[Congressional Record Volume 140, Number 45 (Thursday, April 21, 1994)]
[Senate]
[Page S]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]


[Congressional Record: April 21, 1994]
From the Congressional Record Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]

 
                   HEAD START ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1994

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the previous order, the Senate will now 
proceed to S. 2000, which the clerk will report.
  The assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

       A bill (S. 2000) to authorize appropriations for fiscal 
     years 1995 through 1998 to carry out the Head Start Act and 
     the Community Services Block Grant Act, and for other 
     purposes.

  Thereupon, the Senate proceeded to consider the bill, which had been 
reported from the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, with an 
amendment to strike out all after the enacting clause and inserting in 
lieu thereof the following:
                      TITLE I--HEAD START PROGRAMS

     SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE; REFERENCES IN TITLE.

       (a) Short Title.--This title may be cited as the ``Head 
     Start Act Amendments of 1994''.
       (b) References.--Except as otherwise specifically provided, 
     whenever in this title an amendment or repeal is expressed in 
     terms of an amendment to, or a repeal of, a section or other 
     provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a 
     section or other provision of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 
     9831 et seq.).

     SEC. 102. DEFINITIONS.

       Section 637 (42 U.S.C. 9832) is amended--
       (1) by striking paragraphs (4) and (5);
       (2) by striking paragraph (9) and inserting the following 
     new paragraph:
       ``(9) The term `poverty line' means the income official 
     poverty line (as defined by the Office of Management and 
     Budget, and revised annually in accordance with section 
     673(2) of the Community Services Block Grant Act (42 U.S.C. 
     9902(2)) applicable to a family of the size involved.'';
       (3) by adding after paragraph (11) the following new 
     paragraphs:
       ``(12) The term `family literacy services' includes 
     activities including interactive literacy activities between 
     parents and their children, training for parents on 
     techniques for being the primary teacher of their children 
     and full partners in the education of their children, parent 
     literacy training, and early childhood education.
       ``(13) The term `Indian tribe' means any tribe, band, 
     nation, pueblo, or other organized group or community of 
     Indians, including any Native village described in section 
     3(c) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 
     1602(c)) or established pursuant to such Act (43 U.S.C. 1601 
     et seq.), that is recognized as eligible for the special 
     programs and services provided by the United States to 
     Indians because of their status as Indians.'';
       (4) by redesignating paragraphs (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), 
     (11), (12), and (13) as paragraphs (7), (8), (9), (11), (5), 
     (6), (4), and (10), respectively; and
       (5)(A) by transferring paragraph (4), as so redesignated, 
     and inserting the paragraph after paragraph (3);
       (B) by transferring paragraphs (5) and (6), as so 
     redesignated, and inserting the paragraphs after paragraph 
     (4), as so redesignated; and
       (C) by transferring paragraph (10), as so redesignated, and 
     inserting the paragraph after paragraph (9), as so 
     redesignated.

     SEC. 103. SERVICES.

       Section 638(a)(1) (42 U.S.C. 9833(a)(1)) is amended by 
     striking ``health, nutritional, educational, social, and 
     other services'' and inserting ``health, education, parental 
     involvement, nutritional, social, and other services''.

     SEC. 104. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

       Section 639 (42 U.S.C. 9834) is amended--
       (1) in subsection (a), by striking all that follows 
     ``subchapter'' and inserting ``such sums as may be necessary 
     for fiscal year 1995 through 1998.''; and
       (2) by striking subsections (b) and (c) and inserting the 
     following:
       ``(b) From the amount appropriated under subsection (a), 
     the Secretary shall make available--
       ``(1) $35,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1995 through 
     1998 to--
       ``(A) carry out the Head Start Transition Project Act; and
       ``(B) carry out activities authorized under section 642(d); 
     and
       ``(2) not more than $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1995, and 
     such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 
     1996 through 1998, to carry out longitudinal research under 
     section 649(e).''.

     SEC. 105. ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.

       (a) Allocation and Use of Funds for Quality Improvement.--
     Section 640(a)(3) (42 U.S.C. 9835(a)(3)) is amended--
       (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as 
     subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively;
       (2) by striking ``(3)(C)'' and all that follows through 
     ``quality improvement activities:'' and inserting the 
     following:
       ``(3)(A)(i) In order to provide assistance for activities 
     specified in subparagraph (C) directed at the goals specified 
     in subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall reserve, from the 
     amount (if any) by which the funds appropriated under section 
     639(a) for a fiscal year exceed the adjusted prior year 
     appropriation, a share equal to the sum of--
       ``(I) 25 percent of such excess amount; and
       ``(II) any additional amount the Secretary may find 
     necessary to address a demonstrated need for such activities.
       ``(ii) As used in clause (i), the term `adjusted prior year 
     appropriation' means, with respect to a fiscal year, the 
     amount appropriated pursuant to section 639(a) for the 
     preceding fiscal year, adjusted to reflect the percentage 
     change in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers 
     (issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics) during such 
     preceding fiscal year.
       ``(B) Funds reserved under this paragraph (referred to in 
     this paragraph as `quality improvement funds') shall be used 
     to accomplish any or all of the following goals:
       ``(i) Ensuring that Head Start programs meet or exceed 
     performance standards pursuant to section 641A(a)(1)(A).
       ``(ii) Ensuring that such programs have adequate qualified 
     staff, and that such staff are furnished adequate training.
       ``(iii) Ensuring that salary levels and benefits are 
     adequate to attract and retain qualified staff for such 
     programs.
       ``(iv) Using salary increases to improve staff 
     qualifications, and to assist with the implementation of 
     career development programs, for the staff of Head Start 
     programs.
       ``(v) Improving community-wide strategic planning and needs 
     assessments for such programs.
       ``(vi) Ensuring that the physical environments of Head 
     Start programs are conducive to providing effective program 
     services to children and families.
       ``(vii) Making such other improvements in the quality of 
     such programs as the Secretary may designate.
       ``(C) Quality improvement funds shall be used to carry out 
     any or all of the following activities:'';
       (3) in subparagraph (C), as redesignated in paragraph (1), 
     by adding at the end the following new clause:
       ``(vii) Such other activities as the Secretary may 
     designate.''; and
       (4) in subparagraph (D), as redesignated in paragraph (1)--
       (A) in clause (i)--
       (i) in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking 
     ``for the first, second, and third fiscal years for which 
     funds are so reserved''; and
       (ii) in subclause (II), by inserting ``and Indian and 
     migrant Head Start programs,'' after ``States,'';
       (B) by striking clauses (ii) and (iii);
       (C) in clause (iv)--
       (i) by striking ``To be expended'' and all that follows, 
     through ``reserved, funds'' and inserting ``Funds'';
       (ii) by striking ``clause (ii)'' the first place it appears 
     and inserting ``clause (i)'';
       (iii) by inserting before the period at the end of the 
     first sentence, ``, for expenditure for activities specified 
     in subparagraph (C)''; and
       (iv) by striking the second sentence;
       (D) in clause (vi), by striking ``paragraphs (2), (4), and 
     (5)'' and inserting ``paragraph (2) or (4)''; and
       (E) by striking clause (v) and redesignating clauses (iv) 
     and (vi) as clauses (ii) and (iii), respectively.
       (b) Funds Set-Aside.--Section 640(a) (42 U.S.C. 9835(a)) is 
     amended--
       (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``through (5).'' and 
     inserting ``through (4), and subject to paragraphs (5) and 
     (6).'';
       (2) in paragraph (2)--
       (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``1990'' and inserting 
     ``1994''; and
       (B) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``(including payments 
     for all costs (other than compensation of Federal employees) 
     of reviews of Head Start agencies and programs under section 
     641A(c), and of activities related to the development and 
     implementation of quality improvement plans under section 
     641A(d)(2))'' after ``Secretary'';
       (3) in paragraph (3), by striking ``paragraph (5)'' each 
     place it appears and inserting ``paragraph (4)'';
       (4) by striking paragraph (4), and redesignating paragraphs 
     (5) and (6) as paragraphs (4) and (7), respectively;
       (5) in paragraph (4), as redesignated in paragraph (4), by 
     striking ``The'' and inserting ``Subject to section 639(b), 
     the''; and
       (6) by adding after paragraph (4), as redesignated in 
     paragraph (4), the following new paragraphs:
       ``(5)(A) From amounts reserved and allotted pursuant to 
     paragraph (4), the Secretary shall reserve such sums as may 
     be necessary to award the collaboration grants described in 
     subparagraph (B).
       ``(B) From the reserved sums, the Secretary may award a 
     collaboration grant to each State to facilitate collaboration 
     regarding activities carried out in the State under this 
     subchapter, and other activities carried out in, and by, the 
     State that are targeted to low-income children and families.
       ``(C) A State that receives a grant under subparagraph (B) 
     shall--
       ``(i) appoint an individual to serve as a State liaison 
     between--
       ``(I) agencies and individuals carrying out Head Start 
     programs in the State; and
       ``(II) agencies and entities carrying out programs serving 
     low-income children and families;
       ``(ii) involve the State Head Start Association in the 
     selection of the individual, and involve the association in 
     determinations relating to the ongoing direction of the 
     collaboration;
       ``(iii) ensure that the individual holds a position with 
     sufficient authority and access to ensure that the 
     collaboration described in subparagraph (B) is effective and 
     involves a range of State agencies; and
       ``(iv) ensure that the collaboration described in 
     subparagraph (B) involves coordination of Head Start services 
     with health care, welfare, child care, education, and 
     national service activities, and activities relating to 
     children with disabilities.
       ``(D) As used in this paragraph, the term `low-income', 
     used with respect to children or families, shall not be 
     considered to refer only to children or families that meet 
     the low-income criteria prescribed pursuant to section 
     645(a)(1)(A).
       ``(6) From amounts reserved and allotted pursuant to 
     paragraphs (2) and (4), the Secretary shall use, for grants 
     for programs described in section 645A(a), a portion of the 
     combined total of such amounts equal to 3 percent for fiscal 
     year 1995, 4 percent for each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997, 
     and 5 percent for fiscal year 1998, of the amount 
     appropriated pursuant to section 639(a).''.
       (c) Considerations for Allocation of Funds for Program 
     Expansion.--Section 640(g) (42 U.S.C. 9835(g)) is amended--
       (1) by striking ``(g)'' and inserting ``(g)(1)''; and
       (2) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:
       ``(2) For the purpose of expanding Head Start programs, in 
     allocating funds to an applicant within a State, from amounts 
     allotted to a State pursuant to subsection (a)(4), the 
     Secretary shall take into consideration--
       ``(A) the quality of the applicant's programs (including 
     Head Start and other child care or child development 
     programs) in existence on the date of the allocation, 
     including, in the case of Head Start programs in existence on 
     the date of the allocation, the extent to which such programs 
     meet or exceed performance standards and other requirements 
     under this subchapter;
       ``(B) the applicant's capacity to expand services 
     (including, in the case of Head Start programs in existence 
     on the date of the allocation, whether the applicant 
     accomplished any prior expansions in an effective and timely 
     manner);
       ``(C) the extent to which the applicant has undertaken 
     community-wide strategic planning and needs assessments 
     involving other community organizations serving children and 
     families;
       ``(D) the numbers of eligible children in each community 
     who are not participating in a Head Start program; and
       ``(E) the concentration of low-income families in each 
     community.
       ``(3) In determining the amount of funds reserved pursuant 
     to subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (a)(2) to be used 
     for expanding Head Start programs under this subchapter, the 
     Secretary shall take into consideration, to the extent 
     appropriate, the factors specified in paragraph (2).''.
       (d) Technical Amendment.--Section 640(h) (42 U.S.C. 
     9835(h)) is amended by striking ``Each Head Start program 
     may'' and inserting ``Financial assistance provided under 
     this subchapter may be used by each Head Start program to''.
       (e) Compensation.--Section 640 (42 U.S.C. 9835) is amended 
     by adding at the end the following new subsection:
       ``(j) Any agency that receives financial assistance under 
     this subchapter to improve the compensation of staff who 
     provide services under this Act shall use the financial 
     assistance to improve the compensation of such staff, 
     regardless of whether the agency has the ability to improve 
     the compensation of staff employed by the agency who do not 
     provide Head Start services.''.

     SEC. 106. REPORT.

       Section 640A (42 U.S.C. 9835a) is repealed.

     SEC. 107. DESIGNATION.

       (a) Indian Reservations.--Section 641(b) (42 U.S.C. 
     9836(b)) is amended by inserting after ``Indian reservation'' 
     the following: ``(including members of Indian tribes living 
     near the reservation)''.
       (b) Designation of Agencies--Section 641(c) (42 U.S.C. 
     9836(c)) is amended--
       (1) by striking paragraphs (2) through (4);
       (2) in the first sentence--
       (A) by inserting ``(subject to paragraph (2))'' before ``, 
     the Secretary shall give priority''; and
       (B) by striking ``unless'' and all that follows through the 
     end of subparagraph (A) and inserting the following: ``unless 
     the Secretary makes a finding that the agency involved fails 
     to meet program, financial management, and other requirements 
     established by the Secretary.'';
       (3) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as paragraph (2);
       (4) in paragraph (2), as so redesignated--
       (A) by striking ``except that, if'' and inserting ``If''; 
     and
       (B) by striking ``subparagraph (A)'' and inserting 
     ``paragraph (1)'';
       (5) by striking ``Notwithstanding any other provision of 
     this paragraph'' and inserting the following:
       ``(3) Notwithstanding any other provision of this 
     subsection''; and
       (6) by aligning the margins of paragraph (2) with the 
     margins of paragraph (3).
       (c) Considerations in Designating New Head Start 
     Agencies.--Section 641(d) (42 U.S.C. 9836(d)) is amended--
       (1) in the first sentence, by striking all that precedes 
     ``then the Secretary'' and inserting ``If no entity in a 
     community is entitled to the priority specified in subsection 
     (c),'';
       (2) by striking the second sentence;
       (3) in the third sentence--
       (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
     ``and subject to the preceding sentence''; and
       (B) in paragraph (4), to read as follows:
       ``(4) the plan of such applicant--
       ``(A) to seek the involvement of parents of participating 
     children in activities designed to help such parents become 
     full partners in the education of their children;
       ``(B) to afford such parents the opportunity to participate 
     in the development, conduct, and overall performance of the 
     program at the local level;
       ``(C) to offer (directly or through referral to local 
     entities, such as entities carrying out Even Start programs 
     under part B of chapter 1 of title I of the Elementary and 
     Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2741 et seq.)) to 
     such parents--
       ``(i) family literacy services; and
       ``(ii) parenting skills training;
       ``(D) at the option of such applicant, to offer (directly 
     or through referral to local entities) to such parents--
       ``(i) parental social self-sufficiency training;
       ``(ii) substance abuse counseling; or
       ``(iii) any other activity designed to help such parents 
     become full partners in the education of their children; and
       ``(E) to provide, with respect to each participating 
     family, a family needs assessment that includes consultation 
     with such parents about the benefits of parent involvement 
     and about the activities described in subparagraphs (C) and 
     (D) in which such parents may choose to become involved 
     (taking into consideration their specific family needs, work 
     schedules, and other responsibilities);'';
       (4) in paragraph (7), by inserting ``and'' after the 
     semicolon;
       (5) by striking paragraph (8); and
       (6) by redesignating paragraph (9) as paragraph (8).
       (d) Conforming Amendment.--Section 641 (42 U.S.C. 9836) is 
     amended--
       (1) by striking subsection (f); and
       (2) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (f).

     SEC. 108. MONITORING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE.

       The Act is amended by inserting after section 641 (42 
     U.S.C. 9836) the following new section:

     ``SEC. 641A. QUALITY STANDARDS; MONITORING OF HEAD START 
                   AGENCIES AND PROGRAMS.

       ``(a) Quality Standards.--
       ``(1) Establishment of standards.--The Secretary shall 
     establish by regulation standards applicable to Head Start 
     agencies, programs, and projects under this subchapter, 
     including--
       ``(A) performance standards with respect to services 
     required to be provided, including health, education, 
     parental involvement, nutritional, social, and other 
     services;
       ``(B) administrative and financial management standards;
       ``(C) standards relating to the condition and location of 
     facilities for such agencies, programs, and projects; and
       ``(D) such other standards as the Secretary finds to be 
     appropriate.
       ``(2) Minimum requirements.--The regulations promulgated 
     under this subsection shall establish the minimum levels of 
     overall accomplishment that a Head Start agency shall achieve 
     in order to meet the standards specified in paragraph (1).
       ``(3) Considerations in developing standards.--In 
     developing the regulations required under paragraph (1), the 
     Secretary shall--
       ``(A) consult with experts in the fields of child 
     development, early childhood education, family services, 
     administration, and financial management, and with persons 
     with experience in the operation of Head Start programs;
       ``(B) take into consideration--
       ``(i) past experience with use of the standards in effect 
     under this subchapter on the date of enactment of this 
     section;
       ``(ii) changes over the period since the date of enactment 
     of this Act in the circumstances and problems typically 
     facing children and families served by Head Start agencies;
       ``(iii) developments concerning best practices with respect 
     to child development, children with disabilities, family 
     services, program administration, and financial management; 
     and
       ``(iv) projected needs of an expanding Head Start program; 
     and
       ``(C)(i) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
     of this section, review and revise as necessary the 
     performance standards in effect under 651(b) on the day 
     before the date of enactment of this section; and
       ``(ii) ensure that any such revisions in the performance 
     standards will not result in the elimination of or any 
     reduction in the scope or types of health, education, 
     parental involvement, nutritional, social, or other services 
     required to be provided under such standards as in effect on 
     November 2, 1978.
       ``(4) Standards relating to obligations to delegate 
     agencies.--In developing standards under this subsection, the 
     Secretary shall describe the obligations of a Head Start 
     agency to an agency (referred to in this subchapter as the 
     `delegate agency') to which the Head Start agency has 
     delegated responsibility for providing services under this 
     subchapter and determine whether the Head Start agency 
     complies with the standards. The Secretary shall consider 
     such compliance during the review described in subsection 
     (c)(1)(A) and in determining whether to renew financial 
     assistance to the Head Start agency under this subchapter.
       ``(b) Performance Measures.--
       ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
     enactment of this section, the Secretary, in consultation 
     with representatives of Head Start agencies and with experts 
     in the fields of child development, family services, and 
     program management, shall develop methods and procedures for 
     measuring, annually and over longer periods, the quality and 
     effectiveness of programs operated by Head Start agencies 
     (referred to in this subchapter as `performance measures').
       ``(2) Design of measures.--The performance measures 
     developed under this subsection shall be designed--
       ``(A) to assess the various services provided by Head Start 
     programs and, to the extent the Secretary finds appropriate, 
     administrative and financial management practices of such 
     programs;
       ``(B) to be adaptable for use in self-assessment and peer 
     review of individual Head Start agencies and programs; and
       ``(C) for other program purposes as determined by the 
     Secretary.
       ``(3) Use of measures.--The Secretary shall use the 
     performance measures developed pursuant to this subsection--
       ``(A) to identify strengths and weaknesses in the operation 
     of Head Start programs nationally and by region; and
       ``(B) to identify problem areas that may require additional 
     training and technical assistance resources.
       ``(c) Monitoring of Local Agencies and Programs.--
       ``(1) In general.--In order to determine whether Head Start 
     agencies meet standards established under this subchapter 
     with respect to program, administrative, financial 
     management, and other requirements, the Secretary shall 
     conduct the following reviews of designated Head Start 
     agencies, and of the Head Start programs operated by such 
     agencies:
       ``(A) A full review of each such agency at least once 
     during each 3-year period.
       ``(B) A review of each newly designated agency immediately 
     after the completion of the first year such agency carries 
     out a Head Start program.
       ``(C) Followup reviews including prompt return visits to 
     agencies and programs that fail to meet the standards.
       ``(D) Other reviews as appropriate.
       ``(2) Conduct of reviews.--The Secretary shall ensure that 
     reviews described in subparagraphs (A) through (C) of 
     paragraph (1)--
       ``(A) are performed, to the maximum extent practicable, by 
     employees of the Department of Health and Human Services who 
     are knowledgeable about Head Start programs; and
       ``(B) are supervised by such an employee at the site of 
     such Head Start agency.
       ``(d) Corrective Action; Termination.--
       ``(1) Determination.--If the Secretary determines, on the 
     basis of a review pursuant to subsection (c), that a Head 
     Start agency designated pursuant to section 641 fails to meet 
     the standards described in subsection (c), the Secretary 
     shall--
       ``(A) inform the agency of the deficiencies that shall be 
     corrected;
       ``(B) with respect to each identified deficiency, require 
     the agency--
       ``(i) to correct the deficiency immediately; or
       ``(ii) at the discretion of the Secretary (taking into 
     consideration the seriousness of the deficiency and the time 
     reasonably required to correct the deficiency), to comply 
     with the requirements of paragraph (2) concerning a quality 
     improvement plan; and
       ``(C) initiate proceedings to terminate the designation of 
     the agency unless the agency corrects the deficiency.
       ``(2) Quality improvement plan.--
       ``(A) Agency responsibilities.--In order to retain a 
     designation as a Head Start agency under this subchapter, a 
     Head Start agency that is the subject of a determination 
     described in paragraph (1) (other than an agency able to 
     correct a deficiency immediately) shall--
       ``(i) develop in a timely manner, obtain the approval of 
     the Secretary regarding, and implement a quality improvement 
     plan that specifies--

       ``(I) the deficiencies to be corrected;
       ``(II) the actions to be taken to correct such 
     deficiencies; and
       ``(III) the timetable for accomplishment of the corrective 
     actions specified; and

       ``(ii) eliminate each deficiency identified, not later than 
     the date for elimination of such deficiency specified in such 
     plan (which shall not be later than 1 year after the date the 
     agency received notice of the determination and of the 
     specific deficiency to be corrected).
       ``(B) Secretarial responsibility.--Not later than 30 days 
     after receiving from a Head Start agency a proposed quality 
     improvement plan pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Secretary 
     shall either approve such proposed plan or specify the 
     reasons why the proposed plan cannot be approved.
       ``(3) Training and technical assistance.--The Secretary 
     shall provide training and technical assistance to Head Start 
     agencies with respect to the development or implementation of 
     such quality improvement plans to the extent the Secretary 
     finds such provision to be feasible and appropriate given 
     available funding and other statutory responsibilities.
       ``(e) Summaries of Monitoring Outcomes.--The Secretary 
     shall publish annually, following the end of each fiscal 
     year, a summary report on the findings of reviews conducted 
     under subsection (c), and on the outcomes of quality 
     improvement plans implemented under subsection (d), during 
     such fiscal year.''.

     SEC. 109. TRANSITION COORDINATION WITH SCHOOLS AND PARENT 
                   INVOLVEMENT.

       Section 642 (42 U.S.C. 9837) is amended--
       (1) in subsection (b)--
       (A) in paragraph (4), to read as follows: ``(4) seek the 
     involvement of parents of participating children in 
     activities designed to help such parents become full partners 
     in the education of their children, and to afford such 
     parents the opportunity to participate in the development, 
     conduct, and overall performance of the program at the local 
     level;'';
       (B) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``and'' after the 
     semicolon;
       (C) by striking paragraph (6);
       (D) by redesignating paragraphs (5) and (7) as paragraphs 
     (8) and (9), respectively; and
       (E) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following new 
     paragraphs: ``(5) offer (directly or through referral to 
     local entities, such as entities carrying out Even Start 
     programs under part B of chapter 1 of title I of the 
     Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
     2741 et seq.)), to parents of participating children, family 
     literacy services and parenting skills training; (6) at the 
     option of such agency, offer (directly or through referral to 
     local entities), to such parents, parental social self-
     sufficiency training, substance abuse counseling, or any 
     other activity designed to help such parents become full 
     partners in the education of their children; (7) provide, 
     with respect to each participating family, a family needs 
     assessment that includes consultation with such parents about 
     the benefits of parent involvement and about the activities 
     described in paragraphs (4) through (6) in which such parents 
     may choose to be involved (taking into consideration their 
     specific family needs, work schedules, and other 
     responsibilities);'';
       (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``schools that will 
     subsequently serve children in Head Start programs,''; and
       (3) by adding after subsection (c) the following new 
     subsection:
       ``(d)(1) Each Head Start agency shall carry out the actions 
     specified in this subsection, to the extent feasible and 
     appropriate in the circumstances (including the extent to 
     which such agency is able to secure the cooperation of 
     parents and schools) to enable children to maintain the 
     developmental gains achieved in Head Start programs and to 
     build upon such gains in further schooling.
       ``(2) The Head Start agency shall take steps to coordinate 
     with the local educational agency (as defined in section 
     1471(12) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 
     1965 (20 U.S.C. 2891(12)) serving the community involved and 
     with schools in which children participating in a Head Start 
     program operated by such agency will enroll following such 
     program, including--
       ``(A) developing and implementing a systematic procedure 
     for transferring Head Start program records for each 
     participating child to the school in which such child will 
     enroll;
       ``(B) establishing channels of communication between Head 
     Start staff and their counterparts in the schools (including 
     teachers, social workers, and health staff) to facilitate 
     coordination of programs;
       ``(C) conducting meetings involving parents, kindergarten 
     or elementary school teachers, and Head Start program 
     teachers to discuss the developmental and other needs of 
     individual children; and
       ``(D) organizing and participating in joint transition-
     related training of school staff and Head Start staff.
       ``(3) In order to promote the continued involvement of the 
     parents of children that participate in Head Start programs 
     in the education of their children upon transition to school, 
     the Head Start agency shall--
       ``(A) provide training to the parents--
       ``(i) to inform the parents about their rights and 
     responsibilities concerning the education of their children; 
     and
       ``(ii) to enable the parents to understand and work with 
     schools in order to communicate with teachers and other 
     school personnel, to support the school work of their 
     children, and to participate as appropriate in decisions 
     relating to the education of their children; and
       ``(B) take other actions, as appropriate and feasible, to 
     support the active involvement of the parents with schools, 
     school personnel, and school-related organizations.
       ``(4) The Secretary of Health and Human Services and the 
     Secretary of Education shall assess the results of the 
     activities funded under the Head Start Transition Project Act 
     (42 U.S.C. 9855 et seq.) and shall work together to provide 
     technical assistance to enable communities to implement 
     proposed practices emerging from the activities, to improve 
     the Head Start programs and programs of the schools.''.

     SEC. 110. FACILITIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS.

       Section 644 (42 U.S.C. 9839) is amended--
       (1) in subsection (d), by striking ``guidelines, 
     instructions,'';
       (2) in subsection (f)--
       (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``640(a)(3)(A)(v)'' and 
     inserting ``640(a)(3)(C)(v)''; and
       (B) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
       ``(3) Upon a determination by the Secretary that suitable 
     facilities are not otherwise available to Indian tribes to 
     carry out Head Start programs, and that the lack of suitable 
     facilities will inhibit the operation of such programs, the 
     Secretary, in the discretion of the Secretary, may authorize 
     the use of financial assistance, from the amount reserved 
     under section 640(a)(2)(A), to make payments for the purchase 
     of facilities owned by such tribes. The amount of such a 
     payment for such a facility shall not exceed the fair market 
     value of the facility.''; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following new subsections:
       ``(g)(1) Upon a determination by the Secretary that 
     suitable facilities (including public school facilities) are 
     not otherwise available to Indian tribes, rural communities, 
     and other low-income communities to carry out Head Start 
     programs, that the lack of suitable facilities will inhibit 
     the operation of such programs, and that construction of such 
     facilities is more cost effective than purchase of available 
     facilities or renovation, the Secretary, in the discretion of 
     the Secretary, may authorize the use of financial assistance 
     under this subchapter to make payments for capital 
     expenditures related to facilities that will be used to carry 
     out such programs. The Secretary shall establish uniform 
     procedures for Head Start agencies to request approval for 
     such payments, and shall promote, the extent practicable, the 
     collocation of Head Start programs with other programs 
     serving low-income children and families.
       ``(2) Such payments may be used for capital expenditures 
     (including paying the cost of amortizing the principal, and 
     paying interest on, loans) such as expenditures for--
       ``(A) construction of facilities that are not in existence 
     on the date of the determination;
       ``(B) major renovation of facilities in existence on such 
     date; and
       ``(C) purchase of vehicles used for programs conducted at 
     the Head Start facilities.
       ``(3) All laborers and mechanics employed by contractors or 
     subcontractors in the construction or renovation of 
     facilities to be used to carry out Head Start programs shall 
     be paid wages at not less than those prevailing on similar 
     construction in the locality, as determined by the Secretary 
     of Labor in accordance with the Act of March 3, 1931, as 
     amended (40 U.S.C. 276a et seq., commonly known as the 
     `Davis-Bacon Act').
       ``(h) In all personnel actions of the American Indian 
     Programs Branch of the Head Start Bureau of the 
     Administration for Children and Families, the Secretary shall 
     give the same preference to individuals who are members of an 
     Indian tribe as the Secretary gives to a disabled veteran, as 
     defined in section 2108(3)(C) of title 5, United States Code. 
     The Secretary shall take such additional actions as may be 
     necessary to promote recruitment of such individuals for 
     employment in the Administration.''.

     SEC. 111. PARTICIPATION.

       Section 645 (42 U.S.C. 9840) is amended
       (1) in subsection (c)--
       (A) in the first sentence, by striking ``may provide'' and 
     all that follows and inserting ``shall be permitted to 
     provide more than 1 year of Head Start services to eligible 
     children in the State.''; and
       (B) by striking the second sentence; and
       (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
       ``(d)(1) An Indian tribe that--
       ``(A) operates a Head Start program;
       ``(B) enrolls as participants in the program all children 
     in the community served by the tribe (including a community 
     with a near-reservation designation, as defined by the Bureau 
     of Indian Affairs) from families that meet the low-income 
     criteria prescribed under subsection (a)(1)(A); and
       ``(C) has the resources to enroll additional children in 
     the community who do not meet the low-income criteria;
     may enroll such additional children in a Head Start program, 
     in accordance with this subsection, if the program 
     predominantly serves children who meet the low-income 
     criteria.
       ``(2) The Indian tribe shall enroll the children in the 
     Head Start program in accordance with such requirements as 
     the Secretary may specify by regulation promulgated after 
     consultation with Indian tribes.
       ``(3) In providing services through a Head Start program to 
     such children, the Indian tribe may not use funds that the 
     Secretary has determined, in accordance with section 
     640(g)(3), are to be used for expanding Head Start programs 
     under this subchapter.''.

     SEC. 112. INITIATIVE ON FAMILIES WITH INFANTS AND TODDLERS.

       (a) Establishment.--The Act is amended by adding after 
     section 645 (42 U.S.C. 9840) the following new section:

     ``SEC. 645A. PROGRAMS FOR FAMILIES WITH INFANTS AND TODDLERS.

       ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall make grants, in 
     accordance with the provisions of this section for--
       ``(1) programs providing family-centered services for low-
     income families with very young children designed to promote 
     the development of the children, and to enable their parents 
     to fulfill their roles as parents and to move toward self-
     sufficiency; and
       ``(2) provision of training and technical assistance to 
     entities carrying out programs, and evaluation of programs, 
     that were supported under the Comprehensive Child Development 
     Act (42 U.S.C. 9881 et seq.), as in effect on the day before 
     the date of enactment of this section.
       ``(b) Scope and Design of Programs.--In carrying out a 
     program described in subsection (a), an entity receiving 
     assistance under this section shall--
       ``(1) provide, either directly or through referral, early, 
     continuous, intensive, and comprehensive child development 
     and family support services that will enhance the physical, 
     social, emotional, and intellectual development of 
     participating children;
       ``(2) ensure that the level of services provided to 
     families responds to their needs and circumstances;
       ``(3) promote positive parent-child interactions;
       ``(4) provide services to parents to support their role as 
     parents and to help the families move toward self-sufficiency 
     (including educational and employment services as 
     appropriate);
       ``(5) coordinate services with services provided by 
     programs in the State and programs in the community to ensure 
     a comprehensive array of services (such as health and mental 
     health services);
       ``(6) ensure formal linkages with local Head Start programs 
     in order to provide for continuity of services for children 
     and families;
       ``(7) in the case of a Head Start agency that operates a 
     program and that also provides Head Start services through 
     the age of mandatory school attendance, ensure that children 
     and families participating in the program receive such 
     services through such age; and
       ``(8) meet such other requirements concerning design and 
     operation of the program described in subsection (a) as the 
     Secretary may establish.
       ``(c) Persons Eligible To Participate.--Persons who may 
     participate in programs described in subsection (a)(1) 
     include--
       ``(1) pregnant women; and
       ``(2) families with children under age 3 (or under age 5, 
     in the case of children served by an entity specified in 
     subsection (e)(3));
     who meet the income criteria specified for families in 
     section 645(a)(1).
       ``(d) Eligible Service Providers.--To be eligible to 
     receive assistance under this section, an entity shall submit 
     an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, 
     and containing such information as the Secretary may require. 
     Entities that may apply to carry out activities under this 
     section include--
       ``(1) entities operating Head Start programs under this 
     subchapter;
       ``(2) entities that, on the day before the date of 
     enactment of this section, were operating--
       ``(A) Parent-Child Centers receiving financial assistance 
     under section 640(a)(4), as in effect on such date; or
       ``(B) programs receiving financial assistance under the 
     Comprehensive Child Development Act, as in effect on such 
     date; and
       ``(3) other public entities, and nonprofit private 
     entities, capable of providing child and family services that 
     meet the standards for participation in programs under this 
     subchapter and meet such other appropriate requirements 
     relating to the activities under this section as the 
     Secretary may establish.
       ``(e) Time-Limited Priority for Certain Entities.--
       ``(1) In general.--From amounts allotted pursuant to 
     paragraphs (2) and (4) of section 640(a), the Secretary shall 
     provide financial assistance in accordance with paragraphs 
     (2) through (4).
       ``(2) Parent-child centers.--The Secretary shall make 
     financial assistance available under this section for each of 
     fiscal years 1995, 1996, and 1997 to any entity that--
       ``(A) complies with subsection (b); and
       ``(B) received funding as a Parent-Child Center pursuant to 
     section 640(a)(4), as in effect on the day before the date of 
     enactment of this section, for fiscal year 1994.
       ``(3) Comprehensive child development centers.--
       ``(A) In the case of an entity that received a grant for 
     fiscal year 1994 to operate a project under the Comprehensive 
     Child Development Act, the Secretary--
       ``(i) shall make financial assistance available under this 
     section, in a comparable amount and scope to the assistance 
     provided for fiscal year 1994, for the duration of the 
     project period specified in the grant award to such entity 
     under such Act; and
       ``(ii) shall permit such entity, in carrying out activities 
     assisted under this section, to serve children from birth 
     through age 5.
       ``(B) In the case of an entity that received a grant for 
     fiscal year 1989 to operate a project under the Comprehensive 
     Child Development Act, the Secretary shall make assistance 
     available under this section for each of fiscal years 1995, 
     1996, and 1997 to any entity that complies with subsection 
     (b).
       ``(4) Evaluations, training, and technical assistance.--The 
     Secretary shall make financial assistance available under 
     this section as necessary to provide for the evaluation of, 
     and furnishing of training and technical assistance to, 
     programs specified in paragraph (3)(A).
       ``(f) Selection of Other Grant Recipients.--From the 
     balance remaining of the portion specified in section 
     640(a)(6), after making grants to the eligible entities 
     specified in subsection (e), the Secretary shall award grants 
     under this subsection on a competitive basis to applicants 
     meeting the criteria specified in subsection (d) (giving 
     priority to entities with a record of providing early, 
     continuous, and comprehensive childhood development and 
     family services).
       ``(g) Distribution.--In awarding grants to eligible 
     applicants under this section, the Secretary shall--
       ``(1) ensure an equitable national geographic distribution 
     of the grants; and
       ``(2) award grants to applicants proposing to serve 
     communities in rural areas and to applicants proposing to 
     serve communities in urban areas.
       ``(h) Secretarial Responsibilities.--
       ``(1) Guidelines.--Not later than September 30, 1994, the 
     Secretary shall develop program guidelines concerning the 
     content and operation of programs assisted under this 
     section--
       ``(A) in consultation with experts in early childhood 
     development, experts in health, and experts in family 
     services; and
       ``(B) taking into consideration the knowledge and 
     experience gained from other early childhood programs, 
     including programs under the Comprehensive Child Development 
     Act.
       ``(2) Standards.--Not later than December 30, 1994, the 
     Secretary shall develop and publish performance standards for 
     programs assisted under this section, and a grant 
     announcement based on the guidelines developed under 
     paragraph (1).
       ``(3) Monitoring, training, technical assistance, and 
     evaluation.--In order to ensure the successful operation of 
     programs assisted under this section, the Secretary shall use 
     funds from the balance described in subsection (f) to monitor 
     the operation of such programs, evaluate their effectiveness, 
     and provide training and technical assistance tailored to the 
     particular needs of such programs.''.
       (b) Consolidation.--In recognition that the Comprehensive 
     Child Development Centers Act has demonstrated positive 
     results, and that its purposes and functions have been 
     consolidated into section 645A of the Head Start Act, the 
     Comprehensive Child Development Centers Act of 1988 (42 
     U.S.C. 9801 note) and the Comprehensive Child Development Act 
     (42 U.S.C. 9881 et seq.) are repealed.

