki National                604               180             7,500             8,284
                                Monument/Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument.                                                                       
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            52,486
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Faleomavaega (Del-AS)........  National Park of American Samoa..................               753                 0                 0               753
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................               753
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Farr, Sam (D-CA-17th)........  Pinnacles National Monument......................               606                50                 0               656
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................               656
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Fazio, Vic (D-CA-3d).........  Lassen Volcanic NP...............................               440             1,355            17,030            18,825
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             18825
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Fingerhut, (D-OH-19th).......  James A. Garfield National Historic Site.........                 0                 0             6,090             6,090
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             6,090
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Fish, (R-NY-19th)............  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            35,000
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Foley, Tom (D-WA-5th)........  Coulee Dam National Recreation Area..............               716                 0             3,700             4,416
                               Whitman Mission National Historic Site...........                17                 0                 0                17
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             4,433
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Fowler, Tillie (R-FL-4th)....  Castillo de San Marcos National Monument/Fort                   423                 0             5,000             5,423
                                Matanzas National Monument.                                                                                             
                               Fort Caroline National Memorial..................                32                50                 0                82
                               Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve........                 0             8,538                 0             8,538
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            14,043
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Frank (D-MA-4th).............  Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site.....               400                 0                 0               400
                               John F. Kennedy National Historic Site...........               128                 0                 0               128
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................               528
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Franks, Gary (R-CT-5th)......  Weir Farm National Historic Site.................               250               520            12,306            13,076
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            13,076
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Furse (D-OR-1st).............  Fort Clatsop National Memorial...................                52                 0                 0                52
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................                52
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Gallegly (R-CA-23d)..........  Channel Islands NP...............................             3,324             5,000             2,882            11,206
                               Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area..             4,080           102,131             1,310           107,521
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           118,727
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Gallo, Dean (R-NJ-11th)......  Morristown National Historical Park..............               430                 0             1,598             2,028
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             2,028
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Gekas (R-PA-17th)............  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            35,000
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Gephardt (D-MO-3d)...........  Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site..........               148                 0             5,195             5,343
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             5,343
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Gilchrest (R-MD-1st).........  Assateague Island National Seashore..............               870             3,076            30,502            34,448
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            34,448
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Gillmor, Paul (R-OH-5th).....  Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial.               109                 0            11,380            11,489
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            11,489
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Gilman (R-NY-20th)...........  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River.....               999               391            14,500            15,890
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            50,890
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Gingrich (R-GA-6th)..........  Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area.....             1,002            20,255             3,238            24,495
                               Kennesaw Mountain NBP............................               138                 0                 0               138
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            24,633
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Goodlatte (R-VA-6th).........  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Blue Ridge Parkway...............................             9,245            11,797            25,800            46,842
                               Shenandoah NP....................................             1,695                 0            85,751            87,446
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           169,288
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Goodling (R-PA-19th).........  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Eisenhower National Historic Site................               587                 0             8,000             8,587
                               Gettysburg National Military Park................             2,782            11,565            15,358            29,705
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            73,292
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Gordon, Bart (D-TN-6th)......  Natchez Trace Parkway............................             4,505               124            52,900            57,529
                               Stones River NB..................................               400            13,305                 0            13,705
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            71,234
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Goss, (R-FL-14th)............  Big Cypress National Preserve....................             1,260           109,000                 0           110,260
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           110,260
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Grams, Rod (R-MN-6th)........  Lower Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway/Saint                369               557                 0               926
                                Croix National Scenic Riverway.                                                                                         
                               Mississippi National River and Recreation Area...             1,200                 0            12,346           13,546 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           14,472 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Gunderson (R-WI-3d)..........  Lower Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway/St.                  369               557                 0              926 
                                Croix National Scenic Riverway.                                                                                         
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................              926 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Hall, Tony (D-OH-3d).........  Dayton Aviation Heritage NHP.....................             1,000               200             4,118            5,318 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            5,318 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Hamburg, Dan (D-CA-1st)......  Redwood NP.......................................             1,476             5,046                 0            6,522 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            6,522 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Hamilton, Lee (D-IN-9th).....  Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial................                84                 0             1,450            1,534 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            1,534 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Hancock, Mel (R-MO-7th)......  George Washington Carver National Monument.......                86                 0                 0                86
                               Wilson's Creek NB................................               623                 0             1,400            2,023 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            2,109 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Hansen, Jim (R-UT-1st).......  Cedar Breaks National Monument...................                24                 0                 0                24
                               Golden Spike National Historic Site..............                 8               166                 0              174 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Zion National Park...............................             1,670             1,593            23,195           26,458 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           26,656 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Hayes, James (D-LA-7th)......  Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and                       875               484             5,800            7,159 
                                Preserve.                                                                                                               
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            7,159 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Hefley, Joel (R-CO-5th)......  Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument.........                74                 0             8,922            8,996 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            8,996 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Herger, Wally (R-CA-2d)......  Lassen Volcanic NP...............................               440             1,355            17,030           18,825 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity National Recreation                1,392               325                 0            1,717 
                                Area.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Lava Beds National Monument......................               353                 0             5,895            6,248 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           26,790 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Hinchey (D-NY-26th)..........  Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River.....               999               391            14,500           15,890 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           15,890 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Hobson (R-OH-7th)............  Dayton Aviation Heritage NHP.....................             1,000               200             4,118             5,318
                               Hopewell Culture NHP.............................               234             4,000             2,000            6,234 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           10,352 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Hochbrueckner (D-NY-1st).....  Fire Island National Seashore....................             1,477            21,362             8,000           30,839 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           30,839 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Hoke (R-OH-10th).............  Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area.........               600            43,500             4,500            48,600
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            48,600
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Holden, Tim (D-PA-6th).......  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site..........               416                 0             5,000             5,416
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            40,416
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Hoyer, Steny (D-MD-5th)......  Baltimore-Washington Parkway.....................               179                 0                 0               179
                               Greenbelt Park...................................               178                 0                 0               178
                               Thomas Stone National Historic Site..............               306               130             5,900             6,336
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             6,693
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Huffington (R-CA-22d)........  Channel Islands NP...............................             3,324             5,000             2,882            11,206
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            11,206
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Hutchinson (R-AR-3d).........  Buffalo National River...........................               478               242            18,700            19,420
                               Fort Smith National Historic Site................                54                 0             4,900             4,954
                               Pea Ridge National Military Park.................               267                 0             2,750             3,017
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            27,391
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Hutto, Earl (D-FL-1st).......  Gulf Islands National Seashore...................             1,309               810                 0             2,119
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             2,119
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Inglis (R-SC-4th)............  Cowpens National Battlefield.....................                32                 0                 0                32
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................                32
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Inslee, Jay (D-WA-4th).......  Coulee Dam National Recreation Area..............               716                 0             3,700             4,416
                               Lake Chelan National Recreation Area/North                    1,578            15,119            14,100            30,797
                                Cascades NP/Ross Lake National Recreation Area.                                                                         
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            35,213
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Jefferson (D-LA-2d)..........  Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and                       875               484             5,800             7,159
                                Preserve.                                                                                                               
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             7,159
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Johnson, Nancy (R-CT-6th)....  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            35,000
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Johnson, Tim (D-SD-All)......  Badlands NP......................................               276               151            15,700            16,127
                               Jewel Cave National Monument.....................               133                 0                 0               133
                               Niobrara/Missouri National Recreational River....                 0                 0                 0                 0
                               Mount Rushmore National Memorial.................               458                 0            10,000            10,458
