Federal Courts Jurisdiction and Venue Clarification Act of 2011 Public Law 112–63 Federal Courts Jurisdiction and Venue Clarification Act of 2011 63 112–63 Statute Compilation United States House of Representatives Office of the Legislative Counsel text/xml EN Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain. GPO Statute Compilations USLM converter, version 20210527.1 2021-10-15 Federal Courts Jurisdiction and Venue Clarification Act of 2011 9766 112 2011-12-07 Federal Courts Jurisdiction and Venue Clarification Act of 2011 [(Public Law 112–63)] [This law has not been amended] [Currency: This publication is a compilation of the text of Public Law 112-63. It was last amended by the public law listed in the As Amended Through note above and below at the bottom of each page of the pdf version and reflects current law through the date of the enactment of the public law listed at https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/comps/] [Note: While this publication does not represent an official version of any Federal statute, substantial efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of its contents. The official version of Federal law is found in the United States Statutes at Large and in the United States Code. The legal effect to be given to the Statutes at Large and the United States Code is established by statute (1 U.S.C. 112, 204).]
AN ACTTo amend title 28, United States Code, to clarify the jurisdiction of the Federal courts, and for other purposes.Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. (a) Short Title.—This Act may be cited as the “Federal Courts Jurisdiction and Venue Clarification Act of 2011”. (b) Table of Contents.—The table of contents for this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. TITLE I— Sec. 101. Sec. 102. Sec. 103. Sec. 104. Sec. 105. TITLE II— Sec. 201. Sec. 202. Sec. 203. Sec. 204. Sec. 205.
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="I">TITLE I—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">JURISDICTIONAL IMPROVEMENTS </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s101" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="101">SEC. 101. </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">TREATMENT OF RESIDENT ALIENS. </heading> <chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">Section 1332(a) of title 28, United States Code, is amended—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s101/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">by striking the last sentence; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s101/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">in paragraph (2), by inserting after “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">foreign state</quotedText>” the following: “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">, except that the district courts shall not have original jurisdiction under this subsection of an action between citizens of a State and citizens or subjects of a foreign state who are lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States and are domiciled in the same State</quotedText>”.</content> </paragraph> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s102" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="102">SEC. 102. </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">CITIZENSHIP OF CORPORATIONS AND INSURANCE COMPANIES WITH FOREIGN CONTACTS. </heading> <chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">Section 1332(c)(1) of title 28, United States Code, is amended—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s102/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">any State</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">every State and foreign state</quotedText>”;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s102/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">the State</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">the State or foreign state</quotedText>”; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s102/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">by striking all that follows “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">party-defendant,</quotedText>” and inserting<quotedContent style="-uslm-dtd:quoted-block" class="inline"><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">“such insurer shall be deemed a citizen of—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">“(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">every State and foreign state of which the insured is a citizen;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">“(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">every State and foreign state by which the insurer has been incorporated; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="C">“(C) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the State or foreign state where the insurer has its principal place of business; and”</content> </subparagraph></quotedContent>.</content> </paragraph> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="103">SEC. 103. </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">REMOVAL AND REMAND PROCEDURES. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Actions Removable Generally.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Section 1441 of title 28, United States Code, is amended as follows:</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/a/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The section heading is amended by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote"><headingText style="-uslm-dtd:header-in-text">Actions removable generally</headingText></quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote"><headingText style="-uslm-dtd:header-in-text">Removal of civil actions</headingText></quotedText>”.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/a/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Subsection (a) is amended—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/a/2/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(a) Except</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(a) Generally.—Except</quotedText>”; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/a/2/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">by striking the last sentence;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/a/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Subsection (b) is amended to read as follows:<quotedContent style="-uslm-dtd:quoted-block"> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">“(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Removal Based on Diversity of Citizenship. </heading><paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In determining whether a civil action is removable on the basis of the jurisdiction under section 1332(a) of this title, the citizenship of defendants sued under fictitious names shall be disregarded.</content></paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">“(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">A civil action otherwise removable solely on the basis of the jurisdiction under section 1332(a) of this title may not be removed if any of the parties in interest properly joined and served as defendants is a citizen of the State in which such action is brought.”</content> </paragraph> </subsection></quotedContent>.