[Senate Prints 116-13]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


116th Congress}                                            { S. Prt. 12                                
 1st Session  }              COMMITTEE PRINT		   { 116-13

======================================================================

                         CONCURRENT RESOLUTION
                             ON THE BUDGET
                            FISCAL YEAR 2020

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                            COMMITTEE PRINT

                              TO ACCOMPANY

                            S. CON. RES. 12

                             TOGETHER WITH

                  ADDITIONAL VIEWS AND MINORITY VIEWS

                        COMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET
                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                       Michael B. Enzi, Chairman
                       
                       
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                             April 2019

Prepared for the use of the Committee on the Budget. This document has 
 not been officially approved by the Committee and may not reflect the 
                         views of its members.
                                     
                                     
                              __________
                               

                    U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
35-701                         WASHINGTON : 2019                     
          
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116th Congress}                                            { S. Prt. 12                                
 1st Session  }              COMMITTEE PRINT		   { 116-13

======================================================================
 
                         CONCURRENT RESOLUTION

                             ON THE BUDGET

                            FISCAL YEAR 2020

                               __________

                            COMMITTEE PRINT

                              TO ACCOMPANY

                            S. CON. RES. 12

                             TOGETHER WITH

                  ADDITIONAL VIEWS AND MINORITY VIEWS

                        COMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET

                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                       Michael B. Enzi, Chairman

          
        
[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]        

                             April 2019

Prepared for the use of the Committee on the Budget. This document has 
 not been officially approved by the Committee and may not reflect the 
                         views of its members.
                         
                         
                              __________
                               

                    U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
35-701                      WASHINGTON : 2019                     
          
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                        COMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET

                   MICHAEL B. ENZI, Wyoming, Chairman
CHARLES E. GRASSLEY, Iowa            BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont
MIKE CRAPO, Idaho                    PATTY MURRAY, Washington
LINDSEY O. GRAHAM, South Carolina    RON WYDEN, Oregon
PATRICK TOOMEY, Pennsylvania         DEBBIE STABENOW, Michigan
RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin               SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island
DAVID A. PERDUE, Georgia             MARK R. WARNER, Virginia
MIKE BRAUN, Indiana                  JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon
RICK SCOTT, Florida                  TIM KAINE, Virginia
JOHN KENNEDY, Louisiana              CHRIS VAN HOLLEN, Maryland
KEVIN CRAMER, North Dakota           KAMALA D. HARRIS, California
             Elizabeth McDonnell, Republican Staff Director
                Warren Gunnels, Minority Staff Director
                            
                            
                            
                            C O N T E N T S

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                                                                   Page
I. Overview......................................................     1
II. Resolution Levels............................................     9
III. Reconciliation and Enforcement..............................    25
IV. Economics....................................................    29
V. Reserve Funds.................................................    35
VI. Summary Tables...............................................    37
VII. Committee Votes.............................................    51
VIII. Views and Estimates........................................    63
IX. Additional and Minority Views................................   271
                                
                                
                                
                                OVERVIEW

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        Fiscal Year 2020 Budget: Strengthening America's Future

    An important first step in strengthening America's future 
must be a budget that reduces overspending and puts our Nation 
on a more sustainable fiscal path.

    The American economy is the strongest it has been in years. 
Buoyed by regulatory relief and the most sweeping reform of the 
tax code in more than 30 years, last year saw faster growth, 
more jobs, and higher paychecks for millions of American 
families. But this economic prosperity is in jeopardy if 
nothing is done to address the Federal Government's 
unsustainable overspending.
    In its January 2019 report, The Budget and Economic 
Outlook: 2019 to 2029, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) 
projects that annual deficits will exceed $1 trillion by fiscal 
year 2022 and continue growing thereafter. Cumulative deficits 
will amount to more than $5.2 trillion over the next 5 years 
and $11.6 trillion from fiscal years 2020 to 2029.
    Continued overspending and growing deficits will expand our 
already high Federal debt to even more dangerous levels. 
Federal debt held by the public is set to increase from 78 
percent of gross domestic product (GDP) this year to 86 percent 
by 2024 and 93 percent by 2029. By 2036, debt held by the 
public will exceed its all-time high of 106.1 percent of GDP, 
and unless Congress changes course, it will only continue to 
rise.
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CONSEQUENCES OF INACTION
    Deficits matter. Economic uncertainty abroad and other 
transitory factors have kept interest rates on Federal debt 
relatively low, but Washington cannot continue to borrow and 
spend with impunity. CBO's recent Budget and Economic Outlook 
outlines some of the consequences of leaving growing deficits 
and debt unchecked:
          Interest payments on the national debt would 
        increase substantially and consume a greater share of 
        the Federal budget;
          Greater Federal borrowing would crowd out 
        private investment, resulting in a smaller capital 
        stock, lower productivity, and reduced wages;
          The Federal Government would have less 
        flexibility in responding to unexpected challenges and 
        emergencies; and
          The likelihood of a sudden fiscal crisis in 
        the United States would increase.
    Despite decades of consensus on the dangers posed by ever-
growing deficits and debt, some in Congress have embraced a 
radical fringe theory that suggests overspending does not 
matter for countries that can simply print more money, an idea 
that former Clinton Treasury Secretary and Obama economic 
adviser Lawrence Summers derided as ``fallacious at multiple 
levels,'' and that Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell 
called ``just wrong.'' \1,\ \2\ In a recent survey of prominent 
economists that included several former Obama Administration 
officials and left-leaning academics as well, not a single one 
agreed with this line of reasoning. \3\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ Lawrence H. Summers, ``The Left's Embrace of Modern Monetary 
Theory is a Recipe for Disaster,'' Washington Post, March 4, 2019. 
https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-lefts-embrace-of-modern-
monetary-theory-is-a-recipe-for-disaster/2019/03/04/6ad88eec-3ea4-11e9-
9361-301ffb5bd5e6--story.html?utm--term=.a7fd067a02d0
    \2\ Jerome H. Powell, testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on 
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, February 26, 2019.
    \3\ University of Chicago Booth School IGM Forum, ``Modern Monetary 
Theory,'' March 13, 2019. http://www.igmchicago.org/surveys/modern-
monetary-theory
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THE CAUSES OF OUR FISCAL CHALLENGES
    Our ballooning debt and deficits are the result of 
Washington's chronic addiction to spending. For the last 50 
years, Federal outlays have averaged 20.3 percent of GDP. 
Adjusted for timing shifts, they are expected to grow from 20.8 
percent of GDP in 2019 to 23.0 percent in 2029. By 2049, CBO 
currently projects annual Federal spending will equal 28.9 
percent of GDP, or $19.5 trillion every year.
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    The key driver of this growth is mandatory spending 
(spending on programs not controlled through the annual 
appropriations process). Along with the interest costs the 
government incurs from living beyond its means, this autopilot 
spending makes up 70 percent of all Federal outlays, up from 36 
percent 50 years ago. By 2029, nearly 80 cents of every dollar 
the government spends will be on mandatory programs and 
interest on the debt.
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    Many of the largest mandatory programs are funded entirely 
through general revenues, and even those with a dedicated 
source of financing usually spend more than they collect in 
receipts each year. When such gaps do exist, the difference is 
a draw on general revenues and a net contribution to the 
Federal deficit. \4\
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    \4\ See Table 1-4 in CBO, The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2019 to 
2029. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/54918
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    Mandatory spending has risen from about 5.5 percent of GDP 
in 1969 to 12.7 percent in 2019, and CBO projects it will reach 
15.1 percent of GDP by 2029 (adjusted for timing shifts). This 
growth reflects a combination of demographic changes, real 
benefit increases, expansions in eligibility, and the creation 
of new entitlement programs like Obamacare.
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    For decades, nonpartisan authorities like CBO and the 
Government Accountability Office (GAO) have warned that sharply 
rising mandatory spending would drive deficits and debt to 
unsustainable levels. \5\ Even when the Federal budget was in 
surplus in the late 1990s and early 2000s, these experts 
cautioned lawmakers that the projected explosion in such 
spending would cause the return of endless Federal borrowing. 
In February 2001, the head of GAO testified before the Senate 
Budget Committee that ``Without a change in entitlement 
programs, demographics will overwhelm the surplus and drive us 
back into escalating deficits and debt.'' \6\ Those warnings, 
however, went unheeded, and spending on such programs has 
skyrocketed as members of the Baby Boom generation become 
eligible for benefits at a rate of about 10,000 every day.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\  See for example Congressional Budget Office, The Long-Term 
Budget Outlook, October 2000. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/12749
    \6\  David M. Walker, testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on 
the Budget, February 6, 2001. https://www.gao.gov/new.items/d01385t.pdf
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FISCAL YEAR 2020 SENATE RESOLUTION
    The Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Resolution is a 5-year deficit 
reduction plan that acknowledges the fiscal realities facing 
our country and takes a critical first step toward reining in 
the growth of government spending and putting the Federal 
budget on a more sustainable fiscal path. This budget does not 
presume to solve all of our shared fiscal challenges. Rather, 
it is intended to start a gradual process of addressing our 
unsustainable deficits and debt.
FISCAL YEAR 2020 RESOLUTION, DEFICITS, AND DEBT
    This budget prevents the trillion dollar-plus annual 
deficits that are otherwise set to appear starting in 2022 and 
instead puts deficits on a downward path, both as a percent of 
the economy and in nominal dollars. Unified budget deficits 
under the resolution fall to $747.9 billion in fiscal 2024, or 
$343.3 billion below CBO baseline levels ($239.4 billion 
compared to the Senate Budget Committee (SBC) baseline, which 
does not include extrapolated cap-exempt spending and the 
associated debt service costs). Over the entire 5-year period, 
cumulative deficits are $937.5 billion below CBO baseline 
levels and $538.4 billion below SBC baseline levels.
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    Measured as a percentage of GDP, unified deficits under the 
resolution fall from 4.2 percent in 2019 to their 50-year 
historical average of 2.9 percent of GDP in 2024. As a result, 
publicly held debt would stabilize at 82.6 percent of GDP by 
the end of the projection period rather than continue rising.
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    On an on-budget basis, deficits under the resolution will 
fall from 4.2 percent in 2019 to 2.3 percent of GDP in 2024. A 
significant improvement from the 50-year historical average of 
3.5 percent of GDP.
FISCAL YEAR 2020 RESOLUTION MANDATORY SPENDING
    The resolution reflects the belief that all committees 
should examine their spending portfolios to right-size 
programs, curb autopilot spending, and make common-sense 
reforms to program finances to ensure accountability for how 
taxpayer dollars are spent. Budget resolutions do not 
effectuate policy outcomes and are not signed into law. 
Instead, they establish enforceable fiscal targets for 
Congress's tax and spending committees to reach. As required by 
the Congressional Budget Act, spending figures in the 
resolution are allocated to individual budget functions, which 
are portfolios of similarly purposed accounts, not individual 
programs. The Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Resolution would reduce 
non-interest mandatory spending by $551 billion over the next 5 
years.
    The resolution does not make any changes to Social 
Security, which is classified as an off-budget account.
    The spending targets of this budget are discussed in the 
Resolution Levels portion of this report.
FISCAL YEAR 2020 RESOLUTION DISCRETIONARY SPENDING
    Since enactment of the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA), 
Congress has passed a series of 2-year deals to raise the BCA's 
discretionary spending caps. The most recent--the Bipartisan 
Budget Act of 2018--raised the discretionary limits for fiscal 
years 2018 and 2019, creating a $126 billion spending cliff 
between fiscal years 2019 and 2020.
    The Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Resolution adheres to the BCA 
levels for fiscal years 2020 and 2021, as mandated by statute. 
In the remaining 3 years of the resolution's window, defense 
spending grows by inflation from the ``pre-sequester'' fiscal 
year 2021 level and nondefense spending is held constant at the 
fiscal year 2021 level. In acknowledgement of the history of 
past caps agreements, however, the fiscal year 2020 resolution 
provides a mechanism for discretionary spending levels to be 
adjusted if an agreement is reached to revise the levels for 
fiscal years 2020 and 2021. The resolution calls for this cap 
agreement to be fully offset and is mindful of the fact that 
with the expiration of the discretionary caps at the end of 
Fiscal Year 2021, future budgetary talks could be based off of 
projections that are unbound by statutory limits.
    In keeping with the approach taken in previous resolutions, 
the Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Resolution does not make program-
specific discretionary assumptions for spending constrained by 
the BCA's caps. The resolution recognizes the Appropriations 
Committee's unique sub-allocation process created under the 
Congressional Budget Act. The Budget Committee, however, 
believes that the Appropriations Committee should be mindful of 
programs that have been highlighted by GAO as being 
duplicative, overlapping, or fragmented, and also consider 
CBO's findings that at least $307 billion in discretionary 
funding was provided to programs in fiscal year 2019 that 
lacked an authorization of funds.
    In addition to discretionary funding constrained by the 
statutory limits, the resolution also includes funding for cap 
adjustments, as established by the BCA, and other irregular 
discretionary spending. The resolution includes 2 years of 
funding for wildfire suppression, disaster relief, and overseas 
contingency operations (OCO) cap adjustments. The resolution 
also fully funds the 21st Century Cures Act, which is not 
constrained by the caps but receives special accounting 
treatment under its authorizing statute. OCO levels in the 
resolution for fiscal years 2020 ($67 billion) and 2021 ($63 
billion) are consistent with the ``traditional'' amounts of OCO 
requested in the President's budget.
    The spending targets of this budget are discussed in the 
Resolution Levels portion of this report.
FISCAL YEAR 2020 RESOLUTION REVENUE
    The resolution calls for $176 billion in increased revenue 
over the next 5 years. The resolution assumes about half of 
these receipts could be received as part of an effort to make 
the Highway Trust Fund solvent, though policy decisions would 
be left up to the Finance Committee. This assumption is based 
on an overarching user-pay principle to prevent the need for 
additional general fund transfers into the Fund. The resolution 
further assumes the remaining revenue changes could be 
generated by increasing Federal employee retirement 
contributions and increases in receipts stemming from changes 
to other mandatory and regulatory programs.
RECONCILIATION, RESERVE FUNDS, AND ENFORCEMENT
    The resolution includes numerous provisions that will allow 
Congress to start the process of reducing deficits, pass 
responsible legislation to fund priorities, and curtail 
budgetary gimmicks. Details of these provisions can be found in 
the Reconciliation and Enforcement and Reserve Funds portions 
of this report.

