<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="I">TITLE I—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">SHORT TITLE, DECLARATION OF POLICY AND DEFINITIONS </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s101" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="101">SEC. 101. </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">SHORT TITLE. </heading> <content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">This Act may be cited as the “<shortTitle style="-uslm-dtd:quote"><inline style="-uslm-dtd:short-title">Communications Satellite Act of 1962</inline></shortTitle>”.<ref style="-uslm-dtd:footnote-ref" idref="ID90F36D1C0FF644AE9B9297AFC2C796B7" class="footnoteRef">1</ref></content><footnote id="ID90F36D1C0FF644AE9B9297AFC2C796B7" style="-uslm-dtd:footnote"><sup style="-uslm-dtd:superscript">1</sup><p style="-uslm-dtd:para; margin-left:1em">Public Law No. 624, 87th Cong., 2d Sess., 76 Stat. 419, approved Aug. 31, 1962.</p></footnote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s102" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="102">SEC. 102. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s701">47 U.S.C. 701</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">DECLARATION OF POLICY AND PURPOSE. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s102/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Congress hereby declares that it is the policy of the United States to establish, in conjunction and in cooperation with other countries, as expeditiously as practicable a commercial communications satellite system, as part of an improved global communications network, which will be responsive to public needs and national objectives, which will serve the communication needs of the United States and other countries, and which will contribute to world peace and understanding.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s102/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The new and expanded telecommunication services are to be made available as promptly as possible and are to be extended to provide global coverage at the earliest practicable date. In effectuating this program, care and attention will be directed toward providing such services to economically less developed countries and areas as well as those more highly developed, toward efficient and economical use of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum, and toward the reflection of the benefits of this new technology in both quality of services and charges for such services.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s102/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In order to facilitate this development and to provide for the widest possible participation by private enterprise, United States participation in the global system shall be in the form of a private corporation, subject to appropriate governmental regulation. It is the intent of Congress that all authorized users have nondiscriminatory access to the system; that maximum competition be maintained in the provision of equipment and services utilized by the system; that the corporation created under this Act be so organized and operated as to maintain and strengthen competition in the provision of communications services to the public; and that the activities of the corporation created under this Act and of the persons or companies participating in the ownership of the corporation shall be consistent with the Federal antitrust laws.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s102/d" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">It is not the intent of Congress by this Act to preclude the use of the communications satellite system for domestic communication services where consistent with the provision of this Act nor to preclude the creation of additional communications satellite systems, if required to meet unique governmental needs or if otherwise required in the national interest.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103" styleType="OLC" role="definitions"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="103">SEC. 103. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s702">47 U.S.C. 702</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">DEFINITIONS. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC" role="undesignated-level"><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">As used in this Act, and unless the context otherwise requires—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">communications satellite system</term>” refers to a system of communications satellites in space whose purpose is to relay telecommunication information between satellite terminal stations, together with such associated equipment and facilities for tracking, guidance, control, and command functions as are not part of the generalized launching, tracking, control, and command facilities for all space purposes;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">satellite terminal station</term>” refers to a complex of communication equipment located on the earth's surface, operationally connected with one or more terrestrial communication systems, and capable of transmitting telecommunications to or receiving telecommunications from a communications satellite system;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">communications satellite</term>” means an earth satellite which is intentionally used to relay telecommunications information;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">associated equipment and facilities</term>” refers to facilities other than satellite terminal stations and communications satellites, to be constructed and operated for the primary purpose of a communications satellite system, whether for administration and management, for research and development, or for direct support of space operations;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/5" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">research and development</term>” refers to the conception, design, and first creation of experimental or prototype operational devices for the operation of a communications satellite system, including the assembly of separate components into a working whole, as distinguished from the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">production,</term>” which relates to the construction of such devices to fixed specifications compatible with repetitive duplication for operational applications;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/6" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="6">(6) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">telecommunication</term>” means any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writings, images, and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/7" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="7">(7) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">communications common carrier</term>” has the same meaning as the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">common carrier</term>” has when used in the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, and in addition includes, but only for purposes of sections 303 and 304, any individual, partnership, association, joint-stock company, trust, corporation, or other entity which owns or controls, directly or indirectly, or is under direct or indirect common control with, any such carrier; and the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">authorized carrier</term>”, except as otherwise provided for purposes of section 304 by section 304(b)(1), means a communications common carrier which has been authorized by the Federal Communications Commission under the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, to provide services by means of communications satellites;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/8" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="8">(8) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">corporation</term>” means the corporation authorized by title III of this Act;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/9" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="9">(9) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">Administration</term>” means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/10" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="10">(10) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">Commission</term>” means the Federal Communications Commission.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> </section>

AN ACTTo provide for the establishment, ownership, operation, and regulation of a commercial communications satellite system, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="I">TITLE I—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">SHORT TITLE, DECLARATION OF POLICY AND DEFINITIONS </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s101" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="101">SEC. 101. </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">SHORT TITLE. </heading> <content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">This Act may be cited as the “<shortTitle style="-uslm-dtd:quote"><inline style="-uslm-dtd:short-title">Communications Satellite Act of 1962</inline></shortTitle>”.<ref style="-uslm-dtd:footnote-ref" idref="ID90F36D1C0FF644AE9B9297AFC2C796B7" class="footnoteRef">1</ref></content><footnote id="ID90F36D1C0FF644AE9B9297AFC2C796B7" style="-uslm-dtd:footnote"><sup style="-uslm-dtd:superscript">1</sup><p style="-uslm-dtd:para; margin-left:1em">Public Law No. 624, 87th Cong., 2d Sess., 76 Stat. 419, approved Aug. 31, 1962.</p></footnote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s102" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="102">SEC. 102. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s701">47 U.S.C. 701</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">DECLARATION OF POLICY AND PURPOSE. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s102/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Congress hereby declares that it is the policy of the United States to establish, in conjunction and in cooperation with other countries, as expeditiously as practicable a commercial communications satellite system, as part of an improved global communications network, which will be responsive to public needs and national objectives, which will serve the communication needs of the United States and other countries, and which will contribute to world peace and understanding.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s102/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The new and expanded telecommunication services are to be made available as promptly as possible and are to be extended to provide global coverage at the earliest practicable date. In effectuating this program, care and attention will be directed toward providing such services to economically less developed countries and areas as well as those more highly developed, toward efficient and economical use of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum, and toward the reflection of the benefits of this new technology in both quality of services and charges for such services.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s102/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In order to facilitate this development and to provide for the widest possible participation by private enterprise, United States participation in the global system shall be in the form of a private corporation, subject to appropriate governmental regulation. It is the intent of Congress that all authorized users have nondiscriminatory access to the system; that maximum competition be maintained in the provision of equipment and services utilized by the system; that the corporation created under this Act be so organized and operated as to maintain and strengthen competition in the provision of communications services to the public; and that the activities of the corporation created under this Act and of the persons or companies participating in the ownership of the corporation shall be consistent with the Federal antitrust laws.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s102/d" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">It is not the intent of Congress by this Act to preclude the use of the communications satellite system for domestic communication services where consistent with the provision of this Act nor to preclude the creation of additional communications satellite systems, if required to meet unique governmental needs or if otherwise required in the national interest.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103" styleType="OLC" role="definitions"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="103">SEC. 103. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s702">47 U.S.C. 702</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">DEFINITIONS. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC" role="undesignated-level"><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">As used in this Act, and unless the context otherwise requires—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">communications satellite system</term>” refers to a system of communications satellites in space whose purpose is to relay telecommunication information between satellite terminal stations, together with such associated equipment and facilities for tracking, guidance, control, and command functions as are not part of the generalized launching, tracking, control, and command facilities for all space purposes;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">satellite terminal station</term>” refers to a complex of communication equipment located on the earth's surface, operationally connected with one or more terrestrial communication systems, and capable of transmitting telecommunications to or receiving telecommunications from a communications satellite system;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">communications satellite</term>” means an earth satellite which is intentionally used to relay telecommunications information;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">associated equipment and facilities</term>” refers to facilities other than satellite terminal stations and communications satellites, to be constructed and operated for the primary purpose of a communications satellite system, whether for administration and management, for research and development, or for direct support of space operations;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/5" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">research and development</term>” refers to the conception, design, and first creation of experimental or prototype operational devices for the operation of a communications satellite system, including the assembly of separate components into a working whole, as distinguished from the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">production,</term>” which relates to the construction of such devices to fixed specifications compatible with repetitive duplication for operational applications;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/6" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="6">(6) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">telecommunication</term>” means any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writings, images, and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/7" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="7">(7) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">communications common carrier</term>” has the same meaning as the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">common carrier</term>” has when used in the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, and in addition includes, but only for purposes of sections 303 and 304, any individual, partnership, association, joint-stock company, trust, corporation, or other entity which owns or controls, directly or indirectly, or is under direct or indirect common control with, any such carrier; and the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">authorized carrier</term>”, except as otherwise provided for purposes of section 304 by section 304(b)(1), means a communications common carrier which has been authorized by the Federal Communications Commission under the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, to provide services by means of communications satellites;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/8" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="8">(8) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">corporation</term>” means the corporation authorized by title III of this Act;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/9" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="9">(9) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">Administration</term>” means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tI/s103/10" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="10">(10) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">Commission</term>” means the Federal Communications Commission.