[Congressional Record Volume 140, Number 7 (Wednesday, February 2, 1994)]
[Senate]
[Page S]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[Congressional Record: February 2, 1994]
From the Congressional Record Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS
By Mr. ROBB:
S. 1817. A bill to amend subchapter II of chapter 73 of title X,
United States Code, to prevent cost-of-living increases in the survivor
annuity contributions of uniformed services retirees from becoming
effective before related cost-of-living increases in retired pay become
payable; to the Committee on Armed Services.
SURVIVOR BENEFITS PROGRAM AMENDMENT ACT OF 1994
Mr. ROBB. Madam President, I introduce legislation to correct
an inequity in the contributions military retirees make to the Survivor
Benefits Program. Last year when we passed the Omnibus Budget
Reconciliation Act, COLA's for military retirees were delayed until
April 1994. While I was not pleased with that decision, I voted for the
legislation because I'm firmly committed to reducing our budget
deficit. The bill did just that by almost $500 billion over 5 years.
Contributions to the Survivor Benefits Program are based upon the
military retiree's base pay. However, the Department of Defense has
announced that it intends to increase contributions to the Survivor
Benefits Program effective this past December because the legislation
did not delay survivor benefit COLA's. While it is accurate that
survivors COLA's were not delayed, military retiree COLA's were, and
therefore the retiree's base pay has not yet been increased.
I believe that it is patently unfair to attempt to raise
contributions to the Survivor Benefit Program when the base pay has not
been augmented by the COLA. I know that when I considered the issue of
military retiree COLA's, I expected that contributions to the Survivor
Benefits Program would not increase until the retiree's base pay
increased as well.
This seems like a clear case of the Department of Defense not
interpreting the law as Congress intended, and the bill I'm introducing
here today will correct that. This legislation explicitly ties
contributions to the Survivor Benefits Program to the retiree's base
pay, no matter when the effective date of the retiree's COLA may be.
Madam President, I believe that we must take this corrective action
in the name of equity for our military retirees. When they opted to
enroll in this program to ensure the economic security of their
survivors, they were told that their contribution would be a certain
percentage of their base pay. We shouldn't allow this commitment to be
changed on them now, and I encourage the speedy consideration and
enactment of this legislation for the benefit of our military retirees
who are being charged for increased survivor benefits even as we speak.
Madam President, I thank the Chair. I thank the majority leader and
the Republican leader, and ask unanimous consent that the text of my
bill be printed in the Record.
There being no objection, the bill was ordered to be printed in the
Record, as follows:
S. 1817
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. COST-OF-LIVING INCREASES IN SBP CONTRIBUTIONS TO
BE EFFECTIVE CONCURRENTLY WITH PAYMENT OF
RELATED RETIRED PAY COST-OF-LIVING INCREASES.
(a) Survivor Benefit Plan.--Section 1452(h) of title 10,
United States Code, is amended--
(1) by inserting ``(1)'' after ``(h)''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
``(2)(A) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), when the initial
payment of an increase in retired pay under section 1401a of
this title (or any other provision of law) to a person is
later than the effective date of that increase by reason of
the application of subsection (b)(2)(B) of such section, then
the amount of the reduction in the person's retired pay shall
be effective on the date of that initial payment of the
increase in retired pay rather than the effective date of the
increase in retired pay.
``(B) Subparagraph (A) may not be construed as delaying,
for purposes of determining the amount of a monthly annuity
under section 1451 of this title, the effective date of an
increase in a base amount under subsection (h) of such
section from the effective date of an increase in retired pay
under section 1401a of this title to the date on which the
initial payment of that increase in retired pay is made in
accordance with subsection (b)(2)(B) of such section
1401a.''.
(b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a)
shall take effect with respect to retired pay payable for
months beginning on or after the date of the enactment of
this Act.
______
By Mr. METZENBAUM (for himself and Mr. Glenn):
S. 1818. A bill to establish the Ohio and Erie Canal National
Heritage Corridor in the State of Ohio as an affiliated area of the
National Park System, and for other purposes; to the Committee on
Energy and Natural Resources.
the ohio and erie canal national heritage corridor act of 1993
Mr. METZENBAUM. Mr. President, on behalf of myself and Senator
Glenn, I introduce the Ohio and Erie Canal National Heritage Corridor
Act of 1993.
The purpose of this bill is to designate an 87-mile section of the
Ohio and Erie Canal as the Nation's fourth national heritage corridor.
National heritage corridors preserve the distinctive natural, cultural,
and historical significance of a specific region and are worthy of
national recognition.
Mr. President, I strongly believe that the Ohio and Erie Canal
corridor is worthy of such recognition.
Northeast Ohio has long been recognized for its valued natural
resources. As pioneers settled the region during the 1700's, they found
abundant resources for building new lives. But geography cut them off
from the rest of the country. The region was isolated from markets to
the south and east. It became obvious that a reliable transportation
system was needed to link Ohio's pioneers to these markets.
A canal was built along the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas River valleys in
northeast Ohio. When it was completed in 1832, the canal spanned 308
miles and became the Nation's great link between Lake Erie with the
Gulf of Mexico.
The economic impact of this canal was immediate and dramatic. In just
20 years Ohio moved from near bankruptcy to economic prosperity. It
became the third most prosperous State in the Nation, largely as a
result of commerce opened up by the canal. It was during this era that
Cleveland became a major lake port, handling the Great Lakes' greatest
amount of commerce. The emergence of Akron as a grain milling center
was also a direct result of the canal. Economic prosperity expanded
beyond the larger cities and encompassed all the smaller communities of
the region as well. With expanded commerce canal increased population:
Many newcomers to the region were immigrants from around the world.
This created the religious and ethnic diversity for which northern Ohio
remains famous to this day.
During the Civil War, the canal became a route to freedom for slaves
fleeing the South. Ohio's Underground Railroad made frequent use of the
canal, while also acting as a supply route for Union soldiers.
With the emergence of railroads as the dominant means of commerce,
the Ohio and Erie Canal fell into disuse after the Civil War. However,
the region had already established itself as a manufacturing center,
and industrial growth continued for the remainder of the 19th century.
Cleveland's prosperity gave birth to many notable businesses such as
the Sherwin-Williams Paint Co. and John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil.
In Akron, B.F. Goodrich opened the first rubber factory and was
followed by Firestone, Goodyear, and others.
Smaller communities also contributed to the regions prosperity.
Diamond Match Co. of Barberton and Dow Chemical of Navarre have grown
to become nationally prominent industries. Canton witnessed the birth
and career of William McKinley as Governor, and later as the 25th
President of the United States.
Growth outside the major cities was also hastened by the advent of
the automobile. Development of the countryside made it easier to
continue to work in the city. It also allowed for population expansion
outward.
Mr. President the impact of the Ohio & Erie Canal corridor on
northeast Ohio was, to say the least, extraordinary. In effect it
shaped the cultural soul and diversity of the area. Today, Cleveland,
Akron, and Canton combine to form this Nation's 12th largest population
center. The natural and cultural history of the region is recorded
within the Ohio & Erie Canal corridor.
In 1990 the National Park Service was asked by Congress to study the
Ohio & Erie Canal corridor with an eye toward guiding decisions
concerning the corridor. That study, ``a route to prosperity,'' was
released in September 1993 and concluded that the area was indeed
worthy of preservation and protection, and is appropriate for inclusion
as an affiliated unit of the National Park Service.
Mr. President, this bill is the next step in preserving and
protecting this treasured corridor. The region has recently witnessed a
reenergized effort in support of preservation. This legislation would
promote a strong partnership among local communities and the State and
Federal governments in developing the canal project.
This bill would establish a 21-member commission charged with
developing a management plan for the area. It would require a dollar-
for-dollar match of any Federal funding provided. In short, it is the
support of the local communities and business interests that will make
this project a reality, not Federal funding. This grassroots support
has proven essential in the establishment of America's three existing
national heritage corridors in Illinois, Pennsylvania, and
Massachusetts.
Mr. President, this corridor offers numerous natural, cultural,
historical, and recreational features. This legislation would combine
the assets of the corridor, overwhelming local support, and
professional preservation expertise.
It is estimated that over 5 million people live within 1 hour of the
corridor. The establishment of the canal as a national heritage
corridor would provide a greater range of recreation options for these
people and would go far in attracting tourism to the region.
Mr. President, I look forward to working with my colleagues in
establishing this Nation's fourth national heritage corridor along the
Ohio & Erie Canal.
I ask unanimous consent that a copy of the bill be printed in the
Congressional Record.
There being no objection, the bill was ordered to be printed in the
Record, as follows:
S. 1818
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Ohio & Erie Canal National
Heritage Corridor Act of 1994''.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.
(a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(1) The Ohio & Erie Canal, which opened for commercial
navigation in 1832, was the first inland waterway to connect
the Great Lakes at Lake Erie with the Gulf of Mexico via the
Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and was part of a canal network
in Ohio that was one of the most extensive and successful
systems in America during a time when canals were essential
to the growth of the Nation.
