    [Senate Hearing 119-437]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]

                                                            S. Hrg. 119-437

                          NOMINATIONS TO THE MARITIME
                      ADMINISTRATION, THE FEDERAL MARITIME
                      COMMISSION AND THE NATIONAL OCEANIC
                         AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

    =======================================================================

                                    HEARING

                                   before the

                             COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE,
                          SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION
                              UNITED STATES SENATE

                        ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                                 FIRST SESSION

                                   __________

                                OCTOBER 22, 2025

                                   __________

        Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation

                       [GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                    Available online: http://www.govinfo.gov

                                  ______

                     U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE

    63-981 PDF                WASHINGTON : 2026

           SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION

                        ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                                 FIRST SESSION

                           TED CRUZ, Texas, Chairman

    JOHN THUNE, South Dakota             MARIA CANTWELL, Washington,
    ROGER WICKER, Mississippi                Ranking
    DEB FISCHER, Nebraska                AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota
    JERRY MORAN, Kansas                  BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii
    DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska                 EDWARD MARKEY, Massachusetts
    MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee          GARY PETERS, Michigan
    TODD YOUNG, Indiana                  TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin
    TED BUDD, North Carolina             TAMMY DUCKWORTH, Illinois
    ERIC SCHMITT, Missouri               JACKY ROSEN, Nevada
    JOHN CURTIS, Utah                    BEN RAY LUJAN, New Mexico
    BERNIE MORENO, Ohio                  JOHN HICKENLOOPER, Colorado
    TIM SHEEHY, Montana                  JOHN FETTERMAN, Pennsylvania
    SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West Virginia  ANDY KIM, New Jersey
    CYNTHIA LUMMIS, Wyoming              LISA BLUNT ROCHESTER, Delaware

                     Brad Grantz, Republican Staff Director
               Nicole Christus, Republican Deputy Staff Director
                       Lila Harper Helms, Staff Director
                     Melissa Porter, Deputy Staff Director

                                C O N T E N T S

                                  ----------
                                                                       Page
    Hearing held on October 22, 2025.................................     1
    Statement of Senator Cruz........................................     1
    Statement of Senator Cantwell....................................     2
    Statement of Senator Fischer.....................................    82
    Statement of Senator Moreno......................................    83
    Statement of Senator Rosen.......................................    85
    Statement of Senator Young.......................................    87
    Statement of Senator Klobuchar...................................    89
    Statement of Senator Sullivan....................................    91
    Statement of Senator Peters......................................    93
    Statement of Senator Markey......................................    95
        Letter dated October 20, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Greg Morrison, Executive Vice President,
          National Water Resources Association.......................    99
        Letter dated October 6, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Jimi Netniss, General Manager, Modesto
          Irrigation District and Brad Koehn, General Manager,
          Turlock Irrigation District................................    99
        Letter dated dated October 9, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.
          Maria Cantwell from Zippy Duvall, President, American Farm
          Bureau Federation..........................................   100
        Letter dated October 20, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Federico Barajas, Executive Director, San
          Luis & Delta-Mendota Water Authority.......................   101
        Letter dated October 21, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Mark Yacucci, President, National States
          Geographic Information Council (NSGIC).....................   102
        Letter dated October 20, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Ian Lyle, Director of Federal Relations,
          Association of California Water Agencies...................   103
        Letter dated October 20, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from John Copple, Owner and Chief Executive
          Officer, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc......................   104
        Letter dated September 22, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.
          Maria Cantwell from Paul Arrington, Executive Director and
          General Counsel, Idaho Water Users Association (IWUA)......   105
        Letter to Senators from Cary S. Davis, President and CEO,
          American Association of Port Authorities...................   106
        Letter dated September 17, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.
          Maria Cantwell from Adam Vokac, President, Marine
          Engineers' Beneficial Association..........................   106
        Letter dated September 9, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz from Captain
          Sam Stephenson, J.D., President Emeritus, Florida Harbor
          Pilots Association.........................................   107
        Letter dated August 17, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Marco Poisler, UTC Overseas COO--Global
          Energy & Capital Projects, UTC Overseas, Inc...............   108
        Letter dated September 9, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.
          Maria Cantwell from William P. Doyle, Chief Executive
          Officer, Dredging Contractors of America...................   109
        Letter dated September 19, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.
          Maria Cantwell from Joseph Edward Farrell III, Chief
          Executive Officer, Resolve Marine..........................   109
        Letter dated August 14, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Jesus Mejias, President, ECMC................   110
        Letter dated October 7, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Representative Mary Dye, Washington State
          House of Representatives, 9th Legislative District.........   111

                                   Witnesses

    Hon. Mark Kelly, U.S. Senator from Arizona.......................     4
    Hon. James Risch, U.S. Senator from Idaho........................     5
    Stephen M. Carmel, Nominee to be Administrator, Maritime
      Administration.................................................     7
        Prepared statement...........................................     8
        Biographical information.....................................     9
    Laura DiBella, Nominee to be a Commissioner, Federal Maritime
      Commission.....................................................    30
        Prepared statement...........................................    31
        Biographical information.....................................    33
    Robert Harvey, Nominee to be a Commissioner, Federal Maritime
      Commission.....................................................    46
        Prepared statement...........................................    48
        Biographical information.....................................    49
    Timothy Petty, Nominee to be Assistant Secretary of Commerce for
      Oceans and Atmosphere, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
      Administration.................................................    62
        Prepared statement...........................................    63
        Biographical information.....................................    64

                                    Appendix

    Response to written questions submitted to Stephen M. Carmel by:
        Hon. Ted Cruz................................................   113
        Hon. Roger Wicker............................................   114
        Hon. Dan Sullivan............................................   115
        Hon. Maria Cantwell..........................................   116
        Hon. Edward Markey...........................................   120
        Hon. Tammy Baldwin...........................................   120
        Hon. Tammy Duckworth.........................................   121
    Response to written question submitted to Laura DiBella by:
        Hon. Dan Sullivan............................................   123
        Hon. Marsha Blackburn........................................   125
        Hon. Ted Budd................................................   125
        Hon. Maria Cantwell..........................................   125
        Hon. Tammy Duckworth.........................................   127
    Response to written questions submitted to Robert Harvey by:
        Hon. Marsha Blackburn........................................   127
        Hon. Ted Budd................................................   127
        Hon. Maria Cantwell..........................................   127
        Hon. Tammy Duckworth.........................................   129
    Response to written questions submitted to Timothy Petty by:
        Hon. Roger Wicker............................................   129
        Hon. Dan Sullivan............................................   130
        Hon. Marsha Blackburn........................................   133
        Hon. Maria Cantwell..........................................   134
        Hon. Edward Markey...........................................   137
        Hon. Tammy Duckworth.........................................   138
        Hon. John Hickenlooper.......................................   138

                          NOMINATIONS TO THE MARITIME
                      ADMINISTRATION, THE FEDERAL MARITIME
                      COMMISSION AND THE NATIONAL OCEANIC
                         AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

                                  ----------

                          WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 22, 2025

                                           U.S. Senate,
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
                                                        Washington, DC.
        The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:30 a.m., in
    room SR-253, Russell Senate Office Building, Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman of the Committee, presiding.
        Present: Senators Cruz, Wicker, Fischer, Sullivan, Young,
    Moreno, Sheehy, Cantwell, Klobuchar, Markey, Peters, Rosen, and
    Fetterman.

                  OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. TED CRUZ,
                        U.S. SENATOR FROM TEXAS

        Chairman Cruz. Good morning. The Senate Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation will come to order. I
    want to welcome two of our colleagues, Senator Risch, Senator
    Kelly. We are glad to have you both joining us in this
    Committee, at least for a few moments at the opening.
        Today, we will be hearing from four nominees: Stephen
    Carmel, nominee for Administrator of the U.S. Maritime
    Administration; Laura DiBella and Robert Harvey, nominees for
    Commissioners of the Federal Maritime Commission; and Timothy
    Petty, nominee for Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans
    and Atmosphere and Deputy Administrator of the National Oceanic
    and Atmospheric Administration. Congratulations to each of you.
        Let's begin with Mr. Petty, who would serve as Deputy
    Administrator of NOAA. A geoscientist and an engineer, Mr.
    Petty has spent more than two decades on Capitol Hill, where he
    is currently a Senior Professional Staff Member for the House
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. During the
    first Trump administration, Mr. Petty served as Assistant
    Secretary for Water and Science in the Department of the
    Interior. As second-in-command at NOAA, he will draw on his
    policy expertise to manage U.S. fisheries programs and to
    protect coastal and ocean resources.
        Next are the two Republican nominees for the Federal
    Maritime Commission, Laura DiBella and Robert Harvey. Ms.
    DiBella previously served as Port Director of the Port of
    Fernandina, Executive Director of the Florida Harbor Pilots
    Association, and head of Florida's state-level economic
    development organization. Mr. Harvey is an attorney with 30-
    plus years navigating complex regulatory schemes and promoting
    economic development. A former U.S. Navy JAG officer, he
    currently leads two public economic development corporations in
    Florida.
        Finally, Stephen Carmel, who will draw on decades of
    experience to advise the Secretary of Transportation on Federal
    maritime policy as Administrator of the Maritime
    Administration. A graduate of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy,
    Mr. Carmel served on U.S. vessels as a deck officer and
    shipmaster before joining Maersk Line, Limited, the largest
    operator of U.S. flagged ships. He is well versed in maritime
    operations and security, having sat on the Board of Advisors
    for the Merchant Marine Academy and the Chief of Naval
    Operations Executive Panel. Mr. Carmel will support Secretary
    Duffy's efforts to fortify U.S. maritime security,
    shipbuilding, and infrastructure.
        Like our nominee, I am concerned that China's maritime
    industrial base dwarfs our own. That is why I look forward to
    the Administration's forthcoming Maritime Action Plan, which
    will address this geopolitical challenge. At the same time, I
    continue to believe we need a maritime strategy focused on
    attracting capital and removing regulatory barriers, not simply
    picking winners and losers. American shipyards can compete
    globally without heavy-handed protectionism, but only if they
    lean into nascent industries like seabed mining and nuclear-
    powered shipping, not those where we are at a distinct
    comparative disadvantage.
        Thank you to our nominees for joining us today. I am eager
    to hear how each of you will approach Federal maritime policy.
        And with that I recognize Ranking Member Cantwell for her
    opening remarks.

                   STATEMENT OF HON. MARIA CANTWELL,
                      U.S. SENATOR FROM WASHINGTON

        Senator Cantwell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Carmel, Ms.
    DiBella, Mr. Harvey, Mr. Petty, congratulations on your
    nominations, and it is good to see our two colleagues here,
    Senator Risch and Senator Kelly. I certainly have enjoyed
    working with Dr. Petty and Senator Risch on the Columbia River
    Treaty for many years. I know firsthand of his legislative
    skill set, so congratulations on this nomination.
        Today, we want to discuss the concrete steps our Nation is
    taking to invest in our shipyards, our ports, our workforce in
    the efforts to build larger ships in the United States. These
    investments are not just important international trade issues
    for the United States. These are the kinds of investments that
    are needed to build our future maritime workforce, our economy,
    and support our national defense.
        The good news is there is strong bipartisan support on this
    Committee for American shipbuilding, but we need to ensure that
    these investments we authorize will be implemented by this
    Administration. I look forward to discussing with the nominees
    here how we can accomplish that.
        Mr. Carmel, I certainly enjoyed our conversation yesterday.
    I truly believe that you have a vision for what needs to
    happen, and I appreciate that. You are nominated to be the
    Administrator of the U.S. Maritime Administration, the agency
    responsible for fostering, promoting, and developing the U.S.
    maritime industry. And you clearly have relevant experience,
    just starting at the Merchant Marine Academy and continuing as
    a Deck Officer Master on U.S.-flagged vessels, and your senior
    positions at Maersk. So, I certainly believe you have a keen
    view of what needs to be done.
        I believe this experience will serve you well, and I know
    that you have expressed concerns about the deterioration of the
    U.S. maritime, as you call it, ``ecosystem.'' I share that
    word. It is an ecosystem. And just like other ecosystems we
    have had to invest in, I look forward to asking you questions
    about how critical that is for supply chain issues for the
    United States of America, when supply chain issues have become
    a dominant issue. COVID proved that to us, and now we have to
    think about it and how it relates to very strategic assets and
    resources. Senator Risch and I have been partners on a fusion
    strategy, and certainly fusion is one of those issues where the
    supply chain will be critical.
        Next, Ms. DiBella and Mr. Harvey, it is good to have you
    here at the Committee and I see that we have two other Federal
    Maritime Commissioners here, so thank you guys--oh, three.
    Sorry. Sorry. Thank you for that. Thank you. This speaks to the
    Commission's important jurisdiction over ports and
    international ocean shipping, and charged with the protection
    and interests of U.S. shipping and regulating licenses.
        The FMC, while not a household word, it is certainly
    playing a pivotal role for us, as again we saw during COVID.
    Importantly, Congress created the Federal Maritime Commission,
    and I expect Commissioners to maintain this independence. That
    is to say despite various administrations' efforts to undermine
    the agency, we want it to continue to remain strong.
        Ms. DiBella, your service as the first female Secretary of
    Commerce for the State of Florida, and your tenure as Executive
    Director of the Florida Harbor Pilots Association certainly
    come with some very relevant experience, and I appreciate that.
        Mr. Harvey, I have not had a chance to visit with you, so I
    look forward to hearing more about your Navy JAG experience,
    and I hope you will address your view about the Federal FMC
    this morning and what you think needs to happen.
        What I would say to you is that we need to continue to be
    proactive, that as a more global economy and economic
    opportunities are outside the United States, and so much of the
    concentration is with foreign carriers--now we are going to
    lean on Mr. Carmel, to help change that--but in the meantime,
    how do we make sure that there are fair policies and that the
    Commission is doing its job in protecting consumers? We do not
    want U.S. shippers' product left on docks, we do not want
    unfair practices, and we certainly do not want unfair rates.
        Finally, Mr. Petty, as I already mentioned, I am happy to
    have worked with you in the past on this important issue of the
    Columbia River Treaty. Congratulations on the nomination to the
    NOAA Assistant Secretary for Commerce. If confirmed, you will
    be responsible for fisheries, habitat, climate resilience, and
    many other issues, and I believe that your experience up here
    on the Hill will serve you well.
        I hope to hear from you how you will succeed in this
    environment, especially when it comes to the essential work
    that NOAA does supporting healthy fisheries, the 2.3 million
    jobs that depend on a seafood industry, and the important
    issues of stock assessment? I think this Committee has been
    very, very loud and clear about the importance of stock
    assessments. You cannot catch fish if you have not done the
    stock assessment, and we need the fisheries to continue to
    work.
        This requires providing NOAA with expertise and resources,
    and NOAA has lifted the hiring freeze for some weather
    personnel, but what about fisheries personnel? We need to get
    the stock assessments done; we need the personnel to do them.
    So I know my colleague, Senator Sullivan, when he is here, will
    agree with this.
        When it comes to protecting our coastal economies,
    scientists are not optional. Let's not forget, the President
    proposed a 27 percent cut to NOAA's budget, and the agency has
    lost at least 576 fisheries staffers, nearly one in five under
    this Administration. So I am very, very concerned about that.
        They are seeing real impacts from this. For instance, a
    number of our stock assessments in New England have been
    canceled this year. A 60-day regulatory freeze led to the
    overfishing of the Atlantic bluefin tuna off North Carolina,
    and in my state, salmon are incredibly important economically
    and culturally, and so we depend on NOAA for this long-term
    sustainability. I look forward to asking you questions about
    that and what you can do to help correct these issues at the
    department.
        Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I again look forward to the
    testimony of all the witnesses, and of course, our colleagues
    who are here to sing praises on them. Thank you.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you, Senator Cantwell. I will now turn
    to our colleague from the great state of Arizona, Senator
    Kelly, to introduce Mr. Carmel. Senator Kelly, welcome back to
    the Commerce Committee.

                     STATEMENT OF HON. MARK KELLY,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM ARIZONA

        Senator Kelly. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Chairman Cruz,
    Ranking Member Cantwell, and members of the Committee, thank
    you for the opportunity to speak today on the nomination of
    Steve Carmel to serve as the Administrator of the Maritime
    Administration.
        As I know this Committee is painfully aware, the U.S.
    maritime industry needs a lot of help. Right now, the U.S.
    Federal Government, mostly through the Navy and Coast Guard, is
    the primary customer of large--and in the case of the Coast
    Guard, not so large--ocean-going vessels built in U.S.
    shipyards. And there are only about 80 ships, out of more than
    50,000 globally, that fly the U.S. flag in international
    commerce. By contrast, China has 5,500 ocean-going merchant
    vessels that operate under the Chinese flag. Three in every
    four commercial ships built in the next decade will be built in
    a Chinese shipyard if we do not do something about it. For
    decades, both political parties have made the failed assumption
    that we could build our way out of this deficit by just giving
    the Navy and Coast Guard additional funding year to year, and
    not by actually rethinking how we make the commercial maritime
    industry commercially viable in the United States.
        We need to do both. We need policy solutions that include
    the private sector, and that is why I am here to support Steve
    Carmel's nomination for Maritime Administrator.
        Unlike his immediate predecessors in this job, Steve will
    bring four decades of experience working in the commercial
    maritime industry. Steve and I both attended the U.S. Merchant
    Marine Academy, not at the same time, but we were also both in
    6th Company. After graduating, Steve served aboard U.S.-flagged
    merchant vessels as a deck officer and a master for the
    Maritime Overseas Corporation and Military Sealift Command. He
    became a master, which is the captain of the ship, at just 26
    years old. For those who don't know the industry well, that is
    incredibly fast. He is a talented guy.
        After a decade at sea he transitioned to work ashore for
    Maersk Line, Limited and U.S. Marine Management. At a time when
    we are facing a shortage of qualified mariners, Steve brings
    firsthand knowledge of what it is like to work at sea. He would
    be the first Administrator in 20 years to hold an Unlimited
    Master's License.
        At a time when we need to incentivize ship owners from
    around the world to invest in the U.S.-flagged fleet and U.S.
    shipyards, Steve will bring a private sector perspective to our
    efforts to rebuild the U.S. maritime industry. Steve
    understands we need to reform how dated regulations and find
    innovative strategies to put more cargo on U.S. flagged
    vessels.
        At a time when there is bipartisan momentum to rebuild
    America'a maritime industry, as indicated by both the SHIPS for
    America Act and President Trump's Executive Order on Maritime
    Dominance, we need leaders at MARAD who can hit the ground
    running on day one. And I believe Steve Carmel is the right
    leader for this moment, and can do that. I know that he will
    demonstrate his thoughtfulness and depth of knowledge of the
    industry at today's hearing, and I hope his nomination will be
    quickly advanced. We need him in this job.
        The motto at King's Point, our alma mater, is ``Acta Non
    Verba--Deeds, Not Words.'' Steve is a leader of action, and it
    is my pleasure to introduce him to the Committee today. Thank
    you.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you, Senator Kelly, and I appreciate
    you bringing a little bit of Latin into this hearing. That is
    the level of erudition we try to avoid in the Senate Commerce
    Committee.
        I now welcome our colleague from the great state of Idaho,
    Senator Risch, to introduce Dr. Petty. Senator Risch, welcome
    to the Commerce Committee.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. JAMES RISCH,
                        U.S. SENATOR FROM IDAHO

        Senator Risch. Well, thank you, Chairman Cruz and Ranking
    Member Cantwell. Thank you so much for allowing me to speak
    here today. It is a real honor and privilege, personally, to
    introduce Dr. Tim Petty, who has been nominated to be Assistant
    Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.
        Tim was an integral part and member of my staff for many
    years and continues to be a trusted friend, and in addition to
    that, he comes in from time to time and keeps me up-to-date on
    things that are happening that are in his lane, and I truly
    appreciate that.
        Tim brings a deep and informed understanding of the complex
    intersection between water policy and scientific research
    through a rare combination of technical expertise and
    legislative experience in both houses. Tim's experiences as a
    senior legislative staff in both chambers give him holistic
    understanding of various water and natural resource challenges
    and a long history of working with his colleagues on a
    bipartisan basis to solve problems.
        He has also served under both President Bush and President
    Trump at the Department of the Interior, including serving as
    President Trump's first term as the Assistant Secretary for
    Water and Science, a post he was confirmed by the Senate
    unanimously to. In his role, he oversaw the USGS and the Bureau
    of Reclamation, solving Western water issues and collaborating
    on an interagency basis with the U.S. Army Corps and NOAA.
        Particularly close to home for Ranking Member Cantwell and
    I both, Tim has specific experience working in the Columbia
    River basin. We have an issue there right now that is
    incredibly important to both Senator Cantwell and I and our
    constituents in the region. And as I said, it is bipartisan,
    and it is incredibly important. In his last stint at the
    agency, he represented Interior as part of the United States
    negotiating entity for the Columbia River Treaty, and worked
    with Senator Cantwell and I both as we represented the
    Northwest in the Senate through treaty negotiations.
        These have been long--dare I say, Senator Cantwell?--and
    difficult and complex. I think we are actually seeing some
    light at the end of the tunnel. There is starting to be some
    movement. And Senator Cantwell and I have worked on this for
    years and years. We have been ably guided by Tim, who has
    helped us through this very complex web of negotiations.
        In addition to his extraordinary qualifications, what
    cannot be overstated is his character. Tim is a true public
    servant, and has answered the call time and again to give his
    time and talent to the American people. Having worked closely
    with Tim since I came to the Senate I can confidently say he
    brings thoughtful, measured judgment to every issue he
    encounters, treats others with respect, and approaches
    leadership roles with humility.
        Tim has built a distinguished career in public service, and
    is exceptionally well-prepared to serve as the Assistant
    Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere. His expertise
    and experience will be an incredible asset to the Department of
    Commerce and to our country.
        Again, Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, thank you
    for the Committee's consideration and considering Tim Petty's
    nomination. Thank you so much.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you, Senator Risch, and I certainly
    appreciated the movie reference to ``A Few Good Men,'' as you
    looked up like Jack Nicholson and said, ``What kind of shoddy
    operation are you running here,'' with microphones that don't
    operate.
        Senator Risch. I was more diplomatic than that.
        Chairman Cruz. You know, we can't handle the truth. I will
    say four staffers have lost their job already in the time since
    you said that.
        I now recognize Mr. Carmel for his opening statement.

