PUBLIC LAW 93-153-(ACT OF NOVEMBER 16, 1973-- TRANS-ALASKA OIL PIPELINE) Public Law 93–153, as amended PUBLIC LAW 93-153-(ACT OF NOVEMBER 16, 1973-- TRANS-ALASKA OIL PIPELINE) 153 101–380 Statute Compilation United States House of Representatives Office of the Legislative Counsel text/xml EN Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain. GPO Statute Compilations USLM converter, version 20210527.1 2021-10-15 Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act 5339 93 1973-11-16 PUBLIC LAW 93-153-(ACT OF NOVEMBER 16, 1973-- TRANS-ALASKA OIL PIPELINE)11

The Tran-Alaska Oil Pipeline (87 Stat. 584) consists of the Act of November 16, 1973, and subsequent amendments thereto (43 U.S.C. 1651 and following).

 [Public Law 93–153, as Amended] [As Amended Through P.L. 101–380, Enacted August 18, 1990] [Currency: This publication is a compilation of the text of Public Law 93–153. It was last amended by the public law listed in the As Amended Through note above and below at the bottom of each page of the pdf version and reflects current law through the date of the enactment of the public law listed at https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/comps/] [Note: While this publication does not represent an official version of any Federal statute, substantial efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of its contents. The official version of Federal law is found in the United States Statutes at Large and in the United States Code. The legal effect to be given to the Statutes at Large and the United States Code is established by statute (1 U.S.C. 112, 204).]
AN ACTTo amend section 28 of the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, and to authorize a trans-Alaska oil pipeline, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="I">TITLE I—</num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:legis-comment"><b>[</b>Section 101 amended section 28 of the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920.<b>]</b> </editorialNote> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="II">TITLE II—</num> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header" class="block">short title </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s201" styleType="traditional-inline"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="201">Sec. 201. </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">This title may be cited as the “<shortTitle style="-uslm-dtd:quote">Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act</shortTitle>”.</content><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t43/s1651">43 U.S.C. 1651 note</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s202" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">congressional findings </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="202">Sec. 202. </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Congress finds and declares that:</chapeau> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s202/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The early development and delivery of oil and gas from Alaska's North Slope to domestic markets is in the national interest because of growing domestic shortages and increasing dependence upon insecure foreign sources.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s202/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Department of the Interior and other Federal agencies, have, over a long period of time, conducted extensive studies of the technical aspects and of the environmental, social, and economic impacts of the proposed trans-Alaska oil pipeline, including consideration of a trans-Canada pipeline.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s202/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The earliest possible construction of a trans-Alaska oil pipeline from the North Slope of Alaska to Port Valdez in that State will make the extensive proven and potential reserves of low-sulfur oil available for domestic use and will best serve the national interest.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s202/d" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">A supplemental pipeline to connect the North Slope with a trans-Canada pipeline may be needed later and it should be studied now, but it should not be regarded as an alternative for a trans-Alaska pipeline that does not traverse a foreign country.</content> </subsection><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t43/s1651">43 U.S.C. 1651</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s203" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">congressional authorization </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="203">Sec. 203. </num><subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s203/a" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The purpose of this title is to insure that, because of the extensive governmental studies already made of this project and the national interest in early delivery of North Slope oil to domestic markets, the trans-Alaska oil pipeline be constructed promptly without further administrative or judicial delay or impediment. To accomplish this purpose it is the intent of the Congress to exercise its constitutional powers to the fullest extent in the authorizations and directions herein made and in limiting judicial review of the actions taken pursuant thereto.</content></subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s203/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Congress hereby authorizes and directs the Secretary of the Interior and other appropriate Federal officers and agencies to issue and take all necessary action to administer and enforce rights-of-way, permits, leases, and other authorizations that are necessary for or related to the construction, operation, and maintenance of the trans-Alaska oil pipeline system, including roads and airstrips, as that system is generally described in the Final Environmental Impact Statement issued by the Department of the Interior on March 20, 1972. The route of the pipeline may be modified by the Secretary to provide during construction greater environmental protection.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s203/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Rights-of-way, permits, leases, and other authorizations issued pursuant to this title by the Secretary shall be subject to the provisions of section 28 of the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, as amended by title I of this Act (except the provisions of subsections (h)(1), (k), (q), (w)(2), and (x)); all authorizations issued by the Secretary and other Federal officers and agencies pursuant to this title shall include the terms and conditions required, and may include the terms and conditions permitted, by the provisions of law that would otherwise be applicable if this title had not been enacted, and they may waive any procedural requirements of law or regulation which they deem desirable to waive in order to accomplish the purposes of this title. The direction contained in section 203(b) shall supersede the provisions of any law or regulation relating to an administrative determination as to whether the authorizations for construction of the trans-Alaska oil pipeline shall be issued.