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/a/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Subsection (c) is amended to read as follows:<quotedContent style="-uslm-dtd:quoted-block"> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">“(c) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Joinder of Federal Law Claims and State Law Claims. </heading><paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">If a civil action includes—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">“(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">a claim arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States (within the meaning of section 1331 of this title), and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">“(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">a claim not within the original or supplemental jurisdiction of the district court or a claim that has been made nonremovable by statute,</content> </subparagraph></paragraph><continuation style="-uslm-dtd:continuation-text" role="subsection">the entire action may be removed if the action would be removable without the inclusion of the claim described in subparagraph (B).</continuation> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">“(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Upon removal of an action described in paragraph (1), the district court shall sever from the action all claims described in paragraph (1)(B) and shall remand the severed claims to the State court from which the action was removed. Only defendants against whom a claim described in paragraph (1)(A) has been asserted are required to join in or consent to the removal under paragraph (1).”</content> </paragraph> </subsection></quotedContent>.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/a/5" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Subsection (d) is amended by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(d) Any</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(d) Actions Against Foreign States.—Any</quotedText>”.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/a/6" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="6">(6) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Subsection (e) is amended by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(e)(1) Notwithstanding</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(e) Multiparty, Multiforum Jurisdiction.—(1) Notwithstanding</quotedText>”.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/a/7" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="7">(7) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Subsection (f) is amended by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(f) The court</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(f) Derivative Removal Jurisdiction.—The court</quotedText>”.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Procedure for Removal of Civil Actions.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Section 1446 of title 28, United States Code, is amended as follows:</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/b/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The section heading is amended to read as follows:<quotedContent style="-uslm-dtd:quoted-block"> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1446">“SEC. 1446. </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Procedure for removal of civil actions”</heading> </section></quotedContent>.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/b/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Subsection (a) is amended—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/b/2/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(a) A defendant</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(a) Generally.—A defendant</quotedText>”; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/b/2/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">or criminal prosecution</quotedText>”.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/b/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Subsection (b) is amended—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/b/3/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(b) The notice</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(b) Requirements; Generally.—(1) The notice</quotedText>”; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/b/3/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">by striking the second paragraph and inserting the following:<quotedContent style="-uslm-dtd:quoted-block"> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">“(2)</num><subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">When a civil action is removed solely under section 1441(a), all defendants who have been properly joined and served must join in or consent to the removal of the action.</content></subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">“(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Each defendant shall have 30 days after receipt by or service on that defendant of the initial pleading or summons described in paragraph (1) to file the notice of removal.</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="C">“(C) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">If defendants are served at different times, and a later-served defendant files a notice of removal, any earlier-served defendant may consent to the removal even though that earlier-served defendant did not previously initiate or consent to removal.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">“(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Except as provided in subsection (c), if the case stated by the initial pleading is not removable, a notice of removal may be filed within thirty days after receipt by the defendant, through service or otherwise, of a copy of an amended pleading, motion, order or other paper from which it may first be ascertained that the case is one which is or has become removable.”</content> </paragraph></quotedContent>;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/b/3/C" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="C">(C) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:<quotedContent style="-uslm-dtd:quoted-block"> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">“(c) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Requirements; Removal Based on Diversity of Citizenship. </heading><paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">A case may not be removed under subsection (b)(3) on the basis of jurisdiction conferred by section 1332 more than 1 year after commencement of the action, unless the district court finds that the plaintiff has acted in bad faith in order to prevent a defendant from removing the action.</content></paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">“(2) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">If removal of a civil action is sought on the basis of the jurisdiction conferred by section 1332(a), the sum demanded in good faith in the initial pleading shall be deemed to be the amount in controversy, except that—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">“(A) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">the notice of removal may assert the amount in controversy if the initial pleading seeks—</chapeau> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="i">“(i) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">nonmonetary relief; or</content> </clause> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="ii">“(ii) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">a money judgment, but the State practice either does not permit demand for a specific sum or permits recovery of damages in excess of the amount demanded; and</content> </clause> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">“(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">removal of the action is proper on the basis of an amount in controversy asserted under subparagraph (A) if the district court finds, by the preponderance of the evidence, that the amount in controversy exceeds the amount specified in section 1332(a).