FEDERAL JUDGESHIP ACT OF 1990
SECTION 201(a)–(c) OF PL 101–650
Public Law 101–650, as amended
FEDERAL JUDGESHIP ACT OF 1990
650
118–47
Statute Compilation
United States House of Representatives
Office of the Legislative Counsel
text/xml
EN
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Federal Judgeship Act of 1990
Judicial Improvements Act of 1990
Television Program Improvement Act of 1990
10383
101
1990-12-01
FEDERAL JUDGESHIP ACT OF 1990
[Public Law 101–650]
[As Amended Through P.L. 118–47, Enacted March 23, 2024]
[Currency: This publication is a compilation of Public Law 101-650. It was last amended by the public law listed in the As Amended Through note above and below at the bottom of each page of the pdf version and reflects current law through the date of the enactment of the public law listed at https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/comps/]
[Note: While this publication does not represent an official version of any Federal statute, substantial efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of its contents. The official version of Federal law is found in the United States Statutes at Large and in the United States Code. The legal effect to be given to the Statutes at Large and the United States Code is established by statute (1 U.S.C. 112, 204).]
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="II">TITLE II—</num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">FEDERAL JUDGESHIPS </heading>
<section identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s201" style="-uslm-dtd:section" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="201">SECTION 201. </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">SHORT TITLE. </heading>
<content class="block" style="-uslm-dtd:text">This title may be cited as the “<shortTitle style="-uslm-dtd:quote"><inline style="-uslm-dtd:short-title">Federal Judgeship Act of 1990</inline></shortTitle>”.</content>
<elided style="-uslm-dtd:omitted-text">* * * * * * *</elided>
</section>
<section identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203" style="-uslm-dtd:section" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="203">SEC. 203. </num><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">DISTRICT JUDGES FOR THE DISTRICT COURTS. </heading>
<subsection identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a" style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="a">(a) </num><editorialNote role="uscRef" style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t28/s133">28 U.S.C. 133 note</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">In General.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate—</chapeau>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/1" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the western district of Arkansas;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/2" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">2 additional district judges for the northern district of California;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/3" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">5 additional district judges for the central district of California;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/4" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the southern district of California;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/5" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">2 additional district judges for the district of Connecticut;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/6" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="6">(6) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">2 additional district judges for the middle district of Florida;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/7" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="7">(7) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the northern district of Florida;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/8" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="8">(8) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the southern district of Florida;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/9" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="9">(9) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the middle district of Georgia;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/10" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="10">(10) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the northern district of Illinois;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/11" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="11">(11) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the southern district of Iowa;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/12" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="12">(12) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the western district of Louisiana;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/13" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="13">(13) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the district of Maine;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/14" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="14">(14) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the district of Massachusetts;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/15" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="15">(15) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the southern district of Mississippi;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/16" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="16">(16) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the eastern district of Missouri;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/17" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="17">(17) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the district of New Hampshire;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/18" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="18">(18) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">3 additional district judges for the district of New Jersey;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/19" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="19">(19) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the district of New Mexico;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/20" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="20">(20) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the southern district of New York;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/21" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="21">(21) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">3 additional district judges for the eastern district of New York;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/22" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="22">(22) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the middle district of North Carolina;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/23" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="23">(23) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the southern district of Ohio;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/24" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="24">(24) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the northern district of Oklahoma;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/25" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="25">(25) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the western district of Oklahoma;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/26" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="26">(26) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the district of Oregon;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/27" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="27">(27) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">3 additional district judges for the eastern district of Pennsylvania;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/28" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="28">(28) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the middle district of Pennsylvania;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/29" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="29">(29) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the district of South Carolina;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/30" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="30">(30) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the eastern district of Tennessee;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/31" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="31">(31) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the western district of Tennessee;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/32" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="32">(32) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the middle district of Tennessee;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/33" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="33">(33) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">2 additional district judges for the northern district of Texas;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/34" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="34">(34) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the eastern district of Texas;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/35" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="35">(35) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">5 additional district judges for the southern district of Texas;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/36" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="36">(36) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">3 additional district judges for the western district of Texas;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/37" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="37">(37) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the district of Utah;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/38" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="38">(38) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the eastern district of Washington;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/39" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="39">(39) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the northern district of West Virginia;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/40" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="40">(40) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the southern district of West Virginia; and</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/a/41" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="41">(41) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the district of Wyoming.