                               CONCLUSION

    Ignoring our fiscal problems is not a solution. Only by 
controlling spending can lawmakers hope to put the country on a 
more stable fiscal path and avoid a future of rising debt, high 
taxes, and slow growth. The need to put our fiscal house in 
order has been acknowledged by both parties, and it is time for 
us to work together to put our Nation on a sustainable course. 
The Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Resolution is a reasonable first 
step in that direction.

                           RESOLUTION LEVELS

                              ----------                              


                 Budget Function 050: NATIONAL DEFENSE

    The National Security function includes funds to develop, 
maintain, and equip the military forces of the United States. 
Historically, about 95 percent of these funds go to Department 
of Defense military activities, with remaining funding 
dedicated to atomic energy defense activities within the 
Department of Energy and other defense-related activities.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $586.8 billion in budget authority and $620.2 billion 
in outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $576.2 
billion, with $609.8 billion in related outlays. Mandatory 
spending is $10.6 billion in budget authority and $10.4 billion 
in outlays. Over 5 years, budget authority totals $3,250.4 
billion, with $3,203.3 billion in outlays, a divergence of 
$129.1 billion from baseline levels.
    This resolution focuses on improving fiscal stability and 
providing a foundation for effective, efficient, and more 
predictable defense planning and management. The resolution 
allocates as much base Pentagon funding as possible under 
current law and includes mechanisms to accommodate an 
adjustment of the statutory caps.
    This resolution calls on the Pentagon and Congress to work 
together to combat wasteful spending, ensure funding aligns 
with the goals outlined in the National Defense Strategy, and 
remain cognizant of the long-term costs and benefits of various 
budgetary decisions. The department should pursue fundamental 
reforms in its organization, business operations, work force 
management, compensation structure, and information technology 
strategy--all of which have been goals of congressional defense 
leaders. The current administration has also pledged to 
increase efficiency and accountability to better steward 
taxpayer dollars, making both Congress and the executive 
willing partners in this critical endeavor.
    Recently the Senate Armed Services Committee has promoted 
reforms, including streamlining the acquisition system; 
updating departmental organization for a new era; rationalizing 
the Defense Department work force; modernizing the department's 
business operations; and overseeing a financial audit of the 
department. This resolution is supportive of those efforts to 
reform the department and restore taxpayer trust.

               Budget Function 150: INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

    The International Affairs function contains spending on 
international humanitarian, development, and security 
assistance; the conduct of foreign affairs; foreign information 
and exchange activities; and international financial programs. 
The funding supports operations at major agencies including the 
Departments of State, Treasury, and Agriculture; the U.S. 
Agency for International Development (USAID); and the 
Millennium Challenge Corporation.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $48.5 billion in budget authority and $46.3 billion 
in outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $45.1 
billion, with $48.2 billion in related outlays. Mandatory 
spending is $3.5 billion in budget authority and $-2.0 billion 
in outlays. Over 5 years, budget authority totals $240.4 
billion, with $227.1 billion in outlays, and no divergence from 
baseline levels.
    This budget resolution supports the Department of State, 
USAID, and other international programs that conduct diplomacy, 
promote American values abroad, advance the development of 
democratic societies, protect human rights, and improve global 
health. The level of funding in the budget resolution is close 
to average spending for international affairs in the post-9/11 
era.
    Bipartisan coalitions and independent analysts agree the 
State Department's organizational and management structure 
needs revision to refine the department's functions, reduce 
duplication, and ensure programs are working toward shared 
goals. Regional bureaus, development assistance, public 
diplomacy, and U.S. contributions to international 
organizations need reevaluation to ensure each program aligns 
with U.S. foreign policy goals and performs its mission 
efficiently and effectively.
    This budget supports the efforts of the Senate Foreign 
Relations Committee, as the committee of jurisdiction, to 
approve a new authorization bill for the department and related 
agencies.

              Budget Function 250: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

    The Science and Technology function includes the National 
Science Foundation, programs other than aviation programs at 
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and 
general science programs at the Department of Energy.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $35.3 billion in budget authority and $34.4 billion 
in outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $35.1 
billion, with $34.2 billion in related outlays. Mandatory 
spending is $0.2 billion in budget authority and $0.1 billion 
in outlays. Over 5 years, budget authority totals $184.3 
billion, with $180.8 billion in outlays, and no divergence from 
baseline levels.
    This function largely consists of Federal discretionary 
spending supporting NASA, the National Science Foundation, and 
the Department of Energy's Office of Science's core missions. 
As with all areas of Federal spending, programs funded under 
this portion of the budget can be improved.
    According to GAO, areas for reform include NASA's 
acquisition management, which remains on the agency's high-risk 
list. In particular, GAO noted the need for NASA to be more 
transparent with program costs, implement recommendations 
related to the long-term costs of human exploration programs, 
and implement the agency's recently updated corrective action 
plan. GAO also recommends that NASA, the Department of Energy, 
the Department of Health and Human Services, and the National 
Science Foundation better coordinate their research activities.
    To that end, the interagency working group created by the 
American Innovation and Competitiveness Act, which was enacted 
in January 2017, recently released its first annual report on 
better coordination of scientific research, including improved 
administration and oversight of agency research grant-making 
processes. The interagency working group should focus on 
enhancing science and technology program efficiency and 
maximizing the benefit of Federal investments. This budget 
remains supportive of those efforts and the role of appropriate 
Senate committees to review related programs for improvement.

                      Budget Function 270: ENERGY

    The Energy function concerns the production, development, 
and use of energy for the country. This function contains 
civilian energy programs at agencies including the Departments 
of Energy and Agriculture, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the 
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, and the Nuclear 
Regulatory Commission.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $-1.4 billion in budget authority and $2.2 billion in 
outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $7.1 billion, 
with $6.6 billion in related outlays. Mandatory spending is $-
8.5 billion in budget authority and $-4.3 billion in outlays. 
Over 5 years, budget authority totals $15.2 billion, with $14.0 
billion in outlays. This marks a divergence of $6.9 billion 
from baseline levels.
    Federal energy agencies should promote abundant and secure 
American energy resources, while supporting the Nation's 
financial security and stability. Additionally, taxpayer 
investments should be dedicated to key mission areas, including 
basic scientific research, energy innovation and cybersecurity, 
and nuclear waste and environmental cleanup.
    The U.S. Energy Information Administration estimates that 
next year the United States will become a net exporter of 
energy for the first time since 1953. This historic landmark 
exemplifies the need to focus on the utilization and promotion 
of current energy supplies and assets, rather than picking 
winners and losers in energy markets.
    This budget supports the work of the committees of 
jurisdiction as they consider policies to improve Federal 
energy programs. In recent years, programs related to the 
commercialization of energy technology have expanded beyond the 
Energy Department's mission to serve as a catalyst of basic 
research and development. Federal loan and loan-guarantee 
programs to subsidize early commercial development of certain 
technologies have cost taxpayers hundreds of millions of 
dollars when products have proven uncompetitive in the open 
market. The resolution allows a renewed focus on the 
department's historic strength: early-stage scientific research 
and development. Later-stage development, adoption, and 
deployment of technologies can return to the private sector.
    The budget resolution also supports authorizing committees 
as they continue to evaluate opportunities to eliminate 
wasteful or duplicative programs in their jurisdiction.