     SEC. 113. APPEALS, NOTICE, AND HEARING.

       (a) Mediation and Hearing for Disputes With Delegate 
     Agencies.--Section 646(a) (42 U.S.C. 9841(a)) is amended--
       (1) at the end of paragraph (2), by striking ``and'';
       (2) at the end of paragraph (3), by striking the period and 
     inserting ``; and''; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
       ``(4) the Secretary shall develop and publish procedures 
     (including mediation procedures) to be used in order to--
       ``(A) resolve in a timely manner conflicts potentially 
     leading to adverse action between--
       ``(i) recipients of financial assistance under this 
     subchapter; and
       ``(ii) delegate agencies or Head Start Parent Policy 
     Councils; and
       ``(B) avoid the need for an administrative hearing.''.
       (b) Termination of Designation Not Stayed Pending Appeal.--
     Section 646 (42 U.S.C. 9841) is further amended by striking 
     subsection (b) and inserting the following new subsection:
       ``(b) In prescribing procedures for the mediation described 
     in subsection (a)(4), the Secretary shall specify--
       ``(1) the date by which a Head Start agency engaged in a 
     conflict described in subsection (a)(4) will notify the 
     appropriate regional office of the Department of the 
     conflict;
       ``(2) a reasonable period for the mediation;
       ``(3) a timeline for an administrative hearing, if 
     necessary, to resolve the conflict; and
       ``(4) a timeline by which the person conducting the 
     administrative hearing shall issue a decision based on the 
     hearing.
       ``(c) In any case in which a termination, reduction, or 
     suspension of financial assistance under this subchapter is 
     upheld in an administrative hearing under this section, such 
     termination, reduction, or suspension shall not be stayed 
     pending any judicial appeal of such administrative decision.
       ``(d)(1) The Secretary shall by regulation specify a 
     process by which an Indian tribe may identify and establish 
     an alternative agency, and request that the alternative 
     agency be designated under section 641 as the Head Start 
     agency providing services to the tribe, if--
       ``(A) the Secretary terminates financial assistance under 
     section 646 to the only agency that was receiving financial 
     assistance to provide Head Start services to the Indian 
     tribe; and
       ``(B) the tribe would otherwise be precluded from providing 
     such services to the members of the tribe.
       ``(2) The regulation required by this subsection shall 
     prohibit such designation of an alternative agency that 
     includes an employee who--
       ``(A) served on the administrative staff or program staff 
     of the agency described in paragraph (1)(A); and
       ``(B) was responsible for a deficiency that--
       ``(i) relates to the performance standards or financial 
     management standards described in section 641A(a)(1); and
       ``(ii) was the basis for the termination of financial 
     assistance described in paragraph (1)(A);
     as determined by the Secretary after providing the notice and 
     opportunity described in subsection (a)(3).''.

     SEC. 114. GOALS AND PRIORITIES FOR TRAINING AND TECHNICAL 
                   ASSISTANCE.

       Section 648 (42 U.S.C. 9843) is amended--
       (1) in the section heading to read as follows:


                 ``technical assistance and training'';

       (2) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``Head Start 
     programs, including'' and inserting ``Head Start programs, in 
     accordance with the process, and the provisions for 
     allocating resources, set forth in subsections (b) and (c). 
     The Secretary shall provide, either directly or through 
     grants or other arrangements,'';
       (3)(A) by redesignating the final sentence of subsection 
     (a), as amended by paragraph (2), as subsection (e);
       (B) by transferring such subsection to the end of the 
     section; and
       (C) by indenting such subsection and aligning the margins 
     of such subsection with the margins of subsection (d);
       (4) by striking subsections (b) and (c); and
       (5) by inserting after subsection (a) the following new 
     subsections:
       ``(b) The process for determining the technical assistance 
     and training activities to be carried out under this section 
     shall--
       ``(1) ensure that the needs of local Head Start agencies 
     and programs relating to improving program quality and to 
     program expansion are addressed to the maximum extent 
     feasible; and
       ``(2) incorporate mechanisms to ensure responsiveness to 
     local needs, including an ongoing procedure for obtaining 
     input from the individuals and agencies carrying out Head 
     Start programs.
       ``(c) In allocating resources for technical assistance and 
     training under this section, the Secretary shall--
       ``(1) give priority consideration to activities to correct 
     program and management deficiencies identified through 
     reviews pursuant to section 641A(c) (including the provision 
     of assistance to local programs in the development of quality 
     improvement plans under section 641A(d)(2));
       ``(2) address the training and career development needs of 
     classroom staff (including instruction for providing services 
     to children with disabilities) and nonclassroom staff, 
     including home visitors and other staff working directly with 
     families, including training relating to increasing parent 
     involvement and services designed to increase family literacy 
     and improve parenting skills;
       ``(3) assist Head Start agencies and programs in conducting 
     and participating in communitywide strategic planning and 
     needs assessment;
       ``(4) assist Head Start agencies and programs in the 
     development of sound management practices, including 
     financial management procedures; and
       ``(5) assist in efforts to secure and maintain adequate 
     facilities for Head Start programs.''.

     SEC. 115. STAFF QUALIFICATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT.

       The Head Start Act is amended by inserting after section 
     648 (42 U.S.C. 9843) the following new section:

     ``SEC. 648A. STAFF QUALIFICATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT.

       ``(a) Classroom Teachers.--
       ``(1) Degree requirements.--The Secretary shall ensure that 
     not later than September 30, 1996, each Head Start classroom 
     in a center-based program is assigned one teacher who has--
       ``(A) a child development associate (CDA) credential that 
     is appropriate to the age of the children being served in 
     center-based programs;
       ``(B) a State-awarded certificate for preschool teachers 
     that meets or exceeds the requirements for a child 
     development associate credential;
       ``(C) an associate, a baccalaureate, or an advanced degree 
     in early childhood education; or
       ``(D) a degree in a field related to early childhood 
     education with experience in teaching preschool children and 
     a State-awarded certificate to teach in a preschool program.
       ``(2) Waiver.--On request, the Secretary shall grant a 180-
     day waiver of the requirements of paragraph (1) with respect 
     to an individual who--
       ``(A) is first employed after September 30, 1996, by a Head 
     Start agency as a teacher for a Head Start classroom;
       ``(B) is enrolled in a program that grants any credential, 
     certificate, or degree specified in subparagraph (A), (B), 
     (C), or (D) of paragraph (1); and
       ``(C) will receive such credential under the terms of such 
     program not later than 180 days after beginning employment as 
     a teacher with such agency.
       ``(3) Limitation.--The Secretary may not grant more than 
     one such waiver with respect to such individual.
       ``(b) Mentor Teachers.--
       ``(1) Definition; function.--For purposes of this 
     subsection, the term `mentor teacher' means an individual 
     responsible for observing and assessing the classroom 
     activities of a Head Start program and providing on-the-job 
     guidance and training to the Head Start program staff and 
     volunteers, in order to improve the qualifications and 
     training of classroom staff, to maintain high quality 
     education services, and to promote career development, in 
     Head Start programs.
       ``(2) Requirement.--In order to assist Head Start agencies 
     in establishing positions for mentor teachers, the Secretary 
     shall--
       ``(A) provide technical assistance and training to enable 
     Head Start agencies to establish such positions;
       ``(B) give priority consideration, in providing assistance 
     pursuant to subparagraph (A), to Head Start programs that 
     have substantial numbers of new classroom staff or that are 
     experiencing difficulty in meeting applicable education 
     standards; and
       ``(C) encourage Head Start programs to give priority 
     consideration for such positions to Head Start teachers at 
     the appropriate level of career advancement in such programs.
       ``(c) Family Service Workers.--In order to improve the 
     quality and effectiveness of staff providing in-home and 
     other services (including needs assessment, development of 
     service plans, family advocacy, and coordination of service 
     delivery) to families of children participating in Head Start 
     programs, the Secretary, in coordination with concerned 
     public and private agencies and organizations examining the 
     issues of standards and training for family service workers, 
     shall--
       ``(1) review and, as necessary, revise or develop new 
     qualification standards for Head Start staff providing such 
     services;
       ``(2) promote the development of model curricula (on 
     subjects including parenting training and family literacy) 
     designed to ensure the attainment of appropriate competencies 
     by individuals working or planning to work in the field of 
     early childhood and family services; and
       ``(3) promote the establishment of a credential that 
     indicates attainment of the competencies and that is accepted 
     nationwide.
       ``(d) Head Start Fellowships.--
       ``(1) Authority.--The Secretary may establish a program of 
     fellowships, to be known as `Head Start Fellowships', in 
     accordance with this subsection. The Secretary may award the 
     fellowships to individuals, to be known as `Head Start 
     Fellows', who are staff in local Head Start programs or other 
     individuals working in the field of child development and 
     family services.
       ``(2) Purpose.--The fellowship program established under 
     this subsection shall be designed to enhance the ability of 
     Head Start Fellows to make significant contributions to 
     programs authorized under this subchapter, by providing 
     opportunities to expand their knowledge and experience 
     through exposure to activities, issues, resources, and new 
     approaches, in the field of child development and family 
     services.
       ``(3) Assignments of fellows.--
       ``(A) Placement sites.--Fellowship positions under the 
     fellowship program may be located (subject to subparagraphs 
     (B) and (C))--
       ``(i) in agencies of the Department of Health and Human 
     Services administering programs authorized under this 
     subchapter (in national or regional offices of such 
     agencies);
       ``(ii) in local Head Start agencies and programs;
       ``(iii) in institutions of higher education;
       ``(iv) in public or private entities and organizations 
     concerned with services to children and families; and
       ``(v) in other appropriate settings.
       ``(B) Limitation for fellows other than head start 
     employees.--A Head Start Fellow who is not an employee of a 
     local Head Start agency or program may be placed only in a 
     fellowship position located in an agency or program specified 
     in clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (A).
       ``(C) No placement in lobbying organizations.--Head Start 
     Fellowship positions may not be located in any agency whose 
     primary purpose, or one of whose major purposes, is to 
     influence Federal, State, or local legislation.
       ``(4) Selection of fellows.--Head Start Fellowships shall 
     be awarded on a competitive basis to individuals (other than 
     Federal employees) selected from among applicants who are 
     working, on the date of application, in local Head Start 
     programs or otherwise working in the field of child 
     development and children and family services.
       ``(5) Duration.--Head Start Fellowships shall be for terms 
     of 1 year, and may be renewed for a term of 1 additional 
     year.
       ``(6) Authorized expenditures.--From amounts appropriated 
     under this subchapter and allotted under section 
     640(a)(2)(D), the Secretary is authorized to make 
     expenditures of not to exceed $1,000,000 for any fiscal year, 
     for stipends and other reasonable expenses of the fellowship 
     program.
       ``(7) Status of fellows.--Except as otherwise provided in 
     this paragraph, Head Start Fellows shall not be considered to 
     be employees or otherwise in the service or employment of the 
     Federal Government. Head Start Fellows shall be considered to 
     be employees for purposes of compensation for injuries under 
     chapter 81 of title 5, United States Code. Head Start Fellows 
     assigned to positions located in agencies specified in 
     paragraph (3)(A)(i) shall be considered employees in the 
     executive branch of the Federal Government for the purposes 
     of chapter 11 of title 18, United States Code, and for 
     purposes of any administrative standards of conduct 
     applicable to the employees of the agency to which they are 
     assigned.
       ``(8) Regulations.--The Secretary shall promulgate 
     regulations to carry out this subsection.
       ``(e) Model Staffing Plans.--Not later than 1 year after 
     the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary, in 
     consultation with appropriate public agencies, private 
     agencies, and organizations and with individuals with 
     expertise in the field of children and family services, shall 
     develop model staffing plans to provide guidance to local 
     Head Start agencies and programs on the numbers, types, 
     responsibilities, and qualifications of staff required to 
     operate a Head Start program.''.

     SEC. 116. RESEARCH, DEMONSTRATIONS, EVALUATION.

       Section 649 (42 U.S.C. 9844) is amended to read as follows:

     ``SEC. 649. RESEARCH, DEMONSTRATIONS, AND EVALUATION.

       ``(a) In General.--
       ``(1) Requirement; general purposes.--The Secretary shall 
     carry out a continuing program of research, demonstration, 
     and evaluation activities, in order to--
       ``(A) foster continuous improvement in the quality of the 
     Head Start programs under this subchapter and in their 
     effectiveness in enabling participating children and their 
     families to succeed in school and otherwise; and
       ``(B) use the Head Start programs to develop, test, and 
     disseminate new ideas and approaches for addressing the needs 
     of low-income preschool children (including children with 
     disabilities) and their families and communities, and 
     otherwise to further the purposes of this subchapter.
       ``(2) Plan.--The Secretary shall develop, and periodically 
     update, a plan governing the research, demonstration, and 
     evaluation activities under this section.
       ``(b) Conduct of Research, Demonstration, and Evaluation 
     Activities.--The Secretary, in order to conduct research, 
     demonstration, and evaluation activities under this section--
       ``(1) may carry out such activities directly, or through 
     grants to, or contracts or cooperative agreements with, 
     public or private entities;
       ``(2) shall, to the extent appropriate, undertake such 
     activities in collaboration with other Federal agencies, and 
     with non-Federal agencies, conducting similar activities;
       ``(3) shall ensure that evaluation of activities in a 
     specific program or project is conducted by persons not 
     directly involved in the operation of such program or 
     project;
       ``(4) may require Head Start agencies to provide for 
     independent evaluations;
       ``(5) may approve, in appropriate cases, community-based 
     cooperative research and evaluation efforts to enable Head 
     Start programs to collaborate with qualified researchers not 
     directly involved in program administration or operation; and
       ``(6) may collaborate with organizations with expertise in 
     inclusive educational strategies for preschoolers with 
     disabilities.
       ``(c) Consultation and Collaboration.--In carrying out 
     activities under this section, the Secretary shall--
       ``(1) consult with--
       ``(A) individuals from relevant academic disciplines;
       ``(B) individuals who are involved in the operation of Head 
     Start programs and individuals who are involved in the 
     operation of other child and family service programs; and
       ``(C) individuals from other Federal agencies, and 
     individuals from organizations, involved with children and 
     families, ensuring that the individuals described in this 
     subparagraph reflect the multicultural nature of the children 
     and families served by the Head Start programs and the 
     multidisciplinary nature of the Head Start programs;
       ``(2) whenever feasible and appropriate, obtain the views 
     of persons participating in and served by programs and 
     projects assisted under this subchapter with respect to 
     activities under this section; and
       ``(3) establish, to the extent appropriate, working 
     relationships with the faculties of institutions of higher 
     education, as defined in section 1201(a) of the Higher 
     Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1141(a)), located in the 
     area in which any evaluation under this section is being 
     conducted, unless there is no such institution of higher 
     education willing and able to participate in such evaluation.
       ``(d) Specific Objectives.--The research, demonstration, 
     and evaluation activities under this subchapter shall include 
     components designed to--
       ``(1) permit ongoing assessment of the quality and 
     effectiveness of the programs under this subchapter;
       ``(2) contribute to developing knowledge concerning factors 
     associated with the quality and effectiveness of Head Start 
     programs and in identifying ways in which services provided 
     under this subchapter may be improved;
       ``(3) assist in developing knowledge concerning the factors 
     that promote or inhibit healthy development and effective 
     functioning of children and their families both during and 
     following participation in a Head Start program;
       ``(4) permit comparisons of children and families 
     participating in Head Start programs with children and 
     families receiving other child care, early childhood 
     education, or child development services and with other 
     appropriate control groups;
       ``(5) contribute to understanding the characteristics and 
     needs of population groups eligible for services provided 
     under this subchapter and the impact of such services on the 
     individuals served and the communities in which such services 
     are provided;
       ``(6) provide for disseminating and promoting the use of 
     the findings from such research, demonstration, and 
     evaluation activities; and
       ``(7) promote exploration of areas in which knowledge is 
     insufficient, and that will otherwise contribute to 
     fulfilling the purposes of this subchapter.
       ``(e) Longitudinal Studies.--In developing priorities for 
     research, demonstration, and evaluation activities under this 
     section, the Secretary shall give special consideration to 
     longitudinal studies that--
       ``(1) examine the developmental progress of children and 
     their families both during and following participation in a 
     Head Start program, including the examination of factors that 
     contribute to or detract from such progress;
       ``(2) examine factors related to improving the quality of 
     the Head Start programs and the preparation the programs 
     provide for children and their families to function 
     effectively in schools and other settings in the years 
     following participation in such a program; and
       ``(3) as appropriate, permit comparison of children and 
     families participating in Head Start programs with children 
     and families receiving other child care, early childhood 
     education, or child development services, and with other 
     appropriate control groups.
       ``(f) Ownership of Results.--The Secretary shall take 
     necessary steps to ensure that all studies, reports, 
     proposals, and data produced or developed with Federal funds 
     under this subchapter shall become the property of the United 
     States.''.

     SEC. 117. ANNOUNCEMENTS AND EVALUATIONS.

       Section 650 (42 U.S.C. 9845) is repealed.

     SEC. 118. REPORTS.

       (a) In General.--Section 651 (42 U.S.C. 9846) is amended--
       (1) by striking the section heading and all that follows 
     through subsection (f) and inserting:

     ``SEC. 651. REPORTS.'';

       (2) by striking ``(g)'';
       (3) in paragraph (10), by striking ``evaluations conducted 
     under section 641(c)(2)'' and inserting ``monitoring 
     conducted under section 641A(c)''; and
       (4)(A) by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (11);
       (B) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (12) and 
     inserting ``; and''; and
       (C) by adding after paragraph (12) the following new 
     paragraph:
       ``(13) a summary of information concerning the research, 
     demonstration, and evaluation activities conducted under 
     section 649, including--
       ``(A) a status report on ongoing activities; and
       ``(B) results, conclusions, and recommendations, not 
     included in any previous report, based on completed 
     activities.''.
       (b) Redesignation.--Section 651 is redesignated as section 
     650.

     SEC. 119. REPEALS.

       Sections 651A and 652 (42 U.S.C. 9846a and 9847) are 
     repealed.

     SEC. 120. STUDY OF BENEFITS FOR HEAD START EMPLOYEES.

       (a) Study.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services 
     shall conduct a study regarding the benefits available to 
     individuals employed by Head Start agencies under the Head 
     Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.).
       (b) Report.--
       (1) Preparation.--The Secretary shall prepare a report, 
     containing the results of the study, that--
       (A) describes the benefits, including health care benefits, 
     family and medical leave, and retirement pension benefits, 
     available to such individuals;
       (B) includes recommendations for increasing the access of 
     the individuals to benefits, including access to a retirement 
     pension program; and
       (C) addresses the feasibility of participation by such 
     individuals in the Federal Employees' Retirement System under 
     chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code.
       (2) Submission.--The Secretary shall submit the report to 
     the appropriate committees of Congress.

     SEC. 121. AUTOMATIC ELIGIBILITY OF HEAD START PARTICIPANTS.

       The National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.) is 
     amended--
       (1) in section 9(b)(6) (42 U.S.C. 1758(b)(6))--
       (A) in subparagraph (A)--
       (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking ``a 
     member of'';
       (ii) in clause (i)--

       (I) by inserting ``a member of'' after ``(i)''; and
       (II) by striking ``or'' at the end of the clause;

       (iii) in clause (ii)--

       (I) by inserting ``a member of'' after ``(ii)''; and
       (II) by striking the period at the end of the clause and 
     inserting ``; or''; and

       (iv) by adding at the end the following new clause:
       ``(iii) enrolled as a participant in a Head Start program 
     authorized under the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.), 
     on the basis of a determination that the child is a member of 
     a family that meets the low-income criteria prescribed under 
     section 645(a)(1)(A) of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 
     9840(a)(1)(A)).''; and
       (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``food stamps or aid 
     to families with dependent children'' and inserting ``food 
     stamps, aid to families with dependent children, or 
     enrollment or participation in the Head Start program on the 
     basis described in subparagraph (A)(iii)''; and
       (2) in section 17(c) (42 U.S.C. 1766(c)), by adding at the 
     end the following new paragraph:
       ``(5) A child shall be considered automatically eligible 
     for benefits under this section without further application 
     or eligibility determination, if the child is enrolled as a 
     participant in a Head Start program authorized under the Head 
     Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.), on the basis of a 
     determination that the child is a member of a family that 
     meets the low-income criteria prescribed under section 
     645(a)(1)(A) of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 
     9840(a)(1)(A)).''.

     SEC. 122. READY TO LEARN PROGRAM REAUTHORIZATION.

       (a) Eligible Entities.--Section 4702(b)(1) of the 
     Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
     3161a(b)(1)) is amended by striking ``, nongovernmental 
     entity'' and inserting ``entity (including public 
     telecommunications entities)''.
       (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 4706(a) of 
     the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
     3161e(a)) is amended--
       (1) by striking ``$25,000,000 for fiscal year 1993'' and 
     inserting ``$30,000,000 for fiscal year 1995''; and
       (2) by striking ``for fiscal year 1994.'' and inserting 
     ``for each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997.''.

     SEC. 123. STATE DEPENDENT CARE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS.

       Section 670A of the State Dependent Care Development Grants 
     Act (42 U.S.C. 9871) is amended by striking ``are authorized 
     to be appropriated'' and all that follows and inserting ``is 
     authorized to be appropriated $13,000,000 for fiscal year 
     1995.''.

     SEC. 124. REAUTHORIZATION OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATE 
                   SCHOLARSHIP ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1985.

       Section 606 of the Child Development Associate Scholarship 
     Assistance Act of 1985 (42 U.S.C. 10905) is amended by 
     striking ``$1,500,000'' and all that follows and inserting 
     ``to carry out this title such sums as may be necessary for 
     fiscal year 1995.''.

     SEC. 125. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

       (a) Head Start Transition Project Act.--Section 133(a) of 
     the Head Start Transition Project Act is amended by striking 
     ``639(c)'' and inserting ``639(b)''.
       (b) Social Security Act.--Section 1924(d)(3)(A)(i) of the 
     Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396r-5(d)(3)(A)(i)) is 
     amended by striking ``sections 652 and 673(2)'' and inserting 
     ``section 673(2)''.

     SEC. 126. EFFECTIVE DATE AND APPLICATION.

       (a) Effective Date.--This title, and the amendments made by 
     this title, shall take effect on the date of enactment of 
     this title.
       (b) Application.--The requirements of this title and the 
     amendments made by this title shall not apply to Head Start 
     agencies and other recipients of financial assistance under 
     the Head Start Act until October 1, 1994.
          TITLE II--COMMUNITY SERVICES BLOCK GRANT AMENDMENTS

     SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE AND REFERENCES.

       (a) Short Title.--This title may be cited as the 
     ``Community Services Block Grant Amendments of 1994''.
       (b) References.--Except as otherwise expressly provided, 
     whenever in this title an amendment or repeal is expressed in 
     terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other 
     provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a 
     section or other provision of the Community Services Block 
     Grant Act (42 U.S.C. 9901 et seq.).

     SEC. 202. AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIATIONS.

       (a) Authorization of Appropriation and Repeal.--
       (1) Authorization of appropriations.--Subsection (b) of 
     section 672 (42 U.S.C. 9901(b)) is amended to read as 
     follows:
       ``(b) There are authorized to be appropriated $525,000,000 
     for fiscal year 1995, and such sums as may be necessary for 
     each of fiscal years 1996 through 1998, to carry out the 
     provisions of this subtitle.''.
       (2) Repeal.--Section 408 of the Human Services 
     Reauthorization Act of 1986 (42 U.S.C. 9910b) is repealed.
       (b) State Allocations.--Section 674 (42 U.S.C. 9903) is 
     amended--
       (1) by redesignating subsections (a), (b) and (c) as 
     subsections (b), (c) and (d), respectively; and
       (2) by inserting before subsection (b) (as so 
     redesignated), the following new subsection:
       ``(a) Of the amounts appropriated for a fiscal year 
     pursuant to section 672(b), the Secretary may reserve not 
     less than one-half of 1 percent and not more than 1 percent 
     for training, technical assistance, planning, and evaluation 
     activities related to programs or projects carried out under 
     this Act. Such activities may be carried out by the Secretary 
     directly or through grants, contracts, or cooperative 
     agreements.''.
       (c) Applications and Requirements.--
       (1) Form and assurances.--Section 675(a) (42 U.S.C. 
     9904(a)) is amended by inserting ``or significant amendments 
     thereof'' before ``shall contain assurances''.
       (2) Use of funds.--Section 675(c)(1) (42 U.S.C. 9904(c)(1)) 
     is amended by striking ``use the funds available under this 
     Act'' and inserting ``ensure that, at its discretion and 
     consistent with agreements with the State, each recipient of 
     funds available under this Act will use such funds''.
       (3) Assured activities.--Section 675(c)(1)(B) (42 U.S.C. 
     9904(c)(1)(B)) is amended by inserting ``homeless individuals 
     and families, migrants, and'' before ``the elderly poor''.
       (4) State responsibilities.--Section 675(c)(2)(B) (42 
     U.S.C. 9904(c)(2)(B)) is amended to read as follows:
       ``(B) if less than 100 percent of the allotment is expended 
     under subparagraph (A), provide assurances that with respect 
     to the remainder of the allotment a reasonable amount shall 
     be used for--
       ``(i) providing training and technical assistance to those 
     entities in need of such assistance and such activities will 
     not be considered administrative expenses;
       ``(ii) coordinating State-operated programs and services 
     targeted to low-income children and families with services 
     provided by eligible entities funded under this Act, 
     including outposting appropriate State or local public 
     employees into entities funded under this Act to ensure 
     increased access to services provided by such State or local 
     agencies;
       ``(iii) supporting statewide coordination and communication 
     among eligible entities;
       ``(iv) administrative expenses at the State level, 
     including monitoring activities, but not more than $55,000 or 
     5 percent of its allotment under section 674; and
       ``(v) considering the distribution of funds under this Act 
     within the State to determine if such funds have been 
     targeted to the areas of highest need.''.
       (5) Tripartite board.--Section 675(c)(3) (42 U.S.C. 
     9904(c)(3)) is amended--
       (A) by inserting ``selected by the community action agency 
     or nonprofit private organization and'' after ``board will 
     be'';
       (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) as 
     clauses (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively;
       (C) by striking the comma after ``provide assurances that'' 
     and inserting ``(A)''; and
       (D) by inserting before the semicolon at the end thereof 
     ``, and (B) in the case of a public organization receiving 
     funds under this subtitle, such organization either 
     establish--
       ``(i) a board of which at least one-third of the members 
     are persons chosen in accordance with democratic selection 
     procedures adequate to assure that they are representative of 
     the poor in the area served; or
       ``(ii) another mechanism specified by the State to assure 
     low-income citizen participation in the planning, 
     administration, and evaluation of projects for which such 
     organization has been funded;''.
       (6) Regulations.--The next to last sentence of section 
     675(c) (42 U.S.C. 9904(c)) is amended by striking ``may not'' 
     and inserting ``shall by regulation''.
       (d) Community Action Agency Plan.--Section 675(c) (42 
     U.S.C. 9904(c)) is amended--
       (1) in paragraph (11)--
       (A) by redesignating clauses (i) through (iii) of 
     subparagraph (A) as items (aa) through (cc), respectively;
       (B) by realigning the margin of the sentence beginning with 
     ``For purposes of'' so as to align with subparagraph (A) of 
     paragraph (1);
       (C) by striking ``For purposes of'' and inserting ``(A) For 
     purposes of'';
       (D) by striking ``(A) a statewide'' and inserting ``(i)(I) 
     a statewide'';
       (E) by striking ``(B) the failure'' and inserting ``(ii) 
     the failure'';
       (F) by inserting immediately before paragraph (12) the 
     following:
       ``(B) for purposes of making a determination with respect 
     to a termination, the term `cause' includes the material 
     failure of an eligible entity to comply with the terms of its 
     agreement and community action plan to provide services under 
     this subtitle;''.
       (2) in paragraph (12) by striking the period and inserting 
     a semicolon; and
       (3) by inserting after paragraph (12) the following new 
     paragraphs:
       ``(13) secure from each eligible entity as a condition to 
     its receipt of funding under this Act a community action plan 
     (which shall be available to the Secretary for inspection) 
     that includes--
       ``(A) a community needs assessment (including food needs);
       ``(B) a description of the service delivery system targeted 
     to low-income individuals and families in the service area;
       ``(C) a description of how linkages will be developed to 
     fill identified gaps in services through information, 
     referral, case management, and followup consultations;
       ``(D) a description of how funding under this Act will be 
     coordinated with other public and private resources; and
       ``(E) a description of outcome measures to be used to 
     monitor success in promoting self-sufficiency, family 
     stability, and community revitalization; and
       ``(14) provide assurances that cost and accounting 
     standards of the Office of Management and Budget shall apply 
     to a recipient of funds under this Act.''.
       (e) Public Inspections of Plans.--Section 675(d)(2) (42 
     U.S.C. 9904(d)(2)) is amended by inserting ``or revision'' 
     after ``Each plan''.
       (f) Audits.--The last sentence of section 675(f) (42 U.S.C. 
     9904(f)) is amended by inserting before ``to the 
     legislature'' the following: ``to the eligible entity at no 
     charge,''.

     SEC. 203. DISCRETIONARY AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY.

       (a) Training and Activities.--Section 681(a) (42 U.S.C. 
     9910(a)) is amended--
       (1) in the matter preceeding paragraph (1), by striking 
     ``to provide for--'' and inserting ``to provide for'';
       (2) by striking paragraphs (1) and (3);
       (3) in paragraph (2)--
       (A) by striking ``(2) ongoing'' and inserting ``ongoing'';
       (B) by striking ``including special emphasis programs for'' 
     and inserting ``with special emphasis on''; and
       (C) by striking subparagraphs (A) through (F); and
       (4) by inserting the following new paragraphs:
       ``(1) a Community Initiative Program, awarded on a 
     competitive basis, to fund private, nonprofit community 
     development corporations for the purposes of planning and 
     carrying out community and economic development activities in 
     economically distressed areas and in rural areas, as 
     described in subsection (c);
       ``(2) grants to eligible entities for the development and 
     implementation of innovative approaches to deal with critical 
     needs or problems of low-income individuals that are common 
     to a number of communities, including grants to provide 
     opportunities for leadership development, community 
     involvement and education success to disadvantaged persons 
     between the ages of 14 and 25; and
       ``(3) grants to support the design, development, and 
     widespread availability of interactive information technology 
     among the nationwide network of Community Service Block Grant 
     eligible entities, State administrators, national 
     associations and organizations, and program recipients to 
     promote electronic communication and access to program 
     information that would enhance the effective delivery of 
     social services.''.
       (b) Community Initiative Program.--Subsection (b) of 
     section 681 (42 U.S.C. 9910) is amended to read as follows:
       ``(b) Community Initiative Program.--
       ``(1) In general.--
       ``(A) Economic development activities.--Economic 
     development activities under this section shall be designed 
     to address the economic needs of low-income individuals and 
     families by creating employment and business development 
     opportunities.
       ``(B) Consultation.--The Secretary shall exercise the 
     authority provided under subparagraph (A) in consultation 
     with other relevant Federal officials.
       ``(C) Governing boards.--Each community development 
     corporation receiving funds under this section shall be 
     governed by a board that shall consist of residents of the 
     community and business and civic leaders and shall have as a 
     principal purpose planning, developing or managing low-income 
     housing and community development projects.
       ``(D) Geographic distribution.--In providing assistance or 
     entering into other arrangements under this section, the 
     Secretary shall take into consideration the geographic 
     distribution of funds among States and the relative 
     proportion of funding among rural and urban areas.
       ``(E) Reservation.--Of the amounts made available to carry 
     out this section, the Secretary may reserve not to exceed 1 
     percent for each fiscal year to make grants to private 
     nonprofit organizations or to enter into contracts with 
     private nonprofit or for profit organizations to provide 
     technical assistance to aid community development 
     corporations in developing or implementing projects funded 
     under this section and to evaluate projects funded under this 
     section.
       ``(2) Rural community development activities.--Rural 
     community development activities under this section shall 
     include--
       ``(A) grants to private, nonprofit corporations that 
     provide assistance to rural low-income families in home 
     repair and in planning and developing low-income rural rental 
     housing units; and
       ``(B) grants to multistate, regional private, nonprofit 
     organizations that provide training and technical assistance 
     to small, rural communities in meeting their community 
     facility needs.''.

     SEC. 204. COMMUNITY FOOD AND NUTRITION.

       Subsection (d) of section 681A (42 U.S.C. 9910a(d)) is 
     amended to read as follows:
       ``(d) There are authorized to be appropriated $25,000,000 
     for fiscal year 1995, and such sums as may be necessary for 
     each of fiscal years 1996 through 1998, to carry out this 
     section.''.

     SEC. 205. EFFECTIVE DATE.

       This title, and the amendments made by this title, shall 
     take effect on October 1, 1994.
        TITLE III--LOW-INCOME HOME ENERGY ASSISTANCE AMENDMENTS

     SECTION 301. SHORT TITLE AND REFERENCES.

       (a) Short Title.--This title may be cited as the ``Low-
     Income Home Energy Assistance Amendments of 1994''.
       (b) References.--Except as otherwise expressly provided, 
     whenever in this title an amendment or repeal is expressed in 
     terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other 
     provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a 
     section or other provision of the Low-Income Home Energy 
     Assistance Act of 1981 (42 U.S.C. 8621 et seq.).

     SEC. 302. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE.

       Subsection (a) of section 2602 (42 U.S.C. 8621(a)) is 
     amended to read as follows:
       ``(a) The Secretary is authorized to make grants, in 
     accordance with the provisions of this title, to States to 
     assist low-income households, particularly those that pay a 
     high proportion of household income for home energy, 
     primarily in meeting their immediate home energy needs and, 
     where appropriate, to reduce the energy needs and costs of 
     such households and thereby improve their capacity to meet 
     such needs in the future.''.

     SEC. 303. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

       (a) Amounts Authorized.--Section 2602 (42 U.S.C. 8621) is 
     amended--
       (1) in subsection (b), by striking ``this title'' and all 
     that follows through the end of the first sentence and 
     inserting ``this title, $2,000,000,000 for each of fiscal 
     years 1995 through 1999.''; and
       (2) in the last sentence of subsection (c)--
       (A) by striking ``July 1'' and inserting ``October 1''; and
       (B) by striking ``for which'' and inserting ``following the 
     year in which''.
       (b) Incentive Program for Leveraging Non-Federal Sources.--
     Subsection (d) of section 2602 (42 U.S.C. 8621(d)) is amended 
     to read as follows:
       ``(d) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
     section 2607A, $50,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1995 
     and 1996, and such sums as may be necessary for each of the 
     fiscal years 1997 through 1999.''.

