[Congressional Record Volume 140, Number 39 (Wednesday, April 13, 1994)]
[Extensions of Remarks]
[Page E]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]


[Congressional Record: April 13, 1994]
From the Congressional Record Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]

 
   TESTIMONY OF JOHN D. HOLUM, DIRECTOR OF THE U.S. ARMS CONTROL AND 
      DISARMAMENT AGENCY AND SECRETARY OF STATE WARREN CHRISTOPHER

                                 ______


                        HON. H. MARTIN LANCASTER

                           of north carolina

                    in the house of representatives

                        Wednesday, April 13, 1994

  Mr. LANCASTER. Mr. Speaker, I submit for insertion into the Record 
the testimony by the Honorable John D. Holum, Director of the U.S. Arms 
Control and Disarmament Agency and Secretary of State Warren 
Christopher before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations.

Testimony by John D. Holum, Director, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament 
        Agency on the Chemical Weapons Convention March 22, 1994


                              INTRODUCTION

       Mr. Chairman, at the outset, I would like to thank you for 
     scheduling this first ratification hearing on the Chemical 
     Weapons Convention. Today's hearing demonstrates strong 
     United States leadership in global arms control. Your efforts 
     will surely encourage other countries to proceed on the road 
     to ratification, permitting the Convention's entry into force 
     early next year.
       Stopping the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction 
     is at the very top of President Clinton's foreign policy 
     agenda. When I became director of ACDA, the President urged 
     me to spare no effort to halt the serious threat that these 
     weapons pose to our country and to world peace. The Chemical 
     Weapons Convention is a critical element of our 
     nonproliferation efforts. I appear before you today in 
     support of the President's pledge to the American people: 
     that his Administration will marshall all the necessary 
     resources and efforts to combat the scourge of chemical and 
     other weapons of mass destruction.


              cwc as a breakthrough: historical background

       The Chemical Weapons Convention is an extraordinary arms-
     control achievement. As you know, chemical weapons have long 
     been recognized as a profoundly inhumane and indiscriminate 
     method of warfare. As long ago as 1925, the Geneva Protocol 
     banned the use of chemical weapons in war. However, 
     reservations turned the Protocol into a no-first-use treaty. 
     The right to develop and maintain chemical arsenals remain 
     intact--meaning that states could keep them on hand for ready 
     use if they were so inclined.
       Recognizing the obvious limits of the 1925 Protocol, the 
     international community struggled, over a 25-year period, to 
     negotiate a comprehensive chemical weapons convention. These 
     negotiations have taken place in Geneva in the Conference on 
     Disarmament. When the negotiations at last concluded in 
     September 1992, the Conference had fashioned a treaty regime 
     with the most comprehensive ban ever devised against a single 
     type of weapon of mass destruction. The Bush Administration 
     joined 129 other nations in signing the Chemical Weapons 
     Convention on January 13, 1993, making it possible to close 
     the door against not only use of chemical weapons but 
     virtually every other activity associated with an offensive 
     chemical weapons program.
       The Arms Control and Disarmament Agency played the lead 
     role in negotiating the Chemical Weapons Convention, 
     championing it in the Conference on Disarmament's Ad Hoc 
     Committee in Geneva and providing leadership in Washington. 
     ACDA has also supplied leadership in the work of the 
     Chemical Weapons Convention's Preparatory Commission in 
     the Hague. Our Agency will continue its active role upon 
     entry into force of the Convention, as the executive 
     office of the U.S. National Authority which will oversee 
     implementation of the CWC.


