[WPRT 105-7] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office][Ways and Means Committee Print WMCP:105-7] [1998 Green Book] [From the U.S. Government Printing Office Online via GPO Access] 105th Congress WMCP: 2d Session COMMITTEE PRINT 105-7 _______________________________________________________________________ COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ---------- 1998 GREEN BOOK BACKGROUND MATERIAL AND DATA ON PROGRAMS WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#13 MAY 19, 1998 Prepared for the use of Members of the Committee on Ways and Means by members of its staff. This document has not been officially approved by the Committee and may not reflect the views of its Members U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 37-945 CC WASHINGTON : 1998 COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ---------- ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS BILL ARCHER, Texas, Chairman ---------- A.L. Singleton, Chief of Staff This document was prepared by the majority staff of the Committee on Ways and Means and is issued under the authority of Chairman Bill Archer. This document has not been reviewed or officially approved by the Members of the Committee. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL ---------- U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Ways and Means, Washington, DC, May 1, 1998 Hon. Bill Archer, Chairman, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, Washington, DC. Dear Chairman Archer: Since 1981, the Committee on Ways and Means has published the Green Book which presents background material and statistical data on the major entitlement programs and other activities within the Committee's jurisdiction. Information on major social programs outside the Committee's jurisdiction is also included. Since its inception 17 years ago, the Green Book has become a valuable resource for Members of the Committee, other Members of Congress, analysts in the various legislative agencies, officials in the executive departments, scholars who study these programs, and citizens interested in government social programs. On behalf of all those who worked on this, the 16th edition, I am pleased to transmit to you and other Members of the Committee on Ways and Means the 1998 Green Book. The Committee staff who worked on the 1998 Green Book wish to call to your attention, and to the attention of Green Book users, the superb help we have received from many individuals and organizations. These include: The Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress: David Koitz, Coordinator Jennifer O'Sullivan, Coordinator (Health Programs) Vee Burke William Krouse Pam Smith Larry Eig Frances Larkins Dennis Snook Barbara English Carolyn Merck Carmen Solomon- Gene Falk Christina Miller Fears Melvina Ford Jennifer Neisner Karen Spar Molly Forman Richard Price James Storey Celinda Franco Patrick Purcell Joyce Vialet Beth Fuchs Joe Richardson Ruth Wasem Thomas E. Gabe Alexandra Salinas Heidi Yacker Paul Graney Gary Sidor Geoffrey Kollmann Madeleine Smith The Congressional Budget Office: Murray Ross, Coordinator Tom Bradley Julia Matson Jennifer Winkler Sandra Christensen Bruce Vavrichek Carla Pedone Roberton Williams The Census Bureau of the Department of Commerce: Chuck Nelson, Coordinator Eleanor Baugher Martin O'Connell Lydia Scoon-Rogers Rosalind Bruno R. Colby Perkins Denise Smith Lynn Casper Bernadette Proctor Shirley Smith Gordon Lester Arlene Saluter The Department of Health and Human Services: Jeffrey Merkowitz, Coordinator Lisa Bernhardt Ken Kochanek James Rich Sally Curtin George Lintzeris Stephanie Ventura John Drabek Joyce Martin Alan Yaffe John Gaudiosi Kathryn Moss Andrew Yoo Renee Jackson Ellen O'Brien Cliff Johnson Kate Prager The Department of Labor: John Colbert, Coordinator Virginia Chupp Cheryl Kerr Curtis Kooser Gerri Fiala Russell T. Kile Michael Miller The Social Security Administration: Webster Phillips, Coordinator and many other individuals Medicare Payment Advisory Commission: David Colby Stuart Gutterman Jack Hoadley The Physician Payment Review Commission: David Colby, Coordinator The Prospective Payment Assessment Commission: Stuart Gutterman, Coordinator Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation: Joseph Grant, Coordinator Michael Rae The Joint Committee on Taxation: Joseph W. Nega, Coordinator Railroad Retirement Board Staff Many members of the Committee's majority staff made major contributions to the preparation and publication of this document. Ron Haskins, Staff Director of the Subcommittee on Human Resources, assisted by Matt Weidinger and Cassie Statuto Bevan of the Subcommittee staff, edited the 1998 Green Book. Scot Smith and Shavonne McNeill provided editorial assistance. Margaret Pratt coordinated our contacts with the agencies that participated in the preparation of sections and tables, typed and retyped much of the text and all the tables, assisted in preparation of the final manuscript, and generally handled the numerous details that accompany a major undertaking of this type. Suzanne Kayne spent endless hours preparing the final manuscript for printing. Alix Salinas of the Congressional Research Service did an exemplary job preparing the index under serious time pressures. Other staff members who assisted with individual chapters or appendixes included: Thelma J. Askey, Jim Clark, Peter Davila, David Giroux, Ian Graham, Kim Hildred, Charles N. (Chip) Kahn III, Kacki Keith, Jamie Kendall, Ann- Marie Lynch, William (Mac) McKenney, Chris Smith, Donna Steele Flynn, Nancy