     SEC. 304. EMERGENCY FUNDS.

       (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 2602 (42 
     U.S.C. 8621) as amended by section 3, is further amended by 
     adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
       ``(d) There are authorized to be appropriated in any fiscal 
     year for payments under this title, in addition to amounts 
     appropriated for distribution to all the States in accordance 
     with section 2604 (other than subsection (g)), $600,000,000 
     for each of the fiscal years 1995 through 1999, to meet the 
     additional home energy assistance needs of one or more States 
     arising from a natural disaster or other emergency. Funds 
     appropriated pursuant to this subsection are hereby 
     designated to be emergency requirements pursuant to section 
     251(b)(2)(D) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
     Control Act of 1985, except that such funds shall be made 
     available only after the submission to Congress of a formal 
     budget request by the President (for all or a part of the 
     appropriation pursuant to this subsection) that includes a 
     designation of the amount requested as an emergency 
     requirement as defined in such Act.''.
       (b) Home Energy.--Section 2603 (42 U.S.C. 8622(3)) is 
     amended--
       (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), 
     (6), and (7) as paragraphs (2), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), and 
     (9), respectively;
       (2) by inserting before paragraph (2) (as so redesignated), 
     the following new paragraph:
       ``(1) The term `energy burden' means the expenditures of 
     the household for home energy divided by the income of the 
     household.''; and
       (3) by inserting before paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), 
     the following new paragraph:
       ``(3) The term `highest home energy needs' means the home 
     energy requirements of households that include members of 
     vulnerable populations, including very young children and the 
     frail elderly.''
       (c) Allotment of Emergency Funds.--Section 2604 (42 U.S.C. 
     8623) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following 
     new subsection:
       ``(g) Notwithstanding subsections (a) through (f), the 
     Secretary may allot amounts appropriated pursuant to section 
     2602(d) to one or more than one State. In determining to 
     which State or States additional funds may be allotted, the 
     Secretary shall take into account the extent to which a State 
     was affected by the emergency or disaster, the availability 
     to an affected State of other resources under this or any 
     other program, and such other factors as the Secretary 
     determines relevant.''.

     SEC. 305. AUTHORIZED USES OF FUNDS.

       (a) In General.--Paragraph (1) of section 2605(b) (42 
     U.S.C. 8624(b)(1)) is amended to read as follows:
       ``(1) use the funds available under this title to--
       ``(A) conduct outreach activities and provide assistance to 
     low income households in meeting their home energy costs, 
     particularly those that pay a high proportion of household 
     income for home energy, consistent with paragraph (5);
       ``(B) intervene in energy crisis situations;
       ``(C) provide low-cost residential weatherization and other 
     cost-effective energy-related home repair; and
       ``(D) plan, develop, and administer the State's program 
     under this title including leveraging programs,
     and the State agrees not to use such funds for any purposes 
     other than those specified in this title;''.
       (b) Encouraged Reduced Home Energy Needs.--Section 2605(b) 
     (42 U.S.C. 8624(b)) is amended--
       (1) in paragraph (9)(B), by inserting before the semicolon 
     the following: ``(except for the costs of the activities 
     described in paragraph (16))'';
       (2) in paragraph (15), by striking the period and inserting 
     ``; and''; and
       (3) by inserting after paragraph (15) the following new 
     paragraph:
       ``(16) subject the use of such funds to the requirements of 
     paragraph (9)(A) if it uses such funds to provide services 
     that encourage and enable households to reduce their home 
     energy needs and thereby the need for energy assistance, 
     including needs assessments, counseling, and assistance with 
     energy vendors.''.

     SEC. 306. TARGETING OF ASSISTANCE TO HOUSEHOLDS WITH HIGH 
                   HOME ENERGY BURDENS.

       (a) Household Income.--Section 2605(b)(2)(B) (42 U.S.C. 
     8624(b)(2)(B)) is amended by striking the matter following 
     clause (ii) and inserting the following:
     ``except that a State may not exclude a household from 
     eligibility in a fiscal year solely on the basis of household 
     income if such income is less than 110 percent of the poverty 
     level for such State, but the State may give priority to 
     those households with the highest home energy costs or needs 
     in relation to household income;''.
       (b) Outreach Activities.--Section 2605(b)(3) (42 U.S.C. 
     8624(b)(3)) is amended by striking ``are made aware'' and 
     inserting ``and households with high home energy burdens, are 
     made aware''.
       (c) Assistance Levels.--Section 2605(b)(5) (42 U.S.C. 
     8624(b)(5)) is amended by inserting ``or needs'' after 
     ``highest energy costs''.
       (d) State Plan.--Section 2605(c)(1) (42 U.S.C. 8624(c)(1)) 
     is amended--
       (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) as 
     subparagraphs (F) and (H), respectively; and
       (2) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following new 
     subparagraph:
       ``(E) describes any steps that will be taken (in addition 
     to those necessary to carry out the assurance contained in 
     paragraph (5) of subsection (b)) to target assistance to 
     households with high home energy burdens;''.

     SEC. 307. REMOVAL OF CONSTRAINT ON SECRETARIAL PROGRAM 
                   GUIDANCE.

       Section 2605(b) (42 U.S.C. 8624(b)) is amended by striking 
     the first flush sentence immediately following paragraph 
     (14).

     SEC. 308. CLARIFICATION OF AUDIT REQUIREMENT.

       Section 2605 (42 U.S.C. 8624) is amended--
       (1) in subsection (b)(10), by striking ``and provide that'' 
     and all that follows and inserting ``and provide that the 
     State will comply with the provisions of chapter 75 of title 
     31, United States Code (commonly known as the `Single Audit 
     Act');''; and
       (2) in subsection (e), by striking ``at least every two 
     years'' and all that follows and inserting ``in accordance 
     with chapter 75 of title 31, United States Code.''.

     SEC. 309. USE OF DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY WEATHERIZATION RULES TO 
                   ACHIEVE PROGRAM CONSISTENCY.

       Section 2605(c)(1)(D) (42 U.S.C. 8624(c)(1)(D)) is amended 
     by inserting before the semicolon at the end thereof the 
     following: ``, including any steps the State will take to 
     address the weatherization and energy-related home repair 
     needs of households that have high home energy burdens, and 
     describes any rules promulgated by the Department of Energy 
     for administration of its Low Income Weatherization 
     Assistance Program which the State, to the extent permitted 
     by the Secretary to increase consistency between federally 
     assisted programs, will follow regarding the use of funds 
     provided under this title by the State for such 
     weatherization and energy-related home repairs and 
     improvements''.

     SEC. 310. MATTERS TO BE DESCRIBED IN ANNUAL APPLICATION.

       Section 2605(c)(1) (42 U.S.C. 8624(c)(1)) is amended--
       (1) in subparagraph (F) (as so redesignated by section 
     306(d) of this Act)--
       (A) by striking ``and (13)'' and inserting ``(13), and 
     (15)''; and
       (B) by striking ``and'' at the end thereof; and
       (2) by inserting after subparagraph (F) (as so redesignated 
     by section 306(d) of this Act), the following new 
     subparagraph:
       ``(G) states, with respect to the 12-month period specified 
     by the Secretary, the number and income levels of households 
     which apply and the number which are assisted with funds 
     provided under this title, and the number of households so 
     assisted with--
       ``(i) one or more members who has attained 60 years of age;
       ``(ii) one or more members who were disabled; and
       ``(iii) one or more young children; and''.

     SEC. 311. REPORT OF FUNDS AVAILABLE FOR OBLIGATION.

       Section 2607(a) (42 U.S.C. 8628(a)) is amended--
       (1) by inserting ``(1)'' after the subsection designation; 
     and
       (2) by adding at the end thereof the following new 
     paragraph:
       ``(2) Each State shall notify the Secretary, not later than 
     2 months prior to the close of a fiscal year, of the amount 
     (if any) of its allotment for such year that will not be 
     obligated in such year, and, if such State elects to submit a 
     request described in subsection (b)(2), such State shall 
     submit such request at the same time. The Secretary shall 
     make no payment under paragraph (1) to a State for a fiscal 
     year unless the State has complied with this paragraph with 
     respect to the prior fiscal year.''.

     SEC. 312. MISCELLANEOUS AND TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.

       (a) In General.--
       (1) Treatment of households.--Section 2605(b)(7)(D) (42 
     U.S.C. 8624(b)(7)(D)) is amended to read as follows:
       ``(D) ensure that the provision of vendored payments 
     remains at the option of the State in consultation with local 
     grantees and may be contingent on vendors taking appropriate 
     measures to alleviate the energy burdens of eligible 
     households, including providing for compacts between 
     suppliers and individuals eligible for benefits under this 
     Act that seek to reduce home energy costs, minimize the risks 
     of home energy crisis, and encourage regular payments by 
     individuals receiving financial assistance for home energy 
     costs;''.
       (2) Incentive program.--Section 2607A(e) (42 U.S.C. 
     8626a(e)) is amended by striking ``July 31, of each year'' 
     and inserting ``2 months after the close of the fiscal year 
     during which the State provided leveraged resources to 
     eligible households, as described in subsection (b)''.
       (3) Training and technical assistance.--Section 2609A(a) is 
     amended by striking ``$500,000'' and inserting ``$250,000''.
       (b) Technical Amendments.--
       (1) Section 2602(b) (42 U.S.C. 8621(b)) is amended--
       (A) by inserting ``(other than section 2607A)'' after ``to 
     carry out the provisions of this title''; and
       (B) by striking the second period at the end thereof.
       (2) Section 2603(2) (42 U.S.C. 8622(2)) is amended--
       (A) by striking ``the'' in paragraph (2) and inserting 
     ``The''; and
       (B) by striking the semicolon at the end thereof and 
     inserting a period.
       (3) The sentence that immediately precedes paragraph (15) 
     of section 2605(b) (42 U.S.C. 8624(b)) is transferred so as 
     to appear as a flush sentence immediately after paragraph 
     (16).
       (4) Section 2605(b)(3) (42 U.S.C. 8624(b)(3)) is amended by 
     striking ``handicapped'' and inserting ``disabled''.
       (5) Section 2607A(c)(2) (42 U.S.C. 8626a(c)(2)) is amended 
     by striking ``.0008 percent'' and inserting ``0.08 percent''.
       (6) Section 2610(a) (42 U.S.C. 8629(a)) is amended--
       (A) in paragraph (2), by striking the semicolon after 
     ``used'' and inserting a semicolon after ``title''; and
       (B) in paragraph (5)--
       (i) by striking ``handicapped'' and inserting ``disabled''; 
     and
       (ii) by inserting before the semicolon at the end thereof 
     ``or include young children''.

     SEC. 313. EFFECTIVE DATE.

       The amendments and repeals made by this title shall become 
     effective on October 1, 1994.
           TITLE IV--COMMUNITY-BASED FAMILY RESOURCE PROGRAMS

     SEC. 401. COMMUNITY-BASED FAMILY RESOURCE PROGRAMS.

       (a) In General.--Section 933 of the Claude Pepper Young 
     Americans Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12339) is amended to read as 
     follows:

     ``SEC. 933. COMMUNITY-BASED FAMILY RESOURCE PROGRAMS.

       ``(a) Purpose.--It is the purpose of this section to 
     promote a systemic approach to prevention through the 
     promotion of innovative funding mechanisms for networks of 
     comprehensive family resource services provided through 
     collaborative approaches, including public-private 
     partnerships.
       ``(b) Authority.--The Commissioner shall make grants to 
     States on a formula basis for the purpose of--
       ``(1) establishing and expanding statewide networks of 
     community-based family resource programs, including funds for 
     the initial costs of providing specific family resource 
     services, that ensure family involvement in the design and 
     operation of family resource programs which are responsive to 
     the unique and diverse strengths of children and families;
       ``(2) promoting child abuse and neglect prevention 
     activities;
       ``(3) promoting the establishment and operation of State 
     trust funds or other mechanisms for integrating child and 
     family services funding streams in order to provide flexible 
     funding for the development of community-based family 
     resource programs;
       ``(4) establishing or expanding community-based 
     collaboration to foster the development of a continuum of 
     preventive services for children and families, which are 
     family-centered and culturally-relevant; and
       ``(5) encouraging public and private partnerships in the 
     establishment and expansion of family resource programs.
       ``(c) Eligibility for Grants.--A State is eligible for a 
     grant under this section for any fiscal year if--
       ``(1) such State has established or maintained in the 
     previous fiscal year--
       ``(A) a trust fund, including appropriations for such fund; 
     or
       ``(B) any other mechanism that pools State, Federal, and 
     private funds for integrating child and family service 
     resources; and
       ``(2) such trust fund or other funding mechanism includes 
     (in whole or in part) provisions making funding available 
     specifically for a broad range of child abuse and neglect 
     prevention activities and family resource programs.
       ``(d) Amount of Grant.--
       ``(1) In general.--Amounts appropriated for a fiscal year 
     to provide grants under this section shall be allotted, among 
     eligible States in each fiscal year so that--
       ``(A) 50 percent of the total amount appropriated for such 
     fiscal year is allotted among each State based on the number 
     of children under the age of 18 residing in each State, 
     except that each State shall receive not less than $100,000; 
     and
       ``(B) the remaining 50 percent of the total amount 
     appropriated for such fiscal year is allotted in an amount 
     equal to 25 percent of the total amount allocated by each 
     such State to the State's trust fund or other mechanism for 
     integrating family resource services in the fiscal year prior 
     to the fiscal year for which the allotment is being 
     determined.
       ``(e) Existing Grants.--A State that has a grant in effect 
     on the date of enactment of this section under the Family 
     Resource and Support Program or the Temporary Child Care and 
     Crisis Nurseries Program shall continue to receive funds 
     under such Programs, subject to the original terms under 
     which such funds were granted, through the end of the 
     applicable grant cycle.
       ``(f) Application.--No grant may be made to any eligible 
     State under this section unless an application is prepared 
     and submitted to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, 
     and containing or accompanied by such information as the 
     Commissioner determines to be essential to carry out the 
     purposes and provisions of this section, including--
       ``(1) a description of the agency designated by the Chief 
     Executive Officer of the State to administer the funds 
     provided under this section and assume responsibility for 
     implementation and oversight of the family resource programs 
     and other child abuse and neglect prevention activities, and 
     an assurance that the agency so designated--
       ``(A) is the trust fund advisory board or an existing 
     quasi-public organization with interdisciplinary governance 
     that pools State, Federal, and private funds for family 
     resource programs or integrating child and family service 
     resources; or
       ``(B) with respect to a State without a trust fund 
     mechanism or quasi-public organization that meets the 
     requirements of subparagraph (A), is an existing State 
     agency, or other public, quasi-public, or nonprofit private 
     agency responsible for the development and implementation of 
     a statewide network of community-based family resource 
     programs;
       ``(2) assurances that the agency designated under paragraph 
     (1) can demonstrate the capacity to fulfill the purposes 
     described in subsection (a), and shall have--
       ``(A) a demonstrated ability to work with other State and 
     community-based agencies, to provide training and technical 
     assistance; and
       ``(B) a commitment to parental participation in the design 
     and implementation of family resource programs;
       ``(3) an assurance that the State has an interagency 
     process coordinated by the agency designated in paragraph (1) 
     for effective program development that--
       ``(A) does not duplicate existing processes for developing 
     collaborative efforts to better serve children and families;
       ``(B) provides a written plan for the establishment of a 
     network of family resource programs publicly available; and
       ``(C) involves appropriate personnel in the process, 
     including--
       ``(i) parents and prospective participants in family 
     resource programs, including respite care programs;
       ``(ii) staff of existing programs providing family resource 
     services, including staff of Head Start programs and 
     community action agencies that provide such services;
       ``(iii) representatives of State and local government such 
     as social service, health, mental health, education, 
     employment, economic development agencies, and organizations 
     providing community services activities;
       ``(iv) representatives of the business community;
       ``(v) representatives of general purpose local governments;
       ``(vi) representatives of groups with expertise in child 
     abuse prevention, including respite and crisis care;
       ``(vii) representatives of local communities in which 
     family resource programs are likely to be located; and
       ``(viii) other individuals with expertise in the services 
     that the family resource and support programs of the State 
     intend to offer;
       ``(4) a description of the current family resource programs 
     operating in the State, the current unmet need for the 
     services provided under such programs, including the need for 
     building increased capacity to provide specific family 
     resource services, including respite care, and the intended 
     scope of the State family resource program, the population to 
     be served, the manner in which the program will be operated, 
     and the manner in which such program will relate to other 
     community services and public agencies;
       ``(5) evidence that Federal assistance received under this 
     section--
       ``(A) has been supplemented with nonFederal public and 
     private assistance, including a description of the projected 
     level of financial commitment by the State to develop a 
     family resource program; and
       ``(B) will be used to supplement and not supplant other 
     State and local public funds expended for family resource 
     programs;
       ``(6) a description of the core services, as required by 
     this section, and other support services to be provided by 
     the program and the manner in which such services will be 
     provided, including the extent to which either family 
     resources, centers, home visiting, or community 
     collaboratives will be used;
       ``(7) a description of any public information activities 
     the agency designated in paragraph (1) will undertake for the 
     purpose of promoting family stability and preventing child 
     abuse and neglect, including child sexual abuse;
       ``(8) an assurance that the State will provide funds for 
     the initial startup costs associated with specific family 
     resource services, including respite services, and a 
     description of the services to be funded;
       ``(9) assurances that the State program will maintain 
     cultural diversity;
       ``(10) a description of the guidelines for requiring 
     parental involvement in State and local program development, 
     policy design, and governance and the process for assessing 
     and demonstrating that parental involvement in program 
     development, operation, and governance occurs;
       ``(11) a description of the State and community-based 
     interagency planning processes to be utilized to develop and 
     implement family resource programs;
       ``(12) a description of the criteria that the State will 
     utilize for awarding grants for local programs so that they 
     meet the requirements of subsection (g);
       ``(13) a plan for providing training, technical assistance, 
     and other assistance to local communities in program 
     development;
       ``(14) a description of the methods to be utilized to 
     evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the family 
     resource programs within the State;
       ``(15) a description of proposed actions by the State that 
     will reduce practical and regulatory barriers to the 
     provision of comprehensive services to families, including 
     family resource programs; and
       ``(16) an assurance that the State will provide the 
     Secretary with reports, at such time and containing such 
     information as the Secretary may require.
       ``(g) Local Program Requirements.--
       ``(1) In general.--A State that receives a grant under this 
     section shall use amounts received under such grant to 
     establish local family resource programs that--
       ``(A) undertake a community-based needs assessment and 
     program planning process which involves parents, and local 
     public and nonprofit agencies (including those responsible 
     for providing health, education, employment training, Head 
     Start and other early childhood, child welfare, and social 
     services);
       ``(B) develop a strategy to provide comprehensive services 
     to families to meet identified needs through collaboration, 
     including public-private partnerships;
       ``(C) identify appropriate community-based organizations to 
     administer such programs locally;
       ``(D) provide core services, and other services directly or 
     through contracts or agreements with other local agencies; 
     and
       ``(E) involve parents in the development, operation, and 
     governance of the program.
       ``(2) Priority.--In awarding local grants under this 
     section, a State shall give priority to programs serving low-
     income communities and programs serving young parents or 
     parents with young children and shall ensure that such grants 
     are equitably distributed among urban and rural areas.
       ``(h) Definitions.--As used in this section:
       ``(1) Community referral services.--The term `community 
     referral services' means services to assist families in 
     obtaining community resources, including respite services, 
     health and mental health services, employability development 
     and job training and other social services.
       ``(2) Family resource program.--The term `family resource 
     program' means a program that offers community-based services 
     that provide sustained assistance to families at various 
     stages in their development. Such services shall promote 
     parental competencies and behaviors that will lead to the 
     healthy and positive personal development of parents and 
     children through--
       ``(A) the provisions of assistance to build family skills 
     and assist parents in improving their capacities to be 
     supportive and nurturing parents;
       ``(B) the provision of assistance to families to enable 
     such families to use other formal and informal resources and 
     opportunities for assistance that are available within the 
     communities of such families; and
       ``(C) the creation of supportive networks to enhance the 
     childbearing capacity of parents and assist in compensating 
     for the increased social isolation and vulnerability of 
     families.
       ``(3) Family resource services.--The term `family resource 
     services' means--
       ``(A) core services that must be provided directly by the 
     family resource program under this section, including--
       ``(i) education and support services provided to assist 
     parents in acquiring parenting skills, learning about child 
     development, and responding appropriately to the behavior of 
     their children;
       ``(ii) early developmental screening of children to assess 
     the needs of such children and to identify the types of 
     support to be provided;
       ``(iii) outreach services;
       ``(iv) community referral services; and
       ``(v) follow-up services; and
       ``(B) other services, which may be provided either directly 
     or through referral, including--
       ``(i) early care and education (such as child care and Head 
     Start);
       ``(ii) respite care;
       ``(iii) job readiness and counseling services (including 
     skill training);
       ``(iv) education and literacy services;
       ``(v) nutritional education;
       ``(vi) life management skills training;
       ``(vii) peer counseling and crisis intervention, and family 
     violence counseling services;
       ``(viii) referral for health (including prenatal care) and 
     mental health services; and
       ``(ix) substance abuse treatment.
       ``(4) Interdisciplinary governance.--The term 
     `interdisciplinary governance' includes governance by 
     representatives from communities and representatives from 
     existing health, mental health, education, employment and 
     training, child welfare, and other agencies within the 
     State.''.
       ``(5) Respite services.--The term `respite services' means 
     short-term care services provided in the temporary absence of 
     the regular caregiver (parent, other relative, foster parent, 
     adoptive parent, guardian) to children who meet one or more 
     of the following categories:
       ``(A) The children are in danger of abuse or neglect.
       ``(B) The children have experienced abuse or neglect.
       ``(C) The children have disabilities, or chronic or 
     terminal illnesses.
     Services provided within or outside the child's home shall be 
     short-term care, ranging from a few hours to a few weeks of 
     time, per year, and be intended to enable the family to stay 
     together and to keep the child living in the child's home and 
     community.''.
       (b) Definition.--Section 926(7) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
     12332(7)) is amended by inserting ``, and other caretakers'' 
     after ``parents''.
       (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 934 of such 
     Act (42 U.S.C. 12340) is amended--
       (1) in paragraph (1) of subsection (a), to read as follows:
       ``(1) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
     section 931 such sums as may be necessary for each of the 
     fiscal years 1995 through 1998.''; and
       (2) in subsection (d), to read as follows:
       ``(h) Community-Based Family Resource Programs.--There are 
     authorized to be appropriated to carry out section 933, 
     $75,000,000 for fiscal year 1995, and such sums as may be 
     necessary for each of the fiscal years 1996 through 1998.''.
       (d) Repeal of Existing Programs.--
       (1) Community-based child abuse and neglect prevention 
     grants.--Title II of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment 
     Act (42 U.S.C. 5116 et seq.) is repealed.
       (2) Emergency child abuse prevention services grants.--Sec. 
     107A of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (42 
     U.S.C. 5106a-1) is repealed.
       (3) Temporary child care and crisis nurseries.--The 
     Temporary Child Care for Children with Disabilities and 
     Crisis Nurseries Act of 1986 (42 U.S.C. 5117 et seq.) is 
     repealed.

     SEC. 402. FEDERAL COUNCIL ON CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND FAMILIES.

       Section 918 of the Claude Pepper Young Americans Act of 
     1990 (42 U.S.C. 12314) is amended--
       (1) in subsection (k)--
       (A) in paragraph (3), by striking out ``and'' at the end 
     thereof;
       (B) in paragraph (4), by striking out the period and 
     inserting in lieu thereof a semicolon; and
       (C) by adding at the end thereof the following new 
     paragraphs:
       ``(6) identify program regulations, practices, and 
     eligibility requirements that impede coordination and 
     collaboration and make recommendations for their 
     modifications or elimination; and
       ``(7) develop recommendations for creating jointly funded 
     programs, unified assessments, eligibility, and application 
     procedures, and confidentiality protections that facilitate 
     information sharing.'';
       (2) in subsection (o), by striking ``1991 through 1994'' 
     and inserting ``1995 through 1998''; and
       (3) in subsection (p), by striking ``1995'' and inserting 
     ``1998''.

     SEC. 403. FAMILY RESOURCE ACT.

       (a) National Center.--Section 958(b)(3) of the Claude 
     Pepper Young Americans Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12353(b)(3)) is 
     amended by strike ``model''.
       (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 960 of the 
     Claude Pepper Young Americans Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12355) 
     is amended--
       (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``$2,300,000'' and all 
     that follows through the end thereof and inserting 
     ``$2,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1995 through 
     1998.''; and
       (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``$700,000'' and all 
     that follows through the end thereof and inserting 
     ``$1,000,000 for fiscal year 1995, and such sums as may be 
     necessary for each of the fiscal years 1996 through 1998.''.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Massachusetts.
  Mr. KENNEDY. Madam President, S. 2000, the Human Services 
Reauthorization of 1994, is an important step in developing a sensible 
family policy, and I urge the Senate to approve it.
  Bipartisan members of the Labor and Human Resources Committee in the 
Senate and the Education and Labor Committee in the House have worked 
closely with the administration in developing this legislation, which 
reauthorizes several of our Nation's most important antipoverty 
programs.
  Our goal is to provide a high-quality Head Start experience to all 
eligible families in need. This legislation reaffirms our belief in the 
core elements of the program. It takes what is good about Head Start 
and makes it even better. It enhances program quality and extends the 
program's reach, making it more responsive to current needs.
  Low-income children and families today face enormous challenges. They 
are struggling to survive in neighborhoods plagued by violence, drugs, 
and lack of opportunity. Since we last reauthorized Head Start in 1990, 
the number of children growing up in poverty has increased 
dramatically--and so has the pressure on Head Start programs to help 
turn the tide.
  This is most true of the youngest and most vulnerable children--those 
under the age of 3. The General Accounting Office recently reported a 
26-percent increase in the number of infants and toddlers growing up in 
poverty.
  Today one out of every five children is born into poverty--twice the 
rate for the elderly. In Springfield, MA, the figure is one out of 
every three. In Detroit, it is one out of every two. These figures are 
an indictment of our society and all that we stand for.
  If we are serious about reducing juvenile crime and welfare 
dependency and promoting family values and school readiness, Head Start 
must continue to be a centerpiece of our community-based response. Head 
Start strengthens families, builds communities, and gives children a 
chance.
  Current research and the program's long track record of success 
demonstrate that Head Start achieves positive results, including 
greater economic independence, fewer juvenile crimes, and fewer school 
failures. For the price of a single space in a juvenile detention 
facility, we can provide a full-day, full-year Head Start experience 
for five young people. Prevention is more productive than prison--and 
it is far more cost effective.
  Too many children live on the edge of despair--and many have only 
Head Start to turn to. Drug dealers and gang leaders get to them 
young--and one of the greatest challenges we face is to get to them 
first.
  It is for this reason that the Attorney General, the FBI Director, 
and the drug czar have all joined in support of increased Head Start 
funding.
  But for Head Start to live up to its potential, it needs additional 
authority, support, and resources. And that is what this bill will 
deliver.
  This legislation is a centerpiece of President Clinton's Invest in 
America plan. Children are our most valuable resources and our best 
investment in the Nation's future.
  Funding for Head Start in the current fiscal year is $3.2 billion. 
Under the so-called current services budget, which reflects annual 
increases for inflation, we would be spending $14 billion on Head Start 
over the next 4 years.
  This bill supports President Clinton's budget request and meets his 
Invest in America goal by providing for an additional $6 billion for 
Head Start over that 4-year period. That represents a 43-percent 
increase in funding, for a total expenditure of $20 billion on Head 
Start over the next 4 years.
  The act builds on the commitment to program quality in the 1990 
reauthorization. It sets aside at least 25 percent of all new funds for 
quality improvements. These funds will be used to offer training and 
career development opportunities to dedicated Head Start staff. They 
will help provide a living wage and health benefits, in order to reduce 
staff turnover and increase continuity of care.
  The funds will also be used to increase the number of family service 
workers in Head Start programs. We must reduce staff caseloads to 
facilitate more extensive family support and encourage family literacy, 
parental involvement, and other services.
  The act also puts a stronger oversight system in place. Programs that 
have been squeezed into trying to do too much with too little will be 
given the support to improve. But those that cannot make the grade will 
be opened up to others that can. Children and families deserve no less 
than the best we can provide.
  The act also expands the program to reach more eligible families and 
to meet their needs more effectively. With the funds in the President's 
budget request, the act will create more Head Start slots, and more 
full-day, full-year programs to meet the needs of low-income working 
parents. If we are serious about promoting self-sufficiency, we must be 
prepared to assist in removing more obstacles.
  In addition, it has become clear that Head Start needs to provide an 
earlier start. Last week, the Carnegie report--entitled ``Meeting the 
Needs of Our Youngest Children''--called for a national mobilization in 
support of low-income children at the earliest ages.
  This bill is a major step toward meeting that challenge. It sets 
aside approximately $1 billion over 5 years to provide one-stop 
shopping, family-friendly services from pregnancy to preschool. These 
formative years are vital for the physical, social, emotional, and 
intellectual development of children.
  During this period, new parents can benefit most from training in 
parenting skills and information on early childhood development. We 
know that programs don't raise children--parents do. Government is not 
taking over parenting. But a family-centered approach will help parents 
to do a better job of raising their own children--right from the start.
  The lessons we have learned from the Comprehensive Child Development 
Centers and the Parent Child Centers have been incorporated into this 
bill--and I am pleased we are moving forward with this effort.
  We must also continue to work with the public school system to ease 
the transition from Head Start to elementary school. The act continues 
and expands this commitment.
  I look forward to working with my colleagues as we move forward with 
ESEA to ensure that we do all we can to stimulate cooperation and 
coordination at the local level.
  But Head Start is about more than coordination and monitoring. It is 
about small children and poor families struggling against the rising 
tide of poverty, violence, drugs, and hopelessness. It is about giving 
hope a chance--and helping families build a future.
  More than 1,000 families, from every State in the Nation, have taken 
the time to write to my office to let us know what Head Start means to 
them.
  One letter sums up what Head Start can do. It was sent by William 
Bryant, a single father in Plymouth, MA. He wrote:

     Dear Head Start,
       Thank you for the gift certificate for food at Christmas. 
     It made things easier for me and better for the children.
       Thank you for the help with fuel assistance. It helped to 
     keep me from falling into debt.
       Thank you to the staff and teachers, who visit our home 
     with concern for our family goals.
       Thank you for the medical staff, who notify me of tests and 
     shots and checkups with the doctors. More importantly, thank 
     you for noticing my child's hearing problem. She is one of 
     only 5% of children with a lot of fluid in her ears. In order 
     to not become infected, she needs to have tubes put in. 
     Nobody noticed the problem until Head Start told me she 
     needed to be examined. Now she is scheduled for surgery, and 
     I am very grateful.
       I could go on and on. The staff in general are the most 
     concerned of any agency, department or facility I've ever 
     been involved with.
       I am just one of many grateful parents.
           Signed, William Bryant.