       STATEMENT OF STEPHEN CARMEL, NOMINEE TO BE ADMINISTRATOR,
                        MARITIME ADMINISTRATION

        Mr. Carmel. Thank you, and thank you to Senator Kelly for
    the kind introduction. Good morning, Chairman Cruz, Ranking
    Member Cantwell, and members of the Committee. Thank you for
    allowing me to be here today. I am honored to appear before you
    as the nominee for the position of Maritime Administrator.
    Please permit me to introduce my wife, Alison, a Navy veteran
    from a long line of Coast Guard officers, and our sons, John
    and Greg, who are here with me today.
        I graduated from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, Class of
    1979, and went to sea immediately thereafter. I sailed
    steadily, earned my Master's license, and commanded ships that
    sailed every corner of the world. My time at sea was marked by
    many more highlights than I could recount here, but perhaps the
    most meaningful was my service in the Arctic, an experience
    that sparked a lifelong fascination with that region and
    inspired much of my later academic work.
        After coming ashore, I held a variety of executive
    positions with Maersk Line, Limited, the U.S.-flag subsidiary
    of one of the world's largest shipping companies, and later
    became President of U.S. Marine Management, my current
    position, following our acquisition by Maritime Partners, the
    leading Jones Act provider of vessel leasing and construction
    financing. I also returned to graduate school and collected a
    few extra initials along the way.
        Throughout my shoreside career, I and my colleagues have
    faced many challenges, ranging from two Middle East wars to the
    complex logistics of supporting operations in Afghanistan;
    revolts in Angola and inland grain movements in Russia; piracy
    off Somalia's coast; and even an earthquake and nuclear
    disaster in Japan. Those experiences taught me many things, but
    two lessons stand out. First, maritime strength depends on
    people, and it must be built long before a crisis occurs. And
    leadership is about execution, accountability, and partnership.
        I have been fortunate to work, both at sea and ashore,
    alongside some of the finest men and women this country has to
    offer, and I am very proud of all that we accomplished
    together. But now, if given the honor of a confirmation, it is
    time to take up a new challenge.
        We are a formidable naval power, but we are not a true
    maritime power. For more than 150 years, we have searched for a
    maritime policy that works, even as our industrial capacity has
    declined to a point of near irrelevance, both in our ability to
    carry our own commerce and the ability to build the ships that
    do it. We have outsourced those capabilities and we have
    sacrificed much of our independence in the process.
        A strong maritime sector is not nostalgia. It is strategy.
    It means resilient supply chains we control, credible logistics
    for our joint forces, good jobs across our coasts, rivers, and
    Great Lakes, and the freedom to move what America needs, when
    and where America needs it, under our own flag.
        We have done hard things before. With this Committee's
    guidance, and in partnership with labor and industry, we can do
    them again. We will not be the generation that stood on the
    sidelines and passively watched our noble industry die. We will
    be the generation that rebuilds it--stronger, smarter, and
    ready to answer the call.
        If confirmed, I will work in a spirit of partnership to
    meet our challenges, and overcome them, uphold the traditions
    of my alma mater, and live by its motto, at the risk of Senator
    Kelly's repeating them: Acta Non verba--deeds, not words.
        Thank you, and I stand by for your questions.
        [The prepared statement and biographical information of Mr.
    Carmel follow:]

     Prepared Statement of Stephen M. Carmel, Nominee to be Administrator,
                            Maritime Administration
        Good morning, Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and Members
    of the Committee. Thank you for allowing me to be here today. I am
    honored to appear before you as the nominee for the position of
    Maritime Administrator. Please permit me to introduce my wife, Alison--
    a Navy Veteran from a long line of Coast Guard officers--and our sons,
    John and Greg, who are here with me today.
        I graduated from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, Class of 1979,
    and went to sea immediately thereafter. I sailed steadily, earned my
    Master's license, and commanded ships that traveled to every corner of
    the world. My time at sea was marked by more highlights than I could
    recount here, but perhaps the most meaningful was my service in the
    Arctic--an experience that sparked a lifelong fascination with that
    region and inspired much of my later academic work.
        After coming ashore, I held a variety of executive positions with
    Maersk Line, Limited--the U.S.-flag subsidiary of one of the world's
    largest shipping companies--and later became President of U.S. Marine
    Management, my current position, following our acquisition by Maritime
    Partners, the leading Jones Act provider of vessel leasing and
    construction financing.
        I also returned to graduate school and collected a few extra
    initials behind my name. Throughout my shoreside career, my colleagues
    and I faced challenges ranging from two Middle East wars to the complex
    logistics of supporting operations in Afghanistan; revolts in Angola
    and inland grain movements in Russia; piracy off Somalia's coast; and
    even an earthquake and nuclear disaster in Japan.
        Those experiences taught me many things, but two lessons stand out.
    First, maritime strength depends on people--and it must be built long
    before a crisis occurs. Second, leadership is about execution,
    accountability, and partnership.
        I have been fortunate to work, both at sea and ashore, alongside
    some of the finest men and women this country has to offer, and I am
    proud of all that we accomplished together.
        Now, if given the honor of confirmation, it is time to take up a
    new challenge.
        We are a formidable naval power, but we are not yet a true maritime
    power. For more than 150 years, we have searched for a maritime policy
    that works, even as our industrial capacity has steadily declined--both
    in our ability to carry our own commerce and to build the ships that do
    it. We have outsourced those capabilities and, with that, much of our
    independence.
        A strong maritime sector is not nostalgia--it's strategy. It means
    resilient supply chains we control; credible logistics for our joint
    forces; good jobs across our coasts, rivers, and Great Lakes; and the
    freedom to move what America needs, when and where America needs it--
    under our own flag.
        We have done hard things before. With this Committee's guidance,
    and in partnership with labor and industry, we can do them again. We
    will not be the generation that stood on the sidelines and passively
    watched our noble industry die. We will be the generation that rebuilt
    it--stronger, smarter, faster, and ready.
        If confirmed, I will work in a spirit of partnership to meet our
    challenges, uphold the traditions of my alma mater, and live by its
    motto: Acta non verba--deeds, not words.
        Thank you, and I stand ready for your questions.
                                     ______

                          a. biographical information
        1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): Stephen
    Michael Carmel.
        2. Position to which nominated: Administrator, U.S. Maritime
    Administration.
        3. Date of Nomination: May 6, 2025.
        4. Address (List current place of residence and office addresses):

            Residence: Information not released to the public.
            Office: Information not provided.

        5. Date and Place of Birth: Washington, DC.
        6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your
    spouse (if married) or domestic partner, and the names and ages of your
    children (including stepchildren and children by a previous marriage).

            Wife: Alison Parker. Program Manager. On administrative/
            terminal leave from Military Sealift Command, U.S. Navy pending
            retirement 31 Dec, 2025 (took the Federal buy-out program)

            Children: John A. Carmel (24 years old); Stepchildren from
            Alison Parker: Gregory E Cyrus (42 years old), Ashley M Cyrus
            (46 years old); Stepchild from Maria E. Carmel (died from
            cancer in 1997); Stephanie Hemingson-Carmel (approximate age 49
            years old) (Lost touch with her when her mother died).

        7. List all college and graduate schools attended, whether or not
    you were granted a degree by the institution. Provide the name of the
    institution, the dates attended, the degree received, and the date of
    the degree.

            B.S., Marine Transportation, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy
            (1975-1979)

            M.B.A., Old Dominion University (1991-1993)

            M.A., Economics, Old Dominion University (1994-1996)

            Ph.D., International Studies, Old Dominion University (2010-
            2018)

                    All But Dissertation (ABD): Completed course work/
                    comprehensives but not dissertation.

            Advanced Management Program Certificate Program, Ross School of
            Business, University of Michigan (2011)

        8. List all post-undergraduate employment, including the job title,
    name of employer, and inclusive dates of employment, and highlight all
    management-level jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to
    the position for which you are nominated.

            President, U.S. Marine Management (spin off From Maersk) (1993-
            Present).
            Various positions, Maersk Line Limited:
                    Member, Board of Directors (1997-2005)
                    Senior Vice President (1997-2023)

            Various positions, U.S. Marine Management (subsidiary of
            Maersk):
                    Vice President of Finance (1995-1997)
                    Program Manager (1989-1995)
                    Ships officer/Master: Maritime Overseas Corp, Military
                    Sealift Command (1979-1989)

        Note: every position listed is managerial.
        9. Attach a copy of your resume. Attached.
        10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time
    service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other
    than those listed above after 18 years of age.

            Board of Visitors, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy--Served as an
            appointee of President Trump during his first term (2018-2021)

            Naval Studies Board, National Academies of Science (Term ended
            in 2021)

            Chief of Naval Operations Executive Panel (2006-2016)

            Marine Board, National Academies of Science (Term ended in
            2014)

            Hydrographic Services Review Board, NOAA (Term ended in 2014)

            Senior Fellow, George Washington University Homeland Security
            Policy Institute (2009)

            Adjunct Professor of Economics, Old Dominion University (early
            2000s time frame).

        11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee,
    partner, proprietor, agent, representative, or consultant of any
    corporation, company, firm, partnership, or other business, enterprise,
    educational, or other institution.

            Board of Directors, Hampton Roads World Affairs Council (2020-
            2025)

            Board of Directors, Maersk Line Limited (1997-2005)

            Trustee, Old Dominion University Research Foundation
            (Approximate dates: 2010-2013)

        12. List all memberships you have had after 18 years of age or
    currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational,
    political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religiously
    affiliated organization, private club, or other membership organization
    (You do not have to list your religious affiliation or membership in a
    religious house of worship or institution). Include dates of membership
    and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note
    whether any such club or organization restricts membership on the basis
    of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.
        I have never belonged to any organization, including the below
    listed, that restricts membership on the basis of sex, race, color,
    religion, national origin, age, or disability.

        Current:

            American Bureau of Shipping

            World Affairs Council Hampton Roads Chapter (2020 to present)

            Royal United Services Institute (2022 to present)

            Chatham House (2022-present)

            International Institute for Strategic Studies (2022 to
            ppresent)

            U.S. Merchant Marine Academy Alumni (1979 to present)

        Past:

            International Studies Association (2010-2018) (approx.)

            American Economic Association (1994-2000) (approx.)

            Institute of Management Accountants (1992-1996) (approx.)

        13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office
    (elected, non-elected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any
    campaign has any outstanding debt, the amount, and whether you are
    personally liable for that debt. No.
        14. List all memberships and offices held with and services
    rendered to, whether compensated or not, any political party or
    election committee within the past ten years. If you have held a paid
    position or served in a formal or official advisory position (whether
    compensated or not) in a political campaign within the past ten years,
    identify the particulars of the campaign, including the candidate, year
    of the campaign, and your title and responsibilities. None.
        15. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign
    organization, political party, political action committee, or similar
    entity of $200 or more for the past ten years.

        Maersk Inc. Political Action Committee, 04/30/2015, $200

        During my tenure as an executive with Maersk Line Limited I
    contributed to the Maersk Political Action Committee fund as all senior
    executives did. I did not control or even input into how the PAC
    distributed the money
        16. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary
    society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition
    for outstanding service or achievements.

            Meritorious Public Service Medal, Awarded by CNO Richardson, 18
            Jan, 2017
            2009 George Washington University Homeland Security Policy
            Institute Senior Fellow

        17. List all books, articles, columns, letters to the editor,
    Internet blog postings, or other publications you have authored,
    individually or with others. Include a link to each publication when
    possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the
    publication when available.
        See Addendum.
        18. List all speeches, panel discussions, and presentations (e.g.,
    PowerPoint) that you have given on topics relevant to the position for
    which you have been nominated. Include a link to each publication when
    possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the
    speech or presentation when available.
        See Addendum provided via separate correspondence.
        19. List all public statements you have made during the past ten
    years, including statements in news articles and radio and podcasts and
    television appearances, which are on topics relevant to the position
    for which you have been nominated, including dates. Include a link to
    each statement when possible. If a link is not available, provide a
    digital copy of the statement when available.

            Endorsement supporting Ships for America Act, April 2025
            Quoted in Wall street Journal Article https://www.wsj.com/
            politics/ national-security/why-the-u-s-military-has-to-hitch-
            a-ride-on-commercial-ships-
            58d0ece9?st=1enwuZ&reflink=article_e-mail_share

        I know I was quoted in news articles about Maersk Line Limited
    business but do not have specific examples as it was just a routine
    part of business
        20. List all digital platforms (including social media and other
    digital content sites) on which you currently or have formerly operated
    an account, regardless of whether or not the account was held in your
    name or an alias. Include the full name of an ``alias'' or ``handle'',
    including the complete URL and username with hyperlinks, you have used
    on each of the named platforms. Indicate whether the account is active,
    deleted, or dormant. Include a link to each account if possible.

            Linked In--Stephen Carmel (Active)
            X (Twitter)--@StephenCar73193 (Active)

        21. Please identify each instance in which you have testified
    orally or in writing before Congress in a governmental or non-
    governmental capacity and specify the date, committee, and subject
    matter of each testimony.
        Testimony to Standing Senate Committee on Security and Defense,
    Canadian Parliament, 2007. The Testimony was as a subject matter expert
    on Arctic Shipping. Report below. Prepared comments included in the
    Speeches addendum. https://sencanada.ca/content/ sen/committee/403/
    defe/rep/rep07mar11-e.pdf
        22. Given the current mission, major programs, and major
    operational objectives of the department/agency/commission/corporation
    to which you have been nominated, what in your background or employment
    experience do you believe affirmatively qualifies you for appointment
    to the position for which you have been nominated, and why do you wish
    to serve in that position?
        I graduated from the Merchant Marine Academy in 1979 and have lived
    my entire professional life fulfilling the mission of the Academy. I
    have served as a deck officer and master primarily on tankers in
    international trade. I have served in a variety of positions in
    executive management for a major international shipping company. In
    those capacities, I have done everything contemplated in President
    Trump's Executive Order on Maritime Strategy and the related Ships for
    America Act. Therefore, I have deep knowledge of the U.S. maritime
    industry and the people that work in it. Concurrent with that, I have
    served in a variety of positions on Navy committees and organizations,
    hence developing a deep understanding of the relationship between the
    maritime industry and national and economic security. In those roles I
    have often conducted studies, participated in war games, and other
    exercises at both the classified and unclassified level, probing issues
    such as contested logistics. I have also developed expertise in Arctic
    security issues, particularly arctic shipping and its relation to
    national security. I have also developed an expertise in the
    international security aspects of globalization and globalized supply
    chains, topics on which I speak often and taught a seminar for the
    Advanced Maritime Operations Course for Naval Intelligence. My
    background positions me well to make an immediate impact on the mission
    of MARAD I believe firmly in our industry and this industry has
    provided me with great opportunity. I believe it is my obligation to
    serve if called to pay back for that opportunity. The industry is in
    desperate need of revitalization, now is the greatest potential for
    that to happen in generations and the opportunity may never come again.
    Those factors combined motivate me to want to serve in the capacity of
    Maritime Administrator, if confirmed, and make a positive contribution
    to our industry.
        23. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to
    ensure that the department/agency/commission/corporation has proper
    management and accounting controls, and what experience do you have in
    managing a large organization?
        I have extensive experience leading large organizations, sometimes
    through difficult transitions such as that facing the Maritime
    Administration now. During such times especially proper controls,
    transparency, and clear communication are essential to a successful
    outcome. The fundamentals of organizational change are-or should be-
    consistent whether in government or private industry, therefore my past
    experience in the industry will be directly applicable in successfully
    leading MARAD should I be confirmed. From my experience as a corporate
    executive, responsibility for proper management and accounting in the
    organizations for which I was responsible can be grouped into several
    overarching areas:

       Remember who I work for and my responsibilities to the
            owners and other stakeholders. Ensure the assets of the owners
            (including their reputation and the reputation of the firm) are
            preserved. Ensure responsibilities to employees and larger
            society are met.

       Establish the proper environment--Demonstrate ethical
            behavior, commitment to proper governance, and act with
            integrity. Ensure roles and responsibilities are clearly
            defined and accountability for decisions enforced. Establish an
            environment that promotes transparency and accountability.

       Design and implement proper internal controls including
            policies and procedures that are efficient, effective, and
            routinely tested or audited. Ensure auditors are properly
            supported in their role and ensure audit or other governance
            reports are received directly and unfiltered. Establish
            effective relationships with finance and internal control
            teams, including regular review of financial statements and
            ensure understanding of deviations from plan.

       Establish a strong internal and external communication
            routine with all stakeholders.

        Per my resume, I have had several executive leadership positions
    ashore with Maersk Line Limited (MLL)--the largest U.S. flag shipping
    company in the country (at the time about 60 ships), including approx.
    40 percent of the tonnage in the Maritime Security Program, including
    time on the Board of Directors, and a $1.5B company responsibly for
    several thousand staff including sea staff. I am presently President of
    a tanker company after spin off from MLL responsible for 6 ships and
    full P and L responsibility to the board and roughly 400 staff at sea
    and afloat.
        24. What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the
    department/agency/commission/corporation, and why?

      1.  The deterioration of the U.S. maritime industry in terms of U.S.
            flag shipping and commercial shipbuilding to the point they are
            now irrelevant as a factor in U.S. economic security and hence
            incapable of fulfilling any national security mission,
            including executing the complex logistics mission any conflict
            with China would require. In addition, the U.S. port system
            ranks poorly in international standings for port productivity.
            Lastly the U.S. internal waterway system is in desperate need
            to upgrade and repair, receiving a C-from the ASCE, and having
            a $7.5B backlog in needed repairs in 2025. The internal
            waterway system is essential to agricultural and manufacturing
            sectors in the Midwest and a significant failure could have
            grievous consequences for the national economy.

      2.  A serious shortage of maritime labor, both seagoing and for
            shipbuilding and repair. A revitalization of the U.S. maritime
            industry cannot happen without significant investment in
            skilled workforce development starting at the high school
            level. This also include ``fixing'' the U.S. Merchant Marine
            Academy, which is in dire need of investment and attention.

      3.  Lack of a coherent strategy that ties all elements of the
            maritime industry (the Blue Economy) together as a system,
            unambiguously and clearly ties the industry and solutions to
            its challenges to broader national and economic security plans,
            policies and objectives, and provides for specific actionable
            programs to remedy the problems stated above with adequate and
            sustainable sources of funding.
                       b. potential conflicts of interest
        1. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation
    agreements, and other continuing dealings with business associates,
    clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement
    accounts, such as a 401(k) or pension plan.
        My arrangements are fully described in Part 3 of my Public
    Financial Disclosure Report. A list of these arrangements and
    agreements is below.

       I have vested restricted stock units in an independent stock
            plan as part of a long-term incentive program from my former
            employer, Maersk Line Limited. Maersk will accelerate the
            unlocking of my vested restricted stock units. I will forfeit
            restricted stock units valued over and above $10,000 and will
            be awarded only up to $10,000 in Maersk stock prior to assuming
            my position as Administrator, if confirmed. I will divest my
            interests in Maersk as soon as practicable but not later than
            90 days after my confirmation.

       I have a defined contribution plan (401K plan) with U.S.
            Marine Management. I will continue to participate in this
            defined contribution plan. The plan's sponsor will not make
            further contributions after my separation.

       I will receive a severance payment upon my separation from
            U.S. Marine Management for $50,000. The amount of the payment
            is determined at the discretion of the owners and has already
            been fixed by the company. This payment will be paid to me
            prior to assuming the duties of the position of Administrator
            (if confirmed) or I will forfeit it.

        2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal,
    to maintain employment, affiliation, or practice with any business,
    association, or other organization during your appointment? If so,
    please explain. No.
        3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other
    relationships which could involve potential conflicts of interest in
    the position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will
    resolve each potential conflict of interest.
        In connection with the nomination process, I have consulted with
    the Office of Government Ethics and the Department of Transportation
    (``DOT'') Designated Agency Ethics Official to identify potential
    conflicts of interest. Any potential conflicts of interest will be
    resolved consistent with the terms of an ethics agreement I have
    entered into with the DOT Designated Agency Ethics Official, which has
    been provided to this Committee. I am not aware of any other conflicts
    of interest.
        4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial
    transaction which you have had during the last ten years, whether for
    yourself, on behalf of a client, or acting as an agent, that could in
    any way constitute or result in a possible conflict of interest in the
    position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will resolve
    each potential conflict of interest.
        In connection with the nomination process, I have consulted with
    the Office of Government Ethics and the Department of Transportation
    (``DOT'') Designated Agency Ethics Official to identify potential
    conflicts of interest. Any potential conflicts of interest will be
    resolved consistent with the terms of an ethics agreement I have
    entered into with the DOT Designated Agency Ethics Official, which has
    been provided to this Committee. I am not aware of any other conflicts
    of interest.
        5. Identify any other potential conflicts of interest and explain
    how you will resolve each potential conflict of interest.
        In connection with the nomination process, I have consulted with
    the Office of Government Ethics and the Department of Transportation
    (``DOT'') Designated Agency Ethics Official to identify potential
    conflicts of interest. Any potential conflicts of interest will be
    resolved consistent with the terms of an ethics agreement I have
    entered into with the DOT Designated Agency Ethics Official, which has
    been provided to this Committee. I am not aware of any other conflicts
    of interest.
        6. Describe any activity during the past ten years, including the
    names of clients represented, in which you have been engaged for the
    purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or
    modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and
    execution of law or public policy. None.
                                c. legal matters
        1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics,
    professional misconduct, or retaliation by, or been the subject of a
    complaint to, any court, administrative agency, the Office of Special
    Counsel, an Inspector General, professional association, disciplinary
    committee, or other professional group? If yes:
        No.

      a.  Provide the name of the court, agency, association, committee, or
            group;

      b.  Provide the date the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or
            personnel action was issued or initiated;

      c.  Describe the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or
            personnel action;

      d.  Provide the results of the citation, disciplinary action,
            complaint, or personnel action.