         Budget Function 300: NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT

    The Natural Resources and Environment function focuses on 
the management, development, and maintenance of the Nation's 
natural heritage. This function includes conservation of land 
and water resources; development of water power and 
transportation infrastructure; and agencies and resources 
associated with the management and regulation of pollution, 
public and recreational lands, and natural resources.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $45.2 billion in budget authority and $46.6 billion 
in outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $43.2 
billion, with $43.6 billion in related outlays. Mandatory 
spending is $2.0 billion in budget authority and $3.0 billion 
in outlays. Over 5 years, budget authority totals $229.2 
billion, with $231.7 billion in outlays. This marks a 
divergence of $5.0 billion from baseline levels.
    The Federal Government owns roughly 640 million acres of 
land in the United States and manages nearly 2.4 billion acres 
of onshore and offshore subsurface minerals, according to the 
Congressional Research Service. Much of that land is 
disproportionately concentrated in Western States where the 
government owns roughly 46.4 percent of land, compared to just 
4.2 percent of land in Eastern States. Rural communities across 
the West depend on these lands for a variety of purposes 
including recreation, conservation, hunting, fishing, grazing, 
and timber harvesting.
    The agencies tasked with managing these lands, including 
the Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Fish 
and Wildlife Service, and National Park Service, face 
unprecedented challenges. The National Park Service's deferred 
maintenance backlog totals nearly $12 billion, and 
deteriorating infrastructure at some of the Nation's most 
iconic sites has hindered visitor experiences and public 
access. Our National Forests have become fire-, insect-, and 
disease-prone due to a lack of active management, and 
catastrophic wildfires now burn an average of 6.9 million 
Federal acres annually.
    In light of these challenges, the budget resolution 
promotes sound stewardship of our Nation's lands and resources 
while allowing committees of jurisdiction to pursue 
opportunities that achieve savings for taxpayers. The budget 
supports efforts by Congress and this administration that have 
opened up new lands for energy production and that have reduced 
regulatory burdens that discouraged multiple use during the 
previous administration. In particular, the budget supports 
recent improvement in Federal financing of wildfire suppression 
and encourages authorizing committees to continue to review 
timber production on Federal lands and forest management 
reforms focused on wildfire prevention.

                    Budget Function 350: AGRICULTURE

    The Agriculture function includes the Department of 
Agriculture and the Farm Credit Administration, and only deals 
with programs concerned with agricultural production.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $17.9 billion in budget authority and $17.7 billion 
in outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $6.7 billion, 
with $6.4 billion in related outlays. Mandatory spending is 
$11.2 billion in budget authority and $11.3 billion in outlays. 
Over 5 years, budget authority totals $99.8 billion, with $96.1 
billion in outlays. This marks a divergence of $9.7 billion 
from baseline levels.
    While the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Economic 
Research Service projects that net farm income will increase by 
10 percent this year, net farm incomes remains well below the 
historical average from 2000 to 2017. The budget resolution 
supports efforts to strengthen rural farm economies and ensure 
the farm safety net is working for the average, hardworking 
farming operation.
    The budget resolution supports the implementation of the 
2018 Farm Bill, while also providing opportunities for the 
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee to further 
streamline programs and identify wasteful, duplicative, or 
fraudulent spending. For example, in 2018, GAO reported that 
the Federal Government paid $3,708,108 to a single farming 
operation that claimed 34 members spread out across 32 
corporations and two individuals. When analyzing the fifty 
farming operations that received the highest amount of 
payments, GAO found these operations received an average of 
$884,495 from the Federal Government.

            Budget Function 370: COMMERCE AND HOUSING CREDIT

    The Commerce and Housing Credit function includes the 
regulation and promotion of commerce and certain housing 
policies and agencies. Agencies concerned with the economy as a 
whole fall under this function. In addition, general-purpose 
subsidies and credit subsidies are recorded here.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $11.1 billion in budget authority and $5.2 billion in 
outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $-0.9 billion, 
with $-0.5 billion in related outlays. Mandatory spending is 
$11.9 billion in budget authority and $5.7 billion in outlays. 
Over 5 years, budget authority totals $47.5 billion, with $6.8 
billion in outlays. This marks a divergence of $41.1 billion 
from baseline levels. These figures reflect the combined on- 
and off-budget amounts associated with this function.
    The budget resolution supports efforts by committees of 
jurisdiction to reform a housing system that exposes taxpayer 
dollars to undue risk into one that provides productive 
support. Under the previous administration, Federal bureaucrats 
gained excessive authority over the market, which impeded 
private-sector economic growth and job creation. The Federal 
Government should retain regulation that reduces systemic risk 
and helps to prevent another financial crisis, and remove over-
regulation that places a costly burden on the U.S. economy and 
American workers.
    In June 2017,GAO noted that absent modernization, ``the 
Federal role in housing finance is one of the highest risks 
facing the Government.'' Congress has a duty to ensure that any 
reform proposals ``protect taxpayers from absorbing avoidable 
losses to the maximum extent possible.'' This budget supports 
efforts to protect taxpayers by reducing that Federal role and 
eliminating any overlap, duplication, and fraud across all 
Federal Government programs.

                  Budget Function 400: TRANSPORTATION

    The Transportation function focuses on aid and regulation 
for ground transportation, including roads and highways, 
railroads, and urban mass transit; air transportation, 
including aeronautical research conducted by NASA; and maritime 
commerce. The major agencies included in this function are the 
Department of Transportation, including the Federal Aviation 
Administration, the Federal Highway Administration, the Federal 
Transit Administration, and the Maritime Administration; the 
Department of Homeland Security, including the Transportation 
Security Administration, the United States Coast Guard, and the 
Federal Air Marshal Service; and the National Railroad 
Passenger Corporation.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $97.8 billion in budget authority and $98.2 billion 
in outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $43.4 
billion, with $97.4 billion in related outlays. Mandatory 
spending is $54.4 billion in budget authority and $0.8 billion 
in outlays. Over 5 years, budget authority totals $495.3 
billion, and outlays are $519.4 billion, a divergence of $8.2 
billion from baseline levels.
    The Federal Government plays an important role in ensuring 
the safety and security of America's surface, air, and maritime 
transportation and infrastructure systems. To support this 
safety mission and promote the efficient movement of people and 
commerce, transportation and infrastructure modernization is 
critical. A strong national transportation network with 21st 
century infrastructure will also reap significant economic 
gains, such as increased productivity, faster commute and 
delivery times, and more market competition.
    Dedicated fees collected from system users finance the 
majority of transportation and infrastructure spending. While 
this arrangement previously yielded revenue surpluses, 
improving fuel economy and other factors have disrupted this 
balance. To maintain robust investments in transportation 
infrastructure, Congress began supplementing dedicated user 
fees with general fund revenues in 2008. This issue will again 
be front-and-center as the Fixing America's Surface 
Transportation Act expires in 2020. According to CBO, without 
changes to current law, balances in the Highway Trust Fund will 
be insufficient to cover projected outlays beginning as soon as 
2021. To address this challenge, the budget resolution 
reasserts the user-pays principle and relies on authorizing 
committees to consider options for additional revenue 
generation to cover a larger portion of related spending.
    The budget resolution does not assume specific reductions 
in discretionary spending but does note the Bipartisan Budget 
Act of 2018 significantly increased appropriations within this 
budget function. Discretionary resources should prioritize 
activities that are authorized by current law, maximize user 
benefits, and serve the national interest.

        Budget Function 450: COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

    The Community and Regional Development function includes 
Federal programs to improve community economic conditions, 
promote rural development, and assist in Federal preparations 
for, and responses to, disasters. This function provides 
appropriated funding for the Community Development Block Grant 
program, Department of Agriculture rural development programs, 
the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Federal Emergency Management 
Agency, and other disaster mitigation and community 
development-related programs. It also provides mandatory 
funding for the Federal flood insurance program.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $26.6 billion in budget authority and $28.2 billion 
in outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $26.5 
billion, with $28.2 billion in related outlays. Mandatory 
spending is $0.0 billion in budget authority and $-0.1 billion 
in outlays. Over 5 years, budget authority totals $93.7 
billion, with $134.5 billion in outlays, a divergence of $4.8 
billion from baseline levels.
    This budget supports efforts by committees of jurisdiction 
to better target existing Federal grant programs that encourage 
overreliance on the Federal Government. In concert with 
appropriate local and State efforts, the Federal Government has 
the opportunity to improve communities nationwide. The budget 
also supports reviewing the fiscal sustainability of Federal 
insurance and loan programs.
    The budget contains resources for disaster response, 
relief, and mitigation activities, and assumes a total of $19 
billion in cap-adjusted spending for disasters in fiscal years 
2020 and 2021.

   Budget Function 500: EDUCATION, TRAINING, EMPLOYMENT, AND SOCIAL 
                                SERVICES

    The Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services 
function includes funding for the Department of Education, some 
social services programs within the Department of Health and 
Human Services, and employment and training programs within the 
Department of Labor.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $104.6 billion in budget authority and $112.4 billion 
in outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $102.8 
billion, with $104.0 billion in related outlays. Mandatory 
spending is $1.8 billion in budget authority and $8.4 billion 
in outlays. Over 5 years, budget authority totals $553.6 
billion, with $552.9 billion in outlays, a divergence of $42.9 
billion from baseline levels.
    Ensuring all students have access to a quality education 
and the knowledge and skills to fill in-demand jobs is 
beneficial for the Nation's students, workers, and the economy. 
The Federal Government supports education and job training 
programs, but all too often inefficiently. GAO routinely 
identifies fragmentation, overlap, and duplication within these 
programs. For example, GAO recently found that even after a 
significant reduction in the number of programs, there remained 
163 Federal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics 
education programs--nearly all of which overlap with at least 
one other program. GAO also estimates there are 44 Federal 
programs that may be used to support early learning and child 
care. This budget supports reforms to reduce fragmentation, 
overlap, and duplication across this function to better serve 
students, families, and workers.
    Postsecondary education has become less affordable in 
recent years despite the steady growth in the maximum Federal 
Pell Grant award, the implementation of year-round Pell, and 
the implementation of multiple new student loan repayment 
options. Over the past decade, the Federal student loan program 
has become increasingly convoluted while not curbing the 
unsustainable higher education tuition increases or student 
over-borrowing. To promote access in a fiscally responsible way 
and reduce institutional incentives to increase costs of 
attendance, the Federal Government should reform the Federal 
student loan program to ensure students and their families have 
clear and affordable financing options.
    In promoting access and self-directed postsecondary 
education choices, it is imperative that the information 
received from the Federal Government by students and their 
families is accurate, timely, and reliable. The budget 
resolution supports important steps to ensure that student 
borrowers receive crucial and valid information in time to make 
important decisions. Providing greater transparency for 
students will promote better decisionmaking and set students up 
for a successful career instead of saddling them with decades 
of debt.

                      Budget Function 550: HEALTH

    The Health function contains spending on a variety of 
health care services administered by the Department of Health 
and Human Services. Specifically, the function includes health 
research overseen by the National Institutes of Health; public 
health and safety programs administered by the Centers for 
Disease Control and Prevention; primary health care services 
provided by the Health Resources and Services Administration; 
health insurance for Federal employees administered by the 
Office of Personnel Management; and the regulation of 
pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and food products conducted 
by the Food and Drug Administration. The most significant 
drivers of spending in this function are Medicaid and the 
exchange subsidies created in the Patient Protection and 
Affordable Care Act--commonly known as Obamacare.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $621.6 billion in budget authority and $595.9 billion 
in outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $72.9 
billion, with $70.8 billion in related outlays. Mandatory 
spending is $548.7 billion in budget authority and $525.0 
billion in outlays. Over 5 years, budget authority totals 
$3,105.7 billion, and outlays are $3,027.5 billion, a 
divergence of $278.5 billion from baseline levels for outlays.
    Over the past several decades, Federal health care spending 
has skyrocketed. According to CBO, this trend will only 
continue, with spending per beneficiary expected to grow even 
more rapidly. Health expenditures currently comprise about 30 
percent of all Federal spending. Medicaid alone has consumed a 
growing share of the Federal budget, eclipsing 10 percent of 
noninterest spending in 2017. Over the past 20 years, Federal 
expenditures in the program have risen at an average annual 
rate of 7 percent. This rapid expansion is due to the rising 
cost of health care, expansion of program eligibility and 
covered services, and the increasing amount of State spending 
qualifying for Federal matching payments. This level of 
spending and growth is unsustainable.
    In order to address this compounding problem, the budget 
resolution relies on the committees of jurisdiction to 
implement common-sense reforms. Areas ripe for reform could 
include changes to the Federal Employees Health Benefit 
Program, providing State flexibility in Medicaid while 
protecting vulnerable populations, and making private health 
insurance more affordable and accessible while preserving pre-
existing condition protections. Instead of the top-down, heavy-
handed approach taken by Obamacare, the resolution supports the 
belief that the American people--not the Federal Government--
should be in control of their own health care. Additionally, 
the resolution supports committees' efforts to lower health 
care costs and improve the quality of care for all Americans.