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> </section> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="II">TITLE II—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">FEDERAL COORDINATION, PLANNING, AND REGULATION </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="201">SEC. 201. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s721">47 U.S.C. 721</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICY. </heading> <chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">In order to achieve the objectives and to carry out the purposes of this Act—</chapeau> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">the President shall—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/a/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">aid in the planning and development and foster the execution of a national program for the establishment and operation, of a commercial communications satellite system;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/a/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">provide for continuous review of all phases of the development and operation of such a system, including the activities of a communications satellite corporation authorized under title III of this Act;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/a/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">coordinate the activities of governmental agencies with responsibilities in the field of telecommunication, so as to insure that there is full and effective compliance at all times with the policies set forth in this Act;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/a/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">exercise such supervision over relationships of the corporation with foreign governments or entities or with international bodies as may be appropriate to assure that such relationships shall be consistent with the national interest and foreign policy of the United States;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/a/5" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">insure that timely arrangements are made under which there can be foreign participation in the establishment and use of a communications satellite system;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/a/6" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="6">(6) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">take all necessary steps to insure the availability and appropriate utilization of the communications satellite system for general governmental purposes except where a separate communications satellite system is required to meet unique governmental needs, or is otherwise required in the national interest; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/a/7" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="7">(7) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">to exercise his authority as to help attain coordinated and efficient use of the electromagnetic spectrum and the technical compatibility of the system with existing communications facilities both in the United States and abroad.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/b/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">advise the Commission on technical characteristics of the communications satellite system;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/b/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">cooperate with the corporation in research and development to the extent deemed appropriate by the Administration in the public interest;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/b/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">assist the corporation in the conduct of its research and development program by furnishing to the corporation, when requested, on a reimbursable basis, such satellite launching and associated services as the Administration deems necessary for the most expeditious and economical development of the communications satellite system;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/b/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">consult with the corporation with respect to the technical characteristics of the communications satellite system;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/b/5" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">furnish to the corporation, on request and on a reimbursable basis, satellite launching and associated services required for the establishment, operation, and maintenance of the communications satellite system approved by the Commission; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/b/6" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="6">(6) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">to the extent feasible, furnish other services, on a reimbursable basis, to the corporation in connection with the establishment and operation of the system.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">the Federal Communications Commission, in its administration of the provisions of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, and as supplemented by this Act, shall—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/c/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">insure effective competition, including the use of competitive bidding where appropriate, in the procurement by the corporation and communications common carriers of apparatus, equipment, and services required for the establishment and operation of the communications satellite system and satellite terminal stations; and the Commission shall consult with the Small Business Administration and solicit its recommendations on measures and procedures which will insure that small business concerns are given an equitable opportunity to share in the procurement program of the corporation for property and services, including but not limited to research, development, construction, maintenance, and repair.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/c/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">insure that all present and future authorized carriers shall have nondiscriminatory use of, and equitable access to, the communications satellite system and satellite terminal stations under just and reasonable charges, classifications, practices, regulations, and other terms and conditions and regulate the manner in which available facilities of the system and stations are allocated among such users thereof;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/c/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">in any case where the Secretary of State, after obtaining the advice of the Administration as to technical feasibility, has advised that commercial communication to a particular foreign point by means of the communications satellite system and satellite terminal stations should be established in the national interest, institute forthwith appropriate proceedings under section 214(d) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, to require the establishment of such communication by the corporation and the appropriate common carrier or carriers;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/c/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">insure that facilities of the communications satellite system and satellite terminal stations are technically compatible and interconnected operationally with each other and with existing communications facilities;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/c/5" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">prescribe such accounting regulations and systems and engage in such ratemaking procedures as will insure that any economies made possible by a communications satellite system are appropriately reflected in rates for public communication services;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/c/6" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="6">(6) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">approve technical characteristics of the operational communications satellite system to be employed by the corporation and of the satellite terminal stations; and<ref style="-uslm-dtd:footnote-ref" idref="IDDD4C18EB27544155B57D94FCBDD700D8" class="footnoteRef">2</ref></content><footnote id="IDDD4C18EB27544155B57D94FCBDD700D8" style="-uslm-dtd:footnote"><sup style="-uslm-dtd:superscript">2</sup><p style="-uslm-dtd:para; margin-left:1em">So in law.</p></footnote> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/c/7" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="7">(7) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">grant appropriate authorization for the construction and operation of each satellite terminal station, either to the corporation or to one or more authorized carriers or to the corporation and one or more such carriers jointly, as will best serve the public interest, convenience, and necessity. In determining the public interest, convenience, and necessity the Commission shall authorize the construction and operation of such stations by communications common carriers or the corporation, without preference to either;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/c/8" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="8">(8) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">authorize the corporation to issue any shares of capital stock, except the initial issue of capital stock referred to in section 304(a), or to borrow any moneys, or to assume any obligation in respect of the securities of any other person, upon finding that such issuance, borrowing, or assumption is compatible with the public interest, convenience, and necessity and is necessary or appropriate for or consistent with carrying out the purposes and objectives of this Act by the corporation;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/c/9" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="9">(9) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">insure that no substantial additions are made by the corporation or carriers with respect to facilities of the system or satellite terminal stations unless such additions are required by the public interest, convenience, and necessity;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/c/10" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="10">(10) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">require, in accordance with the procedural requirements of section 214 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, that additions be made by the corporation or carriers with respect to facilities of the system or satellite terminal stations where such additions would serve the public interest, convenience, and necessity; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tII/s201/c/11" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="11">(11) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">make rules and regulations to carry out the provisions of this Act.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> </section> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="III">TITLE III—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">CREATION OF A COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE CORPORATION </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s301" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="301">SEC. 301. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s731">47 U.S.C. 731</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">CREATION OF CORPORATION. </heading> <content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">There is authorized to be created a communications satellite corporation for profit which will not be an agency or establishment of the United States Government.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s302" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="302">SEC. 302. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s732">47 U.S.C. 732</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">APPLICABLE LAWS. </heading> <content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">The corporation shall be subject to the provisions of this Act and, to the extent consistent with this Act, to the District of Columbia Business Corporation Act. The right to repeal, alter, or amend this Act at any time is expressly reserved.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s303" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="303">SEC. 303. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s733">47 U.S.C. 733</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s303/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The corporation shall have a board of directors consisting of fifteen individuals who are citizens of the United States, of whom one shall be elected annually by the board to serve as chairman. Three members of the board shall be appointed by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, effective the date on which the other members are elected, and for terms of three years or until their successors have been appointed and qualified, and any member so appointed to fill a vacancy shall be appointed only for the unexpired term of the director whom he succeeds. The remaining twelve members of the board shall be elected annually by the stockholders. Six of such members shall be elected by those stockholders who are not communications common carriers, and the remaining six such members shall be elected by the stockholders who are communications common carriers, except that if the number of shares of the voting capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding and owned either directly or indirectly by communications common carriers as of the record date for the annual meeting of stockholders is less than 45 per centum of the total number of shares of the voting capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding, the numbers of members to be elected at such meeting by each group of stockholders shall be determined in accordance with the following table:<foreign id="warning-d3118075e293" note="processing mode: unknown" role="passthroughContent"><compsdtd:table xmlns:compsdtd="http://schemas.gpo.gov/xml/comps-dtd" line-rules="hor" blank-lines-before="0" blank-lines-after="0"><compsdtd:ttitle> </compsdtd:ttitle><compsdtd:tgroup cols="4" ttitle-size="0" thead-tbody-ldg-size="6.8.8" grid-typeface="1.1" restrict-indent="1"><compsdtd:colspec colname="col1" coldef="txt" min-data-value="10" /><compsdtd:colspec colname="col2" coldef="txt-no-spread" min-data-value="80" /><compsdtd:colspec colname="col3" coldef="align-on-char" min-data-value="7.5" /><compsdtd:colspec colname="col4" coldef="align-on-char" min-data-value="7.5" /><compsdtd:thead><compsdtd:row><compsdtd:entry align="center" colname="col1">When the number of shares of the voting capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding and owned either directly or indirectly by communications common carriers is less than—</compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry align="center" colname="col2">But not less than—</compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry align="center" colname="col3">The number of members which stockholders who are communications common carriers are entitled to elect shall be—</compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry align="center" colname="col4">And the number of members which other stockholders are entitled to elect shall be—</compsdtd:entry></compsdtd:row></compsdtd:thead><compsdtd:tbody><compsdtd:row><compsdtd:entry stub-definition="txt-ldr" stub-hierarchy="1" colname="col1">45 per centum </compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col2">40 per centum</compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col3">5</compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col4">7</compsdtd:entry></compsdtd:row><compsdtd:row><compsdtd:entry stub-definition="txt-ldr" stub-hierarchy="1" colname="col1">40 per centum </compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col2">35 per centum </compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col3">4</compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col4">8</compsdtd:entry></compsdtd:row><compsdtd:row><compsdtd:entry stub-definition="txt-ldr" stub-hierarchy="1" colname="col1">35 per centum </compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col2">25 per centum </compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col3">3</compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col4">9</compsdtd:entry></compsdtd:row><compsdtd:row><compsdtd:entry stub-definition="txt-ldr" stub-hierarchy="1" colname="col1">25 per centum </compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col2">15 per centum </compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col3">2</compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col4">10</compsdtd:entry></compsdtd:row><compsdtd:row><compsdtd:entry stub-definition="txt-ldr" stub-hierarchy="1" colname="col1">15 per centum </compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col2"> 8 per centum </compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col3">1</compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col4">11</compsdtd:entry></compsdtd:row><compsdtd:row><compsdtd:entry stub-definition="txt-ldr" stub-hierarchy="1" colname="col1"> 8 per centum </compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col2"> </compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col3">0</compsdtd:entry><compsdtd:entry colname="col4">12</compsdtd:entry></compsdtd:row></compsdtd:tbody></compsdtd:tgroup></compsdtd:table></foreign><p style="-uslm-dtd:continuation-text" role="subsection">No stockholder who is a communications common carrier and no trustee for such a stockholder shall vote, either directly or indirectly, through the votes of subsidiaries or affiliated companies, nominees, or any persons subject to his direction or control, for more than three candidates for membership on the board, except that in the event the number of shares of the voting capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding and owned either directly or indirectly by communications common carriers as of the record date for the annual meeting is less than 8 per centum of the total number of shares of the voting capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding, any stockholder who is a communications common carrier shall be entitled to vote at such meeting for candidates for membership on the board in the same manner as all other stockholders. Subject to the foregoing limitations, the articles of incorporation of the corporation shall provide for cumulative voting under section 327(d) of the District of Columbia Business Corporation Act (D.C. Code, sec. 29–327(d)). The articles of incorporation of the corporation may be amended, altered, changed, or repealed by a vote of not less than 66⅔ per centum of the outstanding shares of the voting capital stock of the corporation owned by stockholders who are communications common carriers and by stockholders who are not communications common carriers, voting together if such vote complies with all other requirements of this Act and of the articles of incorporation of the corporation with respect to the amendment, alteration, change, or repeal of such articles. The corporation may adopt such bylaws as shall, notwithstanding the provisions of section 336 of the District of Columbia Business Corporation Act (D.C. Code, sec. 29–336(d)), provide for the continued ability of the board to transact business under such circumstances of national emergency as the President of the United States, or the officer designated by him, may determine, after February 18, 1969, would not permit a prompt meeting of a majority of the board to transact business.</p></content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s303/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The corporation shall have a president, and such other officers as may be named and appointed by the board, at rates of compensation fixed by the board, and serving at the pleasure of the board. No individual other than a citizen of the United States may be an officer of the corporation. No officer of the corporation shall receive any salary from any source other than the corporation during the period of his employment by the corporation.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s304" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="304">SEC. 304. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s734">47 U.S.C. 734</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">FINANCING OF THE CORPORATION. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s304/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The corporation is authorized to issue and have outstanding, in such amounts as it shall determine, shares of capital stock, without par value, which shall carry voting rights and be eligible for dividends. The shares of such stock initially offered shall be sold in a manner to encourage the widest distribution to the American public. Subject to the provisions of subsections (b) and (d) of this section, shares of stock offered under this subsection may be issued to and held by any person.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s304/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b)</num><paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s304/b/1" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">For the purposes of this section the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">authorized carrier</term>” shall mean a communications common carrier which is specifically authorized or which is a member of a class of carriers authorized by the Commission to own shares of stock in the corporation upon a finding that such ownership will be consistent with the public interest, convenience, and necessity.</content></paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s304/b/2" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Only those communications common carriers which are authorized carriers shall own shares of stock in the corporation at any time, and no other communications common carrier shall own shares either directly or indirectly through subsidiaries or affiliated companies, nominees, or any persons subject to its direction or control. At no time after the initial issue is completed shall the aggregate of the shares of voting stock of the corporation owned by authorized carriers directly or indirectly through subsidiaries or affiliated companies, nominees, or any persons subject to their direction or control exceed 50 per centum of such shares issued and outstanding.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s304/b/3" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">At no time shall any stockholder who is not an authorized carrier, or any syndicate or affiliated group of such stockholders, own more than 10 per centum of the shares of voting stock of the corporation issued and outstanding.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s304/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The corporation is authorized to issue, in addition to the stock authorized by subsection (a) of this section, nonvoting securities, bonds, debentures, and other certificates of indebtedness as it may determine. Such nonvoting securities, bonds, debentures, or other certificates of indebtedness of the corporation as a communications common carrier may own shall be eligible for inclusion in the rate base of the carrier to the extent allowed by the Commission. The voting stock of the corporation shall not be eligible for inclusion in the rate base of the carrier.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s304/d" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Not more than an aggregate of 20 per centum of the shares of stock of the corporation authorized by subsection (a) of this section which are held by holders other than authorized carriers may be held by persons of the classes described in subsection (a) and paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (b) of section 310 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (47 U.S.C. 310).</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s304/e" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="e">(e) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The requirement of section 345(b) of the District of Columbia Business Corporation Act (D.C. Code, sec. 29–345(b)) as to the percentage of stock which a stockholder must hold in order to have the rights of inspection and copying set forth in that subsection shall not be applicable in the case of holders of the stock of the corporation, and they may exercise such rights without regard to the percentage of stock they hold.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s304/f" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="f">(f) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Upon application to the Commission by any authorized carrier and after notice and hearing, the Commission may compel any other authorized carrier which owns shares of stock in the corporation to transfer to the applicant, for a fair and reasonable consideration, a number of such shares as the Commission determines will advance the public interest and the purposes of this Act. In its determination with respect to ownership of shares of stock in the corporation, the Commission, whenever consistent with the public interest, shall promote the widest possible distribution of stock among the authorized carriers.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s305" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="305">SEC. 305. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:legis-comment"><b>[</b>47 U.S. 735<b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">PURPOSES AND POWERS OF THE CORPORATION. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s305/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">In order to achieve the objectives and to carry out the purposes of this Act, the corporation is authorized to—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s305/a/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">plan, initiate, construct, own, manage, and operate itself or in conjunction with foreign governments or business entities a commercial communications satellite system;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s305/a/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">furnish, for hire, channels of communication to United States communications common carriers and to other authorized entities, foreign and domestic; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s305/a/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">own and operate satellite terminal stations when licensed by the Commission under section 201(c)(7).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s305/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Included in the activities authorized to the corporation for accomplishment of the purposes indicated in subsection (a) of this section, are, among others not specifically named—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s305/b/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">to conduct or contract for research and development related to its mission;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s305/b/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">to acquire the physical facilities, equipment and devices necessary to its operations, including communications satellites and associated equipment and facilities, whether by construction, purchase, or gift;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s305/b/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">to purchase satellite launching and related services from the United States Government;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s305/b/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">to contract with authorized users, including the United States Government, for the services of the communications satellite system; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s305/b/5" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">to develop plans for the technical specifications of all elements of the communications satellite system.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIII/s305/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">To carry out the foregoing purposes, the corporation shall have the usual powers conferred upon a stock corporation by the District of Columbia Business Corporation Act.</content> </subsection> </section> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="IV">TITLE IV—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">MISCELLANEOUS </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIV/s401" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="401">SEC. 401. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s741">47 U.S.C. 741</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">APPLICABILITY OF COMMUNICATIONS ACT OF 1934. </heading> <content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">The corporation shall be deemed to be a common carrier within the meaning of section 3(h) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, and as such shall be fully subject to the provisions of title II and title III of that Act. The provision of satellite terminal station facilities by one communication common carrier to one or more other communications common carriers shall be deemed to be a common carrier activity fully subject to the Communications Act. Whenever the application of the provisions of this Act shall be inconsistent with the application of the provisions of the Communications Act, the provisions of this Act shall govern.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIV/s402" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="402">SEC. 402. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s742">47 U.S.C. 742</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">NOTICE OF FOREIGN BUSINESS NEGOTIATIONS. </heading> <content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">Whenever the corporation shall enter into business negotiations with respect to facilities, operations, or services authorized by this Act with any international or foreign entity, it shall notify the Department of State of the negotiations, and the Department of State shall advise the corporation of relevant foreign policy considerations. Throughout such negotiations the corporation shall keep the Department of State informed with respect to such considerations. The corporation may request the Department of State to assist in the negotiations, and that Department shall render such assistance as may be appropriate.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIV/s403" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="403">SEC. 403. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s743">47 U.S.C. 743</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">SANCTIONS. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIV/s403/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">If the corporation created pursuant to this Act shall engage in or adhere to any action, practices, or policies inconsistent with the policy and purposes declared in section 102 of this Act, or if the corporation or any other person shall violate any provision of this Act, or shall obstruct or interfere with any activities authorized by this Act, or shall refuse, fail, or neglect to discharge his duties and responsibilities under this Act, or shall threaten any such violation, obstruction, interference, refusal, failure, or neglect, the district court of the United States for any district in which such corporation or other person resides or may be found shall have jurisdiction, except as otherwise prohibited by law, upon petition of the Attorney General of the United States, to grant such equitable relief as may be necessary or appropriate to prevent or terminate such conduct or threat.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIV/s403/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Nothing contained in this section shall be construed as relieving any person of any punishment, liability, or sanction which may be imposed otherwise than under this Act.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIV/s403/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">It shall be the duty of the corporation and all communications common carriers to comply, insofar as applicable, with all provisions of this Act and all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tIV/s404" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="404">SEC. 404. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s744">47 U.S.C. 744</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">REPORTS TO THE CONGRESS. </heading> <content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">The corporation shall transmit to the President and the Congress, annually and at such other times as it deems desirable, a comprehensive and detailed report of its operations, activities, and accomplishments under this Act.</content> </section> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="V">TITLE V—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">INTERNATIONAL MARITIME SATELLITE TELECOMMUNICATIONS </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s501" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="501">SEC. 501. </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">SHORT TITLE. </heading> <content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">This title may be cited as the “<shortTitle style="-uslm-dtd:quote"><inline style="-uslm-dtd:short-title">International Maritime Satellite Telecommunications Act</inline></shortTitle>”.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s502" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="502">SEC. 502. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s751">47 U.S.C. 751</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">DECLARATION OF POLICY AND PURPOSE. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s502/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Congress hereby declares that it is the policy of the United States to provide for the participation of the United States in the International Maritime Satellite Organization (hereinafter in this title referred to as “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">INMARSAT</quotedText>”) in order to develop and operate a global maritime satellite telecommunications system. Such system shall have facilities and services which will serve maritime commercial and safety needs of the United States and foreign countries.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s502/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">It is the purpose of this title to provide that the participation of the United States in INMARSAT shall be through the communications satellite corporation established pursuant to title III of this Act, which constitutes a private entity operating for profit, and which is not an agency or establishment of the Federal Government.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="503">SEC. 503. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s752">47 U.S.C. 752</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">DESIGNATED OPERATING ENTITY. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a)</num><paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503/a/1" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The the communications satellite corporation established pursuant to title III of this Act is hereby designated as the sole operating entity of the United States for participation in INMARSAT, for the purpose of providing international maritime satellite telecommunications services.</content></paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503/a/2" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The corporation may participate in and is hereby authorized to sign the operating agreement or other pertinent instruments of INMARSAT as the sole designated operating entity of the United States.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The corporation—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503/b/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">may own and operate satellite earth terminal stations in the United States;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503/b/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">shall interconnect such stations, and the maritime satellite telecommunications provided by such stations, with the facilities and services of United States domestic common carriers and international common carriers, other than any common carrier or other entity in which the corporation has any ownership interest, as authorized by the Commission;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503/b/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">shall interconnect such stations and the maritime satellite telecommunications provided by such stations, with the facilities and services of private communications systems, unless the Commission finds that such interconnection will not serve the public interest; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503/b/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">may establish, own, and operate the United States share of the jointly owned international space segment and associated ancillary facilities.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The corporation shall be responsible for fulfilling any financial obligation placed upon the corporation as a signatory to the operating agreement or other pertinent instruments, and any other financial obligation which may be placed upon the corporation as the result of a convention or other instrument establishing INMARSAT. The corporation shall be the sole United States representative in the managing body of INMARSAT.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503/d" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d)</num><paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503/d/1" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Any person, including the Federal Government or any agency thereof, may be authorized, in accordance with paragraph (2) or paragraph (3), to be the sole owner or operator, or both, of any satellite earth terminal station if such station is used for the exclusive purposes of training personnel in the use of equipment associated with the operation and maintenance of such station, or in carrying out experimentation relating to maritime satellite telecommunications services.</content></paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503/d/2" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">If the person referred to in paragraph (1) is the Federal Government or any agency thereof, such satellite earth terminal station shall have been authorized to operate by the executive department charged with such responsibility.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503/d/3" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In any other case, such satellite earth terminal station shall have been authorized by the Commission.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503/e" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="e">(e) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Commission may authorize ownership of satellite earth terminal stations by persons other than the corporation at any time the Commission determines that such additional ownership will enhance the provision of maritime satellite services in the public interest.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503/f" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="f">(f) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Commission shall determine the operational arrangements under which the corporation shall interconnect its satellite earth terminal station facilities and services with United States domestic common carriers and international common carriers, other than any common carrier, system, or other entity in which the corporation has any ownership interest, and private communications systems when authorized pursuant to subsection (b)(3) for the purpose of extending maritime satellite telecommunications services within the United States and in other areas.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s503/g" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="g">(g) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Notwithstanding any provision of State law, the articles of incorporation of the corporation shall provide for the continued ability of the board of directors of the corporation to transact business under such circumstances of national emergency as the President or his delegate may determine would not permit a prompt meeting of the number of directors otherwise required to transact business.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="504">SEC. 504. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s753">47 U.S.C. 753</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICY. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Secretary of Commerce shall—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504/a/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">coordinate the activities of Federal agencies with responsibilities in the field of telecommunications (other than the Commission), so as to ensure that there is full and effective compliance with the provisions of this title;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504/a/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">take all necessary steps to ensure the availability and appropriate utilization of the maritime satellite telecommunications services provided by INMARSAT for general governmental purposes, except in any case in which a separate telecommunications system is required to meet unique governmental needs or is otherwise required in the national interest;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504/a/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">exercise his authority in a manner which seeks to obtain coordinated and efficient use of the electromagnetic spectrum and orbital space, and to ensure the technical compatibility of the space segment with existing communications facilities in the United States and in foreign countries; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504/a/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">take all necessary steps to determine the interests and needs of the ultimate users of the maritime satellite telecommunications system and to communicate the views of the Federal Government on utilization and user needs to INMARSAT.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The President shall exercise such supervision over, and issue such instructions to, the corporation in connection with its relationships and activities with foreign governments, international entities, and INMARSAT as may be necessary to ensure that such relationships and activities are consistent with the national interest and foreign policy of the United States.