<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="X">TITLE X—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">OCEAN AND AIR TRANSPORTATION </heading> <subtitle style="-uslm-dtd:subtitle" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">Subtitle A—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Foreign Shipping Practices </heading> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10001" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="10001">SEC. 10001. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b>46 App. U.S.C. 1701 note<b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">SHORT TITLE. </heading> <content style="-uslm-dtd:text" class="block">This subtitle may be cited as the “<shortTitle style="-uslm-dtd:quote"><inline style="-uslm-dtd:short-title">Foreign Shipping Practices Act of 1988</inline></shortTitle>”.</content> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="10002">SEC. 10002. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b>46 App. U.S.C. 1710a<b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">FOREIGN LAWS AND PRACTICES. </heading> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Definitions.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">For purposes of this section—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/a/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">“<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">common carrier</term>”, “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">marine terminal operator</quotedText>”, “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">ocean transportation intermediary</quotedText>”, “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">ocean common carrier</quotedText>”, “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">person</quotedText>”, “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">shipper</quotedText>”, “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">shippers' association</quotedText>”, and “<quotedText style="-uslm-dtd:quote">United States</quotedText>” have the meanings given each such term, respectively, in section 3 of the Shipping Act of 1984 <editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b>46 App. U.S.C. 1702<b>]</b></editorialNote>;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/a/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">“<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">foreign carrier</term>” means an ocean common carrier a majority of whose vessels are documented under the laws of a country other than the United States;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/a/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">“<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">maritime services</term>” means port-to-port carriage of cargo by the vessels operated by ocean common carriers;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/a/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">“<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">maritime-related services</term>” means intermodal operations, terminal operations, cargo solicitation, agency services, ocean transportation intermediary services and operations, and all other activities and services integral to total transportation systems of ocean common carriers and their foreign domiciled affiliates on their own and others' behalf;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/a/5" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">“<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">United States carrier</term>” means an ocean common carrier which operates vessels documented under the laws of the United States; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/a/6" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="6">(6) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">“<term style="-uslm-dtd:term">United States oceanborne trade</term>” means the carriage of cargo between the United States and a foreign country, whether direct or indirect, by an ocean common carrier.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Authority To Conduct Investigations.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Federal Maritime Commission shall investigate whether any laws, rules, regulations, policies, or practices of foreign governments, or any practices of foreign carriers or other persons providing maritime or maritime-related services in a foreign country result in the existence of conditions that—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/b/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">adversely affect the operations of United States carriers in United States oceanborne trade; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/b/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">do not exist for foreign carriers of that country in the United States under the laws of the United States or as a result of acts of United States carriers or other persons providing maritime or maritime-related services in the United States.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/c" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Investigations.—</heading><paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/c/1" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Investigations under subsection (b) of this section may be initiated by the Commission on its own motion or on the petition of any person, including any common carrier, shipper, shippers' association, ocean transportation intermediary, or marine terminal operator, or any branch, department, agency, or other component of the Government of the United States.</content></paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/c/2" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Commission shall complete any such investigation and render a decision within 120 days after it is initiated, except that the Commission may extend such 120-day period for an additional 90 days if the Commission is unable to obtain sufficient information to determine whether a condition specified in subsection (b) of this section exists. Any notice providing such an extension shall clearly state the reasons for such extension.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/d" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="d">(d) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Information Requests.—</heading><paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/d/1" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In order to further the purposes of subsection (b) of this section, the Commission may, by order, require any person (including any common carrier, shipper, shippers' association, ocean transportation intermediary, or marine terminal operator, or any officer, receiver, trustee, lessee, agent or employee thereof) to file with the Commission any periodic or special report, answers to questions, documentary material, or other information which the Commission considers necessary or appropriate. The Commission may require that the response to any such order shall be made under oath. Such response shall be furnished in the form and within the time prescribed by the Commission.</content></paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/d/2" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">In an investigation under subsection (b) of this section, the Commission may issue subpoenas to compel the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of records or other evidence.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/d/3" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Commission may, in its discretion, determine that any information submitted to it in response to a request under this subsection, or otherwise, shall not be disclosed to the public.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/e" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="e">(e) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Action Against Foreign Carriers.