                               Wind Cave NP.....................................               222                 0             1,179             1,401
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            28,119
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Kanjorski (D-PA-11th)........  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            35,000
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Kennedy, Joe (D-MA-8th)......  Boston African American National Historic Site...               196                 0             2,000             2,196
                               Boston National Historical Park..................             1,096                 0            16,916            18,012
                               Longfellow National Historic Site................               184                 0                 0               184
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            20,392
                                                                                 =======================================================================
King, Peter (R-NY-3d)........  Sagamore Hill National Historic Site.............               267                 0                 0               267
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................               267
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Kingston, Jack (R-GA-1st)....  Cumberland Island National Seashore..............               386            14,624             2,912            17,922
                               Fort Frederica National Monument.................                82               230                 0               312
                               Fort Pulaski National Monument...................                79                 0                 0                79
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            18,313
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Klein, Herb (D-NJ-8th).......  Edison National Historic Site....................               189                 0            27,000            27,189
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            27,189
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Kolbe, Jim (R-AZ-5th)........  Chiricahua National Monument/Fort Bowie National                142                17                 0               159
                                Historic Site.                                                                                                          
                               Coronado National Memorial.......................                60               200                 0               260
                               Saguaro National Monument........................               387            49,600                 0            49,987
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            50,406
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Lambert (D-AR-1st)...........  Arkansas Post National Memorial..................                 9                 0             1,000             1,009
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             1,009
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Lancaster (D-NC-3d)..........  Cape Hatteras National Seashore/Fort Raleigh                  1,095            18,310            25,275            44,680
                                National Historic Site/Wright Brothers National                                                                         
                                Memorial.                                                                                                               
                               Cape Lookout National Seashore...................               271                50                 0               321
                               Moores Creek NB..................................                50                 0                 0                50
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            45,051
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Lantos, Tom (D-CA-12th)......  Golden Gate National Recreation Area.............             5,659            69,234            27,903           102,796
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           102,796
                                                                                 =======================================================================
LaRocco, Larry (D-ID-1st)....  Nez Perce National Historical Park...............               300             1,500             7,000             8,800
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             8,800
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Laughlin (D-TX-14th).........  Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park.......               406             2,266             5,000             7,672
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             7,672
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Lazio, Rick (R-NY-2d)........  Fire Island National Seashore....................             1,477            21,362             8,000            30,839
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            30,839
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Leach, James (R-IA-1st)......  Herbert Hoover National Historic Site............               241                 0             3,900             4,141
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             4,141
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Lehman, (D-CA-19th)..........  Yosemite NP......................................             9,465            63,924           330,120           403,509
                               Sequoia NP/Kings Canyon NP/Devils Postpile                      896             3,120           198,030           202,046
                                National Monument.                                                                                                      
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           605,555
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Lewis, Jerry (R-CA-40th).....  Joshua Tree National Monument....................             1,134             3,326            22,532            26,992
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Death Valley National Monument...................             2,635            14,881            35,632            53,148
                               Mansanar National Historic Site..................               300                 0             4,000             4,300
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            84,440
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Lewis, John (D-GA-5th).......  Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area.....             1,002            20,255             3,238            24,495
                               Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historical Site.               340             1,160                 0             1,500
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            25,995
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Lewis, Ron (R-KY-2d).........  Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Site                70                 0                 0                70
                               Mammoth Cave NP..................................             1,239                 0             8,101             9,340
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             9,410
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Livingston (R-LA-1st)........  Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and                       875               484             5,800             7,159
                                Preserve.                                                                                                               
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             7,159
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Lloyd, Marilyn (D-TN-3d).....  Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military                   188                 0            46,292            46,480
                                Park.                                                                                                                   
                               Obed W and S River...............................                90               984                 0             1,074
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            47,554
                                                                                 =======================================================================
McCandless (R-CA-44th).......  Joshua Tree National Monument....................             1,134             3,326            22,532            26,992
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            26,992
                                                                                 =======================================================================
McCloskey (D-IN-8th).........  George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.....                20                 0             1,300             1,320
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             1,320
                                                                                 =======================================================================
McCrery, Jim (R-LA-5th)......  Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and                       875               484             5,800             7,159
                                Preserve.                                                                                                               
                               Poverty Point National Monument..................                 0                 0                 0                 0
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             7,150
                                                                                 =======================================================================
McDade, Joe (R-PA-10th)......  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area......             2,598             7,517           147,600           157,715
                               Steamtown National Historic Site.................             3,000                 0                 0             3,000
                               Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River.....               999               391            14,500            15,890
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           211,605
                                                                                 =======================================================================
McDermott (D-WA-7th).........  Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park......                48                 0             1,331             1,379
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             1,379
                                                                                 =======================================================================
McHale, (D-PA-15th)..........  Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area......             2,598             7,517           147,600           157,715
                               Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           192,715
                                                                                 =======================================================================
McInnis, Scott (R-CO-3d).....  Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument...                95                96                 0               191
                               Colorado National Monument.......................               129                 0                 0               129
                               Curecanti National Recreation Area...............               407                 0             1,441             1,848
                               Dinosaur National Monument.......................             1,267               859            11,310            13,436
                               Great Sand Dunes National Monument...............               178               449             2,227             2,854
                               Hovenweep National Monument......................                25                 0                 0                25
                               Rocky Mountain NP................................             1,597             5,385            33,828            40,810
                               Mesa Verde NP/Yucca House National Monument......               259                96            35,285            35,640
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            94,933
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Machtley (R-RI-1st)..........  Roger Williams National Memorial.................                99                 0                 0                99
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................                99
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Maloney (D-NY-14th)..........  Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic                 146                 0            10,900            11,046
                                Park.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            11,046
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Mann, (D-OH-1st).............  William Howard Taft National Historic Site.......                42                 0             1,500             1,542
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             1,542
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Margolies-Mezvinsky, Marjorie  Valley Forge National Historical Park............               826            15,415            11,000            27,241
 (D-PA-13th).                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            27,241
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Markey, Ed (D-MA-7th)........  Minute Man National Historical Park..............               258            19,680            15,177            35,115
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            35,115
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Meehan (D-MA-5th)............  Minute Man National Historical Park..............               258            19,680            15,177            35,115
                               Lowell National Historical Park..................             1,277            10,100               688           12,065 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            47,180
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Menendez (D-NJ-13th).........  Ellis Island.....................................             2,900                 0                 0             2,900
                               Statue of Liberty National Monument..............               589                 0            12,400            12,889
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            15,889
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Mfume, (D-MD-7th)............  Baltimore-Washington Parkway.....................               179                 0                 0               179
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................               179
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Michel, (R-IL-18th)..........  Lincoln Home National Historic Site..............                80                 0             2,620             2,700
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             2,700
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Miller, Dan (R-FL-13th)......  De Soto National Memorial........................                90                 0                 0                90
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................                90
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Minge, David (D-MN-2d).......  Pipestone National Monument......................                81                 0                 0                81
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................                81
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Mink, Patsy (D-HI-2d)........  Haleakala NP.....................................             1,087             7,040             6,026            14,153
                               Hawaii Volcanoes NP..............................             2,020            14,900                 0            16,920
                               Kalaupapa National Historical Park...............               992               450                 0             1,442
                               Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park........               473            18,250                 0            18,723
                               Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park....               189                 0             2,882             3,071
                               Puukohola Heiau National Historical Site.........                29                 0             1,572            1,601 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           55,910 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