  We have received comments like that from all 50 States, and they have 
inspired us to do more. This legislation will ensure families a better 
Head Start.
  This legislation also includes two other priorities--the Community 
Services Block Grant and the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program.
  CSBG reauthorizes the community action programs and community 
development corporations that serve on the frontlines of the war on 
poverty.
  We know we are falling behind. In recent years, we have witnessed a 
much greater rise in the number of families living in poverty than in 
the resources dedicated to reducing it.
  We know that complex social problems do not come in neat categorical 
packages--but far too often our responses do. Community action programs 
were created to respond to the needs of individuals, families, and 
communities in a holistic manner--not piecemeal. And in communities 
across the country, these community-based public-private partnerships 
are an integral part of the low-income service delivery network.
  In reauthorizing the Community Services Block Grant, we seek to 
promote self-sufficiency, family stability, and community 
revitalization. The goal is to provide resources and support to develop 
community action plans for moving forward, and to set realistic ways 
for measuring progress.
  In addition, we call on the States to provide more support and 
technical assistance. We require them to enhance their coordination 
with Community Action Programs, and to make State WIC, Medicaid, and 
child support services more accessible to parents who need them.
  We all know the fine work done by community development corporations. 
These nonprofit organizations develop housing, build and renovate 
commercial and industrial facilities, create jobs, and provide 
financial and technical support to local business enterprises. Their 
funds come not from just the Federal grant, but from a variety of 
public and private sources. They are demonstrating that even in the 
most embattled communities, people, given a chance, can build 
productive futures. The community activities are continued and expanded 
as part of the total CSBG effort.
  Finallyd, the bill authorizes the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance 
Program. This year's winter weather in New England and across the 
country demonstrated the lifesaving nature of LIHEAP. President Clinton 
recognized the importance of this program by approving a $300 million 
emergency appropriation to help low-income families pay for the fuel 
they need to survive. Without this heating assistance, we would have 
lost far more lives.
  No parents should have to chose between heating their homes and 
feeding their children. Yet, every winter, doctors in Boston and cities 
across the country see the number of malnourished children triple as 
fuel costs rise.
  Thanks to LIHEAP, many families are spared from making the ``heat or 
eat'' decision.
  This bipartisan legislation puts families first. It moves forward 
with our desire to reinvent Government by consolidating similar 
programs, by establishing outcome measures, and by paying for 
performance. And while it will surely benefit millions of American 
families living in poverty, it is equally important to our society as a 
whole.
  For American business that seeks a skilled and educated work force--
for American families who seek safe streets--and for all American 
citizens who seek a country true to its ideals--this is essential 
legislation, and I urge the Senate to approve it.
  I would like to take this opportunity to thank the people without 
whom this legislation would never have happened.
  First and foremost, I would like to thank the Labor and Human 
Resources Committee staff--from both sides of the aisle--who worked 
extremely well together on this effort. I hope this bipartisan 
cooperation will continue as we move forward with the remainder of our 
agenda.
  Specifically, I would like to thank Patty Cole, from Senator Dodd's 
subcommittee staff, Kimberly Barnes-O'Conner from Senator Kassebaum's 
staff, and Stephanie Monroe from Senator Coats' staff. Together with 
Midrell Iskowitz, my counsel, and Catriana McDonald, a legislative 
fellow in my office--they formed the Senate team that made S. 2000 a 
reality. They are to be commended for their efforts.
  In the House, I would like to thank Alan Lopatin of Chairman Ford's 
staff, Lee Cowen of Representative Goodling's staff, and Les Sweeting 
and Terry Daschler of Representative Martinez' subcommittee staff. They 
did a great job marking up the bill in the Ed and Labor Committee 
today--and they too are to be congratulated for their efforts.
  And we could not forget our friends in the administration who--from 
the start--have been committed to an inclusive, productive, and 
bipartisan process. I commend Secretary Shalala for establishing the 
Head Start Advisory Committee that ``jump started'' the process, 
brought the staff together, and created the family that hung together 
throughout this legislative process.
  I would also like to thank her able staff including Mary Jo Bane, 
Olivia Golden, Helen Taylor, John Busa, Rich Tarlin, and Mary 
Burdette--who reminded us how helpful it is to design programs with 
those who actually implement them--I must say--it has been a while.
  Last and most certainly not least--I would like to thank a few 
special individuals who never give up and give in--but keep on keeping 
on in the name of America's children. I would like to recognize three 
longstanding friends of children and friends of the Labor and Human 
Resources Committee--Joan Lombardi, now with HHS, Helen Blank of the 
Children's Defense Fund, and Bill Harris of KIDS Project.
  Their energy and their commitment knows no bounds and I am grateful 
for their tireless efforts and for their friendship.
  And we could not conclude without thanking those in the community 
struggling day after day to give these words real meaning. Our work 
here is far easier than theirs. In the Head Start community, I would 
like to send a special thank you to Linda Likens of the National Head 
Start Association, Janice Stanos of the New England Head Start 
Association, and Marie Galvin of the Massachusetts Head Start 
Association. And to the thousands of Head Start teacher and family 
services workers who give it their all everyday--this one's for you.
  To the community action programs, community development corporations, 
community food and nutrition advocates, fuel assistance providers, and 
all of the other frontline workers who use the resources authorized 
under this act--I thank you for your dedication, your commitment, and 
your efforts.
  Mr. DODD addressed the Chair.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Connecticut.
  Mr. DODD. Madam President, let me commence by first of all thanking 
the distinguished chairman of the committee, Senator Kennedy, for once 
again his extremely valuable leadership on this issue and its many 
components, the most important of which may be the extension of Head 
Start to infants and toddlers zero to 3.
  In fact, today the Subcommittee on Children and Families held a 
hearing on the Elementary and Secondary Education Act focusing on a 
transition period for Head Start into regular school, taking some of 
the very valuable concepts of Head Start and trying to extend them into 
the normal school process of young children.
  It was noted that in Head Start programs roughly 60 percent of the 
parents participate, and yet in kindergarten, the very next year, that 
percentage of parental involvement drops to about 23 percent. And we 
all appreciate the value of parental involvement in children's 
education.
  What the Senator from Massachusetts is suggesting here is that even 
in the earlier stages Head Start can make a substantial difference in a 
child's life. We need to extend the lessons of Head Start both upward 
and downward.
  And so while I chair the subcommittee, as my colleagues would 
certainly appreciate, without the backing, leadership and strong 
support of the full committee, none of this happens. Senator Kennedy 
has done a remarkable job once again in this area.
  Madam President, let me just mention a couple of things about this 
bill very briefly. It is a late hour. And again I am appreciative of 
the leadership for scheduling this even at this late hour so that we 
can move on.
  As the chairman of the committee, Senator Kennedy, pointed out, this 
bill comes out of the Labor and Human Resources Committee with a 17 to 
zero vote--another example I think of how this committee has been able 
on numerous occasions to develop bipartisan legislation.
  I should like to entend my thanks to Senator Nancy Kassebaum and 
Senator Dan Coats of Indiana for their support and leadership on this 
issue, on the Republican side. Senator Coats and I have worked on a 
number of issues together. He, as the ranking minority member of my 
subcommittee, played a pivotal role on the family and medical leave 
bill, and once again demonstrated strong leadership in this area.
  And secondly, I'd like to recognize the services of Secretary of 
Health and Human Services, Donna Shalala, who did a splendid job.
  As my colleagues are aware, a few months ago serious questions were 
raised about the quality of Head Start programs, and many of those 
questions were very legitimate. While some might have chosen to fight 
that kind of criticism, Donna Shalala promptly reached out to those 
raising those concerns and worked with them.
  This legislation incorporates provisions which will help to maximize 
the quality of Head Start programs and to guarantee us in coming years 
the ability to monitor and watch that quality as well.
  The timing of this bill happened to occur, Madam President, 
coincidentally with two reports that came out last week.
  Two years ago, I asked the General Accounting Office to examine the 
condition of infants and toddlers and their their economic status in 
this country.
  Part of that report was released about 6 or 7 months ago. The last 
part of it came out exactly on the very day that the Carnegie study 
emerged as well, a lengthy study examining the condition of these 
children.
  The General Accounting Office report, Madam President, showed that 
the number of poor children under the age of 6 grew by more than 25 
percent during the 1980's. In fact, I did not ask for the study to 
particularly examine my home State of Connecticut, but in Hartford, CT 
some 47 percent of its young children are poor, the second highest 
child poverty rate in the United States of America next to Detroit.
  Youngest Americans are the poorest Americans. We are the only 
industrialized nation in the world with that unique distinction. In any 
other industrialized nation, as most people might predict, the poorest 
sector of the population are older people who have finished their 
working years, living on some fixed income. Costs continue to rise, and 
unfortunately these individuals find themselves not in the strongest 
financial shape. We are the only nation that has as the poorest sector 
of our population our children, our infants. On the average, 26 percent 
of infants and toddlers are growing up in poverty.
  Now, it is not an excuse later on for these children to end up in a 
juvenile justice system or as substance abusers or dropping out of 
school.
  But the facts of life are such that there is a high degree of 
predictability. If you begin life far behind the 8 ball, as these 
infants do, you are much more likely to end up doing just that, ending 
up in our juvenile justice system, ending up being teen mothers and 
teen fathers, end up being substance abusers, end up dropping out of 
school and on the public assistance rolls of our Nation.
  So these numbers ought to cause alarm across this Nation. They are a 
warning sign of what we are up against if those numbers continue to 
rise. And they have been rising.
  This legislation, as the Senator from Massachusetts points out, does 
not solve every one of these issues. But it does point us in the right 
direction. It does try to assist in these areas by providing some 
assistance.
  Let me just mention very briefly what it does. The Carnegie study 
suggested the need for a comprehensive approach to the terrible 
problems of child poverty. This bill contains several provisions with 
just such a comprehensive approach.
  But before looking at that, I just want to point out to my 
colleagues, the poverty rates for the population of the United States. 
It may be difficult for some to read. But here are infants toddlers, 
zero to 2 years of age; that is their poverty rate, the highest in the 
country; 3 to 4; 5 to 17 and so forth. Here are older Americans again--
with a much lower poverty rate. If you begin life in this country and 
you are the poorest in our society, odds are you will face tremendous 
difficulties later on.
  The second chart deals with the various groups of families 
categorized as married couples and single mothers.
  Again, you see here we have children, of married couples with a 
poverty rate of 12.8 percent. Among whites it is 9 percent; 21 percent 
in Afro-Americans; 30 percent for Hispanics. That is with married 
couples. Now go over here to single mothers. These numbers go right off 
the chart. Just look at Hispanic single mothers. Their children, 73 
percent, three-quarters of these children are poor, and the numbers are 
not far behind in the Afro-American community either.
  So these are children under the age 3. Those are the conditions they 
are being reared in.
  This bill mirrors the recommendation of the Carnegie Foundation. It 
takes Head Start as a model program that helps the whole child; that 
is, with education, nutrition, and family services. It takes very 
concrete steps to ensure quality. The bill contains a set aside, as I 
mentioned, for younger children, to bring the power of Head Start to 
all of them.
  The Senator from Massachusetts, Senator Kennedy, deserves tremendous 
credit for pursuing that particular idea and incorporating it in this 
bill.
  S. 2000 also contains provisions which I wrote to consolidate four 
existing programs into one community-based family resource program. We 
have heard about trying to consolidate in a number of areas. We do it 
here. It creates what I call a ``seamless garment" for the whole 
family.
  Too often we think about families in need of the WIC programs. We 
hear about Head Start families. We hear about families that have needs 
in housing, or in a variety of areas. In fact, it is all the same 
family. A WIC family is a Head Start family, is a family that needs 
housing or health care as well.
  This legislation encourages the States to in a sense reinvent 
Government in ways that will serve these families most effectively.
  The bill also contains critical social services programs, low-income 
energy assistance, and community services bloc grants. Low-income 
energy assistance is a critical part of that safety net needed to meet 
the continually rising residential energy costs that so many parts of 
the country, including ours in New England, face every year.
  The Community Services Block Grant pioneered coordinated community 
services many years ago, and we are just trying to bring that into line 
with the needs of today.
  This bill is important both for the programs it encompasses and the 
statement it makes about the significance this body places on lending a 
helping hand to children and other vulnerable Americans. So broad based 
is the appeal of this legislation that it was reported out of the Labor 
Committee by a unanimous vote on April 13. The bipartisanship and 
particularly the leadership shown by Senators Kennedy and Kassebaum are 
a testament to the urgency of the subject we are addressing and the 
responses this bill contains.
  This legislation is urgently needed because it could form part of the 
cure to a grave illness that has beset our Nation. The symptoms of this 
illness are becoming increasingly evident. And like many diseases, this 
one has first attacked the most susceptible parts of the body, those 
parts with fewer and weaker defenses.
  I am talking of course about our Nation's children, for they are the 
ones bearing the brunt of the social cancer ravaging our country. 
Economic dislocation, the disintegration of the family, rising crime, 
and declining health--each of these social ills has taken a terrible 
toll on our youngest citizens. This diagnosis was delivered last week 
by two highly respected, nonpartisan organizations.


                               gao report

  First, there was a report I commissioned from the General Accounting 
Office about the economic status of infants and toddlers in America. It 
paralleled a similar report on preschool-aged children I received from 
the GAO last summer. These reports contained a number of startling 
statistics:
  The number of poor children under the age of 6 in America increased 
by more than 25 percent during the 1980's.
  These numbers are worse in urban areas: 47 percent of young children 
living in the capital of my own State of Connecticut are poor, making 
Hartford the American city with the second highest child poverty rate.
  The youngest Americans are also the poorest Americans. Those with 
political power in this country--adults of working age and senior 
citizens--have markedly lower poverty rates.
  And the problem is growing worse: All but three States saw an 
increase in the number of poor infants and toddlers from 1980 and 1990.
  The opportunities for overcoming their disadvantages are few: In 
1990, only about one in three children ages 3 or 4 participated in a 
preschool program.


                            carnegie report

  On the heels of the GAO report, the Carnegie Foundation released a 
major study that echoed its findings:
  One in four young children is in poverty--up from 20 percent just in 
the time that elapsed between the 1990 census data used in the GAO 
study and the 1993 information used by Carnegie.
  The study demonstrates the terribly high poverty rate for children 
under 3 being raised by single mothers. For children under 3 raised by 
single Hispanic mothers, the poverty rate approaches 75 percent.
  Between 1960 and 1988 the percentage of births in America to 
unmarried mothers rose from 5 percent to 26 percent.
  Between 1971 and 1991 the number of children under the age of 6 
increased by less than 10 percent but the number of poor children under 
the age of 6 increased by 60 percent.
  The Carnegie Foundation report contained more than sobering 
statistics like these: it contains recommendations on how we might 
reverse them. As the Carnegie report suggests, we need to assess 
families' problems in a comprehensive way and meet them in a 
comprehensive way, with initiatives like family and medical leave, Head 
Start, neighborhood family and child centers, child care, and violence 
prevention.


                               head start

  The centerpiece of today's legislation is one that the Carnegie 
Foundation singled out for praise. Head Start has long been a model 
program, because it pays attention to the whole child. To make sure 
that the child has enough to eat, it provides nutritious meals. To make 
sure that the child enters school ready to learn, it provides 
developmental enrichment. To make sure that the child has a healthy 
home life, it provides an array of social services for families.
  All together, this package helps give children the edge they will 
need to cut through the thicket of social problems described by the GAO 
and the Carnegie Foundation. We have all heard testimonials about Head 
Start effectiveness. I would like to take this opportunity to share 
just one, from a mother in Lake Orion, MI.
  She wrote me recently about the power of Head Start, and what it 
meant for her daughter.

       Until January of 1993 I didn't have a clue about Head Start 
     or what it could mean to a child and or parent. I have to 
     tell you on graduation day every child who had attended the 
     class took something positive away with him or her * * * 
     whether it be feeling more sure of themselves [or] the shine 
     of hope and pride in all the little faces, and believe me I 
     did see that look on all faces. And then and probably only 
     then did I realize what exactly Head Start could mean to the 
     future of these children and all children who qualify for the 
     program.

  The reauthorization of Head Start we are considering today would 
build on the success of the program and shore up its weaknesses. The 
bill continues the provision enacted in 1990 that sets aside one-fourth 
of all new appropriations for improving quality. This money already has 
helped programs raise staff salaries, provide needed training, and 
improve facilities and equipment.
  To ensure that programs are offering quality services, the 
legislation strengthens performance standards and monitoring procedures 
so that programs that cannot correct their deficiencies within 1 year 
are defunded. The bill seeks to build the work force Head Start needs 
to guide children into the next century by developing qualifications 
and credentials for family service workers and creating innovative 
approaches such as mentor teachers and Head Start fellowships.
  The reauthorization of Head Start also contains a set-aside for 
expanded services to families with infants and toddlers. It takes the 
comprehensive approach associated with Head Start and expands it to 
vulnerable children at the earliest possible age. Such an expansion is 
one of the Carnegie report's key recommendations.


                        family resource centers

  The bill also contains a provision I authored to consolidate several 
existing programs into an expanded community-based family resource 
program. This new grant to States would help build networks of 
comprehensive family resource centers and services and promote a 
systematic approach to prevention. The concept of community-based 
family and child centers that provide support to families was also 
endorsed by the Carnegie report.
  The approach rests on two guiding principles: Locality and 
flexibility. It would provide comprehensive services at the local level 
where they can do the most good, and it would encourage States to 
approach family assistance creatively. This initiative also gives 
families a voice in how services are provided in their communities.
  Family resource services are about prevention, preventing problems 
before they cause serious harm to children and families and preventing 
problems before they become a serious drain on other Federal assistance 
programs. The bill would authorize this program at $75 million for 
fiscal 1995. This represents an increase over the total fiscal 1994 
appropriations for the four consolidated programs, but it is far from 
enough.


                     community services block grant

  A third piece of the Human Services Act is also built around the 
concept of comprehensive, community-based services. I am referring to 
the reauthorization of the community services block grant, which 
provides base funding to our nationwide network of community action 
agencies. There are nearly 1,000 such agencies nationwide, and they 
serve 99 percent of all American counties.
  Although the community services block grant [CSBG] was established 
through the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1981, its roots extend back 
to Lyndon Johnson's war on poverty. The idea was a simple one: Provide 
comprehensive services, allow local people to tailor them to fit local 
needs, and give the low-income people in need of services a say in how 
those services are provided.
  Community action agencies and other organizations receiving community 
services block grant funding use the money to provide crisis assistance 
for families, to create linkages among other Federal programs, to offer 
nutrition programs and to provide a number of other social services.
  The reauthorization that is part of S. 2000 would strengthen this 
program by making groups supported by it more accountable for the 
dollars they spend. It would also take a number of steps to consolidate 
and reorganize the small discretionary programs authorized through this 
bill.


                   low-income home energy assistance

  The final component to the Human Services Act is the Low-Income Home 
Energy Assistance Program [LIHEAP], a critical segment of the safety 
net we try to provide for our most vulnerable citizens. LIHEAP provides 
millions of American families, many of them with elderly or disabled 
members, with the bit of extra help they need to pay for one of modern 
life's essentials: residential energy.
  The bill before us would reauthorize LIHEAP at $2 billion for fiscal 
1995. This puts Congress on record opposing the budget cuts that have 
been proposed for the program. The bill also reinforces LIHEAP's 
primary mission to help disadvantaged individuals afford energy bills 
that would otherwise prove to be unaffordable.
  In addition, the bill would create a permanent authorization for the 
LIHEAP emergency fund and would allow the Secretary to target the money 
during particularly harsh winters. Currently, Congress must act to 
waive the normal LIHEAP formula before the release of emergency fund, 
as happened earlier this year.
  We were lucky that the earthquake relief bill provided a speedy 
vehicle to grant this waiver. In future winters, such a convenient 
vehicle might not be available and without the change we are proposing 
today, millions might go cold.


                               conclusion

  The bill before us will certainly not eradicate poverty or solve 
every social problem we have. But it will certainly take us further 
down the road toward that goal. I hope all of my colleagues will join 
me in supporting it.
  Madam President, Senator Kennedy mentioned, of course, that this work 
does not get done without terrific staff work. There are many people to 
congratulate and thank. I want to point out specifically the work of 
Patty Cole, of my staff, and Joe Palmore, who did a terrific job in 
working with the majority staff and the minority staff, Senator 
Kennedy's staff, and others to put this together.
  Senator Kennedy said in some ways--at this late hour there are very 
few people here for this--but this is a very important piece of 
legislation, a critical element of our efforts to see to it that we 
will be a strong and vibrant Nation in the 21st Century.
  I think it is worthwhile to note there was a program this evening on 
one of the networks, I think the American Broadcasting Co. [ABC], that 
talked about the things we really ought to be worried about in this 
country, the real serious threats. Poverty is one of them. If you are 
living in poverty in the United States, your life expectancy is 7 to 10 
years shorter than other Americans. If you begin life as these children 
do, growing up in poverty, that is not only a threat to us in society, 
but it is a threat to them in their lives. So everyone suffers when 
these children suffer. This legislation we hope will be a significant 
step in reversing those trends.
  Madam President, I yield the floor.
  Mr. BINGAMAN. Madam President, it has come to my attention that 
energy education has proven to be an effective method of increasing 
energy efficiency, and thus the goals of LIHEAP. It is my understanding 
that our colleagues in the House may include language in their version 
of the legislation we are considering today that would promote energy 
education. Would the Senator from Connecticut be inclined to consider 
energy education measures in conference?
  Mr. DODD. Madam President, I would indeed be inclined to favorably 
consider energy education measures that did not detract from LIHEAP's 
central purpose, which is to help low-income people pay their energy 
bills. I would also encourage States and energy vendors to support such 
activities with their own funds. In times of fiscal constraint, it is 
important that we explore every opportunity to maximize the resources 
available for providing low-income families with adequate energy.
  Mr. WOFFORD. Madam President, I am pleased to cosponsor the 
legislation we are considering to improve and expand Head Start. Today, 
as violence pervades the lives of so many young children, the need for 
Head Start is greater than ever.
  The Head Start program is one of the best and most cost effective 
educational investments we can make. It enables needy children to start 
school ready and able to learn. Head Start lowers the drop-out rate and 
the illiteracy rate, and gives our most vulnerable children the tools 
they need to succeed in school.
  Yet today only a third of eligible children participate in Head 
Start. Clearly we must expand Head Start to enable all eligible 
children to participate. But the quality of Head Start programs across 
the country is uneven. We must not merely increase the number of 
children served without ensuring that they are served well. This 
legislation expands Head Start--but also improves the quality of the 
programs. The goal of this legislation is that every Head Start center 
will offer high quality and comprehensive family and educational 
services. The quality improvements called for in this legislation 
include further staff development, more effective federal oversight, 
providing full day or full year services and services to younger 
children, improving family literacy and strengthening linkages with 
elementary schools.
  The legislation we are voting on today is the first serious effort to 
improve the quality of the Head Start program. We will need the vision 
that created Head Start if we are to adapt it to fit the challenges 
facing our children in the 1990's--increasing youth violence, drug 
abuse, and teen pregnancy. Welfare reform and education reform are just 
empty rhetoric if we don't give our most vulnerable children the tools 
they need to succeed.
  Mr. DURENBERGER. Madam President, I rise to support final passage of 
S. 2000, legislation reauthorizing the Community Service Block Grant 
Act and the Head Start Act. I have supported both of these important 
programs during my entire 16 years of service in the Senate and look 
forward to swift completion of this reauthorization, hopefully in time 
to be signed into law on Head Start's 30th anniversary, on May 18.
  This Head Start reauthorization enjoys strong bi-partisan support at 
least in part because of the extensive consultation that went into its 
drafting. And, on the merits, this bill deserves passage because it 
responds to the growing interest in using Head Start expansion funds to 
improve quality, as well as expand the numbers of children served.
  There is no question that initiatives to improve quality must include 
more business-like management practices in Head Start programs, 
increased compensation for teachers and other employees, upgraded 
facilities, and other program ``inputs''.
  But, I also believe this authorization will force increased attention 
to improved outcomes--improved health and nutrition for children, 
better preparation for kindergarten, lower levels of family illiteracy, 
and--in general--better support low income families.
  I am also hopeful that this reauthorization will contribute to a 
greater degree of collaboration between Head Start and child care and 
other child and family support services in each local community.
  That hope became more urgent for me during the recent Easter recess 
when I had the opportunity to meet with a group of Head Start and child 
care advocates in Minnesota.
  One of the themes of that meeting was that collaboration among child 
and family service programs is especially important to the growing 
number of Head Start parents who are working or in school as part of 
federal and state welfare reform initiatives. And, as additional 
changes are made in AFDC and other welfare programs, we are likely to 
see even more Head Start parents needing--and qualifying for--child 
care services that extend beyond the traditional part-day, part-week 
Head Start program.
  Fortunately, Head Start and other early childhood advocates are 
starting to respond to this growing need. In fact, five different 
examples of child care/Head Start collaboration or other locally 
designed Head Start delivery models were described to me in some detail 
during the meeting I held in Minnesota during the Easter recess.
  Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that a summary of the 
initiatives, along with a listing of those who participated in the 
meeting be printed at the conclusion of my statement.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  (See exhibit 1.)
  Mr. DURENBERGER. Madam President, all five of these initiatives are 
program models other than the traditional full-day, part-day, or home-
based models used by most Head Start agencies. All five meet or exceed 
Head Start's performance standards. And, all five are designed to help 
meet the changing needs of today's Head Start families.
  In each case, however, the directors of these initiatives expressed 
serious concerns that they will not be allowed to continue or replicate 
these highly innovative programs. Reasons for that concern range from 
uncertainty about future funding availability to bureaucratic 
resistance.


                   the need to encourage flexibility

  Madam President, there is no question that Head Start is serving a 
different and more complex set of family needs today than were being 
served when the program was established 25 years ago. Beyond the 
increased stress placed on all families in the 1990's, the most 
dramatic changes is the need that many Head Start families now have 
full- or part-time child care outside the half-day, school year program 
traditionally offered by most Head Start agencies.
  Many parents in these families are working, in school or in job 
training programs as a condition of receiving AFDC or other income 
support assistance. The need for these services will continue to grow 
as work or job preparation requirements are included in Federal and 
State welfare reform initiatives.
  At the same time, there are a large number of public and nonprofit, 
services and programs available to assist these same families--
including programs that offer subsidized child care. So, especially 
from the perspective of the families involved, there is a growing need 
to encourage collaboration between these programs and Head Start--to 
have various services provided at the same site, to be able to mix 
funding sources, and to simplify differing eligibility and reporting 
requirements.
  Fortunately, Head Start has historically recognized the need for 
different delivery models based on differences in family preferences 
and the demographics of local communities. The most obvious variations 
are Head Start's home-based program and the combination center-based/
home-based programs that are especially well-suited for less densely-
populated rural or suburban areas.

  These options also respond to preferences that many parents have for 
services that are delivered in the home rather than in a larger group 
setting.
  This respect for community and parent differences was reinforced in 
the most recent round of Head Start rulemaking, by articulating three 
different delivery options and by retaining authority on the part of a 
senior HHS administrator to approved other locally designed options.
  This centralized appeal and approval process is time consuming, 
costly, and burdensome, however, and may discourage agencies from 
designing and requesting approval for locally designed options. This 
may be especially true in smaller agencies or agencies in rural areas 
where collaboration may be even more difficult because there are fewer 
organized child care and other support services available.
  According to several of the Head Start directors I met with in 
Minnesota, there also appears to be a presumption in the current system 
that more traditional delivery models are preferred--perhaps because 
they are easier to monitor and hold accountable.
  In fact, one irony in the current laudable move to better monitor 
Head Start quality and agency performance is that computerized data 
gathering is much easier if programs are uniform in how they are 
organized. The same may be true in designing and testing new forms of 
results-oriented accountability.
  Madam President, it's important to point out that Head Start has 
always been a grass-roots, community and family-responsive program. So 
having flexibility to tailor programs to meet unique community and 
family needs is in keeping with the original purpose and history of 
Head Start.
  That is why I feel so strongly that this reauthorization be used to 
encourage Head Start administrators to use expansion funding to offer 
financial and other incentives to design unique and innovative local 
delivery options--as long as the underlying principles and strengths of 
Head Start are maintained and as long as local needs and results-
oriented performance standards are met.
  Because of the importance of maximizing the use of all available 
resources, any real or perceived barriers to collaboration with other 
agencies and programs should also be removed. That would include 
barriers to mixing funding sources and contracting with other agencies 
who may actually employ teachers and other staff.

  In addition, Madam President, there should be a presumption that 
locally designed delivery options are acceptable unless its's 
determined that they do not meet results-oriented standards through the 
normal Head Start oversight process.
  And, finally, whatever changes are needed in Head Start performance 
standards to promote an innovation-friendly environment should be made.
  Madam President, at least some encouragement to innovate and 
collaborate may have to wait until we take up the child care components 
of welfare reform later this year. But, I strongly believe 
implementation of this Head Start reauthorization represents an 
excellent opportunity to allow maximum flexibility in local communities 
to use combined funding, waivers, demonstrations and administrative 
flexibility to help meet the changing needs of Head Start families.
  To seize that opportunity, I believe Head Start administrators should 
do four things as they implement this reauthorization:
  First, include the changing needs of Head Start families for child 
care and the potential for collaboration with child care and other 
early childhood and family services to Head Start's new quality 
standards.
  Second, ensure that new performance measures created for Head Start 
agencies be adaptable for non-traditional program options including 
collaborations with local child care programs.
  Third, reward collaboration with other community organizations 
serving children and families in the allocation of expansion funds 
within states.
  And, finally, use Head Start's R&D program to encourage the 
development and testing of innovative locally designed program options 
including programs that involve collaboration with child care and other 
child and family service programs.
  Madam President, I was an original cosponsor of this Head Start 
reauthorization legislation. And, I intend to vote to adopt this 
legislation today.
  At the same time, I believe the full potential for serving today's 
low income families and children will depend on how this legislation is 
implemented and administered.
  Now more than ever, Head Start must be responsive to the changing 
needs of the families it serves. That means Head Start must be flexible 
enough to meet those needs through a variety of different program 
models. And, it means Head Start must encourage collaboration with 
child care and other services available to those same families.
  With that kind of locally initiated flexibility and collaboration, 
Head Start will enter its second 30 years an even stronger and more 
effective resource for this children and families of this nation.
  Thank you, Madam President, I yield the floor.

                               Exhibit 1

 Meeting the Changing Needs of Low Income Families--A Brief Summary of 
 Head Start Child Care Collaborations and Other Locally Designed Head 
                   Start Program Options in Minnesota

       On March 30, U.S. Senator Dave Durenberger met with a group 
     of Head Start and other early childhood advocates in 
     Minnesota to discuss this year's reauthorization of the Head 
     Start program.
       The meeting included discussion of five different Head 
     Start programs in Minnesota. All five involve either 
     collaboration with other early childhood programs or a way of 
     delivering Head Start services other than the traditional 
     full- or part-day or home-based models.
       Following is a brief summary of these five programs 
     including how they are authorized and funded and barriers to 
     their continuation or replication; as well as a listing of 
     participants in the March 30 meeting.


    Example 1--Parents in Community Action (PICA) split-week program

       Parents in Community Action, Inc. (PICA) is Minnesota's 
     largest Head Start agency, serving Minneapolis and most of 
     its Hennepin County suburbs. For the past 15 years, PICA has 
     run much of its program on a split-schedule program, with 
     three six-hour days of service for half the school year and 
     two six-hour days of service for the remainder of the school 
     year. Currently, the large majority of the approximately 2300 
     children enrolled in PICA Head Start programs are on a split-
     week schedule.
       PICA has found a high degree of parent satisfaction with 
     this scheduling option since it better accommodates parents' 
     work, education and child care schedules and arrangements. It 
     also results in savings on transportation expense when 
     compared to half-day programs. And, it results in each child 
     receiving 27 percent more classroom time than they would 
     under the traditional half-day model (3.5 hours per day for 
     at least four days per week).
       Despite its positive past record, high degree of parent 
     satisfaction, and higher than required volume of classroom 
     time, PICA has been notified by Head Start's Chicago regional 
     volume that its split-week schedule is not in compliance with 
     the agency's regulations and that it must come into 
     compliance within a ``reasonable time,'' starting with use of 
     the next round of expansion funding.
       With support from Senator Durenberger and other members of 
     the Minnesota Congressional Delegation, PICA is now appealing 
     this decision to the Commissioner of HHS's Administration on 
     Children, Youth and Families. This appeal is being made under 
     a provision of Head Start rules that allows the Commissioner 
     to fund alternative program variations ``to meet the unique 
     needs of communities or to demonstrate or test alternative 
     approaches for providing Head Start services.''


           example 2--carver-scott-dakota scholarship program

       The Head Start agency serving Scott, Carver and Dakota 
     Counties delivers services to 20-25 percent of its roughly 
     450 children through ``scholarships'' it make available to 
     eligible families. The program has been in place for nine 
     years.
       These scholarships are used to place children in six 
     different private or non-profit day care centers, nursery 
     schools and pre-schools located throughout the agency's three 
     suburban and rural counties which are located south and 
     southwest of Minneapolis. The remainder of the agency's 
     children are served through more traditional part-day, home-
     based, and combination home-based/center-based programs. The 
     agency has eight centers of its own which are used 
     exclusively for Head Start programs.
       In addition to getting the group experience, the Head Start 
     families in the scholarship program also get home visits, and 
     the other health, nutrition and family support services 
     required by Head Start's performance standards.
       At the present time, this program retains the traditional 
     half-day service model and does not include combining funding 
     with child care or other early childhood program funds. There 
     is some collaboration with the programs where children are 
     placed, however, including availability of training to non-
     Head Start staff, regular visits and consultation from Head 
     Start teachers, and access to comprehensive Head Start 
     services for non-Head Start children and families in these 
     programs.
       According to the program's director, this locally designed 
     option is popular with parents because it offers a group 
     environment in lower density areas that might not have enough 
     eligible children to justify a conveniently located Head 
     Start center.
       This program also saves money on transportation since the 
     centers are closer to where families live and, the Head Start 
     agency saves money on expansion-driven start-up expenses--
     including renovation of licensable facilities--by using 
     existing programs that already meet facility and other 
     licensing requirements.
       Finally, this ``scholarship'' option appeals to at least 
     some parents who prefer to ``main-stream'' their children 
     with children from a variety of income groups, rather than 
     having them placed in a Head Start center that serves only 
     low income children.
       Despite nine years of experience with this program and a 
     high degree of parent satisfaction, the local Head Start 
     agency is now getting signals from the HHS Chicago regional 
     office that it would rather not deal with a variety of 
     locally designed options. In particular, it appears that the 
     regional office is designing its reporting, oversight and 
     quality monitoring initiatives in ways that discourage non-
     traditional programs models because they are harder to 
     monitor and evaluate than are traditional full- and half-day 
     or home-based options.


  example 3--Ramsey Action Program collaboration with Children's Home 
                                Society

       A third alternative delivery model now operating in 
     Minnesota represents a more advanced version of the above 
     ``scholarship model'' for offering Head Start services in 
     collaboration with other early childhood programs.
       Under this model, the grantee--Ramsey Action Programs 
     (RAP)--has an arrangement with a non-profit day care center 
     run by the Children's Home Society that is located in the St. 
     Paul Technical College. The joint program began in 1991 after 
     almost four years of discussions and planning involving the 
     two agencies.
       Currently 27 of the 34 children enrolled in this center are 
     in the RAP Head Start program. They are all children of 
     parents who are taking courses at the Technical College to 
     meet the education/job training requirements of the STRIDE 
     welfare reform program.
       Under the agreement between RAP and the Children's Home 
     Society, 48 percent of the cost of placing these children in 
     the full-day program is paid by Head Start. The other 52 
     percent comes from a combination of public and private 
     funding sources including United Way, the child care subsidy 
     their parents are entailed to under the STRIDE program, and 
     the child care food program.
       According to the center's director, the program's 
     advantages include the availability of full-day care for 
     children of parents going to school; increased parent 
     involvement because the center is located in the Technical 
     College building, and extra training for the center's 
     personnel through the RAP Head Start program.
       According to RAP's Head Start director, this model also has 
     the potential to ease the difficulty that many Head Start 
     programs have in finding licensable space for expansion. In 
     some areas, licensable space may not be available, but there 
     may be unused capacity in existing licensed day care centers.
       RAP would like to enter into similar collaborative ventures 
     with other child care programs. And, the Chicago regional 
     office has been supportive of this model up this point. 
     However, the regional office did not like the fact that 
     Children's Home Society retained responsibility for hiring 
     the day care center's employees. The concern is that this 
     arrangement resembles delegating operations to a ``sub-
     grantee'' without going through the approval, accountability 
     and oversight procedures required of subgrantees under Head 
     Start's authorizing law, its administrative rules, and its 
     performance standards. As a result, proposals for similar 
     collaborations between RAP and Children's Home Society have 
     not been approved.


  example 4--lakes and pines head start collaboration with someplace 
                 special child care center in cambridge

       The Lakes and Pines Head Start program has traditionally 
     used home-based services in the largely rural and small town 
     area it serves between the northern edge of the Twin Cities 
     and Duluth. It currently provides Head Start services to 
     approximately 400 children in home-based settings.
       In recent years, however, there has been increasing demand 
     from parents who are working or going to school for center-
     based and full-time services.
       In response, the Lakes and Pines Head Start agency is now 
     in the first year of a collaborative venture with the 
     Someplace Special Child Care Center which is located in the 
     Cambridge Memorial Hospital. Under this program, eight of the 
     20 children in the center are Head Start children. Two are 
     enrolled part-time and the other six are full-time.
       Under this arrangement, enhanced staffing is provided by a 
     Head Start teacher who works in the center. Non-personnel 
     expenses are split on a pro-rated basis between Head Start 
     and the center. Additional comprehensive Head Start services 
     are also offered outside the child care setting.
       This partnership is supported through a Cornerstone grant 
     from the Minnesota Department of Jobs and Training. Other 
     revenue sources include child care subsidies, state Early 
     Childhood and Family Education funds, and the child care food 
     program. Because of parent interest, the Lakes and Pines 
     agency is now applying for permission to run a second 
     collaborative program with a day care center in Cloquet.
       According to the agency's director, additional flexibility 
     is needed in mixing funding sources. He also believes that 
     child care programs should be offered financial incentives 
     and a source of start-up or cash flow funding will be needed 
     in order to make this type of collaboration readily 
     available.
       Finally, the Lakes and Pines director urged that Head Start 
     administrators be open-minded about these types of 
     innovations. He noted that, although the Cambridge program 
     has been approved by Head Start officials, there is no 
     assurance that the Cloquet proposal or other similar 
     collaborations will be approved in the future.


         example 5--mahube head start family child care project

       The final model explored during the March 30 meeting with 
     Senator Durenberger is a demonstration now being run by the 
     MAHUBE Head Start agency that serves three primarily rural 
     counties in northwestern Minnesota (Becker, Hubbard and 
     Mahnomen). The project is funded by the HHS Head Start Bureau 
     under a three year grant which was awarded in 1991. It is now 
     in its second year.
       This project includes up to 40 four year old children each 
     year who are placed in up to ten licensed family day care 
     homes through-out the three county area. The option is 
     available to income eligible parents who are working, in 
     school or training, or seeking employment.
       Comprehensive Head Start services including education, 
     health nutrition, mental health, parent involvement and 
     social services are provided to each child and his or her 
     family in addition to full or part-day child care. The 
     maximum number of children in each home is limited to six in 
     order to ensure high quality, individualized care.
       The licensed child care providers who participate are 
     placed on the Head Start Agency's payroll. They received 
     training and at a minimum, each provider has the Child 
     Development Associate (CDA) credential and 12 college credits 
     in early childhood education. Licensing is done by the county 
     social service department using the same rules and procedures 
     that apply to other licensed family day car providers in 
     Minnesota.
       The MAHUBE Head Start agency provides overall management 
     and support to the program, as well as the full-range of 
     support and other services provided to children and families 
     under more traditional Head Start models. Funding comes from 
     both Head Start and county sliding fee child care funds. 
     Extensive evaluation is being done of the relative impact of 
     this option on children compared to a control group in a 
     traditional center-based program in the same agency.
       According to the program's director, parents like this 
     option because it combines needed child care with Head Start 
     services in one convenient location. It also allows Head 
     Start services to be disbursed in what is a lower density 
     rural area, making Head Start services conveniently 
     accessible to more eligible parents.
       The child care providers who participate also benefit from 
     increased income, more time to focus on fewer children, 
     additional training, supplies and equipment, and peer support 
     from other providers in the program.
       According to MAHUBE's director, Head Start's performance 
     standards should be changed to accommodate alternative 
     delivery models like the one being used in this 
     demonstration. She believes that the performance standards 
     should place more emphasis on outcomes to be achieved by non-
     traditional programs so that there could be a fairer basis 
     for deciding whether they should be approved and continued. 
     She also believes non-traditional programs designed to meet 
     unique community needs ``should be encouraged, not just 
     tolerated.''


             participants in march 30 meeting in minnesota

       U.S. Senator Dave Durenberger.
       Jon Schroeder, Minnesota Director for Sen. Dave 
     Durenberger.
       Carol Brennan, child care center director, Children's Home 
     Society, St. Paul.
       Polly Keppel, executive director, Child Care Works, 
     Minneapolis.
       Nancy Runnigen, president, Minnesota Head Start Directors 
     Association; director SEMCAC Head Start program, Rushford.
       Valerie Peterson, child care center director, Cambridge 
     Memorial Hospital.
       Gretchen Hengemuhle, school collaboration coordinator, 
     Parents in Community Action, Minneapolis.
       Alyce Dillon, executive director, Parents in Community 
     Action, Minneapolis.
       Robert Benes, director, Lakes and Pines Head Start program, 
     Mora.
       Dale Anderson, director, Ramsey Action Programs, St. Paul.
       Jackie Olafson, Children's Home Society, St. Paul.
       Karen Svendsen, child care center director, Children's Home 
     Society, St. Paul.
       Jim Nicholie, assistant executive director, Greater 
     Minneapolis Day Care Association, Minneapolis.
       Francie Mathes, director, Scott-Carver-Dakota Head Start 
     program, Burnsville.
       Leah Pigatti, director, MAHUBE Head Start program, Detroit 
     Lakes.
       Bill Fairman, director, Ramsey Action Program Head Start 
     program, St. Paul.
  Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Madam President, I rise in support of the 
reauthorization of the Head Start Program, which provides essential and 
effective services to low-income children and their families throughout 
this country.
  The effectiveness of a comprehensive approach: The key to the Head 
Start Program is its comprehensiveness. Because it includes teaching of 
interpersonal skills, academic concepts, parent involvement, nutrition, 
and hygiene, Head Start is much more than a day-care program, and more 
than many preschool programs. In fact, Head Start addresses the needs 
of both the children and their parents, and as a result has been one of 
the most successful and popular Federal programs of the last 25 years.
  During my travels throughout California, I have spoken about the Head 
Start Program, and everywhere I go people understand the need for early 
childhood programs to help poor children. This popularity is due in 
part to the fact that Head Start is an effective program, and in 
participants in high-quality Head Start programs have been shown to 
have a much higher likelihood of remaining healthy, succeeding in 
school, graduating from school, and becoming employed after graduation.
  According to Children Now, studies also show that Head Start is 
effective in preparing children for future success, by making them less 
likely to be placed in special education or held back in school. Head 
Start parents also read to their children more and support their 
children's efforts in school, behaviors that are essential for 
children's success.
  In some high-quality Head Start programs that have been studied in 
the past, the gains achieved and the costs saved have been significant.
  According to the Children's Defense Fund, while there has been no 
large-scale longitudinal study of the program's effectiveness, high-
quality programs like Head Start--such as the Perry Preschool Program 
in Ypsilanti, MI--have been shown to save as much as $7 for every $1 
invested over a participant's lifetime.
  The program is so cost-effective because it is balanced against the 
costs of special and remedial education, incarceration, and other 
social services--such as welfare and publicly funded medical care--that 
low-income often children require throughout their lives.
  For example, according to the High/Scope Perry Preschool Study of 
participants who have now reach age 27, ``adults born in poverty who 
attended a high-quality, active learning preschool program at ages 3 
and 4 have half as many criminal arrests, higher earnings and property 
wealth, and greater commitment to marriage.''
  Over 70 percent of participants had graduated from high school 
compared to 54 percent of the comparison group.
  Only 7 percent of participants had been arrested more than five times 
compared to 35 percent of the comparison group.
  Almost 30 percent of participants were earning more than $2,000 per 
month, compared to only 7 percent of the comparison group.
  While not all programs have the same high quality, and some program 
effects appear to fade in the years following the program, it still 
seems clear that the program has made a tremendous difference in many 
children's and families' lives, and that an expanded, quality Head 
Start Program will prove increasingly effective over the next five 
years.
  The importance of family commitment: I have gone to schools and 
talked to youngsters, and I have seen that without a family's 
commitment, the education of the child cannot succeed. This is 
confirmed by studies that show that the commitment and involvement of 
the family is the most important indicator of the child's educational 
achievement.