                      the chemical weapons threat

       The members of the Committee are well aware of the dangers 
     posed by chemical weapons. During negotiations on the 
     Convention, we focused on the need to eliminate the Soviet 
     chemical threat to the U.S. and NATO. Now, the Soviet Union 
     is no more and the risk that Russia will use the chemical 
     weapons it inherited from the Soviet Union against the U.S. 
     and NATO has substantially diminished. But the worldwide 
     threat has grown and chemical weapon threats today are far 
     more diverse and geographically diffuse than in the past. We 
     need the Convention to address the Russian stockpile but 
     also, perhaps more importantly, as a critical tool to 
     eliminate other chemical weapons arsenals and prevent further 
     CW proliferation.
       Approximately 25 nations are now suspected of either 
     possessing chemical weapons or having the capability to 
     produce them. Among them are Iraq and Libya--countries not 
     know for their restraint. Chemical weapons have been termed 
     the ``poor man's nuclear bomb'' because they can be 
     manufactured from chemicals that, although they are in many 
     cases controlled, are nevertheless available for purchase. 
     And now, the dangers from chemical weapons are aggravated by 
     the production and potential proliferation of ballistic 
     missiles that can hurl a CW warhead hundreds of miles. 
     Moreover, unlike the nuclear threshold, the chemical weapons 
     threshold has proved all too easy to cross.
       In the twentieth century, nuclear weapons have been used 
     but once, when they were employed to end the Pacific War. 
     During this same time, however, nations repeatedly have 
     unleashed chemical weapons to achieve their military or 
     political goals. Our soldiers were gassed in World War I. 
     Chemical weapons were used in Ethiopia in the 1930s, in 
     Manchuria in the 1940s and in Yemen in the 1960s. During the 
     Iran/Iraq war, chemical attacks became commonplace. Saddam 
     Hussein dropped chemical bombs on the Kurds in order to 
     suppress their rebellion in 1989. As recently as the Persian 
     Gulf War, our troops faced a potential chemical weapons 
     threat from Iraq.
       It is important that three-quarters of the 25 countries 
     identified as having a chemical weapons potential have signed 
     the CWC. We want them to ratify it as well, and ultimately to 
     attain universal adherence.


                        key elements of the cwc

       Mr. Chairman, the CWC is both a disarmament and a 
     nonproliferation Treaty. It establishes an unprecedented 
     global norm against chemical weapons that, over time, will 
     help eliminate this serious threat to our country and to 
     world peace:
       As President Clinton has emphasized, the CWC bans an entire 
     class of weapons of mass destruction. It prohibits not only 
     any use of these heinous weapons, but also virtually every 
     other chemical-weapon related activity. This includes their 
     acquisition, development, production, stockpiling, retention, 
     and transfer by a party from the day the Convention enters 
     into force.
       It requires the total destruction of chemical weapons and 
     production facilities, except facilities the CWC 
     international organization explicitly permits to be converted 
     to peaceful purposes.
       It forbids any military preparations to use chemical 
     weapons.
       It is the first arms-control treaty with significant 
     implications for the private sector--and for this reason, the 
     chemical industry has been closely consulted and involved at 
     every stage of negotiations.
       It is the first arms-control treaty that penalizes 
     countries that do not join.
       Let me amplify on some of these elements of the Treaty:


                              verification

       The Convention contains an unprecedented verification 
     regime, coupled with provisions for dealing with parties that 
     do not comply with their obligations. The CWC is the first 
     multilateral treaty to require intrusive, short-notice 
     challenge inspections of declared and undeclared sites.
       Through required declarations and routine inspections, 
     information will be obtained about other countries' chemical 
     weapons capabilities and destruction activities. If, as a 
     result of this information or other information obtained by 
     national intelligence means, we suspect another country of 
     illicit chemical weapons activities, we can initiate on-site 
     challenge inspections under the treaty.
       While no treaty is one hundred percent verifiable, the CWC 
     will increase the risk of detection and therefore help deter 
     illicit chemical weapons activities. Its declaration and 
     inspection provisions will put us in a better position than 
     we are now to identify and detect clandestine CW efforts. In 
     the largest sense, we are building a web of deterrence, 
     detection and possible sanctions that reduces the incentives 
     for states to build chemical weapons.
       The Convention also requires other countries to destroy 
     their chemical weapon stocks in a safe and environmentally-
     sound manner. We will be able to satisfy ourselves, during 
     the destruction process, that other countries have met their 
     environmental and safety obligations.


          protection of sensitive and confidential information

       The CWC's verification regime strikes a reasonable balance 
     between the need to verify compliance, on the one hand, and 
     the need to protect sensitive government information and 
     proprietary information, not related to chemical weapons. In 
     particular, the Convention's provisions for challenge 
     inspections allow parties to protect such information by 
     managing access to sensitive or private facilities.
       All inspections to verify compliance with the CWC will be 
     carried out fully in accordance with the U.S. Constitution. 
     The implementing legislation for the Convention will ensure 
     that activities will be conducted without infringing upon 
     constitutional protections.