(2) The Ohio & Erie Canal spurred economic growth in the
State of Ohio that took the State from near bankruptcy to the
third most economically prosperous State in the Union in just
20 years.
(3) A 4-mile section of the Ohio & Erie Canal was
designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966 and other
portions of the Ohio & Erie Canal and many associated
structures were placed on the National Register of Historic
Places.
(4) In 1974, 19 miles of the Ohio & Erie Canal were
declared nationally significant under National Park Service
new area criteria with the designation of Cuyahoga Valley
National Recreation Area.
(5) The National Park Service determined that the Ohio &
Erie Canal is nationally significant in a 1975 study entitled
``Suitability/Feasibility Study, Proposed Ohio & Erie
Canal''.
(6) A 1993 special resource study of the Ohio & Erie Canal
Corridor conducted by the National Park Service entitled ``A
Route to Prosperity'' concluded that the corridor is eligible
as a National Heritage Corridor, an affiliated unit of the
National Park System.
(b) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is--
(1) to preserve and interpret for the educational and
inspirational benefit of present and future generations the
unique and significant contributions to our national heritage
of certain historic and cultural lands, waterways, and
structures within the 87-mile Ohio & Erie Canal Corridor
between Cleveland and Zoar; and
(2) to provide a management framework to assist the State
of Ohio and its political subdivisions in developing and
implementing an integrated Corridor Management Plan and
developing policies and programs that will preserve, enhance,
and interpret the cultural, historical, natural, recreation,
and scenic resources of the corridor.
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.
For the purposes of this Act--
(1) the term ``corridor'' means the Ohio & Erie Canal
National Heritage Corridor established under section 4;
(2) the term ``Commission'' means the Ohio & Erie Canal
National Heritage Corridor Commission established under
section 5; and
(3) the term ``Corridor Management Plan'' means the
management plan developed under section 8.
SEC. 4. OHIO & ERIE CANAL NATIONAL HERITAGE CORRIDOR.
(a) Establishment.--There is established in the State of
Ohio the Ohio & Erie Canal National Heritage Corridor.
(b) Boundaries.--
(1) In general.--The boundaries of the corridor are
generally the route of the Ohio & Erie Canal from Cleveland
to Zoar, Ohio, as depicted in the 1993 National Park Service
special resources study entitled ``A Route to Prosperity''.
(2) Detail.--The boundaries shall be specified in detail in
the Corridor Management Plan, prepared and approved pursuant
to section 7(a).
(c) Administration.--The corridor shall be administered in
accordance with this Act.
SEC. 5. THE OHIO & ERIE CANAL NATIONAL HERITAGE CORRIDOR
COMMISSION.
(a) Establishment.--
(1) In general.--There is established the Ohio & Erie Canal
National Heritage Corridor Commission.
(2) Responsibilities.--The Commission shall assist Federal,
State, and local authorities and the private sector in
developing and implementing an integrated management plan for
the corridor.
(b) Membership.--The Commission shall be composed of 21
members, including--
(1) the Director of the National Park Service, ex officio,
or a delegate of the Director;
(2) 2 individuals appointed by the Secretary from
recommendations submitted by the Governor of Ohio, who shall
be representatives of the Directors of the Ohio Department of
Natural Resources and the Ohio Historical Society;
(3) 8 individuals appointed by the Secretary from
recommendations submitted by the county commissioners or
county chief executive of the Ohio counties of Cuyahoga,
Summit, Stark, and Tuscarawas, of which--
(A) 4 individuals shall be representatives of the Planning
offices of each county; and
(B) 4 individuals shall represent a municipality in each of
the counties;
(4) 3 individuals appointed by the Secretary from
recommendations submitted by the county or metropolitan park
boards of the Ohio counties of Cuyahoga, Summit, and Stark;
(5) 1 individual with knowledge and experience in the field
of historic preservation, appointed by the Secretary from
recommendations made by the Director of the National Park
Service;
(6) 1 individual with knowledge and experience in the field
of historic preservation, appointed by the Secretary from
recommendations made by the Ohio Historic Preservation
Officer;
(7) 1 individual who shall be a director of a convention
and tourism bureau from within the corridor, appointed by the
Secretary from recommendations made by the Director of the
Ohio Department of Travel and Tourism; and
(8) 4 individuals appointed by the Secretary from
recommendations submitted by the Greater Cleveland Growth
Association, the Akron Regional Development Board, the Stark
Development Board, and the Tuscarawas County Chamber of
Commerce, who shall represent business and industry in each
of the 4 counties.
(c) Period of Appointment.--
(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2),
members of the Commission shall be appointed for terms of 3
years and may be reappointed after the expiration of each
term.
(2) Initial appointments.--The Secretary shall appoint the
initial members of the Commission not later than 6 months
after the date of enactment of this Act. Of the members first
appointed--
(A) the members appointed pursuant to subsection (b)(3)(B)
shall be appointed to a term of 2 years and may not be
reappointed to a consecutive term;
(B) the member appointed pursuant to subsection (b)(7)
shall be appointed to a term of 2 years and may not be
reappointed to a consecutive term; and
(C) the members appointed pursuant to subsections (b)(5)
and (b)(8) shall be appointed to a term of 2 years and may be
reappointed.
(d) Vacancies.--
(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), a
vacancy in the Commission shall be filled in the manner in
which the original appointment was made.
(2) Limitations.--Any member appointed to fill a vacancy
occurring before the expiration of the term for which the
predecessor of such vacancy was appointed shall be appointed
only for the remainder of such term. Any member of the
Commission appointed for a definite term may serve after the
expiration of the term until a successor has taken office.
(e) Personnel Matters.--
(1) Compensation of members.--Each member of the Commission
who is not an officer or employee of the Federal Government
shall serve without compensation. Each member of the
Commission who is an officer or employee of the Federal
Government shall serve without compensation in addition to
that received for their service as officers or employees of
the Federal Government.
(2) Travel expenses.--The members of the Commission shall
be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of
subsistence, at rates authorized for persons employed
intermittently in the Government service under section 5703
of title 5, United States Code.
(f) Chairperson.--The members of the Commission shall elect
a Chairperson from among the members of the Commission. The
Chairperson shall serve in such capacity until the expiration
of the term of the member elected as Chairperson.
(g) Quorum.--Eleven members of the Commission shall
constitute a quorum. The affirmative vote of not less than 11
members of the Commission shall be required to approve the
budget of the Commission.
(h) Meetings.--The Commission shall meet at least quarterly
at the call of the chairperson or 11 of its members. Meetings
of the Commission shall be subject to section 552b of title
5, United States Code (relating to open meetings).
(i) Staff.--
(1) In general.--The Commission may, without regard to
civil service laws and regulations, appoint and fix the
compensation of such staff as may be necessary to enable the
Commission to carry out its duties. The Commission shall
appoint a Director and such specialists the Commission
considers necessary or appropriate in such areas as planning,
community development, interpretive services, historic
preservation, recreation, natural resources, commerce and
industry, education, financing, and public relations.
(2) Compensation.--The Commission may fix the compensation
of the Director and other personnel without regard to the
provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of
title 5, United States Code, relating to classification of
positions and General Schedule pay rates, except that no
individual so appointed may receive pay in excess of the
annual rate payable for grade GS-15 of the General Schedule.
(j) Experts and Consultants.--Subject to such rules as may
be adopted by the Commission, the Commission may procure
temporary and intermittent services under section 3109(b) of
title 5, United States Code, at rates determined by the
Commission to be reasonable.
(k) Detail of Government Employees.--Upon request of the
Commission, the head of any Federal agency may detail, on a
reimbursable basis, the personnel of such agency to the
Commission to assist the Commission in carrying out its
duties. The Commission may accept the services of personnel
detailed from the State of Ohio, and any political
subdivision thereof, and may reimburse the State or political
subdivision for the services.
(l) Administrative Support.--The Administrator of General
Services shall provide such administrative support services
as the Commission may request, on a reimbursable basis.
SEC. 6. POWERS OF THE COMMISSION.
(a) Hearings.--The Commission may, for the purpose of
carrying out this Act, hold such hearings, sit and act at
such times and places, take such testimony, and receive such
evidence, as the Commission considers appropriate. The
Commission may not issue subpoenas or exercise subpoena
authority.
(b) Bylaws.--The Commission may make such bylaws, rules,
and regulations, consistent with this Act, as it considers
necessary to carry out its functions under this Act.
(c) Powers of Members and Agents.--Any member or agent of
the Commission, if so authorized by the Commission, may take
any action which the Commission is authorized to take by this
Act.
(d) Mails.--The Commission may use the United States mails
in the same manner and under the same conditions as other
departments and agencies of the United States.
(e) Use of Funds To Obtain Money.--The Commission may use
its funds to obtain money from any source under any program
or law requiring the recipient of such money to make a
contribution in order to receive such money.