  With the full support and participation of the family, however, 
children can begin learning essential skills and habits very clearly on 
in life, and these accomplishments will serve them extremely well as 
they continue in school and move on to work.
  Head Start develops this family commitment, because parent 
participation is an integral part of the program. Those who are 
involved with Head Start know that education does not just occur 
between the teacher and the child; parents must become their children's 
teachers, and Head Start helps this to happen in situations where the 
parents might not know how to become involved most effectively.
  The Need for Head Start: Despite the significant expansion of the 
Head Start Program over the last four years; Head Start still only 
serves fewer than half of the eligible children in the Nation. In 
California and throughout the country, childhood poverty is growing 
faster than the program can expand.
  As a result, even though Head Start participation has increased to 
nearly 714,000 children--a 50-percent increase since 1989--only half of 
the four-year-olds and a fifth of the eligible three-year-olds are 
enrolled, and, according to the GAO, only 1 percent of poor families 
and toddlers are able to participate.
  California: In California, the rise in childhood poverty has been 
especially pronounced, making the need for continued expansion in the 
Head Start Program all the more essential. According to a recent report 
issued by the Children's Advocacy Institute, there are now more than 2 
million children in California alone who live in poverty and are, as a 
result, ill fed, and in poor health:
  Childhood poverty in California has increased by 40 percent over the 
last 5 years.
  Thirty percent of the children under age 6 in the State now live in 
poverty.
  According to Children Now, a California-based advocacy organization, 
because California has so many poor children, only one fourth of 
eligible children in my State can participate in Head Start, leaving 
out 165,000 eligible in the state.
  Improvements to the Current Program: As a long-standing supporter of 
this program, I am pleased that so many improvements have been 
incorporated in the reauthorizing language, so that the quality and 
consistency of Head Start can be improved and maintained as it 
continues to expand to meet the growing numbers of poor children who 
are eligible to participate.
  The bill marked out of committee includes several provisions to 
improve program quality through staff development and implementation of 
key standards, including a requirement that 25 percent of new funds go 
toward program improvement.
  In addition, the bill targets expansion funds to States with large 
numbers of unserved children, such as California.
  Improvements in the access of Head Start services to Native American 
children are another key feature of the reauthorization for California.
  Conclusion: For these reasons, I urge your support for the 
reauthorization of Head Start. Poor children in California and other 
States deserve the chance to benefit from this program which has been 
so successful and has such tremendous potential to become even more 
effective in the future.
  Mr. HARKIN. Madam President, I am pleased to support the Human 
Services Reauthorization of 1994. I would like to recognize the Senator 
Kennedy for his strong leadership in forging this bipartisan 
legislation.
  This bill reauthorizes three very important human service programs--
Head Start, the Community Services Block Grant and the Low-Income Home 
Energy Assistance Program.
  The first national education goal states that by the year 2000, all 
children will start school ready to learn. I have spoken on many 
occasions about the importance of this goal. It is the cornerstone on 
which we build and reaching it is vital to our efforts to improve 
student achievement in our Nation. Head Start plays an important role 
in our ability to reach this very important goal.
  I have been a strong and consistent supporter of the Head Start 
program. When questions were raised last year about the quality of the 
program, I shared the concerns and welcomed the questions. We must 
always be willing to debate the merits of federal programs to make sure 
that our tax money is well spent. In the case of Head Start, I believe 
the investments in our children yield big dividends and am very pleased 
that this legislation addressed the concerns about the quality of Head 
Start programs. The bill significantly strengthens the program and 
reaffirms our commitment to ensuring a strong Head Start Program 
through the end of this century.
  This legislation also reauthorizes the Community Service Block Grant 
Program. The bill consolidates a number of small discretionary programs 
into a single Community Initiative Program. This consolidation includes 
the rural housing and community facilities program and the 
demonstration partnership program.
  I would like to emphasize that this consolidation does not lessen our 
support for the activities of these two important programs. Both have 
been helpful in addressing the needs of low-income individuals, 
particularly in rural areas and this work should endure and they 
continue to be funded. It is my belief that this bill will allow this 
to happen, and hope that if this is not the case, this issue can be 
revisited in conference.
  And finally, this bill reauthorizes the Low-Income Home Energy 
Assistance Program--a program that provides millions of low-income 
families with assistance in meeting their heating and cooling bills.
  Madam President, I am very pleased to support the Human Services 
Reauthorization Act of 1994 and urge my colleagues to support this 
bill.
  Mr. DURENBERGER. Madam President, I have several questions I would 
like to address to the chairman and ranking member of the Labor 
Committee that deal with their intent in authoring this legislation.
  Head Start agencies in Minnesota and a number of other States have 
historically offered their services using a number of different 
delivery models. They have included full- and part-time and mobile, 
center- and home-based programs. Head Start's authorizing legislation 
and its performance standards recognize the need for this diversity of 
delivery models by granting national or regional HHS administrators the 
authority to approve locally designed programs as long as they meet 
those performance standards.
  The need for variations in traditional part-day or part-week Head 
Start models has grown along with the dramatic increase we've seen in 
the number of lower-income parents who qualify for Head Start who are 
also working or are in education or job training programs under State 
and Federal welfare reform programs. Many of these families also 
qualify for other types of assistance, including fully or partially 
subsidized child care.
  Is it the chairman's intent that head Start administrators continue 
to approve funding requests made by local grantees that design head 
Start services in ways that meet the varying needs of eligible parents, 
including the need for full-day, full-week, or year-around services?
  Mr. KENNEDY. The Senator is correct in noting that Head Start 
administrators at the national and regional level have historically had 
broad authority to approve locally designed ways of delivering Head 
Start services. I am pleased that this authority continues under the 
pending reauthorization.
  It is essential that all local programs meet Head Start's performance 
standards. I also believe that Head Start administrators should have 
the flexibility to implement a variety of models. They might include 
combinations of in-home and center-based programs, programs that extend 
services beyond the traditional part-day or part-week model, and 
jointly operated programs or other forms of collaboration with child 
care and other early childhood and family services.
  Mr. DURENBERGER. I ask Senator Kassebaum, in view of the changing 
time demands being placed on Head Start parents who are working or 
learning job skills, what is her intent on the need for not only 
flexibility by Head Start administrators in approving different 
delivery models, but also the need for flexibility in combining funding 
from various early childhood programs and flexibility in granting 
waivers to make joint funding or administration of early childhood and 
family programs possible?
  Mrs. KASSEBAUM. First, I agree with Senator Kennedy that HHS 
administrators already have considerable authority to approve alternate 
ways of delivering Head Start services. I would hope that authority is 
used to meet the differing needs of families in local communities 
around the country--as long as Head Start's performance standards 
continue to be met.
  I also believe it may be wise in many local communities to encourage 
collaboration in the planning and delivery of early childhood and 
family services between Head Start and subsidized child care and other 
local programs that serve the same children and families. One good 
example, is the potential or combining funding and services from Head 
Start and subsidized child care for eligible children who have parents 
working or in school at times that extend beyond a part-day of part-
week Head Start program.
  Furthermore, I believe that, when administrative rules and 
regulations are a barrier for effectively combining funds from 
different Federal programs, a timely mechanism for requesting and 
granting waivers should be put into place.
  And, finally, I realize that many of these same issues need to be 
addressed in the design of federally subsidized child care and other 
programs that serve low-income children and families. I intend to 
continue to work closely with Senator Durenberger, Senator Kennedy, and 
others on these issues as we take up a variety of initiatives on 
welfare reform later this year.
  Mr. KENNEDY. I strongly agree with this move toward coordination and 
consolidation of the various Federal child care programs and look 
forward to continued bipartisan cooperation on its effort as we move 
forward on welfare reform. Given the great need for child care services 
for working poor families, we must do all we can to increase the 
availability and the efficiency of funding for programs targeted to 
these families.
  I want to make sure that we are clear that when we are talking about 
removing barriers to integration--we do not seek to in any way 
undermine the integrity of Head Start performance standards. The 
committee has acknowledged that these performance standards are 
essential to ensuring program quality and continued program success.
  What we are really talking about here is helping other community-
based programs which receive Head Start funds to meet Head Start 
performance standards and eliminating administrative barriers that 
prevent coordination. These barriers include delays in payments which 
make providers with limited resources wait several months for 
reimbursement, the lack of contracts guaranteeing a certain number of 
slots and allowing for program planning, and conflicting reimbursement 
rates. These differing payments schemes make it exceedingly difficult 
to build linkages between Head Start and child care programs. I hope 
that we can begin to deal with these differences in a manner that is in 
the best interest in children.
  Finally, I think it is exceedingly important to continue to allow 
Head Start programs to use Head Start funds to provide full day, full 
year services, when there is a need in the community for these 
services. I am pleased that this legislation affirms the importance of 
providing services that are responsive to family needs.
  Mr. DURENBERGER. I thank Senator Kennedy and Senator Kassebaum for 
clarifying their intent on these issues and for your continued 
leadership on Head Start and on other programs that serve the needs of 
low-income families and children.
  Mr. DeCONCINI. Madam President, I rise today to support S. 2000, a 
comprehensive bill which includes the reauthorization of Head Start as 
well as other important anti-poverty programs.
  I have a long history of support for Head Start. In 1990, I was a 
cosponsor of the Head Start reauthorization bill and in 1991, 
legislation to make Head Start an entitlement program. It is difficult 
to find another Federal program which has been so universally 
acknowledged as being as successful in its goals to improve the 
prospects of underprivileged children. I have long recognized the 
benefits at-risk children receive from this program. Today, we have 
both bipartisan support in Congress and the President's backing to 
improve and expand the already successful Head Start Program. I believe 
this legislation is a big step toward achieving this goal, and I 
commend the effective leadership of Senators Kennedy, Dodd, and 
Kassebaum for their efforts.
  To realize the importance of Head Start, we must only look at the 
first goal of the bipartisan Goals 2000, passed earlier this year, 
which states that all children must start school ready to learn. Head 
Start provides children from low-income families with the skills and 
self-confidence necessary to begin school. Unfortunately, so many of 
our at-risk children do not receive the advantage of a ``Head Start'' 
and, regrettably, will most likely not reach school ready to learn. 
Today, only an estimated 40 percent of eligible children are being 
served by this program. It is clear that we are not reaching enough 
children.
  While I stand firm in my belief that Head Start is a success, I 
recognize that beyond its expansion, there is also a dire need to 
improve existing programs. This legislation does just that by setting 
aside 25 percent of the funds for quality improvements to existing 
programs. Specifically, the bill includes provisions emphasizing staff 
training and adequate compensation for those who work to improve the 
lives of these children who live on the margins of our society. For too 
long, our society has not recognized the important contributions of the 
child development professions. Low wages often lead to constant staff 
turnover, which studies have shown is not conducive to a secure 
learning environment. The bill also ensures the accountability of all 
Head Start programs through performance standards. Funds may also be 
used to improve facilities to ensure that children are in an 
environment which enhances their learning. At a time of scarce Federal 
resources, these are exactly the types of investments we must make in 
order to get the most from our limited funds.
  This legislation will open up Head Start to more children under the 
age of three. In fiscal year 1993, only approximately 1 percent of the 
economically eligible children in this age group were served. S. 2000 
addresses the needs of infants and toddlers by creating a set-aside 
which will provide comprehensive services for families with children 
younger than three.

  I am also pleased that this legislation took into account the unique 
concerns of native American Head Start children. One way it does this 
is by expanding the term Indian reservation to include members of 
tribes living not just on, but near the reservations. Extending Head 
Start programs to children near a reservation is consistent with other 
Federal programs. It allows children, whose families must move off 
their reservation due to employment, housing or other circumstances, 
the ability to participate in a program which best relates to their 
culture. It is important to recognize the special circumstances that 
arise on the Indian reservations. This bill begins to address many of 
these issues.
  It is my hope that one day every eligible child in this country will 
receive the ``Head Start'' he or she deserves. Passage of this bill 
will bring us one step closer to achieving this goal.
  Head Start is not the only program in S. 2000 which deserves 
recognition. I have also been a long time supporter of the Family 
Resource Program which is expanded in this bill. This program provides 
at-risk families with a community network of comprehensive services 
which will help them avoid crises that tear families apart. It is my 
firm belief that funding this program now will save us so much more in 
the long run.
  I believe S. 2000 is a measure that addresses the unmet needs of our 
Nation's children. It has my full support.
  Mr. INOUYE. Madam President, I rise today in strong support of S. 
2000, and in particular, the Labor Committee substitute to S. 1852, 
which provides for the reauthorization of the Head Start Act. It is my 
belief that this measure will profoundly affect the future of this 
Nation. It is a measure which must command our fullest attention.
  We Senators may sometimes make grand statements--proclaming that a 
particular bill or issue at hand is of extreme significance--and often 
times this may be true. But if there is one issue about which we must 
all agree--one singular issue which must transcend rhetoric and 
political gridlock, it must be the care and protection of our Nation's 
children--the keepers of our future.
  From the inner cities to remote Alaska Native villages, our children 
are languishing, often caught in a cycle of poverty, desperation, and 
violence.
  It is the duty of this body, as it is the duty of all parents and 
grandparents, to provide safeguards for these children, to provide 
community support to better their living conditions, their health, and 
education.
  Head Start is a vital and imperative part of this equation. Head 
Start seeks to provide comprehensive early childhood development, 
educational, health, nutritional, and social services to those most in 
need--low-income children and families.
  I commend the efforts of my distinguished colleagues on the Labor and 
Human Resources Committee, Chairman Kennedy and Senators Kassebaum, 
Dodd, and Coats for spearheading the Head Start reauthorization process 
and for seeking to expand the provision of Head Start services while 
also seeking to improve the overall quality of Head Start programs.
  I wish to especially acknowledge the Committee on Labor and Human 
Resources for recognizing that not all Head Start communities are 
alike--that American Indian and Alaska Native communities have unique 
needs and concerns.
  Some of the harshest living conditions in this Nation are found in 
native American communities, where there are alarmingly high rates of 
poverty and unemployment--communities which are located in rural areas 
literally hundreds of miles removed from the nearest early child care 
program or facility.
  From the very inception of the Head Start Program, Indian tribes have 
participated in the program. In 1965, 34 American Indian Head Start 
programs were established. As of August 1993, there were 116 Indian 
Head Start grantees providing services to 181 federally recognized 
Indian and Alaska Native tribes.
  Yet despite this history, the needs of Indian Head Start programs 
have failed to receive the attention of the Congress that they 
deserved. For the first time in the 30 years that Indian tribes have 
been participating in the Head Start Program, the Senate held an 
oversight hearing on Indian Head Start programs.
  On March 25, 1994, the Committee on Labor and Human Resources and the 
Committee on Indian Affairs convened a joint hearing to receive the 
testimonies of the Department of Health and Human Services, the 
National Head Start Association, the National Indian Head Start 
Directors Association, tribal leaders, and Indian Head Start directors 
and parents.
  Having had the privilege of presiding over that hearing, I can attest 
to the many concerns expressed regarding inequities in program 
implementation in Indian country. Indian programs suffer from what 
sadly appears to be omissions and oversights of the original act.
  For instance, while Indian tribes are charged with administering the 
provisions of the Head Start Act, they are simultaneously constrained 
by language in the act that inadvertently penalizes them because of 
their tribal status. Certainly, this was not the intent of the original 
drafters.
  As chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, I am accordingly 
extremely pleased with the committee substitute to S. 1852, represented 
as title I in S. 2000.
  This substitute reflects the responsiveness of the Labor Committee in 
addressing Indian Head Start needs. This substitute also reflects in 
many ways the hopes and desires of Indian tribes to enhance the quality 
of the program and provide greater Head Start services to their Indian 
communities.
  I am sure that I speak on behalf of all of Indian country in 
conveying my special regards and deep appreciation to Chairman Kennedy 
for his sensitivity, perceptiveness, and perseverance regarding the 
needs of native communities throughout this Head Start reauthorization 
process. I urge my colleagues to give full and final consideration to 
this important measure, and to act favorably in the interests of all 
the children of this Nation.
  Mr. BRADLEY. Madam President, for years now, I have risen before this 
body and others to speak out about the desperate condition facing urban 
America and the crisis facing our urban communities, our families, and 
our children. While we can wallow in our frustration over decreased 
funding and our inability to solve the complex problems of violence, 
poverty, joblessness, and lack of opportunity that continue to hover 
over our cities, today is not the day to do that. Today is a day to 
recognize the programs that do work.
  Head Start and the other community development programs authorized in 
the Human Services Reauthorization Act of 1994, are well-tested 
programs that work to strengthen children, families and communities; 
they should not be abandoned. These programs have survived because they 
represent the barest of safety nets: they protect, stimulate, and 
nourish our children so that they start school ready to learn; they 
provide support services to struggling families; and they invest in 
community initiatives. All of these are indeed, worthy.
  In this day and age, no group is more vulnerable than children to the 
pressures of the city. Before they are old enough to know that life can 
be better, children in our inner cities awake to the presence of drugs, 
crime, guns, and violence. We know we are losing the game when in 1990, 
20 percent of infants and toddlers lived in poverty. Three New Jersey 
cities had poverty rates for young children above 25 percent while in 
other cities and rural areas over 45 percent of all infants and 
toddlers live in poverty. We know that poor and near poor infants and 
toddlers are more likely to live in single parent families, are more 
likely to be immigrants or linguistically isolated, or live in families 
where the most educated parent has not completed high school. These 
characteristics place children at high risk for not having the 
essential support they need to learn effectively or grow to meet their 
full potential.
  As a result, we need to build communities that set children on a 
sound course through life. The task is to ensure that practices of 
daily life give the infant and toddler the security, stimulation and 
encouragement that are the foundations of learning. We know from 
studies that if children are provided not just healthy care during the 
first year of life, but cognitive stimulation, behavior problems will 
be reduced later, they will progress more quickly in education later 
and the burden on the schools to remedy problems from early in life 
will be reduced. That cognitive stimulation, healthy care, and loving 
support needs to be provided in the home as well as in any child care 
or educational setting. Unfortunately, parents in the inner cities tend 
to be younger, less educated, less likely to be married. Young mothers 
often do not realize the demands of raising a child, especially in the 
midst of the pressures of the city--the economic pressures, drugs as 
commonplace of life, crime, guns, and AIDS.

  Recognizing the importance of early development during the first 
years of life and beyond, last year I introduced a 15-month House bill 
as part of a series of urban community-building initiatives. My 15-
month House bill would establish residential programs for low-income 
and young mothers during the third trimester of the mother's pregnancy 
and the first year of life. Among other things, the programs must 
provide cognitive stimulation, immunizations and other care for the 
infants as well as parenting education for the mothers.
  I got the idea for this program from a community organization in Los 
Angeles that set about to coordinate as many funding streams as 
possible in order to build a community to set children on a sound 
course through life. This 15-month housing initiative takes tools 
invented at the community level and uses the power of Government 
constructively to make those tools available to every community. It is 
these creative initiatives that will significantly empower communities 
to overcome desperate conditions though self-improvement. My hope is 
that community initiatives like these will become the Head Start of the 
next 30 years.
  I hold this hope because of the success of Head Start, which by its 
nature, requires community input and responsiveness to community needs. 
Over the years, the program has adapted to the changing needs of our 
children, families, and communities. Head Start is not simply a pre-
school education for children, it is an education for the parents, and 
perhaps most importantly, an experience that involves both parents and 
their children in a community.
  Head Start is a federally funded locally administered program. It 
operates within each community and has the flexibility to adapt 
services to serve the unique needs of communities like migrant workers, 
homeless or children of drug-addicted parents. And, after the passage 
of this reauthorization bill, Head Start will be on its way toward 
adapting to the needs of yet another part of our community, infants and 
toddlers, age 0-3. I applaud the administration's recommendation and 
the committee's decision to target specific funds to perhaps our most 
vulnerable population, infants and toddlers. I am also encouraged by 
the resources devoted to improve coordination between Head Start and 
State and local programs. I encourage all involved with the 
administration of the Head Start Program to accept nothing less than 
the highest quality program possible.
  Head Start has come a long way in the almost 30 years since its 
inception; it has proven its impact and deserves our commitment. 
However, to continue to rely on a scattering of well-designed basic 
programs in not enough. We must look to these long-standing programs as 
a platform from which to build a coherent strategy to further empower 
our communities. Only by recognizing and investing Federal resources in 
new and creative programs can we take that next hopeful step toward 
rebuilding cities, empowering communities, strengthening families, and 
providing an environment where children can grow up safe, healthy and 
ready to face the challenges of school and life. I support the 
reauthorization of this bill and encourage us all to continue to search 
for our next generation of success stories.
  Mr. COATS. Madam President, I am pleased today to join Senators 
Kennedy, Dodd, and Kassebaum in recommending passage of S. 2000.
  Few Federal programs engender the feelings of good will and 
bipartisanship as do the programs we are discussing today. Head Start, 
CSBG, LIHEAP, the Community Food and Nutrition Program--these programs 
all have one important thing in common--they represent the Federal 
Government at its best, forging public and private partnerships, and 
unleashing the vast resources of one of our most important assets--the 
local community.
  S. 2000 represents months of effort and cooperation, aimed at not 
only simply reauthorizing these important programs, but consolidating 
and streamlining the programs as well.
  This bill builds on an already successful Head Start Program by:
  First, continuing to place strong emphasis on quality by authorizing 
a minimum of 25 percent of new funds for quality enhancement efforts.
  Second, allowing Head Start agencies to more effectively respond to 
community needs by offering full day, full year services to their 
working families.
  Third, launching a broad new family-centered initiative to provide 
valuable services and support to low-income families and their children 
under the age of 3. In order to insure that quality is protected, S. 
2000 requires the Secretary to convene a panel of experts to make 
recommendations about the goals and guidelines for such a program 
before significant Federal dollars are committed to it.
  Whether in a Head Start classroom, a food bank, or family resource 
centers, the programs we are about to reauthorize provide a valuable 
link between families and the services and opportunities they need.
  I have had the privilege of visiting a number of Head Start 
facilities in my own State, and have found at each one a common 
thread--the commitment of staff and of parents to be there for their 
children. In Head Start centers across America, parents serve as 
volunteers, as teachers, as aides, in whatever capacity they are 
needed. Many have told me that thanks to Head Start, they have gone on 
to higher education. Thanks to Head Start, their children have hope for 
a future.
  S. 2000 continues this legacy--and does so in a way that supports the 
family as a unit. Head Start is a program serving children in families. 
CSBG is a program serving families in communities. Family resource 
programs and family literacy programs offer opportunities for parents 
to become their child's best teacher.
  S. 2000 offers families in need a hand up--not simply a hand out. And 
it does so in a way that will enable and empower those families to give 
back to their communities.
  I am pleased to have had an opportunity to work on this legislation 
and I would like to thank my chairman and ranking member for their 
diligence in pulling this package together. This is a good bill, a 
reasonable bill, and one that I think has the potential to really make 
a difference. I look forward to its swift passage and implementation.
  Mrs. BOXER. Madam President, as a cosponsor of the bill and advocate 
for the Head Start Program, I rise in strong support of the Head Start 
Amendments Act of 1994.
  The Head Start Program has a long and distinguished history of 
preparing pre-school children from disadvantaged backgrounds to enter 
school ready to learn. It combines learning with social services and 
parental involvement--an approach that is crucial to the health and 
development of children in their early years.
  I have argued many times that investment in our children is one of 
the most important, cost-effective choices that we can make and key to 
ensuring that they have a chance at the American dream.
  The Head Start Program is one of those crucial investments. For every 
dollar spent on Head Start, $3 is saved in future costs. Children who 
get a ``head start'' in life have a much lower rate of educational 
failure, teen pregnancy, welfare dependency, and crime than those who 
do not.
  The President has pledged to fully fund Head Start so that it can 
serve every eligible 3, 4, and 5 year old and I support him. That is 
why I offered an amendment to the Senate budget resolution to transfer 
$1 billion from Government travel expenses to six children's programs, 
including the Head Start Program.
  If my amendment is adopted in conference, then the Head Start Program 
would receive an additional $120 million, enough to provide slots for 
approximately 24,000 children. My amendment overwhelmingly passed the 
Senate by a bipartisan vote of 93-5 and I hope that my colleagues will 
again vote to support the Head Start Program today.
  Madam President, I know that many of my colleagues are concerned 
about the quality of Head Start programs. This bill contains important 
provisions to address those concerns. The bill sets aside 25 percent of 
new Head Start funds for quality improvements. It creates a process to 
update the existing performance standards and to identify poor 
performing programs. The bill focuses on the need for better trained 
staff by providing for the development of qualification standards and 
model curricula. And, it creates new programs, such as the mentor 
teacher program, where excellent teachers are identified to provide on 
the job guidance to others.
  Finally, the bill sets aside up to 5 percent of Head Start funds over 
3 years for services for infants and toddlers up to age 3. I believe 
that this provision may be the most important of all. According to a 
recent report by the Carnegie Corp., scientific evidence shows that the 
first three years of a child's life are the most critical for 
development. If we are to truly give our children a head start, then we 
must begin to consider the need for programs which serve our youngest 
citizens.
  I am proud to support the Head Start Amendments Act, and urge my 
colleagues to do the same.
  Mr. JEFFORDS. Madam President, I am pleased to rise in support of the 
Human Services Reauthorization bill. This legislation reauthorizes many 
important Federal programs, including the Low-Income Home Energy 
Assistance Program [LIHEAP], the Community Services Block Grant [CSBG], 
and Head Start.
  With respect to Head Start, I am pleased that the President has 
recommended a $700 million increase for Head Start for the coming 
fiscal year. Since its creation, Head Start has served 13 million 
children and has been an important tool in helping at-risk children and 
their families. However, despite this proposed increase and increases 
in years past, we are still far from serving all eligible children.
  Today, less than 40 percent of all children eligible to participate 
in Head Start do so. If we are to meet the goals that we established in 
the Goals 2000: Educate America Act--especially Goal One which states 
that by the year 2000, all children will start school ready to learn--
we must direct more of our efforts to the youngest, most vulnerable 
members of society. In my mind, this means expanding Head Start.
  This bill will help to expand Head Start services to more kids, while 
assuring that kids who are enrolled receive the highest quality 
services possible. It will help grantees better respond to the changing 
needs of individual communities and working families. It strengthens 
parental involvement in local Head Start programs and works to make the 
transition to school easier. Furthermore--and I believe this is very 
important--it creates a new initiative to serve children from birth to 
age three. Study after study has shown that the earlier we reach at-
risk kids the better. The new zero to three program will give kids and 
families the kinds of early, continuous, and comprehensive services 
they need in order to be successful in later life.
  The zero to three initiative builds on the success demonstrated by 
the Comprehensive Child Development Program [CCDP]. CCDP was begun in 
1988 to provide comprehensive social, health, education, nutrition, and 
employment services to families with children up to age 5. There are 34 
CCDP programs across the country, and I am fortunate to say that one is 
in operation in my State of Vermont. The Windham County Family Support 
Program has been providing services to families throughout the county, 
and it has shown very positive results.
  I was initially disappointed to hear that CCDP was being eliminated 
as a separate program, for CCDP has had a significant impact on 
families in Vermont over the past five years. Since that time, I have 
learned that Vermont was not alone and that CCDPs in other states were 
making a difference as well. For that reason, I fought to strengthen 
the provisions giving priority to CCDP's in the bill and to include all 
CCDP projects as priority entities for the new zero to three grants in 
Head Start. In my mind, we were moving to eliminate a separate program, 
which most would agree was making a difference in families' lives, but 
which had had no comprehensive evaluations. I believe that when HHS 
completes and releases its final comprehensive report on CCDP, it will 
reaffirm the results that I have seen in Vermont.
  I think that speaks to the need that while we move to ``reinvent 
government'' and consolidate, terminate, or expand programs, we must be 
cautious not to put quality programs on the chopping block. Before we 
do so, we should have some measure of their success. If we have a 
program that is performing well, we ought to keep it. If it is not, we 
should stop it. But in order to do either, we must have data on the 
results of the program, gathered through adequate studies and 
evaluations.
  The bill before us has a new strengthened research section for Head 
Start which includes a priority that the Secretary conduct a 
longitudinal study of Head Start. Nearly everyone will agree that Head 
Start has made a significant difference in the lives of millions of at-
risk children. It has helped their social development, and it has 
helped them do better in school. However, since Head Start was created 
in 1965, few long-term studies have been done to see what effects the 
program is having on its participants. I fully believe a longitudinal 
study will reaffirm what most of us already know--that Head Start has 
contributed to the success of those who have participated. It will help 
us, as policymakers, by following the progress of Head Start kids 
through the years to determine the long-term effects of Head Start.
  And it is not just Head Start. I think all my colleagues would agree 
that as we put billions of dollars into different programs, we need to 
know which programs work, which ones don't, and act accordingly. I 
would urge my colleagues to work with me to develop a policy of 
adequately studying federal programs--reviewing and evaluating them, 
and doing longitudinal studies where appropriate.
  I think the Committee has done a commendable job with regard to 
reauthorizing the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program [LIHEAP]. 
The reauthorization is relatively straightforward. We give the 
administration and the States both guidance and flexibility. We 
emphasize the need to target scarce LIHEAP resources to those 
households with the highest home energy needs--basing such 
determinations on income and energy burden. And we provide permanent 
authorization for a contingency fund for weather emergencies such as 
the unusually severe winter we experienced just a few months ago.

  By the way, Madam President, while we have been enjoying the cherry 
blossoms and dogwoods here in Washington, Vermonters are still 
shoveling snow. More than a foot of snow remains on the ground in parts 
of the State. And a few more inches fell earlier this week.
  I hope the administration will come to realize that this program is a 
vital safety net for millions of low-income households. I was deeply 
disappointed that the administration sought, in its budget request, to 
stretch the fiscal year 1995 advance appropriation over two years. In 
effect, the Administration proposed to cut funding in half.
  The Administration unpersuasively argues that the need for the 
program has waned. Let's disavow that notion. Home energy costs 
continue to swallow a disproportionately large share--15 to 20 percent 
or more--of the meager resources low income households have to spend.
  I might add that LIHEAP already has borne its share of budget-
cutting. The Bureau of Labor Statistics maintains a specific index of 
household fuel and electricity prices. The years 1982 through 1984 
serve as the index base. The average annual LIHEAP appropriation for 
those three years was $1.96 billion. If we apply annual changes in the 
index value to that average appropriation, we can determine the 
appropriations necessary since the 1982-1984 period to maintain the 
program's purchasing power. I did just that, and discovered that the 
program lost a cumulative $3.63 billion in real purchasing power 
through fiscal year 1993.
  We have an obligation to taxpayers to be as frugal as possible. We 
need to reduce the deficit. We have honored that obligation by freezing 
the authorization for LIHEAP at $2.00 billion annually.
  But we also have an obligation to protect the most vulnerable members 
of our society.
  I think we have reached that delicate balance already with regard to 
LIHEAP. The $3.63 billion loss in purchasing power I just mentioned 
came at the expense of the poorest households in our country--
households that typically have annual incomes below $8,000. We can't 
take any more away from them.