                     Budget Function 570: MEDICARE

    The Medicare function includes only the Medicare program, 
which provides health insurance to senior citizens and certain 
persons with disabilities. Nearly 99 percent of spending in 
this function occurs on the mandatory side of the budget, and 
almost all of the mandatory spending consists of payments for 
Medicare benefits. The balance of spending is discretionary 
annual appropriations covering the cost of administering and 
monitoring the Medicare program.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $682.6 billion in budget authority and $682.4 billion 
in outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $7.2 billion, 
with $7.3 billion in related outlays. Mandatory spending is 
$675.4 billion in budget authority and $675.1 billion in 
outlays. Over 5 years, budget authority totals $3,881.4 
billion, with $3,879.9 billion in outlays, a divergence of 
$77.2 billion from baseline levels.
    Medicare spending is currently on an unsustainable course. 
Over the next decade, Medicare outlays are expected to increase 
an average of 7 percent annually. Excluding timing shifts, CBO 
projects that Medicare spending will more than double from $768 
billion in 2019 to $1,580 billion in 2029, mostly due to 
increased health care costs and growing enrollment in the 
program. According to the Medicare Trustees, without 
intervening action from Congress, Medicare's Hospital Insurance 
trust fund will become insolvent by 2026--three years earlier 
than predicted in last year's report.
    The budget resolution allows the Senate Finance Committee 
to determine policies that would slow the rate of growth in 
Medicare in order to reduce health care costs for seniors and 
extend the life of the trust fund in the near term. Long-term 
solutions will be necessary to ensure that American seniors can 
continue to rely on this vital health program in the future.

                  Budget Function 600: INCOME SECURITY

    The Income Security function covers a range of income 
security programs that provide cash or near-cash assistance to 
low-income persons and benefits to certain retirees, persons 
with disabilities, and the unemployed.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $533.2 billion in budget authority and $524.8 billion 
in outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $74.8 
billion, with $73.8 billion in related outlays. Mandatory 
spending is $458.4 billion in budget authority and $451.1 
billion in outlays. Over 5 years, budget authority totals 
$2,818.0 billion, with $2,781.4 billion in outlays, a 
divergence of $33.2 billion from baseline levels.
    While the economy is almost 10 years into an expansion, 
spending and enrollment for many low-income programs in this 
function remain above pre-recession levels. Much of this 
increase is attributable to expanded eligibility rules that 
have extended safety net benefits to persons with incomes well 
above the poverty line. CBO estimates that less than half of 
all means-tested transfers went to households in the bottom 
fifth of the income distribution in 2015.
    Many of these programs also create work disincentives that 
keep recipients on the sidelines, even when the labor market is 
strong. The Department of Agriculture reports that of the 3.8 
million able-bodied adults without dependents enrolled in the 
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program in 2016, nearly 
three-quarters were not working. Additionally, multiple reports 
by GAO have shown that the Federal Government's array of income 
security programs is fragmented and overly complex, confusing 
those trying to navigate the safety net and increasing 
administrative costs. Program integrity also remains a 
challenge, and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has 
designated several of the programs in this function as high-
priority because of their high improper payments.
    The budget resolution supports strengthening and improving 
the programs in this function in a manner that preserves the 
safety net for vulnerable populations. This budget encourages 
authorizing committees to improve the targeting of benefits, 
strengthen work requirements, and reduce overlap, duplication, 
and fraud.
    Regarding Federal retirement programs, this budget 
prioritizes fiscal sustainability. The Federal employee benefit 
system should be reformed to ensure fairness to both recipients 
and taxpayers.

                  Budget Function 650: SOCIAL SECURITY

    The Social Security function consists of the payroll-tax-
financed programs collectively known as Social Security: Old-
Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance. These 
programs provide monthly cash benefits to approximately 61 
million retired and disabled workers and their spouses, 
dependents, and survivors. This function includes both benefit 
payments and funds to administer the programs and ensure 
program integrity.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $1,113.3 billion in budget authority and $1,107.5 
billion in outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $5.9 
billion, with $5.8 billion in related outlays. Mandatory 
spending is $1,107.4 billion in budget authority and $1,101.7 
billion in outlays. Over 5 years, budget authority totals 
$6,307.0 billion, with $6,274.4 billion in outlays, unchanged 
from baseline levels. These figures reflect the combined on-and 
off-budget amounts associated with this function.
    Under provisions of the Congressional Budget Act and the 
Budget Enforcement Act, the Social Security trust funds are 
considered off-budget and do not appear in the budget 
resolution totals. The general fund transfer of income taxes on 
Social Security benefits to the trust funds is the only notable 
portion of function 650 considered on-budget.
    This budget resolution respects the off-budget status of 
the Social Security trust funds and assumes no policy changes 
in this function. The budget supports the bipartisan efforts by 
the Finance Committee to confront the challenges facing Social 
Security.

          Budget Function 700: VETERANS BENEFITS AND SERVICES

    The Veterans Benefits and Services function includes health 
administration and health services for veterans (majority of 
the discretionary spending), their pensions and disability 
compensation (majority of the mandatory spending), and other 
services our Nation provides to veterans.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $211.2 billion in budget authority and $209.9 billion 
in outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $92.2 
billion, with $87.9 billion in related outlays. Mandatory 
spending is $119.0 billion in budget authority and $122.0 
billion in outlays. Over 5 years, budget authority totals 
$1,125.3 billion, with $1,113.6 trillion in outlays, a 
divergence of $2.6 billion from baseline levels.
    The budget resolution supports protecting the longevity and 
integrity of programs providing America's veterans with the 
care and resources they were promised and earned. It aligns 
with the work of the committees of jurisdiction as they 
consider common-sense proposals to find savings that improve 
program health and ensure benefits are delivered in a manner 
that upholds fidelity to veterans and taxpayers alike.
    With the passage of major legislation in the areas of 
community care, caregivers, appeals processing, and education 
benefits, authorizing committees should focus on reform 
implementation and prompt delivery of services to eligible 
veterans, as well as adopting technological improvements and 
devising and executing an achievable information technology 
improvement strategy. The Department of Veterans Affairs should 
also continue to increase service and efficiency for veterans 
and facilitate improved management of Federal real property 
assets and vigilance in human-capital management.

             Budget Function 750: ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

    The Administration of Justice function includes programs to 
ensure civil rights protections and provide judicial services, 
police protection, law enforcement, rehabilitation and 
incarceration of criminals, and the general maintenance of 
domestic order.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $71.3 billion in budget authority and $65.8 billion 
in outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $62.8 
billion, with $61.3 billion in related outlays. Mandatory 
spending is $8.6 billion in budget authority and $4.5 billion 
in outlays. Over 5 years, budget authority totals $346.0 
billion, with $351.2 billion in outlays, a divergence of $6.3 
billion from baseline levels.
    The Federal Government has the responsibility to maintain 
domestic order and help ensure the safest possible communities 
for all Americans. To achieve a proper balance between ensuring 
safe communities and being responsible stewards of taxpayer 
money, the budget resolution supports the work of the 
appropriate committees and recognizes areas for reform. GAO has 
identified several areas in which the Department of Justice 
(DOJ) can improve, such as clarifying guidance and 
communications, and more efficiently using data. Inspectors 
General have also recommended changes, such as improving DOJ 
grant management to States and localities, and improving 
staffing models within the Department of Homeland Security.
    This budget appreciates the amount of resources needed to 
ensure safe communities, while recognizing that the Departments 
of Justice and Homeland Security can improve their efficiency 
and productivity.

                Budget Function 800: GENERAL GOVERNMENT

    The General Government function includes the activities of 
the White House and the Executive Office of the President, the 
legislative branch, and programs to carry out the 
administrative responsibilities of the Federal Government, 
including personnel management, fiscal operations, and property 
control.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $25.5 billion in budget authority and $25.2 billion 
in outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $18.2 
billion, with $18.0 billion in related outlays. Mandatory 
spending is $7.2 billion in budget authority and $7.2 billion 
in outlays. Over 5 years, budget authority totals $134.1 
billion, with $132 billion in outlays, consistent with baseline 
levels.
    This function encompasses many of the programs and 
activities that constitute the core operational 
responsibilities of the Federal Government, including salaries, 
expenses, and capital improvements. The resolution supports 
efforts of committees of jurisdiction to enhance accountability 
and oversight of Federal employment and operational 
expenditures. Both the executive and legislative branches 
should lead by example, offering efficiencies that maximize 
taxpayer dollars and improve operational integrity.

                   Budget Function 900: NET INTEREST

    The Net Interest function contains the interest paid to 
private and foreign government holders of U.S. Treasury 
securities. This function includes interest on the public debt 
less the interest received by the Federal Government from trust 
fund investments and loans to the public. It contains mandatory 
payments, with no discretionary components.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $459.0 billion in budget authority and $459.0 billion 
in outlays, all of which is mandatory. Over 5 years, budget 
authority totals $2,829.6 billion, with $2,829.6 billion in 
outlays, a divergence of $23.9 billion from baseline levels.
    Outlays in this function respond entirely to the changes in 
annual total budget deficits and borrowing from the public to 
meet or pay those deficits. The changes in spending and revenue 
levels described elsewhere in this budget account for all 
changes in net interest outlays.

                    Budget Function 920: ALLOWANCES

    The Allowances function displays the budgetary effects of 
proposals that cannot be easily distributed across other budget 
functions.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $-90.2 billion in budget authority and $-50.0 billion 
in outlays. Discretionary budget authority totals $-86.0 
billion, with $-48.3 billion in related outlays. Mandatory 
spending is $-4.1 billion in budget authority and $-1.7 billion 
in outlays. Over 5 years, budget authority totals $-592.2 
billion, with $-469.7 billion in outlays, a divergence of $86.2 
billion from baseline levels.
    Spending levels in the Allowances function reflect policy 
assumptions that have an impact across Federal agencies or are 
not easily distributed across budget functions. This is a 
similar approach used by CBO in its budget projections. This 
includes changes to the nondefense discretionary topline to 
better reflect the operation and realities of the congressional 
budget and appropriations process.

         Budget Function 950: UNDISTRIBUTED OFFSETTING RECEIPTS

    The Undistributed Offsetting Receipts function comprises 
major offsetting receipts items that would distort the funding 
levels of other functional categories if they were distributed 
to them.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $-103.7 billion in budget authority and $-103.7 
billion in outlays, all of which is mandatory spending. Over 5 
years, budget authority totals $-543.9 billion, with $-543.9 
billion in outlays, unchanged from baseline levels. These 
figures reflect the combined on-and off-budget amounts 
associated with this function. The budget resolution assumes no 
policy changes in this function.