                            treaty sanctions

       If a country does not meet its CWC obligations, it could 
     face serious penalties. Violating the Convention will carry 
     with it a demonstrable political price. In cases of serious 
     violations, the CWC organization can recommend the imposition 
     of collective sanctions on a country engaging in illicit 
     chemical weapons activities. In cases of particular gravity, 
     it must bring the matter to the attention of the U.N. General 
     Assembly and Security Council. Finally, individuals and 
     corporations are also subject to the prohibitions of the 
     Convention and can be prosecuted in national courts.


          concern about states that do not join the convention

       Mr. Chairman, let me anticipate a question: why should we 
     ratify the CWC and give up our chemical weapons when we 
     cannot be sure that states we are most concerned about will 
     also join? The answer to that question has three parts. 
     First, we have already decided to eliminate a large part of 
     our chemical arsenal. Congress has directed the Defense 
     Department to destroy our unitary chemical weapons stockpile 
     and make plans to destroy all other chemical weapons material 
     that is banned by the CWC. As we unilaterally dismantle our 
     own chemical weapons, it makes sense to seek the destruction 
     of other countries' chemical weapons as well. The Convention 
     imposes binding obligations on all parties to do what the 
     United States has already begun to do. So the Convention has 
     great value even if a few radical states do not join at the 
     outset.
       Second, we are convinced that the answer to the use of 
     chemical weapons must not be retaliation in kind, but rather 
     a full range of defensive measures--such as filtering systems 
     for tanks and lightweight anti-chemical weapons gear--coupled 
     with a strong deterrent. The Persian Gulf War provided a 
     convincing, real life demonstration that the U.S. military is 
     highly capable of deterring or responding to a chemical 
     weapons threat with superior conventional military force and 
     strategy.
       The U.S. Government has long recognized that we do have a 
     need to maintain our defensive chemical weapons programs as 
     well as a need to give assistance to countries that are 
     threatened or attacked with chemical weapons. The CWC 
     explicitly allows both these measures. Many countries view 
     these provisions as a significant incentive to join the 
     Convention. I can assure you that the U.S. has developed and 
     will continue to develop defensive, protective measures that 
     fully protect our military forces against all chemical weapon 
     threats.
       The third part of my answer to the question of why we 
     should ratify the CWC, even if certain states do not join, in 
     this: by establishing a global norm against chemical weapons, 
     the Convention will give the U.S. and world community a more 
     effective means of pressuring radical governments to abandon 
     their CW capabilities. The CWC also contains specific 
     provisions for penalizing countries that do not join. States 
     remaining outside the Convention will be denied access to 
     State Party trade in specified chemicals that are important 
     not only to CW production but also to industrial development 
     and growth. These states will soon be viewed as pariahs and 
     subjected to international pressure to abide by the 
     Convention's global norm banning CW. Over time, we would hope 
     that states will realize the high political and economic 
     costs of remaining an outlaw and seek to become members.


                         the u.s. demil program

       Our own obligations under the Convention can be met safely 
     and on time. The dangers of leakage and contamination from 
     storing highly-toxic chemical weapons outweigh any potential 
     risk from destroying our CW stocks. The National Research 
     Council rendered this judgment last month when it reported on 
     the Army's Baseline program to destroy our chemical weapons 
     in high-temperature incinerators. The NRC said: ``The 
     baseline system has been demonstrated as a safe and effective 
     disposal process for the stockpile. . . . Delays in disposal 
     operation can only increase the already cumulative risk of 
     accidental release from storage . . . and they can add to the 
     risks of disposal as agents and munitions continue to 
     deteriorate. . . . The Committee believes that the disposal 
     program should proceed expeditiously.''
       Clearly, the Baseline program will eliminate a serious risk 
     to the health of our people and the quality of our 
     environment. Investing in near-term destruction of chemical 
     weapons through the Baseline program therefore makes good 
     environmental policy as well as arms control sense.


         BIPARTISAN SUPPORT AND SUPPORT FROM KEY CONSTITUENCIES

       I would like to emphasize, Mr. Chairman, that this 
     ratification effort is a strong example of bipartisanship and 
     continuity. It was President Bush's deep personal commitment 
     to the cause of banning chemical weapons that led the United 
     States finally to conclude this treaty, which the U.S. signed 
     seven days before he left office. President Clinton has made 
     the Convention a foreign policy priority of his 
     Administration as well, stressing it in his address to the 
     United Nations last September and in his State of the Union 
     Address in January.
       The Convention also enjoys strong support from affected 
     constituencies. The final text of the Convention reflected 
     the views of the U.S. military, the intelligence community, 
     the chemical industry and the Congress--all of which have a 
     compelling interest in the treaty and especially its 
     verification provisions. Prior to signing the CWC, the U.S. 
     Government conducted a thorough interagency review of the 
     entire treaty, and decided that the balances it struck 
     adequately protect U.S. interests. The Chemical Manufacturers 
     Association has fully endorsed the Convention on behalf of 
     its members and other trade associations have expressed their 
     support. During the ratification hearings, you will be 
     hearing from numerous witnesses from the U.S. Government and 
     industry who strongly support the Convention.