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s203/d" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The actions taken pursuant to this title which relate to the construction and completion of the pipeline system and to the applications filed in connection therewith necessary to the pipeline's operation at full capacity, as described in the Final Environmental Impact Statement of the Department of the Interior, shall be taken without further action under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969; and the actions of the Federal officers concerning the issuance of the necessary rights-of-way, permits, leases, and other authorizations for construction and initial operation at full capacity of said pipeline system shall not be subject to judicial review under any law except that claims alleging the invalidity of this section may be brought within sixty days following its enactment, and claims alleging that an action will deny rights under the Constitution of the United States, or that the action is beyond the scope of authority conferred by this title, may be brought within sixty days following the date of such action. A claim shall be barred unless a complaint is filed within the time specified. Any such complaint shall be filed in a United States district court, and such court shall have exclusive jurisdiction to determine such proceeding in accordance with the procedures hereinafter provided, and no other court of the United States, of any State, territory, or possession of the United States, or of the District of Columbia, shall have jurisdiction of any such claim whether in a proceeding instituted prior to or on or after the date of the enactment of this Act. Such court shall not have jurisdiction to grant any injunctive relief against the issuance of any right-of-way, permit, lease, or other authorization pursuant to this section except in conjunction with a final judgment entered in a case involving a claim filed pursuant to this section. An interlocutory or final judgement, decree, or order of such district court may be reviewed only upon petition for a writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of the United States.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s203/e" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="e">(e) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Secretary of the Interior and the other Federal officers and agencies are authorized at any time when necessary to protect the public interest, pursuant to the authority of this section and in accordance with its provisions, to amend or modify any right-of-way, permit, lease, or other authorization issued under this title.</content> </subsection><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t43/s1652">43 U.S.C. 1652</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">liability </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="204">Sec. 204. </num><subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/a" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a)</num><paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/a/1" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Except when the holder of the pipeline right-of-way granted pursuant to this title can prove that damages in connection with or resulting from activities along or in the vicinity of the proposed trans-Alaskan pipeline right-of-way were caused solely by an act of war or negligence of the United States, other government entity, or the damaged party, such holder shall be strictly liable to all damaged parties, public or private, without regard to fault for such damages, and without regard to ownership of any affected lands, structures, fish, wildlife, or biotic or other natural resources relied upon by Alaska Natives, Native organizations, or others for subsistence or economic purposes. Claims for such injury or damages may be determined by arbitration or judicial proceedings.</content></paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/a/2" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Liability under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be limited to $350,000,000 for any one incident, and the holders of the right-of-way or permit shall be liable for any claim allowed in proportion to their ownership interest in the right-of-way or permit. Liability of such holders for damages in excess of $350,000,000 shall be in accord with ordinary rules of negligence.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/a/3" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In any case where liability without fault is imposed pursuant to this subsection and the damages involved were caused by the negligence of a third party, the rules of subrogation shall apply in accordance with the law of the jurisdiction where the damage occurred.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/a/4" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Upon order of the Secretary, the holder of a right-of-way or permit shall provide emergency subsistence and other aid to an affected Alaska Native, Native organization, or other person pending expeditious filing of, and determination of, a claim under this subsection.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/a/5" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Where the State of Alaska is the holder of a right-of-way or permit under this title, the State shall not be subject to the provisions of subsection 204(a), but the holder of the permit or right-of-way for the trans-Alaska pipeline shall be subject to that subsection with respect to facilities constructed or activities conducted under rights-of-way or permits issued to the State to the extent that such holder engages in the construction, operation, maintenance, and termination of facilities, or in other activities under rights-of-way or permits issued to the State.</content> </paragraph></subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">If in the State of Alaska within or without the right-of-way or permit area granted under this title is polluted by any activities related to the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, including operation of the terminal, conducted by or on behalf of the holder to whom such right-of-way or permit was granted, and such pollution damages or threatens to damage aquatic life, wildlife, or public or private property, the control and total removal of the pollutant shall be at the expense of such holder, including any administrative and other costs incurred by the Secretary or any other Federal or State officer or agency. Upon failure of such holder to adequately control and remove such pollutant, the Secretary, in cooperation with other Federal, State, or local agencies, or in cooperation with such holder, or both, shall have the right to accomplish the control and removal at the expense of such holder.