          Budget Function 970: OVERSEAS CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS

    This function includes funding for overseas contingency 
operations, the global war on terrorism, and related 
activities.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $67.0 billion in total budget authority and $36.9 
billion in total outlays. All spending in this function is 
discretionary. Over 5 years, budget authority totals $130.0 
billion, with $125.8 billion in outlays. The baseline used to 
construct this resolution does not include an extrapolation of 
war costs.
    Besides the regular budget authority for national defense, 
the budget resolution includes $67.0 billion OCO funding for 
fiscal year 2020 and $63 billion for fiscal year 2021.

                                Revenues

    Federal revenues are comprised of taxes and other 
collections from the public that result from the government's 
sovereign powers to impose levies under Article I, section 8, 
clause 1 of the U.S. Constitution. Federal revenues include 
individual and corporate incomes taxes, social insurance taxes, 
excise taxes, estate and gift taxes, customs duties, and 
miscellaneous receipts.

                SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE-REPORTED RESOLUTION

    The Committee-reported fiscal year 2020 budget resolution 
calls for $3,702.0 billion in revenues ($2,761.6 billion on-
budget, $940.4 billion off-budget). Over 5 years, revenues 
total $20,371.4 billion ($15,284.7 on-budget, $5,086.8 off-
budget), a divergence of $176.5 billion (on-budget) from 
baseline levels.
    While the budget resolution firmly rejects the notion that 
any effort to control government spending must be ``balanced'' 
with tax increases, it does support measures to recoup Federal 
costs and other good-government reforms that would result in 
higher receipts to the Federal Government. None of these 
increases should come from changes that in any way undermine 
the pro-growth impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act or diminish 
the law's tax relief for hardworking American families.
    The budget resolution assumes approximately half of the 
increase in receipts could be generated as part of an effort to 
ensure the solvency of the Highway Trust Fund. While specific 
decisions would be left to the committees of jurisdiction, the 
budget assumes any change will restore the longstanding user-
pays principle and prevent the need for additional general fund 
transfers. The budget also supports reform of the retirement 
system for Federal civilian employees, including Members of 
Congress. Doing so would reduce the Federal Government's net 
personnel costs and help bring public sector benefits more in 
line with the private sector. Finally, the budget resolution 
assumes authorizing committees will pursue additional reforms 
to mandatory programs and regulations that have the effect of 
increasing Federal receipts.

                     RECONCILIATION AND ENFORCEMENT

                              ----------                              

    The budget blueprint calls for serious yet achievable steps 
toward putting America on a sustainable fiscal path. As part of 
this overall vision, the resolution includes reconciliation 
instructions for deficit reduction and important budget 
enforcement tools to bring Federal spending and revenues in 
line with the levels reported.

                             Reconciliation

    This title instructs five Senate committees to report 
reconciliation legislation that would produce combined deficit 
reduction of at least $94 billion over the next 5 years. 
Instructions are provided to the Committee on Agriculture, 
Nutrition, and Forestry for $9 billion; the Committee on 
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs for $10 billion; the 
Committee on Finance for $50 billion; the Committee on Health, 
Education, Labor, and Pensions for $10 billion; and the 
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs for $15 
billion.

                              Enforcement

    Updates Advance Appropriations.--This section updates, for 
fiscal years 2021 and 2022, an existing point of order against 
appropriations legislation that would provide an advance 
appropriation for a discretionary account. This point of order 
is extended regularly in budget resolutions, and provides an 
exception for programs or activities identified in the 
manager's Joint Explanatory Statement (mostly education and 
housing assistance), the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, 
and several accounts at the Department of Veterans Affairs.
    Amends CHIMPS Points of Order.--The resolution amends the 
point of order against changes in mandatory programs (CHIMPS) 
that was included in the fiscal year 2018 budget resolution. 
The fiscal year 2020 resolution changes the total amount of 
allowable CHIMPS from $15 billion to $0 for fiscal year 2020 
and each year thereafter. Additionally, rescissions measures 
considered under the Impoundment and Control Act are exempt 
from this point of order.
    Reactivates Dynamic Scoring Authority.--The resolution 
directs CBO and the Joint Committee on Taxation to incorporate 
the budgetary effects of macroeconomic variables when each 
produces estimates of major legislation. These estimates will 
be used for informational purposes only. These more accurate 
assessments will help guide the Senate in its work both as a 
legislative body and financial steward of the United States.
    Adjustment Authority for Discretionary Cap Deal.--If a 
measure becomes law that amends the discretionary limits 
established under the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
Control Act of 1985, as amended, this section allows the 
Chairman of the Budget Committee to adjust budgetary levels 
consistent with such measure.
    Reinstates Point of Order Against Certain Surface 
Transportation Funding.--The resolution reinstates the point of 
order against consideration of legislation that extends the 
authority of or reauthorizes surface transportation programs if 
the legislation appropriates budget authority from sources 
other than the Highway Trust Fund.
    Creates Directed Scorekeeping Point of Order.--The 
resolution creates a point of order against legislation that 
directs the budgetary treatment of such measure unless the 
legislation has been reported by the Budget Committee. This 
includes legislation directing the congressional estimating 
process, directing changes in concepts and definitions under 
section 251(b) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
Control Act of 1985, or reclassifying the budgetary treatment 
of funding. This point of order is determined by the Chairman 
of the Budget Committee.
    Re-establishes Overseas Contingency Operations Designation 
Point of Order.--The resolution creates a point of order 
against an OCO designation. If the point of order is sustained, 
the offending provision is stricken but the remainder of the 
text remains pending.
    Establishes the Budgetary Treatment of Discretionary 
Administrative Expenses.--The resolution requires that the 
Joint Explanatory Statement accompanying the conference report 
on the budget resolution include amounts for the discretionary 
administrative expenses of the Social Security Administration 
and the United States Postal Service. These amounts are subject 
to the discretionary spending caps, which are accounted for in 
the allocation to the Appropriations Committee.
    Allows for Changes in Allocations and Aggregates.--This 
section provides three necessary provisions relating to the 
timing and mechanics of budget enforcement. First, if any 
adjustments are made pursuant to a reserve fund or other 
directive, the adjustments will apply while a measure is under 
consideration, take effect once the measure is enacted, and be 
published in the Congressional Record. Second, any revisions to 
allocations and aggregates will be considered as if they were 
contained in this budget resolution. Third, Budget Committee 
estimates will serve as the basis for determining new levels of 
budget authority, outlays, direct spending, new entitlement 
authority, revenues, deficits, and surpluses.
    Allows for Changes in Concepts and Definitions.--If 
Congress were to enact a bill or joint resolution that changes 
a concept or definition, the resolution would provide the 
Chairman of the Budget Committee the authority to change levels 
and allocations in the resolution accordingly.
    Exercises in Rulemaking Power.--This section provides that 
the Senate has the constitutional authority to adopt the rules 
of this resolution, and the adopted rules shall be treated as 
Senate rules. Further, these rules supersede any prior, 
inconsistent rules.
[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                               ECONOMICS

                              ----------                              

    Table 1 below shows the assumed levels and rates of change 
for key economic variables that constitute the economic 
assumptions of the Fiscal Year 2020 budget resolution. The 
Budget Committee adopted CBO's economic forecast as published 
in its January 2019 report, The Budget and Economic Outlook: 
2019 to 2029, to maintain consistency with the budgetary 
projections and assumptions used in the budget.
    CBO's economic projections are based on current law and do 
not account for the economic impact of the budget resolution's 
assumed policies and deficit reduction. To the extent that 
CBO's economic forecast does not incorporate these effects and 
may underestimate the positive effects of already-enacted 
changes in tax and regulatory policy, the projected deficits 
and debt levels in the resolution are to be viewed as 
conservative estimates.
[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

    The unemployment rate averaged 3.9 percent in 2018 and 
stood at 3.8 percent in February 2019. Non farm payroll 
employment increased by an average of 215,000 jobs per month 
between January 2018 and February 2019. Despite significant 
downward pressure from demographics, the labor force 
participation rate rose 0.5 percentage points between January 
2018 and February 2019 thanks to a strong economy that is 
pulling people off of the sidelines.
    Wage growth has accelerated, supported by a strong labor 
market and uptick in labor productivity growth. The Employment 
Cost Index for private industry wages and salaries rose by 3.1 
percent in 2018, the largest increase in over a decade, and CBO 
projects even higher wage growth in the years ahead. 
Importantly, these gains are being felt by all Americans. Wages 
have risen fastest for lower-wage workers and in lower-wage 
industries, and several groups historically at higher risk of 
unemployment, such as African Americans, people with 
disabilities, and those without a high school diploma, saw 
record low unemployment rates in 2018.
    Contrary to predictions that the recently enacted tax cuts 
would cause the economy to overheat, consumer price inflation 
has remained near or below the Federal Reserve's 2.0 percent 
target, ensuring nominal wage gains have more than kept pace 
with increases in the cost of living. The year-over-year change 
in the Federal Reserve's preferred inflation gauge, the core 
personal consumption expenditure price index, was 1.9 percent, 
translating to high real wage growth.
[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                       The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

    The significant improvement in U.S. economic performance is 
primarily driven by a shift in pro-growth policies. In 
particular, the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) has played a 
vital role in strengthening the economy. The fiscal year Senate 
budget resolution uses CBO's economic assumptions, which 
incorporate CBO's estimate of the TCJA's economic effects. CBO 
projects the law will raise real GDP by an average of 0.7 
percent over the 2018-2028 period and by approximately 0.9 
percent over the 2020-2024 window covered by the budget 
resolution. Other analysts have estimated even larger effects.
    Claims that the economic benefits of the TCJA reflect only 
a temporary ``sugar high'' that will end with the economy 
overheating or entering a recession are not supported by recent 
experience or CBO's analysis of the law's effects. CBO 
generally estimates increases in government spending boosts 
output in the near term through demand-side ``stimulus,'' but 
lowers output long-term. However, in estimating the effects of 
the TCJA, the agency estimates increased output in every year 
of its forecast.
    CBO estimates the TCJA not only provides an immediate boost 
to economic activity by increasing Americans' take-home pay, it 
also increases the economy's long-term productive capacity by 
improving incentives. The law's reduction in marginal income 
tax rates and repeal of the individual mandate increase 
incentives to work and expand the labor supply. Further, the 
reduction in the corporate income tax rate, temporary expensing 
for capital expenditures, pass-through business deduction, 
reforms to international taxation, and other provisions, 
improve incentives for domestic investment and grow the capital 
stock, resulting in lasting increases in productivity and 
wages. Separate CBO analysis shows the TCJA also improved the 
uniformity of the tax code, which should lead to a more 
efficient allocation of capital.
    CBO makes it clear in its January 2019 Budget and Economic 
Outlook that ``the 2017 tax act will continue to have 
appreciable effects on the U.S. economy over the next decade.'' 
CBO estimates the increase in real GDP due to the TCJA will 
grow from 0.3 percent in 2018 to 0.6 percent in 2019. By 2024, 
the last year covered by the budget resolution, CBO estimates 
both actual and potential output will be 0.9 percent higher 
than they otherwise would have been.
    While the early results of TCJA have been very encouraging, 
it will take time for workers and businesses to adjust to the 
law's changes and for all of its economic benefits to be fully 
realized. Over time, however, the additional investment spurred 
by the law's reduction in the cost of capital will build the 
capital stock and lead to higher productivity, output, 
employment, and wages.