Runge, Amy Upston, and Stephen Whitaker. Sincerely, A.L. ``Pete'' Singleton, Chief of Staff. PREFACE ---------- After 15 previous editions, the Green Book has become a standard reference source on American social policy. It is widely used by Members of Congress and their staffs, analysts in Congressional and administrative agencies, members of the media, scholars, and citizens interested in the Nation's social policy. This edition of the Green Book follows the basic pattern of previous editions. Thus, the volume is divided into two parts, Program Descriptions and Appendixes. In the Program Description part, separate sections are devoted to the major programs under jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means: Social Security, Medicare, Supplemental Security Income, Unemployment Compensation, Railroad Retirement and Unemployment Compensation, Trade Adjustment Assistance, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, Child Support Enforcement, Child Care, the Social Services Block Grant, Child Protection, welfare in outlying areas, tax provisions that confer social benefits, and the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. A final chapter summarizes major social programs that are not under jurisdiction of the Committee (including food stamps, Medicaid, housing, school lunch and breakfast, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, Job Training Partnership Act, Head Start, low-income home energy assistance, veterans benefits, and workers' compensation). The appendixes include information directly related to the programs under Committee jurisdiction, including health care of the elderly, health care expenditures, Medicare reimbursement, employment and unemployment, earnings, family demographics, poverty, benefits available to noncitizens, and Federal spending. This year's Green Book contains a number of changes from the 1996 edition. The chapters on Railroad Retirement and Railroad Unemployment Compensation have been combined into a single chapter and the appendix providing an overview of the 1996 welfare reform legislation has been replaced by an overview of the many research projects designed to examine the impacts of welfare reform. Enactment of welfare reform legislation (Public Law 104-193) has led to changes in several sections, especially those covering Supplemental Security Income, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Child Support Enforcement, and child care as well as the appendix on benefits for noncitizens. Similarly, provisions in the Adoption and Safe Families Act (Public Law 105-89) have been incorporated into the section on child protection. Finally, as a result of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (Public Law 105- 33), the sections on Medicare and TANF and the Medicaid portion of the section on Other Programs have been rewritten. C O N T E N T S __________ Page Letter of Transmittal............................................ iii Preface.......................................................... vi P R O G R A M D E S C R I P T I O N S Section 1. Social Security: The Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance Programs.................................. 1 Section 2. Medicare.............................................. 101 Section 3. Supplemental Security Income.......................... 261 Section 4. Unemployment Compensation............................. 327 Section 5. Earned Entitlements for Railroad Employees............ 361 Section 6. Trade Adjustment Assistance........................... 383 Section 7. Aid to Families with Dependent Children and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families.................................. 397 Section 8. Child Support Enforcement Program..................... 545 Section 9. Child Care............................................ 659 Section 10. Title XX Social Services Block Grant................. 713 Section 11. Child Protection, Foster Care, and Adoption Assistance..................................................... 727 Section 12. Social Welfare Programs in the Territories........... 823 Section 13. Tax Provisions Related to Retirement, Health, Poverty, Employment, Disability and Other Social Issues........ 835 Section 14. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation............. 903 Section 15. Other Programs....................................... 919 A P P E N D I X E S Appendix A. Data on the Elderly.................................. 1029 Appendix B. Health Status and Expenditures of the Elderly, and Background Data on Long-Term Care.............................. 1043 Appendix C. National and International Health Care Expenditures and Health Insurance Coverage.................................. 1069 Appendix D. Medicare Reimbursement to Hospitals.................. 1117 Appendix E. Medicare Reimbursement to Physicians................. 1195 Appendix F. Data on Employment, Earnings, and Unemployment....... 1233 Appendix G. Data on Families..................................... 1245 Appendix H. Data on Poverty...................................... 1297 Appendix I. Budget Tables........................................ 1349 Appendix J. Noncitizens.......................................... 1379 Appendix K. Spending for Income-Tested Benefits, Fiscal Years 1968-96........................................................ 1413 Appendix L. Monitoring the Effects of Welfare Reform............. 1425 Acronyms......................................................... 1449 Index............................................................ 1455