                               CONCLUSION

       I would like to conclude my testimony today where I began--
     with the threat to our nation's security and to world peace 
     from chemical weapons. Mr. Chairman, by joining other 
     countries to ban chemical weapons, we have directly 
     confronted a major threat of the post-Cold War period. The 
     convention will go a long way to preventing radical states 
     from acquiring and using chemical weapons against innocent 
     people.
       The Convention will delegitimize chemical weapons by 
     establishing a global norm prohibiting their development, 
     production, acquisition, stockpiling, retention, transfer and 
     use.
       It will help inhibit the spread of chemical weapons by 
     prohibiting parties from assisting others in acquiring them.
       It will help stop the future use of chemical weapons by 
     providing for the possibility of sanctions against users and 
     providing for assistance to victims.
       It will establish a basis in international law for 
     dealing with CW programs that threaten global and regional 
     security.
       Finally, the CWC will deter the many countries that are 
     capable of producing chemcial weapons from proceeding down 
     this dangerous path.
       I urge the Senate to fully consider the Chemical Weapons 
     Convention and swiftly give its advice and consent to 
     ratification. Other nations now look to the Senate for a firm 
     sign of America's commitment to the Convention and to its 
     earliest entry into force. Prompt Senate action will send an 
     unmistakable message to other countries, friends and even 
     adversaries, that the United States means business. You will 
     demonstrate conclusively that the U.S. stands four-square 
     behind this new global regime that demolishes, once and for 
     all, the claimed legitimacy of chemical weapons and halts 
     their further proliferation. U.S. leadership in this matter 
     will enhance the effectiveness of our other arms-control 
     efforts--including a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and 
     indefinite extension of the Nonproliferation Treaty.
       In sum, early ratification of the CWC will underscore, U.S. 
     leadership, establish a vital arms control precedent, and 
     help secure a safer world for us all. I thank you for your 
     attention and I urge you to meet the President's challenge of 
     early advice and consent so that the Convention can enter 
     into force at the earliest possible date--January 1995.