                    Maintaining Economic Prosperity

    The economy is strong and economic fundamentals are solid, 
but there are some clouds on the horizon that could pose a risk 
to sustained prosperity.
    Economic conditions among major U.S. trading partners are 
much less favorable than they are in the United States and 
could potentially pose as a headwind to the U.S. economy. 
Growth slowed markedly in the Euro area and in China during 
2018, and it is projected to weaken further in 2019, reducing 
demand for U.S. exports and adding to financial market 
volatility.
    Even with the economic benefits of tax and regulatory 
reform, CBO's current-law economic forecast assumes that the 
aging of the population, the possible continuation of the 
productivity slowdown, and the negative effects of Federal 
overspending and unsustainable debt will pose a challenge to 
supply side growth in the coming years. Additional policy 
changes--such as those assumed in this budget--that encourage 
greater labor force participation, increase capital investment 
and dynamism, and put spending and debt under control, will be 
critical to maintaining sustained growth.
    Just as the adoption of pro-growth policies is the primary 
reason for the economy's recent improvement, the greatest 
threat to continued prosperity is a possible shift toward 
policies that radically expand the size and scope of the 
Federal Government and impose new burdens on individuals and 
businesses. Proposals to raise taxes on work and investment, 
impose crippling regulations on America's energy sector, and to 
nationalize or abolish entire industries would have 
catastrophic effects on the economy.

                             RESERVE FUNDS

                              ----------                              

    The Budget Committee does not have the authority to make 
policy recommendations in a budget resolution--that is the role 
of the authorizing committees. Committees often make their 
policy priorities known in their views and estimates letters, 
and reserve funds are a way to accommodate those requests.
    Reserve funds allow the Chairman of the Budget Committee to 
revise the committee allocations, budgetary aggregates, and 
other appropriate levels in the budget resolution to 
accommodate legislation described in the reserve fund--as long 
as the budgetary effects of that legislation satisfy the 
requirements enumerated. The budget resolution includes 
deficit-neutral reserve funds that relate to the following:
    --Modifying the Budget Control Act caps.
    --Promoting American energy and natural resources.
    --Public lands and the environment.
    --American agriculture.
    --Strengthening American families--including addressing the 
opioid and substance abuse crisis; improving child and maternal 
health; making child and dependent care more affordable and 
useful; child nutrition programs; or foster care, marriage, and 
fatherhood programs.
    --Strengthening American communities--including reforming 
the American public housing system; combating violent crime; 
protecting and assisting survivors of domestic abuse; ensuring 
long-term, stable access to funding for victims of violent 
crime; or reforming the criminal justice system.
    --Promoting innovation in education.
    --Promoting economic growth and prosperity for American 
workers--including reducing the costs to businesses and 
individuals stemming from Federal regulations; streamlining and 
enhancing outcomes from Federal work force development, job 
training, and reemployment programs; increasing job creation, 
commerce, and economic growth; increasing exports from the 
United States; supporting robust intellectual property 
protections; or changes in Federal tax laws that extend the 
provisions of Public Law 115-97.
    --Promoting economic opportunity and self-sufficiency.
    --Federal banking, insurance, and housing finance programs.
    --Improving tax administration.
    --Improving Americans' health care options--including 
repealing and replacing Obamacare and preserving preexisting 
condition protections; increasing health care options for 
individuals; lowering health care costs for American families, 
such as reducing prescription drug costs; encouraging State 
flexibility and innovation; improving consumers' access to 
care; or investing in public health.
    --Protecting Medicaid and Medicare.
    --Restoring American military power.
    --Improving cybersecurity.
    --Veterans and service members.
    --Border security and immigration.
    --American transportation and infrastructure.
    --Promoting financial security.
    --Preventing taxpayer bailouts of pension plans.
    --Efficiencies, consolidations, curbing budgetary gimmicks, 
and other savings.
    --Modifying statutory budget controls relating to the scope 
of sequestration.
    --Reducing fraud in taxpayer-funded government assistance 
programs.
    --Federal compensation.
    --Pre-existing conditions protections.
    --Improving coordination and Federal Government disaster 
response and mitigation.
    --Providing continued tax relief for family-owned 
businesses, farms, and ranches.
    --Supporting reviews of extreme weather threats to the 
Department of Defense's installations.
    --Improving the affordability of rental housing.
    --Improving Federal flood controls.
    --Clean audit opinions at the Department of Defense.
    --Continuing middle-class tax relief.
    --Supporting servicemembers' access to safe housing.
    --Providing the Department of Homeland Security with 
resources to protect children and families.
    --Reducing prescription drug costs.
    --Program integrity funding for targeted denial reviews.

                             SUMMARY TABLES

                              ----------                              

                                                                   Page
Table 1. Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Resolution, as Reported, Total 
  Spending and Revenues..........................................    38
Table 2. Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Resolution, as Reported, 
  Spending by Function, Discretionary, Mandatory.................    40
Table 3. Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Resolution On-Budget Summary....    43
Table 4. Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Resolution Unified Budget 
  Summary........................................................    44
Table 5. Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Resolution Crosswalk From CBO 
  January 2019 Baseline to SBC Baseline to Resolution Levels.....    45
Table 6. Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Resolution Components of Policy 
  Change.........................................................    46
Table 7. Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Resolution Components of 
  Mandatory Costs Savings (Outlays)..............................    47
Table 8. Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Resolution Discretionary Budget 
  Authority......................................................    48
Table 9. Allocation of Spending Authority to Senate Committee on 
  Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2020............................    49
Table 10. Allocation of Spending Authority to Senate Committees 
  Other Than Appropriations......................................    50
[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]


                            COMMITTEE VOTES

                              ----------                              

    On March 22, 2019, the ``Chairman's Mark'' for the fiscal 
year 2020 budget resolution was provided to Budget Committee 
Member offices.
    On March 27, 2019, the Committee met to commence the markup 
of the resolution and hear opening statements from Members.
    On March 28, 2019, the following votes were taken during 
the Committee markup of the fiscal year 2020 budget resolution:
    1. An amendment offered by Senator Sanders relating to 
Public Law 115-97 provisions that benefit the top 1 percent.
    The amendment was not agreed to by a voice vote.
    2. An amendment offered by Senators Toomey and Crapo 
relating to ensuring long-term, stable access to compensation 
and assistance for victims of crime.
    The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    3. An amendment offered by Senator Sanders to increase 
revenue by $358.0 billion and increase outlays in the health 
function (550) by $280.8 billion and the Medicare function 
(570) by $77.2 billion.
    The amendment was not agreed to by a roll call vote of 7 
ayes and 10 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)             X               SANDERS       X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY              X               MURRAY        X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO                 X               WYDEN
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM                X               STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY                X               WHITEHOUS
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON                               WARNER        X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE                X               MERKLEY       X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN                 X               KAINE         X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT                 X               VAN           X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY               X               HARRIS        X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER                X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    4. An amendment offered by Senator Kennedy relating to 
reducing fraud in taxpayer-funded Government assistance 
programs.
    The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote. Senators 
Sanders, Murray, and Harris were recorded as noes.
    5. An amendment offered by Senator Wyden to strike the 
reconciliation instructions to the Senate Committee on Finance.
    The amendment was not agreed to by a roll call vote of 9 
ayes and 11 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)             X               SANDERS       X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY              X               MURRAY        X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO                 X               WYDEN         X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM                X               STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY                X               WHITEHOUS     X
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON               X               WARNER        X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE                X               MERKLEY       X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN                 X               KAINE         X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT                 X               VAN           X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY               X               HARRIS        X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER                X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    6. An amendment offered by Senators Braun and Scott to 
establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to Federal 
compensation, including the possibility of allowing elected 
officials to voluntarily reduce their pensions.
    The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote. Senators 
Sanders, Murray, Wyden, Warner, Kaine, Van Hollen, and Harris 
were recorded as noes.
    7. An amendment offered by Senator Kaine to modify a 
deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to border security and 
immigration, which may not include any funds transferred from 
military accounts.
    The amendment was not agreed to by a roll call vote of 9 
ayes and 11 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)             X               SANDERS       X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY              X               MURRAY        X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO                 X               WYDEN         X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM                X               STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY                X               WHITEHOUS     X
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON               X               WARNER        X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE                X               MERKLEY       X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN                 X               KAINE         X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT                 X               VAN           X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY               X               HARRIS        X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER                X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    8. An amendment offered by Senators Scott, Braun, and 
Kennedy to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to 
pre-existing condition protections.
    The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    9. An amendment offered by Senator Stabenow to strike the 
reconciliation instructions to the Senate Committee on 
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.
    The amendment was not agreed to by a roll call vote of 9 
ayes and 11 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)             X               SANDERS       X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY              X               MURRAY        X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO                 X               WYDEN         X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM                X               STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY                X               WHITEHOUS     X
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON               X               WARNER        X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE                X               MERKLEY       X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN                 X               KAINE         X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT                 X               VAN           X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY               X               HARRIS        X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER                X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    10. An amendment offered by Senator Cramer to establish a 
deficit-neutral reserve fund to protect and preserve risk 
management programs for American farmers.
    The amendment was not agreed to by a roll call vote of 10 
ayes and 10 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)     X                       SANDERS              X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY      X                       MURRAY               X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO         X                       WYDEN                X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM        X                       STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY                X               WHITEHOUS            X
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON       X                       WARNER               X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE        X                       MERKLEY              X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN         X                       KAINE                X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT         X                       VAN                  X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY       X                       HARRIS               X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER        X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    11. An amendment offered by Senator Scott to modify a 
deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to public lands to 
include restoring the Everglades.
    The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    12. An amendment offered by Senators Whitehouse and Perdue 
to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund to reform the 
congressional budget process.
    The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    13. An amendment offered by Senators Kaine, Warner, and Van 
Hollen to strike the reconciliation instructions to the 
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.
    The amendment was not agreed to by a roll call vote of 9 
ayes and 11 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)             X               SANDERS       X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY              X               MURRAY        X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO                 X               WYDEN         X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM                X               STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY                X               WHITEHOUS     X
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON               X               WARNER        X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE                X               MERKLEY       X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN                 X               KAINE         X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT                 X               VAN           X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY               X               HARRIS        X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER                X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    14. An amendment offered by Senator Grassley to establish a 
deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to changes in disaster 
management and mitigation laws.
    The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    15. An amendment offered by Senator Van Hollen relating to 
increasing the estate tax and decreasing taxes on families 
earning less than $200,000.
    The amendment was not agreed to by a roll call vote of 9 
ayes and 11 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)             X               SANDERS       X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY              X               MURRAY        X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO                 X               WYDEN         X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM                X               STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY                X               WHITEHOUS     X
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON               X               WARNER        X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE                X               MERKLEY       X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN                 X               KAINE         X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT                 X               VAN           X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY               X               HARRIS        X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER                X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    16. An amendment offered by Senator Grassley to establish a 
deficit-neutral reserve fund to provide continued tax relief 
for family-owned business, farms, and ranches.
    The amendment was agreed to by a roll call vote of 11 ayes 
and 9 noes