(f) Retaining Revenues.--The Commission may retain revenue
from the sale or lease of any goods or services.
(g) Gifts.--Except as provided in subsection (h), the
Commission may, for the purposes of carrying out its duties,
seek, accept, and dispose of gifts, bequests, or donations of
money, personal property, or services, received from any
source. For purposes of section 170(c) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, any gift to the Commission shall be
deemed to be a gift to the United States.
(h) Acquisition and Disposition of Real Property.--
(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and
(3), the Commission may not acquire real property, or
interests in real property, in the corridor.
(2) Conditions for acquisition.--Subject to paragraph (3),
the Commission may acquire real property, or interests in
real property, in the corridor--
(A) by gift or devise;
(B) by purchase from a willing seller using donated or
appropriated land acquisition funds; or
(C) by exchange.
(3) Conveyance.--Any real property or interest in real
property acquired by the Commission under paragraph (2) shall
be conveyed by the Commission to an appropriate public agency
or private nonprofit organization, as determined by the
Commission--
(A) as soon as practicable after such acquisition; and
(B) on the condition that the real property or interest in
real property limits use of the property to uses consistent
with the purpose of this Act.
(4) Disposal of property.--The Commission may with approval
of the Secretary, sell any real property or interest in real
property pursuant to subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph
(2) and retain the revenue from the sale.
(i) Cooperative Agreements and Technical Assistance.--For
the purposes of implementing the Corridor Management Plan,
the Commission may enter cooperative agreements with, or
provide technical assistance to, Federal agencies, the State
of Ohio, political subdivisions of the State, corporations,
and persons. Any such cooperative agreement shall, at a
minimum, establish procedures for providing notice to the
Commission of any action proposed by Federal agencies, the
State of Ohio, any political subdivision of the State, any
corporations, or any such person which may affect the
implementation of the Corridor Management Plan.
(j) Loans and Grants.--Consistent with the purposes of this
Act, the Commission may make loans and grants to the State of
Ohio, political subdivision of the State, corporations, or
persons, from appropriated funds or from funds donated or
otherwise made available to the Commission. The Commission
shall provide advice and assistance in preparation of loan or
grant applications to the Commission and applications for
loans or grants from other Federal or non-Federal sources in
furtherance of this Act. Any loan made under this subsection
shall be for a term expiring before the termination of the
Commission.
(k) Technical Advisory Groups.--Not later than 1 year after
the date on which the Commission holds its first meeting, the
Commission shall establish public technical advisory groups
to assist the Commission in carrying out its duties in the
areas of economic development, historic preservation, natural
resources, tourism, recreation and open space, and
transportation. The Commission may establish additional
technical advisory groups as needed to carry out its duties.
(l) Local Authority and Private Property Not Affected.--
Nothing in this Act shall be construed to affect or to
authorize the Commission to interfere with--
(1) the rights of any person with respect to private
property; or
(2) any local zoning ordinance or land use plan of the
State of Ohio or a political subdivision of such State.
SEC. 7. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION.
(a) Corridor Management Plan.--
(1) Period for development.--Not later than 18 months after
the date on which the Commission conducts its first meeting,
the Commission shall submit a management plan for the
corridor to the Secretary and the Governor of Ohio for review
and approval.
(2) Technical assistance.--The Secretary shall, upon
request of the Commission, provide assistance to the
Commission in the preparation and implementation of the plan.
(3) Plan requirements.--The plan shall take into
consideration State, county, and local plans existing on the
date on which the plan is prepared, and public involvement.
The plan shall--
(A) provide an inventory that includes any property in the
corridor that should be preserved, restored, managed,
developed, or maintained because of its natural, cultural,
historic, recreational, or scenic significance;
(B) provide an analysis of current and potential land uses
within the corridor that affect the character of the
corridor;
(C) determine the boundaries of the corridor based on the
information collected pursuant to subparagraphs (A) and (B);
(D) establish standards and criteria applicable to the
construction, preservation, restoration, alteration, and use
of significant properties within the corridor;
(E) include a heritage interpretation plan to interpret the
resources and values of the corridor, and provide for
appropriate educational, recreational, and tourism
opportunities and development;
(F) contain policies for land use management that consider
and detail the application of appropriate land and water
management techniques not limited to local zoning, use of
easements, and intergovernmental cooperative agreements, so
as to protect and enhance the historic, cultural, natural,
scenic, and recreational resources of the corridor in a
manner consistent with supporting economic development
efforts;
(G) include a public access and transportation plan that
integrates corridor resources within and outside corridor
boundaries;
(H) contain a coordination and consistency component which
details the way in which local, State, and Federal programs
will be coordinated to promote the purposes of this Act; and
(I) contain a Federal, State, and local government
implementation plan that includes cost estimates, schedules,
and a commitment of resources for its accomplishment.
(b) Approval of the Plan by Secretary.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after receiving the
plan from the Commission, the Secretary shall approve or
disapprove a plan submitted under subsection (a).
(2) Criteria for decision.--The Secretary shall approve a
plan only if the Secretary finds that the plan, if
implemented, would adequately protect the significant
natural, cultural, historic, recreational, and scenic
resources of the corridor.
(3) Factors relating to approval.--In determining whether
or not to approve the plan, the Secretary shall consider
whether--
(A) the Commission has afforded adequate opportunity for
public involvement in the preparation of the plan; and
(B) adequate assurances have been received from State and
local government officials that the implementation program
identified in the plan will be initiated within a reasonable
time after the date of approval of the plan and such program
will ensure effective implementation of the Federal, State,
and local aspects of the plan.
(4) Disapproval.--
(A) In general.--If the Secretary disapproves the plan, the
Secretary shall advise the Commission, in writing, of the
reasons for the disapproval, and shall make recommendations
for revisions.
(B) Resubmission.--Not later than 6 months after the
Commission receives notice of disapproval, the Commission
shall resubmit the plan to the Secretary, who shall approve
or disapprove the plan as revised in accordance with
paragraphs (1) through (3).
(c) Priority Actions Under Implementation of the Plan.--
(1) In general.--After approval of the plan under
subsection (b), the Commission shall give priority to actions
that--
(A) preserve and enhance the significant cultural and
natural resources of the corridor;
(B) promote and provide educational, interpretive, and
recreational opportunities consistent with the resources and
associated values of the corridor; and
(C) support public and private efforts in economic
development that contribute to the goals of the plan.
(2) Actions described.--Priority actions to be carried out
under paragraph (1) include--
(A) assisting the State and political subdivisions and the
private sector preserve and enhance the Ohio & Erie Canal and
related resources;
(B) assisting the State and political subdivisions and the
private sector in appropriate treatment of historic
districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects listed
or eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic
Places;
(C) assisting the State and political subdivisions and the
private sector design, construct, and maintain appropriate
visitor use facilities, interpretive exhibits, tour routes
and coordinated signs through the corridor;
(D) assisting in the enhancement of public awareness and
appreciation for historical, cultural, natural, recreational,
and scenic resources and associated values of the corridor;
(E) encouraging the conservation of natural resources and
historic and scenic landscapes;
(F) encouraging enhanced recreational opportunities and
economic development in the corridor in furtherance of the
goals of the plan; and
(G) encouraging local governments to adopt policies
consistent with the goals of the plan and to take actions to
implement the policies.
(d) Annual Reports.--
(1) Commission.--The Commission shall submit an annual
report to the Secretary setting forth its expenses and income
and the entities to which any loans and grants were made
during the year for which the report is made.
(2) Secretary.--The Secretary shall submit an annual report
to Congress describing the loans, grants, and technical
assistance provided under this Act. The report shall specify
the amount, recipient, and purpose of any loan, grant, or
technical assistance so provided and shall include an
analysis of the adequacy of actions taken during the previous
year to preserve, protect, enhance, and interpret the
significant sites, buildings, structures, and objects with
the area, as well as the anticipated funds and personnel to
be made available by the Secretary during the next fiscal
year to implement this Act.
SEC. 8. TERMINATION OF THE COMMISSION.
(a) Termination.--Except as provided in subsection (b), the
Commission shall terminate on the date that is 20 years after
the date of the enactment of this Act. Any property or funds
of the Commission remaining upon the expiration of the
Commission shall be transferred by the Commission to the
United States, to a State or local government agency, to a
private nonprofit organization referred to in section
501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 which is
exempt from income taxes under section 501(a) of such Code,
or to any combination of the foregoing.
(b) Extensions.--The Commission may be extended for a
period of not more than 5 years beginning on the date
referred to in subsection (a) if, not later than 180 days
before such date--
(1) the Commission determines such extension is necessary
in order to carry out this Act;
(2) the Commission submits the proposed extension to the
Committee on Natural Resources of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural
Resource of the Senate before the termination date; and
(3) the Secretary and the Governor of the State of Ohio
each approve such extension.