   Statement by Secretary of State Warren Christopher, March 22, 1994

       Mr. Chairman: I am here today to express strong support for 
     the Chemical Weapons Convention and to seek the Senate's 
     expeditious advice and consent to its ratification. As you 
     know, non-proliferation is a strategic priority of our 
     foreign policy and the most urgent arms control issue of the 
     1990s.
       Before I discuss the Chemical Weapons Convention, let me 
     say a few words about a non-proliferation issue that has 
     certainly been on all of our minds these last few weeks: the 
     international effort to halt North Korea's nuclear program. I 
     think it might be quite surprising if I appeared today 
     without referring to this issue.
       Over the last year, since North Korea announced its 
     intention to withdraw from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation 
     Treaty (NPT), we have pursued a steady, deliberate policy. 
     Our objective has been to bring North Korea back into full 
     compliance with its NPT obligations and to restart talks with 
     the Republic of Korea aimed at a denuclearized Korean 
     peninsula.
       As you know, our diplomatic efforts have reached an 
     impasse. The North Koreans did not permit the International 
     Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to conduct essential activities 
     during its recent inspection. As a result, the Agency is 
     unable to certify that the North is not diverting or 
     producing nuclear material for non-peaceful purposes. 
     Yesterday, the Agency's Board of Governors passed a 
     resolution referring this matter to the UN Security Council. 
     The North also has broken off negotiations with the South on 
     exchanging envoys to discuss the nuclear issue.
       We will now turn to the Security Council, where 
     deliberations have already begun. We expect that the Council 
     will soon consider a resolution calling on the North to 
     complete the inspections. If there is no change in the 
     North's attitude, sanctions will be an option. The United 
     States will seek the broadest possible international support 
     to persuade North Korea to comply with its international non-
     proliferation obligations.
       Our diplomacy has reached a critical point. We have made it 
     clear to North Korea that it must become a responsible member 
     of the international community or that community will have no 
     choice but to pursue progressively stronger measures.
       Our commitment to South Korea's security remains firm. We 
     are prepared to take all steps necessary to ensure that the 
     North does not misread our determination to deter aggression. 
     The United States and South Korea offered to suspend the Team 
     Spirit '94 military exercise on the premise that North Korea 
     would full implement the IAEA inspection and exchange envoys 
     with the South to discuss the nuclear issue. Because these 
     steps have not taken place, we are consulting with South 
     Korea on rescheduling Team Spirit '94.
       The United States and South Korea have agreed to deploy 
     Patriot missiles to South Korea immediately. The deployment 
     is a prudent and defensive response to the threat posed by 
     North Korea's ballistic missles.
       Mr. Chairman, this is a difficult situation. It remains a 
     critical issue in our foreign policy and we will continue on 
     a steady and resolute path to resolve it.
       Let me how turn to our discussion of the Chemical Weapons 
     Convention. Ratification of the Convention is a top 
     legislative priority for this Administration.
       President Clinton has described the Convention as one of 
     the most ambitious treaties in the history of arms control, 
     one that bans an entire class of weapons of mass destruction. 
     It will significantly enhance our national security and 
     contribute greatly to global security.
       In his speech to the U.N. General Assembly last September, 
     the President called on all countries to ratify the 
     Convention quickly so it can enter into force at the earliest 
     possible time, January 13, 1995. To meet this goal, the 
     United States and others must complete their ratification 
     procedures in time to deposit their instruments with the UN 
     Secretary-General by July 17.
       This hearing marks a historic and critical step toward 
     bringing the Chemical Weapons Convention into force. For more 
     than 25 years, during Republican and Democratic 
     administrations, the United States has participated in 
     international negotiations on the Chemical Weapons 
     Convention. The Convention would help fulfill a U.S. 
     objective of even longer standing--the global elimination of 
     chemical weapons.
       Much has been done in the last two years to achieve this 
     goal. The Bush Administration helped conclude negotiations in 
     Geneva; the UN endorsed the Convention; the Convention was 
     opened for signature in Paris; the Convention was signed by 
     Secretary Eagleburger on behalf of the United States and, to 
     date, by more than 150 other countries; and President Clinton 
     submitted the Convention to the Senate on November 23, 1993.
       Other nations are awaiting U.S. action. They are looking to 
     us to exert the leadership that is necessary to bring this 
     treaty into force. Every move we make on the Convention sends 
     an important message around the world. For that reason, 
     Senate action is now vital.
       The Chemical Weapons Convention is both a disarmament and a 
     non-proliferation treaty. It addresses the demand for, and 
     the supply of, chemical weapons. It requires parties to 
     destroy their chemical weapons and production facilities and 
     to open their chemical industries to international 
     inspection. It prohibits them from transferring chemical 
     weapons to others or assisting any other nation in any 
     activity prohibited under the Convention. States that are 
     party to the Convention also must ban trade in specified 
     chemicals with countries that decline to join the 
     Convention. Finally, in the event chemical weapons are 
     used or threatened to be used against parties, the 
     Convention contains procedures for assistance to those 
     endangered or threatened.
       The Convention promises to eliminate a scourge that has 
     hung over the world for almost 80 years. Unfortunately, the 
     threat chemical weapons pose to innocent civilians is not 
     merely theoretical. Chemical weapons have been used in the 
     First World War, in local conflicts ranging from Ethiopia in 
     1935 to the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s, and by Iraq against 
     its citizens.
       The United States originally pursued the Convention during 
     the Cold War to eliminate massive Soviet stockpiles. Now, 
     with the support of Congress, we are helping Russia destroy 
     its chemical weapons. The United States already is legally 
     required to eliminate the majority of our stockpile, 
     irrespective of the Convention, and we are doing so. U.S. 
     ratification will encourage Russia to ratify as well, and to 
     destroy the huge stocks it inherited from the former USSR.
       The Convention is even more important in addressing the 
     threat posed by chemical weapons in regions such as the 
     Middle East and South Asia. The Convention can play a vital 
     role in stabilizing the post-Cold War world, a world in which 
     dangerous low-intensity conflicts can be made even more 
     lethal by chemical weapons. The Convention's destruction and 
     verification provisions can build confidence among potential 
     rivals that they need not fear a chemical arms race.
       The Convention's export-control requirements and its 
     prohibitions on assistance to chemical weapons programs in 
     other countries will support our global strategy of curbing 
     the spread of weapons of mass destruction. They also will 
     complement the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and the 
     Biological Weapons Convention.
       Most important, the Convention will help protect our allies 
     and friends from chemical attack, as well as our troops 
     deployed abroad. American leadership is essential to persuade 
     other countries to ratify the Convention. We cannot lead if 
     we have not ratified the Convention. I urge the Senate to 
     heed the President's call and to provide your expeditious 
     advice and consent to ratification. With your help, we can 
     continue long-standing, bipartisan efforts to achieve a 
     global ban on these terrible weapons.
       Mr. Chairman, I would like to now turn the floor over to 
     the Director of ACDA, John Holum, an old friend and 
     colleague. We are working closely together to execute our 
     arms control and non-proliferation policy, and John will 
     continue to spearhead our efforts to achieve the earliest 
     possible entry into force of the Convention.
  