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c)<ref style="-uslm-dtd:footnote-ref" idref="ID79E0EA61C9EA4CDCB7BACF34C7E2CA52" class="footnoteRef">2</ref></num><paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/1" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, if oil that has been transported through the trans-Alaska pipeline is loaded on a vessel at the terminal facilities of the pipeline, the owner and operator of the vessel (jointly and severally) and the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Liability Fund established by this subsection, shall be strictly liable without regard to fault in accordance with the provisions of this subsection for all damages, including clean-up costs, sustained by any person or entity, public or private, including residents of Canada, as the result of discharges of oil from such vessel.</content><footnote id="ID79E0EA61C9EA4CDCB7BACF34C7E2CA52" style="-uslm-dtd:footnote"><sup style="-uslm-dtd:superscript">2</sup><content><p style="-uslm-dtd:para; margin-left:1em">Pursuant to section 8102(a) of P.L. 101–380, subsection (c) is repealed effective 60 days after the date on which the Comptroller General of the United States certifies to the Congress that—</p> <p style="-uslm-dtd:para; margin-left:4em">(i) all claims arising under section 204(c) of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act (43 U.S.C. 1653(c)) have been resolved,</p> <p style="-uslm-dtd:para; margin-left:4em">(ii) all actions for the recovery of amounts subject to section 204(c) of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act have been resolved, and</p> <p style="-uslm-dtd:para; margin-left:4em">(iii) all administrative expenses reasonably necessary for and incidental to the implementation of section 204(c) of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act have been paid.</p> <p style="-uslm-dtd:para; margin-left:2em">(B) Upon the effective date of the repeal pursuant to subparagraph (A), the trustees of the TAPS Fund shall be relieved of all responsibilities under section 204(c) of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act, but not any existing legal liability.</p></content></footnote></paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/2" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Strict liability shall not be imposed under this subsection if the owner or operator of the vessel, or the Fund, can prove that the damages were caused solely by an act of war or by the negligence of the United States or other governmental agency. Strict liability shall not be imposed under this subsection with respect to the claim of a damaged party if the owner or operator of the vessel, or the Fund, can prove that the damage was caused by the negligence of such party.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/3" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Strict liability for all claims arising out of any one incident shall not exceed $100,000,000. The owner and operator of the vessel shall be jointly and severally liable for the first $14,000,000 of such claims that are allowed. Financial responsibility for $14,000,000 shall be demonstrated in accordance with the provisions of section 311(p) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1321(p)) before the oil is loaded. The Fund shall be liable for the balance of the claims that are allowed up to $100,000,000. If the total claims allowed exceed $100,000,000, they shall be reduced proportionately. The unpaid portion of any claim may be asserted and adjudicated under other applicable Federal or State law. The Fund shall expeditiously pay claims under this subsection, including such $14,000,000, if the owner or operator of a vessel has not paid any such claim within 90 days after such claim has been submitted to such owner or operator. Upon payment of any such claim, the Fund shall be subrogated under applicable State and Federal laws to all tights of any person entitled to recover under this subsection. In any action brought by the Fund ageainst an owner or operator or any affiliate thereof to recover amounts under this paragraph, the Fund shall be entitled to recover prefudgment interest, costs, reasonable attorney's fees, and, in the discretion of the court, penalties. The Fund shall expeditiously pay claims under this subsection, including such $14,000,000, if the owner or operator of a vessel has not paid any such claim within 90 days after such claim has been submitted to such owner or operator. Upon payment of any such claim, the Fund shall be subrogated under applicable State and Federal laws to all rights of any person entitled to recover under this subsection. In any action brought by the Fund against an owner or operator or an affiliate thereof to recover amounts under this paragraph, the Fund shall be entitled to recover prejudgment interest, costs, reasonable attorney's fees, and, in the discretion of the court, penalties.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/4" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4)</num><subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/4/A" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Liability Fund is hereby established as a non-profit corporate entity that may sue and be sued in its own name. The Fund shall be administered by the holders of the trans-Alaska pipeline right-of-way under regulations prescribed by the Secretary. The Fund shall be subject to an annual audit by the Comptroller General, and a copy of the audit shall be submitted to the Congress.</content></subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/4/B" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease2"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">No present or former officer or trustee of the Fund shall be subject to any liability incurred by the Fund or by the present or former officers or trustees of the Fund, other than liability for gross negligence or willful misconduct.</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/4/C" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease2"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="C">(C)</num><clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/4/C/i" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="i">(i) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Subject to clause (ii), each officer and each trustee of the Fund—</chapeau> <subclause style="-uslm-dtd:subclause" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/4/C/i/I" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease3"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="I">(I) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">shall be indemnified against all claims and liabilities to which he or she has or shall become subject by reason of serving or having served as an officer or trustee, or by reason of any action taken, omitted, or neglected by him or her as an officer or trustee; and</content> </subclause> <subclause style="-uslm-dtd:subclause" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/4/C/i/II" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease3"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="II">(II) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">shall be reimbursed for all attorney's fees reasonably incurred in connection with any claim or liability.