Moakley (D-MA-9th)...........  Boston National Historical Park..................             1,096                 0            16,916            18,012
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           18,012 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Molinari (R-NY-13th).........  Gateway National Recreation Area (Staten -Island)             4,843            47,000           225,030           276,873
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           276,873
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Mollohan (D-WV-1st)..........  Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical                 2,067           114,856            35,325           152,248
                                Park.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           152,248
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Montgomery (D-MS-13th).......  Natchez Trace Parkway............................             4,505               124            52,900            57,529
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            57,529
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Moran, James (D-VA-8th)......  George Washington Memorial Parkway...............             2,693                 0            44,802            47,495
                               Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail...........                 0                 0                 0                 0
                               Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial......                 0                 0                 0                 0
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            47,495
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Morella (R-MD-8th)...........  Chesapeake & Ohio Canal National Historical Park.             2,067           114,856            35,325           152,248
                               Clara Barton National Historic Site..............                 0                 0                 0                 0
                               George Washington Memorial Parkway...............             2,693                 0            44,802            47,495
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           199,734
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Murphy (D-PA-20th)...........  Fort Necessity NB................................               136                 0            10,020            10,156
                               Friendship Hill National Historic Site...........               200                 0                 0               200
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            10,356
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Murtha, John (D-PA-12th).....  Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site               173             5,267             9,800            15,240
                               Johnstown Flood National Memorial................                55             2,600                 0             2,655
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            17,895
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Nadler (D-NY-8th)............  Castle Clinton National Monumental...............               155                 0            21,700            21,855
                               Ellis Island.....................................             2,900                 0                 0             2,900
                               Federak Hall National Memorial...................               195                 0             8,420             8,615
                               General Grant National Memorial..................               268                 0                 0               268
                               Statue of Liberty National Monument..............               589                 0            12,400            12,989
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            46,627
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Neal, Richard (D-MA-2d)......  Springfield Armory National Historic Site........                90                 0                 0                90
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................                90
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Neal, Stephen (D-NC-5th).....  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Blue Ridge Parkway...............................             9,245            11,797            25,800           46,842 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           81,842 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Norton, (D-DC-All)...........  Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical                 2,067           114,856            35,325           152,248
                                Park.                                                                                                                   
                               Ford's Theatre National Historic Site............                71                 0                 0                71
                               George Washington Memorial Parkway...............             2,693                 0            44,802            47,495
                               National Capital Parks--Central..................             2,335                 0           138,060           140,395
                               Frederick Douglas National Historic Site.........                 0                 0                 0                 0
                               Mary McLeod Bethune Council House National                      500               694             1,500             2,694
                                Historic Site.                                                                                                          
                               National Capital Parks--East.....................             2,491                 0            11,117            13,608
                               Rock Creek Park..................................             1,677                 0            14,266            15,943
                               White House......................................               748                 0                 0              748 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................          373,202 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Nussle, Jim (R-IA-2d)........  Effigy Mounds National Monument..................                65                 0                 0               65 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................               65 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Oberstar (D-MN-8th)..........  Grand Portage National Monument..................                36                 0             3,650             3,686
                               Lower Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway/Saint                369               557                 0               926
                                Croix National Scenic Riverway.                                                                                         
                               Voyageurs NP.....................................             1,758             9,995             3,865           15,618 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           20,230 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Obey, David (D-WI-7th).......  Apostle Islands National Lakeshore...............               752                 0             3,865             4,617
                               Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway/Lower Saint                369               557                 0              926 
                                Croix National Scenic Riverway.                                                                                         
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            5,543 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Olver, John (D-MA-1st).......  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0           35,000 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           35,000 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Ortiz (D-TX-27th)............  Padre Island National Seashore...................                 0             4,318             3,600             7,918
                               Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Site.....               700             6,000             8,000           14,700 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           22,618 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Orton, Bill (D-UT-3d)........  Arches NP........................................               198                 0                 0               198
                               Bryce Canyon NP..................................               643                 4            21,917            22,564
                               Canyonlands NP...................................             1,146                 0                 0             1,146
                               Capitol Reef NP..................................               222                 1                 0               223
                               Glen Canyon National Recreation Area/Rainbow                  5,368                 0            25,807            31,175
                                Bridge National Monument.                                                                                               
                               Dinosaur National Monument.......................             1,267               859            11,310            13,436
                               Hovenweep National Monument......................                25                 0                 0                25
                               Zion National Park...............................             1,670             1,593            23,195            26,458
                               Natural Bridges National Monument................                44                 0                 0                44
                               Timpanogos Cave National Monument................               230                 0             5,923            6,153 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................          101,422 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Pallone, Frank (D-NJ-6th)....  Gateway National Recreation Area (Sandy Hook)....             4,843            47,000           225,030          276,873 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................          276,873 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Parker, Mike (D-MS-4th)......  Natchez National Historical Park.................               188             1,908                 0             2,096
                               Natchez Trace Parkway............................             4,505               124            52,900           57,529 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           59,625 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Pastor, Ed (D-AZ-2d).........  Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument..............               823             2,650                 0             3,473
                               Tumacacori National Historical Park..............                47               262                 0              309 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            3,782 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Paxon, Bill (R-NY-27th)......  Women's Rights National Historical Park..........               137                 0                 0              137 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................              137 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Payne, Donald (D-NJ-24th)....  Edison National Historic Site....................               189                 0            27,000           27,189 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           27,189 
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Payne, Lewis (D-VA-5th)......  Appomattox Court House National Historical Park..               363                 9                 0               372
                               Blue Ridge Parkway...............................             9,245            11,797            25,800            46,842
                               Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Booker T. Washington National Monument...........                72                 0             1,519             1,591
                               Shenandoah NP....................................             1,695                 0            85,751           87,446 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           172,251
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Pelosi, Nancy (D-CA-8th).....  Golden Gate National Recreation Area.............             5,659            69,234            27,903           102,796
                               Fort Point National Historic Site................               138                 0                 0               138
                               San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park..             1,173                 0            17,292           18,465 
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           121,399
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Pickett, Owen (D-VA-2d)......  Colonial National Historical Park................               818                50            66,383            67,251
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            67,251
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Pomeroy (D-ND-All)...........  Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site...                49                90               600               739
                               Knife River Indian Villages National Historic                    89               400             1,700             2,189
                                Site.                                                                                                                   
                               Theodore Roosevelt NP............................               398               233            10,900            11,531
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            14,459
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Quillen, Jimmy (R-TN-1st)....  Andrew Johnson National Historic Site............                31                 0                 0                31
                               Great Smoky Mountains National Park..............             3,912               480            34,000            38,392
                               Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            73,423
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Quinn, Jack (R-NY-30th)......  Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic                   17                 0            10,900            10,917
                                Site.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            10,917
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Rahall, Nick (D-WV-3d).......  New River Gorge National River...................               694            16,176            69,450            86,320
                               Gauley River National Recreation Area/Bluestone                   0             6,000                 0             6,000
                                National Scenic River.                                                                                                  
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            92,320
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Ramstad, Jim (R-MN-3d).......  Mississippi National River and Recreation Area...             1,200                 0            12,346            13,546
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            13,546
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Rangel (D-NY-15th)...........  Hamilton Grange National Memorial................               351                 0            10,900            11,251
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            11,251
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Ravenel (R-SC-1st)...........  Charles Pinckney National Historic Site..........               235                 0             2,000             2,235
                               Fort Sumter National Monument....................               250               190                 0               440
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             2,675
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Richardson (D-NM-3d).........  Aztec Ruins National Monument....................               323             2,481             3,900             6,704
                               Bandelier National Monument......................               508                 0            10,800            11,308
                               Capulin Volcano National Monument................                55                 0             1,500             1,555
                               Chaco Culture National Historical Park...........               318               235             9,900            10,453