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Commission shall—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504/c/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">institute such proceedings as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of section 503 of this title;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504/c/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">make recommendations to the President for the purpose of assisting him in his issuance of instructions to the corporation;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504/c/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">grant such authorizations as may be necessary under title II and title III of the Communications Act of 1934 to enable the corporation—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504/c/3/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">to provide to the public, in accordance with section 503(c)(2) of this title, space segment channels of communication obtained from INMARSAT; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504/c/3/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">to construct and operate such satellite earth terminal stations in the United States as may be necessary to provide sufficient access to the space segment;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504/c/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">grant such other authorizations as may be necessary under title II and title III of this Communications Act of 1934 to carry out the provisions of this title;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504/c/5" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">establish procedures to provide for the continuing review of the telecommunications activities of the corporation as the United States signatory to the operating agreement or other pertinent instruments; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504/c/6" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="6">(6) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">prescribe such rules as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this title.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s504/d" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Commission is authorized to issue instructions to the corporation with respect to regulatory matters within the jurisdiction of the Commission. In the event an instruction of the Commission conflicts with an instruction of the President pursuant to subsection (b), the instructions issued by the President shall prevail.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s505" styleType="OLC" role="definitions"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="505">SEC. 505. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s757">47 U.S.C. 757</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">DEFINITIONS. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC" role="undesignated-level"><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">For purposes of this title—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s505/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">person</term>” includes an individual, partnership, association, joint stock company, trust, or corporation;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s505/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">satellite earth terminal station</term>” means a complex of communications equipment located on land, operationally interconnected with one or more terrestrial communications systems, and capable of transmitting telecommunications to, or receiving telecommunications from, the space segment;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s505/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">space segment</term>” means any satellite (or capacity on a satellite) maintained under the authority of INMARSAT, for the purpose of providing international maritime telecommunications services, and the tracking, telemetry, command, control, monitoring, and related facilities and equipment required to support the operations of such satellite; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tV/s505/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">State</term>” means the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and any other territory or possession of the United States.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> </section> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="VI">TITLE VI—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">COMMUNICATIONS COMPETITION AND PRIVATIZATION<ref style="-uslm-dtd:footnote-ref" idref="ID68BADDCF8D224517A25A35ACB8E0A1AA" class="footnoteRef">3</ref> </heading><footnote id="ID68BADDCF8D224517A25A35ACB8E0A1AA" style="-uslm-dtd:footnote"><sup style="-uslm-dtd:superscript">3</sup><p style="-uslm-dtd:para; margin-left:1em">Title VI of the Communications Satellite Act of 1962 was added by the ORBIT Act (Public Law 106–180). Section 2 of the Orbit Act contained the following statement of purpose: “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">It is the purpose of this Act to promote a fully competitive global market for satellite communication services for the benefit of consumers and providers of satellite services and equipment by fully privatizing the intergovernmental satellite organizations, INTELSAT and Inmarsat.</quotedText>”.</p></footnote> <subtitle style="-uslm-dtd:subtitle" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">Subtitle A—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Actions To Ensure Pro-Competitive Privatization </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s601" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="601">SEC. 601. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s761">47 U.S.C. 761</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION LICENSING. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s601/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Licensing for Separated Entities.—</heading> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s601/a/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Competition test.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Commission may not issue a license or construction permit to any separated entity, or renew or permit the assignment or use of any such license or permit, or authorize the use by any entity subject to United States jurisdiction of any space segment owned, leased, or operated by any separated entity, unless the Commission determines that such issuance, renewal, assignment, or use will not harm competition in the telecommunications market of the United States. If the Commission does not make such a determination, it shall deny or revoke authority to use space segment owned, leased, or operated by the separated entity to provide services to, from, or within the United States.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s601/a/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Criteria for competition test.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In making the determination required by paragraph (1), the Commission shall use the licensing criteria in sections 621 and 623, and shall not make such a determination unless the Commission determines that the privatization of any separated entity is consistent with such criteria.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s601/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Licensing for INTELSAT, Inmarsat, and Successor Entities.—</heading> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s601/b/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Competition test.—</heading> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s601/b/1/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">In general.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">In considering the application of INTELSAT, Inmarsat, or their successor entities for a license or construction permit, or for the renewal or assignment or use of any such license or permit, or in considering the request of any entity subject to United States jurisdiction for authorization to use any space segment owned, leased, or operated by INTELSAT, Inmarsat, or their successor entities, to provide non-core services to, from, or within the United States, the Commission shall determine whether—</chapeau> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s601/b/1/A/i" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="i">(i) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">after April 1, 2001, in the case of INTELSAT and its successor entities, INTELSAT and any successor entities have been privatized in a manner that will harm competition in the telecommunications markets of the United States; or</content> </clause> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s601/b/1/A/ii" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="ii">(ii) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">after April 1, 2000, in the case of Inmarsat and its successor entities, Inmarsat and any successor entities have been privatized in a manner that will harm competition in the telecommunications markets of the United States.</content> </clause> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s601/b/1/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Consequences of determination.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">If the Commission determines that such competition will be harmed or that grant of such application or request for authority is not otherwise in the public interest, the Commission shall limit through conditions or deny such application or request, and limit or revoke previous authorizations to provide non-core services to, from, or within the United States. After due notice and opportunity for comment, the Commission shall apply the same limitations, restrictions, and conditions to all entities subject to United States jurisdiction using space segment owned, leased, or operated by INTELSAT, Inmarsat, or their successor entities.</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s601/b/1/C" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="C">(C) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">National security, law enforcement, and public safety.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Commission shall not impose any limitation, condition, or restriction under subparagraph (B) in a manner that will, or is reasonably likely to, result in limitation, denial, or revocation of authority for non-core services that are used by and required for a national security agency or law enforcement department or agency of the United States, or used by and required for, and otherwise in the public interest, any other Department or Agency of the United States to protect the health and safety of the public. Such services may be obtained by the United States directly from INTELSAT, Inmarsat, or a successor entity, or indirectly through COMSAT, or authorized carriers or distributors of the successor entity.</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s601/b/1/D" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="D">(D) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Rule of construction.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Nothing in this subsection is intended to preclude the Commission from acting upon applications of INTELSAT, Inmarsat, or their successor entities prior to the latest date set out in section 621(5)(A), including such actions as may be necessary for the United States to become the licensing jurisdiction for INTELSAT, but the Commission shall condition a grant of authority pursuant to this subsection upon compliance with sections 621 and 622.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s601/b/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Criteria for competition test.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In making the determination required by paragraph (1), the Commission shall use the licensing criteria in sections 621, 622, and 624, and shall determine that competition in the telecommunications markets of the United States will be harmed unless the Commission finds that the privatization referred to in paragraph (1) is consistent with such criteria.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s601/b/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Clarification: competitive safeguards.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In making its licensing decisions under this subsection, the Commission shall consider whether users of non-core services provided by INTELSAT or Inmarsat or successor or separated entities are able to obtain non-core services from providers offering services other than through INTELSAT or Inmarsat or successor or separated entities, at competitive rates, terms, or conditions. Such consideration shall also include whether such licensing decisions would require users to replace equipment at substantial costs prior to the termination of its design life. In making its licensing decisions, the Commission shall also consider whether competitive alternatives in individual markets do not exist because they have been foreclosed due to anticompetitive actions undertaken by or resulting from the INTELSAT or Inmarsat systems. Such licensing decisions shall be made in a manner which facilitates achieving the purposes and goals in this title and shall be subject to notice and comment.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s601/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Additional Considerations in Determinations.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In making its determinations and licensing decisions under subsections (a) and (b), the Commission shall construe such subsections in a manner consistent with the United States obligations and commitments for satellite services under the Fourth Protocol to the General Agreement on Trade in Services.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s601/d" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Independent Facilities Competition.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Nothing in this section shall be construed as precluding COMSAT from investing in or owning satellites or other facilities independent from INTELSAT and Inmarsat, and successor or separated entities, or from providing services through reselling capacity over the facilities of satellite systems independent from INTELSAT and Inmarsat, and successor or separated entities. This subsection shall not be construed as restricting the types of contracts which can be executed or services which may be provided by COMSAT over the independent satellites or facilities described in this subsection.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s602" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="602">SEC. 602. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s761a">47 U.S.C. 761a</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">INCENTIVES; LIMITATION ON EXPANSION PENDING PRIVATIZATION. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s602/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Limitation.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Until INTELSAT, Inmarsat, and their successor or separate entities are privatized in accordance with the requirements of this title, INTELSAT, Inmarsat, and their successor or separate entities, respectively, shall not be permitted to provide additional services. The Commission shall take all necessary measures to implement this requirement, including denial by the Commission of licensing for such services.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stA/s602/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Orbital Location Incentives.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Until such privatization is achieved, the United States shall oppose and decline to facilitate applications by such entities for new orbital locations to provide such services.