</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">“(3)</num><subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">If the case stated by the initial pleading is not removable solely because the amount in controversy does not exceed the amount specified in section 1332(a), information relating to the amount in controversy in the record of the State proceeding, or in responses to discovery, shall be treated as an ‘<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">other paper</quotedText>’ under subsection (b)(3).</content></subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">“(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">If the notice of removal is filed more than 1 year after commencement of the action and the district court finds that the plaintiff deliberately failed to disclose the actual amount in controversy to prevent removal, that finding shall be deemed bad faith under paragraph (1).”</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection></quotedContent>.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/b/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Section 1446 is further amended—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/b/4/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">in subsection (d), by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(d) Promptly</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(d) Notice to Adverse Parties and State Court.—Promptly</quotedText>”;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/b/4/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">thirty days</quotedText>” each place it appears and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">30 days</quotedText>”;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/b/4/C" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="C">(C) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">by striking subsection (e); and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/b/4/D" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="D">(D) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">in subsection (f), by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(f) With respect</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(e) Counterclaim in 337 Proceeding.—With respect</quotedText>”.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Procedure for Removal of Criminal Actions.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Chapter 89 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:<quotedContent style="-uslm-dtd:quoted-block"> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1455">“SEC. 1455. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t28/s1455">28 U.S.C. 1455</ref>.Notic<b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Procedure for removal of criminal prosecutions </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">“(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Notice of Removal. </heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">A defendant or defendants desiring to remove any criminal prosecution from a State court shall file in the district court of the United States for the district and division within which such prosecution is pending a notice of removal signed pursuant to Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and containing a short and plain statement of the grounds for removal, together with a copy of all process, pleadings, and orders served upon such defendant or defendants in such action.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">“(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Requirements. </heading><paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">A notice of removal of a criminal prosecution shall be filed not later than 30 days after the arraignment in the State court, or at any time before trial, whichever is earlier, except that for good cause shown the United States district court may enter an order granting the defendant or defendants leave to file the notice at a later time.</content></paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">“(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">A notice of removal of a criminal prosecution shall include all grounds for such removal. A failure to state grounds that exist at the time of the filing of the notice shall constitute a waiver of such grounds, and a second notice may be filed only on grounds not existing at the time of the original notice. For good cause shown, the United States district court may grant relief from the limitations of this paragraph.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">“(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The filing of a notice of removal of a criminal prosecution shall not prevent the State court in which such prosecution is pending from proceeding further, except that a judgment of conviction shall not be entered unless the prosecution is first remanded.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">“(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The United States district court in which such notice is filed shall examine the notice promptly. If it clearly appears on the face of the notice and any exhibits annexed thereto that removal should not be permitted, the court shall make an order for summary remand.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">“(5) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">If the United States district court does not order the summary remand of such prosecution, it shall order an evidentiary hearing to be held promptly and, after such hearing, shall make such disposition of the prosecution as justice shall require. If the United States district court determines that removal shall be permitted, it shall so notify the State court in which prosecution is pending, which shall proceed no further.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">“(c) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Writ of Habeas Corpus. </heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">If the defendant or defendants are in actual custody on process issued by the State court, the district court shall issue its writ of habeas corpus, and the marshal shall thereupon take such defendant or defendants into the marshal’s custody and deliver a copy of the writ to the clerk of such State court.”</content> </subsection> </section></quotedContent>.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/d" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Conforming Amendments.—</heading> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/d/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The table of sections for chapter 89 of title 28, United States Code, is amended—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/d/1/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">in the item relating to section 1441, by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">Actions removable generally</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">Removal of civil actions</quotedText>”;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/d/1/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">in the item relating to section 1446, by inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">of civil actions</quotedText>” after “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">removal</quotedText>”; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/d/1/C" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="C">(C) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">by adding at the end the following new item:<foreign id="warning-d3306823e462" note="processing mode: unknown" role="passthroughContent"><compsdtd:table xmlns:compsdtd="http://schemas.gpo.gov/xml/comps-dtd" table-type="subformat" line-rules="no-gen" blank-lines-before="0" blank-lines-after="0"><compsdtd:tgroup cols="1"><compsdtd:tbody><compsdtd:row><compsdtd:entry colname="I42">“1455. Procedure for removal of criminal prosecutions.”