        2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by
    any Federal, State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal,
    State, county, municipal, or foreign government entity, other than for
    a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain. No.
        3. Have you or any business or nonprofit of which you are or were
    an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency
    proceeding, criminal proceeding, or civil litigation? If so, please
    explain.
        As a U.S. flag ship operator, our mariners are not eligible for
    workman's compensation for work related injuries. They are required to
    seek compensation via the courts which is normal for our industry.
    Therefore, the case list is extensive. See Attachment A for a complete
    list.
        4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or nolo
    contendere) of any criminal violation other than a minor traffic
    offense? If so, please explain. No.
        5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual
    assault, sexual harassment, or discrimination on the basis of sex,
    race, religion, or any other basis? If so, please explain. No.
        6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information,
    favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in
    connection with your nomination. None.
                         d. relationship with committee
        1. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation complies with deadlines for information set by
    congressional committees, and that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation endeavors to timely comply with requests for information
    from individual Members of Congress, including requests from members in
    the minority?
        Yes, I will ensure that my office responds, timely, to such
    requests for information as appropriate.
        2. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation does whatever it can to protect congressional witnesses and
    whistleblowers from reprisal for their testimony and disclosures?
        Yes, I will ensure that my office responds as appropriate.
        3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested
    witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with
    firsthand knowledge of matters of interest to the Committee?
        Yes, I will ensure that my office keeps the Committee appraised as
    appropriate.
        4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly
    constituted committee of the Congress on such occasions as you may be
    reasonably requested to do so? Yes, I will ensure that my office
    responds as appropriate.
                                     ______

    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                                                      FEDERAL CASES

                                                                                                             Date
         Party Name         Case Number           Case Title                 Court          Date  Filed     Closed

    Maersk Line,         1:1990cv00628      Lapetri v. Maersk Line  New York Eastern          2/22/1990   10/25/1990
     Limited                                                         District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:1990cv00628      Lapetri v. Maersk Line  New York Eastern          2/22/1990   10/25/1990
     Limited                                                         District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:1990cv00628      Lapetri v. Maersk Line  New York Eastern          2/22/1990   10/25/1990
     Limited                                                         District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:1991cv01747      Harris v. Maersk Line,  New York Southern         3/13/1991    4/30/1991
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:1992cv00453      Maersk Line, Ltd v.     Alabama Southern           6/2/1992    2/17/1993
     Limited                                 Smith                   District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:1992cv00453      Maersk Line, Ltd v.     Alabama Southern           6/2/1992    2/17/1993
     Limited                                 Smith                   District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:1992cv04209      Maersk Line, Limited    New York Southern          6/8/1992   10/30/1992
     Limited                                 v. South East           District Court
                                             Atlantic
    Maersk Line,         2:1992cv00791      Allred v. Maersk line   Virginia Eastern          10/6/1992    2/24/1995
     Limited                                                         District Court
    Maersk Line,         3:1993cv00283      Falk v. Maersk Line,    California Northern       1/25/1993    11/8/1993
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         2:1993cv00742      Najah v. Maersk Line,   New Jersey District       2/22/1993    6/22/1994
     Limited                                 Limited, et al          Court
    Maersk Line,         0:1993cv.pr02029   Allred v. Maersk Line,  U.S. Court of Appeals,    8/17/1993    9/13/1994
     Limited                                 Limited                 Fourth Circuit
    Maersk Line,         2:1996cv03273      Small v. Maersk Line,   New Jersey District        7/5/1996    2/13/1998
     Limited                                 Limited, et al          Court
    Maersk Line,         2:1997cv00299      Sargent v. Maersk       Pennsylvania Eastern      1/14/1997    11/5/1997
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           District Court
    Maersk Line,         2:1997cv04175      Zolinas v. Maersk       Pennsylvania Eastern      6/20/1997     8/7/1997
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:1998ap05601      Devan and Maersk Line,  Maryland Bankruptcy       2/23/1998    6/11/1999
     Limited                                 Limited                 Court
    Maersk Line,         1:1999cv01122      Sang v. American Of,    New York Eastern          2/26/1999    9/28/2001
     Limited                                 et al                   District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:1999cv01122      Sang v. American Of,    New York Eastern          2/26/1999    9/28/2001
     Limited                                 et al                   District Court
    Maersk Line,         3:1999cv00194      Hall v. Maersk Inc.,    Texas Southern            3/29/1999     8/4/1999
     Limited                                 et al                   District Court
    Maersk Line,         3:1999cv00331      Laffitte v. Maersk      Texas Southern             6/2/1999     6/7/2000
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:1999cv00560      Maersk Line, Limited    Alabama Southern          6/16/1999    9/29/2000
     Limited                                 v. Laffitte             District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:1999cv00689      Maersk Line, Limited    Alabama Southern          7/26/1999    3/31/2000
     Limited                                 v. Juzang               District Court
    Maersk Line,         33:1999cv00808     Hall v. USA, et al      Florida Middle            8/10/1999    1/18/2001
     Limited                                                         District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:1999cv00766      Maersk Line, Ltd v.     Alabama Southern          8/20/1999    2/22/2000
     Limited                                 Dansley, et al          District Court
    Maersk Line,         3:1999cv00761      Martin v. Maersk Line,  Texas Southern           12/10/1999    3/17/2000
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         0:2000pcf40710     Laffitte v. Maersk      U.S. Court of Appeals,    6/27/2000    6/12/2001
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Fifth Circuit
    Maersk Line,         0:2000pcf40740     Laffitte v. Maersk      U.S. Court of Appeals,    6/30/2000    6/12/2001
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Fifth Circuit
    Maersk Line,         2:2001cv03119      Young v. United         Pennsylvania Eastern      6/22/2001    8/26/2002
     Limited                                 States, et al           District Court
    Maersk Line,         2:2001cv04616      Thompson v. Maersk      New Jersey District       10/1/2001    5/27/2005
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2001cv09689      U.S. Ship Management    New York Southern         11/2/2001    2/27/2002
     Limited                                 v. Maersk Line,         District Court
                                             Limited
    Maersk Line,         1:2002cv00603      Koen v. Maersk Line,    Alabama Southern           8/8/2002    9/11/2002
     Limited                                 Ltd, et al              District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2002cv08923      MacCollister v.         New York Southern         11/8/2002    1/26/2005
     Limited                                 Expediter Transport,    District Court
                                             et al
    Maersk Line,         2:2002cv00906      Kennedy v. Maersk       Virginia Eastern         11/19/2002     3/9/2004
     Limited                                 Line, Limited, et al    District Court
    Maersk Line,         0:2003pcf30021     Scardina v. Maersk      U.S. Court of Appeals,     1/8/2003     2/5/2003
     Limited                                 Line Ltd                Fifth Circuit
    Maersk Line,         0:2003cv60033      Adams v. Maersk Line,   Florida Southern          1/10/2003    9/24/2004
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         0:2003pcf40418     Fanos v. Maersk Line,   U.S. Court of Appeals,    3/27/2003    3/10/2004
     Limited                                 Ltd. et al              Fifth Circuit
    Maersk Line,         1:2003cv00951      U.S. Ship Management,   District of Columbia      4/29/2003     3/4/2005
     Limited                                 Inc. v. U.S. Maritime   District Court
                                             Administration
    Maersk Line,         1:2003bk80215      Baltimore Marine        Maryland Bankruptcy       6/11/2003     2/3/2011
     Limited                                 Industries, Inc.        Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2003ap05300      Maersk Line, Limited    Maryland Bankruptcy        7/3/2003    5/19/2004
     Limited                                 and Baltimore Marine    Court
                                             Industries, Inc.
    Maersk Line,         1:2003ap08040      Baltimore Marine        Maryland Bankruptcy        7/8/2003    5/19/2004
     Limited                                 Industries, Inc. and    Court
                                             Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         1:2003ap08154      Maersk Line, Limited    Maryland Bankruptcy       7/31/2003    5/19/2010
     Limited                                 and Ocean Technical     Court
                                             Services Corp.
    Maersk Line,         1:2003ap08154      Maersk Line, Limited    Maryland Bankruptcy       7/31/2003    5/19/2010
     Limited                                 and Ocean Technical     Court
                                             Services Corp.
    Maersk Line,         1:2003ap08154      Maersk Line, Limited    Maryland Bankruptcy       7/31/2003    5/19/2010
     Limited                                 and Ocean Technical     Court
                                             Services Corp.
    Maersk Line,         1:2003cv07459      MC Logistics Limited v  New York Southern         9/23/2003    9/14/2005
     Limited                                 M/V ``Dirch Maersk``,   District Court
                                             et al
    Maersk Line,         3:2003cv00890      Smalls v. USA, et al    Florida Middle           10/20/2003     7/8/2004
     Limited                                                         District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2003cv09669      Adolph Jahn & Co. Gmbh  New York Southern         12/5/2003     4/2/2004
     Limited                                 v. M/V Sealand          District Court
                                             Performance et al
    Maersk Line,         2:2004cv70216      Westfall v. United      Michigan Eastern          1/22/2004    5/28/2004
     Limited                                 States of America       District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2004cv00825      Lyons v. Maersk Line    Illinois Northern          2/2/2004     2/5/2004
     Limited                                 Ltd                     District Court
    Maersk Line,         2:2004cv00114      Dempster v. Maersk      Virginia Eastern          2/27/2004    11/9/2004
     Limited                                 Line, Limited et al     District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2004cv02504      U.S. Ship Management,   New York Southern         3/31/2004     1/6/2005
     Limited                                 Inc. v. Maersk Line,    District Court
                                             Limited
    Maersk Line,         1:2004cv20913      Wright v. Maersk Line,  Florida Southern          4/16/2004    6/22/2004
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2004cv05666      Maersk Line, Limited    New York Southern         7/19/2004    10/5/2004
     Limited                                 v. U.S. Ship            District Court
                                             Management, Inc.
    Maersk Line,         0:2004cvus05299    US Ship Mgmt v. U.S.    U.S. Court of Appeals,    8/27/2004     3/3/2005
     Limited                                 Maritime Admin          D.C. Circuit
    Maersk Line,         1:2004cv07661      U.S. Ship Management,   New York Southern         9/28/2004     3/9/2005
     Limited                                 Inc. v. Maersk Line,    District Court
                                             Limited
    Maersk Line,         2:2004cv04994      Benson v. Maersk Line,  New Jersey District      10/13/2004   10/11/2005
     Limited                                 Limited et al           Court
    Maersk Line,         0:2004cv.pr02387   US Ship Mgmt, et al v.  U.S. Court of Appeals,    11/4/2004   11/18/2004
     Limited                                 Maersk Line             Fourth Circuit
    Maersk Line,         0:2004cv.pr02387   US Ship Mgmt, et al v.  U.S. Court of Appeals,    11/4/2004   11/18/2004
     Limited                                 Maersk Line             Fourth Circuit
    Maersk Line,         1:2005mc00001      U.S. Ship Management    Virginia Eastern           1/6/2005    2/14/2005
     Limited                                 v. Maersk Line,         District Court
                                             Limited
    Maersk Line,         1:2005mc00101      U.S. Ship Management    District of Columbia      2/24/2005   11/21/2006
     Limited                                 Inc v. Maersk Line,     District Court
                                             Limited
    Maersk Line,         2:2005cv01447      Liberty Global          New York Eastern          3/18/2005    10/7/2005
     Limited                                 Logistic LLC v.         District Court
                                             United States
                                             Maritime
                                             Administration et al
    Maersk Line,         2:2005cv00260      Brooks v. Maersk Line,  Virginia Eastern           5/4/2005   10/24/2005
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2005cv01441      Grochal v. Maersk       Maryland District         5/27/2005     1/9/2006
     Limited                                 Line, Limited et al     Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2005cv06245      Hanback v. Maersk       New York Southern          7/7/2005    5/30/2008
     Limited                                 Line, Limited et al     District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2005cv06246      Wilson v. Maersk Line,  New York Southern          7/7/2005     4/3/2008
     Limited                                 Limited et al           District Court
    Maersk Line,         4:2005cv40187      Valentine v. Maersk     Massachuetts District    10/21/2005    9/20/2007
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Court
    Maersk Line,         2:2005cv00747      Maersk Line, Limited    Virginia Eastern         12/21/2005   10/30/2006
     Limited                                 v. The United States    District Court
                                             of America
    Maersk Line,         4:2005cv04382      Royal Cargo Line, Inc.  Texas Southern           12/29/2005     5/8/2006
     Limited                                 v. M/V Sea-land Comet   District Court
                                             et al
    Maersk Line,         3:2006cv00087      Dickey v. Maersk Line,  Texas Southern            2/14/2006    11/1/2006
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         0:2006bk.dc01206   Grochal, et al v.       U.S. Court of Appeals,    2/17/2006     2/9/2007
     Limited                                 Ocean Technical Svcs,   Fourth Circuit
                                             et al
    Maersk Line,         3:2006cv00199      Teferi v. Maersk Line,  Texas Southern            3/30/2006    1/12/2007
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         4:2006cv01362      Capt Craig Towing, LLC  Texas Southern            4/19/2006    6/25/2008
     Limited                                                         District Court
    Maersk Line,         4:2006cv01362      Capt Craig Towing, LLC  Texas Southern            4/19/2006    6/25/2008
     Limited                                                         District Court
    Maersk Line,         4:2006cv01362      Capt Craig Towing, LLC  Texas Southern            4/19/2006    6/25/2008
     Limited                                                         District Court
    Maersk Line,         2:2006mc50625      Equal Employment        Michigan Eastern          6/28/2006
     Limited                                 Opportunity             District Court
                                             Commission v. Maersk
                                             Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         2:2006cv00371      Clements v. Norfolk     Virginia Eastern          6/30/2006   10/17/2006
     Limited                                 Southern Railway        District Court
                                             Company et al
    Maersk Line,         2:2006mc50671      Equal Employment        Michigan Eastern          7/13/2006
     Limited                                 Opportunity             District Court
                                             Commission v. Maersk
                                             Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         3:2006ap00391      William Kaye, as        Tennessee Middle          9/28/2006    2/26/2007
     Limited                                 Trustee of the Murray   Bankruptcy Court
                                             Liquidating and
                                             Maersk, Inc.
    Maersk Line,         6:2006cv00110      Smith v. Texas          Texas Southern           10/31/2006     9/8/2008
     Limited                                 Shredder, Inc. st al    District Court
    Maersk Line,         0:2007cv.us01013   Maersk Line, Limited    U.S. Court of Appeals,     1/9/2007    1/28/2008
     Limited                                 et al v. United         Fourth Circuit
                                             States
    Maersk Line,         3:2007cv00076      Eleazar Lozano, Jr. v.  Texas Southern             2/6/2007   11/28/2007
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    District Court
    Maersk Line,         2:2007cv01293      Tombari v. Maersk       New Jersey District       3/19/2007   11/30/2007
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Court
    Maersk Line,         3:2007cv03318      Garrett v. U.S. Ship    California Northern       6/25/2007    2/19/2009
     Limited                                 Management, Inc. et     District Court
                                             al
    Maersk Line,         3:2007cv01568      Nazario v. Maersk       Puerto Rico District      6/25/2007    5/27/2010
     Limited                                 Line, Limited et al     Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2007cv02633      Sieger v. Maersk Line,  New York Eastern          6/28/2007   12/16/2008
     Limited                                 Limited et al           District Court
    Maersk Line,         3:2007cv00431      Alvarez v. Maersk       Texas Southern            8/23/2007    7/28/2008
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           District Court
    Maersk Line,         3:2008cv00043      Hackler v. P&O Ports    Louisiana Middle          1/22/2008    3/29/2013
     Limited                                 Louisiana, Inc. et al   District Court
    Maersk Line,         3:2008cv00074      Michael T. Hackler v.   Louisiana Middle           2/4/2008    9/19/2008
     Limited                                 P&O Ports Louisiana,    District Court
                                             Inc. et al
    Maersk Line,         3:2008cv00082      Hackler v Greater       Louisiana Middle           2/7/2008    8/25/2008
     Limited                                 Baton Rouge Port        District Court
                                             Commision
    Maersk Line,         5:2008cv10782      Zain v. Maersk Line,    Michigan Eastern          2/25/2008    7/31/2008
     Limited                                 Limited et al           District Court
    Maersk Line,         0:2008cv.pr01263   In Re: Application of   U.S. Court of Appeals,     3/4/2008     3/4/2008
     Limited                                 Sipromad v. Maersk      Fourth Circuit
                                             Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         1:2008cv03518      Hall v. Maersk Line,    New York Southern         4/11/2008     4/4/2011
     Limited                                 Limited et al           District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2008cv00442      Maddux v. United        Ohio Southern District    6/27/2008    5/16/2011
     Limited                                 States of America et    Court
                                             al
    Maersk Line,         1:2008cv11204      Barclay v. Maersk       Massachuetts District     7/15/2008    2/25/2011
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Court
    Maersk Line,         2:2008cv87777      Hackler v. P&O Ports    Pennsylvania Eastern      8/22/2008     2/7/2012
     Limited                                 Louisiana, Inc. et al   District Court
    Maersk Line,         2:2008cv87779      Hackler v Greater       Pennsylvania Eastern      8/22/2008    6/28/2012
     Limited                                 Baton Rouge Port        District Court
                                             Commision et al
    Maersk Line,         2:2008cv88873      Hackler et al v. P&O    Pennsylvania Eastern      9/12/2008     6/4/2010
     Limited                                 Ports Louisiana, Inc.   District Court
                                             et al
    Maersk Line,         1:2008cv04813      Skye v. Maersk Line,    New Jersey District       9/25/2008    9/22/2009
     Limited                                 Limited et al           Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2009cv03624      Ahmed v. Maersk Line,   New York Southern          4/8/2009     5/4/2011
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2009cv04575      Phillips Foods, Inc.    New York Southern         5/14/2009     9/3/2009
     Limited                                 v. Maersk Line,         District Court
                                             Limited et al
    Maersk Line,         4:2009cv01601      Hicks v. Waterman       Texas Southern            5/27/2009    9/16/2009
     Limited                                 Steamship               District Court
    Maersk Line,         4:2009cv01692      Cupan v. Maersk Line,   Texas Southern             6/3/2009     9/8/2009
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         2:2009cv02736      Jaradat v. Maersk       Pennsylvania Eastern      6/17/2009    9/22/2010
     Limited                                 Line, Limited et al     District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2009cv00747      Maersk Line, Limited    Virginia Eastern           7/6/2009    7/13/2009
     Limited                                 v. Vilsak et al         District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2009cv03161      Liberty Shipping Group  New York Eastern          7/22/2009    9/24/2009
     Limited                                 LLC v. United States    District Court
                                             of America et al
    Maersk Line,         1:2009cv03193      Lopez-Ranilla v.        New York Eastern          7/24/2009    9/15/2010
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2009cv03404      Spencer v. Maersk       New York Eastern           8/6/2009    3/26/2010
     Limited                                 Line, Limited et al     District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2009cv03408      Salah v. Maersk Line,   New York Eastern           8/6/2009    4/11/2011
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2009cv03454      Austin v. Maersk Line,  New York Eastern          8/10/2009    5/28/2010
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2009cv00513      Johnson v. Maersk       Alabama Southern          8/10/2009    6/10/2010
     Limited                                 Line, Limited et al     District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2009cv03455      Martinez v. Maersk      New York Eastern          8/10/2009   12/13/2010
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           District Court
    Maersk Line,         2:2009cv05170      Anacta v. Maersk Line,  New Jersey District       10/8/2009    2/18/2011
     Limited                                 Limited                 Court
    Maersk Line,         3:2010cv02078      Gonzalez v. Maersk      Puerto Rico District      11/3/2010   10/12/2012
     Limited                                 Line, Limited et al     Court
    Maersk Line,         1:21010ap02627     The Official Committee  Illinois Northern        12/23/2010   11/19/2012
     Limited                                 of Unsecured            Bankruptcy Court
                                             Creditors of X and
                                             Esquel Enterprises
                                             Ltd
    Maersk Line,         1:2010ap02647      The Official Committee  Illinois Northern        12/23/2010    5/16/2012
     Limited                                 of Unsecured            Bankruptcy Court
                                             Creditors of X and
                                             Esquel Enterprises
                                             Ltd
    Maersk Line,         0:2011cv03022      James Maddux v. USA et  U.S. Court of Appeals,     1/7/2011    1/19/2011
     Limited                                 al                      Sixth Circuit
    Maersk Line,         1:2011cv02888      A&D Exclusive Corp. v.  New York Southern         4/28/2011    6/27/2012
     Limited                                 Maersk Inc. et al       District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2011cv02888      A&D Exclusive Corp. v.  New York Southern         4/28/2011    6/27/2012
     Limited                                 Maersk Inc. et al       District Court
    Maersk Line,         2:2011cv05026      O'Connor v. Maersk      Pennsylvania Eastern       8/4/2011    2/21/2012
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           District Court
    Maersk Line,         4:2011cv03251      Lewis v. Maersk Line,   Texas Southern             9/1/2011    3/23/2012
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         0:2012cv00834      Padilla v. Maersk       U.S. Court of Appeals,     3/1/2012    6/25/2013
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Second Circuit
    Maersk Line,         2:2012cv02483      Maersk Line, Limited    New Jersey District       4/26/2012     7/9/2012
     Limited                                 et al                   Court
    Maersk Line,         4:2012cv00127      Horton et al v. Maersk  Georgia Southern           5/9/2012    9/22/2014
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           District Court
    Maersk Line,         2:2012cv05280      Andrucovici et al       New Jersey District       8/22/2012    9/11/2012
     Limited                                                         Court
    Maersk Line,         4:2013cv02171      Fetter v. Maersk Line,  Texas Southern            7/25/2013     4/2/2014
     Limited                                 Limited. Case           District Court
                                             electronically
                                             transferred to
                                             District of New
                                             Jersey
    Maersk Line,         1:2013cv07136      RLI Insurance Copany    New York Southern         10/8/2013    4/29/2014
     Limited                                 et al v. Orca et al     District Court
    Maersk Line,         2:2013cv06899      Reinauer                New Jersey District       11/8/2013     4/1/2014
     Limited                                 Transportation          Court
                                             Companies, LLC v.
                                             Maersk Line, Limited
                                             et al
    Maersk Line,         2:2013cv06899      Reinauer                New Jersey District       11/8/2013     4/1/2014
     Limited                                 Transportation          Court
                                             Companies, LLC v.
                                             Maersk Line, Limited
                                             et al
    Maersk Line,         1:2013cv08477      National Union Fire     New York Southern        11/26/2013    6/25/2014
     Limited                                 Insurance Company of    District Court
                                             Pittsburgh, P.A. et
                                             al v. Maersk et al
    Maersk Line,         3:2014cv00220      KVA Electric, Inc. et   California Northern       1/14/2014    3/24/2014
     Limited                                 al v. A.P. Moelller-    District Court
                                             Maersk A/S trading as
                                             Maersk Line et al
    Maersk Line,         2:2014mc00090      In re: Khaled           California Central        2/25/2014    5/15/2014
     Limited                                 Munassar, United        District Court
                                             States Merchant
                                             Marine (MMD No.
                                             2246187) Missing at
                                             Sea, February 10,
                                             2014
    Maersk Line,         2:2014cv03737      Ghaleb m. Ghaleb vs.    California Central        5/15/2014    6/19/2014
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2014cv05757      Saleh v. Maersk Line,   New York Southern         7/28/2014     4/7/2016
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2014cv06260      Maersk Line, Limited    New York Southern          8/7/2014    3/31/2015
     Limited                                 v. Saleh                District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2014cv07006      George et al v. Maersk  New York Southern         8/28/2014     6/9/2016
     Limited                                 Line, Limited et al     District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2014cv07294      National Union Fire     New York Southern         9/19/2014   10/23/2014
     Limited                                 Insurance Company of    District Court
                                             Pittsburgh, P.A. et
                                             al v. M/V Maersk Utah
                                             et al
    Maersk Line,         0:2014prici14450   John Horton, et al v.   U.S. Court of Appeals,    10/2/2014    2/27/2015
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited,   Eleventh Circuit
                                             et al
    Maersk Line,         1:2014cv05951      Soliman v. Maersk       New York Eastern         10/10/2014    1/26/2017
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2014bk12414      National Air Cargo,     New York Western         10/17/2014     2/5/2019
     Limited                                 Inc.                    Bankruptcy Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2014cv01028      Crowley Technical       U.S. Court of Federal    10/22/2014    9/25/2015
     Limited                                 Management, Inc v.      Claims
                                             USA
    Maersk Line,         1:2014cv00024      Marquez v. Maersk       Northern Mariana         12/11/2014    5/24/2016
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Islands District
                                                                     Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2015cv01785      National Union Fire     New York Southern         3/10/2015    4/24/2015
     Limited                                 Insurance Company of    District Court
                                             Pittsburgh, P.A. et
                                             al v. M/V Leda Maersk
                                             et al
    Maersk Line,         2:2016cv00230      Reyes v. Maersk Line,   Virginia Eastern          5/10/2016    12/7/2016
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         8:2016cv01600      Mohsen Hubair v.        California Central        8/30/2016    1/13/2017
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    District Court
                                             et al
    Maersk Line,         1:2016ap01068      The Official Committee  New York Western         10/11/2016     1/8/2018
     Limited                                 of Unsecured            Bankruptcy Court
                                             Creditors and Maersk
                                             Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         0:2016cv04757      Don Shine, et al v.     U.S. Court of Appeals,   12/29/2016    11/8/2019
     Limited                                 Alcoa Steamship Co.,    Sixth Circuit
                                             Inc., et al
    Maersk Line,         3:2017cv00019      EPL Oil & Gas, Inc. et  Texas Southern            1/20/2017    3/22/2017
     Limited                                 al v. Maersk Line,      District Court
                                             Limited. Case has
                                             been transferred to
                                             Houston Division
    Maersk Line,         4:2017cv00898      EPL Oil & Gas, Inc. et  Texas Southern            1/20/2017     4/6/2017
     Limited                                 al v. Maersk Line,      District Court
                                             Limited. Case is
                                             consolicated under
                                             4:17-cv-188
    Maersk Line,         1:2017cv00281      Anham FZCO, LLC v.      Virginia Eastern           3/9/2017     4/5/2017
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2017cv10534      Foster v. Maersk Line,  Massachuetts District     3/28/2017   10/31/2018
     Limited                                 Limited                 Court
    Maersk Line,         3:2017cv00178      Pierce v. Maersk Inc.   Texas Southern             6/7/2017     6/1/2018
     Limited                                 et al                   District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2017cv05959      AGCS Marine Insurance   New York Southern          8/7/2017    9/27/2017
     Limited                                 Company v. M/V Maersk   District Court
                                             Kinloss et al
    Maersk Line,         1:2017cv07473      Federal Insurance       New York Southern         9/29/2017   10/30/2017
     Limited                                 Company v. Maersk       District Court
                                             Line A/S et al
    Maersk Line,         1:2017cv00262      Maersk Line, Limited    U.S. Court of            10/31/2017    9/17/2019
     Limited                                 v. United States        International Trade
    Maersk Line,         1:2017cv08659      National Air Cargo      New York Southern         11/8/2017    9/27/2019
     Limited                                 Group, Inc. v. Maersk   District Court
                                             Line, Limited et al
    Maersk Line,         1:2018cv00188      Maersk Line, Limited    U.S. Court of             8/23/2018    9/12/2019
     Limited                                 v. United States        International Trade
    Maersk Line,         4:2019cv00012      Richard Grimble v.      Texas Southern             1/2/2019     3/3/2022
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    District Court
                                             et al
    Maersk Line,         2:2019cv04244      Certain Underwriters    California Central        5/16/2019     7/2/2019
     Limited                                 at Lloyds v. Maersk     District Court
                                             Line AS et al
    Maersk Line,         3:2019cv00238      Reed et al v. Maersk    Texas Southern            7/22/2019    4/12/2023
     Limited                                 Line, Limited et al     District Court
    Maersk Line,         3:2019cv00242      Marsh v. BP Products    Texas Southern            7/24/2019    5/18/2021
     Limited                                 North America, Inc.     District Court
                                             et al
    Maersk Line,         0:2019cv03254      National Air Cargo      U.S. Court of Appeals,    10/8/2019   11/18/2019
     Limited                                 Group, Inc. v. Maersk   Second Circuit
                                             Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         3:2019cv06743      Bickham v. Maersk       California Northern      10/18/2019    3/29/2022
     Limited                                 Line, Limited et al     District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2019cv11373      Liberty Specialty       New York Southern        12/12/2019     2/9/2021
     Limited                                 Markets Limited et al   District Court
                                             v. Maersk, Inc. et al
    Maersk Line,         1:2019cv11364      Sai Marine Export Pvt   New York Southern        12/12/2019     2/9/2021
     Limited                                 Limited v. Maersk       District Court
                                             Line A/S
    Maersk Line,         1:2020cv03322      Valentine v. Maersk     New York Eastern          7/23/2020    9/16/2020
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           District Court
    Maersk Line,         3:2020cv00829      USA et al v. Maersk     Illinois Southern         8/27/2020    3/16/2021
     Limited                                 Line, Limited et al     District Court
    Maersk Line,         2:2020cv18841      Muthala v. Maersk       New Jersey District      12/14/2020    3/14/2025
     Limited                                 Line, Limited et al     Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2021cv00125      Maersk Line, Limited    District of Columbia      1/14/2021    8/11/2023
     Limited                                 v. U.S. Department of   District Court
                                             State
    Maersk Line,         1:2021cv01722      Air Express             New York Southern         2/26/2021     9/9/2022
     Limited                                 Internatiional USA,     District Court
                                             Inc. v. Maersk, Inc.
                                             et al
    Maersk Line,         1:2021cv01722      Air Express             New York Southern         2/26/2021     9/9/2022
     Limited                                 Internatiional USA,     District Court
                                             Inc. v. Maersk, Inc.
                                             et al
    Maersk Line,         2:2021cv11222      Solis v. Maersk Line,   New Jersey District       5/14/2021     8/2/2022
     Limited                                 Limited                 Court
    Maersk Line,         2:2021cv00317      Allen v. Maersk Line,   Virginia Eastern           6/4/2021    1/10/2022
     Limited                                 Limited, et al          District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2021cv01277      Cockett Marine Oil      Delaware District          9/8/2021    4/26/2023
     Limited                                 DMCC v. CI              Court
                                             International Fuels,
                                             LLC et al
    Maersk Line,         2:2021cv00501      Maersk Line, Limited    Virginia Eastern           9/9/2021    12/9/2021
     Limited                                 v. United States        District Court
                                             Coast Guard
    Maersk Line,         0:2021pcf30636     Seville v. Maersk Line  U.S. Court of Appeals,   10/13/2021   11/18/2022
     Limited                                                         Fifth Circuit
    Maersk Line,         1:2022cv00100      White Coral Marine      Delaware District         1/25/2022     9/2/2022
     Limited                                 Limited et al v.        Court
                                             Chimbusco Pan Nation
                                             Petro-Chemical
                                             Co.Ltd. Et al
    Maersk Line,         2:2022cv05038      Acosta v. Port Newark   New Jersey District       8/12/2022    7/28/2023
     Limited                                 Container Terminal,     Court
                                             LLC et al
    Maersk Line,         2:2022cv00370      Maersk Line, Limited    Virginia Eastern           9/2/2022   12/19/2023
     Limited                                 v. United States        District Court
    Maersk Line,         4:2022cv03764      Okpere v. Maersk Line,  Texas Southern           10/28/2022    9/12/2024
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         4:2022cv00261      Amick v. Maersk Line,   Georgia Southern          11/2/2022    7/21/2023
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2023cv00017      Ogbo et al v. CSX       Georgia Southern          2/21/2023   11/27/2023
     Limited                                 Transportaion, Inc.     District Court
                                             et al
    Maersk Line,         1:2023cv02501      Gaylan v. Maersk Line,  New York Southern         3/24/2023   10/24/2023
     Limited                                 Limited                 District Court
    Maersk Line,         1:2023cv09599      Maersk Line, Limited    New York Southern         11/1/2023     3/8/2024
     Limited                                 v. Theodor Wille        District Court
                                             Intertrade, GmbH
    Maersk Line,         4:2024cv00274      Carter v. Maersk Line,  Georgia Southern          12/6/2024
     Limited                                 Limited-USA et al       District Court