—</heading><paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/e/1" styleType="OLC" class="inline"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Whenever, after notice and opportunity for comment or hearing, the Commission determines that the conditions specified in subsection (b) of this section exist, the Commission shall take such action as it considers necessary and appropriate against any foreign carrier that is a contributing cause to, or whose government is a contributing cause to, such conditions, in order to offset such conditions. Such action may include—</chapeau> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/e/1/A" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">limitations on sailings to and from United States ports or on the amount or type of cargo carried;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/e/1/B" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">suspension, in whole or in part, of any or all tariffs and service contracts, including the right of an ocean common carrier to use any or all tariffs and service contracts of conferences in United States trades of which it is a member for such period as the Commission specifies;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/e/1/C" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="C">(C) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">suspension, in whole or in part, of the right of an ocean common carrier to operate under any agreement filed with the Commission, including agreements authorizing preferential treatment at terminals, preferential terminal leases, space chartering, or pooling of cargo or revenues with other ocean common carriers; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/e/1/D" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="D">(D) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">a fee, not to exceed $1,000,000 per voyage.</content> </subparagraph></paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/e/2" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Commission may consult with, seek the cooperation of, or make recommendations to other appropriate Government agencies prior to taking any action under this subsection.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/e/3" styleType="OLC" class="leftIndentDecrease1"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Before a determination under this subsection becomes effective or a request is made under subsection (f) of this section, the determination shall be submitted immediately to the President who may, within 10 days after receiving such determination, disapprove the determination in writing, setting forth the reasons for the disapproval, if the President finds that disapproval is required for reasons of the national defense or the foreign policy of the United States.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/f" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="f">(f) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Actions Upon Request of the Commission.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">Whenever the conditions specified in subsection (b) of this section are found by the Commission to exist, upon the request of the Commission—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/f/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the collector of customs at any port or place of destination in the United States shall refuse the clearance required by section 4197 of the Revised Statutes <editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b>46 App. U.S.C. 91<b>]</b></editorialNote> to any vessel of a foreign carrier that is identified by the Commission under subsection (e) of this section; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/f/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall deny entry, for purposes of oceanborne trade, of any vessel of a foreign carrier that is identified by the Commission under subsection (e) of this section to any port or place in the United States or the navigable waters of the United States, or shall detain any such vessel at the port or place in the United States from which it is about to depart for any other port or place in the United States.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/g" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="g">(g) </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Report.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The Commission shall include in its annual report to Congress—</chapeau> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/g/1" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">a list of the twenty foreign countries which generated the largest volume of oceanborne liner cargo for the most recent calendar year in bilateral trade with the United States;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/g/2" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">an analysis of conditions described in subsection (b) of this section being investigated or found to exist in foreign countries;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/g/3" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">any actions being taken by the Commission to offset such conditions;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/g/4" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">any recommendations for additional legislation to offset such conditions; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/g/5" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">a list of petitions filed under subsection (c) of this section that the Commission rejected, and the reasons for each such rejection.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/h" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="h">(h) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The actions against foreign carriers authorized in subsections (e) and (f) of this section may be used in the administration and enforcement of section 13(b)(6) of the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 App. U.S.C. 1712(b)(6)) or section 19(1)(b) of the Merchant Marine Act, 1920 (46 App. U.S.C. 876).</content> </subsection> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10002/i" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="i">(i) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Any rule, regulation or final order of the Commission issued under this section shall be reviewable exclusively in the same forum and in the same manner as provided in section 2342(3)(B) of title 28, United States Code.</content> </subsection> </section> <section style="-uslm-dtd:section" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10003" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="10003">SEC. 10003. </num><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference" role="uscRef"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t46/s3302">46 U.S.C. 3302 note</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">MOBILE TRADE FAIRS. </heading><editorialNote style="-uslm-dtd:subsection"> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10003/a" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a"><b>[</b>(a) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">Amends section 212(B)(c) of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936.<b>]</b></content> </subsection></editorialNote> <subsection style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" identifier="/us/sComp/100/418/tX/stA/s10003/b" styleType="OLC"> <num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">For one year after the date of enactment of this Act, a vessel that is undergoing repair or retrofitting for use solely for mobile trade fair purposes is deemed to be out of commission under section 3302(e) of title 46, United States Code, during the repair or retrofitting.</content> <elided style="-uslm-dtd:omitted-text">* * * * * * *</elided> </subsection> </section> </subtitle>