                               El Morro National Monument.......................                99               213                 0               312
                               Fort Union National Monument.....................                81                11               600               692
                               Pecos National Historical Park...................                59             3,602             3,400             7,061
                               El Malpais National Monument.....................               141             3,871             4,600             8,612
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            46,697
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Roberts, Pat (R-KS-1st)......  Fort Larned National Historic Site...............                79                 0             6,076             6,155
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             6,155
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Roemer, Tim (D-IN-3d)........  Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore.................             3,500            54,462             5,800            63,762
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            63,762
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Rogers, Hal (R-KY-5th).......  Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area               743                 0                 0               743
                               Cumberland Gap National Historical Park..........               900                 0                 0               900
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             1,643
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Romero-Barcelo, Carlos (D-PR-  San Juan National Historic Site..................             1,158                 0                 0             1,158
 All).                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             1,158
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Roukema (R-NJ-5th)...........  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area......             2,598             7,517           147,600           157,715
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           192,715
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Sabo, Martin (D-MN-5th)......  Mississippi National River and Recreation Area...             1,200                 0            12,346            13,546
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            13,546
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Sanders (I-VT-All)...........  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Marsh-Billings NHP...............................               500                 0             2,500             3,000
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            38,000
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Sarpalius (D-TX-13th)........  Alibates Flint Quarries National Monumental/Lake                676                 0            44,100            44,776
                                Meredith National Recreation Area.                                                                                      
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            44,776
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Sawyer (D-OH-14th)...........  Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area.........               600            43,500             4,500            48,600
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            48,600
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Schenk, Lynn (D-CA-49th).....  Cabrillo National Monument.......................               202                 0                 0               202
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................               202
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Schiff, Steve (R-NM-1st).....  Petroglyph National Monument.....................             1,000            50,000            11,700            62,700
                               Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument........                58               138             7,000             7,196
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            69,896
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Schumer (D-NY-9th)...........  Gateway National Recreation Area.................             4,843            47,000           225,030           276,873
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           276,873
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Scott, Robert (D-VA-3d)......  Colonial National Historical Park................               818                50            66,383            67,251
                               Petersburg NB....................................             1,180             1,263            15,000            17,443
                               Richmond NBP.....................................               874                 0            23,800            24,674
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           109,368
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Shuster, Bud (R-PA-9th)......  Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site               173             5,267             9,800            15,240
                               Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            50,240
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Sisisky (D-VA-4th)...........  Petersburg NB....................................             1,180             1,263            15,000            17,443
                               Richmond NBP.....................................               874                 0            23,800            24,674
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            42,117
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Skaggs, David (D-CO-2d)......  Rocky Mountain NP................................             1,597             5,385            33,828            40,810
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            40,810
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Skeen, Joe (R-NM-2d).........  Carlsbad Caverns NP..............................               257                18             7,000             7,275
                               El Malpais National Monument.....................               141             3,871             4,600             8,612
                               Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument...........                26                 0                 0                26
                               White Sands National Monument....................                75                 0             3,300             3,375
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            19,288
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Slattery, Jim (D-KS-2d)......  Brown v. Board of Education NHS..................                 0               700             3,843             4,543
                               Fort Scott National Historic Site................               122                 0             1,037             1,159
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             5,702
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Smith, Lamar (R-TX-21st).....  Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park.......               406             2,266             5,000             7,672
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             7,672
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Smith, Bob (R-OR-2d).........  Crater Lake NP...................................             1,505                 0           121,700           123,205
                               JOhn Day Fossil Beds National Monument...........                32               465            12,000            12,497
                               Oregon Caves National Monument...................                51                 0                 0                51
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           135,753
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Snowe (R-ME-2d)..............  Acadia NP........................................             1,232            22,259            59,955            83,446
                               Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Saint Croix Island International Historic Site...                25                 0                 0                25
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           118,471
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Solomon (R-NY-22d)...........  Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site.........               174                 0                 0               174
                               Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic                 425                 0            17,375            17,800
                                Site.                                                                                                                   
                               Martin Van Buren National Historic Site..........                58                 0                 0                58
                               Saratoga National Historical Park................                34             1,540            15,239            16,813
                               Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site........               630                 0             6,840             7,470
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            42,315
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Spratt, John (D-SC-5th)......  Kings Mountain National Military Park............                92                 0                 0                92
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................                92
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Strickland (D-OH-6th)........  Hopewell Culture National Historic Park..........               234             4,000             2,000             6,234
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             6,234
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Studds (D-MA-10th)...........  Adams National Historic Site.....................               304                 0             3,100             3,404
                               Cape Cod National Seashore.......................               323            32,081            24,155            56,559
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            59,963
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Stump, Bob (R-AZ-3d).........  Grand Canyon NP..................................             3,989             1,530           131,992           137,511
                               Lake Mead National Recreation Area...............             5,290             1,526           202,657           209,473
                               Montezuma Castle National Monument/Tuzigoot                     284               101                 0               385
                                National Monument.                                                                                                      
                               Pipe Spring National Monument....................               124                 0                 0               124
                               Glen Canyon National Recreation Area/Rainbow                  5,368                 0            25,807            31,175
                                Bridge National Monument.                                                                                               
                               Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument/Wupatki                 604               180             7,500             8,284
                                National Monument/Walnut Canyon National                                                                                
                                Monument.                                                                                                               
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           386,952
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Stupak, Bart (D-MI-1st)......  Isle Royale NP...................................               334                 0             8,694             9,028
                               Keweenaw NHP.....................................               100             5,000            28,000            33,100
                               Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore................               268                 0            10,586            10,584
                               Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore...........               488                 0             1,846             2,334
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            55,316
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Sundquist (R-TN-7th).........  Natchez Trace Parkway............................             4,505               124            52,900            57,529
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            57,529
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Swett, Dick (D-NH-2d)........  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site.............                44               320             7,365             7,729
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            42,729
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Swift, Al (D-WA-2d)..........  Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve.......                 0             8,494                 0             8,494
                               North Cascades NP/Lake Chelan National Recreation             1,578            15,119            14,100            30,797
                                Area/Ross Lake National Recreation Area.                                                                                
                               San Juan Island National Historical Park.........                68                 0                 0                68
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            39,359
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Synar (D-OK-2d)..............  Fort Smith National Historic Site................                54                 0             4,900             4,954
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             4,954
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Tanner, John (D-TN-8th.......  Fort Donelson NB.................................               221                43                 0               264
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................               264
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Tauzin, Billy (D-LA-3d)......  Jean Lafitte National Historic Park and Preserve.               875               484             5,800             7,159
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             7,159
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Taylor, Charles (R-NC-1st)...  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Blue Ridge Parkway...............................             9,245            11,797            25,800            46,842
                               Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site........               287                 0                 0               287
                               Great Smoky Mountains NP.........................             3,912               480            34,000            38,392
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           120,521
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Taylor, Gene (D-MS-5th)......  Gulf Islands National Seashore...................             1,309               810                 0             2,119
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             2,119
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Tejeda (D-TX-28th)...........  San Antonio Missions National Historic Park......               220             3,677             9,600            13,497
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            13,497
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Thomas, Bill (R-CA-21st).....  Sequoia NP/Kings Canyon NP/Devils Postpile                      896             3,120           198,030           202,046
                                National Monument.                                                                                                      
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           202,046
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Thomas, Craig (R-WY-All).....  Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area..........               432               620               212             1,264
                               Devils Tower National Monument...................               531                 0                 0               531
                               Fort Laramie National Historic Site..............                75                 2                 0                77