                                                    CALIFORNIA CASES

                                                                                                             Date
         Party Name         Case Number           Case Title                 Court          Date  Filed     Closed

    Maersk Line,         22STCV22245        Dalia Franklin v.       Los Angeles County       07/10/2022
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Superior Court
                                             (Asbestos)
    Maersk Line,         2:22cv3543         Travelers Property      USDC Central District    05/24/2022
     Limited                                 Casualty Company of     of California
                                             America v. Maersk
                                             Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         22STCV15952        Ricky Lynn Feigner v.   Los Angeles County       05/12/2022
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Superior Court
                                             (Asbestos)
    Maersk Line,         21STCV29691        Eduardo Hernandez v.    Los Angeles County       08/11/2021
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Superior Court
    Maersk Line,         RG21088294         Edward Richards v.      Alameda County           01/29/2021
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Superior Court
                                             (Asbestos)
    Maersk Line,         20STCV47908        Dejan Ulic v. Maersk    Los Angeles County       12/15/2020
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Superior Court
    Maersk Line,         20STCV45382        Gerald Feigner v.       Los Angeles County       11/24/2020
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Superior Court
                                             (Asbestos)
    Maersk Line,         3:19cv6743         Omoro Bickham v.        USDC Northern District   10/18/2019
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    of California
    Maersk Line,         8:19cv1847         Oar Auto Inc, v.        USDC Central District    09/27/2019
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    of California
    Maersk Line,         RG19035560         Omoro Bickham v.        Alameda County           09/18/2019
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Superior Court
    Maersk Line,         3:19cv3707         Allan D. Bombita v.     USDC Northern District   06/26/2019
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    of California
    Maersk Line,         2:19cv4244         Certain Underwriters    USDC Central District    05/16/2019
     Limited                                 at Lloyds v. Maersk     of California
                                             Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         37-2018-38528-CU-  Denver Urlaub v.        San Diego County         08/01/2018
     Limited              BC-CTL             Maersk Line, Limited    Superior Court
    Maersk Line,         2:17cv8457         Maersk Line, Limited    USDC Central District    11/20/2017
     Limited                                 v. Apex Maritime Co.    of California
    Maersk Line,         BC640986           Mario Baja v. Maersk    Los Angeles County       11/16/2016
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Superior Court
    Maersk Line,         8:16cv1600         Mohsen Hubair v.        USDC Central District    08/30/2016
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    of California
    Maersk Line,         2:16cv4173         NGL Transportation v.   USDC Central District    06/10/2016
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    of California
    Maersk Line,         2:16cv272          Elkay Plastics Company  USDC Central District    01/13/2016
     Limited                                 Inc. v. Maersk Line,    of California
                                             Limited
    Maersk Line,         BC600032           Elkay Plastics Company  Los Angeles County       11/04/2015
     Limited                                 Inc. v. Maersk Line,    Superior Court
                                             Limited
    Maersk Line,         RG14-734205        David Kabasinskas v.    Alameda County           07/24/2014
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Superior Court
    Maersk Line,         2:14cv3737         Maersk Line, Limited    USDC Central District    05/15/2014
     Limited                                 v. Ghaleb M. Ghaleb     of California
    Maersk Line,         2:14cv3567         Agro Trading            USDC Central District    05/08/2014
     Limited                                 International LLC v.    of California
                                             Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         2:14mc90           Re Khaled Munassar,     USDC Central District    02/25/2014
     Limited                                 Missing at Sea, v.      of California
                                             Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         2:14cv427          XL Specialty Insurance  USDC Central District    01/17/2014
     Limited                                 Company v. Maersk       of California
                                             Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         3:14cv220          KVA Electric Inc. v.    USDC Northern District   01/14/2014
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    of California
    Maersk Line,         2:13cv9440         Agro Trading            USDC Central District    12/23/2013
     Limited                                 International LLC v.    of California
                                             Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         4:13cv5812         Darin Allen v. Maersk   USDC Northern District   12/16/2013
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           of California
    Maersk Line,         BC530643           Bridgette Moore et al   Los Angeles County       12/16/2013
     Limited                                 v. Maersk Line,         Superior Court
                                             Limited (Asbestos)
    Maersk Line,         NC059203           Agro Trading            Los Angeles County       11/25/2013
     Limited                                 International LLC v.    Superior Court
                                             Maersk Line, Limited    Branches
    Maersk Line,         2:13cv6503         Elouise T. James v.     USDC Central District    09/05/2013
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    of California
    Maersk Line,         BC515773           Brittany D. Lewis v.    Los Angeles County       07/22/2013
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Superior Court
    Maersk Line,         2:13cv5147         Pandol Associates       USDC Central District    07/17/2013
     Limited                                 Marketing Inc. v.       of California
                                             Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         RG13-688180        Robert Bell v. Maersk   Alameda County           07/17/2013
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Superior Court
    Maersk Line,         BC515247           Norberto Castillo v.    Los Angeles County       07/16/2013
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Superior Court
    Maersk Line,         2:13cv3453         Terry Allen v. Maersk   USDC Central District    05/14/2013
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           of California
    Maersk Line,         2:12cv1857         Tokio Marine and        USDC Central District    03/05/2012
     Limited                                 Nichido Fire Co. Ltd.   of California
                                             V. Maersk Line,
                                             Limited
    Maersk Line,         RG11-578268        Kenneth Vollman v.      Alameda County           05/27/2011
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Superior Court
    Maersk Line,         4:11cv725          Stephen Lambert v.      USDC Northern District   02/16/2011
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    of California
    Maersk Line,         NC054758           Ahmed Hissein           Los Angeles County       06/28/2010
     Limited                                 Alaidaroos v. Maersk    Superior Court Branch
                                             Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         NC053633           John Gomard v. Maersk   Los Angeles County       10/09/2009
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Superior Court Branch
    Maersk Line,         2:09-cv-07147      Ronald Glusac v.        USDC Central District    10/01/2009
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    of California
    Maersk Line,         NC042852           Paquiz Mario v. Maersk  Los Angeles County       12/18/2008
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Superior Court Branch
    Maersk Line,         3:08-cv-04728      Abdulaziz Zain v.       USDC Northern District   10/14/2008
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    of California
    Maersk Line,         5:08-cv-01247      James Edward Harper v.  USDC Central District    09/11/2008
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    of California
    Maersk Line,         CGC-08-472574      Fadel Mohamed v.        San Francisco County     02/26/2008
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Superior Court
    Maersk Line,         CGC-07-468402      Fadel Mohamed v.        San Francisco County     10/22/2007
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Superior Court
    Maersk Line,         3:06-cv-07728      Charles Andrews v.      USDC Northern District   12/18/2006
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    of California
    Maersk Line,         CGC-03-430986      William Dean v. Maersk  San Francisco County     04/29/2004
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Superior Court

                                                      FLORIDA CASES

                                                                                                             Date
         Party Name         Case Number           Case Title                 Court          Date  Filed     Closed

    Maersk Line,         3:03cv77           Bruce Childers v.       US District Court for      2/3/2003       Closed
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    the Middle District
                                                                     of Florida
    Maersk Line,         1:09cv21679        Daniell P. Gibbons v.   US District Court,        6/17/2009       Closed
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Florida Southern
    Maersk Line,         0:03cv60033        George Adams v. Maersk  US Distrcit Court for     1/10/2003       Closed
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           the Southern District
                                                                     of Florida
    Maersk Line,         CACE01010980       Tanya Kennedy v.        Florida Circuit &         6/25/2001       Closed
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    County Court, Broward
                                                                     County
    Maersk Line,         3:11cv206          John C. Orr v. Maersk   US District Court for      5/2/2011       Closed
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           the Northern District
                                                                     of Florida
    Maersk Line,         1:04cv20913        Wright v. Maersk Line,  US District Court for     4/16/2004       Closed
     Limited                                 Limited                 the Southern District
                                                                     of Florida
    Maersk Line,         3:03cv890          William Smalls, Jr. v.  US District Court for    10/20/2003       Closed
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    the Middle District
                                                                     of Florida
    Maersk Line,         14-14450           John Horton v. Maersk   US Court of Appeals       10/2/2014       Closed
     Limited                                 line, Limited           for the Eleventh
                                                                     Circuit
    Maersk Line,         8:09cv2176         Steven Lonas v. Maersk  US District Court,       10/26/2009       Closed
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Florida Middle
    Maersk Line,         161998CA006515     George Davis v. Maersk  Florida Circuit &         12/7/1998       Closed
     Limited             XXX XMA             Line, Limited           County Court, Duval
                                                                     County
    Maersk Line,         162010CA015209     Maersk Line, Limited    Florida Circuit &        12/29/2010       Closed
     Limited             XXX XMA             v. United Motors Inc.   County, Duval County
    Maersk Line,         162006CA006890     Horace Robinson IV v.   Florida Circuit &         9/25/2006       Closed
     Limited             XXX                 Maersk Line, Limited    County, Duval County
                         XMA
    Maersk Line,         2003-015372-CA-01  Dionisio Batiz v.       Florida Circuit &          7/1/2003       Closed
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    County Court, Miami-
                                                                     Dade County
    Maersk Line,         2004-007111-CA-01  Nadia Wright v. Maersk  Florida Circuit &         3/26/2004       Closed
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           County Court, Miami-
                                                                     Dade County
    Maersk Line,         2002-030993-CA-01  George Adams v. Maersk  Florida Circuit &        12/11/2002       Closed
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           County Court, Miami-
                                                                     Dade County
    Maersk Line,         2005-018715-CA-01  David Mike Bunch v.     Florida Circuit &         9/15/2005       Closed
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    County Court, Miami-
                                                                     Dade County
    Maersk Line,         1:21cv23908        Maersk Line, Limited    US District Court,        11/5/2021       Closed
     Limited                                 v. Accelerated          Florida Southern
                                             International
                                             Forwarders et al
    Maersk Line,         2:14cv546          Bolin v. Maersk Line,   US District Court,        9/17/2014       Closed
     Limited                                 Limited                 Florida Middle
    Maersk Line,         03-CA-010618       John M. Frew v. Maersk  Florida Circuit &        11/12/2003       Closed
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           County Court,
                                                                     Hillsborough County
    Maersk Line,         00-12275           Maersk Line, Limited    US Court of Appeals        5/3/2000       Closed
     Limited                                 v. Rickie L. Juzang     for the Eleventh
                                                                     Circuit
    Maersk Line,         00-13566           Maersk Line, Limited    US Court of Appeals       7/10/2000       Closed
     Limited                                 v. Othello Dansley      for the Eleventh
                                                                     Circuit
    Maersk Line,         3:99cv808          Hall v. Maersk Line,    US District Court for     8/10/1999       Closed
     Limited                                 Limited                 the Middle District
                                                                     of Florida
    Maersk Line,         12-16433           William Skye v. Maersk  US Court of Appeals      12/19/2012       Closed
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           for the Eleventh
                                                                     Circuit
    Maersk Line,         1:13cv21312        Saiti Express v.        US District Court,        4/15/2013       Closed
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Florida Southern
    Maersk Line,         0:03cv60033        Adams v. Maersk Line,   US District Court for     1/10/2003       Closed
     Limited                                 Limited                 the Southern District
                                                                     of Florida
    Maersk Line,         2012-029705-CA-01  One West Bank v.        Florida Circuit &         7/25/2012       Closed
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    County Court, Miami-
                                                                     Dade County

                                                      GEORGIA CASES

                                                                                                             Date
         Party Name         Case Number           Case Title                 Court          Date  Filed     Closed

    Maersk Line,         STCV24-02350       Alexander Heyward v.    Chatham County           10/14/2024       Active
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         STCV24-02323       Marquis Carter v.       Chatham County           10/10/2024       Active
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         24-GM-12940        Portfolio Recovery      Gwinnett County           5/17/2024       Active
     Limited                                 Associates, LLC v.
                                             Flowers
    Maersk Line,         22A00849           NGOZI OGBO v. Maersk    Dekalb Sate Court          3/4/2022   12/20/2022
     Limited                                 Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         14A52261E7         Kevin Dean v. Bridge    Dekalb Sate Court         7/16/2014     7/2/2015
     Limited                                 Terminal Transport,
                                             Inc.
    Maersk Line,         STCV1200562        John Horton & Carolyn   Chatham County             4/3/2012     5/9/2012
     Limited                                 Horton v. Maersk
                                             Line, Limited

                                                   MASSACHUETTS CASES

                                                                                                             Date
         Party Name         Case Number           Case Title                 Court          Date  Filed     Closed

    Maersk Line,         4:05-cv-40187-FDS  Valentine v. Maersk     District of              10/21/2005    9/20/2007
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Massachuetts
    Maersk Line,         1:07-cv-12144-JLT  Spence v. Maersk Line,  District of              11/15/2007    7/14/2009
     Limited                                 Limited                 Massachuetts
    Maersk Line,         1:08-cv-11204-DPW  Barclay v. Maersk       District of               7/15/2008    2/25/2011
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Massachuetts
    Maersk Line,         1:17-cv-10534-LTS  Foster v. Maersk Line,  District of               3/28/2017   10/31/2018
     Limited                                 Limited                 Massachuetts
    Maersk Line,         1:19-cv-11842-RGS  Parisi v. Maersk Line,  District of               8/29/2019    3/25/2020
     Limited              case transferred   Limited                 Massachuetts
                          to E.D. Va. 2:20-
                          cv-00155

                                                       TEXAS CASES

                                                                                                             Date
         Party Name         Case Number           Case Title                 Court          Date  Filed     Closed

    Maersk Line,         DC-17-08473        Alton Hickman v.        Dallas County District    7/14/2017    9/24/2018
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Court
    Maersk Line,         DC-23-05862        Lazaro Gonzalez v.      Dallas County District     5/3/2023    7/20/2023
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Court
    Maersk Line,         201081908          Maersk Line, Limited
     Limited                                 v. Rogelios
                                             Castellanos
    Maersk Line,         202443140          Maersk Line, Limited    Harris County-165th       8/15/2024    8/19/2024
     Limited                                 v. Harris Central       Civil District Court
                                             Appraisal District
    Maersk Line,         201858665          Troy Ancar v. Maersk    Harris County-270th       8/29/2018     2/3/2022
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Civil District Court
    Maersk Line,         200710116          Calhoun, Bridget Anf
     Limited                                 of her son Cac v.
                                             Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         201738922          Certain Underwriters
     Limited                                 at Lloyds London v.
                                             Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         202246803          Jose Mario Chavez v.    Harris County-281st
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Civil District Court
    Maersk Line,         201025981          Charles Curtis Leon v.
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         2023-01487         David Kendrick v.       Harris County-127th        1/9/2023     1/9/2024
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Civil District Court
    Maersk Line,         201764133          Eberto Castro v.        Harris County-152nd       9/27/2017   11/15/2018
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Civil District Court
    Maersk Line,         200935336          Antonio Garcia v.
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         200957502          Sheldon Greenberg v.
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         200826963          Albert Henry v. Maersk
     Limited                                 Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         200926129          Richard E. Hicks v.
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         201409676          Julius Obilana v.       Harris County-295th       2/25/2014     7/7/2015
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Civil District Court
    Maersk Line,         202181859          Kenneth E. Benton v.    Harris County-281st
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Civil District Court
    Maersk Line,         200773458          Eleazar Lozano, Jr. v.
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         200336307          Port Terminal Railroad
     Limited                                 Authority v. Maersk
                                             Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         200980308          Reginald Watkins v.
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         200964336          Miguel Ruiz v. Maersk
     Limited                                 Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         201374042          Sandra Magee v. Maersk
     Limited                                 Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         202018231/         Sulesooay Streete, Jr.  Victoria Couty-267th       6/5/2020   10/25/2021
     Limited             20-06-85855-X       v. Maersk Line,         District Court
                                             Limited
    Maersk Line,         202275527          Tesfaye Gebregziabher   Harris County-215th       11/6/2022     8/1/2024
     Limited                                 v. Maersk Line,         Civil District Court
                                             Limited
    Maersk Line,         201772879          Timothy Brock v.        Harris County-125th      10/27/2017    12/4/2018
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Civil District Court
    Maersk Line,         2017DCV-5064-B     Darryl Alexander v.
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         2020-139           Tanos Energy et al v.
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         202257584          Ehimarey Okpere v.      Harris County-133rd        9/9/2022   11/14/2024
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Civil District Court