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)     X                       SANDERS              X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY      X                       MURRAY               X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO         X                       WYDEN                X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM        X                       STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY        X                       WHITEHOUS            X
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON       X                       WARNER               X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE        X                       MERKLEY              X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN         X                       KAINE                X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT         X                       VAN                  X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY       X                       HARRIS               X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER        X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    17. An amendment offered by Senators Merkley, Warner, and 
Kaine to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to 
supporting programs to analyze the threats to installations of 
the Department of Defense due to extreme storms, wildfire, 
droughts, rising sea level, and other conditions.
    The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    18. An amendment offered by Senator Harris to establish a 
deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to improving the 
affordability of rental housing for low-income families.
    The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    19. An amendment offered by Senator Grassley to establish a 
deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to changes in Federal 
flood control efforts and river management laws.
    The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    20. An amendment offered by Senator Murray to modify 
section 4104 providing adjustment authority if such measure 
provides equal adjustments to the revised security and revised 
nonsecurity categories.
    The amendment was not agreed to by a roll call vote of 9 
ayes and 11 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)             X               SANDERS       X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY              X               MURRAY        X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO                 X               WYDEN         X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM                X               STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY                X               WHITEHOUS     X
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON               X               WARNER        X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE                X               MERKLEY       X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN                 X               KAINE         X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT                 X               VAN           X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY               X               HARRIS        X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER                X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    21. An amendment offered by Senator Sanders to establish a 
deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to a clean audit opinion 
at the Department of Defense.
    The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    22. An amendment offered by Senator Murray to strike the 
reconciliation instructions to the Senate Committee on Health, 
Education, Labor, and Pensions.
    The amendment was not agreed to by a roll call vote of 9 
ayes and 11 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)             X               SANDERS       X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY              X               MURRAY        X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO                 X               WYDEN         X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM                X               STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY                X               WHITEHOUS     X
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON               X               WARNER        X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE                X               MERKLEY       X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN                 X               KAINE         X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT                 X               VAN           X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY               X               HARRIS        X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER                X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    23. An amendment offered by Senator Wyden to modify a 
deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to promoting economic 
growth to include as part of Federal tax reform, providing a 
tax cut to working families and the middle class while making 
sure that the top 1 percent and multinational corporations pay 
their fair share.
    The amendment was not agreed to by a roll call vote of 9 
ayes and 11 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)             X               SANDERS       X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY              X               MURRAY        X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO                 X               WYDEN         X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM                X               STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY                X               WHITEHOUS     X
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON               X               WARNER        X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE                X               MERKLEY       X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN                 X               KAINE         X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT                 X               VAN           X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY               X               HARRIS        X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER                X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    24. An amendment offered by Senator Grassley to modify a 
deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to promoting economic 
growth to include as part of Federal tax reform, providing 
continued tax relief to working families and the middle class.
    The amendment was agreed to by a roll call vote of 11 ayes 
and 8 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)     X                       SANDERS              X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY      X                       MURRAY               X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO         X                       WYDEN                X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM        X                       STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY        X                       WHITEHOUS
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON       X                       WARNER               X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE        X                       MERKLEY              X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN         X                       KAINE                X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT         X                       VAN                  X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY       X                       HARRIS               X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER        X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    25. An amendment offered by Senator Harris to establish a 
deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to providing middle class 
tax relief, including by extending and expanding refundable tax 
credits.
    The amendment was not agreed to by a roll call vote of 8 
ayes and 11 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)             X               SANDERS       X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY              X               MURRAY        X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO                 X               WYDEN         X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM                X               STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY                X               WHITEHOUS
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON               X               WARNER        X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE                X               MERKLEY       X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN                 X               KAINE         X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT                 X               VAN           X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY               X               HARRIS        X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER                X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    26. An amendment offered by Senator Grassley to establish a 
deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to changes in Federal tax 
laws, which may include continued tax relief to working 
families and the middle class.
    The amendment was agreed to by a roll call vote of 11 ayes 
and 8 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)     X                       SANDERS              X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY      X                       MURRAY               X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO         X                       WYDEN                X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM        X                       STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY        X                       WHITEHOUS
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON       X                       WARNER               X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE        X                       MERKLEY              X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN         X                       KAINE                X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT         X                       VAN                  X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY       X                       HARRIS               X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER        X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    27. An amendment offered by Senators Warner, Kaine, and 
Harris to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to 
addressing health, safety, and environmental hazards for 
tenants of military barracks or military family housing.
    The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    28. An amendment offered by Senators Warner, Kaine, and Van 
Hollen to prohibit the use of Federal civilian employees' 
contributions as an offset.
    The amendment was not agreed to by a roll call vote of 8 
ayes and 11 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)             X               SANDERS       X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY              X               MURRAY        X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO                 X               WYDEN         X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM                X               STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY                X               WHITEHOUS
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON               X               WARNER        X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE                X               MERKLEY       X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN                 X               KAINE         X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT                 X               VAN           X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY               X               HARRIS        X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER                X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    29. An amendment offered by Senator Merkley to establish a 
deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to a prohibition on the 
use of funds for internment camps for migrant children and 
families or unlicensed and unregulated jails for children.
    The amendment was not agreed to by a roll call vote of 8 
ayes and 11 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)             X               SANDERS       X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY              X               MURRAY        X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO                 X               WYDEN         X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM                X               STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY                X               WHITEHOUS
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON               X               WARNER        X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE                X               MERKLEY       X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN                 X               KAINE         X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT                 X               VAN           X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY               X               HARRIS        X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER                X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    30. An amendment offered by Senator Johnson to establish a 
deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to providing the 
Department of Homeland Security with the necessary resources to 
protect migrant children and families.
    The amendment was agreed to by a roll call vote of 11 ayes 
and 9 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)     X                       SANDERS              X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY      X                       MURRAY               X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO         X                       WYDEN                X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM        X                       STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY        X                       WHITEHOUS            X
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON       X                       WARNER               X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE        X                       MERKLEY              X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN         X                       KAINE                X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT         X                       VAN                  X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY       X                       HARRIS               X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER        X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    31. An amendment offered by Senator Van Hollen to establish 
a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to reducing 
prescription drug costs for Americans.
    The amendment was agreed to by a roll call vote of 14 ayes 
and 6 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)     X                       SANDERS       X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY              X               MURRAY        X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO                 X               WYDEN         X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM                X               STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY                X               WHITEHOUS     X
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON               X               WARNER        X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE                X               MERKLEY       X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN         X                       KAINE         X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT         X                       VAN           X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY       X                       HARRIS        X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER        X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    32. An amendment offered by Senators Wyden and Grassley to 
establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to the 
addition of Target Denial Reviews in the allowable activities 
in Section 815 of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015.
    The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    33. An amendment offered by Senator Grassley to modify a 
deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to strengthening 
Americans families to include providing transitional supports 
to States implementing the Family First Prevention Services 
Act.
    The amendment was agreed to by a voice vote.
    Following the voice vote on the Wyden and Grassley 
amendments, Senator Enzi made a motion to report the 
resolution. The motion was agreed to and the resolution 
reported by a roll call vote of 11 ayes and 9 noes.

 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name &                     Answer     Name &                   Answer
  State      Aye     No     Present     State      Aye     No    Present
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENZI (WY)     X                       SANDERS              X
 (Chairma                              (VT)
 n)                                    (Ranking
                                       )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASSLEY      X                       MURRAY               X
 (IA)                                  (WA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAPO         X                       WYDEN                X
 (ID)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAHAM        X                       STABENOW
 (SC)                                  (MI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOOMEY        X                       WHITEHOUS            X
 (PA)                                  E (RI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
JOHNSON       X                       WARNER               X
 (WI)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERDUE        X                       MERKLEY              X
 (GA)                                  (OR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BRAUN         X                       KAINE                X
 (IN)                                  (VA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT         X                       VAN                  X
 (FL)                                  HOLLEN
                                       (MD)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KENNEDY       X                       HARRIS               X
 (LA)                                  (CA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAMER        X
 (ND)
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                          VIEWS AND ESTIMATES

                              ----------                              

    The Views and Estimates for fiscal year 2020 received from 
the various committees follow:
                                                                   Page
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.............................    64
Appropriations...................................................    67
Armed Services...................................................    69
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs..............................    72
Commerce, Science, and Transportation............................    80
Energy and Natural Resources.....................................   106
Environment and Public Works.....................................   108
Finance..........................................................   121
Foreign Relations................................................   133
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions...........................   141
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.......................   178
Indian Affairs...................................................   199
Judiciary........................................................   214
Rules and Administration.........................................   229
Small Business and Entrepreneurship..............................   232
Veterans' Affairs................................................   251
[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                     ADDITIONAL AND MINORITY VIEWS