SEC. 9. DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY.
(a) Technical Assistance.--The Secretary may, upon request
of the Commission, provide technical assistance to the
Commission for--
(1) establishing guidelines and standards to protect,
preserve, enhance, and interpret the cultural and natural
resources of the corridor; and
(2) general administrative support in planning, finance,
personnel, procurement, property management, environmental
and historical compliance, and land acquisition.
(b) Assistance of the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation
Area.--
(1) In general.--Upon request of the Commission, and
subject to the availability of funds directly appropriated
for this purpose, or made available on a reimbursable basis,
the Secretary shall provide technical, financial,
development, and operations assistance through the Cuyahoga
Valley National Recreation Area. Such assistance may
include--
(A) administrative support, such as office space and
equipment;
(B) personnel;
(C) planning and design services for visitor use
facilities, trails, interpretive exhibits, publications,
signs, and natural resource management;
(D) development and construction assistance, including
visitor use facilities, trails, excursion passenger rail
facilities, river use and access facilities, scenic byways,
signs, waysides, and rehabilitation of historic structures;
and
(E) operations functions, including interpretation and
visitor services, maintenance, natural resource management,
and law enforcement services conducted within the boundaries
of the corridor.
(2) Cooperative agreements.--For the purposes of providing
assistance under paragraph (1), the Secretary may enter into
cooperative agreements with any Federal, State, or local
agency, corporation, or person.
(c) Land Transfers.--The Secretary may accept transfers of
real property from the Commission within the boundaries of
the corridor as established in the Corridor Management Plan.
Property outside the legislated boundaries of the Cuyahoga
Valley National Recreation Area that is transferred to the
National Park Service by the Commission shall be added to and
administered as part of the Cuyahoga Valley National
Recreation Area.
SEC. 10. DUTIES OF OTHER FEDERAL ENTITIES.
Any Federal entity conducting or supporting activities
directly affecting the corridor and any entity of the State
of Ohio or a political subdivision of the State of Ohio
acting pursuant to a grant of Federal funds or a Federal
permit or agreement supporting such activities, shall--
(1) consult with the Secretary and the Commission appointed
for the corridor with respect to such activities;
(2) cooperate with the Secretary and the Commission in
carrying out their duties under this Act and, to the maximum
extent practicable, coordinate such activities; and
(3) conduct or support such activities in a manner which
the Commission determines will not have an adverse effect on
the corridor.
SEC. 11. COST SHARE.
(a) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the funding
provided to the Commission to carry out this Act may not
exceed 50 percent of the total cost of--
(1) the annual administrative expenditures of the
Commission;
(2) the annual development expenditures of the Commission
to implement the Corridor Management Plan; and
(3) the annual land acquisition expenditures of the
Commission.
(b) Non-Federal Share.--The non-Federal share of the
funding of the Commission may be in the form of cash,
services, or in-kind contributions, fairly valued.
SEC. 12. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
(a) In General.--There is authorized to be appropriated to
the Commission--
(1) for the administrative expenses of the Commission,
$400,000 per year;
(2) for planning, design, construction, grants, and loans
to implement the approved Corridor Management Plan,
$1,500,000 per year, to remain available until expended; and
(3) for the acquisition of real property consistent with
the implementation of the Corridor Management Plan, subject
to section 7(b), $250,000 per year, to remain available until
expended.
(b) Limitation.--No amount shall be expended prior to the
date on which the Secretary approves the Corridor Management
Plan, except that the Commission may expend funds prior to
such time for--
(1) an 87-mile multiple use trail connecting Cleveland and
Zoar, Ohio;
(2) 2 Heritage Visitor Centers located proximate to the
route of the Ohio and Erie Canal between Cleveland and Zoar;
(3) excursion passenger rail facilities for the Cuyahoga
Valley National Recreation Area provided by the nonprofit
Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad along rail routes connecting
Cleveland and Zoar;
(4) the rehabilitation of sites, structures, and buildings
listed or eligible for listing on the National Register of
Historic Places that are located proximate to the route of
the Ohio and Erie Canal and that may be threatened with loss
or demolition; and
(5) acquisition of property, only if such property is
proximate to the route of the Ohio & Erie Canal and is
threatened by inappropriate development or treatment.
____
Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I am pleased to join my colleague,
Senator Metzenbaum, in introducing the Ohio and Erie Canal National
Heritage Corridor Act. This legislation will designate an 87-mile
section of the canal between Cleveland and Zoar as a national heritage
corridor.
In fiscal year 1991, Congress appropriated $175,000 for the National
Park Service to study the Ohio and Erie Canal Corridor. This study
analyzed the national significance of the corridor as well as its
historical, cultural and recreational resources. The National Park
Service study which was released in September 1993, concluded that the
area is suitable and worthy of national preservation and protection.
Mr. President, the importance of the Ohio and Erie Canal to all
Americans was recognized in 1966, when a section of the canal in
Cuyahoga County was designated as a national historic landmark. The
national importance of another portion of the canal corridor was
recognized with the authorization of the Cuyahoga Valley National
Recreation Area in 1974.
This legislation will establish a 21-member commission to develop a
management plan for the corridor. Representatives from the Ohio
Department of Natural Resources, the National Park Service, the Ohio
Historical Society, the four county governments, and the local business
communities would serve on the commission. A number of activities are
already underway at the local level, and the National Heritage Corridor
Act will serve as a mechanism to coordinate these activities. For
example, the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area Towpath Trail and
Cuyahoga Valley Line Railroad are providing trail and rail
opportunities, and other communities are engaging in master planning
projects to focus specifically on their resources. Federal legislation
will encourage a regional approach for resource management in the area.
Mr. President, the Ohio and Erie Canal played a major role in our
Nation's economic growth and industrial development. I urge my
colleagues to join Senator Metzenbaum and me in supporting the Ohio and
Erie Canal National Heritage Corridor Act.
______
By Mrs. KASSEBAUM (for herself and Mr. Dole):
S. 1819. A bill to prohibit any Federal department or agency from
requiring any State, or political subdivision thereof, to convert
highway signs to metric units; to the Committee on Environment and
Public Works.
metric mandate relief act
Mrs. KASSEBAUM. Mr. President, today I am introducing legislation
that would prohibit Federal agencies from requiring State and local
governments to convert highway signs to metric units. Congressman
Roberts has introduced companion legislation in the House of
Representatives.
Currently, the Federal Highway Administration is considering
proposals to convert our Nation's highway signs from English to metric.
I oppose these measures and believe that sign conversion would do
little more than create confusion for motorists and place yet another
unfunded Federal mandate on financially strapped State and local
governments.
The confusion that such a change would bring is evident. Today,
millions of American motorists, myself included, are not familiar with
the metric system. Some may see this fact as a reason to convert
highway signs. I disagree and believe that if we are to push metric
education, those efforts should begin in the classroom rather than on
already dangerous highways.
In addition highway sign conversion would further burden State and
local governments with another unfunded Federal mandate. The 1994
Highway Appropriations Act prohibits the use of Federal aid funds for
highway sign conversion. Given the reluctance of Congress to fund sign
conversion, State and local governments would be forced to pick up the
tab. This translates into fewer dollars for other highway projects.
Mr. President, some may view this legislation as an attempt to throw
ongoing metric conversion efforts into reverse. That is not the case.
This bill would not affect any effort that Government agencies are are
taking in accordance with the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of
1988 and Executive Order 12770, which designate the metric system as
the preferred system for U.S. trade and commerce and require all
Federal Government agencies to use metric units in procurements,
grants, and other business-related activities.
My goal is not to hinder these efforts. I believe that using metrics
in business-related activities of the Federal Government can be
beneficial. However, it is one thing to require the Government experts
who deal with plans and specifications to use metric units. It is quite
another to expect American motorists to learn the system as they motor
down our Nation's highways, especially when this course in metrics may
cost them other highway projects.
Mr. President, I firmly believe that this measure will save American
drivers unnecessary headaches and State and local governments millions
of dollars. I urge my colleagues to adopt it.
Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I fully endorse and support my Kansas
colleague, Senator Kassebaum, in this action to prohibit the Federal
Government from requiring States to convert highway signs to the metric
system.
Mr. President, here is an example of Federal intrusion at its worst.
If one were to look for a mandate that makes less sense than this one,
we would all be looking for a long, long time.
I have been contacted by dozens of Kansas citizens who have
discovered this mandate. Although the Appropriations Committee has
taken action in the past to block the use of Federal highway funds by
States to achieve metric conversion, apparently it is the
interpretation of the Federal Highway Administration that legislation
adopted in 1975 and later, amended in 1988 still requires the United
States to convert to the metric system. It is my understanding that
FHWA does have the option to reject this conversion based upon
excessive cost and the hardship it may cause. However, I agree with
Senator Kassebaum, we should not needlessly spend millions of taxpayer
dollars and force the States to convert to the metric system.