.</compsdtd:entry></compsdtd:row></compsdtd:tbody></compsdtd:tgroup></compsdtd:table></foreign></content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s103/d/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Section 1453(b) of title 28, United States Code, is amended by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">1446(b)</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">1446(c)(1)</quotedText>”.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s104" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="104">SEC. 104. </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">TECHNICAL AMENDMENT. </heading> <content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">Section 1446(g) of title 28, United States Code, is amended by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">subsections (b) and (c)</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">subsection (b) of this section and paragraph (1) of section 1455(b)</quotedText>”.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s105" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="105">SEC. 105. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t28/s1332">28 U.S.C. 1332 note</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">EFFECTIVE DATE. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s105/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">In General.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Subject to subsection (b), the amendments made by this title shall take effect upon the expiration of the 30-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, and shall apply to any action or prosecution commenced on or after such effective date.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tI/s105/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Treatment of Cases Removed to Federal Court.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">For purposes of subsection (a), an action or prosecution commenced in State court and removed to Federal court shall be deemed to commence on the date the action or prosecution was commenced, within the meaning of State law, in State court.</content> </subsection> </section> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="II">TITLE II—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">VENUE AND TRANSFER IMPROVEMENTS </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s201" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="201">SEC. 201. </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s201/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">In General.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Chapter 87 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting before section 1391 the following new section:<quotedContent style="-uslm-dtd:quoted-block"> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1390">“SEC. 1390. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t28/s1390">28 U.S.C. 1390</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Scope </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">“(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Venue Defined. </heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">As used in this chapter, the term ‘<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">venue</quotedText>’ refers to the geographic specification of the proper court or courts for the litigation of a civil action that is within the subject-matter jurisdiction of the district courts in general, and does not refer to any grant or restriction of subject-matter jurisdiction providing for a civil action to be adjudicated only by the district court for a particular district or districts.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">“(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Exclusion of Certain Cases. </heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Except as otherwise provided by law, this chapter shall not govern the venue of a civil action in which the district court exercises the jurisdiction conferred by section 1333, except that such civil actions may be transferred between district courts as provided in this chapter.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">“(c) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Clarification Regarding Cases Removed From State Courts. </heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">This chapter shall not determine the district court to which a civil action pending in a State court may be removed, but shall govern the transfer of an action so removed as between districts and divisions of the United States district courts.”</content> </subsection> </section></quotedContent>.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s201/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Conforming Amendment.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 87 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting before the item relating to section 1391 the following new item:<quotedContent style="-uslm-dtd:quoted-block"> <toc style="-uslm-dtd:toc"> <referenceItem style="-uslm-dtd:toc-entry" role="section"><designator>“1390.</designator><label> Scope.”</label></referenceItem> </toc></quotedContent>.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s202" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="202">SEC. 202. </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">VENUE GENERALLY. </heading> <chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">Section 1391 of title 28, United States Code, is amended as follows:</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s202/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">By striking subsections (a) through (d) and inserting the following:<quotedContent style="-uslm-dtd:quoted-block"> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">“(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Applicability of Section. </heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Except as otherwise provided by law—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">“(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">this section shall govern the venue of all civil actions brought in district courts of the United States; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">“(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the proper venue for a civil action shall be determined without regard to whether the action is local or transitory in nature.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">“(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Venue in General. </heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">A civil action may be brought in—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">“(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">a judicial district in which any defendant resides, if all defendants are residents of the State in which the district is located;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">“(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">a judicial district in which a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred, or a substantial part of property that is the subject of the action is situated; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">“(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">if there is no district in which an action may otherwise be brought as provided in this section, any judicial district in which any defendant is subject to the court’s personal jurisdiction with respect to such action.