                       SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS

  Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, agreed to by the Senate on February 
4, 1977, calls for establishment of a system for a computerized 
schedule of all meetings and hearings of Senate committees, 
subcommittees, joint committees, and committees of conference. This 
title requires all such committees to notify the Office of the Senate 
Daily Digest--designated by the Rules Committee--of the time, place, 
and purpose of the meetings, when scheduled, and any cancellations or 
changes in the meetings as they occur.
  As an additional procedure along with the computerization of this 
information, the Office of the Senate Daily Digest will prepare this 
information for printing in the Extensions of Remarks section of the 
Congressional Record on Monday and Wednesday of each week.
  Meetings scheduled for Thursday, April 14, 1994, may be found in the 
Daily Digest of today's Record.

                           MEETINGS SCHEDULED

                                APRIL 18
     2:00 p.m.
       Appropriations
       Agriculture, Rural Development, and Related Agencies 
           Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for Small Community and Rural Development, 
           Science and Education, Agricultural Research Service, 
           Cooperative State Research Service, Extension Service, 
           and Alternative Agricultural Research and 
           Commercialization, all of the Department of 
           Agriculture.
                                                            SD-138
       Armed Services
       Coalition Defense and Reinforcing Forces Subcommittee
       Military Readiness and Infrastructure Subcommittee
         To hold joint hearings to review the implementation in 
           the Department of Defense of the lessons learned from 
           the Persian Gulf conflict.
                                                           SR-232A

                                APRIL 19
     9:30 a.m.
       Energy and Natural Resources
         To hold hearings to examine the recent failure of a 
           natural gas pipeline in New Jersey and current policies 
           regarding pipeline rights of way in congested urban 
           areas.
                                                            SD-366
       Governmental Affairs
         To resume hearings to examine the impact of unfunded 
           Federal mandates on how State and local governments 
           provide programs, services, and activities, and on 
           related measures including S. 563, S. 648, S. 993, and 
           S. 1604.
                                                            SD-342
       Rules and Administration
         To resume hearings on S. 1824, to improve the operations 
           of the legislative branch of the Federal Branch, 
           focusing on Subtitle A, Parts I and II of Title III, 
           relating to Congressional biennial budgeting and 
           additional budget process changes.
                                                            SR-301
     10:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       Defense Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Department of Defense, focusing on 
           manpower and personnel issues.
                                                            SD-192
       Armed Services
       Regional Defense and Contingency Forces Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed legislation authorizing 
           funds for fiscal year 1994 for the Department of 
           Defense, and the future years defense program, focusing 
           on C-17 settlement and strategic mobility issues.
                                                            SR-222
       Judiciary
       Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks Subcommittee
         To hold hearings to examine patent issues in Federally 
           funded research, focusing on the implementation of the 
           Government Patent Policy Act (P.L. 96-517).
                                                            SD-226
     2:30 p.m.
       Appropriations
       Foreign Operations Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for foreign assistance programs.
                                                            SD-138
       Armed Services
       Nuclear Deterrence, Arms Control, and Defense Intelligence 
           Subcommittee
         To resume hearings on proposed legislation authorizing 
           funds for fiscal year 1995 for the Department of 
           Defense, and the future years defense program, focusing 
           on the Department of Energy's environmental restoration 
           and waste management programs.
                                                            SR-222
       Veterans' Affairs
         To hold hearings to examine proposals to finance veterans 
           health care reform.
                                                            SR-418

                                APRIL 20
     9:30 a.m.
       Armed Services
         To resume hearings on proposed legislation authorizing 
           funds for fiscal year 1995 for the Department of 
           Defense, and to review the future years defense 
           program, focusing on the unified commands military 
           strategy and operational requirements.
                                                            SR-222
       Energy and Natural Resources
         To hold hearings to review the Department of the 
           Interior's proposed rule to amend the Department's 
           regulations concerning livestock grazing, and on S. 
           1326, to establish a forage fee formula on lands under 
           the jurisdiction of the Department of Agriculture and 
           the Department of the Interior, and S. 896, to revise 
           the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 to 
           promote ecologically healthy and biologically diverse 
           ecosystems on rangelands used for domestic livestock 
           grazing.
                                                            SD-366
       Indian Affairs
         To hold oversight hearings on the regulation of Indian 
           gaming.
                                                            SR-485
     10:00 a.m.
       Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
         To hold hearings on issues relating to the General 
           Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
                                                            SD-562
       Appropriations
       Treasury, Postal Service, General Government Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Department of the Treasury, and the 
           United States Postal Service.
                                                            SD-116
       Judiciary
       Courts and Administrative Practice Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on S. 1404, to revise chapter 111 of 
           title 28, United States Code, relating to protective 
           orders, sealing cases, and disclosures of discovery 
           information in civil actions.
                                                            SD-226