</content> </subclause></clause> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/4/C/ii" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease3"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="ii">(ii) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">No officer or trustee shall be indemnified against, or be reimbursed for, any expenses incurred in connection with, any claim or liability arising out of his or her gross negligence or willful misconduct.</content> </clause> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/5" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The operator of the pipeline shall collect from the owner of the oil at the time it is loaded on the vessel a fee of five cents per barrel. The collection shall cease when $100,000,000 has been accumulated in the Fund, and it shall be resumed when the accumulation in the Fund falls below $100,000,000, except that after the date of enactment of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, the amount to be accumulated shall be $100,000,000 or the amount determined by the trustees and certified to the Congress by the Comptroller General as necessary to pay claims arising from incidents occurring prior to the date of enactment of that Act and administrative costs, whichever is less.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/6" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="6">(6) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The collections under paragraph (5) shall be delivered to the Fund. Costs of administration shall be paid from the money paid to the Fund, and all sums not needed for administration and the satisfaction of claims shall be invested prudently in income-producing securities approved by the Secretary. Income from such securities shall be added to the principal of the Fund.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/7" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="7">(7) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The provisions of this subsection shall apply only to vessels engaged in transportation between the terminal facilities of the pipeline and ports under the jurisdiction of the United States. Strict liability under this subsection shall cease when the oil has first been brought ashore at a port under the jurisdiction of the United States.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/8" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="8">(8) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In any case where liability without regard to fault is imposed pursuant to this subsection and the damages involved were caused by the unseaworthiness of the vessel or by negligence, the owner and operator of the vessel, and the Fund, as the case may be, shall be subrogated under applicable State and Federal laws to the rights under said laws of any person entitled to recovery hereunder. If any subrogee brings an action based on unseaworthiness of the vessel or negligence of its owner or operator, it may recover from any affiliate of the owner or operator, if the respective owner or operator fails to satisfy any claim by the subrogee allowed under this paragraph.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/9" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="9">(9) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">This subsection shall not be interpreted to preempt the field of strict liability or to preclude any State from imposing additional requirements.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/10" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="10">(10) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">If the Fund is unable to satisfy a claim asserted and finally determined under this subsection, the Fund may borrow the money needed to satisfy the claim from any commercial credit source, at the lowest available rate of interest, subject to approval of the Secretary.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/11" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="11">(11) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">For purposes of this subsection only, the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">affiliate</term>” includes—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/11/A" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Any person owned or effectively controlled by the vessel owner or operator; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/11/B" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Any person that effectively controls or has the power effectively to control the vessel owner or operator by—</chapeau> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/11/B/i" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="i">(i) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">stock interest, or</content> </clause> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/11/B/ii" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="ii">(ii) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">representation on a board of directors or similar body, or</content> </clause> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/11/B/iii" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="iii">(iii) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">contract or other agreement with other stockholders, or</content> </clause> <clause style="-uslm-dtd:clause" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/11/B/iv" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="iv">(iv) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">otherwise; or</content> </clause> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/11/C" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="C">(C) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Any person which is under common ownership or control with the vessel owner or operator.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/12" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="12">(12) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">person</term>” means an individual, a corporation, a partnership, an association, a joint-stock company, a business trust, or an unincorporated organization.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/13" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="13">(13) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">For any claims against the Fund, the term “<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">damages</term>” shall include, but not be limited to—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/13/A" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the net loss of taxes, revenues, fees, royalties, rents, or other revenues incurred by a State or a political subdivision of a State due to injury, destruction, or loss of real property, personal property, or natural resources, or diminished economic activity due to a discharge of oil; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/13/B" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the net cost of providing increased or additional public services during or after removal activities due to a discharge of oil, including protection from fire, safety, or health hazards, incurred by a State or political subdivision of a State.