                                                     NEW YORK CASES

                                                                                                             Date
         Party Name         Case Number           Case Title                 Court          Date  Filed     Closed

    Maersk Line,         101020/2008        Michael Gaciala v.      New York County            4/2/2009   12/18/2009
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Supreme Court
    Maersk Line,         153124/2012        Gabriel Albino v.       New York County           5/25/2012      Pre-RJI
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Supreme Court                            Status
    Maersk Line,         153125/2012        William Richards v.     New York County           5/25/2012      Pre-RJI
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Supreme Court                            Status
    Maersk Line,         153126/2012        Mohamed Soliman v.      New York County           5/25/2012      Pre-RJI
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Supreme Court                            Status
    Maersk Line,         190284/2022        Keith Collins & Liz     New York County          12/13/2022      Pre-RJI
     Limited                                 Collins v. Maersk       Supreme Court                            Status
                                             Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         190298/2014        Willard E. Bartel v.    New York County           8/29/2014       Active
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Supreme Court
    Maersk Line,         190303/2014        Willard E. Bartel v.    New York County           8/29/2014       Active
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Supreme Court
    Maersk Line,         190307/2014        Willard E. Bartel v.    New York County           8/29/2014       Active
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Supreme Court
    Maersk Line,         190350/2013        Rita Mae Perkins v.     New York County           9/27/2013      Pre-RJI
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Supreme Court                            Status
    Maersk Line,         190506/2012        Armando Giachin et al   New York County          10/22/2012    10/8/2014
     Limited                                 v. Maersk Line,         Supreme Court
                                             Limited
    Maersk Line,         24180/2013E        Miguel Guity v. Maersk  Bronx County Supreme      11/6/2013    5/22/2018
     Limited             (0024180/2013)      Line, Limited           Court
    Maersk Line,         452742/2014        Raphael James v.        New York County          11/14/2014     6/7/2017
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Supreme Court
    Maersk Line,         607663/2022        Hope Hicks v. Maersk    Nassau County Supreme     6/14/2022   11/14/2022
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Court
    Maersk Line,         607767/2022        Midshipman-Y v. Maersk  Nassau County Supreme     6/15/2022   11/23/2022
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Court
    Maersk Line,         0004569/2003       Abdullah Saeed v.       Kings Supreme Court       5/22/2003    7/28/2004
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         0029826/2007       Kathleen Dunn & Howard  Kings Supreme Court       1/23/2008    2/23/2010
     Limited                                 Dunn v. Maersk Line,
                                             Limited
    Maersk Line,         0301110/2007       Joseph Archer v.        Bronx Supreme Court       3/13/2008    5/16/2012
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         0302580/2009       Francisco Diego v.      Bronx Supreme Court        8/3/2009     8/4/2011
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         0003775/2010       Christopher T. Hale v.  Nassau County Supreme     2/25/2010     1/3/2011
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Court
    Maersk Line,         102991/2011        Michael McCright v.     New York County            6/8/2012    7/25/2013
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Supreme Court
    Maersk Line,         10318/2012         Shastri Mullahoo v.     Queens Supreme Court      7/16/2012     4/7/2014
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         190336/2016        Willard E. Bartel v.    New York County           11/3/2016       Active
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Supreme Court

                                                  SOUTH CAROLINA CASES

                                                                                                             Date
         Party Name         Case Number           Case Title                 Court          Date  Filed     Closed

    Maersk Line,         2005CP1003594      Altec Industries Inc    Charleston Circuit         9/2/2005    1/10/2006
     Limited                                 Etc et al v. Maersk     Court
                                             Line, Limited

                                                     VIRGINIA CASES

                                                                                                             Date
         Party Name         Case Number           Case Title                 Court          Date  Filed     Closed

    Maersk Line,         CL16002434-00      Karen Annette Reyes v.  Norfolk Circuit Court      3/3/2016    5/10/2013
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL03001141-00      William Wright v.       Norfolk Circuit Court     5/12/2003     6/4/2003
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL05000899-00      Roslyn N. Brooks v.     Norfolk Circuit Court     4/22/2005    7/22/2005
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL05000899-01      Roslyn N. Brooks v.     Norfolk Circuit Court    10/27/2005     8/8/2007
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL06002919-00      Alphonso A. Clements    Norfolk Circuit Court     5/26/2006    6/30/2006
     Limited                                 v. Maersk Line,
                                             Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL06002919-01      Alphonso A. Clements    Norfolk Circuit Court    10/23/2006    4/16/2007
     Limited                                 v. Maersk Line,
                                             Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL06004876-00      Maersk Line, Limited    Norfolk Circuit Court     9/14/2006     1/4/2007
     Limited                                 v. York-Mahar Inc
    Maersk Line,         CL07004158-00      Mark Hoffler v. Maersk  Norfolk Circuit Court     7/10/2007    9/15/2008
     Limited                                 Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL08001371-00      Maersk Line, Limited    Norfolk Circuit Court     2/29/2008    3/24/2010
     Limited                                 v. York-Mahar Inc
    Maersk Line,         CL12002799-00      Hector Sanchez v.       Norfolk Circuit Court      4/9/2012   11/15/2012
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL12002800-00      Mario Clotter v.        Norfolk Circuit Court      4/9/2012   11/15/2012
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL12002801-00      Miguel Ruiz v. Maersk   Norfolk Circuit Court      4/9/2012   11/15/2012
     Limited                                 Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL12002802-00      Clifford Lacon v.       Norfolk Circuit Court      4/9/2012   11/15/2012
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL12002803-00      Richard Hicks v.        Norfolk Circuit Court      4/9/2012   11/20/2012
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL12002804-00      Andrew Brzezinski v.    Norfolk Circuit Court      4/9/2012   11/15/2012
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL12002805-00      Mohamed Abdelwaham v.   Norfolk Circuit Court      4/9/2012    11/8/2012
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL12002808-00      Husain Salah v. Maersk  Norfolk Circuit Court      4/9/2012   11/15/2012
     Limited                                 Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL12002809-00      Jimmy Sabga v. Maersk   Norfolk Circuit Court      4/9/2012   11/15/2012
     Limited                                 Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL17006906-00      Ramon Sanchez Castillo  Norfolk Circuit Court     6/16/2017    11/3/2021
     Limited                                 v. Maersk Line,
                                             Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL21014539-00      Terry L. Franklin v.    Norfolk Circuit Court    11/30/2021     2/8/2023
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL22005545-00      Herbert Hyde v. Maersk  Norfolk Circuit Court     4/29/2022    3/27/2023
     Limited                                 Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL22006722-00      D'Andre Turner v.       Norfolk Circuit Court     5/26/2022     9/7/2022
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL08003825-00      Denise Russell v.       Norfolk Circuit Court     6/16/2008    5/26/2009
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL07002958-00      Denise Russell v.       Norfolk Circuit Court     5/15/2007    5/15/2008
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL98001501-00      Richard C. Sequist v.   Norfolk Circuit Court     6/11/1998     8/9/1999
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL12001616-00      ATM Reza v. Maersk      Norfolk Circuit Court     2/28/2012   11/15/2012
     Limited                                 Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL12001617-00      John Cronan v. Maersk   Norfolk Circuit Court     2/28/2012   11/15/2012
     Limited                                 Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL17011063-00      Randy L. Bowman v.      Norfolk Circuit Court     9/29/2017     4/9/2019
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL19004751-00      Kenneth C. Sumner v.    Norfolk Circuit Court     5/20/2019   10/14/2021
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL19006610-00      Samuel Garrett v.       Norfolk Circuit Court     6/27/2019   12/22/2021
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL20001300-00      Allan D. Bombita v.     Norfolk Circuit Court     1/30/2020    6/24/2021
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL20010003-00      David James v. Maersk   Norfolk Circuit Court    11/16/2020    4/12/2023
     Limited                                 Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL21002890-00      Selina s. Vaughan v.    Norfolk Circuit Court     3/11/2021     2/4/2022
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL21009330-00      Allan D. Bombita v.     Norfolk Circuit Court     8/27/2021    2/16/2022
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL21012747-00      Philip Parisi v.        Norfolk Circuit Court    10/20/2021   11/10/2022
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL22014560-00      Shawn Hughley v.        Norfolk Circuit Court    10/26/2022    12/1/2023
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL23006096-00      Elias Bonefont v.       Norfolk Circuit Court     4/21/2023   10/16/2023
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL24006953-00      Merley Ford v. Maersk   Norfolk Circuit Court     6/24/2024       Active
     Limited                                 Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL97002718-00      John H. Batson v.       Norfolk Circuit Court     8/11/1997    8/18/1999
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited
    Maersk Line,         CL11002579-00      Marvin Porter v.        Portsmouth Circuit        8/22/2011     1/3/2013
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Court
    Maersk Line,         CL05000112-00      Jeffrey L. Mayberry v.  Portsmouth Circuit        1/25/2005    1/20/2006
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Court
    Maersk Line,         CL09000576-00      Christopher T. Hale v.  Portsmouth Circuit         3/5/2009     5/2/2011
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Court
    Maersk Line,         CL09000576-01      Christopher T. Hale v.  Portsmouth Circuit        2/24/2014    2/18/2016
     Limited                                 Maersk Line, Limited    Court
    Maersk Line,         CL96002273-00      Donald Sneed v. Maersk  Portsmouth Circuit       11/26/1996    2/20/1998
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Court
    Maersk Line,         CL97001011-00      John Batson v. Maersk   Portsmouth Circuit         6/9/1997    7/25/1997
     Limited                                 Line, Limited           Court

                                     ______

      Addendum to the questionnaire submitted to the Senate Committee on
       Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 119th Congress by Stephen
                                    Carmel.
        Upon further review, I have identified additional information that
    is responsive to multiple questions on the Committee's questionnaire.
    The information is disclosed below and separated by question.
        For Part A, Question 8, please find the following employment date
    adjustments:

       President, U.S. Marine Management*** (2023-Present)

       Various positions, Maersk Line Limited (1990-2023)

         Senior Vice President, U.S. Marine Management (1997-
                2023)

         Member, Board of Directors (1997-2005)

         Vice President of Finance, U.S. Marine Management
                (1995-1997)

         Program Manager, U.S. Marine Management (1990-1995)

       Master, Marine Overseas Corp. (1985-1990)

       Ship Officer, Military Sealift Command U.S. Navy (1979-1985)

        ***In 2023, U.S. Marine Management was a division of Maersk Line
    Limited, but was spun off in 2023.
        Note: All positions listed were/are managerial.
        For Part A, Question 11, please find the following additional
    memberships:

       Member, Yorktown Institute Advisory Board (2020-Present)

       American Bureau of Shipping (2005-Present)

       Naval Studies Board, National Academies of Science (2016 -
            2021)

       Marine Board, National Academies of Sciences (2009-2014)

       Hydrographic Services Review Panel, NOAA (2009-2014)

       Chief of Naval Operations Executive Panel (N00K) (2004-2016)

        For Part A, Question 17 please find the following additional
    authored content:

       A Commercial Approach to Sea Basing-Afloat Forward Staging
            Bases, US Naval Institute (2004)

       Transformation Implications of Sea Basing for Commercial
            Shipping, Defense Transportation Journal (2004) (no hyperlink
            or digital copy found)

       Study of Parametric Rolling Event on a Panamax Container
            Vessel, Transportation Research Record Journal of the
            Transportation Research Board (2006)

       Fighting Piracy and Protecting National Interests, George
            Washington University Homeland Security Policy Institute (2009)

       The Big Myth of Somali Pirates, U.S. Naval Institute (2010)

       The Cold, Hard Realities of Arctic Shipping, U.S. Naval
            Institute (2013)

       Globalization, Security, and Economic Well-Being, Naval War
            College Review (2013)

       Arctic Force Structure: What an Arctic Fleet Might Look
            Like, Hoover Institute (2014)

       The U.S. Navy Needs Tankers: A Crisis in Capability,
            GCaptain (2023)

       Contagion in the Transpacific Shipping Network:
            International Networks and Vulnerability Interdependence,
            International Interactions (2023)

       It's Not Just DeepSeek China is After, RealClear Defense
            (2025)

        For Part A, Question 18, please find additional presentations and
    panel discussions

       Presentation: Global Interdependence, Vulnerability, and
            Terrorism: Simulating the Containership Shipping Network,
            Annual Convention of the International Studies Association
            (2008) (no digital copy or hyperlink available)

       Presentation: Maritime Security Challenges, 4th Maritime
            Security Challenges Conference (2010)

       Panel: Transportation Research Board, Safe Navigation in the
            U.S. Arctic, Breakout Group on Shipping Operations/Traffic
            Regulation Schemes (2012) (no digital copy or hyperlink found)

       Presentation: Maritime Security, Globalization and Navy
            Strategy, NWDC Speaker Series (2012)

       Presentation: The Uncertainty of the ``Made In'' Label in
            Today's Global Economy, Volpe National Transportation Systems
            Center (2012) (no digital copy or hyperlink found)

       Panel: The Arctic on the Agenda Forum 2013 Conference,
            Arctic Forum Foundation (2013)

       Panel: America's Arctic Economic Ambitions: Opportunities
            and Limitations, Center for Strategic & International Studies
            (2017)

       Panel: The Supply Chain Crisis 2.0, Baltimore Council on
            Foreign Affairs (2022)

        For Part A, Question 19, please find the following additional
    public statements:

       Maersk Backs Away from U.S. Military Contracts, GCaptian
            (2023)

       Why the U.S. Military Has to Hitch a Ride on Commercial
            Ships, Wall Street Journal (2024)

        For Part C, Question 3, please find the following additional cases
    for disclosure:

       U.S. Coast Guard Fine Maersk Line Limited $10k for Violating
            46 USC Sec. 10104 (2010)

       Maersk Line to Pay $31.9 Million to Resolve False Claims
            Allegations for Inflated Shipping Costs to Military in
            Afghanistan and Iraq, U.S. Department of Justice (2012)

       Maersk Line Limited Settles Alleged Contract Fraud for $8.7
            Million, Southern District of Illinois (2014)

       U.S. Department of Labor Finds Maersk Line Limited
            Retaliated Against Seaman who Reported Safety Concerns to U.S.
            Coast Guard, U.S. Department of Labor (2023)

        Chairman Cruz. Thank you. I now recognize Ms. DiBella for
    her opening.

    STATEMENT OF LAURA DiBELLA, NOMINEE TO BE A COMMISSIONER, U.S.
                      FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION

        Ms. DiBella. Chair Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and
    members of the Committee, good morning and thank you for the
    opportunity to appear here before you today as a nominee to be
    Commissioner of the Federal Maritime Commission. A sincere
    thank you, as well, for the courtesies that your staff extended
    to me throughout the nomination process.
        I would like to recognize FMC Commissioners Dye, Maffei,
    and Vekich, and thank them for being here in supportive
    attendance. And most importantly, I would like to thank
    President Trump for nominating me for this most important role.
        It is with great pleasure, humility, and honor to be
    nominated for this position as well as a homecoming of sorts to
    the maritime industry for me. In 2017, while spearheading local
    economic development in Nassau County, Florida, I was
    approached to wear a second hat and stand in temporarily as
    Port Director at the Port of Fernandina, a small and often
    overlooked seaport surrounded by renown juggernauts named
    JAXPORT and the Port of Savannah. The port was going through a
    rough transition and had little resources to spare for a
    qualified Port Director. I knew very little about ports back
    then, except for the fact that they were vital economic engines
    to a region and state, and because of that, and without
    hesitation and compensation, I willingly took on the role.
        Little did I know at the time that the decision to support
    the port was one that would change the trajectory of my life
    and career forever. What began as a temporary assignment
    resulted in a two and a half year journey that put me at ground
    zero of seaport operations, port authority governance, and the
    integration of a port within the economic development space and
    overall supply chain network. The knowledge I gained while
    serving dual roles greatly enhanced my economic development
    capabilities and afforded me the opportunity to form lasting
    relationships with past and present, and hopefully future,
    members of the Maritime Administration team and that of the
    maritime community at large.
        In the fall of 2019, I was approached about the Executive
    Director role for the Florida Harbor Pilots Association, a
    full-time position that never existed in the organization's
    150-plus year history, that put the livelihoods of Florida's
    nearly 100 harbor pilots in my hands. I dove headfirst into the
    job and learned at the most intimate level about an aspect of
    the maritime industry that very few outsiders have the
    privilege of seeing.
        Before long, we were met with the COVID-19 pandemic
    shutdown, which dealt a massive blow to Florida as the self-
    proclaimed ``Cruise Capital of the World,'' with the cessation
    of cruise activity for nearly a year and a half and resulting
    supply chain crisis which upended their world and exposed every
    element of the fragile transportation network that we rely upon
    day in and day out.
        If that wasn't enough, we were also heavily engaged in
    blocking a potentially precedent-setting citizens' initiative
    at the Port of Key West that could have had broad implications
    around the restriction of cargo across other seaports around
    the country and world. The measure served as a stark reminder
    that ports, although local in nature, are truly global in
    principle and must be viewed and protected as such.
        In the summer of 2022, I was appointed Secretary of
    Commerce of Florida along with President and CEO of Enterprise
    Florida and entrusted with maintaining and growing what was
    then the state's $1.5 trillion economy, and once again had the
    pleasure of working with all 16 of Florida's seaports in a
    larger economic development capacity. As the third-largest
    state in the Nation and 16th-largest economy in the world, it
    was then that I also engaged heavily in international trade
    discussions with key trading partners around the globe as well
    as economic development efforts involving the newest mode of
    transportation to intersect with maritime, which is the
    incredibly exciting space industry.
        I say all of this in the hopes to demonstrate not only my
    hands-on experience, knowledge, and unique perspective of the
    maritime space, but also my sincere passion and commitment to
    the industry. If my past superiors had enough faith in me not
    only to do the job at hand but do it well, I hope so can you.
    More than anything, however, I hope my past shows just how
    dedicated I am to the economic and security interests of this
    great country.
        If I am confirmed as a Commissioner of the FMC, I will
    uphold the statutory directives of the Ocean Shipping Reform
    Act of 2022 and ensure that the economic and homeland security
    needs of our country are always at the forefront of every
    discussion. I promise to be fair-minded and objective when
    collaborating with my fellow Commissioners and FMC staff to
    positively contribute to the FMC's vital and growing mission. I
    will work to eliminate unfair shipping practices by foreign
    governments and do everything in my power to guarantee that
    shippers, common carriers, ocean transport intermediaries, and
    ports regulated by the FMC are provided with a fair market
    environment in which to operate.
        Thank you again for the honor and privilege to sit before
    you today and for your hopeful support. I look forward to
    working with all of you.
        [The prepared statement and biographical information of Ms.
    DiBella follow:]

      Prepared Statement of Laura DiBella, Nominee to be a Commissioner,
                        U.S. Federal Maritime Commission
        Chair Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and members of the Committee,
    good morning and thank you for the opportunity to appear here before
    you today as a nominee to be Commissioner of the Federal Maritime
    Commission (FMC).
        A sincere thank you as well as for the courtesies that your staff
    extended to me throughout the nomination process. I would like to
    recognize FMC Commissioners, Dye, Maffei, and Vekich and thank them for
    being here in supportive attendance. And most importantly, I would like
    to thank President Trump for nominating me for this most important
    role.
        It is with great pleasure, humility, and honor to be nominated for
    this position as well as a homecoming of sorts to the maritime industry
    for me. In 2017, while spearheading local economic development in
    Nassau County, Florida, I was approached to wear a second hat and stand
    in temporarily as Port Director at the Port of Fernandina, Ocean
    Highway and Port Authority of Nassau County, a small and often
    overlooked seaport surrounded by renown juggernauts named JAXPORT, Port
    of Brunswick, and Port of Savannah. The port was going through a rough
    transition with its sole terminal operator and had little resources to
    spare for a qualified Port Director. I knew very little about ports
    back then, except for the fact that they were vital economic engines to
    a region and state, and because of that, and without hesitation and
    compensation, I willingly took on the role.
        Little did I know at the time that the decision to support the port
    was one that would change the trajectory of my life and career forever.
    What began as a temporary assignment resulted in a two-and-a-half-year
    journey that put me at ground zero of seaport operations, port
    authority governance, and the integration of a port within the economic
    development space and overall supply chain network. The knowledge I
    gained while serving dual roles greatly enhanced my economic
    development capabilities and afforded me the opportunity to form
    lasting relationships with past and present members of the maritime
    administration team and that of the maritime community at large.
        In the fall of 2019, I was approached about the Executive Director
    role for the Florida Harbor Pilots Association, a full-time position
    that never existed in the organization's 150+ year history, that that
    put the livelihoods of Florida's nearly 100 harbor pilots in my hands.
    I dove headfirst into the job and learned at the most intimate level
    about an aspect of the maritime industry that very few outsiders have
    the privilege of seeing. Before long, we were met with the COVID-19
    pandemic shutdown, which dealt a massive blow to Florida as the self-
    proclaimed ``Cruise Capital of the World'' with the cessation of cruise
    activity for nearly a year and a half and resulting supply chain crisis
    which upended their world and exposed every element of the fragile
    transportation framework that we rely upon day in and day out.
        If that wasn't enough, we were also heavily engaged in blocking a
    potentially precedent setting citizens' initiative at the Port of Key
    West that could have had broad implications around the restriction of
    cargo across other seaports around the country and world. The measure
    served as a stark reminder that ports, although local in nature, are
    truly global in principle and must be viewed and protected as such.
        In the summer of 2022, I was appointed Secretary of Commerce of
    Florida along with President and CEO of Enterprise Florida and
    entrusted with maintaining and growing what was then the state's $1.5
    trillion economy, and once again had the pleasure of working with all
    16 of Florida's seaports in a larger economic development capacity. As
    the third largest state in the nation and 16th largest economy in the
    world, it was then that I also engaged heavily in international trade
    discussions with key trading partners around the globe as well as
    economic development efforts involving the newest mode of
    transportation to intersect with maritime, which is the incredibly
    exciting space industry.
        I say all of this in the hopes to demonstrate not only my hands on
    experience, knowledge, and unique perspective of the maritime space,
    but also my sincere passion and commitment to the industry. If all my
    past superiors had enough faith in me not only to do the job at hand,
    but do it well, I hope so can you. More than anything, however, I hope
    my past shows just how dedicated I am to the economic and security
    interests of this great country.
        If I am confirmed as a Commissioner of the FMC, I will uphold the
    statutory directives of the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 2022 and
    ensure that the economic and homeland security needs of our country are
    always at the forefront of every discussion. I promise to be fair-
    minded and objective when collaborating with my fellow Commissioners
    and FMC staff to positively contribute to the FMC's vital and growing
    mission. I will work to eliminate unfair shipping practices by foreign
    governments and do everything in my power to guarantee that shippers,
    common carriers, ocean transportation intermediaries, and ports
    regulated by the FMC are provided with a fair market environment in
    which to operate.
        Thank you again for the honor and privilege to sit before you today
    and for your hopeful support. I look forward to working with all of
    you.
                                     ______

                          a. biographical information
        1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): Laura Maria
    DiBella.
        2. Position to which nominated: Commissioner, Federal Maritime
    Commission.
        3. Date of Nomination: September 3, 2025.
        4. Address (List current place of residence and office addresses):

            Residence: Information not released to the public.
            Office: Information not provided.