                                APRIL 21
     10:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       Defense Subcommittee
         To hold closed hearings on proposed budget estimates for 
           fiscal year 1995 for the Department of Defense, 
           focusing on intelligence programs.
                                                    S-407, Capitol
       Appropriations
       VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Department of Housing and Urban 
           Development.
                                                            SD-106
       Appropriations
       Interior Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the United States Fish and Wildlife 
           Service, Department of the Interior.
                                                    S-128, Capitol
       Appropriations
       Commerce, Justice, State, and Judiciary Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Securities and Exchange Commission, 
           and the Federal Communications Commission.
                                                    S-146, Capitol
       Commerce, Science, and Transportation
         To hold hearings on the nominations of Ricardo Martinez, 
           of Louisiana, to be Administrator, National Highway 
           Traffic Safety Administration, Department of 
           Transportation, and Carrye Burley Brown, of the 
           District of Columbia, to be Administrator, United 
           States Fire Administration, Federal Emergency 
           Management Agency.
                                                            SR-253
     2:00 p.m.
       Appropriations
       Transportation Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Federal Aviation Administration, 
           Department of Transportation.
                                                            SD-138
     2:30 p.m.
       Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
       Agricultural Research, Conservation, Forestry and General 
           Legislation Subcommittee
         To hold hearings to review new management directives for 
           the U.S. Forest Service.
                                                            SD-628
       Energy and Natural Resources
       Public Lands, National Parks and Forests Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on S. 1509, to transfer a parcel of land 
           to the Taos Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, S. 1987, the 
           Santa Fe National Forest Boundary Adjustment Act, S. 
           1975 and H.R. 2971, bills to establish a grant program 
           to restore and preserve historic buildings at 
           historically black colleges and universities, S. 1980, 
           the Cane River Creole National Historical Park and 
           National Heritage Area Act, and S. 1919, the Rio Puerco 
           Wateshed Act.
                                                            SD-366

                                APRIL 22
     9:30 a.m.
       Appropriations
       Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education 
           Subcommittee
         To hold hearings to examine waste, fraud, and abuse in 
           the health care industry.
                                                            SD-192
       Armed Services
       Defense Technology, Acquisition, and Industrial Base 
           Subcommittee
         To resume hearings on proposed legislation authorizing 
           funds for fiscal year 1995 for the Department of 
           Defense, and the future years defense program, focusing 
           on research, development, test and evaluation 
           infrastructure.
                                                            SR-222

                                APRIL 25
     10:00 a.m.
       Commerce, Science, and Transportation
         To hold hearings on S. 1945, to authorize funds for 
           fiscal year 1995 for certain maritime programs of the 
           Department of Transportation.
                                                            SR-253
     2:00 p.m.
       Appropriations
       Agriculture, Rural Development, and Related Agencies 
           Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for International Affairs and Commodity 
           Programs, Natural Resources and Environment, 
           Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, 
           Foreign Agriculture Service, Soil Conservation Service, 
           and Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, all of the 
           Department of Agriculture.
                                                            SD-138

                                APRIL 26
     9:30 a.m.
       Armed Services
       Nuclear Deterrence, Arms Control, and Defense Intelligence 
           Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed legislation authorizing 
           funds for fiscal year 1995 for the Department of 
           Defense, and the future years defense program, focusing 
           on the chemical demilitarization program.
                                                            SR-222
     10:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       Defense Subcommittee
         To hold closed hearings on proposed budget estimates for 
           fiscal year 1995 for the Department of Defense, 
           focusing on National Foreign Intelligence Programs 
           (NFIP) and Tactical Intelligence and Related Activities 
           (TIARA).
                                                    S-407, Capitol
       Appropriations
       Commerce, Justice, State, and Judiciary Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Office of Justice Programs, and the 
           Immigration and Naturalization Service, both of the 
           Department of Justice.
                                                    S-146, Capitol
     2:30 p.m.
       Armed Services
         Business meeting, to mark up S. 1587, to revise and 
           streamline the acquisition laws of the Federal 
           Government.
                                                            SR-222

                                APRIL 27
     9:30 a.m.
       Commerce, Science, and Transportation
         To resume hearings on S. 1350, to provide for an expanded 
           Federal program of hazards mitigation and insurance 
           against the risk of catastrophic natural disasters, 
           such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and volcanic 
           eruptions.
                                                            SR-253
     10:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       Transportation Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Federal Transit Administration, 
           Department of Transportation, and the Washington Metro 
           Transit Authority.
                                                            SD-138