______
By Mrs. BOXER:
S. 1820. A bill to amend the Export Administration Act of 1979 with
respect to export controls on computers; to the Committee on Banking,
Housing, and Urban Affairs.
computer equipment and technology export control reform act
Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I am pleased to introduce today the
Computer Equipment and Technology Export Control Reform Act.
U.S. export controls are necessary to contain the spread of weapons
and to prevent terrorists from obtaining technology that could threaten
this Nation's security. We can all agree on that.
But, at the same time, these controls should not unnecessarily
undermine highly competitive and growing California industries, such as
our computer and computer equipment makers. Over 280,000 Californians
are employed by businesses that make computers, software and other
computer equipment. Nationwide, these companies exported over $52.8
billion in goods last year.
To promote economic growth and job creation in California, we must
support, not inhibit, this growing, export-oriented sector. Out-of-date
and ineffective controls on computers and computer equipment serve as a
costly barrier in the global battle for export markets.
The Clinton administration recognized this in its recent Trade
Promotion Coordinating Committee [TPCC] report. In this report, the
administration noted that the U.S. economy lost 10 to 20 billion
dollars' worth of exports each year and as many as 400,000 jobs because
of the Federal export control regime. To boost exports and stimulate
economic growth, the administration proposed raising the computer
control threshold from 12.5 MTOPS to 500 MTOPS, and the supercomputer
threshold from 195 MTOPS to 2,000 MTOPS. I congratulate the
administration for its foresight and understanding of the needs of this
important California industry.
These reforms were an important first step. But, we need to be sure
that we do not put California's computer makers behind the 8-ball
again.
My bill, the Computer Equipment and Technology Control Reform Act,
will ensure that U.S. controls on the export of computers and computer
equipment will keep pace with the worldwide spread of computer
technology and the rapid speed of technological change. My bill
requires the Secretary of Commerce to review annually export controls
on computers, software and other computer equipment. In this review,
the Secretary must identify the objectives of the controls, the level
of technology that would defeat these objectives, the economic impact
of the controls, and the level of technology that is widely available
now, and will be available in the coming year, in the international
marketplace. The Secretary would be required to increase the levels at
which technologies are controlled in accordance with the findings of
the review.
The act also attempts to better focus U.S. controls on those items
that can be controlled by allowing computers worth less than $5,000 and
mass-market computers and equipment to be shipped without prior
licensing approval. Widely available consumer products will no longer
be caught in the time-consuming and costly licensing net.
Finally, the act requires the Secretary to publish the publicly-known
names of foreign purchasers that may be involved in proliferation
activities. This will enhance the ability of our exporters to avoid
foreign purchasers that may be a threat to our Nation's security.
With the Computer Equipment and Technology Control Reform Act, we
will have an export control regime that is more rational, more
efficient, and more predictable. Computers and technology that should
be controlled will be controlled. And, computers and technology that
should not be subject to time-consuming and costly controls, will be
freed from unnecessary licensing requirements through a reasonable
review process.
Freeing California's computer, software and computer equipment makers
from unnecessary licensing restrictions will lead to more exports.
Increasing California's exports means more jobs for Californians and a
stronger California economy.
The Computer Equipment and Technology Control Reform Act has been
introduced in the other body by my good friend, Congressman Don
Edwards. I look forward to working with him and my colleagues in this
body to enact this important export control reform bill.
I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill and a summary be
printed in the Record.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in
the Record, as follows:
S. 1820
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION. 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited at the ``Computer Equipment and
Technology Export Control Reform Act''.
SEC. 2. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CONTROLS ON COMPUTERS.
Section 4 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50
U.S.C. App. 2403) is amended by adding at the end the
following new subsection:
``(h) Review of Export Controls on Computer Equipment and
Technology.--
``(1) In General.--In order to ensure that requirements of
validated licenses and other licenses authorizing multiple
exports are periodically removed as computer equipment,
computer communications and networking equipment, computer
software, and related technology, that are subject to such
requirements become obsolete with respect to the specific
objectives of the export controls requiring such licenses,
the Secretary shall conduct periodic reviews of such
controls. The Secretary shall complete such a review not
later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this
subsection, and not later than the end of each 1-year period
thereafter.
``(2) Review Elements.--In conducting each review under
paragraph (1), the Secretary shall do the following with
respect to the export controls requiring a license described
in paragraph (1):
``(A) Objectives of Control.--The Secretary shall identify
the specific objectives of the export controls, for the 12-
month period beginning on the date on which the review is
completed, for each country for which a validated license is
required. When an objective of an export control is to defer
the development of a specific capability in such country, the
Secretary shall specify for what period of time the controls
are expected to defer such capability.
``(B) Quantity and Performance.--The Secretary shall
estimate, for the 12-month period described in subparagraph
(A), the quantity and performance (measured in Composite
Theoretical Performance or other relevant performance
metrics) of computer systems that must be obtained by each
country for which a validated license is required in order to
defeat the objectives of the export controls.
``(C) Availability to Controlled Destinations.--The
Secretary shall evaluate the effectiveness of the export
controls in achieving their specific objectives, including
explicit descriptions of the availability, during the 12-
month period described in subparagraph (A), to controlled
countries of computer equipment, computer communications and
networking equipment, computer software, and related
technology on which the export controls are in effect--
``(i) from sources that do not control the export of such
items, and from sources from which no effective export
controls on such items exist;
``(ii) as a result of actual or potential diversion,
including potential diversion of software over international
computer or telephone networks;
``(iii) as a result of export license authorizations from
countries other than the United States;
``(iv) as a result of indigenous production in controlled
countries; and
``(v) as a result of United States regulations permitting
exports to such countries of items with minimal United States
content by value.
``(D) Economic impact.--The Secretary shall evaluate the
economic impact, during the 12-month period described in
subparagraph (A), of the export controls on exporting
companies, including estimates of lost sales, loss in market
share, and administrative overhead.
``(3) Increase in thresholds.--After completing each review
under this subsection, the Secretary shall increase, if
warranted by the findings of the review, the following export
control thresholds, consistent with the obligations of the
United States under bilateral and multilateral agreements:
``(A) The performance levels at which computer systems are
eligible for delivery under a distribution license.
``(B) The performance levels at which computer systems may
be shipped under a general license to countries other than
controlled countries.
``(C) The performance levels defining a `supercomputer'.
``(D) The performance levels at which a validated license
is required for the export to a controlled country of
computer systems and peripherals, software, parts, and
communications equipment normally supplied with such computer
systems.
In any recommendation or publication for such increase, the
Secretary shall include the specific rationale for the
increase.
``(4) Default provisions.--If on the date by which a review
under this subsection must be completed, the review is not
completed or a report on the review has not been transmitted
to the Congress under paragraph (5), the performance levels
described in paragraph (3) then in effect, stated in terms of
Composite Theoretical Performance or other relevant
performance metrics, shall double, effective 90 days from
that date. No change in regulations or notice in the Federal
Register shall be required to implement such increase in
performance levels.
``(5) Report.--The Secretary shall transmit to the Congress
and to the Computer Systems Technical Advisory Committee (or
successor technical advisory committee) a report on the
findings of each review conducted under this subsection,
addressing each requirement set forth in paragraph (2).
Within 60 days thereafter, the Computer Systems Technical
Advisory Committee (or successor technical advisory
committee) shall transmit to the Congress a concise statement
specifying its concurrence or nonconcurrence with each matter
contained in the Secretary's report, along with specific
reasons for such concurrence or nonconcurrence.
``(6) Hearings.--The Secretary shall conduct public
hearings not less than once each year in order to solicit
information from all interested parties on all matters to be
addressed in each review conducted under this subsection.''.
SEC. 3. DE MINIMUS DECONTROL OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS.
Section 4 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50
U.S.C. App. 2403) is amended by adding at the end the
following new subsection:
``(i) Removal of Controls on Computer Systems Valued at
Less Than $5,000.--
``(1) In general.--No validated license shall be required
under this Act for the export or reexport to any controlled
country of any digital computer having a net value of less
than $5,000.
``(2) Definition of net value.--As used in paragraph (1),
the `net value' of a digital computer means the actual
selling price of the computer, less transport charges, to the
customer abroad, or the current market price of the computer
to the same type of customer in the United States.
``(3) No quantity limit.--No limit may be placed under this
Act on the number of computer systems to which paragraph (1)
applies that may be exported or reexported at any one time or
on the number of shipments of such computer systems to any
controlled country or end-user in a controlled country.''.
SEC. 4. DECONTROL OF MASS-MARKET COMPUTER EQUIPMENT.
Section 4 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50
U.S.C. App. 2403) is amended by adding at the end the
following new subsection:
``(j) Removal of Controls on Mass-Market Computer
Equipment.--
``(1) Mass-market computer equipment defined.--For purposes
of this subsection, the term `mass-market computer equipment'
means any computer system, computer networking equipment,
peripheral to a computer system, part or subassembly of a
computer system, or combination thereof, on which export
controls are in effect under this Act, and which will have
been installed for end-use outside the United States in a
quantity exceeding 100,000 units over a 12-month period, as
determined under paragraph (2).