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s204/c/14" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="14">(14) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Paragraphs (1) through (13) shall apply only to claims arising from incidents occurring before the date of enactment of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Reform Act of 1990. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 shall apply to any incident, or any claims arising from an incident, occurring on or after the date of the enactment of that Act.</content> </paragraph> </subsection><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t43/s1653">43 U.S.C. 1653</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s205" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">antitrust laws </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="205">Sec. 205. </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The grant of a right-of-way, permit, lease, or other authorization pursuant to this title shall grant no immunity from the operation of the Federal anti-trust laws.</content><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t43/s1654">43 U.S.C. 1654</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s206" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">roads and airports </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="206">Sec. 206. </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">A right-of-way, permit, lease, or other authorization granted under section 203(b) for a road or airstrip as a related facility of the trans-Alaska pipeline may provide for the construction of a public road or airstrip.</content><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t43/s1655">43 U.S.C. 1655</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s207" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">civil penalties </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="207">Sec. 207. </num><subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s207/a" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Penalty.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Except as provided in subsection (c)(4), the Secretary of the Interior may assess and collect a civil penalty under this section with respect to any discharge of oil—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s207/a/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">in transit from fields or reservoirs supplying oil to the trans-Alaska pipeline; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s207/a/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">during transportation through the trans-Alaska pipeline or handling at the terminal facilities, that causes damage to, or threatens to damage, natural resources or public or private property.</content> </paragraph></subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s207/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Persons Liable.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In addition to the person causing or permitting the discharge, the owner or owners of the oil at the time the discharge occurs shall be jointly, severally, and strictly liable for the full amount of penalties assessed pursuant to this section, except that the United States and the several States, and political subdivisions thereof, shall not be liable under this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s207/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Amount.—</heading><paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s207/c/1" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The amount of the civil penalty shall not exceed $1,000 per barrel of oil discharged.</content></paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s207/c/2" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In determining the amount of civil penalty under this section, the Secretary shall consider the seriousness of the damages from the discharge, the cause of the discharge, any history of prior violations of applicable rules and laws, and the degree of success of any efforts by the violator to minimize or mitigate the effects of such discharge.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s207/c/3" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Secretary may reduce or waive the penalty imposed under this section if the discharge was solely caused by an act of war, act of God, or third party action beyond the control of the persons liable under this section.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s207/c/4" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">No civil penalty assessed by the Secretary pursuant to this section shall be in addition to a penalty assessed pursuant to section 311(b) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321(b)).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s207/d" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Procedures.—</heading><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">A civil penalty may be assessed and collected under this section only after notice and opportunity for a hearing on the record in accordance with section 554 of title 5, United States Code. In any proceeding for the assessment of a civil penalty under this section, the Secretary may issue subpoenas for the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of relevant papers, books, and documents and may promulgate rules for discovery procedures. Any person who requested a hearing with respect to a civil penalty under this subsection and who is aggrieved by an order assessing the civil penalty may file a petition for judicial review of such order with the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia circuit or for any other circuit in which such person resides or transacts business. Such a petition may only be filed within the 30-day period beginning on the date the order making such assessment was issued.</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s207/e" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="e">(e) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">State Law.—</heading><paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s207/e/1" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Nothing in this section shall be construed or interpreted as preempting any State or political subdivision thereof from imposing any additional liability or requirements with respect to the discharge, or threat of discharge, of oil or other pollution by oil.</content></paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tII/s207/e/2" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Nothing in this section shall affect or modify in any way the obligations or liabilities of any person under other Federal or State law, including common law, with respect to discharges of oil.