        5. Date and Place of Birth: Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
        6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your
    spouse (if married) or domestic partner, and the names and ages of your
    children (including stepchildren and children by a previous marriage).

            I am divorced. I have two stepdaughters: Jacqueline Healy, age
            28, and Lillian Healy, age 24.

        7. List all college and graduate schools attended, whether or not
    you were granted a degree by the institution. Provide the name of the
    institution, the dates attended, the degree received, and the date of
    the degree.

            University of Florida, 1997-2001, B.S., Human Resource
            Management (with an outside concentration in Business
            Administration), awarded May 2001

        8. List all post-undergraduate employment, including the job title,
    name of employer, and inclusive dates of employment, and highlight all
    management-level jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to
    the position for which you are nominated.

        * denotes management-level jobs and non-managerial jobs that relate
    to the position for which I have been nominated.

            02/2024 to present: Government Affairs Advisor, Adams & Reese
            LLP*

            08/2020 to present: President/CEO/Broker, CONN LLC, CONN
            Florida LLC dba Laura DiBella Real Estate

            07/2004 to present: President/CEO, LDB Marketing, Inc.

            11/2023-2/2024: President of Business Development,
            FloridaCommerce/Select Florida*

            07/2022-11/2023: Secretary of Commerce/President/CEO,
            Enterprise Florida, Florida Opportunity Fund*

            11/2019-7/2022: Executive Director, Florida Harbor Pilots
            Association*

            05/2017-11/2019: Port Director, Port of Fernandina--Ocean
            Highway and Port Authority of Nassau County*

            10/2014-11/2019: Executive Director, Nassau County Economic
            Development Board*

            09/2009-09/2014: Director of Sales and Leasing, Florida Medical
            Space

            05/2001-09/2014: Sales and Marketing Representative, Enviro
            Technologies, Inc.*

            09/2006-09/2009: Sales Associate, Holly Real Estate

            08/2002-08/2006: Co-Founder, Image Marketing & Special Events,
            Inc.

            01/2002-08/2006: Sales Associate, Coldwell Banker Real Estate

        9. Attach a copy of your resume.
        See Attachment A.
        10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time
    service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other
    than those listed above after 18 years of age.

       Present: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
            (NOAA) Industry Advisory Committee Member, ``The Continuum''
            Enterprise Accelerator

       Present: Co-Chair of FDOT Florida Freight Advisory Committee

       Present: University of Florida, Florida Semiconductor
            Institute (FSI) Stakeholder Advisory Board

       Present: University of Florida I-STREET Advisory Board
            Member

       Former: Vice Chair of Florida State College at Jacksonville
            District Board of Trustees

       Former: Volunteer as a certified guardian in Florida's 2nd
            Judicial Circuit Guardian ad Litem Program

        11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee,
    partner, proprietor, agent, representative, or consultant of any
    corporation, company, firm, partnership, or other business, enterprise,
    educational, or other institution.

            08/2020 to present: President/CEO/Broker, CONN LLC, CONN
            Florida LLC dba Laura DiBella Real Estate

            07/2004 to present: President/CEO, LDB Marketing, Inc.

            07/2022-11/2023: Secretary of Commerce/President/CEO,
            Enterprise Florida, Florida Opportunity Fund

            03/2018-01/2023: Vice Chair of Florida State College at
            Jacksonville District Board of Trustees

            11/2019-07/2022: Executive Director, Florida Harbor Pilots
            Association

            05/2017-11/2019: Port Director, Port of Fernandina--Ocean
            Highway and Port Authority of Nassau County

            10/2014-11/2019: Executive Director, Nassau County Economic
            Development Board

            08/2002-08/2006: Co-Founder, Image Marketing & Special Events,
            Inc.

            01/2002-08/2006: Sales Associate, Coldwell Banker Real Estate

        12. List all memberships you have had after 18 years of age or
    currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational,
    political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religiously
    affiliated organization, private club, or other membership organization
    (You do not have to list your religious affiliation or membership in a
    religious house of worship or institution). Include dates of membership
    and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note
    whether any such club or organization restricts membership on the basis
    of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.

            07/2022 to present: Member, Economic Club of Florida

            01/2020 to present: Member, Governors Club of Tallahassee

            11/2011-12/2013: Member, Gate Governors Club

            11/2011-12/2013: Member, TPC Sawgrass

            11/2011-12/2013: Member, Sawgrass Country Club

            11/2011-12/2013: Member, Marsh Landing Country Club

            11/2011-12/2013: Member, Jacksonville Chamber of Commerce

        13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office
    (elected, non-elected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any
    campaign has any outstanding debt, the amount, and whether you are
    personally liable for that debt.

            03/2021 to present: Appointee, Co-Chair of FDOT Florida Freight
            Advisory Committee (no outstanding debt)

            07/2022-11/2023: Appointee, Secretary of Commerce/President/
            CEO, Enterprise Florida, Florida Opportunity Fund (not liable
            for debt post separation)

            03/2018-01/2023: Appointee, Former Vice Chair of Florida State
            College at Jacksonville District Board of Trustees (not liable
            for debt post separation)

            05/2017-11/2019: Appointee, Former Port Director, Port of
            Fernandina--Ocean Highway and Port Authority of Nassau County
            (not liable for debt post separation)

        14. List all memberships and offices held with and services
    rendered to, whether compensated or not, any political party or
    election committee within the past ten years. If you have held a paid
    position or served in a formal or official advisory position (whether
    compensated or not) in a political campaign within the past ten years,
    identify the particulars of the campaign, including the candidate, year
    of the campaign, and your title and responsibilities. Not Applicable.
        15. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign
    organization, political party, political action committee, or similar
    entity of $200 or more for the past ten years. Not Applicable.
        16. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary
    society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition
    for outstanding service or achievements. Not Applicable.
        17. List all books, articles, columns, letters to the editor,
    Internet blog postings, or other publications you have authored,
    individually or with others. Include a link to each publication when
    possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the
    publication when available.
        Below is an article I was asked to write for the Harvard Kennedy
    School Taubman Center for State and Local Government after speaking
    with the students about pursuing a career in economic development.

            Part-Time Economic Developer and Conductor--How Growing an
            Economy Can Resemble Leading an Orchestra | Harvard Kennedy
            School
        18. List all speeches, panel discussions, and presentations (e.g.,
    PowerPoint) that you have given on topics relevant to the position for
    which you have been nominated. Include a link to each publication when
    possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the
    speech or presentation when available.

       CoMotion MIAMI '23--Keynote by Laura DiBella, President &
            CEO, Enterprise Florida

       Taking Action For A Resilient Global Supply Chain--YouTube

        19. List all public statements you have made during the past ten
    years, including statements in news articles and radio and podcasts and
    television appearances, which are on topics relevant to the position
    for which you have been nominated, including dates. Include a link to
    each statement when possible. If a link is not available, provide a
    digital copy of the statement when available.
       I am a regular guest on the Ed Dean Morning Show, a
            conservative talk radio show that is the number one syndicated
            show in Florida. I am the resident expert on Florida's economy
            and economic development matters that impact the state. I have
            appeared as a guest on the show on: November 14, 2024; January
            21, 2025; February 13, 2025; February 27, 2025; March 4, 2025;
            March 13, 2025; March 24, 2025; April 3, 2025; April 9, 2025;
            April 29, 2025; May 8, 2025; May 15, 2025; June 2, 2025; June
            30, 2025; July 21, 2025; July 30, 2025; and August 12, 2025.

       Revitalizing Shipbuilding and the Blue Economy with Laura
            DiBella | Yachting USA

       Business of Maritime: Laura DiBella on Port Operations,
            Industry Challenges & Growth | YACHTING USA

       Port Perspectives--Laura DiBella, Adams & Reese

       Ep.141 Boosting Business: Unveiling Florida's Blueprint for
            Technology & Leadership Innovation

       Engaging with Maritime & Economics Expert, Laura DiBella

       Logistics of seaports and spaceports with NASA and FHPA

       Revitalizing Shipbuilding and the Blue Economy with Laura
            DiBella | Yachting USA

       Business of Maritime: Laura DiBella on Port Operations,
            Industry Challenges & Growth | YACHTING USA

       Port Perspectives--Laura DiBella, Adams & Reese

       Engaging with Maritime & Economics Expert, Laura DiBella

       Logistics of seaports and spaceports with NASA and FHPA

        20. List all digital platforms (including social media and other
    digital content sites) on which you currently or have formerly operated
    an account, regardless of whether or not the account was held in your
    name or an alias. Include the full name of an ``alias'' or ``handle'',
    including the complete URL and username with hyperlinks, you have used
    on each of the named platforms. Indicate whether the account is active,
    deleted, or dormant. Include a link to each account if possible.

            LinkedIn (active): www.linkedin.com/in/lauradibella

            Facebook (active): https://www.facebook.com/laura.dibella

            Twitter (active): Laura DiBella (@FollowMeToFL)/X

            Twitter (dormant): Laura DiBella (@thelauradibella)/X

            Instagram (active): Laura DiBella (@followmetofl)
            Instagram photos and videos

            Instagram (dormant): LDB (@thelauradibella)  Instagram
            photos and videos

            Truth Social (dormant): lauradibella (@lauradibella) | Truth
            Social

        21. Identify each instance in which you have testified orally or in
    writing before Congress in a governmental or non-governmental capacity
    and specify the date, committee, and subject matter of each testimony.
    Not Applicable.
        22. Given the current mission, major programs, and major
    operational objectives of the Federal Maritime Commission, what in your
    background or employment experience do you believe affirmatively
    qualifies you for appointment to the position for which you have been
    nominated, and why do you wish to serve in that position?
        I believe that my background and employment experience
    affirmatively qualifies me for appointment to the Commission because I
    have first-hand experience with the major drivers of the economy, which
    include land, air, and maritime transportation, and the way these modes
    intersect. I have been both an on-the-ground practitioner and a leader
    in the economic development and maritime spaces at both the local and
    state level. I understand how crucial it is to make every cog in the
    supply chain wheel not only work but work in a very efficient manner.
        I wish to serve in this position because I love the maritime
    industry and believe that it is very misunderstood and, therefore, in a
    way inadvertently unappreciated. I have always said that economic
    development would not exist in the absence of seaport activity because
    there are not enough planes, trains, or automobiles to move the vast
    quantity of cargo that is transported over water. With this
    appointment, I hope to play a part in helping reframe the U.S. economic
    revival around the central need for maritime dominance.
        23. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to
    ensure that the Federal Maritime Commission has proper management and
    accounting controls, and what experience do you have in managing a
    large organization?
        I believe my responsibilities, if confirmed, to ensure that the
    Federal Maritime Commission has proper management and accounting
    controls is paramount to carry out our mission and, most importantly,
    that of the President. I have held several leadership roles of
    differing capacities and my time as Secretary of Commerce/President and
    CEO of Enterprise Florida was the largest organization I have managed
    to date, with 78 FTE employees and $21.8 million budget. Florida is the
    third largest state in the Nation and roughly the 15th largest economy
    in the world at $1.76 trillion GDP at present. Putting the above in
    perspective against our competitive states with much larger budgets
    (California with the first largest budget, and Texas with the second
    largest budget), running a very successful statewide economic
    development organization with a total budget (including salaries) of
    $21.8 million meant that we had to be lean and mean and a very
    efficient, well-oiled machine. I consider myself a servant leader and
    lead by example while fostering an honest, healthy, open,
    collaborative, driven, and winning environment where accountability,
    passion, integrity, and purpose at all levels reigns supreme.
        24. What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the
    Federal Maritime Commission, and why?
        The top three challenges facing the Federal Maritime Commission
    today are, first, maritime choke points around the world, of which
    there are many. The areas of highest concern in today's global climate
    would include the Strait of Hormuz, Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, Strait of
    Malacca, Suez Canal, Panama Canal, Strait of Gibraltar, the English
    Channel, and I would also include the Bering Strait. With 90 percent of
    global trade transiting by sea, the use of efficient and well-
    positioned maritime shipping lanes is essential to reduce transport
    costs and also, very importantly, allow for the safe passage of
    warships. In line with the choke points, are growing concerns about
    restrictions on, and attacks against, certain U.S. and international
    vessel traffic at global seaports for ideological reasons. It is of
    great importance to note that actions restricting the free flow of
    American goods for ideological reasons can disrupt our global supply
    chains and lead to significantly negative economic consequences. The
    targeted attacks on commercial vessels by non-state actors like the
    Houthis in the Red Sea are a prime example of this. These attacks have
    significantly disrupted global trade by forcing shipping companies to
    reroute vessels. There have also been significant threats to critical
    infrastructure, like undersea pipelines and data cables, creating
    additional political pressure and disrupting services by attacking
    critical infrastructure at sea.
        Second, flags of convenience (FOC) pose a challenge to general
    maritime safety protocols from both the commercial and mariner
    perspectives, and unfortunately best practices can be very difficult to
    enforce. FOC's refers to open registries allowing a shipowner to
    register a vessel in a country other than the one in which the owner is
    based. This is done to take advantage of lower costs and lax
    regulations, which creates numerous issues related to safety, labor,
    and environmental protection. The use of FOC's allows shipowners to
    operate with minimal oversight and accountability. This practice is
    linked to illicit activities and creates or worsens negative
    consequences for global supply chains and critical infrastructure. Key
    issues associated with flags of convenience include the exploitation of
    labor with numerous safety risks to seafarers, which only further
    damages the reputation of the maritime industry from a recruitment
    standpoint. FOC registries are often criticized for minimal oversight
    and for allowing substandard vessel maintenance and safety practices,
    which put crews and the environment at risk. They also can allow
    shipowners to remain legally anonymous through the use of shell
    companies, complicating accountability for crimes or environmental
    violations like illegal trafficking of drugs and arms, human
    trafficking, and sanctions evasion. The use of FOCs contributes to the
    formation of ``shadow fleets,'' whose owners hide their identities and
    use deceptive practices to circumvent international sanctions.
        Lastly, the climate change framework brought forth by the
    International Maritime Organization (IMO) and other measures aimed at
    reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the global shipping industry has
    been a tightening noose around the neck of the maritime industry for
    quite some time. Measures like these would not only increase costs for
    Americans; they also threaten to reduce the efficient movement of
    vessels, further complicating the operations of the global supply
    chain.
                       b. potential conflicts of interest
        1. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation
    agreements, and other continuing dealings with business associates,
    clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement
    accounts, such as a 401(k) or pension plan. Not Applicable.
        2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal,
    to maintain employment, affiliation, or practice with any business,
    association, or other organization during your appointment? If so,
    please explain. Not Applicable.
        3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other
    relationships which could involve potential conflicts of interest in
    the position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will
    resolve each potential conflict of interest. Not Applicable.
        4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial
    transaction which you have had during the last ten years, whether for
    yourself, on behalf of a client, or acting as an agent, that could in
    any way constitute or result in a possible conflict of interest in the
    position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will resolve
    each potential conflict of interest. Not Applicable.
        5. Identify any other potential conflicts of interest and explain
    how you will resolve each potential conflict of interest. Not
    Applicable.
        6. Describe any activity during the past ten years, including the
    names of clients represented, in which you have been engaged for the
    purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or
    modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and
    execution of law or public policy.

      a.  During Florida's 2021 Legislative Session, while employed with
            the Florida Harbor Pilots Association, I collaborated and
            supported the drafting, execution, and successful passing of
            Florida Senate Bill 1194 to protect Florida's ability to
            conduct international trade and welcome tourists. The Florida
            Senate Bill 1194 was signed into law on June 30, 2021.

      b.  In May 2020, while employed by the Florida Harbor Pilots
            Association, I assisted in the drafting of the U.S. Coast Guard
            Sector Mobile First-Class Licensing Policy for the Port of
            Pensacola and Pensacola Bay Pilots on Pilotage Special
            Requirements.
                                c. legal matters
        1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics,
    professional misconduct, or retaliation by, or been the subject of a
    complaint to, any court, administrative agency, the Office of Special
    Counsel, an Inspector General, professional association, disciplinary
    committee, or other professional group? If yes:

      a.  Provide the name of the court, agency, association, committee, or
            group;

      b.  Provide the date the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or
            personnel action was issued or initiated;

      c.  Describe the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or
            personnel action;

      d.  Provide the results of the citation, disciplinary action,
            complaint, or personnel action.

        No.
        2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by
    any Federal, State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal,
    State, county, municipal, or foreign government entity, other than for
    a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain. No.
        3. Have you or any business or nonprofit of which you are or were
    an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency
    proceeding, criminal proceeding, or civil litigation? If so, please
    explain. No.
        4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or nolo
    contendere) of any criminal violation other than a minor traffic
    offense? If so, please explain. No.
        5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual
    assault, sexual harassment, or discrimination on the basis of sex,
    race, religion, whistleblower activity, or any other basis? If so,
    please explain. No.
        6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information,
    favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in
    connection with your nomination. No.
                         d. relationship with committee
        1. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation complies with deadlines for information set by
    congressional committees, and that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation endeavors to timely comply with requests for information
    from individual Members of Congress, including requests from members in
    the minority?
        If confirmed, I will work with my fellow Commissioners to ensure
    that the Federal Maritime Commission complies with deadlines for
    information set by congressional committees, and that the FMC endeavors
    to timely comply with requests for information from individual Members
    of Congress, including requests from members in the minority.
        2. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation does whatever it can to protect congressional witnesses and
    whistleblowers from reprisal for their testimony and disclosures? Yes.
        3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested
    witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with
    firsthand knowledge of matters of interest to the Committee? Yes.
        4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly
    constituted committee of the Congress on such occasions as you may be
    reasonably requested to do so? Yes.
        5. Do you agree, if confirmed, to keep this Committee, its
    subcommittees, other appropriate Committees of Congress, and their
    respective staffs apprised of new information that materially impacts
    the accuracy of testimony, briefings, reports, records--including
    documents and electronic communications, and other information you or
    your organization previously provided?
        I agree, if confirmed, to keep this Committee, its subcommittees,
    other appropriate Committees of Congress, and their respective staffs
    apprised of new information that materially impacts the accuracy of
    testimony, briefings, reports, records--including documents and
    electronic communications, and other information me or my organization
    previously provided.
        6. Do you agree, if confirmed, and on request, to provide this
    Committee and its subcommittees with records and other information
    within their oversight jurisdiction, even absent a formal Committee
    request?
        I agree, if confirmed, and on request, to provide this Committee
    and its subcommittees with records and other information within their
    oversight jurisdiction, even absent a formal Committee request.
        7. Do you agree, if confirmed, to ensure that you and other members
    of your organization protect from retaliation any military member,
    Federal employee, or contractor employee who testifies before, or
    communicates with this Committee, its subcommittees, and any other
    appropriate committee of Congress?
        I agree, if confirmed, to ensure that me and other members of my
    organization protect from retaliation any military member, Federal
    employee, or contractor employee who testifies before, or communicates
    with this Committee, its subcommittees, and any other appropriate
    committee of Congress.
                                     ______

    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                                     ______

      Addendum to the questionnaire submitted to the Senate Committee on
             Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 119th Congress
        Upon further review, I have identified additional information that
    is responsive to questions C.3, E.4 and E.1 on the Committee's
    questionnaire. Please see attached Addendum.
        The undersigned certifies that the information contained in the
    public addendum is true and correct.

    Laura DiBella Addendum
    September 24, 2025

        C.3, E.4: I was a defendant in a civil lawsuit captioned American
    Express Centurion Bank v. Di Bella, Laura, Case No. 50-2009-CA-013503,
    ﬁled on 04/10/2009 in Palm Beach County, Florida regarding an
    outstanding credit card debt. This case was resolved and has been
    closed as of 12/17/2012.
                                     ______

      Addendum to the questionnaire submitted to the Senate Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 119th Congress by Laura DiBella.
        Upon further review, I have identified the following additional
    information that are responsive to questions A.8, A.15, A.18, A.19, and
    Part A, Q10 on the Committee's questionnaire. They are:

       A.8 - I am the President of an entity called Sweat Sisters
            LLC, which was created on 4/12/2013 for when I was a running
            coach. I do not coach any longer and have not for many years as
            I simply do not have the time to dedicate to the effort, so the
            entity is in effect, inactive.

       A.15--I have identified political contributions that were
            inadvertently not disclosed and are listed below. Please note
            that with the exception of the Republican Party of Florida
            contribution, the Hillary for America contribution and Nancy
            Soderberg contribution were associated with events that I had
            attended with my now ex-husband (Edmund Andrus Healy) who was a
            registered Democrat.