</content> </subsection> </section> </subtitle> <subtitle style="-uslm-dtd:subtitle" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">Subtitle B—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Federal Communications Commission Licensing Criteria: Privatization Criteria </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="621">SEC. 621. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s763">47 U.S.C. 763</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">GENERAL CRITERIA TO ENSURE A PRO-COMPETITIVE PRIVATIZATION OF INTELSAT AND INMARSAT. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC" role="undesignated-level"><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The President and the Commission shall secure a pro-competitive privatization of INTELSAT and Inmarsat that meets the criteria set forth in this section and sections 622 through 624. In securing such privatizations, the following criteria shall be applied as licensing criteria for purposes of subtitle A:</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Dates for privatization.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Privatization shall be obtained in accordance with the criteria of this title of—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/1/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">INTELSAT as soon as practicable, but no later than April 1, 2001; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/1/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Inmarsat as soon as practicable, but no later than July 1, 2000.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Independence.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The privatized successor entities and separated entities of INTELSAT and Inmarsat shall operate as independent commercial entities, and have a pro-competitive ownership structure. The successor entities and separated entities of INTELSAT and Inmarsat shall conduct an initial public offering in accordance with paragraph (5) to achieve such independence. Such offering shall substantially dilute the aggregate ownership of such entities by such signatories or former signatories. In determining whether a public offering attains such substantial dilution, the Commission shall take into account the purposes and intent, privatization criteria, and other provisions of this title, as well as market conditions. No intergovernmental organization, including INTELSAT or Inmarsat, shall have—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/2/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">an ownership interest in INTELSAT or the successor or separated entities of INTELSAT; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/2/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">more than minimal ownership interest in Inmarsat or the successor or separated entities of Inmarsat.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Termination of privileges and immunities.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The preferential treatment of INTELSAT and Inmarsat shall not be extended to any successor entity or separated entity of INTELSAT or Inmarsat. Such preferential treatment includes—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/3/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">privileged or immune treatment by national governments;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/3/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">privileges or immunities or other competitive advantages of the type accorded INTELSAT and Inmarsat and their signatories through the terms and operation of the INTELSAT Agreement and the associated Headquarters Agreement and the Inmarsat Convention; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/3/C" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="C">(C) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">preferential access to orbital locations.</content> </subparagraph><continuation style="-uslm-dtd:continuation-text" role="paragraph">Access to new, or renewal of access to, orbital locations shall be subject to the legal or regulatory processes of a national government that applies due diligence requirements intended to prevent the warehousing of orbital locations.</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Prevention of expansion during transition.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">During the transition period prior to privatization under this title, INTELSAT and Inmarsat shall be precluded from expanding into additional services.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Conversion to stock corporations.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Any successor entity or separated entity created out of INTELSAT or Inmarsat shall be a national corporation or similar accepted commercial structure, subject to the laws of the nation in which incorporated, as follows:</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">An initial public offering of securities of any successor entity or separated entity—</chapeau> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/A/i" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="i">(i) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">shall be conducted, for the successor entities of INTELSAT, on or about June 30, 2005, except that the Commission may extend this deadline in consideration of market conditions and relevant business factors relating to the timing of an initial public offering, but such extensions shall not permit such offering to be conducted later than December 31, 2005; and</content> </clause> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/A/ii" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="ii">(ii) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">shall be conducted, for the successor entities of Inmarsat, not later than June 30, 2005, except that the Commission may extend this deadline to not later than December 31, 2004.</content> </clause> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The shares of any successor entities and separated entities shall be listed for trading on one or more major stock exchanges with transparent and effective securities regulation.</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/C" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="C">(C) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">A majority of the members of the board of directors of any successor entity or separated entity shall not be directors, employees, officers, or managers or otherwise serve as representatives of any signatory or former signatory. No member of the board of directors of any successor or separated entity shall be a director, employee, officer or manager of any intergovernmental organization remaining after the privatization.</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/D" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="D">(D) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Any successor entity or separated entity shall—</chapeau> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/D/i" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="i">(i) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">have a board of directors with a fiduciary obligation;</content> </clause> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/D/ii" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="ii">(ii) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">have no officers or managers who are officers or managers of any signatories or former signatories;</content> </clause> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/D/iii" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="iii">(iii) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">have no directors, officers, or managers who hold such positions in any intergovernmental organization.</content> </clause> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/E" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="E">(E) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Any transactions or other relationships between or among any successor entity, separated entity, INTELSAT, or Inmarsat shall be conducted on an arm's length basis.</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/F" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="F">(F) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Notwithstanding subparagraphs (A) and (B), a successor entity may be deemed a national corporation and may forgo an initial public offering and public securities listing and still achieve the purposes of this section if—</chapeau> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/F/i" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="i">(i) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">the successor entity certifies to the Commission that—</chapeau> <subclause style="-uslm-dtd:subclause" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/F/i/I" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="I">(I) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the successor entity has achieved substantial dilution of the aggregate amount of signatory or former signatory financial interest in such entity;</content> </subclause> <subclause style="-uslm-dtd:subclause" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/F/i/II" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="II">(II) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">any signatories and former signatories that retain a financial interest in such successor entity do not possess, together or individually, effective control of such successor entity; and</content> </subclause> <subclause style="-uslm-dtd:subclause" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/F/i/III" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="III">(III) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">no intergovernmental organization has any ownership interest in a successor entity of INTELSAT or more than a minimal ownership interest in a successor entity of Inmarsat;</content> </subclause> </clause> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/F/ii" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="ii">(ii) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the successor entity provides such financial and other information to the Commission as the Commission may require to verify such certification; and</content> </clause> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/F/iii" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="iii">(iii) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the Commission determines, after notice and comment, that the successor entity is in compliance with such certification.</content> </clause> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/5/G" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="G">(G) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">For purposes of subparagraph (F), the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">substantial dilution</term>” means that a majority of the financial interests in the successor entity is no longer held or controlled, directly or indirectly, by signatories or former signatories.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/6" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="6">(6) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Regulatory treatment.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Any successor entity or separated entity created after the date of enactment of this title shall apply through the appropriate national licensing authorities for international frequency assignments and associated orbital registrations for all satellites.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/7" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="7">(7) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Competition policies in domiciliary country.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Any successor entity or separated entity shall be subject to the jurisdiction of a nation or nations that—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/7/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">have effective laws and regulations that secure competition in telecommunications services;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/7/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">are signatories of the World Trade Organization Basic Telecommunications Services Agreement; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s621/7/C" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="C">(C) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">have a schedule of commitments in such Agreement that includes non-discriminatory market access to their satellite markets.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s622" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="622">SEC. 622. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s763a">47 U.S.C. 763a</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">SPECIFIC CRITERIA FOR INTELSAT. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC" role="undesignated-level"><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">In securing the privatizations required by section 621, the following additional criteria with respect to INTELSAT privatization shall be applied as licensing criteria for purposes of subtitle A:</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s622/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1)<ref style="-uslm-dtd:footnote-ref" idref="ID410D0011B5034016B9E70B024B295E2F" class="footnoteRef">4</ref> </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Technical coordination under intelsat agreements.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Technical coordination shall not be used to impair competition or competitors, and shall be conducted under International Telecommunication Union procedures and not under Article XIV(d) of the INTELSAT Agreement.</content><footnote id="ID410D0011B5034016B9E70B024B295E2F" style="-uslm-dtd:footnote"><sup style="-uslm-dtd:superscript">4</sup><p style="-uslm-dtd:para; margin-left:1em">So in law. There is no paragraph (2).</p></footnote> </paragraph> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s623" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="623">SEC. 623. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s763b">47 U.S.C. 763b</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">SPECIFIC CRITERIA FOR INTELSAT SEPARATED ENTITIES. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC" role="undesignated-level"><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">In securing the privatizations required by section 621, the following additional criteria with respect to any INTELSAT separated entity shall be applied as licensing criteria for purposes of subtitle A:</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s623/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Date for public offering.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Within one year after any decision to create any separated entity, a public offering of the securities of such entity shall be conducted. In the case of a separated entity created before January 1, 1999, such public offering shall be conducted no later than July 1, 2000, except that the Commission may extend this deadline in consideration of market conditions and relevant business factors relating to the timing of an initial public offering, but such extensions shall not permit such offering to be conducted later than July 31, 2001.