``(2) Anticipatory review of mass-market computer
equipment.--Not later than--
``(A) 6 months after the date of the enactment of this
subsection, and
``(B) the end of each 1-year period occurring thereafter,
the Secretary shall, in consultation with the Computer
Systems Technical Advisory Committee (or successor technical
advisory committee), industry groups, and computer equipment
producers, identify those items (including computer systems
differentiated in terms of Composite Theoretical Performance)
that will be installed for end-use outside the United States
in a quantity exceeding 100,000 units during the 12-month
period beginning on the applicable date described in
subparagraph (A) or (B). Estimates of numbers of items
installed shall be based on reliable estimates provided by
producers of such items.
``(3) Action by the secretary.--Not later than 30 days
after an item is determined by the Secretary under paragraph
(2) to be mass-market computer equipment, the Secretary shall
either--
``(A) eliminate export controls on such equipment and
publish a notice of such action in the Federal Register; or
``(B) in the case of an item controlled under the terms of
an export control regime in which the United States
participates with 1 or more other countries, propose the
elimination of controls on such equipment in accordance with
the procedures of the appropriate regime and publish a notice
of such proposal in the Federal Register.''.
SEC. 5. IDENTIFICATION OF PROLIFERATION END-USERS.
Section 4 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50
U.S.C. App. 2403) is amended by adding at the end the
following new subsection:
``(k) Identification of Proliferation Endusers.--
``(1) Proliferation enduser defined.--For purposes of this
subsection, the term `proliferation enduser' means any entity
that is engaged, directly or indirectly, in the design,
development, or production of nuclear, chemical, or
biological weapons or missiles and is located in a country
that is not party to a bilateral or multilateral agreement
the purpose of which is to limit the spread of such weapons
and activities and to which the United States is a party.
``(2) Publication of proliferation endusers.--The Secretary
shall, within 10 days after communicating to any United
States exporter (including by denying an export license to
such exporter) that any entity has been identified as a
proliferation enduser publish in the Federal Register the
name and specific validated license requirements for exports
to such proliferation enduser. If such publication is not
made, such entity shall be deemed not to be a proliferation
enduser and exports or reexports to such entity shall not
require an individual validated license solely because of
activities described in paragraph (1).''.
Computer Equipment and Technology Export Control Reform Act
BILL SUMMARY
Section 1. Short title
The ``Computer Equipment and Technology Export Control
Reform Act.''
Section 2. Annual review of controls on computers
(1) In General.--In an effort to remove export controls
that are obsolete, the Secretary of Commerce must conduct an
annual review of export controls on computers, software and
other computer equipment.
(2) Review Elements.--In conducting the annual review, the
Secretary of Commerce must look prospectively for 12 months
at the following elements:
(A) Objectives of Control.--The Secretary must identify the
objectives of the export controls. If the goal is to prevent
or postpone development or acquisition of a technology or
capability, then the Secretary must specify the period of
time the controls are expected to defer that capability.
(B) Quantity and Performance.--The Secretary must estimate
the number and kind of computer systems that would damage the
objectives of the export controls.
(C) Availability to Controlled Destinations.--The Secretary
must look at how widely available the controlled computers,
software and other computer equipment are:
(i) from uncontrolled sources. This means from companies
outside of countries that are part of CoCom or other
multilateral regimes.
(ii) because of actual or potential diversion. This means
diversion of goods from their intended destination as well as
transmission of software over international telephone lines.
(iii) as a result of a license granted by another country.
This means instances where another country has granted a
license for shipment, or has unilaterally decontrolled a
certain good or technology, or permits shipments without
prior approval.
(iv) as a result of indigenous production. This means those
instances where a controlled country has developed the
technology.
(v) as a result of regulations permitting shipment of items
with minimal U.S. content value. This means exports that are
allowed because they have a minimal amount of U.S. parts.
(5) Economic Impact.--The Secretary must look at the impact
of controls on exporting companies, including lost sales,
loss in market share, and administrative overhead.
(3) Increase in Thresholds.--Based on the findings of the
review, the Secretary shall make the appropriate increases in
control thresholds for goods eligible for delivery under:
(A) a distribution license,
(B) a general license,
(C) performance levels defining a supercomputer,
(D) a validated license.
(4) Default Provisions.--If the review is not completed on
an annual basis, then the computer control thresholds will
automatically double, effective 90 days from the date that
the review should have been completed.
(5) Report.--The Secretary must transmit to Congress a
report on the findings of the review.
(6) Hearings.--The Secretary must conduct public hearings
on an annual basis to collect information for the annual
review.
Section 3. De minimis decontrol of computer systems
(1) In General.--Computers having a net value of less than
$5,000 will not require a validated license for export or
reexport.
(2) Definition of Net Value.--``Net value'' means the
actual selling price of the computer, less transport charges
to the customer abroad, or the current market price of the
computer to the same type of customer.
(3) No Quantity Limit.--There is no limit on the number of
computers worth less than $5,000 that can be exported or
reexported without a validated license.
Section 4. Decontrol of mass-market computer equipment
(1) Mass-Market Computer Equipment Defined.--``Mass market
computer equipment'' is defined as any computer system,
computer networking equipment, peripheral to a computer
system, or combination thereof that has 100,000 units
installed outside the United States over a 12-month period.
(2) Anticipatory Review of Mass-Market Computer
Equipment.--On an annual basis, the Secretary shall identify
the computers and computer equipment that, in the next 12
months, will have 100,000 units installed outside the United
States.
(3) Action by the Secretary.--If a computer is deemed to be
a ``mass market computer,'' the Secretary shall eliminate the
controls, or propose the elimination of controls on equipment
if the item is controlled under the terms of a multilateral
export control regime.
Section 5. Identification of proliferation end-users
(1) Proliferation Enduser Defined.--A ``proliferation
enduser'' means any entity that is engaged, directly or
indirectly, in the design, development or production of
nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons or missiles and is
located in a country that is not party to a bilateral or
multilateral agreement to limit the spread of weapons.
(2) Publication of Proliferation Endusers.--The Secretary
shall publish in the Federal Register the names of any party
that has been identified to an exporter as a proliferation
end-user.
______
By Mr. DASCHLE (for himself, Mr. Bingaman, Mr. Campbell, Ms.
Moseley-Braun, Mr. Murkowski, Mr. Wofford, Mr. Inouye, Mrs.
Murray, Mr. DeConcini, Mr. Stevens, Mr. Rockefeller, Mr. Reid,
Mr. Thurmond, and Mr. Hatch):
S. 1821. A bill to amend the Public Health Service Act to provide a
comprehensive program for the prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome, and
for other purposes; to the Committee on Labor and Human Resources.
the comprehensive fetal alcohol syndrome prevention act
Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, today I am reintroducing the
Comprehensive Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Act, a bill that will
enhance the national effort to eliminate this tragic disease. Fetal
alcohol syndrome [FAS] and a related condition known as fetal alcohol
effect [FAE] constitute the leading cause of mental retardation in the
United States today. The tragedy of FAS/FAE is that both are completely
preventable simply by abstaining from the consumption of alcohol during
pregnancy.
Unfortunately, many people do not realize the dangers of drinking
while pregnant. The Office for Substance Abuse Prevention estimates
that as many as 66 percent of all women drink while they are pregnant,
endangering their infants' health and putting them at risk of being
born with FAS or FAE. The National Council on Alcoholism and Drug
Dependence reports that the number of women who believe it is safe to
consume up to three drinks per day while they are pregnant may be as
high as one-third.
Misconceptions about the impact of alcohol intake during pregnancy
are not limited to the general public. Even some health care providers
are unaware of the danger of drinking during pregnancy, and for many
years it was widely held that moderate alcohol consumption during
pregnancy was beneficial.
There are approximately 5,000 children born each year in the United
States with FAS. It is estimated that the incidence of FAS is as high
as 1 per 100 in some Native American communities. The Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention estimate that the lifetime cost of
treating an individual with FAS is almost $1.4 million. The total cost
in terms of health care and social services to treat all Americans with
FAS is close to $1.6 billion each year. This is an extraordinary and
unnecessary expense, given the fact that FAS is 100-percent
preventable.
The first step toward eliminating this devastating disease is raising
the public's consciousness about FAS/FAE. Although great strides have
been made in this regard, much more work remains to be done. The
Comprehensive Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Act would establish a
comprehensive program to prevent FAS/FAE across the Nation by filling
in the gaps in our current FAS/FAE prevention system. I am pleased that
several provisions of the original bill introduced at the beginning of
the 103d Congress have been put into place over the past year.
The measure I am reintroducing today contains four major components,
representing the provisions of the original legislation that have not
yet been enacted.