         12/9/2019--Republican Party of Florida, $1,050

         3/7/16--Hillary for America, $500

         9/28/12--Nancy Soderberg (FL), $500

       A.18 - My current and previous positions were very outward
            facing and therefore required me to participate in frequent
            speaking engagements. I have identified panels and other
            speaking engagements that were previously not disclosed. They
            are listed here:

         4/6/2016--Panel--Women Making the Deals CREW
                Jacksonville (no hyperlink available)

         1/18/2018--Speech--Men's Newcomers Club, Fernandina
                Beach Golf Club (no hyperlink available)

         9/16/2020--Speech--Propeller Club Port of Washington,
                DC (no hyperlink available)

         10/6/2020--Speech--Propeller Club Port of Jacksonville
                (no hyperlink available)

         11/16/2020--Speech--Propeller Club Port of
                Jacksonville (no hyperlink available)

         11/17/2020--Panel--Florida Seaports: Focused on the
                Future

         2/22/2022--Speech--Florida Harbor Pilots Association
                Annual Maritime Industry Awards Night (no hyperlink
                available)

         10/25/2022--Panel--Chamber Forum: Manufacturing,
                logistics are key to continued economic success

         3/21/2023--Speech--Beth Cicchetti of the Floria
                Economic Development Council and Laura DiBella of
                Enterprise Florida, NEBA

         4/18/2023--Speech--P3 Airport Summit Keynote (no
                hyperlink available)

         4/21/2023--Panel--eMerge

         5/19/2023--Speech--2023 Florida Supply Chain Summit

         6/13/2023--Panel--CCIM Conference (no hyperlink
                available)

         9/21/2023--Speech--LEAD Annual Dinner

         9/25/2023--Speech--Clay FL Economic Development
                Corporation Q3 2023 Presentation

         10/12/2023--Panel--Gainesville Innovation Summit 2023

         10/19/2023--Speech--LBC with Laura DiBella intro,
                Leadership Business Council

         10/25/2023--Speech--LeverX Third Annual Innovation
                Forum, Business Wire (no hyperlink available)

         11/8/2023--Panel--Taking Action For a Resilient Global
                Supply Chain, Port Miami Global Gateway World Strategic
                Forum

         1/15/2024--Speech--Taiwanese Chambers of Commerce of
                North America (no hyperlink available)

         2/16/2024--Speech--Volusia County Economic Development
                ``Q'' Breakfast

         3/22/2024--Speech--Jacksonville Venture

         4/11/2024, Speech--Port Perspectives--Laura DiBella,
                Adams & Reese, International Association of Maritime & Port
                Executives

         4/18/2024, Speech--Taubman Center, Harvard Kennedy
                School (no hyperlink available)

         9/5/2024--Panel--Israel and Miami: The U.S.
                Destination for Startup Nation, eMerge Americas

         9/11/2024--Panel--Florida Supply Chain Summit (no
                hyperlink available)

         9/18/2024--Panel--South Florida Innovation Day, Alan
                B. Levan, NSU Broward Center of innovation (no hyperlink
                available)

         10/10/2024--Panel--America Decides 2024: Elections
                Have Consequences: Harris/Walz vs. Trump/Vance,
                Transportation Club of Jacksonville (no hyperlink
                available, event was cancelled due to Hurricane Milton)

         1/31/2025--Speech--2025 Economic Forecast, Nassau
                County Economic Development Board (no hyperlink available)

       A.19--In tandem with A.18, I have made public statements
            that were previously not disclosed. They are as follows:

         4/9/2015--Article--Workspace: Laura DiBella enjoys
                bringing Nassau County to the closing table | Jax Daily
                Record

         9/2016--Article--Around the State Northeast, Looking
                up: A major development project is shifting attention north
                of Jacksonville, FloridaTrend

         1/26/2018--Article--The seeds for growth, Jacksonville
                Business Journal

         6/30/2019--Podcast--The Exciting Future of Nassau
                County: An Interview with Laura DiBella, The Miller Report

         8/12/2019--Article--https://www.postandcourier.com/
                business/charleston
                -green-gas-company-investing-in-renewable-energy/
                article_27059232-b7b7-
                11e9-9a13-e3c674363822.html

         10/31/2019--Article--https://www.bizjournals.com/
                jacksonville/news/2019/
                10/31/laura-dibella-talks-nassau-countys-struggle-to.html

         9/23/2021--Podcast--MotivationU the Podcast

         2/25/2022--Podcast--Logistics of Seaports and
                spaceports with NASA and FHPA, What the Truck?!?,
                FreightWaves

         7/24/2022--Podcast--Engaging with Maritime & Economics
                Expert, Laura DiBella, Round Table Group

         11/8/2022--Article--https://www.flgov.com/eog/news/
                press/2022/florida
                -ranks-1-nation-attracting-and-developing-skilled-
                workforce#::text=Governor
                %20Ron%20DeSantis%20announced%20this%20ranking%20as,best%20s
                tate
                %20to%20learn%2C%20work%20and%20live

         2/6/2023--Article--Enterprise Florida Board of
                Directors Confirms Laura DiBella as President and CEO,
                Florida Trend

         3/17/2023--Article--Laura DiBella: Northeast Florida
                is the right spot

         3/18/2023--Podcast--TechTables Podcast

         5/9/2023--Podcast--Synapse Summit, Synapse Podcast

         5/15/2023--Article--OPEN FOR BUSINESS: Flagler County
                welcomes new manufacturing plant for India's Vidya Herbs
                The Daytona Beach

         5/23/2023--Article--The National Security Importance
                of the Jones Act Recognized on National Maritime Day MENAFN

         5/24/2023--Article--https://www.cosentino.com/usa/
                blog/cosentino-group
                -announces-investment-in-florida-plan-to-expand-
                manufacturing-to-north-america/

         5/30/2023--Article--As agency changes, outgoing
                Florida commerce secretary talks incentives, space and more
                Jacksonville Business Journal

         6/1/2023--Article--Laura DiBella: Florida's Tech
                Bloom, Florida Funders Skin in the Game VC Podcast

         7/17/2023--Podcast--John D. Villarreal Show #5

         9/13/2023--Podcast--Sunshine Startups Live Episode 4:
                Laura DiBella--President and CEO of Enterprise Florida,
                Levan Center Live

       9/28/2023--Article--Enterprise Florida Exiting, Florida
            Trend

       10/2/2023--Article--Doors closing on Enterprise Florida
            Backroom Briefing, Orlando Sentinel

       2/19/2024--Article--https://floridapolitics.com/archives/
            60005-sunburn-the-morning-read-of-whats-hot-in-florida-
            politics-2-19-24/

       1/26/2024--Article--Nassau economic development forum:
            `Money follows the innovation' News Leader

         Part A, Q10--Below is the list of advisory,
                consultative, honorary, or other part-time service or
                positions with Federal, State, or local governments to
                which I have served after 18 years of age (dates added):

       3/2018-1/2023: Vice Chair of Florida State College at
            Jacksonville District Board of Trustees

       2/2021 to present: Volunteer as a certified guardian in
            Florida's 2nd Judicial Circuit Guardian ad Litem Program

       3/2021 to present: Co-Chair of FDOT Florida Freight Advisory
            Committee

       10/2023 to present: University of Florida I-STREET Advisory
            Board Member

       3/2025 to present: National Oceanic & Atmospheric
            Administration (NOAA) Industry Advisory Committee Member, ``The
            Continuum'' Enterprise Accelerator

       5/2025 to present: University of Florida, Florida
            Semiconductor Institute (FSI) Stakeholder Advisory Board

        Chairman Cruz. Thank you. I now recognize Mr. Harvey for
    his opening statement.

       STATEMENT OF ROBERT HARVEY, NOMINEE TO BE A COMMISSIONER,
                      FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION

        Mr. Harvey. Thank you. Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member
    Cantwell, and members of the Committee, it is an honor to
    appear before you today as a nominee to be Commissioner of the
    Federal Maritime Commission. I also want to thank your
    respective staff for all their efforts and the professionalism
    shown to me during the nomination process.
        I would like to thank Commissioners Dye, Vekich, and Maffei
    for meeting with me during the confirmation process and for
    today's hearing. I would like to recognize my wife, Debra
    Jenks, who has been my law partner, is my life partner, and has
    fully supported me in my desire to return to public service.
    Finally, I would like to thank President Trump for the honor of
    nominating me today.
        If confirmed, I look forward to continuing the important
    work of the FMC at this critical time for the United States
    ocean transportation system and supply chain. I will work to
    ensure that the FMC maintains a competitive and reliable
    international ocean transportation system and protects U.S.
    consumers, exporters, and importers from unlawful, unfair, and
    deceptive ocean transportation practices.
        For the past 3 years, I have been engaged in multiple
    economic development roles in Florida. With 1,300 miles of
    coastline, 16 public seaports, and 7 cruise ports, I have
    gained an even greater appreciation for the maritime industry.
        While I am a proud Floridian, I was born, raised, and
    educated in Illinois. The first waterborne commerce I ever saw
    was barge traffic, containing agriculture, coal, and bulk
    goods, floating on the Des Plaines River, through the middle of
    my hometown of Joliet.
        The first large bulk carrier I ever saw was a laker. The
    Great Lakes shipping industry supports tens of thousands of
    jobs directly, and is a vital economic engine for the cities,
    towns, and people, of the region. If confirmed, I look forward
    to ensuring fair conditions for all U.S. shipping.
        I began my career with the U.S. Navy, where I served on
    active duty as a Navy Judge Advocate and Special Assistant U.S.
    Attorney. After leaving active duty I served in the Reserves
    with Amphibious Group 2, in Little Creek, Virginia, and with
    the U.S. Naval Forces Europe, in London. One of the lesson
    learned from my time in the Navy is that economic security and
    national security are inseparable.
        After leaving active duty I began my civilian law career in
    private practice. After two years I had the opportunity to join
    a startup. Not knowing what a startup was, I leapt at the
    opportunity, moved to New York City, and ultimately became the
    Senior Vice President and General Counsel. After being with
    that company for 7 years and a successful exit, I have served
    in various roles in law, business, finance, and public service.
        Most recently I have been a partner of Jenks & Harvey, a
    law firm in West Palm Beach, where my practice was concentrated
    in securities litigation, arbitration, and regulation. I
    returned to the public sector in November 2022, as the General
    Counsel of Enterprise Florida, Florida's principal economic
    development organization.
        Today, I serve as President and Executive Director of the
    Florida Opportunity Fund, Florida's venture capital fund. The
    fund is a $180 million fund investing in Florida-based, new
    technology companies. In terms of the maritime industry, we
    have invested in cybersecurity companies that protect critical
    assets including vessels, ports, and maritime infrastructure.
    We have invested in companies that fuse real-time data with AI
    to track maritime missions, improve operational efficiency at
    sea and at shore. We have invested in logistics companies,
    which provide multimodal, last-mile delivery solutions, which
    reduces shipping time and costs. Currently we are reviewing
    quantum solutions in the marine industry, enabling potential
    breakthroughs in route and fleet optimization, sensing and
    navigation, secure communication, and predictive maintenance.
        Finally, I also serve as the Executive Director of the
    Florida Development Finance Corporation. That is the state-
    authorized issuer of industrial revenue bonds. In the last two
    years, FDFC has issued over $8 billion of tax-exempt, taxable,
    and private activity bonds. We are currently reviewing several
    projects where private activity bonds may be used for marine
    infrastructure, including ports, docks, wharves, and
    manufacturing.
        If confirmed, I believe that my over 35 years of diverse
    experience in the military, legal and regulatory affairs,
    business, investment and finance, technology, and economic
    development will allow me to positively contribute to FMC's
    vital mission.
        In closing, Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and
    members of the Committee, thank you very much for holding this
    hearing today.
        [The prepared statement and biographical information of Mr.
    Harvey follow:]

      Prepared Statement of Robert Harvey, Nominee to be a Commissioner,
                        U.S. Federal Maritime Commission
        Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell and members of the
    Committee, good morning and thank you for the opportunity to appear
    here before you today as a nominee to be Commissioner of the Federal
    Maritime Commission (FMC). I also want to thank your respective staff
    for all their efforts and the professionalism shown to me during the
    nomination process.
        I would like to thank Commissioners Dye, Maffei, and Vekich for
    meeting with me during the confirmation process and for attending
    today's hearing. Most importantly, I would like to recognize my wife,
    Debra, who has been my law partner, is my life partner, and has fully
    supported me in my desire to return to public service. Finally, I would
    like to thank President Trump for the honor of nominating me to be a
    Commissioner of the FMC.
        If confirmed, I will continue the important work of the FMC at this
    critical time for the United States ocean transportation system and
    supply chain.
        I look forward to ensuring that FMC maintains a competitive and
    reliable international ocean transportation system and protects U.S.
    consumers, exporters and importers from unlawful, unfair, and deceptive
    ocean transportation practices.
        For the past three years, I have been engaged in multiple economic
    development roles in Florida.
        With 1300 miles of coastline, sixteen public seaports and seven
    cruise ports, I have gained an even greater appreciation for the
    maritime industry, supply chains, and port access, not only for Florida
    but the entire country.
        While I am a proud Floridian, I was born, raised, and educated in
    Illinois.
        The first water-borne commerce I ever saw was barge traffic,
    containing agriculture, coal and bulk goods, floating on the Des
    Plaines River, through the middle of my hometown of Joliet.
        The first large bulk carrier I ever saw was a laker.
        The Great Lakes shipping industry supports tens of thousands of
    jobs directly, and is a vital economic engine for the cities, towns,
    and people, of the region.
        I will work to ensure fair conditions for the entire U.S. shipping
    industry.
        I began my career with the United States Navy, where I served on
    active duty at Naval Station Great Lakes, Illinois, as a Navy Judge
    Advocate and Special Assistant U.S. Attorney. I also served on active
    duty as Senior Defense Counsel and Senior Trial Counsel at Naval Legal
    Service Office, Great Lakes.
        After leaving active duty I served as a reservist with Amphibious
    Group 2, Little Creek, Virginia and U.S. Naval Forces Europe, London,
    United Kingdom.
        The lesson learned from my time in the Navy is that economic
    security and national security are inseparable. U.S. national security
    protects our economic assets, including critical infrastructure, supply
    chains, port access, and international trade routes, from both
    traditional and emerging threats.
        After leaving active duty I began my civilian law career in private
    practice in Illinois. After two years I had the opportunity to join
    startup Meridian VAT Reclaim North America in New York, New York, where
    I became Meridian's Senior Vice President of Operations & General
    Counsel. After Meridian was acquired in 1999, I served in various roles
    as in law, business, investment management, finance, and public
    service.
        From 2015 to 2022, I was a Founding Partner of Jenks & Harvey LLP
    in West Palm Beach, Florida, where my practice was concentrated in
    securities litigation, arbitration, and regulation.
        I returned to the public sector in November 2022 as the General
    Counsel of Enterprise Florida, Inc., Florida's principal economic
    development organization.
        Today, I serve as President and Executive Director of the Florida
    Opportunity Fund, Inc. (FOF). FOF is a $180 million venture capital
    fund which invests in Florida-based, new technology companies. These
    investments have been crucial in supporting new businesses, creating
    jobs in Florida, and further diversifying the state's economy. FOF
    focuses on technology sectors that are strategic to Florida including
    artificial intelligence, life sciences, information technology,
    advanced manufacturing processes, aviation and aerospace, homeland
    security and defense, and cybersecurity, among other strategic areas.
        Related to FMC's mission, FOF has invested in (1) cybersecurity/
    information technology companies that protect critical infrastructure;
    including vessels, ports and marine infrastructure; (2) companies that
    fuse real-time data with artificial intelligence to monitor maritime
    emissions and improve operational efficiency, at sea and ashore, and;
    (3) logistics companies providing multimodal last-mile delivery
    solutions, which improve visibility and reduce shipping time and cost.
        FOF has begun to review investments in quantum solutions for the
    marine industry, enabling potential breakthroughs in route and fleet
    optimization, quantum sensing and navigation, secure quantum
    communication, and predictive maintenance and environmental modeling.
        Finally, I also serve as the Executive Director of Florida
    Development Finance Corporation (FDFC). FDFC is the state authorized
    issuer of industrial revenue bonds. FDFC supports economic development
    by assisting for-profit and not-for-profit businesses with access to
    capital for project financing. The primary mechanism for accessing
    capital markets is tax-exempt and taxable bonds.
        In the last two fiscal years, FDFC successfully facilitated the
    authorization and issuance of over $8.0 billion of tax-exempt, taxable,
    and private activity bonds, across a wide range of sectors, including
    transportation, solid waste, and healthcare.
        FDFC is currently reviewing multiple projects where private
    activity bonds may be used for investment for infrastructure projects
    like ports, including docks, wharves, and related facilities, including
    commercial manufacturing.
        If confirmed as a Commissioner of the FMC, I believe my over 35
    years of diverse experience in the military, legal and regulatory
    affairs, business, investment and finance, technology, and economic
    development will allow me to positively contribute to FMC's vital
    mission.
        In conclusion, Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and members
    of the Committee, if given the opportunity and privilege of serving as
    a Federal Maritime Commissioner, I promise you that I will follow the
    statutory requirements of the law in a fair and unbiased manner. I also
    promise to respond to requests of this Committee as you fulfill your
    oversight responsibilities of the FMC.
        Thank you.
                                     ______

                          a. biographical information
        1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): Robert John
    Harvey.
        2. Position to which nominated: Commissioner, Federal Maritime
    Commission.
        3. Date of Nomination: September 3, 2025.
        4. Address (List current place of residence and office addresses):

            Residence: Information not released to the public.
            Office: Information not provided.

        5. Date and Place of Birth: Joliet, IL.
        6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your
    spouse (if married) or domestic partner, and the names and ages of your
    children (including stepchildren and children by a previous marriage).

            Spouse: Debra A. Jenks; Owner of Debra A. Jenks, PA. We have no
            children.

        7. List all college and graduate schools attended, whether or not
    you were granted a degree by the institution. Provide the name of the
    institution, the dates attended, the degree received, and the date of
    the degree.

            Southern Illinois University School of Law, 1983-1986, J.D.
            awarded 1986

            Eastern Illinois University, 1981-1983, B.S. Business, awarded
            1983

            Joliet Junior College, 1979-1981, Associate in Arts

        8. List all post-undergraduate employment, including the job title,
    name of employer, and inclusive dates of employment, and highlight all
    management-level jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to
    the position for which you are nominated.

        * denotes management-level jobs and non-managerial jobs that relate
    to the position for which I have been nominated.

        All post-graduate employment includes:

            President & Executive Director, Florida Opportunity Fund, Inc.
            (FOF)*
            01/2023 to present

            Executive Director, Florida Development Finance Corporation
            (FDFC)*
            07/2023 to present

            General Counsel, Enterprise Florida, Inc. (EFI)*
            11/2022-12/2023

            Owner, Jenks & Harvey LLP*
            04/2015-11/2022

            Partner, Klayman & Toskes
            11/2014-04/2015

            Partner, Ciklin Lubitz Martens & O'Connell
            03/2013-11/2014

            Partner, Schwed Kahle & Jenks
            11/2010-02/2013

            Attorney, Frank White-Boyd
            11/2009-11/2010

            Owner, Law Firm of Robert J. Harvey, P.A.
            07/2009-04/2023

            Managing Member, KCF Management LLC, Kensington Capital Fund LP
            06/2003-01/2014

            Managing Member, Bateleur LLC
            06/2001-07/2008

            Chief Operating Officer, Imperial Software*
            05/2000-06/2001

            Director of Operations, MBIA Muniservices*
            05/1999-05/2000

            Senior Vice President of Operations & General Counsel*
            Meridian VAT Reclaim, North America
            09/1992-05/1999

            Attorney, James Hoffman & Associates
            04/1990-08/1992

            Lieutenant Commander, Judge Advocate General's Corps, United
            States Navy*
            08/1986-12/1986 (Officer Indoctrination School--Temporary
            Active Duty)
            01/1987-03/1990 (Active Duty)
            04/1990-08/2001 (Reserves)

        9. Attach a copy of your resume.
        See attached resume.
        10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time
    service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other
    than those listed above after 18 years of age.
        Listed below in reverse chronological order are the advisory,
    consultative, honorary, or other part-time service or positions with
    Federal, State, or local governments, other than those listed above to
    which I have served after 18 years of age:

            State of Florida, 15th Circuit Judicial Nominating, Commission
            2015 to present, Chair (2019-2023), Vice-Chair (2015-2019)

            Impact Fee Review Committee, Vice Chair, Palm Beach County
            (2021 to present) West Palm Beach Federal Courthouse Committee
            (2018 to present)

            Land Development Regulation Advisory Board, Palm Beach County
            (2017-2023)

            Equestrian Preserve Committee, Wellington, Florida (2007-2008)

            Planning Board, Town of East Hampton, New York (2003-2005)

        11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee,
    partner, proprietor, agent, representative, or consultant of any
    corporation, company, firm, partnership, or other business, enterprise,
    educational, or other institution. None.
        12. List all memberships you have had after 18 years of age or
    currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational,
    political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religiously
    affiliated organization, private club, or other membership organization
    (You do not have to list your religious affiliation or membership in a
    religious house of worship or institution). Include dates of membership
    and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note
    whether any such club or organization restricts membership on the basis
    of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.
        Listed below are all the memberships I have had after 18 years of
    age or currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational,
    political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religiously
    affiliated organization, private club, or other membership
    organization:

            Florida Bar (2009 to present)

            Palm Beach County Bar (2009 to present)

            Ocean Reef Club (2012 to present)

            Palm Beach Yacht Club (2011 to present)

            Palm Beach County Bar Securities Law Committee, Chair (2015-
            2016)

            Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association,
            Compliance & Legal Society (2010-2018)

            Florida Securities Dealers Association (2014-2018)

            Arbitrator, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (2015 to
            present)

            Republican National Lawyers Association (2022 to present)

            Federalist Society (2013 to present)

        None of the above restricts membership on the basis of sex, race,
    color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.
        13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office
    (elected, non-elected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any
    campaign has any outstanding debt, the amount, and whether you are
    personally liable for that debt. No.
        14. List all memberships and offices held with and services
    rendered to, whether compensated or not, any political party or
    election committee within the past ten years. If you have held a paid
    position or served in a formal or official advisory position (whether
    compensated or not) in a political campaign within the past ten years,
    identify the particulars of the campaign, including the candidate, year
    of the campaign, and your title and responsibilities. None.
        15. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign
    organization, political party, political action committee, or similar
    entity of $200 or more for the past ten years.
        Listed below are all political contributions to any individual,
    campaign organization, political party, political action committee, or
    similar entity of $200 or more for the past ten years:

    Bobby Powell                                                       $200
    Andrew Watt                                                        $200
    Al Jacquet                                                         $200
    Hal Valeche                                                        $500
    Dave Kerner                                                        $200
    Mac Bernard                                                        $200
    Melissa McKinley                                                   $500
    Adam Putnam                                                        $500
    Rick Roth                                                          $200
    Ron DeSantis                                                     $1,000
    Brian Mast                                                         $250
    Michael Caruso                                                   $1,000
    Rick Scott                                                       $1,000

        16. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary
    society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition
    for outstanding service or achievements.
        The following list includes all scholarships, fellowships, honorary
    degrees, honorary society memberships, military medals, and any other
    special recognition for outstanding service or achievements:

            Navy Achievement Medal
            Leadership New York IX

        17. List all books, articles, columns, letters to the editor,
    Internet blog postings, or other publications you have authored,
    individually or with others. Include a link to each publication when
    possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the
    publication when available. None.
        18. List all speeches, panel discussions, and presentations (e.g.,
    PowerPoint) that you have given on topics relevant to the position for
    which you have been nominated. Include a link to each publication when
    possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the
    speech or presentation when available.