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s623/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Interlocking directorates or employees.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">None of the officers, directors, or employees of any separated entity shall be individuals who are officers, directors, or employees of INTELSAT.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s623/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Spectrum assignments.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">After the initial transfer which may accompany the creation of a separated entity, the portions of the electromagnetic spectrum assigned as of the date of enactment of this title to INTELSAT shall not be transferred between INTELSAT and any separated entity.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s623/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Reaffiliation prohibited.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Any merger or ownership or management ties or exclusive arrangements between a privatized INTELSAT or any successor entity and any separated entity shall be prohibited until 11 years after the completion of INTELSAT privatization under this title.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s624" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="624">SEC. 624. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s763c">47 U.S.C. 763c</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">SPACE SEGMENT CAPACITY OF THE GMDSS. </heading> <content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">The United States shall preserve the space segment capacity of the GMDSS. This section is not intended to alter the status that the GMDSS would otherwise have under United States laws and regulations of the International Telecommunication Union with respect to spectrum, orbital locations, or other operational parameters, or to be a barrier to competition for the provision of GMDSS services.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s625" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="625">SEC. 625. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s763d">47 U.S.C. 763d</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">ENCOURAGING MARKET ACCESS AND PRIVATIZATION. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s625/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">NTIA Determination.—</heading> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s625/a/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Determination required.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Within 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Commerce shall, through the Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information, transmit to the Commission—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s625/a/1/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">a list of Member countries of INTELSAT and Inmarsat that are not Members of the World Trade Organization and that impose barriers to market access for private satellite systems; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s625/a/1/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">a list of Member countries of INTELSAT and Inmarsat that are not Members of the World Trade Organization and that are not supporting pro-competitive privatization of INTELSAT and Inmarsat.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s625/a/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Consultation.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Secretary's determinations under paragraph (1) shall be made in consultation with the Federal Communications Commission, the Secretary of State, and the United States Trade Representative, and shall take into account the totality of a country's actions in all relevant fora, including the Assemblies of Parties of INTELSAT and Inmarsat.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s625/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Imposition of Cost-Based Settlement Rate.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Notwithstanding—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s625/b/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">any higher settlement rate that an overseas carrier charges any United States carrier to originate or terminate international message telephone services; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s625/b/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">any transition period that would otherwise apply,</content> </paragraph><continuation style="-uslm-dtd:continuation-text" role="subsection">the Commission may by rule prohibit United States carriers from paying an amount in excess of a cost-based settlement rate to overseas carriers in countries listed by the Commission pursuant to subsection (a).</continuation> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stB/s625/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Settlements Policy.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Commission shall, in exercising its authority to establish settlements rates for United States international common carriers, seek to advance United States policy in favor of cost-based settlements in all relevant fora on international telecommunications policy, including in meetings with parties and signatories of INTELSAT and Inmarsat.</content> </subsection> </section> </subtitle> <subtitle style="-uslm-dtd:subtitle" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="C">Subtitle C—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Deregulation and Other Statutory Changes </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s641" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="641">SEC. 641. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s765">47 U.S.C. 765</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">ACCESS TO INTELSAT. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s641/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Access Permitted.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Beginning on the date of enactment of this title, users or providers of telecommunications services shall be permitted to obtain direct access to INTELSAT telecommunications services and space segment capacity through purchases of such capacity or services from INTELSAT. Such direct access shall be at the level commonly referred to by INTELSAT, on the date of enactment of this title, as “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">Level III</quotedText>”.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s641/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Rulemaking.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Within 180 days after the date of enactment of this title, the Commission shall complete a rulemaking, with notice and opportunity for submission of comment by interested persons, to determine if users or providers of telecommunications services have sufficient opportunity to access INTELSAT space segment capacity directly from INTELSAT to meet their service or capacity requirements. If the Commission determines that such opportunity to access does not exist, the Commission shall take appropriate action to facilitate such direct access pursuant to its authority under this Act and the Communications Act of 1934. The Commission shall take such steps as may be necessary to prevent the circumvention of the intent of this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s641/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Contract Preservation.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Nothing in this section shall be construed to permit the abrogation or modification of any contract.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s642" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="642">SEC. 642. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s765a">47 U.S.C. 765a</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">SIGNATORY ROLE. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s642/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Limitations on Signatories.—</heading> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s642/a/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">National security limitations.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Federal Communications Commission, after a public interest determination, in consultation with the executive branch, may restrict foreign ownership of a United States signatory if the Commission determines that not to do so would constitute a threat to national security.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s642/a/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">No signatories required.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The United States Government shall not require signatories to represent the United States in INTELSAT or Inmarsat or in any successor entities after a pro-competitive privatization is achieved consistent with sections 621, 622, and 624.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s642/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Clarification of Privileges and Immunities of COMSAT.—</heading> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s642/b/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Generally not immunized.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Notwithstanding any other law or executive agreement, COMSAT shall not be entitled to any privileges or immunities under the laws of the United States or any State on the basis of its status as a signatory of INTELSAT or Inmarsat.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s642/b/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Limited immunity.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">COMSAT or any successor in interest shall not be liable for action taken by it in carrying out the specific, written instruction of the United States issued in connection with its relationships and activities with foreign governments, international entities, and the intergovernmental satellite organizations.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s642/b/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">No joint or several liability.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">If COMSAT is found liable for any action taken in its status as a signatory or a representative of the party to INTELSAT, any such liability shall be limited to the portion of the judgment that corresponds to COMSAT's percentage of the ownership of INTELSAT at the time the activity began which lead to the liability.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s642/b/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Provisions prospective.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect to liability for any action taken by COMSAT before the date of enactment of this title.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s642/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Parity of Treatment.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Notwithstanding any other law or executive agreement, the Commission shall have the authority to impose similar regulatory fees on the United States signatory which it imposes on other entities providing similar services.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s643" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="643">SEC. 643. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s765b">47 U.S.C. 765b</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">ELIMINATION OF PROCUREMENT PREFERENCES. </heading> <content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">Nothing in this title or the Communications Act of 1934 shall be construed to authorize or require any preference, in Federal Government procurement of telecommunications services, for the satellite space segment provided by INTELSAT, Inmarsat, or any successor entity or separated entity.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s644" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="644">SEC. 644. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s765c">47 U.S.C. 765c</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">ITU FUNCTIONS. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s644/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Technical Coordination.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Commission and United States satellite companies shall utilize the International Telecommunication Union procedures for technical coordination with INTELSAT and its successor entities and separated entities, rather than INTELSAT procedures.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s644/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">ITU Notifying Administration.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The President and the Commission shall take the action necessary to ensure that the United States remains the ITU notifying administration for the privatized INTELSAT's existing and future orbital slot registrations.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s645" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="645">SEC. 645. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s765d">47 U.S.C. 765d</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">TERMINATION OF COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE ACT OF 1962 PROVISIONS. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC" role="undesignated-level"><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Effective on the dates specified, the following provisions of this Act shall cease to be effective:</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s645/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Date of enactment of this title: Paragraphs (1), (5) and (6) of section 201(a); section 201(b); paragraphs (1), (3) through (5), and (8) through (10) of section 201(c); section 303; section 304; section 502; section 503; paragraphs (2) and (4) of section 504(a); and section 504(c).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s645/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Upon the transfer of assets to a successor entity and receipt by signatories or former signatories (including COMSAT) of ownership shares in the successor entity of INTELSAT in accordance with appropriate arrangements determined by INTELSAT to implement privatization: Section 305.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s645/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">On the effective date of a Commission order determining under section 601(b)(2) that Inmarsat privatization is consistent with criteria in sections 621 and 624: Sections 504(b) and 504(d).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s645/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">On the effective date of a Commission order determining under section 601(b)(2) that INTELSAT privatization is consistent with criteria in sections 621 and 622: Section 102; section 103(7); paragraphs (2) through (4) and (7) of section 201(a); paragraphs (2), (6), and (7) of section 201(c); section 301; section 302; section 401; section 402; section 403; and section 404.