                               Fossil Butte National Monument...................                89                 0                 0                89
                               Grand Teton NP...................................             2,864            21,775            64,530            89,169
                               John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Memorial Pkwy..........               294                 0            13,604            13,898
                               Yellowstone NP...................................             5,814                 0           324,930           330,744
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           435,772
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Thompson (D-MS-2d)...........  Vicksburg National Military Park.................               156                 0             2,355             2,511
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             2,511
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Torkildsen (R-MA-6th)........  Salem Maritime National Historic Site............               814               350            13,110            14,274
                               Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site.........               156                 0             2,000             2,156
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            16,430
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Towns (D-NY-10th)............  Gateway National Recreation Area (Jamaica Bay and             4,843            47,000           225,030           276,873
                                Breezy Point).                                                                                                          
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           276,873
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Underwood (Del-GU-All).......  War in the Pacific National Historical Park......               971             8,140             7,500            16,611
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            16,611
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Unsoeld (D-WA-3d)............  Fort Vancouver National Historic Site............                86                 0                 0                86
                               Mount Rainier NP.................................             1,250                 0            65,300            66,550
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            66,636
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Vento, Bruce (D-MN-4th)......  Mississippi National River and Recreation Area...             1,200                 0            12,346            13,546
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            13,546
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Visclosky (D-IN-1st).........  Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore.................             3,500            54,462             5,800            63,762
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            63,762
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Vucanovich (R-NV-2d).........  Death Valley National Monument...................             2,635            14,881            35,632            53,148
                               Great Basin NP...................................               604                 0                 0               604
                               Lake Mead National Recreation Area...............             5,290             1,526           202,657           209,473
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           263,225
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Walker, Bob (R-PA-16th)......  Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site..........               416                 0             5,000             5,416
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             5,416
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Waxman (D-CA-29th)...........  Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area..             4,080           102,131             1,310           107,521
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................           107,521
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Weldon, Curt (R-PA-7th)......  Valley Forge National Historical Park............               826            15,415            11,000            27,241
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            27,241
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Wheat, Alan (D-MO-5th).......  Harry S Truman National Historic Site............               355                 0             1,009             1,364
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................             1,364
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Whitten (D-MS-1st)...........  Natchez Trace Parkway............................             4,505               124            52,900            57,529
                               Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield Site.....                 0                 0                 0                 0
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................  ................  ................  ................            57,529
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Williams, Pat (D-MT-All).....  Big Hole NB......................................                33                 0                 0                33
                               Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area..........               432               620               212             1,264
                               Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site...                49                90               600               739
                               Glacier NP.......................................             2,022            10,089            54,299            66,410
                               Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site.........                62                94                 0               156
                               Little Bighorn Battlefield NM....................                 0                 0               750               750
                               Yellowstone NP...................................             5,814                 0           324,930           330,744
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................                                                                 440,096
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Wilson (D-TX-2d).............  Big Thicket National Preserve....................               379             6,000            19,500            25,879
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................                                                                  25,879
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Wise, Robert (D-WV-2d).......  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical                 2,067           114,856            35,325           152,248
                                Park.                                                                                                                   
                               Harpers Ferry National Historical Park...........               328             2,585            38,928            41,841
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................                                                                 229,089
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Wolf, Frank (R-VA-10th)......  Appalachian NST..................................                 0            35,000                 0            35,000
                               Harpers Ferry National Historical Park...........               328             2,585            38,928            41,841
                               Manassas NBP.....................................               412            10,400             8,000            18,812
                               Prince William Forest Park.......................               632            20,750             9,709            31,091
                               Shenandoah NP....................................             1,695                 0            85,751            87,446
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................                                                                 214,190
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Woolsey, Lynn (D-CA-6th).....  Golden Gate National Recreation Area.............             5,659            69,234            27,903           102,796
                               Muir Woods National Monument.....................               211                 0                 0               211
                               Point Reyes National Seashore....................             1,027            15,622                 0            16,649
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................                                                                 119,656
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Wynn, Albert (D-MD-4th)......  Baltimore-Washington Pkwy........................               179                 0                 0               179
                               National Capital Parks--East.....................             2,491                 0            11,117            13,608
                               Piscataway Park..................................               128               580                 0               708
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................                                                                  14,495
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Young, Don (R-AK-All)........  Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve.........                95                 0                 0                95
                               Bering Land Bridge National Preserve.............               662                 0             5,564             6,226
                               Cape Krusenstern National Monument...............               201                 0                 0               201
                               Denali NP and Preserve...........................               992                 0            18,307            19,299
                               Gates of the Arctic NP and Preserve..............               716                 1                 0               717
                               Glacier Bay NP and Preserve......................               673                 0            19,354            20,027
                               Katmai NP and Preserve...........................               929                63            20,638            21,630
                               Kenai Fjords NP..................................               495                 0            10,459            10,954
                               Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park......               161                 0             1,331             1,492
                               Kobuk Valley NP..................................                29                 0                 0                29
                               Lake Clark NP and Preserve.......................               329                 0             6,939             7,268
                               Noatak National Preserve.........................               120                 0                 0               120
                               Sitka National Historical Park...................                49                70             4,355             4,474
                               Wrangell-St. Elias NP and Preserve...............               899                 0            15,223            16,122
                               Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve...........               309                 0             3,181             3,490
                               Statewide Park...................................                 0                 0            59,867            59,867
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................                                                                 172,011
                                                                                 =======================================================================
Zimmer, Dick (R-NJ-12th).....  Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area......             2,598             7,517           147,600           157,715
                                                                                 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total shortfall........  .................................................                                                                157,715 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Mr. McCANDLESS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?
  Mr. POMBO. I yield to the gentleman from California.
  Mr. McCANDLESS. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding.
  Mr. Chairman, I tried to rush through my statement as rapidly as 
possible and in so doing I would not consider it to be an eloquent 
presentation. I want to stress a couple of points here because of the 
importance of this amendment and what it indicates. As I tried to point 
out in my statement, this bill will put a national park out in the 
middle of the desert without the amenities and the necessary facilities 
that people who visit national parks expect. We will then have these 
people running around trying to find what they can in the way of a 
camping location, travel through the system, and all the other things 
which are already structured in a national park such as Yosemite, 
Yellowstone, the Everglades, or some of the others. So now you have a 
station wagon full of people who have no direction, who in many cases 
have never been in the desert before but because out on the freeway, 
out on an interstate you have a sign that says National Park, they have 
then become unintentionally, part of the very thing that we are trying 
to avoid here and, that is, the deterioration of the natural habitat 
because of a lack of facilities to be able to handle these people, in 
accordance with what we have now presented to the public on an 
interstate as a national park.
  Mr. Chairman, this aspect has nothing to do with the infrastructure 
and the private property that is ultimately going to have to be 
purchased by the Federal Government. It deals with the day-to-day nuts 
and bolts of what we create in the way of an attraction. A national 
park listed in any magazine, in any kind of periodical, and somebody 
who is going from point A to point B on their vacation, or for other 
reasons is going to say, ``Let's stop off and take a look at this new 
national park,'' expecting these facilities, these amenities. They are 
not there and we are going to have problems because these people do not 
understand what the desert is all about, and there will be no way of 
explaining it to them.
  Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?
  Mr. POMBO. I yield to the gentleman from California.
  Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate my colleague 
yielding.
  I ask for this time if I could enter into a colloquy with the 
chairman of the subcommittee, the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. Vento].
  I know of the great expertise in this field of the gentleman from 
Minnesota [Mr. Vento]. He has spent years looking at the problems of 
the parks. We all recognize that. I wonder if maybe he has developed 
some answers relative to how we handle these very difficult 
expenditures that are required that is not apparent to any of us. For 
example, in the Death Valley National Monument, there presently is a 
$24 million backlog in just the housing facilities that are needed 
there. Secretary Babbitt has refused to respond to our letters 
regarding that.
  Mr. VENTO. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?
  Mr. POMBO. I yield to the gentleman from Minnesota.
  Mr. VENTO. Mr. Chairman, I think the housing issue is a separate 
issue with the Park Service. Frankly as I have spoken earlier on the 
floor, BLM nationwide has 200 units of housing. The Park Service has 
over 4,000. I think there are some problems.
  If the gentleman would continue to yield to me, the point being that 
the housing policies of the Park Service I think are something that has 
been eclipsed by where we are today as opposed to 1960 and we may not 
need all the housing that is being proposed. Some remote areas do need 
housing. Clearly there are a number of projects in terms of private-
public sector trying to provide the opportunities in the communities 
around, rather than in the park either for concessionaires or 
employees.
  Mr. POMBO. Mr. Chairman, reclaiming my time, I yield to the gentleman 
from California.
  Mr. LEWIS of California. The chairman of the subcommittee has 
essentially said, we will kind of worry about that housing later.
  Mr. VENTO. If the gentleman would yield further, that is not what I 
said.
  Mr. LEWIS of California. If the gentleman would yield further, I 
would suggest that the chairman implies at least that BLM is in some 
way involved. The Park Service runs the national monument.