                                APRIL 28
     9:30 a.m.
       Rules and Administration
         To resume hearings on S. 1824, to improve the operations 
           of the legislative branch of the Federal Branch, 
           focusing on Subtitle A, Parts I and II of Title III, 
           relating to Congressional biennial budgeting and 
           additional budget process changes.
                                                            SR-301
     10:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Environmental Protection Agency, and 
           the Council on Environmental Quality.
                                                            SD-106
       Appropriations
       Commerce, Justice, State, and Judiciary Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the United States Information Agency.
                                                    S-146, Capitol
     2:30 p.m.
       Appropriations
       Interior Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department 
           of the Interior.
                                                            SD-116

                                 MAY 3
     9:30 a.m.
       Energy and Natural Resources
         To hold hearings on Boron-Neutron Cancer Therapy.
                                                            SD-366
     10:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       Agriculture, Rural Development, and Related Agencies 
           Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for Food and Consumer Services, Food and 
           Nutrition Service, and Human Nutrition Information 
           Service, all of the Department of Agriculture.
                                                            SD-138
       Appropriations
       Defense Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Department of Defense, focusing on 
           defense conversion programs.
                                                            SD-192
     2:30 p.m.
       Energy and Natural Resources
       Water and Power Subcommittee
         To hold hearings to review the implementation of the 
           Central Valley Project Improvement Act (Title 34 of 
           P.L. 102-575) and the coordination of the program with 
           other Federal protection and restoration efforts in the 
           San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.
                                                            SD-366

                                 MAY 5
     9:30 a.m.
       Rules and Administration
         To resume hearings on S. 1824, to improve the operations 
           of the legislative branch of the Federal Branch, 
           focusing on Title III, Subtitle B (Staffing, 
           Administration, and Support Agencies), and Subtitle C 
           (Abolishing the Joint Committees).
                                                            SR-301
     10:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       Commerce, Justice, State, and Judiciary Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Legal Services Corporation.
                                                    S-146, Capitol
       Appropriations
       Transportation Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the National Transportation Safety Board, 
           and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 
           Department of Transportation.
                                                            SD-138

                                 MAY 10
     10:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       Agriculture, Rural Development, and Related Agencies 
           Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, 
           the Farm Credit Administration, and the Food and Drug 
           Administration, Department of Health and Human 
           Services.
                                                            SD-138

                                 MAY 11
     10:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       Interior Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the National Park Service, Department of 
           the Interior.
                                                    S-128, Capitol

                                 MAY 12
     9:30 a.m.
       Rules and Administration
         To hold hearings on proposed legislation authorizing 
           funds for fiscal year 1995 for the Federal Election 
           Commission.
                                                            SR-301
     10:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Corporation for National and 
           Community Service.
                                                            SD-106

                                 MAY 17
     10:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       Defense Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Department of Defense, focusing on 
           the Pacific Rim, NATO, and peacekeeping programs.
                                                            SD-192

                                 MAY 19
     10:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       Defense Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Department of Defense.
                                                            SD-192
       Appropriations
       VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Department of Veteran's Affairs, and 
           the Selective Service System.
                                                            SD-106

                                 MAY 20
     9:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Departments of Veteran's Affairs and 
           Housing and Urban Development, and independent 
           agencies.
                                                            SD-138

                                 MAY 25
     10:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       Interior Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Department of the Interior.
                                                    S-128, Capitol

                                 MAY 26
     10:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Subcommittee
         To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the National Aeronautics and Space 
           Administration.
                                                            SD-106

                                 JUNE 8
     10:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       Interior Subcommittee
         To hold hearings proposed budget estimates for fiscal 
           year 1995 for the Department of Energy.
                                                    S-128, Capitol

                                JULY 19
     10:00 a.m.
       Appropriations
       Defense Subcommittee
         Business meeting, to mark up proposed legislation 
           authorizing funds for fiscal year 1995 for the 
           Department of Defense.
                                                            SD-192

                             CANCELLATIONS

                                APRIL 14
     9:30 a.m.
       Governmental Affairs
         To hold hearings to examine Environmental Protection 
           Agency financial and contract management activities.
                                                            SD-342

                             POSTPONEMENTS

                                APRIL 14
     10:00 a.m.
       Foreign Relations
         To hold hearings on the nomination of Melvyn Levitsky, of 
           Maryland, to be Ambassador to the Federative Republic 
           of Brazil.
                                                            SD-419