</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/b" style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="b">(b) </num><editorialNote role="uscRef" style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t28/s133">28 U.S.C. 133 note</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Existing Judgeships.—</heading><paragraph class="inline" identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/b/1" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The existing district judgeships for the western district of Arkansas, the northern district of Illinois, the northern district of Indiana, the district of Massachusetts, the western district of New York, the eastern district of North Carolina, the northern district of Ohio, and the western district of Washington authorized by section 202(b) of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984 (Public Law 98–353, 98 Stat. 347–348) shall, as of the effective date of this title, be authorized under section 133 of title 28, United States Code, and the incumbents in those offices shall hold the office under section 133 of title 28, United States Code, as amended by this title.</content></paragraph>
<paragraph class="leftIndentDecrease1" identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/b/2" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2)</num><subparagraph class="inline" identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/b/2/A" style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" styleType="OLC"><num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="A">(A) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The existing 2 district judgeships for the eastern and western districts of Arkansas (provided by section 133 of title 28, United States Code, as in effect on the day before the effective date of this title) shall be district judgeships for the eastern district of Arkansas only, and the incumbents of such judgeships shall hold the offices under section 133 of title 28, United States Code, as amended by this title.</content></subparagraph>
<subparagraph class="leftIndentDecrease2" identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/b/2/B" style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="B">(B) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The existing district judgeship for the northern and southern districts of Iowa (provided by section 133 of title 28, United States Code, as in effect on the day before the effective date of this title) shall be a district judgeship for the northern district of Iowa only, and the incumbent of such judgeship shall hold the office under section 133 of title 28, United States Code, as amended by this title.</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph class="leftIndentDecrease2" identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/b/2/C" style="-uslm-dtd:subparagraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="C">(C) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">The existing district judgeship for the northern, eastern, and western districts of Oklahoma (provided by section 133 of title 28, United States Code, as in effect on the day before the effective date of this title) and the occupant of which has his or her official duty station at Oklahoma City on the date of the enactment of this title, shall be a district judgeship for the western district of Oklahoma only, and the incumbent of such judgeship shall hold the office under section 133 of title 28, United States Code, as amended by this title.</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/c" style="-uslm-dtd:subsection" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="c">(c) </num><editorialNote role="uscRef" style="-uslm-dtd:usc-reference"><b>[</b><ref href="/us/usc/t28/s133">28 U.S.C. 133 note</ref><b>]</b> </editorialNote><heading style="-uslm-dtd:header">Temporary Judgeships.—</heading><chapeau style="-uslm-dtd:text">The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate—</chapeau>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/c/1" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="1">(1) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the eastern district of California;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/c/2" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="2">(2) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the district of Hawaii;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/c/3" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="3">(3) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the central district of Illinois;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/c/4" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="4">(4) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the southern district of Illinois;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/c/5" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="5">(5) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the district of Kansas;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/c/6" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="6">(6) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the western district of Michigan;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/c/7" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="7">(7) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the eastern district of Missouri;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/c/8" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="8">(8) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the district of Nebraska;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/c/9" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="9">(9) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the northern district of New York;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/c/10" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="10">(10) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the northern district of Ohio;</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/c/11" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="11">(11) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the eastern district of Pennsylvania; and</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph identifier="/us/sComp/101/650/tII/s203/c/12" style="-uslm-dtd:paragraph" styleType="OLC">
<num style="-uslm-dtd:enum" value="12">(12) </num><content style="-uslm-dtd:text">1 additional district judge for the eastern district of Virginia.</content>
</paragraph><continuation role="subsection" style="-uslm-dtd:continuation-text">Except with respect to the district of Kansas, the western district of Michigan, the eastern district of Pennsylvania, the district of Hawaii, and the northern district of Ohio, the first vacancy in the office of district judge in each of the judicial districts named in this subsection, occurring 10 years or more after the confirmation date of the judge named to fill the temporary judgeship created by this subsection, shall not be filled. The first vacancy in the office of district judge in the district of Kansas occurring 33 years and 6 months or more after the confirmation date of the judge named to fill the temporary judgeship created for such district under this subsection, shall not be filled. The first vacancy in the office of district judge in the western district of Michigan, occurring after December 1, 1995, shall not be filled. The first vacancy in the office of district judge in the eastern district of Pennsylvania, occurring 5 years or more after the confirmation date of the judge named to fill the temporary judgeship created for such district under this subsection, shall not be filled. The first vacancy in the office of district judge in the northern district of Ohio occurring 19 years or more after the confirmation date of the judge named to fill the temporary judgeship created under this subsection shall not be filled. The first vacancy in the office of the district judge in the district of Hawaii occurring 30 years and 6 months or more after the confirmation date of the judge named to fill the temporary judgeship created under this subsection shall not be filled. For districts named in this subsection for which multiple judgeships are created by this Act, the last of those judgeships filled shall be the judgeships created under this section.</continuation>
<elided style="-uslm-dtd:omitted-text">* * * * * * *</elided>
</subsection>
</section>