                              ----------                              


       Statement of Ranking Member Bernard Sanders of the Budget

    Mr. Chairman, let me begin by thanking you for doing what 
no other previous Budget Committee Chairman has done: For the 
second time in a row, you and your staff have released your 
Budget Resolution 5 days prior to our mark-up. And I appreciate 
that very much.
    But Mr. Chairman, that's the end of my compliments. The sad 
truth is that the budget you released on Friday, and the Trump 
budget that was released a couple of weeks ago, would be an 
absolute disaster for the American people.
    What is remarkable about the Senate Republican Budget, as 
well as President Trump's budget, is that it does exactly the 
opposite of what the American people want. At a time of massive 
income and wealth inequality, when the three wealthiest 
families own more wealth than the bottom half of the American 
people, when the top 1 percent owns more wealth than the bottom 
92 percent, when 46 percent of all new income is going to the 
top 1 percent, the American people want a budget whose 
priorities reflect the needs of ordinary Americans--not just 
those on the top.
    But, unfortunately, the Republican budget does just that.
    This is a budget that moves our country rapidly into the 
direction of oligarchy. It constitutes a massive transfer of 
wealth from the working class to the billionaire class.
    It is the Robin Hood principle in reverse. It takes from 
those in need and gives to the wealthiest people in America--
those who are doing phenomenally well and have never had it so 
good.
    Mr. Chairman, I frankly do not understand why Republicans 
seem to have such a hatred toward providing health care to the 
American people. Today, in America, 34 million Americans have 
no health insurance, and even more, are under-insured with high 
deductibles and co-payments, and one out of five Americans 
cannot afford the outrageously high prices that the 
pharmaceutical industry charges us for prescription drugs.
    There are estimates that over 30,000 of our fellow 
Americans die every single year because they don't get to a 
doctor when they should because they are uninsured. We are the 
only major country on earth that does not guarantee health care 
to all of our people.
    Given that reality, why in God's name would you want to do 
the same thing that Trump's budget does which is to try and 
repeal the Affordable Care Act, throw 32 million Americans off 
of the health insurance they have, take away health insurance 
coverage from Americans 26 years of age and younger who are on 
their parents health insurance plans, end the subsidies low and 
middle-income Americans receive through the health insurance 
exchanges, substantially increase premiums for older workers, 
and raise prescription drug prices for senior citizens. Why do 
you want to do all of that? Why do you want to cause so much 
pain for the American people? I honestly don't get it.
    Further, and importantly, when you propose to end the 
Affordable Care Act, you are eliminating protections for pre 
existing conditions. That means that if someone has diabetes, 
asthma, heart disease, cancer and tries to get private health 
insurance, what the Republicans are proposing will either 
greatly increase their premiums or make it virtually impossible 
for them to get any health insurance at all.
    You tell me how much would a private health insurance 
company charge a 55-year old man or woman in the midst of 
cancer treatment which involves chemotherapy and radiation?
    And you tell me, Mr. Chairman how many working class 
families will simply not be able to pay that cost and how many 
people will die as a result.
    Over and over again, during his campaign for president, 
Donald Trump promised the American people that he would not cut 
Medicare, Medicaid or Social Security.
    On May 7, 2015, Trump tweeted: ``I was the first & only 
potential GOP candidate to State there will be no cuts to 
Social Security, Medicare & Medicaid.''
    On August 10, 2015, Trump said: ``[I will] save Medicare, 
Medicaid and Social Security without cuts.
    [We] have to do it . . . People have been paying in for 
years, and now many of these candidates want to cut it.''
    That's what Trump said during his campaign. Unfortunately, 
he lied--as he often does. His budget proposes a $1.5 trillion 
cut to Medicaid, $845 billion cut to Medicare and a $25 billion 
cut to
    Social Security. The Republican Senate budget does not go 
as far as Trump did in his disastrous budget, but it would also 
cause incalculable harm to tens of millions of Americans.
    Like Trump, the Republicans eliminate the Affordable Care 
Act with all of the horrible ramifications that that would 
bring about.
    In addition, they would cut Medicaid by $223 billion over 5 
years--not 10 years. They would cut Medicare by $77 billion 
over the next 5 years--not 10 years.
    In America today, Medicaid pays for more than two-thirds of 
all of the nursing home care in our country. What happens to 
senior citizens with Alzheimer's and other serious illnesses 
who have their nursing home coverage paid for by Medicaid, if 
that program is cut by hundreds of billions of dollars?
    And it's not just seniors. Today, Medicaid covers millions 
of children with special needs. We are the only major country 
on Earth not to guarantee health care to all people, and this 
budget would then throw tens of thousands of children with 
special needs off of the health insurance they have. We have an 
opioid epidemic from one end of this country to the next. But 
when you cut Medicaid, you make it much harder for communities, 
cities, and States to deal with this terrible crisis.
    Further, just like Trump's budget, the Republican Senate 
budget that will make it harder for our children to get a 
decent education, harder to protect the air that we breathe and 
water we drink, and harder for the elderly to live out their 
retirement years with dignity and respect.
    If you are a working-class student trying to figure out how 
you could possibly afford college, your dream of a college 
education could evaporate along with 7 million other students 
because of more than $55 billion in cuts to Pell Grants and 
other student financial assistance programs.
    If you are a low-income pregnant woman you may no longer 
receive the nutrition assistance that you and your newborn baby 
need because the Republican budget would make about $4.6 
billion in cuts to the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) 
program.
    If you are a lower income senior citizen, you may no longer 
be able to keep your home warm in the winter because of a $3.2 
billion cut to the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program.
    Further, at a time when millions of Americans are paying 40 
or 50 percent of their limited incomes on housing, this budget 
eliminates housing assistance for nearly 700,000 families by 
making a $36 billion cut to the Section 8 rental assistance 
program and other housing programs.
    At a time when the cost of childcare has skyrocketed, the 
Republican budget eliminates Head Start services for nearly 
175,000 children by cutting this program by $8.6 billion.
    In total, the Republican budget would cut more than $1.1 
trillion from education, health care, affordable housing, child 
care, transportation, and other programs that working people 
desperately need over the next 5 years.
    So the bad news is that if you are a low-income or working 
class American this budget will be a disaster for you. But, 
here is the good news. If you are a billionaire or in the top 1 
percent, you should immediately write to the Republican 
leadership and tell them how grateful you are for this budget--
because it works very well for you.
    If you are the Koch brothers, the third wealthiest family 
in America worth over $100 billion, you will continue to 
receive a
    $1 billion tax break--each and every year--as a result of 
the Trump tax plan.
    If you are Sheldon Adelson, a multi-billionaire casino 
magnate, you will continue to receive a $526 million tax break 
from the Trump tax plan--each and every year.
    If you are a large corporation like Amazon, Netflix, 
General Motors or IBM you will continue to make billions in 
profits, but pay nothing in Federal income taxes.
    Mr. Chairman, poll after poll after poll tells us that the 
American people do not want us to cut Medicare or Medicaid or 
education or nutrition programs--but that is exactly what the 
Republican budget does.
    Poll after poll tells us that the overwhelming majority of 
the American people believe that the wealthiest Americans 
should pay more in taxes.
    But the Republican budget allows the wealthiest Americans 
to continue receiving massive tax breaks.
    Mr. Chairman, the American people fully understand that the 
Congress works night and day to protect the interests of the 
wealthy and powerful, while ignoring their needs. And that is 
exactly what this budget does.
    Let us reject this budget and write a budget that works for 
all Americans, not just the 1-percent.
[GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

               Opening Statement of Hon. Debbie Stabenow

    Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for convening this hearing.
    The Federal budget should reflect our Nation's priorities 
and values. I understand that the Chairman values reducing the 
deficit, and I share that sentiment.
    I believe that we can find common-sense ways to reduce the 
deficit while maintaining investments in important priorities.
    In 1997, I was in the House of Representatives and part of 
the effort when we balanced the budget for the first time in 30 
years. We made tough choices focused on growing our economy and 
strengthening the middle-class.
    However, these last few years have shown that this 
Republican-led Senate says one thing and does another.
    One day they're talking about reining in deficits. The next 
day they're pushing legislation that puts our Nation on an 
unsustainable fiscal path. Just take a look at the 2017 
Republican tax bill.
    According to the Congressional Budget Office, the 2017 
Republican tax bill will add nearly $1.9 trillion to the 
national debt.
    And now--just as we predicted--this Administration and this 
Committee want Congress to pay for that huge tax giveaway for 
the wealthiest among us by cutting priorities important to 
Michigan families.
    Let me say that again: The Republican Majority is asking us 
to pay for a huge tax giveaway for the wealthy by taking 
funding away from things important to American families 
including Medicare, Medicaid, and support for public education
    This Republican budget would cut $77 billion from Medicare. 
That is an attack on seniors.
    This Republican budget would cut nearly $223 billion from 
Medicaid while 2 out of 3 seniors get their nursing home care 
through Medicaid. And half of all babies born in America have 
their health care through Medicaid. That is an attack on 
seniors, families and children.
    This budget would cut $171 billion from education programs 
including support for afterschool programs, teacher training 
and professional development, and Special Olympics. This is a 
budget for Betsy DeVos . .. not for children and teachers in 
Michigan.
    Budgets reflect our priorities and values. This budget 
suggests that Republicans prioritize the wealthiest and well-
connected while asking seniors . . . children . . . and working 
families to pick up the tab.
    Instead of this Republican budget, this Committee should 
pass a bipartisan budget that values the American people.
    We should pass a real budget that improves access to health 
care, and makes real investments to drive economic growth.
    We can start by rejecting cuts to Medicare and Medicaid and 
stopping the ceaseless attacks on the Affordable Care Act.
    Millions of Americans have received coverage through the 
ACA. Yet just this week, the Trump Administration has come out 
in support of completely repealing the ACA.
    That means almost 700,000 people would lose access to 
health care through Healthy Michigan, our Medicaid expansion.
    That means the Medicare ``donut hole'' would reopen, 
jacking up prescription prices for seniors.
    That means families would no longer be able to insure their 
children up to age 26.
    And that means no more protections for people with pre 
existing conditions.
    We need to stop attacking health care and start valuing 
people.
    And while we are at it, let's stop taking valuable 
resources away from our Nation's public schools and start 
putting meaningful resources into job training programs that 
get people the skills they need to get ahead.
    In Michigan, we make things and we grow things. If we want 
a strong economy, we need to invest in our infrastructure--
bridges and roads and high-speed internet service in every part 
of the country.
    We need to protect our natural resources including our 
beautiful Great Lakes, so they can be enjoyed by our 
grandchildren and their grandchildren.
    And we need to invest in our VA Health care system so it 
can continue to serve those who have put their lives on the 
line to defend our country.
    Veterans shouldn't stand in the back of any line, not for 
education, housing, a good job, the military honors they've 
earned, or for health care.
    The Federal budget should reflect our Nation's priorities 
and values. This budget proposal neglects our priorities and 
fails to live up to our values.
    Tomorrow, I hope my Republican colleagues will join me in 
crafting a budget resolution that respects the American people.
    I look forward to this markup.

  Statement Submitted by Hon. Debbie Stabenow on the Fiscal Year 2020 
                           Budget Resolution

    The Federal budget should reflect our Nation's priorities 
and values. A smart budget should grow our economy, strengthen 
the middle class, support our Nation's farmers, and protect the 
most vulnerable among us.
    I believe that we can find common-sense ways to reduce the 
deficit while protecting key programs that American families 
and communities count on. Unfortunately, this budget falls 
short and fails too many Americans.
    The Senate Republican Budget cuts Medicare, Medicaid, and 
other social safety net programs. This budget cuts $77 billion 
from Medicare and nearly $233 billion from Medicaid. 
Furthermore, it once again repeals the Affordable Care Act. The 
Senate Republican Budget also directs the Senate Committee on 
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry to implement deep cuts to 
programs that are vital to rural America. These actions will 
reduce the quality of life for millions of Americans including 
seniors, working families, and farmers.
    Had I been present for the vote on the motion to report 
this budget resolution, I would have voted no.

                       Submission for the Record

                          From Senator Cramer

                           Fiscal Year Budget

                             Date: 3/28/19

                        Senate Budget Committee

                           Opening Statement

    Thank you Mr. Chairman.

    Families in my State know the importance of fiscal 
responsibility. They adhere to their budgets because they know 
the consequences of excessive debt. However-unfortunately too 
often Congress sees budgets as optional. Though passing a 
budget is an important step in the appropriations process, our 
efforts today may hold little sway as the Appropriations 
committee drafts their spending bills. This process is broken. 
We should not have a system that ignores budgets and encourages 
omnibus spending packages. If we are going to get our fiscal 
house in order, we must begin with reforming our budget and 
appropriations process.
    Furthermore, we must have the political confidence to make 
tough decisions and tackle our Nation's spending problem on 
both the mandatory and discretionary side of the ledger. To 
this end, this budget is a step in the right direction. It 
recommends relatively modest reforms that would put our country 
on a more fiscally responsible path.
    As we make reforms, we must preserve programs that are 
vital to our Nation's economy. I understand the budget directs 
the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry to find 
savings. There are savings to be found in some of the 
entitlement programs the Committee oversees; however, it is 
critical we preserve the risk management and commodity programs 
our farmers and ranchers rely on. For this reason, I have 
introduced an amendment that would create a deficit neutral 
reserve fund for the preservation of agriculture risk 
management programs (such as crop insurance).
    Additionally, it is important we continue increasing 
investments in our military and ensure we care for those who 
have served our country. I have introduced a second amendment 
that would ensure this budget protects funding for our 
veterans. Our veterans have given everything in service to our 
county, and it is critical we give them the care they have 
earned.
    As I Stated, this budget is a step in the right direction, 
but there is much more work to be done. I look forward to 
working with this committee to reform our budget and 
appropriations process and to get our Nation's fiscal house in 
order.
[GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                                    [all]