</content> </paragraph> </subsection><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t43/s1656">43 U.S.C. 1656</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="III">TITLE III—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">NEGOTIATIONS WITH CANADA </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIII/s301" styleType="traditional-inline"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="301">Sec. 301. </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The President of the United States is authorized and requested to enter into negotiations with the Government of Canada to determine—</chapeau> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIII/s301/a" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the willingness of the Government of Canada to permit the construction of pipelines or other transportation systems across Canadian territory for the transport of natural gas and oil from Alaska's North Slope to markets in the United States, including the use of tankers by way of the Northwest Passage;</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIII/s301/b" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the need for intergovernmental understandings, agreements, or treaties to protect the interests of the Governments of Canada and the United States and any party or parties involved with the construction, operation, and maintenance of pipelines or other transportation systems for the transport of such natural gas or oil;</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIII/s301/c" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the terms and conditions under which pipelines or other transportation systems could be constructed across Canadian territory;</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIII/s301/d" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the desirability of undertaking joint studies and investigations designed to insure protection of the environment, reduce legal and regulatory uncertainty, and insure that the respective energy requirements of the people of Canada and of the United States are adequately met;</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIII/s301/e" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="e">(e) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the quantity of such oil and natural gas from the North Slope of Alaska for which the Government of Canada would guarantee transit; and</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIII/s301/f" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentIncrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="f">(f) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the feasibility, consistent with the needs of other sections of the United States, of acquiring additional energy from other sources that would make unnecessary the shipment of oil from the Alaska pipeline by tanker into the Puget Sound area.</content> </subsection><continuation style="-uslm-dtd:continuation-text" role="section">The President shall report to the House and Senate Committees on Interior and Insular Affairs the actions taken, the progress achieved, the areas of disagreement, and the matters about which more information is needed, together with his recommendations for further action.</continuation> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIII/s302" styleType="traditional-inline"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="302">Sec. 302. </num><subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIII/s302/a" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Secretary of the Interior is authorized and directed to investigate the feasibility of one or more oil or gas pipelines from the North Slope of Alaska to connect with a pipeline through Canada that will deliver oil or gas to United States markets.</content></subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIII/s302/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">All costs associated with making the investigations authorized by subsection (a) shall be charged to any future applicant who is granted a right-of-way for one of the routes studied. The Secretary shall submit to the House and Senate Committees on Interior and Insular Affairs periodic reports of his investigation, and the final report of the Secretary shall be submitted within two years from the date of this Act.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIII/s303" styleType="traditional-inline"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="303">Sec. 303. </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Nothing in this title shall limit the authority of the Secretary of the Interior or any other Federal official to grant a gas or oil pipeline right-of-way or permit which he is otherwise authorized by law to grant.</content><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t43/s1651">43 U.S.C. 1651 note</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="IV">TITLE IV—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">MISCELLANEOUS </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s401" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">vessel construction standards</heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="401">Sec. 401. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:legis-comment"><b>[</b>This section amended section 4417a of the Revised Statutes of the United States (46 U.S.C. 391a).<b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s402" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">vessel traffic control </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="402">Sec. 402. </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating is hereby directed to establish a vessel traffic control system for Prince William Sound and Valdez, Alaska, pursuant to authority contained in title I of the Ports and Waterways Safety Act of 1972 (86 Stat. 424, Public Law 92–340).</content><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t33/s1221">33 U.S.C. 1221 note</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s403" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">civil rights </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="403">Sec. 403. </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Secretary of the Interior shall take such affirmative action as he deems necessary to assure that no person shall, on the grounds of race, creed, color, national origin, or sex, be excluded from receiving, or participating in any activity conducted under, any permit, right-of-way, public land order, or other Federal authorization granted or issued under title II. The Secretary of the Interior shall promulgate such rules as he deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this subsection and may enforce this subsection, and any rules promulgated under this subsection, through agency and department provisions and rules which shall be similar to those established and in effect under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.</content><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t43/s1651">43 U.S.C. 1651 note</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s404" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">confirmation of the director of the energy policy office </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="404">Sec. 404. </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The director of the Energy Policy Office in the Executive Office of the President shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate: <i style="-uslm-dtd:italic">Provided, </i>That if any individual who is serving in this office on the date of enactment of this Act is nominated for such position, he may continue to act unless and until such nomination shall be disapproved by the Senate.