  Mr. VENTO. If the gentleman would yield further. The Park Service has 
4,000 units. The BLM has 200 nationwide.
  Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman would 
continue to yield, it is very apparent that the chairman wants to 
essentially sidestep this whole question. If a park is made out of the 
national monument currently in Death Valley, it will not just have the 
problems that are outstanding already. The Secretary has suggested we 
will need at least 70 additional personnel. There is no indication 
whatsoever how we are going to pay for those personnel. The extension 
of complications relative to housing, I mentioned earlier that we have 
been over 120 degrees for a recordbreaking time out there and these 
people are living in metal crates. Indeed, this kind of lack of 
responsiveness to the real needs of the Park Service is affecting us 
negatively across the country and the Members should know that.
  Mr. HERGER. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last word, and I yield 
to the gentleman from California [Mr. Lewis].
  Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate very much my 
colleague yielding.
  Mr. Chairman, the point that I want to make involves a couple of 
things. First, it is astonishing to me with as relatively as little 
time as we have left on this bill, that the chairman of the committee 
has chosen to readopt the style which is roll over the people who 
represent the desert and not allow people to talk even for 2 minutes 
beyond their normal time in this process. But above and beyond that, 
for this committee to be so blithe about the very real living 
circumstances of members of our Park Service who are living in 
conditions that have been described by the Secretary as totally 
unacceptable and to suggest that we could expand these parks when they 
are already operating reasonably well as monuments without worrying 
about those additional personnel and expenses is not acceptable and 
Members should know that every dime in the future that goes to these 
new parks is going to be taken from their parks across the country, 
throughout the States, throughout America.
  Mr. POMBO. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?
  Mr. HERGER. I yield to the gentleman from California.
  Mr. POMBO. I would just like to make one point. It was mentioned in 
earlier debate that we get $1 billion a year to spend on new parks, new 
national parks. Passed out of committee, out of the Committee on 
Natural Resources so far this year is $3.95 billion in acquisition of 
new parks, including $1.2 billion for the Presidio, the Six River 
Forest at $1 billion and the California desert protection bill at $1.2 
billion as passed by committee.
  Mr. CALVERT. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?
  Mr. HERGER. I yield to the gentleman from California.
  Mr. CALVERT. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding.
  I would just like to say the numbers that have been presented are 
numbers not only provided by the National Park Service but also the OMB 
have in fact confirmed that these shortfalls are in fact there. This is 
a serious amendment. We just do not have the money to manage our Park 
System the way we all would like to see it managed. We have shortfalls 
in employees at the parks. We have shortfalls in land acquisitions. We 
are just in terrible, terrible shape. As far as the land and water 
conservation fund, that is an appropriation problem unfortunately that 
hopefully we can all work together to get resolved. What we are saying, 
if we can get that problem resolved, then we could go ahead and move 
forward to acquire the property that is necessary to in fact move 
toward the acquisition of the land in the desert.

