<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="II">TITLE II—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AND THE TRANSPORTATION OF STUDENTS<ref style="-uslm-dtd:footnote-ref" idref="IDFB395D461D764BECB68E2726D425A188" class="footnoteRef">1</ref> </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/s201" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">short title </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="201">Sec. 201. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1701">20 U.S.C. 1701 note</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">This title may be cited as the “<shortTitle style="-uslm-dtd:quote"><inline style="-uslm-dtd:short-title">Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974</inline></shortTitle>”.</content><footnote id="IDFB395D461D764BECB68E2726D425A188" style="-uslm-dtd:footnote"><sup style="-uslm-dtd:superscript">1</sup><p style="-uslm-dtd:para; margin-left:1em">Title II of P.L. 93–380; The Education Amendments of 1974.</p></footnote> </section> <part style="-uslm-dtd:part" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA" styleType="traditional"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">Part A—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Equal Educational Opportunities </heading> <subpart style="-uslm-dtd:subpart" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt1" styleType="traditional"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">Subpart 1—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Policy and Purpose </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt1/s202" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">declaration of policy </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="202">Sec. 202. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1701">20 U.S.C. 1701</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt1/s202/a" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Congress declares it to be the policy of the United States that—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt1/s202/a/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">all children enrolled in public schools are entitled to equal educational opportunity without regard to race, color, sex, or national origin; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt1/s202/a/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the neighborhood is the appropriate basis for determining public school assignments.</content> </paragraph></subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt1/s202/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In order to carry out this policy, it is the purpose of this part to specify appropriate remedies for the orderly removal of the vestiges of the dual school system.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt1/s203" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">findings </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="203">Sec. 203. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1702">20 U.S.C. 1702</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt1/s203/a" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Congress finds that—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt1/s203/a/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the maintenance of dual school systems in which students are assigned to schools solely on the basis of race, color, sex, or national origin denies to those students the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the fourteenth amendment;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt1/s203/a/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">for the purpose of abolishing dual school systems and eliminating the vestiges thereof, many local educational agencies have been required to reorganize their school systems, to reassign students, and to engage in the extensive transportation of students;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt1/s203/a/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the implementation of desegregation plans that require extensive student transportation has, in many cases, required local educational agencies to expend large amounts of funds, thereby depleting their financial resources available for the maintenance or improvement of the quality of educational facilities and instruction provided;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt1/s203/a/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">transportation of students which creates serious risks to their health and safety, disrupts the educational process carried out with respect to such students, and impinges significantly on their educational opportunity, is excessive;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt1/s203/a/5" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the risks and harms created by excessive transportation are particularly great for children enrolled in the first six grades; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt1/s203/a/6" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="6">(6) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the guidelines provided by the courts for fashioning remedies to dismantle dual school systems have been, as the Supreme Court of the United States has said, “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">incomplete and imperfect,</quotedText>” and have not established, a clear, rational, and uniform standard for determining the extent to which a local educational agency is required to reassign and transport its students in order to eliminate the vestiges of a dual school system.</content> </paragraph></subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt1/s203/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">For the foregoing reasons, it is necessary and proper that the Congress, pursuant to the powers granted to it by the Constitution of the United States, specify appropriate remedies for the elimination of the vestiges of dual school systems, except that the provisions of this title are not intended to modify or diminish the authority of the courts of the United States to enforce fully the fifth and fourteenth amendments to the Constitution of the United States.</content> </subsection> </section> </subpart> <subpart style="-uslm-dtd:subpart" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt2" styleType="traditional"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">Subpart 2—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Unlawful Practices </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt2/s204" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">denial of equal educational opportunity prohibited </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="204">Sec. 204. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1703">20 U.S.C. 1703</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">No State shall deny equal educational opportunity to an individual on account of his or her race, color, sex, or national origin, by—</chapeau> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt2/s204/a" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the deliberate segregation by an educational agency of students on the basis of race, color, or national origin among or within schools;</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt2/s204/b" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the failure of an educational agency which has formerly practiced such deliberate segregation to take affirmative steps, consistent with subpart 4 of this title, to remove the vestiges of a dual school system;</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt2/s204/c" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the assignment by an educational agency of a student to a school, other than the one closest to his or her place of residence within the school district in which he or she resides, if the assignment results in a greater degree of segregation of students on the basis of race, color, sex, or national origin among the schools of such agency than would result if such student were assigned to the school closest to his or her place of residence within the school district of such agency providing the appropriate grade level and type of education for such student;</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt2/s204/d" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">discrimination by an educational agency on the basis of race, color, or national origin in the employment, employment conditions, or assignment to schools of its faculty or staff, except to fulfill the purposes of subsection (f) below;</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt2/s204/e" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="e">(e) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the transfer by an educational agency, whether voluntary or otherwise, of a student from one school to another if the purpose and effect of such transfer is to increase segregation of students on the basis of race, color, or national origin among the schools of such agency; or</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt2/s204/f" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="f">(f) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the failure by an educational agency to take appropriate action to overcome language barriers that impede equal participation by its students in its students in its instructional programs.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt2/s205" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">balance not required </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="205">Sec. 205. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1704">20 U.S.C. 1704</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The failure of an educational agency to attain a balance, on the basis of race, color, sex, or national origin, of students among its schools shall not constitute a denial of equal educational opportunity, or equal protection of the laws.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt2/s206" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">assignment on neighborhood basis not a denial of equal educational opportunity </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="206">Sec. 206. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1705">20 U.S.C. 1705</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Subject to the other provisions of this part, the assignment by an educational agency of a student to the school nearest his place of residence which provides the appropriate grade level and type of education for such student is not a denial of equal educational opportunity or of equal protection of the laws unless such assignment is for the purpose of segregating students on the basis of race, color, sex, or national origin, or the school to which such student is assigned was located on its site for the purpose of segregating students on such basis.</content> </section> </subpart> <subpart style="-uslm-dtd:subpart" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt3" styleType="traditional"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">Subpart 3—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Enforcement </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt3/s207" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">civil actions </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="207">Sec. 207. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1706">20 U.S.C. 1706</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">An individual denied an equal educational opportunity, as defined by this part may institute a civil action in an appropriate district court of the United States against such parties, and for such relief, as may be appropriate. The Attorney General of the United States (hereinafter in this title referred to as the “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">Attorney General</quotedText>”), for or in the name of the United States, may also institute such a civil action on behalf of such an individual.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt3/s208" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">effect of certain population changes on certain actions </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="208">Sec. 208. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1707">20 U.S.C. 1707</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">When a court of competent jurisdiction determines that a school system is desegregated, or that it meets the constitutional requirements, or that it is a unitary system, or that it has no vestiges of a dual system, and thereafter residential shifts in population occur which result in school population changes in any school within such a desegregated school system, such school population changes so occurring shall not, per se, constitute a cause for civil action for a new plan of desegregation or for modification of the court approved plan.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt3/s209" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">jurisdiction of district courts </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="209">Sec. 209. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1708">20 U.S.C. 1708</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The appropriate district court of the United States shall have and exercise jurisdiction of proceedings instituted under section 207.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt3/s210" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">intervention by attorney general </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="210">Sec. 210. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1709">20 U.S.C. 1709</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Whenever a civil action is instituted under section 207 by an individual, the Attorney General may intervene in such action upon timely application.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt3/s211" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">suits by the attorney general </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="211">Sec. 211. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1710">20 U.S.C. 1710</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Attorney General shall not institute a civil action under section 207 before he—</chapeau> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt3/s211/a" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">gives to the appropriate educational agency notice of the condition or conditions which, in his judgment, constitute a violation of subpart 2 of this part; and</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt3/s211/b" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">certifies to the appropriate district court of the United States that he is satisfied that such educational agency has not, within a reasonable time after such notice, undertaken appropriate remedial action.