</content><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t15/s761">15 U.S.C. 761 note</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s405" styleType="traditional-inline"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="405">Sec. 405. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:legis-comment"><b>[</b>Repealed. Public Law 95–164; 91 Stat. 1322.<b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s406" styleType="traditional-inline"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="406">Sec. 406. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:legis-comment"><b>[</b>Repealed. Public Law 94–163; 89 Stat. 946.<b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s407" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">advance payments to alaska natives </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="407">Sec. 407. </num><subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s407/a" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In view of the delay in construction of a pipeline to transport North Slope crude oil, the sum of $5,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated from the United States Treasury into the Alaska Native Fund every six months of each fiscal year beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, as advance payments chargeable against the revenues to be paid under section 9 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, until such time as the delivery of North Slope crude oil to a pipeline is commenced.</content></subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s407/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:legis-comment"><b>[</b>This subsection amended section 9 of the Alaskan Native Claims Settlement Act.<b>]</b> </editorialNote> </subsection><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t43/s1608">43 U.S.C. 1608</ref>, 1608 note<b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s408" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">federal trade commission authority </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="408">Sec. 408. </num><subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s408/a" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a)</num><paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s408/a/1" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Congress hereby finds that the investigative and law enforcement responsibilities of the Federal Trade Commission have been restricted and hampered because of inadequate legal authority to enforce subpenas and to seek preliminary injunctive relief to avoid unfair competitive practices.</content></paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s408/a/2" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Congress further finds that as a direct result of this inadequate legal authority significant delays have occurred on a major investigation into the legality of the structure, conduct, and activities of the petroleum industry, as well as in other major investigations designed to protect the public interest.</content> </paragraph></subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s408/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">It is the purpose of this Act to grant the Federal Trade Commission the requisite authority to insure prompt enforcement of the laws the Commission administers by granting statutory authority to directly enforce subpenas issued by the Commission and to seek preliminary injunctive relief to avoid unfair competitive practices.</content> </subsection><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t15/s45">15 U.S.C. 45 note</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s408/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:legis-comment"><b>[</b>This subsection amended section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45).<b>]</b> </editorialNote> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s408/d" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d) </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:legis-comment"><b>[</b>This subsection amended section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45).<b>]</b> </editorialNote> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s408/e" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="e">(e) </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:legis-comment"><b>[</b>This subsection amended section 6 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 46).<b>]</b> </editorialNote> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s408/f" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="f">(f) </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:legis-comment"><b>[</b>This subsection amended section 13 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 53).<b>]</b> </editorialNote> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s408/g" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="g">(g) </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:legis-comment"><b>[</b>This subsection amended section 16 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 56).<b>]</b> </editorialNote> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s409" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">general accounting office authority </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="409">Sec. 409. </num><subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s409/a" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:legis-comment"><b>[</b>This subsection amended section 3502 of title 44, United States Code.<b>]</b> </editorialNote></subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s409/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:legis-comment"><b>[</b>This subsection amended chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code.<b>]</b> </editorialNote> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s410" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">equitable allocation of north slope crude oil </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="410">Sec. 410. </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Congress declares that the crude oil on the North Slope of Alaska is an important part of the Nation's oil resources, and that the benefits of such crude oil should be equitably shared, directly or indirectly, by all regions of the country. The President shall use any authority he may have to insure an equitable allocation of available North Slope and other crude oil resources and petroleum products among all regions and all of the several States.</content><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t43/s1651">43 U.S.C. 1651 note</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/93/153/tIV/s411" styleType="traditional"> <heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">separability </heading> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="411">Sec. 411. </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">If any provision of this Act or the applicability thereof is held invalid the remainder of this Act shall not be affected thereby.</content><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t43/s1651">43 U.S.C. 1651 note</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote> </section>