                              {time}  1120

  Mr. HERGER. Mr. Chairman, I do appreciate the comments. I have in my 
northern California district seven national parks. One of them, Lasson 
National Park, is the only major national park in the Nation that does 
not have a visitors center. The funding has been so tight over the 
years that even funding for what many of us would feel is the most 
basic of necessities in our parks has not been there.
  Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the 
requisite number of words and I rise in opposition to the amendment.
  Mr. Chairman, the author of this amendment says that this is a 
serious amendment. Obviously it cannot be a serious amendment. It has 
not been proposed on any of the other major park legislation that has 
moved through this Congress over the last year and one-half because 
this amendment is designed for one purpose, to do indirectly what they 
cannot do directly. That is the establishment of this of this Park 
System in the desert of California that is overwhelmingly supported by 
the people of California.
  If this were a serious amendment, if this were a serious concept, 
then we would apply it to the Department of Transportation where we 
would say we cannot authorize a public works bill until the backlog in 
public works is done. You cannot add any new systems of highway. But 
the fact is that we know that this kind of legislation allows us to put 
before the Appropriations Committee, to put before the departments, the 
organizations of where they want to move to save resources in the case 
of the national parks, where they want to dedicate transportation 
dollars to rail, or to highways as submitted to them by the Congress, 
decisions made by the Congress.
  We do not do this in the Department of Defense. If there is a 
shortfall in operations in the Department of Defense, in the readiness 
in the Department of Defense or in strategic weapons, we do not say we 
cannot authorize a new weapons system until you pick up the backlog in 
readiness or what have you. The fact is we authorize these based upon 
the input from the departments, based upon the input from our 
constituents, and then the departments get an opportunity, the 
Appropriations Committee gets an opportunity to take advantage of that, 
to take advantage of a willing seller.
  People who have inholdings no longer want to sell them. You are 
counting that against the backlog. When we created Yosemite National 
Park, Mineral King, or Kings Canyon people thought this was going to be 
a terrible experience. They are now fighting to hold onto their 
inholdings because they find out that they have something that is 
unique, they have something that is unique in this Nation, and that is 
an inholding in the middle of a wonderful national park, and that 
experience and that care that is given to those resources.
  We do not do this on the public works bills. We do not do this in any 
other area. We do not have the Department of Education suggesting that 
you have to clean up the backlog before you can move around based upon 
the opportunities. We cannot do it to people who want water projects in 
their districts.
  I joined with all of the gentlemen in front of the subcommittee of 
the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. Bevill]. We have a shortfall in 
California water projects. How would you like to deal with flood 
control on this basis? We could not deal with any of the new requests 
that are brought to the committee of the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. 
Bevill] until the backlog was done.
  So this obviously is not a serious amendment. This is an amendment to 
try to delay the designation of these resources as parks, to upgrade 
the maintenance, and the care and the management of these resources. It 
denies what the Secretary of the Interior has said about the ability to 
care for these in a much more efficient manner as they are operated in 
these units.
  We are simply not telling the truth to our colleagues in the House, 
and we ought to understand that we watch these budgets and attempts 
made by the past administrations to slash these budgets. Fortunately, 
the Congress did not go along with that. But as my colleague from 
Minnesota pointed out, acquisition costs continue to go up, and if we 
are not going to have the ability to move when opportunities arise, all 
we do is make this process far more expensive.
  So let us not try to damage this effort that is overwhelmingly 
supported by the people of the State by offering this kind of amendment 
that we would not think of offering on other legislation in other 
matters that suffer from a far greater shortage.
  Do my colleagues want to talk about the infrastructure shortage in 
the Nation and then talk about whether or not we can allocate a new 
highway system, or patch a road in one of your districts that you think 
is terribly important? That is what the Appropriations Committee is 
for. Every subcommittee of the Appropriations Committee has more people 
testifying before it as to what they would like, and if this is too big 
a task for them, maybe we should change the Appropriations Committee. 
But the fact is they sort it out, they bring to the committee what they 
believe are the priorities based on the recommendations from the 
administration and what is doable in that fiscal year. That is the 
process we ought to continue. We would appreciate the support of all of 
the Members on the other side of the aisle that we do not have when we 
try to increase the appropriations for land and water conservation.
  Mr. VENTO. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?
  Mr. MILLER of California. I yield to the gentleman from Minnesota.
  Mr. VENTO. Mr. Chairman, I am glad to observe all of the friends of 
the Park Service here today. But we need them on a more constant basis, 
all of the time putting this as a priority as certainly many of us do.
  The fact is, of course, if these lands do not become parks, and 
remain in the BLM, then they are subject to the mining laws and the 
other activities that go on there, and the public lands need to be 
managed. If somebody is out there with a bulldozer doing something, 
they can do a lot more harm than they can with a camera going into a 
park.
  The fact is all of these needs arise. So the amendment really is not 
addressing what the problem is.
  The fact is there is a lot of problems and we need to defeat this 
amendment. That is the first problem.
  Mr. SMITH of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite 
number of words and I yield to the gentleman from California [Mr. 
Lewis].
  Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate my friend 
yielding. I rise simply to respond in part to the outrageous statements 
made by Chairman Miller.
  He suggested, for example, that somehow the House ought to discount 
this amendment because it had not been presented on this sort of a bill 
before. I might suggest to my chairman that we had an amendment last 
week on this bill that had not been presented before that had to do 
with property rights as well. It suggested rather strongly that the 
department should not be allowed to decrease the value of property, of 
inholdings that they were going to take because of expanding parks, 
because of an endangered species happening to suddenly arrive there. It 
was a property rights bill that had never been presented before, and it 
passed this House by 133 votes with a majority of Democrats and 
Republicans supporting it.
  Obviously, the people across the country are sick and tired, sick and 
tired of committees like this suggesting we will lightly take people's 
property for any whim, and then let them sit in somebody's inventory 
forever. The Secretary has said they can sit in the parks as long as 
until hell freezes over essentially.
  I must say that the chairman is being greatly excessive in terms of 
his candor with the Members. Inholders, he suggests, sometimes get in 
the park, and suddenly want to keep their property. Tell that to the 
citizens across the country in your district for those of us in States 
where there are inholders standing in line where the department says 
they can wait. Tell your parks that they have plenty of money and we 
can afford to expand these parks.
  The chairman, to say the least, is attempting to shade the message to 
our Members. This amendment is a property rights amendment that is very 
important, and I appreciate my colleague yielding.
  Mr. CALVERT. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?
  Mr. SMITH of Texas. I yield to my colleague, the gentleman from 
California.
  Mr. CALVERT. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding. I just 
wanted to point out the reason why we have a deficit as large as it is 
in this country is because we do not take care of past obligations. I 
am new to this body, but in the short time I have been here I have 
learned that the reason why our budget deficit grows by billions and 
billions of dollars every month, every day, is because we do not take 
care of past obligations, and that is what we are attempting to do with 
this piece of legislation.
  Again, I thank the gentleman for yielding.
  Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?
  Mr. SMITH of Texas. I yield to the gentleman from California.
  Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding. Let me 
just add to the comments by the gentleman from California [Mr. Lewis] 
about the Calvert amendment. This is a commonsense amendment, and I 
guess it is at least surprising to me to see the other side 
characterize this as nonserious and be outraged that the gentleman from 
California [Mr. Calvert] would suggest that we pay for that which we 
have already committed to before we go out and take on a new batch of 
Federal commitments, because that is exactly what we are doing. We are 
going to put the taxpayers, we are going to ratchet them up one more 
notch, and we are going to stretch the Park Service thin. I say to my 
friend, the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. Vento], the Park Service is 
stretched thin. That is the reports we get from all of our users. It is 
the reports we get from our own bureaucracy, and the gentleman cannot 
tell us where we are going to be getting the money. We are not going to 
be getting the money. The country is going broke, and the gentleman 
from California [Mr. Calvert] has the temerity to suggest that we pay 
for what we have already committed to before we take on other 
obligations.
  Mr. VENTO. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?
  Mr. SMITH of Texas. I am happy to yield to the gentleman from 
Minnesota.
  Mr. VENTO. Mr. Speaker, I would say to my friend in the well, the 
gentleman from California, that I agree with him, the Park Service is 
stretched. But this amendment does not require any payments, this does 
not do anything about it. All this does is defeat the California parks.
  The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered by the 
gentleman from California [Mr. Calvert], as modified.
  The question was taken; and the Chairman announced that the noes 
appeared to have it.