</content><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:legis-comment"><b>[</b>Section 646 was repealed by section 402(a) of division P of Public Law 115–141.<b>]</b> </editorialNote> </paragraph> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s647" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="647">SEC. 647. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s765f">47 U.S.C. 765f</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">SATELLITE AUCTIONS. </heading> <content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Commission shall not have the authority to assign by competitive bidding orbital locations or spectrum used for the provision of international or global satellite communications services. The President shall oppose in the International Telecommunication Union and in other bilateral and multilateral fora any assignment by competitive bidding of orbital locations or spectrum used for the provision of such services.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s648" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="648">SEC. 648. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s765g">47 U.S.C. 765g</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">EXCLUSIVITY ARRANGEMENTS. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s648/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">In General.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">No satellite operator shall acquire or enjoy the exclusive right of handling telecommunications to or from the United States, its territories or possessions, and any other country or territory by reason of any concession, contract, understanding, or working arrangement to which the satellite operator or any persons or companies controlling or controlled by the operator are parties.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s648/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Exception.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">In enforcing the provisions of this section, the Commission—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s648/b/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">shall not require the termination of existing satellite telecommunications services under contract with, or tariff commitment to, such satellite operator; but</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stC/s648/b/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">may require the termination of new services only to the country that has provided the exclusive right to handle telecommunications, if the Commission determines the public interest, convenience, and necessity so requires.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> </section> </subtitle> <subtitle style="-uslm-dtd:subtitle" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stD" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="D">Subtitle D—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Negotiations To Pursue Privatization </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stD/s661" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="661">SEC. 661. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s767">47 U.S.C. 767</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">METHODS TO PURSUE PRIVATIZATION. </heading> <content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">The President shall secure the pro-competitive privatizations required by this title in a manner that meets the criteria in subtitle B.</content> </section> </subtitle> <subtitle style="-uslm-dtd:subtitle" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE" styleType="OLC" role="definitions"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="E">Subtitle E—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Definitions </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681" styleType="OLC" role="definitions"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="681">SEC. 681. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t47/s769">47 U.S.C. 769</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">DEFINITIONS. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">In General.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">As used in this title:</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">INTELSAT.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">INTELSAT</term>” means the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization established pursuant to the Agreement Relating to the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Inmarsat.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">Inmarsat</term>” means the International Mobile Satellite Organization established pursuant to the Convention on the International Maritime Organization.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Signatories.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">signatories</term>”—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/3/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">in the case of INTELSAT, or INTELSAT successors or separated entities, means a Party, or the telecommunications entity designated by a Party, that has signed the Operating Agreement and for which such Agreement has entered into force; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/3/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">in the case of Inmarsat, or Inmarsat successors or separated entities, means either a Party to, or an entity that has been designated by a Party to sign, the Operating Agreement.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Party.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">Party</term>”—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/4/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">in the case of INTELSAT, means a nation for which the INTELSAT agreement has entered into force; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/4/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">in the case of Inmarsat, means a nation for which the Inmarsat convention has entered into force.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/5" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Commission.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">Commission</term>” means the Federal Communications Commission.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/6" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="6">(6) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">International telecommunication union.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">International Telecommunication Union</term>” means the intergovernmental organization that is a specialized agency of the United Nations in which member countries cooperate for the development of telecommunications, including adoption of international regulations governing terrestrial and space uses of the frequency spectrum as well as use of the geostationary satellite orbit.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/7" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="7">(7) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Successor entity.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">successor entity</term>”—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/7/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">means any privatized entity created from the privatization of INTELSAT or Inmarsat or from the assets of INTELSAT or Inmarsat; but</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/7/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">does not include any entity that is a separated entity.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/8" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="8">(8) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Separated entity.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">separated entity</term>” means a privatized entity to whom a portion of the assets owned by INTELSAT or Inmarsat are transferred prior to full privatization of INTELSAT or Inmarsat, including in particular the entity whose structure was under discussion by INTELSAT as of March 25, 1998, but excluding ICO.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/9" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="9">(9) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Orbital location.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">orbital location</term>” means the location for placement of a satellite on the geostationary orbital arc as defined in the International Telecommunication Union Radio Regulations.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/10" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="10">(10) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Space segment.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">space segment</term>” means the satellites, and the tracking, telemetry, command, control, monitoring and related facilities and equipment used to support the operation of satellites owned or leased by INTELSAT, Inmarsat, or a separated entity or successor entity.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/11" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="11">(11) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Non-core services.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">non-core services</term>” means, with respect to INTELSAT provision, services other than public-switched network voice telephony and occasional-use television, and with respect to Inmarsat provision, services other than global maritime distress and safety services or other existing maritime or aeronautical services for which there are not alternative providers.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/12" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="12">(12) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Additional services.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">additional services</term>” means—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/12/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">for Inmarsat, those non-maritime or non-aeronautical mobile services in the 1.5 and 1.6 Ghz band on planned satellites or the 2 Ghz band; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/12/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">for INTELSAT, direct-to-home (DTH) or direct broadcast satellite (DBS) video services, or services in the Ka or V bands.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/13" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="13">(13) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">INTELSAT agreement.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">INTELSAT Agreement</term>” means the Agreement Relating to the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (“<term style="-uslm-dtd:quote">INTELSAT</term>”), including all its annexes (TIAS 7532, 23 UST 3813).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/14" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="14">(14) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Headquarters agreement.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">Headquarters Agreement</term>” means the International Telecommunication Satellite Organization Headquarters Agreement (November 24, 1976) (TIAS 8542, 28 UST 2248).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/15" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="15">(15) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Operating agreement.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">Operating Agreement</term>” means—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/15/A" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">in the case of INTELSAT, the agreement, including its annex but excluding all titles of articles, opened for signature at Washington on August 20, 1971, by Governments or telecommunications entities designated by Governments in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/15/B" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">in the case of Inmarsat, the Operating Agreement on the International Maritime Satellite Organization, including its annexes.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/16" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="16">(16) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Inmarsat convention.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">Inmarsat Convention</term>” means the Convention on the International Maritime Satellite Organization (Inmarsat) (TIAS 9605, 31 UST 1).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/17" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="17">(17) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">National corporation.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">national corporation</term>” means a corporation the ownership of which is held through publicly traded securities, and that is incorporated under, and subject to, the laws of a national, state, or territorial government.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/18" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="18">(18) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">COMSAT.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">COMSAT</term>” means the corporation established pursuant to title III of the Communications Satellite Act of 1962 (47 U.S.C. 731 et seq.), or the successor in interest to such corporation.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/19" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="19">(19) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">ICO.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">ICO</term>” means the company known, as of the date of enactment of this title, as ICO Global Communications, Inc.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/20" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="20">(20) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Global maritime distress and safety services or gmdss.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">global maritime distress and safety services</term>” or “<term style="-uslm-dtd:quote">G</term>” means the automated ship-to-shore distress alerting system which uses satellite and advanced terrestrial systems for international distress communications and promoting maritime safety in general. The G permits the worldwide alerting of vessels, coordinated search and rescue operations, and dissemination of maritime safety information.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/a/21" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="21">(21) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">National security agency.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">national security agency</term>” means the National Security Agency, the Director of Central Intelligence and the Central Intelligence Agency, the Department of Defense, and the Coast Guard.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/87/624/tVI/stE/s681/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Common Terminology.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Except as otherwise provided in subsection (a), terms used in this title that are defined in section 3 of the Communications Act of 1934 have the meanings provided in such section.</content> </subsection> </section> </subtitle>