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">“(c) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Residency. </heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">For all venue purposes—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">“(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">a natural person, including an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States, shall be deemed to reside in the judicial district in which that person is domiciled;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">“(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">an entity with the capacity to sue and be sued in its common name under applicable law, whether or not incorporated, shall be deemed to reside, if a defendant, in any judicial district in which such defendant is subject to the court’s personal jurisdiction with respect to the civil action in question and, if a plaintiff, only in the judicial district in which it maintains its principal place of business; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">“(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">a defendant not resident in the United States may be sued in any judicial district, and the joinder of such a defendant shall be disregarded in determining where the action may be brought with respect to other defendants.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">“(d) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Residency of Corporations in States With Multiple Districts. </heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">For purposes of venue under this chapter, in a State which has more than one judicial district and in which a defendant that is a corporation is subject to personal jurisdiction at the time an action is commenced, such corporation shall be deemed to reside in any district in that State within which its contacts would be sufficient to subject it to personal jurisdiction if that district were a separate State, and, if there is no such district, the corporation shall be deemed to reside in the district within which it has the most significant contacts.”</content> </subsection></quotedContent>.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s202/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">In subsection (e)—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s202/2/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">in the first paragraph—</chapeau> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s202/2/A/i" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="i">(i) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(1)</quotedText>”, “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(2)</quotedText>”, and “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(3)</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(A)</quotedText>”, “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(B)</quotedText>”, and “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(C)</quotedText>”, respectively; and</content> </clause> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s202/2/A/ii" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="ii">(ii) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(e) A civil action</quotedText>” and inserting the following:<quotedContent style="-uslm-dtd:quoted-block"> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="e">“(e) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Actions Where Defendant Is Officer or Employee of the United States. </heading> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">“(1) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">In general. </heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">A civil action”</content> </paragraph> </subsection></quotedContent>; and</content> </clause> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s202/2/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">in the second undesignated paragraph by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">The summons and complaint</quotedText>” and inserting the following:<quotedContent style="-uslm-dtd:quoted-block"> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">“(2) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Service. </heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The summons and complaint”</content> </paragraph></quotedContent>.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s202/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In subsection (f), by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(f) A civil action</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(f) Civil Actions Against a Foreign State.—A civil action</quotedText>”.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s202/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In subsection (g), by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(g) A civil action</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">(g) Multiparty, Multiforum Litigation.—A civil action</quotedText>”.</content> </paragraph> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s203" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="203">SEC. 203. </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">REPEAL OF SECTION 1392. </heading> <content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">Section 1392 of title 28, United States Code, and the item relating to that section in the table of sections at the beginning of chapter 87 of such title, are repealed.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s204" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="204">SEC. 204. </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">CHANGE OF VENUE. </heading> <chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">Section 1404 of title 28, United States Code, is amended—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s204/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">in subsection (a), by inserting before the period at the end the following: “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">or to any district or division to which all parties have consented</quotedText>”; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s204/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">in subsection (d), by striking “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">As used in this section,</quotedText>” and inserting “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">Transfers from a district court of the United States to the District Court of Guam, the District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands, or the District Court of the Virgin Islands shall not be permitted under this section. As otherwise used in this section,</quotedText>”.</content> </paragraph> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s205" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="205">SEC. 205. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t28/s1390">28 U.S.C. 1390 note</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">EFFECTIVE DATE. </heading> <chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">The amendments made by this title—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s205/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">shall take effect upon the expiration of the 30-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s205/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">shall apply to—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s205/2/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">any action that is commenced in a United States district court on or after such effective date; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/112/63/tII/s205/2/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">any action that is removed from a State court to a United States district court and that had been commenced, within the meaning of State law, on or after such effective date.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </section>