                             recorded vote

  Mr. CALVERT. Mr. Chairman, I demand a recorded vote.
  A recorded vote was ordered.
  The vote was taken by electronic device, and there were--ayes 138, 
noes 288, not voting 13, as follows:

                             [Roll No. 355]

                               AYES--138

     Archer
     Armey
     Bachus (AL)
     Baker (CA)
     Baker (LA)
     Ballenger
     Barrett (NE)
     Bartlett
     Barton
     Bateman
     Bilirakis
     Bliley
     Blute
     Boehner
     Bonilla
     Bunning
     Burton
     Buyer
     Callahan
     Calvert
     Camp
     Canady
     Carr
     Castle
     Clinger
     Coble
     Collins (GA)
     Combest
     Condit
     Cox
     Crane
     Crapo
     Cunningham
     DeLay
     Dornan
     Dreier
     Duncan
     Dunn
     Emerson
     Everett
     Ewing
     Fields (TX)
     Fowler
     Gallegly
     Gallo
     Gekas
     Geren
     Goodlatte
     Goss
     Grams
     Grandy
     Gunderson
     Hall (TX)
     Hancock
     Hansen
     Hastert
     Hefley
     Herger
     Hoekstra
     Hoke
     Houghton
     Huffington
     Hunter
     Hutchinson
     Hyde
     Inglis
     Inhofe
     Istook
     Jacobs
     Johnson, Sam
     Kasich
     Kim
     King
     Kingston
     Knollenberg
     Kolbe
     Kyl
     Lancaster
     Levy
     Lewis (CA)
     Lewis (FL)
     Lewis (KY)
     Lightfoot
     Linder
     Livingston
     Manzullo
     McCandless
     McCollum
     McCrery
     McDade
     McHugh
     McInnis
     McKeon
     Meyers
     Mica
     Michel
     Miller (FL)
     Molinari
     Moorhead
     Myers
     Nussle
     Orton
     Oxley
     Packard
     Paxon
     Penny
     Peterson (MN)
     Petri
     Pombo
     Portman
     Pryce (OH)
     Quinn
     Roberts
     Rogers
     Rohrabacher
     Roth
     Royce
     Saxton
     Schaefer
     Schiff
     Sensenbrenner
     Shuster
     Skeen
     Smith (MI)
     Smith (OR)
     Smith (TX)
     Spence
     Stearns
     Stump
     Talent
     Taylor (NC)
     Thomas (CA)
     Thomas (WY)
     Torkildsen
     Walker
     Young (AK)
     Young (FL)
     Zeliff

                               NOES--288

     Abercrombie
     Ackerman
     Allard
     Andrews (ME)
     Andrews (NJ)
     Andrews (TX)
     Applegate
     Bacchus (FL)
     Baesler
     Barca
     Barcia
     Barlow
     Barrett (WI)
     Becerra
     Beilenson
     Bereuter
     Berman
     Bevill
     Bilbray
     Bishop
     Blackwell
     Boehlert
     Bonior
     Borski
     Boucher
     Brewster
     Brooks
     Browder
     Brown (CA)
     Brown (FL)
     Brown (OH)
     Bryant
     Byrne
     Cantwell
     Cardin
     Chapman
     Clay
     Clement
     Clyburn
     Coleman
     Collins (IL)
     Collins (MI)
     Conyers
     Cooper
     Coppersmith
     Costello
     Coyne
     Cramer
     Danner
     Darden
     de la Garza
     de Lugo (VI)
     Deal
     DeFazio
     DeLauro
     Dellums
     Derrick
     Deutsch
     Diaz-Balart
     Dickey
     Dicks
     Dingell
     Dixon
     Dooley
     Durbin
     Edwards (CA)
     Edwards (TX)
     Ehlers
     Engel
     English
     Eshoo
     Evans
     Faleomavaega (AS)
     Farr
     Fawell
     Fazio
     Fields (LA)
     Filner
     Fingerhut
     Flake
     Foglietta
     Ford (MI)
     Ford (TN)
     Frank (MA)
     Franks (CT)
     Franks (NJ)
     Furse
     Gejdenson
     Gephardt
     Gibbons
     Gilchrest
     Gillmor
     Gilman
     Glickman
     Gonzalez
     Gordon
     Green
     Greenwood
     Gutierrez
     Hall (OH)
     Hamburg
     Hamilton
     Harman
     Hastings
     Hayes
     Hefner
     Hilliard
     Hinchey
     Hoagland
     Hobson
     Hochbrueckner
     Holden
     Horn
     Hughes
     Hutto
     Inslee
     Jefferson
     Johnson (CT)
     Johnson (GA)
     Johnson (SD)
     Johnson, E. B.
     Johnston
     Kanjorski
     Kaptur
     Kennedy
     Kennelly
     Kildee
     Kleczka
     Klein
     Klink
     Klug
     Kopetski
     Kreidler
     LaFalce
     Lambert
     Lantos
     LaRocco
     Laughlin
     Lazio
     Leach
     Lehman
     Levin
     Lewis (GA)
     Lipinski
     Lloyd
     Long
     Lowey
     Lucas
     Machtley
     Maloney
     Mann
     Manton
     Margolies-Mezvinsky
     Markey
     Martinez
     Matsui
     Mazzoli
     McCloskey
     McCurdy
     McDermott
     McHale
     McKinney
     McMillan
     McNulty
     Meehan
     Meek
     Menendez
     Mfume
     Miller (CA)
     Mineta
     Minge
     Mink
     Moakley
     Mollohan
     Montgomery
     Moran
     Morella
     Murphy
     Murtha
     Nadler
     Neal (MA)
     Neal (NC)
     Norton (DC)
     Oberstar
     Obey
     Olver
     Ortiz
     Pallone
     Parker
     Pastor
     Payne (NJ)
     Payne (VA)
     Pelosi
     Peterson (FL)
     Pickett
     Pickle
     Pomeroy
     Porter
     Poshard
     Price (NC)
     Quillen
     Rahall
     Ramstad
     Rangel
     Ravenel
     Reed
     Regula
     Reynolds
     Richardson
     Ridge
     Roemer
     Romero-Barcelo (PR)
     Ros-Lehtinen
     Rose
     Rostenkowski
     Roukema
     Rowland
     Roybal-Allard
     Rush
     Sabo
     Sanders
     Sangmeister
     Santorum
     Sarpalius
     Sawyer
     Schenk
     Schroeder
     Schumer
     Scott
     Serrano
     Sharp
     Shaw
     Shays
     Shepherd
     Sisisky
     Skaggs
     Skelton
     Slaughter
     Smith (IA)
     Smith (NJ)
     Snowe
     Spratt
     Stark
     Stenholm
     Stokes
     Strickland
     Studds
     Stupak
     Sundquist
     Swett
     Swift
     Synar
     Tanner
     Tauzin
     Taylor (MS)
     Tejeda
     Thompson
     Thornton
     Thurman
     Torres
     Torricelli
     Towns
     Traficant
     Tucker
     Underwood (GU)
     Unsoeld
     Upton
     Valentine
     Velazquez
     Vento
     Visclosky
     Volkmer
     Vucanovich
     Walsh
     Waters
     Watt
     Waxman
     Weldon
     Whitten
     Williams
     Wilson
     Wise
     Wolf
     Woolsey
     Wyden
     Wynn
     Yates
     Zimmer

                             NOT VOTING--13

     Bentley
     Clayton
     Doolittle
     Fish
     Frost
     Gingrich
     Goodling
     Hoyer
     Owens
     Slattery
     Solomon
     Washington
     Wheat

                              {time}  1151

  Mr. SERRANO and Mr. GILLMOR changed their vote from ``aye'' to 
``no.''
  So the amendment, as modified, was rejected. The result of the vote 
was announced as above recorded.

                          ____________________