  I might add that some of the other programs contained in this 
reauthorization bill will not meet our objectives for them if we 
continue to hack away at LIHEAP, particularly Head Start.
  During the reauthorization hearing on LIHEAP, the committee heard 
eloquent testimony from Dr. Deborah Frank, who has studied the 
relationship between cold weather, low incomes, and childhood 
malnutrition at Boston City Hospital. It's the ``heat or eat'' 
syndrome. Dr. Frank has discovered that emergency room visits for 
``low-weight-for-age cases'' peak one month after the coldest weather 
occurs. And the risk of severely low weight births in the three months 
following the coldest weather increases by 37 percent. Why is this so? 
Well, parents know that their children will freeze before they starve. 
Low income households literally go without food in order to pay their 
utility bills.
  Dr. Frank reviewed for the committee the considerable body of 
evidence suggesting that children who are malnourished during this 
critical period of early childhood ``are at lasting risk for later 
school failure and deficits in attention and social behavior.''
  I have just one other point I would like to make regarding LIHEAP. 
And that concerns the contingency fund. I am pleased that we have given 
the President permanent authority to seek up to $600 million in 
emergency funds each year for any sort of crisis Mother Nature may 
present. I think back to the events that unfolded this past winter, or 
to the winter of 1989-1990, when much of the South, even, was frozen 
and refineries shut down and heating oil simply wasn't available for 
delivery even if tankers could have broken through the ice blocking our 
Northeastern ports. We need this authority, but I want to make it 
perfectly clear that the contingency fund is meant to supplement, not 
supplant, the annual LIHEAP appropriation. Those of us who support 
LIHEAP will not tolerate attempts to gut the program by arguing that 
emergency funds are available.
  Madam President, you may recall the Exxon and stripper well oil 
overcharge cases. Back then, we were assured that oil overcharge moneys 
flowing out of the settlements to the States were to ``supplement, not 
supplant''. Yet within just a few years, the existence of the oil 
overcharge funds was cited as a rationale for cutting LIHEAP. Not 
again. The annual appropriation for LIHEAP has hovered around $1.50 
billion in recent years. That's not sufficient, but I realize we cannot 
expect much more. But it's the least we can do. It's the least we must 
do. The contingency fund will not be used as a device to gut LIHEAP.
  Finally, I think the Committee made some useful changes in the 
Community Services Block Grant. We preserved some important programs, 
but made some positive changes in them. The block grant provides vital 
support to community action agencies across the country. These agencies 
in turn are doing tremendous work to help low-income Americans. The 
bill will also reconfigure the current community economic development 
program, as well as the rural facilities program. And I am pleased that 
the bill preserves the role of the community food and nutrition 
program.
  Madam President, in closing, I would like to commend my colleagues on 
the Labor and Human Resources Committee, in particular Senators 
Kennedy, Kassebaum, Dodd, and Coats, for their hard work crafting a 
truly bipartisan bill we can all support.
  Mrs. KASSEBAUM. Madam President, I rise today to join my colleagues 
in supporting the passage of S. 2000, the Human Services 
Reauthorization Act of 1994. This legislation reauthorizes several 
important programs including the community services block grant, the 
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Act, the Ready to Learn Act, the 
State Dependent Care Development programs, the Child Development 
Associate Scholarship initiative, and the new Community-Based Family 
Resource Program. I am particularly pleased that two programs with 
which I have been very involved are included in this reauthorization 
legislation--Head Start and the most critical portions of the Young 
Americans Act.
  I would first like to compliment the Clinton administration and the 
Department of Health and Human Services for their commitment making 
members of both parties in the House and Senate full partners in the 
development of the Head Start legislation. The Head Start Act 
Amendments Act of 1994 was the result of a unique process--with staff 
representing Democrats and Republicans from the House and Senate 
working daily with officials from the administration to craft the 
legislation. I hope that this successful experience will serve as the 
catalyst for more bipartisan, bicameral efforts.
  In March 1993, I introduced the Head Start Quality Improvement Act 
because I believed that it was important to ensure the quality of Head 
Start as the program moved into a period of unprecedented expansion of 
services and funding. I have been a longstanding supporter of the Head 
Start Program. However, I believe program expansion and increased 
funding are of limited value, unless steps are taken to improve the 
quality of the services that are being provided--quantity with quality.
  Many of the concerns which prompted the development of my Head Start 
legislation are addressed in S. 2000--and in fact, several provisions 
in the two bills are virtually identical. Specifically, the Human 
Services Reauthorization Act increases funding for the Head Start 
Transition Program, contains provisions for the expedited termination 
of programs which do not meet minimum program standards, includes 
improvements in the monitoring of Head Start programs, and increases 
the training and technical assistance available to help programs. In 
addition, the S. 2000 requires the Department of Health and Human 
Services to review and update the 20-year-old performance standards for 
Head Start programs. I am particularly proud of the Head Start section 
of S. 2000, which is strong, effective legislation designed to help 
Head Start move into the next decade of service for low-income children 
and their families.
  Another part of this legislation which I would particularly like to 
mention is title IV, Community-Based Family Resource Programs. I would 
like to compliment Senator Dodd for his work in crafting this section 
of the bill. In addition to reauthorizing the Federal and State 
coordination mechanisms of the Young Americans Act, this title combines 
several small discretionary programs into a systematic approach to 
prevention. The Community-Based Family Resource Programs title of S. 
2000 promotes new ways of funding State networks of comprehensive 
family services provided through collaborative approaches, including 
public-private partnerships--putting the goals of the Young Americans 
Act into practice.
  I would like to take a moment to thank the staff from the House 
Committee on Education and labor and Senate Committee on Labor and 
Human Resources for their diligence and commitment to crafting a truly 
bipartisan bill. This legislation is stronger and better because of 
their efforts.
  Mrs. MURRAY. Madam President, I rise today in support of this bill, 
S. 2000, which will, among many other things, reauthorize Head Start 
funding for the next several years.
  Every child, no matter who he or she is, or where they come from, 
must have the opportunity to succeed. I know this as well as anyone. 
Because of education and opportunities that were given to me in this 
great country, I am here today as a U.S. Senator. I believe in creating 
opportunities and there is no group in this Nation more deserving than 
children, all of our children.
  Because Head Start creates opportunity for our most needy children, I 
cosponsored the original reauthorizing bill and that is why I strongly 
support this bill today.
  This bill creates and improves opportunities through increased 
quality of all Head Start programs. I know we have all heard the 
concerns about Head Start effectiveness. Those concerns are important 
and valid. In my mind, there is no question that the program works. 
What is troubling is the quality of each program varies so much. This 
bill seeks to correct this by establishing minimum quality levels, 
performance standards and staff training guidance among many other 
things. Quality is, and should be, a top priority of this program since 
increased quality means increased opportunity for Head Start children 
and their families.
  I also want to mention a new section of this bill called programs for 
Families with Infants and Toddlers. Several months ago I held a youth 
violence forum in my State. We spent days discussing what to do with 
our legal system, with our education system, and within our communities 
to deal with youth violence. One of the participants had a great 
analogy that I'd like to share with you.
  She described our Nation as having a large river with many of our 
troubled kids floating rapidly downstream in it. Many people spend much 
time and effort standing on the shore pulling out as many of them as 
fast as possible. The problem is we never go to the head of the river 
and stop them from being thrown into the river in the first place.
  Head Start comes closer to the head of that river and dealing with 
what's putting our children there, particularly with the addition of 
the infants and toddlers section because it reaches our children and 
families early--before they get into that turbulent river. It provides 
services to both children and parents all in an effort to enhance the 
physical, social, emotional, and intellectual development of our 
children. It recognizes the need to reach our children early in life 
and, more importantly, to teach young parents how to be parents.
  One service that has a proven track record of doing just this is the 
Comprehensive Child Development Centers. I have had the opportunity to 
visit one of these centers in my State and I would urge all of my 
colleagues to do the same if they have one of these centers in their 
State. I spoke at length with some of the families and I am convinced 
that the work they are doing is making a difference for the children, 
families, and communities they serve. They deserve our attention and 
our support and I am pleased the committee included all of them in this 
bill.
  I am also supporting this bill because it does more than reauthorize 
Head Start. It reauthorizes the State Dependent Care Development 
Grants. This program provides the only source of Federal funds for the 
planning, establishment, and expansion of school-age child care 
programs throughout the Nation. In my home State of Washington, at 
least 50,000 children ages 5 to 14 have no adult supervision during the 
hours when schools are out, and parents are still at work, or in 
training programs. Families who seek a safe and supportive place for 
their school-age children often find care is unavailable, unaffordable, 
or of uncertain quality. The dependent care block grant program helps 
address this need.
  The Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program which is also in this 
bill is of great import to many families in Washington and across the 
Nation. Through LIHEAP the risk of utility shut-off and homelessness is 
decreased for families with the lowest incomes and the highest energy 
costs. As a member of the Budget and Appropriations Committees, I am 
working with many of my colleagues to maintain an adequate level of 
funding for LIHEAP.
  Finally, I am pleased to support the reauthorization of the community 
services block grant program. I know the Community Action Agencies in 
Washington provide vital services to thousands of low income residents 
in all 39 counties--people in need of housing, emergency assistance, 
educational services, employment guidance, basic nutrition, and relief 
from abuse. Together, these provisions provide our most needy children 
and families with opportunities to succeed and I want to urge all of my 
colleagues to support this important piece of legislation.
  Mr. DODD. Madam President, Senator Kennedy mentioned, of course, that 
this work does not get done without terrific staff work. There are many 
people to congratulate and thank. I want to point out specifically the 
work of Patty Cole, of my staff, and Joe Palmore, who did a terrific 
job in working with the majority staff and the minority staff, Senator 
Kennedy's staff, and others to put this together.
  Senator Kennedy said in some ways--at this late hour there are very 
few people here for this--but this is a very important piece of 
legislation, a critical element trying to see to it that we will be a 
strong and vibrant Nation in the 21st century, and hopefully these 
kinds of statistics we need to turn around.
  I think it is worthwhile to note there was a program this evening on 
one of the networks, I think the American Broadcasting Co., ABC, that 
talked about the things we really ought to be worried about in this 
country, the real serious threats. Poverty is one of them. If you are 
living in poverty in the United States, your life expectancy is 7 to 10 
years shorter than other Americans. If you begin life as these children 
are growing up in poverty, that is not only a threat to us in society, 
but it is a threat to them in their lives.
  So everyone suffers when these children suffer. This legislation we 
hope will be a significant step in reversing those trends.
  Madam President, I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is all time yielded?
  Mr. KENNEDY. I yield back the remainder of time.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time is yielded.
  Under the previous order, the question is on agreeing to the 
committee amendment in the nature of a substitute, as amended.
  The committee amendment in the nature of a substitute, as amended, 
was agreed to.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the engrossment and third 
reading of the bill.
   The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, was read 
the third time.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill having been read the third time, the 
question is, Shall the bill, as amended, pass?
  The bill (S. 2000) as amended, was passed, as follows:

                                S. 2000

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,
                      TITLE I--HEAD START PROGRAMS

     SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE; REFERENCES IN TITLE.

       (a) Short Title.--This title may be cited as the ``Head 
     Start Act Amendments of 1994''.
       (b) References.--Except as otherwise specifically provided, 
     whenever in this title an amendment or repeal is expressed in 
     terms of an amendment to, or a repeal of, a section or other 
     provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a 
     section or other provision of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 
     9831 et seq.).

     SEC. 102. DEFINITIONS.

       Section 637 (42 U.S.C. 9832) is amended--
       (1) by striking paragraphs (4) and (5);
       (2) by striking paragraph (9) and inserting the following 
     new paragraph:
       ``(9) The term `poverty line' means the income official 
     poverty line (as defined by the Office of Management and 
     Budget, and revised annually in accordance with section 
     673(2) of the Community Services Block Grant Act (42 U.S.C. 
     9902(2)) applicable to a family of the size involved.'';
       (3) by adding after paragraph (11) the following new 
     paragraphs:
       ``(12) The term `family literacy services' includes 
     activities including interactive literacy activities between 
     parents and their children, training for parents on 
     techniques for being the primary teacher of their children 
     and full partners in the education of their children, parent 
     literacy training, and early childhood education.
       ``(13) The term `Indian tribe' means any tribe, band, 
     nation, pueblo, or other organized group or community of 
     Indians, including any Native village described in section 
     3(c) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 
     1602(c)) or established pursuant to such Act (43 U.S.C. 1601 
     et seq.), that is recognized as eligible for the special 
     programs and services provided by the United States to 
     Indians because of their status as Indians.'';
       (4) by redesignating paragraphs (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), 
     (11), (12), and (13) as paragraphs (7), (8), (9), (11), (5), 
     (6), (4), and (10), respectively; and
       (5)(A) by transferring paragraph (4), as so redesignated, 
     and inserting the paragraph after paragraph (3);
       (B) by transferring paragraphs (5) and (6), as so 
     redesignated, and inserting the paragraphs after paragraph 
     (4), as so redesignated; and
       (C) by transferring paragraph (10), as so redesignated, and 
     inserting the paragraph after paragraph (9), as so 
     redesignated.

     SEC. 103. SERVICES.

       Section 638(a)(1) (42 U.S.C. 9833(a)(1)) is amended by 
     striking ``health, nutritional, educational, social, and 
     other services'' and inserting ``health, education, parental 
     involvement, nutritional, social, and other services''.

     SEC. 104. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

       Section 639 (42 U.S.C. 9834) is amended--
       (1) in subsection (a), by striking all that follows 
     ``subchapter'' and inserting ``such sums as may be necessary 
     for fiscal year 1995 through 1998.''; and
       (2) by striking subsections (b) and (c) and inserting the 
     following:
       ``(b) From the amount appropriated under subsection (a), 
     the Secretary shall make available--
       ``(1) $35,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1995 through 
     1998 to--
       ``(A) carry out the Head Start Transition Project Act; and
       ``(B) carry out activities authorized under section 642(d); 
     and
       ``(2) not more than $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1995, and 
     such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 
     1996 through 1998, to carry out longitudinal research under 
     section 649(e).''.

     SEC. 105. ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.

       (a) Allocation and Use of Funds for Quality Improvement.--
     Section 640(a)(3) (42 U.S.C. 9835(a)(3)) is amended--
       (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as 
     subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively;
       (2) by striking ``(3)(C)'' and all that follows through 
     ``quality improvement activities:'' and inserting the 
     following:
       ``(3)(A)(i) In order to provide assistance for activities 
     specified in subparagraph (C) directed at the goals specified 
     in subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall reserve, from the 
     amount (if any) by which the funds appropriated under section 
     639(a) for a fiscal year exceed the adjusted prior year 
     appropriation, a share equal to the sum of--
       ``(I) 25 percent of such excess amount; and
       ``(II) any additional amount the Secretary may find 
     necessary to address a demonstrated need for such activities.
       ``(ii) As used in clause (i), the term `adjusted prior year 
     appropriation' means, with respect to a fiscal year, the 
     amount appropriated pursuant to section 639(a) for the 
     preceding fiscal year, adjusted to reflect the percentage 
     change in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers 
     (issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics) during such 
     preceding fiscal year.
       ``(B) Funds reserved under this paragraph (referred to in 
     this paragraph as `quality improvement funds') shall be used 
     to accomplish any or all of the following goals:
       ``(i) Ensuring that Head Start programs meet or exceed 
     performance standards pursuant to section 641A(a)(1)(A).
       ``(ii) Ensuring that such programs have adequate qualified 
     staff, and that such staff are furnished adequate training.
       ``(iii) Ensuring that salary levels and benefits are 
     adequate to attract and retain qualified staff for such 
     programs.
       ``(iv) Using salary increases to improve staff 
     qualifications, and to assist with the implementation of 
     career development programs, for the staff of Head Start 
     programs.
       ``(v) Improving community-wide strategic planning and needs 
     assessments for such programs.
       ``(vi) Ensuring that the physical environments of Head 
     Start programs are conducive to providing effective program 
     services to children and families.
       ``(vii) Making such other improvements in the quality of 
     such programs as the Secretary may designate.
       ``(C) Quality improvement funds shall be used to carry out 
     any or all of the following activities:'';
       (3) in subparagraph (C), as redesignated in paragraph (1), 
     by adding at the end the following new clause:
       ``(vii) Such other activities as the Secretary may 
     designate.''; and
       (4) in subparagraph (D), as redesignated in paragraph (1)--
       (A) in clause (i)--
       (i) in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking 
     ``for the first, second, and third fiscal years for which 
     funds are so reserved''; and
       (ii) in subclause (II), by inserting ``and Indian and 
     migrant Head Start programs,'' after ``States,'';
       (B) by striking clauses (ii) and (iii);
       (C) in clause (iv)--
       (i) by striking ``To be expended'' and all that follows, 
     through ``reserved, funds'' and inserting ``Funds'';
       (ii) by striking ``clause (ii)'' the first place it appears 
     and inserting ``clause (i)'';
       (iii) by inserting before the period at the end of the 
     first sentence, ``, for expenditure for activities specified 
     in subparagraph (C)''; and
       (iv) by striking the second sentence;
       (D) in clause (vi), by striking ``paragraphs (2), (4), and 
     (5)'' and inserting ``paragraph (2) or (4)''; and
       (E) by striking clause (v) and redesignating clauses (iv) 
     and (vi) as clauses (ii) and (iii), respectively.
       (b) Funds Set-Aside.--Section 640(a) (42 U.S.C. 9835(a)) is 
     amended--
       (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``through (5).'' and 
     inserting ``through (4), and subject to paragraphs (5) and 
     (6).'';
       (2) in paragraph (2)--
       (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``1990'' and inserting 
     ``1994''; and
       (B) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``(including payments 
     for all costs (other than compensation of Federal employees) 
     of reviews of Head Start agencies and programs under section 
     641A(c), and of activities related to the development and 
     implementation of quality improvement plans under section 
     641A(d)(2))'' after ``Secretary'';
       (3) in paragraph (3), by striking ``paragraph (5)'' each 
     place it appears and inserting ``paragraph (4)'';
       (4) by striking paragraph (4), and redesignating paragraphs 
     (5) and (6) as paragraphs (4) and (7), respectively;
       (5) in paragraph (4), as redesignated in paragraph (4), by 
     striking ``The'' and inserting ``Subject to section 639(b), 
     the''; and
       (6) by adding after paragraph (4), as redesignated in 
     paragraph (4), the following new paragraphs:
       ``(5)(A) From amounts reserved and allotted pursuant to 
     paragraph (4), the Secretary shall reserve such sums as may 
     be necessary to award the collaboration grants described in 
     subparagraph (B).
       ``(B) From the reserved sums, the Secretary may award a 
     collaboration grant to each State to facilitate collaboration 
     regarding activities carried out in the State under this 
     subchapter, and other activities carried out in, and by, the 
     State that are targeted to low-income children and families.
       ``(C) A State that receives a grant under subparagraph (B) 
     shall--
       ``(i) appoint an individual to serve as a State liaison 
     between--
       ``(I) agencies and individuals carrying out Head Start 
     programs in the State; and
       ``(II) agencies and entities carrying out programs serving 
     low-income children and families;
       ``(ii) involve the State Head Start Association in the 
     selection of the individual, and involve the association in 
     determinations relating to the ongoing direction of the 
     collaboration;
       ``(iii) ensure that the individual holds a position with 
     sufficient authority and access to ensure that the 
     collaboration described in subparagraph (B) is effective and 
     involves a range of State agencies; and
       ``(iv) ensure that the collaboration described in 
     subparagraph (B) involves coordination of Head Start services 
     with health care, welfare, child care, education, and 
     national service activities, and activities relating to 
     children with disabilities.
       ``(D) As used in this paragraph, the term `low-income', 
     used with respect to children or families, shall not be 
     considered to refer only to children or families that meet 
     the low-income criteria prescribed pursuant to section 
     645(a)(1)(A).
       ``(6) From amounts reserved and allotted pursuant to 
     paragraphs (2) and (4), the Secretary shall use, for grants 
     for programs described in section 645A(a), a portion of the 
     combined total of such amounts equal to 3 percent for fiscal 
     year 1995, 4 percent for each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997, 
     and 5 percent for fiscal year 1998, of the amount 
     appropriated pursuant to section 639(a).''.
       (c) Considerations for Allocation of Funds for Program 
     Expansion.--Section 640(g) (42 U.S.C. 9835(g)) is amended--
       (1) by striking ``(g)'' and inserting ``(g)(1)''; and
       (2) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:
       ``(2) For the purpose of expanding Head Start programs, in 
     allocating funds to an applicant within a State, from amounts 
     allotted to a State pursuant to subsection (a)(4), the 
     Secretary shall take into consideration--
       ``(A) the quality of the applicant's programs (including 
     Head Start and other child care or child development 
     programs) in existence on the date of the allocation, 
     including, in the case of Head Start programs in existence on 
     the date of the allocation, the extent to which such programs 
     meet or exceed performance standards and other requirements 
     under this subchapter;
       ``(B) the applicant's capacity to expand services 
     (including, in the case of Head Start programs in existence 
     on the date of the allocation, whether the applicant 
     accomplished any prior expansions in an effective and timely 
     manner);
       ``(C) the extent to which the applicant has undertaken 
     community-wide strategic planning and needs assessments 
     involving other community organizations serving children and 
     families;
       ``(D) the numbers of eligible children in each community 
     who are not participating in a Head Start program; and
       ``(E) the concentration of low-income families in each 
     community.
       ``(3) In determining the amount of funds reserved pursuant 
     to subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (a)(2) to be used 
     for expanding Head Start programs under this subchapter, the 
     Secretary shall take into consideration, to the extent 
     appropriate, the factors specified in paragraph (2).''.
       (d) Technical Amendment.--Section 640(h) (42 U.S.C. 
     9835(h)) is amended by striking ``Each Head Start program 
     may'' and inserting ``Financial assistance provided under 
     this subchapter may be used by each Head Start program to''.
       (e) Compensation.--Section 640 (42 U.S.C. 9835) is amended 
     by adding at the end the following new subsection:
       ``(j) Any agency that receives financial assistance under 
     this subchapter to improve the compensation of staff who 
     provide services under this Act shall use the financial 
     assistance to improve the compensation of such staff, 
     regardless of whether the agency has the ability to improve 
     the compensation of staff employed by the agency who do not 
     provide Head Start services.''.

     SEC. 106. REPORT.

       Section 640A (42 U.S.C. 9835a) is repealed.

     SEC. 107. DESIGNATION.

       (a) Indian Reservations.--Section 641(b) (42 U.S.C. 
     9836(b)) is amended by inserting after ``Indian reservation'' 
     the following: ``(including members of Indian tribes living 
     near the reservation)''.
       (b) Designation of Agencies--Section 641(c) (42 U.S.C. 
     9836(c)) is amended--
       (1) by striking paragraphs (2) through (4);
       (2) in the first sentence--
       (A) by inserting ``(subject to paragraph (2))'' before ``, 
     the Secretary shall give priority''; and
       (B) by striking ``unless'' and all that follows through the 
     end of subparagraph (A) and inserting the following: ``unless 
     the Secretary makes a finding that the agency involved fails 
     to meet program, financial management, and other requirements 
     established by the Secretary.'';
       (3) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as paragraph (2);
       (4) in paragraph (2), as so redesignated--
       (A) by striking ``except that, if'' and inserting ``If''; 
     and
       (B) by striking ``subparagraph (A)'' and inserting 
     ``paragraph (1)'';
       (5) by striking ``Notwithstanding any other provision of 
     this paragraph'' and inserting the following:
       ``(3) Notwithstanding any other provision of this 
     subsection''; and
       (6) by aligning the margins of paragraph (2) with the 
     margins of paragraph (3).
       (c) Considerations in Designating New Head Start 
     Agencies.--Section 641(d) (42 U.S.C. 9836(d)) is amended--
       (1) in the first sentence, by striking all that precedes 
     ``then the Secretary'' and inserting ``If no entity in a 
     community is entitled to the priority specified in subsection 
     (c),'';
       (2) by striking the second sentence;
       (3) in the third sentence--
       (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
     ``and subject to the preceding sentence''; and
       (B) in paragraph (4), to read as follows:
       ``(4) the plan of such applicant--
       ``(A) to seek the involvement of parents of participating 
     children in activities designed to help such parents become 
     full partners in the education of their children;
       ``(B) to afford such parents the opportunity to participate 
     in the development, conduct, and overall performance of the 
     program at the local level;
       ``(C) to offer (directly or through referral to local 
     entities, such as entities carrying out Even Start programs 
     under part B of chapter 1 of title I of the Elementary and 
     Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2741 et seq.)) to 
     such parents--
       ``(i) family literacy services; and
       ``(ii) parenting skills training;
       ``(D) at the option of such applicant, to offer (directly 
     or through referral to local entities) to such parents--
       ``(i) parental social self-sufficiency training;
       ``(ii) substance abuse counseling; or
       ``(iii) any other activity designed to help such parents 
     become full partners in the education of their children; and
       ``(E) to provide, with respect to each participating 
     family, a family needs assessment that includes consultation 
     with such parents about the benefits of parent involvement 
     and about the activities described in subparagraphs (C) and 
     (D) in which such parents may choose to become involved 
     (taking into consideration their specific family needs, work 
     schedules, and other responsibilities);'';
       (4) in paragraph (7), by inserting ``and'' after the 
     semicolon;
       (5) by striking paragraph (8); and
       (6) by redesignating paragraph (9) as paragraph (8).
       (d) Conforming Amendment.--Section 641 (42 U.S.C. 9836) is 
     amended--
       (1) by striking subsection (f); and
       (2) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (f).

     SEC. 108. MONITORING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE.

       The Act is amended by inserting after section 641 (42 
     U.S.C. 9836) the following new section:

     ``SEC. 641A. QUALITY STANDARDS; MONITORING OF HEAD START 
                   AGENCIES AND PROGRAMS.

       ``(a) Quality Standards.--
       ``(1) Establishment of standards.--The Secretary shall 
     establish by regulation standards applicable to Head Start 
     agencies, programs, and projects under this subchapter, 
     including--
       ``(A) performance standards with respect to services 
     required to be provided, including health, education, 
     parental involvement, nutritional, social, and other 
     services;
       ``(B) administrative and financial management standards;
       ``(C) standards relating to the condition and location of 
     facilities for such agencies, programs, and projects; and
       ``(D) such other standards as the Secretary finds to be 
     appropriate.
       ``(2) Minimum requirements.--The regulations promulgated 
     under this subsection shall establish the minimum levels of 
     overall accomplishment that a Head Start agency shall achieve 
     in order to meet the standards specified in paragraph (1).
       ``(3) Considerations in developing standards.--In 
     developing the regulations required under paragraph (1), the 
     Secretary shall--
       ``(A) consult with experts in the fields of child 
     development, early childhood education, family services, 
     administration, and financial management, and with persons 
     with experience in the operation of Head Start programs;
       ``(B) take into consideration--
       ``(i) past experience with use of the standards in effect 
     under this subchapter on the date of enactment of this 
     section;
       ``(ii) changes over the period since the date of enactment 
     of this Act in the circumstances and problems typically 
     facing children and families served by Head Start agencies;
       ``(iii) developments concerning best practices with respect 
     to child development, children with disabilities, family 
     services, program administration, and financial management; 
     and
       ``(iv) projected needs of an expanding Head Start program; 
     and
       ``(C)(i) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
     of this section, review and revise as necessary the 
     performance standards in effect under 651(b) on the day 
     before the date of enactment of this section; and
       ``(ii) ensure that any such revisions in the performance 
     standards will not result in the elimination of or any 
     reduction in the scope or types of health, education, 
     parental involvement, nutritional, social, or other services 
     required to be provided under such standards as in effect on 
     November 2, 1978.
       ``(4) Standards relating to obligations to delegate 
     agencies.--In developing standards under this subsection, the 
     Secretary shall describe the obligations of a Head Start 
     agency to an agency (referred to in this subchapter as the 
     `delegate agency') to which the Head Start agency has 
     delegated responsibility for providing services under this 
     subchapter and determine whether the Head Start agency 
     complies with the standards. The Secretary shall consider 
     such compliance during the review described in subsection 
     (c)(1)(A) and in determining whether to renew financial 
     assistance to the Head Start agency under this subchapter.
       ``(b) Performance Measures.--
       ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
     enactment of this section, the Secretary, in consultation 
     with representatives of Head Start agencies and with experts 
     in the fields of child development, family services, and 
     program management, shall develop methods and procedures for 
     measuring, annually and over longer periods, the quality and 
     effectiveness of programs operated by Head Start agencies 
     (referred to in this subchapter as `performance measures').
       ``(2) Design of measures.--The performance measures 
     developed under this subsection shall be designed--
       ``(A) to assess the various services provided by Head Start 
     programs and, to the extent the Secretary finds appropriate, 
     administrative and financial management practices of such 
     programs;
       ``(B) to be adaptable for use in self-assessment and peer 
     review of individual Head Start agencies and programs; and
       ``(C) for other program purposes as determined by the 
     Secretary.
       ``(3) Use of measures.--The Secretary shall use the 
     performance measures developed pursuant to this subsection--
       ``(A) to identify strengths and weaknesses in the operation 
     of Head Start programs nationally and by region; and
       ``(B) to identify problem areas that may require additional 
     training and technical assistance resources.
       ``(c) Monitoring of Local Agencies and Programs.--
       ``(1) In general.--In order to determine whether Head Start 
     agencies meet standards established under this subchapter 
     with respect to program, administrative, financial 
     management, and other requirements, the Secretary shall 
     conduct the following reviews of designated Head Start 
     agencies, and of the Head Start programs operated by such 
     agencies:
       ``(A) A full review of each such agency at least once 
     during each 3-year period.
       ``(B) A review of each newly designated agency immediately 
     after the completion of the first year such agency carries 
     out a Head Start program.
       ``(C) Followup reviews including prompt return visits to 
     agencies and programs that fail to meet the standards.
       ``(D) Other reviews as appropriate.
       ``(2) Conduct of reviews.--The Secretary shall ensure that 
     reviews described in subparagraphs (A) through (C) of 
     paragraph (1)--
       ``(A) are performed, to the maximum extent practicable, by 
     employees of the Department of Health and Human Services who 
     are knowledgeable about Head Start programs; and
       ``(B) are supervised by such an employee at the site of 
     such Head Start agency.
       ``(d) Corrective Action; Termination.--
       ``(1) Determination.--If the Secretary determines, on the 
     basis of a review pursuant to subsection (c), that a Head 
     Start agency designated pursuant to section 641 fails to meet 
     the standards described in subsection (c), the Secretary 
     shall--
       ``(A) inform the agency of the deficiencies that shall be 
     corrected;
       ``(B) with respect to each identified deficiency, require 
     the agency--
       ``(i) to correct the deficiency immediately; or
       ``(ii) at the discretion of the Secretary (taking into 
     consideration the seriousness of the deficiency and the time 
     reasonably required to correct the deficiency), to comply 
     with the requirements of paragraph (2) concerning a quality 
     improvement plan; and
       ``(C) initiate proceedings to terminate the designation of 
     the agency unless the agency corrects the deficiency.
       ``(2) Quality improvement plan.--
       ``(A) Agency responsibilities.--In order to retain a 
     designation as a Head Start agency under this subchapter, a 
     Head Start agency that is the subject of a determination 
     described in paragraph (1) (other than an agency able to 
     correct a deficiency immediately) shall--
       ``(i) develop in a timely manner, obtain the approval of 
     the Secretary regarding, and implement a quality improvement 
     plan that specifies--

       ``(I) the deficiencies to be corrected;
       ``(II) the actions to be taken to correct such 
     deficiencies; and
       ``(III) the timetable for accomplishment of the corrective 
     actions specified; and

       ``(ii) eliminate each deficiency identified, not later than 
     the date for elimination of such deficiency specified in such 
     plan (which shall not be later than 1 year after the date the 
     agency received notice of the determination and of the 
     specific deficiency to be corrected).
       ``(B) Secretarial responsibility.--Not later than 30 days 
     after receiving from a Head Start agency a proposed quality 
     improvement plan pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Secretary 
     shall either approve such proposed plan or specify the 
     reasons why the proposed plan cannot be approved.
       ``(3) Training and technical assistance.--The Secretary 
     shall provide training and technical assistance to Head Start 
     agencies with respect to the development or implementation of 
     such quality improvement plans to the extent the Secretary 
     finds such provision to be feasible and appropriate given 
     available funding and other statutory responsibilities.
       ``(e) Summaries of Monitoring Outcomes.--The Secretary 
     shall publish annually, following the end of each fiscal 
     year, a summary report on the findings of reviews conducted 
     under subsection (c), and on the outcomes of quality 
     improvement plans implemented under subsection (d), during 
     such fiscal year.''.

     SEC. 109. TRANSITION COORDINATION WITH SCHOOLS AND PARENT 
                   INVOLVEMENT.

       Section 642 (42 U.S.C. 9837) is amended--
       (1) in subsection (b)--
       (A) in paragraph (4), to read as follows: ``(4) seek the 
     involvement of parents of participating children in 
     activities designed to help such parents become full partners 
     in the education of their children, and to afford such 
     parents the opportunity to participate in the development, 
     conduct, and overall performance of the program at the local 
     level;'';
       (B) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``and'' after the 
     semicolon;
       (C) by striking paragraph (6);
       (D) by redesignating paragraphs (5) and (7) as paragraphs 
     (8) and (9), respectively; and
       (E) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following new 
     paragraphs: ``(5) offer (directly or through referral to 
     local entities, such as entities carrying out Even Start 
     programs under part B of chapter 1 of title I of the 
     Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
     2741 et seq.)), to parents of participating children, family 
     literacy services and parenting skills training; (6) at the 
     option of such agency, offer (directly or through referral to 
     local entities), to such parents, parental social self-
     sufficiency training, substance abuse counseling, or any 
     other activity designed to help such parents become full 
     partners in the education of their children; (7) provide, 
     with respect to each participating family, a family needs 
     assessment that includes consultation with such parents about 
     the benefits of parent involvement and about the activities 
     described in paragraphs (4) through (6) in which such parents 
     may choose to be involved (taking into consideration their 
     specific family needs, work schedules, and other 
     responsibilities);'';
       (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``schools that will 
     subsequently serve children in Head Start programs,''; and
       (3) by adding after subsection (c) the following new 
     subsection:
       ``(d)(1) Each Head Start agency shall carry out the actions 
     specified in this subsection, to the extent feasible and 
     appropriate in the circumstances (including the extent to 
     which such agency is able to secure the cooperation of 
     parents and schools) to enable children to maintain the 
     developmental gains achieved in Head Start programs and to 
     build upon such gains in further schooling.
       ``(2) The Head Start agency shall take steps to coordinate 
     with the local educational agency (as defined in section 
     1471(12) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 
     1965 (20 U.S.C. 2891(12)) serving the community involved and 
     with schools in which children participating in a Head Start 
     program operated by such agency will enroll following such 
     program, including--
       ``(A) developing and implementing a systematic procedure 
     for transferring Head Start program records for each 
     participating child to the school in which such child will 
     enroll;
       ``(B) establishing channels of communication between Head 
     Start staff and their counterparts in the schools (including 
     teachers, social workers, and health staff) to facilitate 
     coordination of programs;
       ``(C) conducting meetings involving parents, kindergarten 
     or elementary school teachers, and Head Start program 
     teachers to discuss the developmental and other needs of 
     individual children; and
       ``(D) organizing and participating in joint transition-
     related training of school staff and Head Start staff.
       ``(3) In order to promote the continued involvement of the 
     parents of children that participate in Head Start programs 
     in the education of their children upon transition to school, 
     the Head Start agency shall--
       ``(A) provide training to the parents--
       ``(i) to inform the parents about their rights and 
     responsibilities concerning the education of their children; 
     and
       ``(ii) to enable the parents to understand and work with 
     schools in order to communicate with teachers and other 
     school personnel, to support the school work of their 
     children, and to participate as appropriate in decisions 
     relating to the education of their children; and
       ``(B) take other actions, as appropriate and feasible, to 
     support the active involvement of the parents with schools, 
     school personnel, and school-related organizations.
       ``(4) The Secretary of Health and Human Services and the 
     Secretary of Education shall assess the results of the 
     activities funded under the Head Start Transition Project Act 
     (42 U.S.C. 9855 et seq.) and shall work together to provide 
     technical assistance to enable communities to implement 
     proposed practices emerging from the activities, to improve 
     the Head Start programs and programs of the schools.''.