First, the Comprehensive Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Act would
initiate a coordinated education and public awareness campaign to be
conducted by a range of agencies under the Department of Health and
Human Services.
Second, it would support applied epidemiologic research into the
causes, treatment, and prevention of FAS/FAE. The bill would establish
grant programs to assist State, local, and tribal governments,
scientific and academic institutions, and other public entities in
their efforts in these two areas.
Third, the bill would provide for the development and implementation
of a plan to disseminate FAS/FAE diagnostic criteria, developed by the
Department of Health and Human Services, to health care and social
services providers and others who come into frequent contact with
children afflicted by this disease. Finally, it would establish an
interagency task force to coordinate the wide range of Federal efforts
in combating FAS/FAE.
Mr. President, FAS/FAE presents a national problem that reaches
across economic and social boundaries. The Comprehensive Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome Prevention Act has been endorsed by over 15 different
organizations, including the March of Dimes, the Child Welfare League,
and the American Academy of Family Physicians. The demand for a
comprehensive and determined response to the devastating problem of
FAS/FAE is clear. I am hopeful that, with widespread support, we can
enact this important legislation without delay.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be
printed in the Record.
There being no objection, the bill was ordered to be printed in the
Record, as follows:
S. 1821
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Comprehensive Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome Prevention Act''.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress finds that--
(1) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is the leading known cause of
mental retardation, and it is 100 percent preventable;
(2) each year, more than 5,000 infants are born in the
United States with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, suffering
irreversible physical and mental damage;
(3) 50,000 more infants are born each year with lesser,
though still serious, alcohol-related birth defects, known as
Fetal Alcohol Effects;
(4) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a national problem, it can
impact any child, family, or community, but its threat to
American Indians and Alaska Natives is especially alarming;
(5) in some American Indian communities, where alcohol
dependency rates reach 50 percent and above, the chances of a
newborn suffering Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Fetal Alcohol
Effects are 30 times greater than national averages;
(6) researchers have determined that the possibility of
giving birth to a baby with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Fetal
Alcohol Effects increases in proportion to the amount and
frequency of alcohol consumed by a pregnant woman, and that
stopping alcohol consumption at any point in the pregnancy
reduces the risks and the emotional, physical, and mental
consequences of alcohol exposure to the baby;
(7) in addition to the immeasurable toll on Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects children and their
families, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects
pose extraordinary financial costs to the Nation, including
the costs of health care, education, foster care, job
training, and general support services for affected
individuals;
(8) as a reliable comparison, delivery and care costs are
four times greater for infants who were exposed to illicit
substances than for infants with no indication of substance
exposure, and over a lifetime, health care costs for one
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome child are estimated, to be at least
$1,400,000; and
(9) we know of no safe dose of alcohol during pregnancy, or
of any safe time to drink during pregnancy, thus, it is in
the best interest of the Nation for the Federal Government to
take an active role in encouraging all women to abstain from
alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
SEC. 3. PURPOSE.
It is the purpose of this Act to establish, within the
Department of Health and Human Services, a comprehensive
program to help prevent Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal
Alcohol Effects nationwide. Such program shall--
(1) coordinate and support epidemiologic research
concerning Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects;
(2) coordinate and support national, State, and community-
based public awareness, prevention, and education programs on
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects; and
(3) foster coordination among all Federal agencies that
conduct or support Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol
Effects research, programs, and surveillance and otherwise
meet the general needs of populations actually or potentially
impacted by Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects.
SEC. 4. ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.
Part B of title V of the Public Health Service Act (42
U.S.C. 290bb et seq.) is amended by adding at the end thereof
the following new subpart:
``Subpart 4--Provisions Relating to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal
Alcohol Effects
``SEC. 520E. ESTABLISHMENT OF FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
PREVENTION PROGRAM.
``(a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration,
the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, the Indian Health Service, and other
relevant offices, shall establish a comprehensive program to
help prevent Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects
and coordinate Federal efforts to prevent Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects.
``(b) Elements of Program.--Under the program established
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish a program
that shall--
``(1) coordinate and support national and targeted public
awareness, prevention, and education programs on Fetal
Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects;
``(2) coordinate and support applied epidemiologic research
concerning Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects;
``(3) conduct and support basic research targeted to
developing data to improve prevention and treatment of Fetal
Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects;
``(4) develop a plan to disseminate diagnostic criteria to
health care and social services providers and carry out that
plan; and
``(5) establish an Inter-Agency Task Force on Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects, which shall be chaired by
the Associate Administrator for Alcohol Prevention and
Treatment of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration, and which shall include representatives from
all relevant agencies and offices within the Department of
Health and Human Services (including the Indian Health
Service) Department of Agriculture, Department of Education,
Department of Defense, Department of the Interior (including
the Bureau of Indian Affairs), Department of Justice, Bureau
of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, Federal Trade Commission,
and any other relevant Federal Agency.
``SEC. 520F. EDUCATION AND PUBLIC AWARENESS.
``The Secretary shall direct the appropriate agencies
within the Department of Health and Human Services to--
``(1) support, conduct and evaluate the effectiveness of--
``(A) training programs for health care providers,
educators, school-based health care providers, social
workers, child welfare workers and family members concerning
the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects;
``(B) prevention and education programs, including health
education, and school-based clinic programs, for school-age
children with respect to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal
Alcohol Effects; and
``(C) public and community awareness programs concerning
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects;
``(2) provide technical and consultative assistance to
States, Indian tribal governments, local governments, school-
based health care providers, scientific and academic
institutions, and non-profit organizations concerning the
programs referred to in paragraph (1); and
``(3) award grants to and enter into cooperative agreements
and contracts with States, Indian tribal governments, local
governments, scientific and academic institutions, entities
that fund school-based clinics, and non-profit organizations
for the purpose of--
``(A) enabling such entities to evaluate the effectiveness,
with particular emphasis on the cultural sensitivity and age-
appropriateness, of the prevention, education and community-
based public awareness programs referred to in paragraph (1);
``(B) enabling such entities to provide training to health
care providers, school nurses and other school health care
providers, including school-based clinic health care
providers, educators, family members, social workers, child
welfare workers, and others in the prevention, diagnosis and
treatment of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol
Effects;
``(C) educating children and youth, including pregnant and
high-risk youth, concerning such syndrome and effects with
priority given to those programs that are part of a
sequential, comprehensive school health education program;
and
``(D) increasing public and community awareness concerning
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects through
culturally sensitive projects, programs, and campaigns, and
improving the understanding of the general public and
targeted groups concerning the most effective methods for
intervening with friends and family to prevent fetal exposure
to alcohol.
``SEC. 520G. APPLIED EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH AND PREVENTION
PROGRAM.
``The Secretary shall direct the appropriate agencies
within the Department of Health and Human Services to--
``(1) conduct and support research on the causes,
mechanisms, diagnostic methods, and treatment and prevention
of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects;
``(2) provide technical and consultative assistance and
training to States, Indian tribal governments, local
governments, other public entities, scientific and academic
institutions, and non-profit organizations engaged in the
conduct of--
``(A) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome prevention and early
intervention programs; and
``(B) research relating to the causes, mechanisms,
diagnosis methods, treatment and prevention, of Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects; and
``(3) award grants to, and enter into cooperative
agreements and contracts with States, Indian tribal
governments, local governments, other public entities,
scientific and academic institutions, and non-profit
organizations to--
``(A) assist such entities in conducting innovative
demonstration and evaluation projects designed to determine
effective strategies, including community-based prevention
programs and multi-cultural education campaigns, for
preventing and intervening in fetal exposure to alcohol;
``(B) improve and coordinate the surveillance and ongoing
assessment methods implemented by such entities and the
Federal Government, with respect to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
and Fetal Alcohol Effects for the purpose of--
``(i) tracking progress toward achieving relevant Year 2000
Prevention Objectives, set forth by the Public Health Service
in the Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and
Disease Prevention Objectives;
``(ii) identifying successful, culturally sensitive
prevention efforts; and
``(iii) identifying children who have symptoms of Fetal
Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects and may need
special health, education, and support services;
``(C) develop and evaluate effective age-appropriate and
culturally-sensitive prevention programs for infants,
children, adolescents, and adults identified as being at-risk
of becoming chemically dependent on alcohol and associated
with or developing Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol
Effects; and
``(D) facilitate coordination and collaboration among
Federal, State, Tribal, and local Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
prevention programs.
``SEC. 520H. BASIC RESEARCH PROGRAM.
``The Secretary shall direct the appropriate agencies
within the Department of Health and Human Services to conduct
and support research on services research and effective
prevention treatments and interventions for pregnant alcohol
dependent women and individuals with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
and Fetal Alcohol Effects.
``SEC. 520I. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
AND FETAL ALCOHOL EFFECTS.
``Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of
this subpart, the Secretary shall direct the appropriate
agencies within the Department of Health and Human Services
to--
``(1) develop a plan for widely-disseminating the Fetal
Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects diagnostic criteria
developed by the Department of Health and Human Services
under the ADAMHA Reorganization Act (Public Law 102-321) to
health care providers, educators, social workers, child
welfare workers, and other individuals within 16 months of
such date of enactment; and
``(2) disseminate the criteria described in paragraph (1)
in accordance with the plan developed under paragraph (1).
``SEC. 520J. INTER-AGENCY TASK FORCE ON FETAL ALCOHOL
SYNDROME AND FETAL ALCOHOL EFFECTS.
``(a) Establishment.--Not later than 30 days after the date
of enactment of this subpart, the Secretary shall establish
an Inter-Agency Task Force on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and
Fetal Alcohol Effects to foster coordination among all
Federal agencies that conduct or support Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects research, programs, and
surveillance and otherwise meet the general needs of
populations actually or potentially impacted by Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects.
``(b) Membership.--The Task Force established under
subsection (a) shall--
``(1) be chaired by the Associate Administrator for Alcohol
Prevention and Treatment of the Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration and staffed by the
Administration; and
``(2) include representatives from all relevant agencies
and offices within the Department of Health and Human
Services, Department of Agriculture, Department of Education,
Department of Defense, Department of Interior, Department of
Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Federal
Trade Commission, and any other relevant Federal agency.
``(c) Functions.--The Task Force established under
subsection (a) shall--
``(1) coordinate all Federal programs and research
concerning Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Effects, and
other forms of maternal substance abuse, including those
programs--
``(A) targeting individuals, families, and populations
identified as being at risk of acquiring Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Effects, or other maternal substance
abuse; and
``(B) providing health, education, treatment, and social
services to infants, children, and adults with Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Effects, and other drug exposures and
their families; and
``(2) coordinate its efforts with existing Department of
Health and Human Services task forces on substance abuse
prevention and maternal and child health;
``(3) report on an annual basis to the Secretary and
relevant Committees of Congress on the current and planned
activities of the participating agencies.
``SEC. 520K. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS WITH RESPECT TO
GRANTS, COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS AND CONTRACTS.
``(a) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a grant,
cooperative agreement or contract under this subpart, an
entity shall--
``(1) be a State, Indian tribal government, local
government, entity that funds a school-based health clinic
scientific or academic institution or non-profit
organization;
``(2) prepare and submit to the Secretary an application at
such time, in such manner, and containing such information as
the Secretary may prescribe, including a description of the
activities that the entity intends to carry out using amounts
received under a grant, cooperative agreement, or contract;
and
``(3) provide assurances that amounts received under such
grants, cooperative agreements or contracts will be used in
accordance with this subpart.
``(b) Maintenance of Effort.--No grant, cooperative
agreement, or contract may be awarded to an entity under this
subpart unless the entity agrees to maintain the expenditures
of the entity for activities of the type for which the
amounts to be received under a grant, cooperative agreement,
or contract are to be used, at a level equal to not less than
the level of such expenditures maintained by the entity for
the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the
entity is applying to receive the grant, cooperative
agreement or contract.
``(c) Amounts in Lieu of Cash.--At the request of a
recipient of a grant, cooperative agreement, or contract
under this subpart, the Secretary may reduce the amount
provided under such grant, agreement, or contract by--
``(1) an amount equal to the fair market value of any
supplies or equipment furnished the recipient; and
``(2) an amount equal to the amount of the pay, allowances,
and travel expenses of any officer or employee of the Federal
Government which was detailed to the recipient and the amount
of any other cost incurred in connection with the detail of
such officer or employee.
``SEC. 520L. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
``There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this
subpart, such sums as are necessary for each of the fiscal
years 1994 through 1997.''.
Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I am pleased today to join my
good friend and distinguished colleague, Senator Daschle, in
reintroducing the Comprehensive Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Act.
Through this legislation, we are proposing a comprehensive,
coordinated, national effort to prevent one of the leading causes of
birth defects in this country: Fetal alcohol syndrome.
The need for this legislation is well documented, and the time for
action is long overdue. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome [FAS] is this Nation's
primary known cause of mental retardation, and it is completely
preventable. According to a report issued last summer by the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of reported FAS cases
has tripled over the past decade. The CDC reports that in 1992, nearly
4 infants--possibly more--out of every 10,000 births were born with
FAS, suffering irreversible physical and mental harm. In 1979, the
first year CDC collected information on the incidence of Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome, it estimated the number of reported FAS cases at only one per
10,000 births.
Adding to the extent of the problem are estimates which indicate that
each year 10,000 to 12,000 infants are born with lesser, though still
serious, alcohol-related birth defects known as fetal alcohol effects
[FAE].
In my home State of New Mexico, the number of infants born with FAS
has exceeded the national average for a number of years. Each year,
more than 36 babies are born in New Mexico with FAS, and more than 80
are born with FAE. Some experts believe our FAS rate has been
consistently higher than the national average because our doctors, who
have benefited from a significant amount of State-based FAS research,
are more familiar with its signs and symptoms.
If this is true, then nationally the number of FAS and FAE births
could be higher than today's estimates. In fact, the CDC believes this
to be the case. According to Dr. David Erickson, the chief of the CDC's
birth defects and genetic diseases branch, the new CDC count--which we
need to remember is a threefold increase over the 1979 estimate--
probably is a substantial undercount. It is an undercount for a number
of reasons, but chief among them is undoubtedly lack of awareness.
Although the exact number of infants and families impacted by FAS and
FAE is not entirely certain, there is no question that fetal alcohol
syndrome is a national problem. It can impact any child, any family,
and any community. But I am especially troubled about the threat FAS
poses to the Navajo, Apache, and Pueblo children and families in New
Mexico, and to American Indians throughout the Nation.
New Mexico health officials estimate that the combined FAS rate for
our State's 22 Indian tribes is 2 to 5 times that the national average.
According to the Indian Health Service, the prevalence of FAS is
significantly higher among American Indians and Alaska Natives than
nationally. I have been told that in some American Indian and Alaska
Native communities, as many as 1 in 4 newborns may be affected by FAS
or FAE.
Mr. President, the real tragedy of fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal
alcohol effects is that both are completely preventable. Not one more
infant would be born with FAS or FAE if every pregnancy was an alcohol-
free pregnancy. If we could get the message out that alcohol and
pregnancy do not mix, if we could explain the compelling need for every
mother to stay away from alcoholic beverages while she is pregnant,
then we could eliminate this disease. The key is prevention through
education.
Prevention through education is the cornerstone of the Comprehensive
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Act. As I mentioned earlier, this
bill will create a comprehensive, coordinated program within the
Department of Health and Human Services to help prevent FAS and FAE.
Specifically, this bill:
Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to:
Coordinate and support national and targeted public awareness,
prevention, and education programs on FAS-FAE;
Coordinate and support basic and applied epidemiologic research on
FAS-FAE;
Assist in establishing and conducting nationwide FAS-FAE surveillance
programs;
Convene a panel of national experts to develop diagnostic criteria
for FAE; and
Focus efforts on the needs of at-risk populations, and American
Indians and Alaska Natives in particular.
Establishes an Inter-Agency Task Force on FAS-FAE:
To coordinate all Federal agencies that conduct or support FAS-FAE
research, programs, and surveillance or otherwise meet the general
needs of populations actually or potentially impacted by FAS-FAE; and
To prepare an annual report to the Congress on FAS-FAE research and
prevention efforts.
The task force will be chaired by the Associate Administrator for
Alcohol Prevention and Treatment of the Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration [SAMHSA];
Members will include all relevant agencies and offices within the
Departments of Health and Human Services, Agriculture, Education,
Defense, Interior, and Justice; the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and
Firearms; the Federal Trade Commission, and all other relevant
departments and agencies.
Mr. President, each one of the provisions I have listed is needed.
But perhaps most important, the new DHHS program this bill authorizes
will help develop national and targeted campaigns to increase public
awareness of the symptoms and impact for preventing FAS and FAE. The
central focus of every campaign will be clear, effective, and
culturally sensitive methods and messages for FAS and FAE prevention.
Initially, Federal efforts will focus on the needs of at-risk
populations, and in particular, American Indians and Alaska Natives.
I urge my colleagues to study this legislation and lend it their
support. As I mentioned earlier, FAS knows no boundaries. It can--and
does--impact children and families in every State in this country. It
is a problem so pervasive, yet so readily preventable, that it requires
a broad-based, concerted, and coordinated effort for elimination.
Existing FAS-FAE prevention programs need increased funding, and we
need to work to make this happen. But money alone is not the answer. We
need a firm commitment from the Federal Government, the States, local
governments, Indian tribes, schools, community-based organizations, and
families to assume responsibility and work together, in a coordinated
manner, for the benefit of our children. If we have this commitment, we
can improve the quality of life for children already afflicted with
FAS, and we can put an end to this terrible--and 100-percent
preventable--disease.
____________________