</content> </subsection> </section> </subpart> <subpart style="-uslm-dtd:subpart" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4" styleType="traditional"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">Subpart 4—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Remedies </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s213" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">formulating remedies; applicability </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="213">Sec. 213. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1712">20 U.S.C. 1712</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In formulating a remedy for a denial of equal educational opportunity or a denial of the equal protection of the laws, a court, department, or agency of the United States shall seek or impose only such remedies as are essential to correct particular denials of equal educational opportunity or equal protection of the laws.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s214" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">priority of remedies </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="214">Sec. 214. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1713">20 U.S.C. 1713</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">In formulating a remedy for a denial of equal educational opportunity or a denial of the equal protection of the laws, which may involve directly or indirectly the transportation of students, a court, department, or agency of the United States shall consider and make specific findings on the efficacy in correcting such denial of the following remedies and shall require implementation of the first of the remedies set out below, or of the first combination thereof which would remedy such denial:</chapeau> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s214/a" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">assigning students to the schools closest to their places of residence which provide the appropriate grade level and type of education for such students, taking into account school capacities and natural physical barriers;</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s214/b" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">assigning students to the schools closest to their places of residence which provide the appropriate grade level and type of education for such students, taking into account only school capacities;</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s214/c" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">permitting students to transfer from a school in which a majority of the students are of their race, color, or national origin to a school in which a minority of the students are of their race, color, or national origin;</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s214/d" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the creation or revision of attendance zones or grade structures without requiring transportation beyond that described in section 215;</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s214/e" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="e">(e) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the construction of new schools or the closing of inferior schools;</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s214/f" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="f">(f) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the construction or establishment of magnet schools; or</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s214/g" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="g">(g) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the development and implementation of any other plan which is educationally sound and administratively feasible, subject to the provisions of sections 215 and 216 of this part.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s215" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">transportation of students </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="215">Sec. 215. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1714">20 U.S.C. 1714</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s215/a" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">No court, department, or agency of the United States shall, pursuant to section 214, order the implementation of a plan that would require the transportation of any student to a school other than the school closest or next closest to his place of residence which provides the appropriate grade level and type of education for such student.</content></subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s215/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">No court, department, or agency of the United States shall require directly or indirectly the transportation of any student if such transportation poses a risk to the health of such student or constitutes a significant impingement on the educational process with respect to such student.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s215/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">When a court of competent jurisdiction determines that a school system is desegregated, or that it meets the constitutional requirements, or that it is a unitary system, or that it has no vestiges of a dual system, and thereafter residential shifts in population occur which result in school population changes in any school within such a desegregated school system, no educational agency because of such shifts shall be required by any court, department, or agency of the United States to formulate, or implement any new desegregation plan, or modify or implement any modification of the court approved desegregation plan, which would require transportation of students to compensate wholly or in part for such shifts in school population so occurring.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s216" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">district lines </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="216">Sec. 216. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1715">20 U.S.C. 1715</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In the formulation of remedies under section 213 or 214 of this part the lines drawn by a State, subdividing its territory into separate school districts, shall not be ignored or altered except where it is established that the lines were drawn for the purpose, and had the effect, of segregating children among public schools on the basis of race, color, sex, or national origin.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s217" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">voluntary adoption of remedies </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="217">Sec. 217. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1716">20 U.S.C. 1716</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Nothing in this part prohibits an educational agency from proposing, adopting, requiring, or implementing any plan of desegregation, otherwise lawful, that is at variance with the standards set out in this part nor shall any court, department, or agency of the United States be prohibited from approving implementation of a plan which goes beyond what can be required under this part, if such plan is voluntarily proposed by the appropriate educational agency.