     SEC. 110. FACILITIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS.

       Section 644 (42 U.S.C. 9839) is amended--
       (1) in subsection (d), by striking ``guidelines, 
     instructions,'';
       (2) in subsection (f)--
       (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``640(a)(3)(A)(v)'' and 
     inserting ``640(a)(3)(C)(v)''; and
       (B) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
       ``(3) Upon a determination by the Secretary that suitable 
     facilities are not otherwise available to Indian tribes to 
     carry out Head Start programs, and that the lack of suitable 
     facilities will inhibit the operation of such programs, the 
     Secretary, in the discretion of the Secretary, may authorize 
     the use of financial assistance, from the amount reserved 
     under section 640(a)(2)(A), to make payments for the purchase 
     of facilities owned by such tribes. The amount of such a 
     payment for such a facility shall not exceed the fair market 
     value of the facility.''; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following new subsections:
       ``(g)(1) Upon a determination by the Secretary that 
     suitable facilities (including public school facilities) are 
     not otherwise available to Indian tribes, rural communities, 
     and other low-income communities to carry out Head Start 
     programs, that the lack of suitable facilities will inhibit 
     the operation of such programs, and that construction of such 
     facilities is more cost effective than purchase of available 
     facilities or renovation, the Secretary, in the discretion of 
     the Secretary, may authorize the use of financial assistance 
     under this subchapter to make payments for capital 
     expenditures related to facilities that will be used to carry 
     out such programs. The Secretary shall establish uniform 
     procedures for Head Start agencies to request approval for 
     such payments, and shall promote, the extent practicable, the 
     collocation of Head Start programs with other programs 
     serving low-income children and families.
       ``(2) Such payments may be used for capital expenditures 
     (including paying the cost of amortizing the principal, and 
     paying interest on, loans) such as expenditures for--
       ``(A) construction of facilities that are not in existence 
     on the date of the determination;
       ``(B) major renovation of facilities in existence on such 
     date; and
       ``(C) purchase of vehicles used for programs conducted at 
     the Head Start facilities.
       ``(3) All laborers and mechanics employed by contractors or 
     subcontractors in the construction or renovation of 
     facilities to be used to carry out Head Start programs shall 
     be paid wages at not less than those prevailing on similar 
     construction in the locality, as determined by the Secretary 
     of Labor in accordance with the Act of March 3, 1931, as 
     amended (40 U.S.C. 276a et seq., commonly known as the 
     `Davis-Bacon Act').
       ``(h) In all personnel actions of the American Indian 
     Programs Branch of the Head Start Bureau of the 
     Administration for Children and Families, the Secretary shall 
     give the same preference to individuals who are members of an 
     Indian tribe as the Secretary gives to a disabled veteran, as 
     defined in section 2108(3)(C) of title 5, United States Code. 
     The Secretary shall take such additional actions as may be 
     necessary to promote recruitment of such individuals for 
     employment in the Administration.''.

     SEC. 111. PARTICIPATION.

       Section 645 (42 U.S.C. 9840) is amended
       (1) in subsection (c)--
       (A) in the first sentence, by striking ``may provide'' and 
     all that follows and inserting ``shall be permitted to 
     provide more than 1 year of Head Start services to eligible 
     children in the State.''; and
       (B) by striking the second sentence; and
       (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
       ``(d)(1) An Indian tribe that--
       ``(A) operates a Head Start program;
       ``(B) enrolls as participants in the program all children 
     in the community served by the tribe (including a community 
     with a near-reservation designation, as defined by the Bureau 
     of Indian Affairs) from families that meet the low-income 
     criteria prescribed under subsection (a)(1)(A); and
       ``(C) has the resources to enroll additional children in 
     the community who do not meet the low-income criteria;
     may enroll such additional children in a Head Start program, 
     in accordance with this subsection, if the program 
     predominantly serves children who meet the low-income 
     criteria.
       ``(2) The Indian tribe shall enroll the children in the 
     Head Start program in accordance with such requirements as 
     the Secretary may specify by regulation promulgated after 
     consultation with Indian tribes.
       ``(3) In providing services through a Head Start program to 
     such children, the Indian tribe may not use funds that the 
     Secretary has determined, in accordance with section 
     640(g)(3), are to be used for expanding Head Start programs 
     under this subchapter.''.

     SEC. 112. INITIATIVE ON FAMILIES WITH INFANTS AND TODDLERS.

       (a) Establishment.--The Act is amended by adding after 
     section 645 (42 U.S.C. 9840) the following new section:

     ``SEC. 645A. PROGRAMS FOR FAMILIES WITH INFANTS AND TODDLERS.

       ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall make grants, in 
     accordance with the provisions of this section for--
       ``(1) programs providing family-centered services for low-
     income families with very young children designed to promote 
     the development of the children, and to enable their parents 
     to fulfill their roles as parents and to move toward self-
     sufficiency; and
       ``(2) provision of training and technical assistance to 
     entities carrying out programs, and evaluation of programs, 
     that were supported under the Comprehensive Child Development 
     Act (42 U.S.C. 9881 et seq.), as in effect on the day before 
     the date of enactment of this section.
       ``(b) Scope and Design of Programs.--In carrying out a 
     program described in subsection (a), an entity receiving 
     assistance under this section shall--
       ``(1) provide, either directly or through referral, early, 
     continuous, intensive, and comprehensive child development 
     and family support services that will enhance the physical, 
     social, emotional, and intellectual development of 
     participating children;
       ``(2) ensure that the level of services provided to 
     families responds to their needs and circumstances;
       ``(3) promote positive parent-child interactions;
       ``(4) provide services to parents to support their role as 
     parents and to help the families move toward self-sufficiency 
     (including educational and employment services as 
     appropriate);
       ``(5) coordinate services with services provided by 
     programs in the State and programs in the community to ensure 
     a comprehensive array of services (such as health and mental 
     health services);
       ``(6) ensure formal linkages with local Head Start programs 
     in order to provide for continuity of services for children 
     and families;
       ``(7) in the case of a Head Start agency that operates a 
     program and that also provides Head Start services through 
     the age of mandatory school attendance, ensure that children 
     and families participating in the program receive such 
     services through such age; and
       ``(8) meet such other requirements concerning design and 
     operation of the program described in subsection (a) as the 
     Secretary may establish.
       ``(c) Persons Eligible To Participate.--Persons who may 
     participate in programs described in subsection (a)(1) 
     include--
       ``(1) pregnant women; and
       ``(2) families with children under age 3 (or under age 5, 
     in the case of children served by an entity specified in 
     subsection (e)(3));

     who meet the income criteria specified for families in 
     section 645(a)(1).
       ``(d) Eligible Service Providers.--To be eligible to 
     receive assistance under this section, an entity shall submit 
     an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, 
     and containing such information as the Secretary may require. 
     Entities that may apply to carry out activities under this 
     section include--
       ``(1) entities operating Head Start programs under this 
     subchapter;
       ``(2) entities that, on the day before the date of 
     enactment of this section, were operating--
       ``(A) Parent-Child Centers receiving financial assistance 
     under section 640(a)(4), as in effect on such date; or
       ``(B) programs receiving financial assistance under the 
     Comprehensive Child Development Act, as in effect on such 
     date; and
       ``(3) other public entities, and nonprofit private 
     entities, capable of providing child and family services that 
     meet the standards for participation in programs under this 
     subchapter and meet such other appropriate requirements 
     relating to the activities under this section as the 
     Secretary may establish.
       ``(e) Time-Limited Priority for Certain Entities.--
       ``(1) In general.--From amounts allotted pursuant to 
     paragraphs (2) and (4) of section 640(a), the Secretary shall 
     provide financial assistance in accordance with paragraphs 
     (2) through (4).
       ``(2) Parent-child centers.--The Secretary shall make 
     financial assistance available under this section for each of 
     fiscal years 1995, 1996, and 1997 to any entity that--
       ``(A) complies with subsection (b); and
       ``(B) received funding as a Parent-Child Center pursuant to 
     section 640(a)(4), as in effect on the day before the date of 
     enactment of this section, for fiscal year 1994.
       ``(3) Comprehensive child development centers.--
       ``(A) In the case of an entity that received a grant for 
     fiscal year 1994 to operate a project under the Comprehensive 
     Child Development Act, the Secretary--
       ``(i) shall make financial assistance available under this 
     section, in a comparable amount and scope to the assistance 
     provided for fiscal year 1994, for the duration of the 
     project period specified in the grant award to such entity 
     under such Act; and
       ``(ii) shall permit such entity, in carrying out activities 
     assisted under this section, to serve children from birth 
     through age 5.
       ``(B) In the case of an entity that received a grant for 
     fiscal year 1989 to operate a project under the Comprehensive 
     Child Development Act, the Secretary shall make assistance 
     available under this section for each of fiscal years 1995, 
     1996, and 1997 to any entity that complies with subsection 
     (b).
       ``(4) Evaluations, training, and technical assistance.--The 
     Secretary shall make financial assistance available under 
     this section as necessary to provide for the evaluation of, 
     and furnishing of training and technical assistance to, 
     programs specified in paragraph (3)(A).
       ``(f) Selection of Other Grant Recipients.--From the 
     balance remaining of the portion specified in section 
     640(a)(6), after making grants to the eligible entities 
     specified in subsection (e), the Secretary shall award grants 
     under this subsection on a competitive basis to applicants 
     meeting the criteria specified in subsection (d) (giving 
     priority to entities with a record of providing early, 
     continuous, and comprehensive childhood development and 
     family services).
       ``(g) Distribution.--In awarding grants to eligible 
     applicants under this section, the Secretary shall--
       ``(1) ensure an equitable national geographic distribution 
     of the grants; and
       ``(2) award grants to applicants proposing to serve 
     communities in rural areas and to applicants proposing to 
     serve communities in urban areas.
       ``(h) Secretarial Responsibilities.--
       ``(1) Guidelines.--Not later than September 30, 1994, the 
     Secretary shall develop program guidelines concerning the 
     content and operation of programs assisted under this 
     section--
       ``(A) in consultation with experts in early childhood 
     development, experts in health, and experts in family 
     services; and
       ``(B) taking into consideration the knowledge and 
     experience gained from other early childhood programs, 
     including programs under the Comprehensive Child Development 
     Act.
       ``(2) Standards.--Not later than December 30, 1994, the 
     Secretary shall develop and publish performance standards for 
     programs assisted under this section, and a grant 
     announcement based on the guidelines developed under 
     paragraph (1).
       ``(3) Monitoring, training, technical assistance, and 
     evaluation.--In order to ensure the successful operation of 
     programs assisted under this section, the Secretary shall use 
     funds from the balance described in subsection (f) to monitor 
     the operation of such programs, evaluate their effectiveness, 
     and provide training and technical assistance tailored to the 
     particular needs of such programs.''.
       (b) Consolidation.--In recognition that the Comprehensive 
     Child Development Centers Act has demonstrated positive 
     results, and that its purposes and functions have been 
     consolidated into section 645A of the Head Start Act, the 
     Comprehensive Child Development Centers Act of 1988 (42 
     U.S.C. 9801 note) and the Comprehensive Child Development Act 
     (42 U.S.C. 9881 et seq.) are repealed.

     SEC. 113. APPEALS, NOTICE, AND HEARING.

       (a) Mediation and Hearing for Disputes With Delegate 
     Agencies.--Section 646(a) (42 U.S.C. 9841(a)) is amended--
       (1) at the end of paragraph (2), by striking ``and'';
       (2) at the end of paragraph (3), by striking the period and 
     inserting ``; and''; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
       ``(4) the Secretary shall develop and publish procedures 
     (including mediation procedures) to be used in order to--
       ``(A) resolve in a timely manner conflicts potentially 
     leading to adverse action between--
       ``(i) recipients of financial assistance under this 
     subchapter; and
       ``(ii) delegate agencies or Head Start Parent Policy 
     Councils; and
       ``(B) avoid the need for an administrative hearing.''.
       (b) Termination of Designation Not Stayed Pending Appeal.--
     Section 646 (42 U.S.C. 9841) is further amended by striking 
     subsection (b) and inserting the following new subsection:
       ``(b) In prescribing procedures for the mediation described 
     in subsection (a)(4), the Secretary shall specify--
       ``(1) the date by which a Head Start agency engaged in a 
     conflict described in subsection (a)(4) will notify the 
     appropriate regional office of the Department of the 
     conflict;
       ``(2) a reasonable period for the mediation;
       ``(3) a timeline for an administrative hearing, if 
     necessary, to resolve the conflict; and
       ``(4) a timeline by which the person conducting the 
     administrative hearing shall issue a decision based on the 
     hearing.
       ``(c) In any case in which a termination, reduction, or 
     suspension of financial assistance under this subchapter is 
     upheld in an administrative hearing under this section, such 
     termination, reduction, or suspension shall not be stayed 
     pending any judicial appeal of such administrative decision.
       ``(d)(1) The Secretary shall by regulation specify a 
     process by which an Indian tribe may identify and establish 
     an alternative agency, and request that the alternative 
     agency be designated under section 641 as the Head Start 
     agency providing services to the tribe, if--
       ``(A) the Secretary terminates financial assistance under 
     section 646 to the only agency that was receiving financial 
     assistance to provide Head Start services to the Indian 
     tribe; and
       ``(B) the tribe would otherwise be precluded from providing 
     such services to the members of the tribe.
       ``(2) The regulation required by this subsection shall 
     prohibit such designation of an alternative agency that 
     includes an employee who--
       ``(A) served on the administrative staff or program staff 
     of the agency described in paragraph (1)(A); and
       ``(B) was responsible for a deficiency that--
       ``(i) relates to the performance standards or financial 
     management standards described in section 641A(a)(1); and
       ``(ii) was the basis for the termination of financial 
     assistance described in paragraph (1)(A);

     as determined by the Secretary after providing the notice and 
     opportunity described in subsection (a)(3).''.

     SEC. 114. GOALS AND PRIORITIES FOR TRAINING AND TECHNICAL 
                   ASSISTANCE.

       Section 648 (42 U.S.C. 9843) is amended--
       (1) in the section heading to read as follows:


                 ``technical assistance and training'';

       (2) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``Head Start 
     programs, including'' and inserting ``Head Start programs, in 
     accordance with the process, and the provisions for 
     allocating resources, set forth in subsections (b) and (c). 
     The Secretary shall provide, either directly or through 
     grants or other arrangements,'';
       (3)(A) by redesignating the final sentence of subsection 
     (a), as amended by paragraph (2), as subsection (e);
       (B) by transferring such subsection to the end of the 
     section; and
       (C) by indenting such subsection and aligning the margins 
     of such subsection with the margins of subsection (d);
       (4) by striking subsections (b) and (c); and
       (5) by inserting after subsection (a) the following new 
     subsections:
       ``(b) The process for determining the technical assistance 
     and training activities to be carried out under this section 
     shall--
       ``(1) ensure that the needs of local Head Start agencies 
     and programs relating to improving program quality and to 
     program expansion are addressed to the maximum extent 
     feasible; and
       ``(2) incorporate mechanisms to ensure responsiveness to 
     local needs, including an ongoing procedure for obtaining 
     input from the individuals and agencies carrying out Head 
     Start programs.
       ``(c) In allocating resources for technical assistance and 
     training under this section, the Secretary shall--
       ``(1) give priority consideration to activities to correct 
     program and management deficiencies identified through 
     reviews pursuant to section 641A(c) (including the provision 
     of assistance to local programs in the development of quality 
     improvement plans under section 641A(d)(2));
       ``(2) address the training and career development needs of 
     classroom staff (including instruction for providing services 
     to children with disabilities) and nonclassroom staff, 
     including home visitors and other staff working directly with 
     families, including training relating to increasing parent 
     involvement and services designed to increase family literacy 
     and improve parenting skills;
       ``(3) assist Head Start agencies and programs in conducting 
     and participating in communitywide strategic planning and 
     needs assessment;
       ``(4) assist Head Start agencies and programs in the 
     development of sound management practices, including 
     financial management procedures; and
       ``(5) assist in efforts to secure and maintain adequate 
     facilities for Head Start programs.''.

     SEC. 115. STAFF QUALIFICATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT.

       The Head Start Act is amended by inserting after section 
     648 (42 U.S.C. 9843) the following new section:

     ``SEC. 648A. STAFF QUALIFICATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT.

       ``(a) Classroom Teachers.--
       ``(1) Degree requirements.--The Secretary shall ensure that 
     not later than September 30, 1996, each Head Start classroom 
     in a center-based program is assigned one teacher who has--
       ``(A) a child development associate (CDA) credential that 
     is appropriate to the age of the children being served in 
     center-based programs;
       ``(B) a State-awarded certificate for preschool teachers 
     that meets or exceeds the requirements for a child 
     development associate credential;
       ``(C) an associate, a baccalaureate, or an advanced degree 
     in early childhood education; or
       ``(D) a degree in a field related to early childhood 
     education with experience in teaching preschool children and 
     a State-awarded certificate to teach in a preschool program.
       ``(2) Waiver.--On request, the Secretary shall grant a 180-
     day waiver of the requirements of paragraph (1) with respect 
     to an individual who--
       ``(A) is first employed after September 30, 1996, by a Head 
     Start agency as a teacher for a Head Start classroom;
       ``(B) is enrolled in a program that grants any credential, 
     certificate, or degree specified in subparagraph (A), (B), 
     (C), or (D) of paragraph (1); and
       ``(C) will receive such credential under the terms of such 
     program not later than 180 days after beginning employment as 
     a teacher with such agency.
       ``(3) Limitation.--The Secretary may not grant more than 
     one such waiver with respect to such individual.
       ``(b) Mentor Teachers.--
       ``(1) Definition; function.--For purposes of this 
     subsection, the term `mentor teacher' means an individual 
     responsible for observing and assessing the classroom 
     activities of a Head Start program and providing on-the-job 
     guidance and training to the Head Start program staff and 
     volunteers, in order to improve the qualifications and 
     training of classroom staff, to maintain high quality 
     education services, and to promote career development, in 
     Head Start programs.
       ``(2) Requirement.--In order to assist Head Start agencies 
     in establishing positions for mentor teachers, the Secretary 
     shall--
       ``(A) provide technical assistance and training to enable 
     Head Start agencies to establish such positions;
       ``(B) give priority consideration, in providing assistance 
     pursuant to subparagraph (A), to Head Start programs that 
     have substantial numbers of new classroom staff or that are 
     experiencing difficulty in meeting applicable education 
     standards; and
       ``(C) encourage Head Start programs to give priority 
     consideration for such positions to Head Start teachers at 
     the appropriate level of career advancement in such programs.
       ``(c) Family Service Workers.--In order to improve the 
     quality and effectiveness of staff providing in-home and 
     other services (including needs assessment, development of 
     service plans, family advocacy, and coordination of service 
     delivery) to families of children participating in Head Start 
     programs, the Secretary, in coordination with concerned 
     public and private agencies and organizations examining the 
     issues of standards and training for family service workers, 
     shall--
       ``(1) review and, as necessary, revise or develop new 
     qualification standards for Head Start staff providing such 
     services;
       ``(2) promote the development of model curricula (on 
     subjects including parenting training and family literacy) 
     designed to ensure the attainment of appropriate competencies 
     by individuals working or planning to work in the field of 
     early childhood and family services; and
       ``(3) promote the establishment of a credential that 
     indicates attainment of the competencies and that is accepted 
     nationwide.
       ``(d) Head Start Fellowships.--
       ``(1) Authority.--The Secretary may establish a program of 
     fellowships, to be known as `Head Start Fellowships', in 
     accordance with this subsection. The Secretary may award the 
     fellowships to individuals, to be known as `Head Start 
     Fellows', who are staff in local Head Start programs or other 
     individuals working in the field of child development and 
     family services.
       ``(2) Purpose.--The fellowship program established under 
     this subsection shall be designed to enhance the ability of 
     Head Start Fellows to make significant contributions to 
     programs authorized under this subchapter, by providing 
     opportunities to expand their knowledge and experience 
     through exposure to activities, issues, resources, and new 
     approaches, in the field of child development and family 
     services.
       ``(3) Assignments of fellows.--
       ``(A) Placement sites.--Fellowship positions under the 
     fellowship program may be located (subject to subparagraphs 
     (B) and (C))--
       ``(i) in agencies of the Department of Health and Human 
     Services administering programs authorized under this 
     subchapter (in national or regional offices of such 
     agencies);
       ``(ii) in local Head Start agencies and programs;
       ``(iii) in institutions of higher education;
       ``(iv) in public or private entities and organizations 
     concerned with services to children and families; and
       ``(v) in other appropriate settings.
       ``(B) Limitation for fellows other than head start 
     employees.--A Head Start Fellow who is not an employee of a 
     local Head Start agency or program may be placed only in a 
     fellowship position located in an agency or program specified 
     in clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (A).
       ``(C) No placement in lobbying organizations.--Head Start 
     Fellowship positions may not be located in any agency whose 
     primary purpose, or one of whose major purposes, is to 
     influence Federal, State, or local legislation.
       ``(4) Selection of fellows.--Head Start Fellowships shall 
     be awarded on a competitive basis to individuals (other than 
     Federal employees) selected from among applicants who are 
     working, on the date of application, in local Head Start 
     programs or otherwise working in the field of child 
     development and children and family services.
       ``(5) Duration.--Head Start Fellowships shall be for terms 
     of 1 year, and may be renewed for a term of 1 additional 
     year.
       ``(6) Authorized expenditures.--From amounts appropriated 
     under this subchapter and allotted under section 
     640(a)(2)(D), the Secretary is authorized to make 
     expenditures of not to exceed $1,000,000 for any fiscal year, 
     for stipends and other reasonable expenses of the fellowship 
     program.
       ``(7) Status of fellows.--Except as otherwise provided in 
     this paragraph, Head Start Fellows shall not be considered to 
     be employees or otherwise in the service or employment of the 
     Federal Government. Head Start Fellows shall be considered to 
     be employees for purposes of compensation for injuries under 
     chapter 81 of title 5, United States Code. Head Start Fellows 
     assigned to positions located in agencies specified in 
     paragraph (3)(A)(i) shall be considered employees in the 
     executive branch of the Federal Government for the purposes 
     of chapter 11 of title 18, United States Code, and for 
     purposes of any administrative standards of conduct 
     applicable to the employees of the agency to which they are 
     assigned.
       ``(8) Regulations.--The Secretary shall promulgate 
     regulations to carry out this subsection.
       ``(e) Model Staffing Plans.--Not later than 1 year after 
     the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary, in 
     consultation with appropriate public agencies, private 
     agencies, and organizations and with individuals with 
     expertise in the field of children and family services, shall 
     develop model staffing plans to provide guidance to local 
     Head Start agencies and programs on the numbers, types, 
     responsibilities, and qualifications of staff required to 
     operate a Head Start program.''.

     SEC. 116. RESEARCH, DEMONSTRATIONS, EVALUATION.

       Section 649 (42 U.S.C. 9844) is amended to read as follows:

     ``SEC. 649. RESEARCH, DEMONSTRATIONS, AND EVALUATION.

       ``(a) In General.--
       ``(1) Requirement; general purposes.--The Secretary shall 
     carry out a continuing program of research, demonstration, 
     and evaluation activities, in order to--
       ``(A) foster continuous improvement in the quality of the 
     Head Start programs under this subchapter and in their 
     effectiveness in enabling participating children and their 
     families to succeed in school and otherwise; and
       ``(B) use the Head Start programs to develop, test, and 
     disseminate new ideas and approaches for addressing the needs 
     of low-income preschool children (including children with 
     disabilities) and their families and communities, and 
     otherwise to further the purposes of this subchapter.
       ``(2) Plan.--The Secretary shall develop, and periodically 
     update, a plan governing the research, demonstration, and 
     evaluation activities under this section.
       ``(b) Conduct of Research, Demonstration, and Evaluation 
     Activities.--The Secretary, in order to conduct research, 
     demonstration, and evaluation activities under this section--
       ``(1) may carry out such activities directly, or through 
     grants to, or contracts or cooperative agreements with, 
     public or private entities;
       ``(2) shall, to the extent appropriate, undertake such 
     activities in collaboration with other Federal agencies, and 
     with non-Federal agencies, conducting similar activities;
       ``(3) shall ensure that evaluation of activities in a 
     specific program or project is conducted by persons not 
     directly involved in the operation of such program or 
     project;
       ``(4) may require Head Start agencies to provide for 
     independent evaluations;
       ``(5) may approve, in appropriate cases, community-based 
     cooperative research and evaluation efforts to enable Head 
     Start programs to collaborate with qualified researchers not 
     directly involved in program administration or operation; and
       ``(6) may collaborate with organizations with expertise in 
     inclusive educational strategies for preschoolers with 
     disabilities.
       ``(c) Consultation and Collaboration.--In carrying out 
     activities under this section, the Secretary shall--
       ``(1) consult with--
       ``(A) individuals from relevant academic disciplines;
       ``(B) individuals who are involved in the operation of Head 
     Start programs and individuals who are involved in the 
     operation of other child and family service programs; and
       ``(C) individuals from other Federal agencies, and 
     individuals from organizations, involved with children and 
     families, ensuring that the individuals described in this 
     subparagraph reflect the multicultural nature of the children 
     and families served by the Head Start programs and the 
     multidisciplinary nature of the Head Start programs;
       ``(2) whenever feasible and appropriate, obtain the views 
     of persons participating in and served by programs and 
     projects assisted under this subchapter with respect to 
     activities under this section; and
       ``(3) establish, to the extent appropriate, working 
     relationships with the faculties of institutions of higher 
     education, as defined in section 1201(a) of the Higher 
     Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1141(a)), located in the 
     area in which any evaluation under this section is being 
     conducted, unless there is no such institution of higher 
     education willing and able to participate in such evaluation.
       ``(d) Specific Objectives.--The research, demonstration, 
     and evaluation activities under this subchapter shall include 
     components designed to--
       ``(1) permit ongoing assessment of the quality and 
     effectiveness of the programs under this subchapter;
       ``(2) contribute to developing knowledge concerning factors 
     associated with the quality and effectiveness of Head Start 
     programs and in identifying ways in which services provided 
     under this subchapter may be improved;
       ``(3) assist in developing knowledge concerning the factors 
     that promote or inhibit healthy development and effective 
     functioning of children and their families both during and 
     following participation in a Head Start program;
       ``(4) permit comparisons of children and families 
     participating in Head Start programs with children and 
     families receiving other child care, early childhood 
     education, or child development services and with other 
     appropriate control groups;
       ``(5) contribute to understanding the characteristics and 
     needs of population groups eligible for services provided 
     under this subchapter and the impact of such services on the 
     individuals served and the communities in which such services 
     are provided;
       ``(6) provide for disseminating and promoting the use of 
     the findings from such research, demonstration, and 
     evaluation activities; and
       ``(7) promote exploration of areas in which knowledge is 
     insufficient, and that will otherwise contribute to 
     fulfilling the purposes of this subchapter.
       ``(e) Longitudinal Studies.--In developing priorities for 
     research, demonstration, and evaluation activities under this 
     section, the Secretary shall give special consideration to 
     longitudinal studies that--
       ``(1) examine the developmental progress of children and 
     their families both during and following participation in a 
     Head Start program, including the examination of factors that 
     contribute to or detract from such progress;
       ``(2) examine factors related to improving the quality of 
     the Head Start programs and the preparation the programs 
     provide for children and their families to function 
     effectively in schools and other settings in the years 
     following participation in such a program; and
       ``(3) as appropriate, permit comparison of children and 
     families participating in Head Start programs with children 
     and families receiving other child care, early childhood 
     education, or child development services, and with other 
     appropriate control groups.
       ``(f) Ownership of Results.--The Secretary shall take 
     necessary steps to ensure that all studies, reports, 
     proposals, and data produced or developed with Federal funds 
     under this subchapter shall become the property of the United 
     States.''.

     SEC. 117. ANNOUNCEMENTS AND EVALUATIONS.

       Section 650 (42 U.S.C. 9845) is repealed.

     SEC. 118. REPORTS.

       (a) In General.--Section 651 (42 U.S.C. 9846) is amended--
       (1) by striking the section heading and all that follows 
     through subsection (f) and inserting:

     ``SEC. 651. REPORTS.'';

       (2) by striking ``(g)'';
       (3) in paragraph (10), by striking ``evaluations conducted 
     under section 641(c)(2)'' and inserting ``monitoring 
     conducted under section 641A(c)''; and
       (4)(A) by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (11);
       (B) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (12) and 
     inserting ``; and''; and
       (C) by adding after paragraph (12) the following new 
     paragraph:
       ``(13) a summary of information concerning the research, 
     demonstration, and evaluation activities conducted under 
     section 649, including--
       ``(A) a status report on ongoing activities; and
       ``(B) results, conclusions, and recommendations, not 
     included in any previous report, based on completed 
     activities.''.
       (b) Redesignation.--Section 651 is redesignated as section 
     650.

     SEC. 119. REPEALS.

       Sections 651A and 652 (42 U.S.C. 9846a and 9847) are 
     repealed.

     SEC. 120. STUDY OF BENEFITS FOR HEAD START EMPLOYEES.

       (a) Study.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services 
     shall conduct a study regarding the benefits available to 
     individuals employed by Head Start agencies under the Head 
     Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.).
       (b) Report.--
       (1) Preparation.--The Secretary shall prepare a report, 
     containing the results of the study, that--
       (A) describes the benefits, including health care benefits, 
     family and medical leave, and retirement pension benefits, 
     available to such individuals;
       (B) includes recommendations for increasing the access of 
     the individuals to benefits, including access to a retirement 
     pension program; and
       (C) addresses the feasibility of participation by such 
     individuals in the Federal Employees' Retirement System under 
     chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code.
       (2) Submission.--The Secretary shall submit the report to 
     the appropriate committees of Congress.

     SEC. 121. AUTOMATIC ELIGIBILITY OF HEAD START PARTICIPANTS.

       The National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.) is 
     amended--
       (1) in section 9(b)(6) (42 U.S.C. 1758(b)(6))--
       (A) in subparagraph (A)--
       (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking ``a 
     member of'';
       (ii) in clause (i)--

       (I) by inserting ``a member of'' after ``(i)''; and
       (II) by striking ``or'' at the end of the clause;

       (iii) in clause (ii)--

       (I) by inserting ``a member of'' after ``(ii)''; and
       (II) by striking the period at the end of the clause and 
     inserting ``; or''; and

       (iv) by adding at the end the following new clause:
       ``(iii) enrolled as a participant in a Head Start program 
     authorized under the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.), 
     on the basis of a determination that the child is a member of 
     a family that meets the low-income criteria prescribed under 
     section 645(a)(1)(A) of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 
     9840(a)(1)(A)).''; and
       (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``food stamps or aid 
     to families with dependent children'' and inserting ``food 
     stamps, aid to families with dependent children, or 
     enrollment or participation in the Head Start program on the 
     basis described in subparagraph (A)(iii)''; and
       (2) in section 17(c) (42 U.S.C. 1766(c)), by adding at the 
     end the following new paragraph:
       ``(5) A child shall be considered automatically eligible 
     for benefits under this section without further application 
     or eligibility determination, if the child is enrolled as a 
     participant in a Head Start program authorized under the Head 
     Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.), on the basis of a 
     determination that the child is a member of a family that 
     meets the low-income criteria prescribed under section 
     645(a)(1)(A) of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 
     9840(a)(1)(A)).''.

     SEC. 122. READY TO LEARN PROGRAM REAUTHORIZATION.

       (a) Eligible Entities.--Section 4702(b)(1) of the 
     Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
     3161a(b)(1)) is amended by striking ``, nongovernmental 
     entity'' and inserting ``entity (including public 
     telecommunications entities)''.
       (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 4706(a) of 
     the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
     3161e(a)) is amended--
       (1) by striking ``$25,000,000 for fiscal year 1993'' and 
     inserting ``$30,000,000 for fiscal year 1995''; and
       (2) by striking ``for fiscal year 1994.'' and inserting 
     ``for each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997.''.

     SEC. 123. STATE DEPENDENT CARE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS.

       Section 670A of the State Dependent Care Development Grants 
     Act (42 U.S.C. 9871) is amended by striking ``are authorized 
     to be appropriated'' and all that follows and inserting ``is 
     authorized to be appropriated $13,000,000 for fiscal year 
     1995.''.

     SEC. 124. REAUTHORIZATION OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATE 
                   SCHOLARSHIP ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1985.

       Section 606 of the Child Development Associate Scholarship 
     Assistance Act of 1985 (42 U.S.C. 10905) is amended by 
     striking ``$1,500,000'' and all that follows and inserting 
     ``to carry out this title such sums as may be necessary for 
     fiscal year 1995.''.

     SEC. 125. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

       (a) Head Start Transition Project Act.--Section 133(a) of 
     the Head Start Transition Project Act is amended by striking 
     ``639(c)'' and inserting ``639(b)''.
       (b) Social Security Act.--Section 1924(d)(3)(A)(i) of the 
     Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396r-5(d)(3)(A)(i)) is 
     amended by striking ``sections 652 and 673(2)'' and inserting 
     ``section 673(2)''.

     SEC. 126. EFFECTIVE DATE AND APPLICATION.

       (a) Effective Date.--This title, and the amendments made by 
     this title, shall take effect on the date of enactment of 
     this title.
       (b) Application.--The requirements of this title and the 
     amendments made by this title shall not apply to Head Start 
     agencies and other recipients of financial assistance under 
     the Head Start Act until October 1, 1994.
          TITLE II--COMMUNITY SERVICES BLOCK GRANT AMENDMENTS

     SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE AND REFERENCES.

       (a) Short Title.--This title may be cited as the 
     ``Community Services Block Grant Amendments of 1994''.
       (b) References.--Except as otherwise expressly provided, 
     whenever in this title an amendment or repeal is expressed in 
     terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other 
     provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a 
     section or other provision of the Community Services Block 
     Grant Act (42 U.S.C. 9901 et seq.).

     SEC. 202. AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIATIONS.

       (a) Authorization of Appropriation and Repeal.--
       (1) Authorization of appropriations.--Subsection (b) of 
     section 672 (42 U.S.C. 9901(b)) is amended to read as 
     follows:
       ``(b) There are authorized to be appropriated $525,000,000 
     for fiscal year 1995, and such sums as may be necessary for 
     each of fiscal years 1996 through 1998, to carry out the 
     provisions of this subtitle.''.
       (2) Repeal.--Section 408 of the Human Services 
     Reauthorization Act of 1986 (42 U.S.C. 9910b) is repealed.
       (b) State Allocations.--Section 674 (42 U.S.C. 9903) is 
     amended--
       (1) by redesignating subsections (a), (b) and (c) as 
     subsections (b), (c) and (d), respectively; and
       (2) by inserting before subsection (b) (as so 
     redesignated), the following new subsection:
       ``(a) Of the amounts appropriated for a fiscal year 
     pursuant to section 672(b), the Secretary may reserve not 
     less than one-half of 1 percent and not more than 1 percent 
     for training, technical assistance, planning, and evaluation 
     activities related to programs or projects carried out under 
     this Act. Such activities may be carried out by the Secretary 
     directly or through grants, contracts, or cooperative 
     agreements.''.
       (c) Applications and Requirements.--
       (1) Form and assurances.--Section 675(a) (42 U.S.C. 
     9904(a)) is amended by inserting ``or significant amendments 
     thereof'' before ``shall contain assurances''.
       (2) Use of funds.--Section 675(c)(1) (42 U.S.C. 9904(c)(1)) 
     is amended by striking ``use the funds available under this 
     Act'' and inserting ``ensure that, at its discretion and 
     consistent with agreements with the State, each recipient of 
     funds available under this Act will use such funds''.
       (3) Assured activities.--Section 675(c)(1)(B) (42 U.S.C. 
     9904(c)(1)(B)) is amended by inserting ``homeless individuals 
     and families, migrants, and'' before ``the elderly poor''.
       (4) State responsibilities.--Section 675(c)(2)(B) (42 
     U.S.C. 9904(c)(2)(B)) is amended to read as follows:
       ``(B) if less than 100 percent of the allotment is expended 
     under subparagraph (A), provide assurances that with respect 
     to the remainder of the allotment a reasonable amount shall 
     be used for--
       ``(i) providing training and technical assistance to those 
     entities in need of such assistance and such activities will 
     not be considered administrative expenses;
       ``(ii) coordinating State-operated programs and services 
     targeted to low-income children and families with services 
     provided by eligible entities funded under this Act, 
     including outposting appropriate State or local public 
     employees into entities funded under this Act to ensure 
     increased access to services provided by such State or local 
     agencies;
       ``(iii) supporting statewide coordination and communication 
     among eligible entities;
       ``(iv) administrative expenses at the State level, 
     including monitoring activities, but not more than $55,000 or 
     5 percent of its allotment under section 674; and
       ``(v) considering the distribution of funds under this Act 
     within the State to determine if such funds have been 
     targeted to the areas of highest need.''.
       (5) Tripartite board.--Section 675(c)(3) (42 U.S.C. 
     9904(c)(3)) is amended--
       (A) by inserting ``selected by the community action agency 
     or nonprofit private organization and'' after ``board will 
     be'';
       (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) as 
     clauses (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively;
       (C) by striking the comma after ``provide assurances that'' 
     and inserting ``(A)''; and
       (D) by inserting before the semicolon at the end thereof 
     ``, and (B) in the case of a public organization receiving 
     funds under this subtitle, such organization either 
     establish--
       ``(i) a board of which at least one-third of the members 
     are persons chosen in accordance with democratic selection 
     procedures adequate to assure that they are representative of 
     the poor in the area served; or
       ``(ii) another mechanism specified by the State to assure 
     low-income citizen participation in the planning, 
     administration, and evaluation of projects for which such 
     organization has been funded;''.
       (6) Regulations.--The next to last sentence of section 
     675(c) (42 U.S.C. 9904(c)) is amended by striking ``may not'' 
     and inserting ``shall by regulation''.
       (d) Community Action Agency Plan.--Section 675(c) (42 
     U.S.C. 9904(c)) is amended--
       (1) in paragraph (11)--
       (A) by redesignating clauses (i) through (iii) of 
     subparagraph (A) as items (aa) through (cc), respectively;
       (B) by realigning the margin of the sentence beginning with 
     ``For purposes of'' so as to align with subparagraph (A) of 
     paragraph (1);
       (C) by striking ``For purposes of'' and inserting ``(A) For 
     purposes of'';
       (D) by striking ``(A) a statewide'' and inserting ``(i)(I) 
     a statewide'';
       (E) by striking ``(B) the failure'' and inserting ``(ii) 
     the failure'';
       (F) by inserting immediately before paragraph (12) the 
     following:
       ``(B) for purposes of making a determination with respect 
     to a termination, the term `cause' includes the material 
     failure of an eligible entity to comply with the terms of its 
     agreement and community action plan to provide services under 
     this subtitle;''.
       (2) in paragraph (12) by striking the period and inserting 
     a semicolon; and
       (3) by inserting after paragraph (12) the following new 
     paragraphs:
       ``(13) secure from each eligible entity as a condition to 
     its receipt of funding under this Act a community action plan 
     (which shall be available to the Secretary for inspection) 
     that includes--
       ``(A) a community needs assessment (including food needs);
       ``(B) a description of the service delivery system targeted 
     to low-income individuals and families in the service area;
       ``(C) a description of how linkages will be developed to 
     fill identified gaps in services through information, 
     referral, case management, and followup consultations;
       ``(D) a description of how funding under this Act will be 
     coordinated with other public and private resources; and
       ``(E) a description of outcome measures to be used to 
     monitor success in promoting self-sufficiency, family 
     stability, and community revitalization; and
       ``(14) provide assurances that cost and accounting 
     standards of the Office of Management and Budget shall apply 
     to a recipient of funds under this Act.''.
       (e) Public Inspections of Plans.--Section 675(d)(2) (42 
     U.S.C. 9904(d)(2)) is amended by inserting ``or revision'' 
     after ``Each plan''.
       (f) Audits.--The last sentence of section 675(f) (42 U.S.C. 
     9904(f)) is amended by inserting before ``to the 
     legislature'' the following: ``to the eligible entity at no 
     charge,''.

     SEC. 203. DISCRETIONARY AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY.

       (a) Training and Activities.--Section 681(a) (42 U.S.C. 
     9910(a)) is amended--
       (1) in the matter preceeding paragraph (1), by striking 
     ``to provide for--'' and inserting ``to provide for'';
       (2) by striking paragraphs (1) and (3);
       (3) in paragraph (2)--
       (A) by striking ``(2) ongoing'' and inserting ``ongoing'';
       (B) by striking ``including special emphasis programs for'' 
     and inserting ``with special emphasis on''; and
       (C) by striking subparagraphs (A) through (F); and
       (4) by inserting the following new paragraphs:
       ``(1) a Community Initiative Program, awarded on a 
     competitive basis, to fund private, nonprofit community 
     development corporations for the purposes of planning and 
     carrying out community and economic development activities in 
     economically distressed areas and in rural areas, as 
     described in subsection (c);
       ``(2) grants to eligible entities for the development and 
     implementation of innovative approaches to deal with critical 
     needs or problems of low-income individuals that are common 
     to a number of communities, including grants to provide 
     opportunities for leadership development, community 
     involvement and education success to disadvantaged persons 
     between the ages of 14 and 25; and
       ``(3) grants to support the design, development, and 
     widespread availability of interactive information technology 
     among the nationwide network of Community Service Block Grant 
     eligible entities, State administrators, national 
     associations and organizations, and program recipients to 
     promote electronic communication and access to program 
     information that would enhance the effective delivery of 
     social services.''.
       (b) Community Initiative Program.--Subsection (b) of 
     section 681 (42 U.S.C. 9910) is amended to read as follows:
       ``(b) Community Initiative Program.--
       ``(1) In general.--
       ``(A) Economic development activities.--Economic 
     development activities under this section shall be designed 
     to address the economic needs of low-income individuals and 
     families by creating employment and business development 
     opportunities.
       ``(B) Consultation.--The Secretary shall exercise the 
     authority provided under subparagraph (A) in consultation 
     with other relevant Federal officials.
       ``(C) Governing boards.--Each community development 
     corporation receiving funds under this section shall be 
     governed by a board that shall consist of residents of the 
     community and business and civic leaders and shall have as a 
     principal purpose planning, developing or managing low-income 
     housing and community development projects.
       ``(D) Geographic distribution.--In providing assistance or 
     entering into other arrangements under this section, the 
     Secretary shall take into consideration the geographic 
     distribution of funds among States and the relative 
     proportion of funding among rural and urban areas.
       ``(E) Reservation.--Of the amounts made available to carry 
     out this section, the Secretary may reserve not to exceed 1 
     percent for each fiscal year to make grants to private 
     nonprofit organizations or to enter into contracts with 
     private nonprofit or for profit organizations to provide 
     technical assistance to aid community development 
     corporations in developing or implementing projects funded 
     under this section and to evaluate projects funded under this 
     section.
       ``(2) Rural community development activities.--Rural 
     community development activities under this section shall 
     include--
       ``(A) grants to private, nonprofit corporations that 
     provide assistance to rural low-income families in home 
     repair and in planning and developing low-income rural rental 
     housing units; and
       ``(B) grants to multistate, regional private, nonprofit 
     organizations that provide training and technical assistance 
     to small, rural communities in meeting their community 
     facility needs.''.

     SEC. 204. COMMUNITY FOOD AND NUTRITION.

       Subsection (d) of section 681A (42 U.S.C. 9910a(d)) is 
     amended to read as follows:
       ``(d) There are authorized to be appropriated $25,000,000 
     for fiscal year 1995, and such sums as may be necessary for 
     each of fiscal years 1996 through 1998, to carry out this 
     section.''.

     SEC. 205. EFFECTIVE DATE.

       This title, and the amendments made by this title, shall 
     take effect on October 1, 1994.
        TITLE III--LOW-INCOME HOME ENERGY ASSISTANCE AMENDMENTS

     SECTION 301. SHORT TITLE AND REFERENCES.

       (a) Short Title.--This title may be cited as the ``Low-
     Income Home Energy Assistance Amendments of 1994''.
       (b) References.--Except as otherwise expressly provided, 
     whenever in this title an amendment or repeal is expressed in 
     terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other 
     provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a 
     section or other provision of the Low-Income Home Energy 
     Assistance Act of 1981 (42 U.S.C. 8621 et seq.).

     SEC. 302. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE.

       Subsection (a) of section 2602 (42 U.S.C. 8621(a)) is 
     amended to read as follows:
       ``(a) The Secretary is authorized to make grants, in 
     accordance with the provisions of this title, to States to 
     assist low-income households, particularly those that pay a 
     high proportion of household income for home energy, 
     primarily in meeting their immediate home energy needs and, 
     where appropriate, to reduce the energy needs and costs of 
     such households and thereby improve their capacity to meet 
     such needs in the future.''.

     SEC. 303. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

       (a) Amounts Authorized.--Section 2602 (42 U.S.C. 8621) is 
     amended--
       (1) in subsection (b), by striking ``this title'' and all 
     that follows through the end of the first sentence and 
     inserting ``this title, $2,000,000,000 for each of fiscal 
     years 1995 through 1999.''; and
       (2) in the last sentence of subsection (c)--
       (A) by striking ``July 1'' and inserting ``October 1''; and
       (B) by striking ``for which'' and inserting ``following the 
     year in which''.
       (b) Incentive Program for Leveraging Non-Federal Sources.--
     Subsection (d) of section 2602 (42 U.S.C. 8621(d)) is amended 
     to read as follows:
       ``(d) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
     section 2607A, $50,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1995 
     and 1996, and such sums as may be necessary for each of the 
     fiscal years 1997 through 1999.''.

     SEC. 304. EMERGENCY FUNDS.

       (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 2602 (42 
     U.S.C. 8621) as amended by section 3, is further amended by 
     adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
       ``(d) There are authorized to be appropriated in any fiscal 
     year for payments under this title, in addition to amounts 
     appropriated for distribution to all the States in accordance 
     with section 2604 (other than subsection (g)), $600,000,000 
     for each of the fiscal years 1995 through 1999, to meet the 
     additional home energy assistance needs of one or more States 
     arising from a natural disaster or other emergency. Funds 
     appropriated pursuant to this subsection are hereby 
     designated to be emergency requirements pursuant to section 
     251(b)(2)(D) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
     Control Act of 1985, except that such funds shall be made 
     available only after the submission to Congress of a formal 
     budget request by the President (for all or a part of the 
     appropriation pursuant to this subsection) that includes a 
     designation of the amount requested as an emergency 
     requirement as defined in such Act.''.
       (b) Home Energy.--Section 2603 (42 U.S.C. 8622(3)) is 
     amended--
       (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), 
     (6), and (7) as paragraphs (2), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), and 
     (9), respectively;
       (2) by inserting before paragraph (2) (as so redesignated), 
     the following new paragraph:
       ``(1) The term `energy burden' means the expenditures of 
     the household for home energy divided by the income of the 
     household.''; and
       (3) by inserting before paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), 
     the following new paragraph:
       ``(3) The term `highest home energy needs' means the home 
     energy requirements of households that include members of 
     vulnerable populations, including very young children and the 
     frail elderly.''
       (c) Allotment of Emergency Funds.--Section 2604 (42 U.S.C. 
     8623) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following 
     new subsection:
       ``(g) Notwithstanding subsections (a) through (f), the 
     Secretary may allot amounts appropriated pursuant to section 
     2602(d) to one or more than one State. In determining to 
     which State or States additional funds may be allotted, the 
     Secretary shall take into account the extent to which a State 
     was affected by the emergency or disaster, the availability 
     to an affected State of other resources under this or any 
     other program, and such other factors as the Secretary 
     determines relevant.''.

     SEC. 305. AUTHORIZED USES OF FUNDS.

       (a) In General.--Paragraph (1) of section 2605(b) (42 
     U.S.C. 8624(b)(1)) is amended to read as follows:
       ``(1) use the funds available under this title to--
       ``(A) conduct outreach activities and provide assistance to 
     low income households in meeting their home energy costs, 
     particularly those that pay a high proportion of household 
     income for home energy, consistent with paragraph (5);
       ``(B) intervene in energy crisis situations;
       ``(C) provide low-cost residential weatherization and other 
     cost-effective energy-related home repair; and
       ``(D) plan, develop, and administer the State's program 
     under this title including leveraging programs,
     and the State agrees not to use such funds for any purposes 
     other than those specified in this title;''.
       (b) Encouraged Reduced Home Energy Needs.--Section 2605(b) 
     (42 U.S.C. 8624(b)) is amended--
       (1) in paragraph (9)(B), by inserting before the semicolon 
     the following: ``(except for the costs of the activities 
     described in paragraph (16))'';
       (2) in paragraph (15), by striking the period and inserting 
     ``; and''; and
       (3) by inserting after paragraph (15) the following new 
     paragraph:
       ``(16) subject the use of such funds to the requirements of 
     paragraph (9)(A) if it uses such funds to provide services 
     that encourage and enable households to reduce their home 
     energy needs and thereby the need for energy assistance, 
     including needs assessments, counseling, and assistance with 
     energy vendors.''.

     SEC. 306. TARGETING OF ASSISTANCE TO HOUSEHOLDS WITH HIGH 
                   HOME ENERGY BURDENS.

       (a) Household Income.--Section 2605(b)(2)(B) (42 U.S.C. 
     8624(b)(2)(B)) is amended by striking the matter following 
     clause (ii) and inserting the following:

     ``except that a State may not exclude a household from 
     eligibility in a fiscal year solely on the basis of household 
     income if such income is less than 110 percent of the poverty 
     level for such State, but the State may give priority to 
     those households with the highest home energy costs or needs 
     in relation to household income;''.
       (b) Outreach Activities.--Section 2605(b)(3) (42 U.S.C. 
     8624(b)(3)) is amended by striking ``are made aware'' and 
     inserting ``and households with high home energy burdens, are 
     made aware''.
       (c) Assistance Levels.--Section 2605(b)(5) (42 U.S.C. 
     8624(b)(5)) is amended by inserting ``or needs'' after 
     ``highest energy costs''.
       (d) State Plan.--Section 2605(c)(1) (42 U.S.C. 8624(c)(1)) 
     is amended--
       (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) as 
     subparagraphs (F) and (H), respectively; and
       (2) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following new 
     subparagraph:
       ``(E) describes any steps that will be taken (in addition 
     to those necessary to carry out the assurance contained in 
     paragraph (5) of subsection (b)) to target assistance to 
     households with high home energy burdens;''.

     SEC. 307. REMOVAL OF CONSTRAINT ON SECRETARIAL PROGRAM 
                   GUIDANCE.

       Section 2605(b) (42 U.S.C. 8624(b)) is amended by striking 
     the first flush sentence immediately following paragraph 
     (14).

     SEC. 308. CLARIFICATION OF AUDIT REQUIREMENT.

       Section 2605 (42 U.S.C. 8624) is amended--
       (1) in subsection (b)(10), by striking ``and provide that'' 
     and all that follows and inserting ``and provide that the 
     State will comply with the provisions of chapter 75 of title 
     31, United States Code (commonly known as the `Single Audit 
     Act');''; and
       (2) in subsection (e), by striking ``at least every two 
     years'' and all that follows and inserting ``in accordance 
     with chapter 75 of title 31, United States Code.''.

     SEC. 309. USE OF DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY WEATHERIZATION RULES TO 
                   ACHIEVE PROGRAM CONSISTENCY.

       Section 2605(c)(1)(D) (42 U.S.C. 8624(c)(1)(D)) is amended 
     by inserting before the semicolon at the end thereof the 
     following: ``, including any steps the State will take to 
     address the weatherization and energy-related home repair 
     needs of households that have high home energy burdens, and 
     describes any rules promulgated by the Department of Energy 
     for administration of its Low Income Weatherization 
     Assistance Program which the State, to the extent permitted 
     by the Secretary to increase consistency between federally 
     assisted programs, will follow regarding the use of funds 
     provided under this title by the State for such 
     weatherization and energy-related home repairs and 
     improvements''.

     SEC. 310. MATTERS TO BE DESCRIBED IN ANNUAL APPLICATION.

       Section 2605(c)(1) (42 U.S.C. 8624(c)(1)) is amended--
       (1) in subparagraph (F) (as so redesignated by section 
     306(d) of this Act)--
       (A) by striking ``and (13)'' and inserting ``(13), and 
     (15)''; and
       (B) by striking ``and'' at the end thereof; and
       (2) by inserting after subparagraph (F) (as so redesignated 
     by section 306(d) of this Act), the following new 
     subparagraph:
       ``(G) states, with respect to the 12-month period specified 
     by the Secretary, the number and income levels of households 
     which apply and the number which are assisted with funds 
     provided under this title, and the number of households so 
     assisted with--
       ``(i) one or more members who has attained 60 years of age;
       ``(ii) one or more members who were disabled; and
       ``(iii) one or more young children; and''.

     SEC. 311. REPORT OF FUNDS AVAILABLE FOR OBLIGATION.

       Section 2607(a) (42 U.S.C. 8628(a)) is amended--
       (1) by inserting ``(1)'' after the subsection designation; 
     and
       (2) by adding at the end thereof the following new 
     paragraph:
       ``(2) Each State shall notify the Secretary, not later than 
     2 months prior to the close of a fiscal year, of the amount 
     (if any) of its allotment for such year that will not be 
     obligated in such year, and, if such State elects to submit a 
     request described in subsection (b)(2), such State shall 
     submit such request at the same time. The Secretary shall 
     make no payment under paragraph (1) to a State for a fiscal 
     year unless the State has complied with this paragraph with 
     respect to the prior fiscal year.''.

     SEC. 312. MISCELLANEOUS AND TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.

       (a) In General.--
       (1) Treatment of households.--Section 2605(b)(7)(D) (42 
     U.S.C. 8624(b)(7)(D)) is amended to read as follows:
       ``(D) ensure that the provision of vendored payments 
     remains at the option of the State in consultation with local 
     grantees and may be contingent on vendors taking appropriate 
     measures to alleviate the energy burdens of eligible 
     households, including providing for compacts between 
     suppliers and individuals eligible for benefits under this 
     Act that seek to reduce home energy costs, minimize the risks 
     of home energy crisis, and encourage regular payments by 
     individuals receiving financial assistance for home energy 
     costs;''.
       (2) Incentive program.--Section 2607A(e) (42 U.S.C. 
     8626a(e)) is amended by striking ``July 31, of each year'' 
     and inserting ``2 months after the close of the fiscal year 
     during which the State provided leveraged resources to 
     eligible households, as described in subsection (b)''.
       (3) Training and technical assistance.--Section 2609A(a) is 
     amended by striking ``$500,000'' and inserting ``$250,000''.
       (b) Technical Amendments.--
       (1) Section 2602(b) (42 U.S.C. 8621(b)) is amended--
       (A) by inserting ``(other than section 2607A)'' after ``to 
     carry out the provisions of this title''; and
       (B) by striking the second period at the end thereof.
       (2) Section 2603(2) (42 U.S.C. 8622(2)) is amended--
       (A) by striking ``the'' in paragraph (2) and inserting 
     ``The''; and
       (B) by striking the semicolon at the end thereof and 
     inserting a period.
       (3) The sentence that immediately precedes paragraph (15) 
     of section 2605(b) (42 U.S.C. 8624(b)) is transferred so as 
     to appear as a flush sentence immediately after paragraph 
     (16).
       (4) Section 2605(b)(3) (42 U.S.C. 8624(b)(3)) is amended by 
     striking ``handicapped'' and inserting ``disabled''.
       (5) Section 2607A(c)(2) (42 U.S.C. 8626a(c)(2)) is amended 
     by striking ``.0008 percent'' and inserting ``0.08 percent''.
       (6) Section 2610(a) (42 U.S.C. 8629(a)) is amended--
       (A) in paragraph (2), by striking the semicolon after 
     ``used'' and inserting a semicolon after ``title''; and
       (B) in paragraph (5)--
       (i) by striking ``handicapped'' and inserting ``disabled''; 
     and
       (ii) by inserting before the semicolon at the end thereof 
     ``or include young children''.

     SEC. 313. EFFECTIVE DATE.

       The amendments and repeals made by this title shall become 
     effective on October 1, 1994.
           TITLE IV--COMMUNITY-BASED FAMILY RESOURCE PROGRAMS

     SEC. 401. COMMUNITY-BASED FAMILY RESOURCE PROGRAMS.

       (a) In General.--Section 933 of the Claude Pepper Young 
     Americans Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12339) is amended to read as 
     follows:

     ``SEC. 933. COMMUNITY-BASED FAMILY RESOURCE PROGRAMS.

       ``(a) Purpose.--It is the purpose of this section to 
     promote a systemic approach to prevention through the 
     promotion of innovative funding mechanisms for networks of 
     comprehensive family resource services provided through 
     collaborative approaches, including public-private 
     partnerships.
       ``(b) Authority.--The Commissioner shall make grants to 
     States on a formula basis for the purpose of--
       ``(1) establishing and expanding statewide networks of 
     community-based family resource programs, including funds for 
     the initial costs of providing specific family resource 
     services, that ensure family involvement in the design and 
     operation of family resource programs which are responsive to 
     the unique and diverse strengths of children and families;
       ``(2) promoting child abuse and neglect prevention 
     activities;
       ``(3) promoting the establishment and operation of State 
     trust funds or other mechanisms for integrating child and 
     family services funding streams in order to provide flexible 
     funding for the development of community-based family 
     resource programs;
       ``(4) establishing or expanding community-based 
     collaboration to foster the development of a continuum of 
     preventive services for children and families, which are 
     family-centered and culturally-relevant; and
       ``(5) encouraging public and private partnerships in the 
     establishment and expansion of family resource programs.
       ``(c) Eligibility for Grants.--A State is eligible for a 
     grant under this section for any fiscal year if--
       ``(1) such State has established or maintained in the 
     previous fiscal year--
       ``(A) a trust fund, including appropriations for such fund; 
     or
       ``(B) any other mechanism that pools State, Federal, and 
     private funds for integrating child and family service 
     resources; and
       ``(2) such trust fund or other funding mechanism includes 
     (in whole or in part) provisions making funding available 
     specifically for a broad range of child abuse and neglect 
     prevention activities and family resource programs.
       ``(d) Amount of Grant.--
       ``(1) In general.--Amounts appropriated for a fiscal year 
     to provide grants under this section shall be allotted, among 
     eligible States in each fiscal year so that--
       ``(A) 50 percent of the total amount appropriated for such 
     fiscal year is allotted among each State based on the number 
     of children under the age of 18 residing in each State, 
     except that each State shall receive not less than $100,000; 
     and
       ``(B) the remaining 50 percent of the total amount 
     appropriated for such fiscal year is allotted in an amount 
     equal to 25 percent of the total amount allocated by each 
     such State to the State's trust fund or other mechanism for 
     integrating family resource services in the fiscal year prior 
     to the fiscal year for which the allotment is being 
     determined.
       ``(e) Existing Grants.--A State that has a grant in effect 
     on the date of enactment of this section under the Family 
     Resource and Support Program or the Temporary Child Care and 
     Crisis Nurseries Program shall continue to receive funds 
     under such Programs, subject to the original terms under 
     which such funds were granted, through the end of the 
     applicable grant cycle.
       ``(f) Application.--No grant may be made to any eligible 
     State under this section unless an application is prepared 
     and submitted to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, 
     and containing or accompanied by such information as the 
     Commissioner determines to be essential to carry out the 
     purposes and provisions of this section, including--
       ``(1) a description of the agency designated by the Chief 
     Executive Officer of the State to administer the funds 
     provided under this section and assume responsibility for 
     implementation and oversight of the family resource programs 
     and other child abuse and neglect prevention activities, and 
     an assurance that the agency so designated--
       ``(A) is the trust fund advisory board or an existing 
     quasi-public organization with interdisciplinary governance 
     that pools State, Federal, and private funds for family 
     resource programs or integrating child and family service 
     resources; or
       ``(B) with respect to a State without a trust fund 
     mechanism or quasi-public organization that meets the 
     requirements of subparagraph (A), is an existing State 
     agency, or other public, quasi-public, or nonprofit private 
     agency responsible for the development and implementation of 
     a statewide network of community-based family resource 
     programs;
       ``(2) assurances that the agency designated under paragraph 
     (1) can demonstrate the capacity to fulfill the purposes 
     described in subsection (a), and shall have--
       ``(A) a demonstrated ability to work with other State and 
     community-based agencies, to provide training and technical 
     assistance; and
       ``(B) a commitment to parental participation in the design 
     and implementation of family resource programs;
       ``(3) an assurance that the State has an interagency 
     process coordinated by the agency designated in paragraph (1) 
     for effective program development that--
       ``(A) does not duplicate existing processes for developing 
     collaborative efforts to better serve children and families;
       ``(B) provides a written plan for the establishment of a 
     network of family resource programs publicly available; and
       ``(C) involves appropriate personnel in the process, 
     including--
       ``(i) parents and prospective participants in family 
     resource programs, including respite care programs;
       ``(ii) staff of existing programs providing family resource 
     services, including staff of Head Start programs and 
     community action agencies that provide such services;
       ``(iii) representatives of State and local government such 
     as social service, health, mental health, education, 
     employment, economic development agencies, and organizations 
     providing community services activities;
       ``(iv) representatives of the business community;
       ``(v) representatives of general purpose local governments;
       ``(vi) representatives of groups with expertise in child 
     abuse prevention, including respite and crisis care;
       ``(vii) representatives of local communities in which 
     family resource programs are likely to be located; and
       ``(viii) other individuals with expertise in the services 
     that the family resource and support programs of the State 
     intend to offer;
       ``(4) a description of the current family resource programs 
     operating in the State, the current unmet need for the 
     services provided under such programs, including the need for 
     building increased capacity to provide specific family 
     resource services, including respite care, and the intended 
     scope of the State family resource program, the population to 
     be served, the manner in which the program will be operated, 
     and the manner in which such program will relate to other 
     community services and public agencies;
       ``(5) evidence that Federal assistance received under this 
     section--
       ``(A) has been supplemented with nonFederal public and 
     private assistance, including a description of the projected 
     level of financial commitment by the State to develop a 
     family resource program; and
       ``(B) will be used to supplement and not supplant other 
     State and local public funds expended for family resource 
     programs;
       ``(6) a description of the core services, as required by 
     this section, and other support services to be provided by 
     the program and the manner in which such services will be 
     provided, including the extent to which either family 
     resources, centers, home visiting, or community 
     collaboratives will be used;
       ``(7) a description of any public information activities 
     the agency designated in paragraph (1) will undertake for the 
     purpose of promoting family stability and preventing child 
     abuse and neglect, including child sexual abuse;
       ``(8) an assurance that the State will provide funds for 
     the initial startup costs associated with specific family 
     resource services, including respite services, and a 
     description of the services to be funded;
       ``(9) assurances that the State program will maintain 
     cultural diversity;
       ``(10) a description of the guidelines for requiring 
     parental involvement in State and local program development, 
     policy design, and governance and the process for assessing 
     and demonstrating that parental involvement in program 
     development, operation, and governance occurs;
       ``(11) a description of the State and community-based 
     interagency planning processes to be utilized to develop and 
     implement family resource programs;
       ``(12) a description of the criteria that the State will 
     utilize for awarding grants for local programs so that they 
     meet the requirements of subsection (g);
       ``(13) a plan for providing training, technical assistance, 
     and other assistance to local communities in program 
     development;
       ``(14) a description of the methods to be utilized to 
     evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the family 
     resource programs within the State;
       ``(15) a description of proposed actions by the State that 
     will reduce practical and regulatory barriers to the 
     provision of comprehensive services to families, including 
     family resource programs; and
       ``(16) an assurance that the State will provide the 
     Secretary with reports, at such time and containing such 
     information as the Secretary may require.
       ``(g) Local Program Requirements.--
       ``(1) In general.--A State that receives a grant under this 
     section shall use amounts received under such grant to 
     establish local family resource programs that--
       ``(A) undertake a community-based needs assessment and 
     program planning process which involves parents, and local 
     public and nonprofit agencies (including those responsible 
     for providing health, education, employment training, Head 
     Start and other early childhood, child welfare, and social 
     services);
       ``(B) develop a strategy to provide comprehensive services 
     to families to meet identified needs through collaboration, 
     including public-private partnerships;
       ``(C) identify appropriate community-based organizations to 
     administer such programs locally;
       ``(D) provide core services, and other services directly or 
     through contracts or agreements with other local agencies; 
     and
       ``(E) involve parents in the development, operation, and 
     governance of the program.
       ``(2) Priority.--In awarding local grants under this 
     section, a State shall give priority to programs serving low-
     income communities and programs serving young parents or 
     parents with young children and shall ensure that such grants 
     are equitably distributed among urban and rural areas.
       ``(h) Definitions.--As used in this section:
       ``(1) Community referral services.--The term `community 
     referral services' means services to assist families in 
     obtaining community resources, including respite services, 
     health and mental health services, employability development 
     and job training and other social services.
       ``(2) Family resource program.--The term `family resource 
     program' means a program that offers community-based services 
     that provide sustained assistance to families at various 
     stages in their development. Such services shall promote 
     parental competencies and behaviors that will lead to the 
     healthy and positive personal development of parents and 
     children through--
       ``(A) the provisions of assistance to build family skills 
     and assist parents in improving their capacities to be 
     supportive and nurturing parents;
       ``(B) the provision of assistance to families to enable 
     such families to use other formal and informal resources and 
     opportunities for assistance that are available within the 
     communities of such families; and
       ``(C) the creation of supportive networks to enhance the 
     childbearing capacity of parents and assist in compensating 
     for the increased social isolation and vulnerability of 
     families.
       ``(3) Family resource services.--The term `family resource 
     services' means--
       ``(A) core services that must be provided directly by the 
     family resource program under this section, including--
       ``(i) education and support services provided to assist 
     parents in acquiring parenting skills, learning about child 
     development, and responding appropriately to the behavior of 
     their children;
       ``(ii) early developmental screening of children to assess 
     the needs of such children and to identify the types of 
     support to be provided;
       ``(iii) outreach services;
       ``(iv) community referral services; and
       ``(v) follow-up services; and
       ``(B) other services, which may be provided either directly 
     or through referral, including--
       ``(i) early care and education (such as child care and Head 
     Start);
       ``(ii) respite care;
       ``(iii) job readiness and counseling services (including 
     skill training);
       ``(iv) education and literacy services;
       ``(v) nutritional education;
       ``(vi) life management skills training;
       ``(vii) peer counseling and crisis intervention, and family 
     violence counseling services;
       ``(viii) referral for health (including prenatal care) and 
     mental health services; and
       ``(ix) substance abuse treatment.
       ``(4) Interdisciplinary governance.--The term 
     `interdisciplinary governance' includes governance by 
     representatives from communities and representatives from 
     existing health, mental health, education, employment and 
     training, child welfare, and other agencies within the 
     State.''.
       ``(5) Respite services.--The term `respite services' means 
     short-term care services provided in the temporary absence of 
     the regular caregiver (parent, other relative, foster parent, 
     adoptive parent, guardian) to children who meet one or more 
     of the following categories:
       ``(A) The children are in danger of abuse or neglect.
       ``(B) The children have experienced abuse or neglect.
       ``(C) The children have disabilities, or chronic or 
     terminal illnesses.
     Services provided within or outside the child's home shall be 
     short-term care, ranging from a few hours to a few weeks of 
     time, per year, and be intended to enable the family to stay 
     together and to keep the child living in the child's home and 
     community.''.
       (b) Definition.--Section 926(7) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
     12332(7)) is amended by inserting ``, and other caretakers'' 
     after ``parents''.
       (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 934 of such 
     Act (42 U.S.C. 12340) is amended--
       (1) in paragraph (1) of subsection (a), to read as follows:
       ``(1) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
     section 931 such sums as may be necessary for each of the 
     fiscal years 1995 through 1998.''; and
       (2) in subsection (d), to read as follows:
       ``(h) Community-Based Family Resource Programs.--There are 
     authorized to be appropriated to carry out section 933, 
     $75,000,000 for fiscal year 1995, and such sums as may be 
     necessary for each of the fiscal years 1996 through 1998.''.
       (d) Repeal of Existing Programs.--
       (1) Community-based child abuse and neglect prevention 
     grants.--Title II of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment 
     Act (42 U.S.C. 5116 et seq.) is repealed.
       (2) Emergency child abuse prevention services grants.--Sec. 
     107A of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (42 
     U.S.C. 5106a-1) is repealed.
       (3) Temporary child care and crisis nurseries.--The 
     Temporary Child Care for Children with Disabilities and 
     Crisis Nurseries Act of 1986 (42 U.S.C. 5117 et seq.) is 
     repealed.

     SEC. 402. FEDERAL COUNCIL ON CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND FAMILIES.

       Section 918 of the Claude Pepper Young Americans Act of 
     1990 (42 U.S.C. 12314) is amended--
       (1) in subsection (k)--
       (A) in paragraph (3), by striking out ``and'' at the end 
     thereof;
       (B) in paragraph (4), by striking out the period and 
     inserting in lieu thereof a semicolon; and
       (C) by adding at the end thereof the following new 
     paragraphs:
       ``(6) identify program regulations, practices, and 
     eligibility requirements that impede coordination and 
     collaboration and make recommendations for their 
     modifications or elimination; and
       ``(7) develop recommendations for creating jointly funded 
     programs, unified assessments, eligibility, and application 
     procedures, and confidentiality protections that facilitate 
     information sharing.'';
       (2) in subsection (o), by striking ``1991 through 1994'' 
     and inserting ``1995 through 1998''; and
       (3) in subsection (p), by striking ``1995'' and inserting 
     ``1998''.

     SEC. 403. FAMILY RESOURCE ACT.

       (a) National Center.--Section 958(b)(3) of the Claude 
     Pepper Young Americans Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12353(b)(3)) is 
     amended by strike ``model''.
       (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 960 of the 
     Claude Pepper Young Americans Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12355) 
     is amended--
       (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``$2,300,000'' and all 
     that follows through the end thereof and inserting 
     ``$2,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1995 through 
     1998.''; and
       (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``$700,000'' and all 
     that follows through the end thereof and inserting 
     ``$1,000,000 for fiscal year 1995, and such sums as may be 
     necessary for each of the fiscal years 1996 through 1998.''.
  Mr. KENNEDY. Madam President, I move to reconsider the vote by which 
the bill was passed.
  Mr. DODD. I move to lay that motion on the table.
  The motion to lay on the table was agreed to.

                          ____________________