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s218" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">reopening proceedings </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="218">Sec. 218. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1717">20 U.S.C. 1717</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">A parent or guardian of a child, or parents or guardians of children similarly situated, transported to a public school in accordance with a court order, or an educational agency subject to a court order or a desegregation plan under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in effect on the date of the enactment of this part and intended to end segregation of students on the basis of race, color, or national origin, may seek to reopen or intervene in the further implementation of such court order, currently in effect, if the time or distance of travel is so great as to risk the health of the student or significantly impinge on his or her educational process.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt4/s219" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">limitation on orders </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="219">Sec. 219. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1718">20 U.S.C. 1718</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Any court order requiring, directly or indirectly, the transportation of students for the purpose of remedying a denial of the equal protection of the laws may, to the extent of such transportation, be terminated if the court finds the defendant educational agency has satisfied the requirements of the fifth or fourteenth amendments to the Constitution, whichever is applicable, and will continue to be in compliance with the requirements thereof. The court of initial jurisdiction shall state in its order the basis for any decision to terminate an order pursuant to this section, and the termination of any order pursuant to this section shall be stayed pending a final appeal or, in the event no appeal is taken, until the time for any such appeal has expired. No additional order requiring such educational agency to transport students for such purpose shall be entered unless such agency is found not to have satisfied the requirements of the fifth or fourteenth amendments to the Constitution, whichever is applicable.</content> </section> </subpart> <subpart style="-uslm-dtd:subpart" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt5" styleType="traditional" role="definitions"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">Subpart 5—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Definitions </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt5/s221" styleType="traditional-inline"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="221">Sec. 221. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1720">20 U.S.C. 1720</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">For the purposes of this part—</chapeau> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt5/s221/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">educational agency</term>” means a local educational agency or a “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">State educational agency</quotedText>” as defined by section 801(k) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt5/s221/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">local educational agency</term>” means a local educational agency as defined by section 801(f) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt5/s221/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">segregation</term>” means the operation of a school system in which students are wholly or substantially separated among the schools of an educational agency on the basis of race, color, sex, or national origin or within a school on the basis of race, color, or national origin.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt5/s221/d" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">desegregation</term>” means desegregation as defined by section 401(b) of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt5/s221/e" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="e">(e) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">An educational agency shall be deemed to transport a student if any part of the cost of such student's transportation is paid by such agency.</content> </subsection> </section> </subpart> <subpart style="-uslm-dtd:subpart" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt6" styleType="traditional"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="6">Subpart 6—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Miscellaneous Provisions </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt6/s222" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">repealer </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="222">Sec. 222. </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Section 709(a)(3) of the Emergency School Aid Act is hereby repealed.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptA/spt6/s223" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">separability of provisions </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="223">Sec. 223. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1721">20 U.S.C. 1721</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">If any provision of this part or of any amendment made by this part, or the application of any such provision to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder of the provisions of this part and the amendments made by this part and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.</content> </section> </subpart> </part> <part style="-uslm-dtd:part" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptB" styleType="traditional"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">Part B—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Other Provisions Relating to the Assignment and Transportation of Students </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptB/s251" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">prohibition against assignment or transportation of students to overcome racial imbalance </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="251">Sec. 251. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1751">20 U.S.C. 1751</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">No provision of this Act shall be construed to require the assignment or transportation of students or teachers in order to overcome racial imbalance.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptB/s252" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">prohibition against use of funds for busing</heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="252">Sec. 252. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:legis-comment"><b>[</b>Amendment to sec. 420 of the General Education Provisions Act, 20 U.S.C. 1228.<b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptB/s253" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">provision relating to court appeals </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="253">Sec. 253. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1752">20 U.S.C. 1752</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Notwithstanding any other law or provision of law, in the case of any order on the part of any United States district court which requires the transfer or transportation of any student or students from any school attendance area prescribed by competent State or local authority for the purposes of achieving a balance among students with respect to race, sex, religion, or socioeconomic status, the effectiveness of such order shall be postponed until all appeals in connection with such order have been exhausted or, in the event no appeals are taken, until the time for such appeals has expired. This section shall expire at midnight on June 30, 1978.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptB/s254" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">provision requiring that rules of evidence be uniform </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="254">Sec. 254. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1753">20 U.S.C. 1753</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The rules of evidence required to prove that State or local authorities are practicing racial discrimination in assigning students to public schools shall be uniform throughout the United States.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptB/s255" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">application of proviso of section 407(a) of the civil rights act of 1964 to the entire united states </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="255">Sec. 255. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1754">20 U.S.C. 1754</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The proviso of section 407(a) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 providing in substance that no court or official of the United States shall be empowered to issue any order seeking to achieve a racial balance in any school by requiring the transportation of pupils or students from one school to another or one school district to another in order to achieve such racial balance, or otherwise enlarge the existing power of the court to insure compliance with constitutional standards shall apply to all public school pupils and to every public school system, public school and public school board, as defined by title IV, under all circumstances and conditions and at all times in every State, district, territory, Commonwealth, or possession of the United States, regardless of whether the residence of such public school pupils or the principal offices of such public school system, public school or public school board is situated in the northern, eastern, western, or southern part of the United States.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptB/s256" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">additional priority of remedies </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="256">Sec. 256. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1755">20 U.S.C. 1755</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Notwithstanding any other provision of law, after June 30, 1974 no court of the United States shall order the implementation of any plan to remedy a finding of de jure segregation which involves the transportation of students, unless the court first finds that all alternative remedies are inadequate.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptB/s257" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">remedies with respect to school district lines </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="257">Sec. 257. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1756">20 U.S.C. 1756</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In the formulation of remedies under this title the lines drawn by a State subdividing its territory into separate school districts, shall not be ignored or altered except where it is established that the lines were drawn, or maintained or crossed for the purpose, and had the effect of segregating children among public schools on the basis of race, color, sex, or national origin, or where it is established that, as a result of discriminatory actions within the school districts, the lines have had the effect of segregating children among public schools on the basis of race, color, sex, or national origin.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptB/s258" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">prohibition of forced busing during school year </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="258">Sec. 258. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1757">20 U.S.C. 1757</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptB/s258/a" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Congress finds that—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptB/s258/a/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the forced transportation of elementary and secondary school students in implementation of the constitutional requirement for the desegregation of such schools is controversial and difficult under the best planning and administration; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptB/s258/a/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the forced transportation of elementary and secondary school students after the commencement of an academic school year is educationally unsound and administratively inefficient.</content> </paragraph></subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptB/s258/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, no order of a court, department, or agency of the United States, requiring the transportation of any student incident to the transfer of that student from one elementary or secondary school to another such school in a local educational agency pursuant to a plan requiring such transportation for the racial desegregation of any school in that agency, shall be effective until the beginning of an academic school year.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptB/s258/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">For the purpose of this section, the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">academic school year</term>” means, pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Commissioner, the customary beginning of classes for the school year at an elementary or secondary school of a local educational agency for a school year that occurs not more often than once in any twelve-month period.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptB/s258/d" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The provisions of this section apply to any order which was not implemented at the beginning of the 1974-1975 academic year.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/380/tII/ptB/s259" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">reasonable time for developing voluntary plan for desegregating schools </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="259">Sec. 259. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t20/s1758">20 U.S.C. 1758</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Not withstanding any other law or provision of law, no court or officer of the United States shall enter, as a remedy for a denial of equal educational opportunity or a denial of equal protection of the laws, any order for enforcement of a plan of desegregation or modification of a court-approved plan, until such time as the local educational agency to be affected by such order has been provided notice of the details of the violation and given a reasonable opportunity to develop a voluntary remedial plan. Such time shall permit the local educational agency sufficient opportunity for community participation in the development of a remedial plan.</content> </section> </part>