            Superyacht Builders Association, Palm Beach, Florida (March
            2025)
            https://www.linkedin.com/posts/robert-harvey-44190610_kicking-
            off-the-2025-
            palm-beach-international-activity-73079716901001093l2-n6OG/
            ?originalSub
            domain=pe

        19. List all public statements you have made during the past ten
    years, including statements in news articles and radio and podcasts and
    television appearances, which are on topics relevant to the position
    for which you have been nominated, including dates. Include a link to
    each statement when possible. If a link is not available, provide a
    digital copy of the statement when available. None.
        20. List all digital platforms (including social media and other
    digital content sites) on which you currently or have formerly operated
    an account, regardless of whether or not the account was held in your
    name or an alias. Include the full name of an ``alias'' or ``handle'',
    including the complete URL and username with hyperlinks, you have used
    on each of the named platforms. Indicate whether the account is active,
    deleted, or dormant. Include a link to each account if possible.
        Listed below are all digital platforms (including social media and
    other digital content sites) on which I currently or have formerly
    operated an account, regardless of whether the account was held in my
    name or an alias:

            LinkedIn (active): https://www.linkedin.com/in/robert-harvey-
            44190610/

            Facebook (active): https://www.facebook.com/robert.harvey.37853

            X (formerly Twitter) (active): https://x.com/FLBIZNOW

            Instagram (active): https://www.instagram.com/robertharvey00/
            ?hl=en

        21. Identify each instance in which you have testified orally or in
    writing before Congress in a governmental or non-governmental capacity
    and specify the date, committee, and subject matter of each testimony.
    None.
        22. Given the current mission, major programs, and major
    operational objectives of the Federal Maritime Commission (FMC), what
    in your background or employment experience do you believe
    affirmatively qualifies you for appointment to the position for which
    you have been nominated, and why do you wish to serve in that position?
        Given the current mission, major programs, and major operational
    objectives of the Federal Maritime Commission, I believe that having
    over 35 years of government, legal, and business operations experience
    affinnatively qualifies me for appointment to the Commission.
        My professional career began with my service in the United States
    Navy where I served on active duty from 1987-1990 (1990-2001 reserve
    duty) as a Navy Judge Advocate and Special Assistant U.S. Attorney. As
    a result, I have always had a deep appreciation for the relationship
    between the U.S. military and commercial maritime sectors. National
    security and economic security are essential to maintaining a vibrant
    maritime industry. For example, naval freedom of navigation operations
    is critical to maintaining supply chains and port access globally. I
    look forward to cooperating and coordinating with departments and
    agencies to support a secure and prosperous maritime economy.
        For nearly the past three years, I have been engaged in multiple
    economic development roles in Florida. With 1300 miles of coastline,
    sixteen public seaports and seven cruise ports, I have gained an even
    greater appreciation for the criticality of the maritime industry,
    supply chains, and port access for Florida and the country.
        As the maritime industry moves forward it is a given that
    technology will play a major role. In my current role as President of
    the Florida Opportunity Fund I have overseen the growth of a technology
    portfolio of 54 emerging technology companies, including companies
    tracking maritime emissions and multimodal logistics. Artificial
    intelligence, smart contracts and blockchain technologies are just some
    of the technologies that will continue to shape the maritime industry
    going forward.
        Finally, my law practice was concentrated on secunt1es litigation,
    arbitration, and regulation, in state and Federal courts and securities
    regulators. I appreciate and understand the effectiveness of robust
    enforcement, investigation, and compliance and look forward to
    supporting those programs at FMC.
        Why do I wish to serve?
        I have always made public service and integral part of my
    professional career. Service as an FMC Commissioner would be the honor
    of a lifetime and the highlight of my public service. As shown in my
    application, since leaving active duty I have always made time for
    public service on the state and local level. I presently hold the
    following positions: State of Florida, 15th Circuit Judicial Nominating
    Commission. 2015 to present, Chair (2019-2023), Vice-Chair (2015-2019)
    and the Impact Fee Review Committee, Vice Chair, Palm Beach County
    (2021 to present).
        23. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to
    ensure that the FMC has proper management and accounting controls, and
    what experience do you have in managing a large organization?
        If confirmed, I will accept any responsibilities as assigned to
    ensure that the FMC has proper management and accounting controls in
    place. In my current roles at FOF and FDFC, I have ultimate
    responsibility for annual audits, in addition to ensuring that proper
    management and accounting controls are followed and in place.
        24. What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the
    FMC, and why?
        The top three challenges facing the FMC are as follows:

            1. Global Chokepoints-Freedom of Navigation

            FMC has rightly initiated an investigation of conditions at
            seven key global chokepoints--the English Channel, the Malacca
            Strait, the Northern Sea Passage, the Singapore Strait, the
            Panama Canal, the Strait of Gibraltar, and the Suez Canal. With
            90 percent of global trade moving by sea, unobstructed shipping
            lanes are essential to U.S. economic prosperity.

            Additional areas of concern are the unlawful and sweeping
            maritime claims in the South China Sea which pose a serious
            threat to the freedom of the seas, including the freedoms of
            navigation and overflight, free trade and unimpeded commerce,
            and freedom of economic opportunity for South China Sea
            littoral nations.

            The United States must continue to challenge excessive maritime
            claims around the world regardless of the identity of the
            claimant. The international community has an enduring role in
            preserving the freedom of the seas, which is critical to global
            security, stability, and prosperity.

            2. Competition

            The number of major carriers in the U.S. transpacific and
            transatlantic trades has decreased from 20 in 2015 to 11 by
            2022. due to ocean carrier mergers and the bankruptcy of one
            major carrier.

            The FMC must continue to monitor the competitive market effects
            of collaborative agreements among competitors, such as vessel
            sharing agreements (alliances are vessel sharing agreements
            that operate globally) or joint ventures to ensure that
            operators which compete against each other in the market, do
            not result in a reduction in competition that produces
            unreasonable increases in transportation costs or unreasonable
            decreases in transportation services.

            3. Flags of Convenience

            Not all foreign ship registries share a commitment with the
            United States to ocean shipping integrity and accountability.
            The lack of ship registry accountability not only disadvantages
            U.S.-flag shipping, but also presents a problem in addressing
            smuggling operations, sanctions evasion, disguised ownership,
            and other irregularities.

            The vessel registration practices of certain foreign countries,
            so-called flags of convenience, are creating unfavorable
            shipping conditions in the foreign trade of the United States.
            These flags enable unsafe vessels to operate and further enable
            shadow fleet activity and the evasion of sanctions.
                       b. potential conflicts of interest
        1. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation
    agreements, and other continuing dealings with business associates,
    clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement
    accounts, such as a 401(k) or pension plan. None.
        2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal,
    to maintain employment, affiliation, or practice with any business,
    association, or other organization during your appointment? If so,
    please explain. No.
        3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other
    relationships which could involve potential conflicts of interest in
    the position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will
    resolve each potential conflict of interest. None.
        4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial
    transaction which you have bad during the last ten years, whether for
    yourself, on behalf of a client, or acting as an agent, that could in
    any way constitute or result in a possible conflict of interest in the
    position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will resolve
    each potential conflict of interest. None.
        5. Identify any other potential conflicts of interest and explain
    how you will resolve each potential conflict of interest. None.
        6. Describe any activity during the past ten years, including the
    names of clients represented, in which you have been engaged for the
    purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or
    modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and
    execution of law or public policy. None.
                                c. legal matters
        1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics,
    professional misconduct, or retaliation by, or been the subject of a
    complaint to, any court, administrative agency, the Office of Special
    Counsel, an Inspector General, professional association, disciplinary
    committee, or other professional group? If yes:

      a.  Provide the name of the court, agency, association, committee, or
            group;

      b.  Provide the date the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or
            personnel action was issued or initiated;

      c.  Describe the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or
            personnel action;

      d.  Provide the results of the citation, disciplinary action,
            complaint, or personnel action.

        No
        2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by
    any Federal, State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal,
    State, county, municipal, or foreign government entity, other than for
    a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain. No.
        3. Have you or any business or nonprofit of which you are or were
    an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency
    proceeding, criminal proceeding, or civil litigation? If so, please
    explain.
        Both FOF and FDFC have been parties to litigation. No litigation
    has ever been determined to have a material, adverse effect on either
    FOF or FDFC's financial position. Both corporations are independently
    audited on an annual basis.
        I have been a party in two divorce cases in Illinois (1995) and
    Florida (2009).
        I was named as a party in a foreclosure action in Florida in 2011
    that involved a former marital residence lived in by my ex-wife. I was
    not on the note, just a nominal Defendant due to ownership interest.
    Judgment was entered solely against my ex-wife.
        4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or nolo
    contendere) of any criminal violation other than a minor traffic
    offense? If so, please explain. No.
        5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual
    assault, sexual harassment, or discrimination on the basis of sex,
    race, religion, whistleblower activity, or any other basis? If so,
    please explain. No.
        6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information,
    favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in
    connection with your nomination. No.
                         d. relationship with committee
        1. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation complies with deadlines for information set by
    congressional committees, and that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation endeavors to timely comply with requests for information
    from individual Members of Congress, including requests from members in
    the minority?
        If confirmed, yes, I will ensure that the FMC complies with
    deadlines for information set by congressional committees, and that the
    FMC endeavors to timely comply with requests for information from
    individual Members of Congress, including requests from members in the
    minority.
        2. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation does whatever it can to protect congressional witnesses and
    whistleblowers from reprisal for their testimony and disclosures?
        Yes, I will ensure that the FMC does whatever it can to protect
    congressional witnesses and whistleblowers from reprisal for their
    testimony and disclosures.
        3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested
    witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with
    firsthand knowledge of matters of interest to the Committee?
        Yes. I will cooperate in providing the Committee with requested
    witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with
    firsthand knowledge of matters of interest to the Committee.
        4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly
    constituted committee of the Congress on such occasions as you may be
    reasonably requested to do so?
        Yes, I am willing to appear and testify before any duly constituted
    committee of the Congress on such occasions as I may be reasonably
    requested to do so.
        5. Do you agree, if confirmed, to keep this Committee, its
    subcommittees, other appropriate Committees of Congress, and their
    respective staffs apprised of new information that materially impacts
    the accuracy of testimony, briefings, reports, records-including
    documents and electronic communications, and other information you or
    your organization previously provided?
        Yes, I agree, if confirmed, to keep this Committee, its
    subcommittees, other appropriate Committees of Congress, and their
    respective staffs apprised of new information that materially impacts
    the accuracy of testimony, briefings, reports, records-including
    documents and electronic communications, and other information.
        6. Do you agree, if confirmed, and on request, to provide this
    Committee and its subcommittees with records and other information
    within their oversight jurisdiction, even absent a formal Committee
    request?
        Yes, I agree, if confirmed, and on request, to provide this
    Committee and its subcommittees with records and other information
    within their oversight jurisdiction, even absent a formal Committee
    request.
        7. Do you agree, if confirmed, to ensure that you and other members
    of your organization protect from retaliation any military member,
    Federal employee, or contractor employee who testifies before, or
    communicates with this Committee, its subcommittees, and any other
    appropriate committee of Congress?
        Yes, I agree, if confirmed, to ensure that I and other members of
    the FMC protect from retaliation any military member, Federal employee,
    or contractor employee who testifies before, or communicates with this
    Committee, its subcommittees, and any other appropriate committee of
    Congress.

    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                                     ______

                              Speaking Engagements
        Venture Capital in Florida, Florida Business Seminar, Paris, France
    (June 2025)

        Venture Capital and Corporate Investment in the Energy Sector,
    Middle East Energy 2025--Global Innovation Forum, Dubai, United Arab
    Emirates (April 2025)

        Opportunities in SpaceTech, Israel Tech Week, Miami, Florida (March
    2025)

        Superyacht Builders Association, Palm Beach, Florida (March 2025)

        Investment Insights, Plug and Play Selection Day Batch 2-Aerospace,
    Dual-Use, and Semiconductor Technologies, NeoCity, Kissimmee, Florida
    (March 2025)

        Investment Insights, Funding Solutions for Life Sciences
    Innovation, BioFlorida Innovation Conference, Lake Buena Vista, Florida
    (November 2024)

        Panel Discussion, Plug and Play NeoCity Semiconductors Expo,
    Kissimmee, Florida (October 2024)

        Israel Venture Tech Showcase, Las Olas Chabad Jewish Center, Fort
    Lauderdale, Florida (September 2024)

        The State of Innovation, South Florida Innovation Day, Alan B.
    Levan-NSU Broward Center of Innovation, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
    (September 2024)

        Demystifying Access to Capital, Business Development Board, Martin
    County Florida (September 2024)

        Corporate Counsel Roundtable, Florida Bar-Business Law Section
    Annual Retreat, Naples, Florida (August 2024)

        What is Venture Capital, and is it for me?--Understanding the
    Florida Opportunity Fund, 2024 Small Business Success Summit, Ponte
    Vedra, Florida (August 2024)

        Entrepreneurial Coaching, 35 Mules, Florida Power & Light, Juno
    Beach, Florida (August 2024)

        The Association for Manufacturing Technology, Interview, Haddy,
    Inc., St. Petersburg, Florida (July 2024)

        Venture Capital in Florida, PLUG and PLAY Silicon Valley Summit,
    Sunnyvale, California (May 2024)

        Venture Capital in Florida, Venture in the South, Podcast, (May
    2024) Venture Capital in Florida, Business Brokers of Florida Annual
    Meeting, Deerfield Beach, Florida (April 2024)

        State of Venture Capital in Florida, 2024 Florida Venture Forum
    Capital Conference, Miami, Florida (February 2024)

        Strategies for Attracting Global Technology Companies to Florida,
    2023 BioFlorida Conference, Ponte Vedra, Florida (October 2023)

        The Future of Economic Development: Optimizing for Impact, Edison
    Awards--Meet the Innovators Forum, Fort Myers, Florida (April 2023)

        Executive Branch Experiences-Lessons from the Front Lines,
    Federalist Society of South Florida, West Palm Beach, Florida (April
    2023)

        Journey to the Gavel, Palm Beach County Justice Association, West
    Palm Beach, Florida (April 2023)

        CIED Venture Symposium, Santa Fe College, Gainesville, Florida
    (April 2023)

        Florida Opportunity Fund-Year to Date, Enterprise Florida, Inc.,
    Quarterly Board of Directors Meeting, Tallahassee, Florida (March 2023)

        Florida Venture Forum-Capital Crawl, Miami, Florida (February 2023)

        The Question of States' Rights: The Constitution and American
    Federalism, South Fork High School, Stuart, Florida (September 2022)

        Florida's Judicial Nominating Commissions, The Hispanic Vote Palm
    Beach County-Community Leaders Meeting, Greenacres, Florida (July 2022)

        Palm Beach County Elections: Why They Matter? Boca Raton/Boynton
    Beach Florida Chamber of Commerce, Boca Raton, Florida (July 2022)

        How to Prepare for a Pathway to the Bench, Palm Beach County
    Hispanic Bar Association webinar (June 2022)

        Elements of An Effective and Successful JNC Application, Palm Beach
    County Bar Association, Committee for Diversity and Inclusion, 2022
    Road to the Bench Academy webinar (March 2022)

        Pathway to the Bench: Panel Discussion on the Judicial Appointment
    Process and the Role of Judge as a Career, Palm Beach County Bar
    Association CLE webinar (October 2021)

        So, You've Applied, What's Next? Palm Beach County Bar Association
    Committee for Diversity and Inclusion 2021 Road to the Bench Academy
    webinar (March 2021)

        FINRA Arbitration Hot Topics for 2020: Updates You Should Know, The
    Knowledge Group, LLC's nationwide webcast (December 2019)

        FINRA Arbitration 2019--Regulatory Trends and Arbitration
    Procedures, ProLawCLE's nationwide webinar (June 2019)

        How to Handle a FINRA Rule 8210 Request: A Comprehensive Guide, The
    Knowledge Group, LLC's nationwide webcast (March 2019)

        FINRA Arbitration Issues & Strategies--Claims in the FINRA Forum,
    ProLawCLE's nationwide webinar (August 2018)

        Alternative Dispute Resolution, Florida Atlantic University-Law in
    the Real-World Series, Palm Beach Gardens, FL (2015 to 2019)

        FINRA Dispute Resolution and How it Works, Florida Institute of
    CPAs-Sailfish Chapter, Stuart, Port St. Lucie, and Okeechobee Florida
    (2016-2017)

        Investment Opportunities in Latin America, 22nd Annual Alpha Hedge
    East Conference, Palm Beach Gardens, FL (2016)

        Crowdfunding Roundtable: Regulators and Practitioners, Public
    Investors Arbitration Bar Association Annual Meeting, La Quinta, CA
    (2014)
                                     ______

      Addendum to the questionnaire submitted to the Senate Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 119th Congress by Robert Harvey.
        Please find below my responses to questions received on October 8,
    2025:

        A.8--Mr. Harvey's OGE 278e list his positions with Florida
    Resiliency and Energy District and Florida Venture Forum, as does his
    Ethics Agreement, but those positions are not listed on his
    questionnaire. Please clarify and provide a supplement as appropriate.
        Response: A.8 requested all post-graduate employment.
        I am an uncompensated board member of the Florida Venture Forum and
    serve as the uncompensated Executive Director of the Florida Resiliency
    and Energy District (FRED). Therefore, neither were included as
    employment under A.8, but were listed on OGE 278e and my Ethics
    Agreement as positions that I will be required to resign upon
    confirmation.
        My position as a board member for the Florida Venture Forum is
    relevant to question A.11, I served in this position from January 2023-
    Present.
        My position as an Executive Director of the Florida Resiliency and
    Energy District (FRED) is an uncompensated advisory position for an
    entity established by state law, relevant to question A.10. I served in
    this position from July 2023-Present.
        Additionally, during my time as a Navy JAG, while on active duty
    from 1987-1990 I also served as a Special Assistant U.S. Attorney.

        A.15--We have identified political contributions that Mr. Harvey
    may have not disclosed. Please complete a thorough search, and provide
    a supplement as appropriate. These omitted contributions include:

      1.  An additional $1,000 contribution to Rick Scott (Jun. 2024)

      2.  An additional $1,000 contribution to Ron DeSantis (Oct. 2023)

        Response: The above contributions are each listed twice on the
    Federal Election Commission website because they are joint fundraising
    committee dispersals. The contributions appear to have been received,
    then transferred by the candidates to other campaign entities,
    resulting in the double entries. My initial disclosure is accurate to
    my actual contributions.

        A.18--We have identified panels Mr. Harvey participated on that
    were not disclosed. Please conduct a comprehensive search for other
    responsive speeches, panel discussions and presentations, and provide a
    supplement as appropriate. The panels identified are listed here:

        1. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/robert-harvey-
    44190610_southfloridainnovati
    onday-levancenter-techinnovation-activity-7242368212787437568-Re6-
    ?utm_source=
    share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAADleFtAB5wziBPzKt0CKTpcRo
    GKVRKxh-d0
        Response: This speaking engagement was disclosed on my resume as
    The State of Innovation, South Florida Innovation Day, Alan B. Levan-
    NSU Broward Center oflnnovation, Fort Lauderdale, Florida (September
    2024)

        2. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/robert-harvey-44190610_israel-
    innovation-tech
    nology-activity-7166641603015618560-
    fG42?utm_source=share&utm_medium=mem
    ber_desktop&rcm=ACoAADleFtAB5wziBPzKt0CKTpcRoGKVRKxh-d0
        Response: This was not disclosed since it was not a speech or panel
    discussion. I appeared on stage with Mr. Driquez, former Deputy Consul
    General of Israel, at a pitch event for Israeli companies in
    Tallahassee, Florida.

        C.2--Please clarify whether Mr. Harvey was investigated, arrested,
    charged, or held on the following dates. If so, please describe the
    circumstances around these arrests and provide a supplement as
    appropriate.

      1.  May 1, 1992--felony, misdemeanor

      2.  February 23, 1988--misdemeanor

      3.  October 21, 1985--misdemeanor

      4.  May 28, 1987--misdemeanor

      5.  January 26, 1994--misdemeanor

      6.  June 26, 1991--felony

      7.  July 28, 1986--misdemeanor

        Response: I was not investigated, arrested, charged, or held on the
    above dates. There are no circumstances to describe since I have never
    been arrested.

        Chairman Cruz. Thank you. I now recognize Mr. Petty.

               STATEMENT OF TIMOTHY PETTY, NOMINEE TO BE

                  ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE FOR

        OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC
                             ADMINISTRATION

        Mr. Petty. Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and
    distinguished guests and Committee members, thank you for the
    opportunity to be here today. I am deeply honored to be
    nominated by President Trump to serve as Assistant Secretary of
    Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere. I want to thank Secretary
    Lutnick, as well, for his confidence in me, and again for
    Senator Risch for his kind introduction and for his steadfast
    leadership on behalf of the people of Idaho but also this
    Nation. It is a privilege to be here today, and I respectfully
    ask for your consideration and consent for my nomination.
        Before I begin today, I would like to take a moment and
    recognize friends and family, but foremost my wife, Elaine, who
    is sitting behind me here. She has always been a big support
    and a foundation throughout my journey here in Washington, D.C.
    My parents and my four siblings are watching remotely from the
    family farms back in Indiana. My mother, Esther, is 93 years
    old, and my stepfather, Vern, is 97. Their resilience, faith,
    and work ethic have been a guiding light for me in my life.
        I was born and raised on a family farm in Grant County,
    Indiana. Our farm was more than a livelihood. It was a
    classroom and a place where I learned the values that have
    shaped my life of hard work, faith, and service. From milking
    cows before the sun would rise, baling hay in the summer heat,
    and watching the skies for signs of rain that could make or
    break a season on the farm, I came to understand the deep
    connection between people and the land. Our farm bordered
    rivers and a gravel pit, which sparked my interest and
    fascination with both water, geology, and the natural systems
    that support them.
        That curiosity led me to pursue a science degree at Purdue
    University. I began my career in the private sector, working as
    a geologist and a hydrogeologist in Indiana, California, and
    even abroad, and I learned the intricacies of groundwater
    systems, seismic activity, the environment, and fishing. But I
    also realized that science alone was not enough. I needed sound
    policy to guide how to manage our natural resources. That
    realization brought me to Washington, D.C., where I joined the
    Senate staff of Senator Connie Mack, of Senator Rick Santorum,
    and, of course, of Senator Risch.
        During the time in the Senate, I have had the privilege of
    working with many of you members here and your staff, whether
    it was advancing hydropower legislation, supporting tribal
    water rights settlements, strengthening our water
    infrastructure, and of course the environment. I have seen
    firsthand the power of collaboration and the importance of
    science-based policymaking.
        I later earned my Ph.D. in Water Resources at the
    University of Alaska Fairbanks, where I was focused on
    hydrology and digital transformation.
        At the Department of the Interior, I was honored to serve
    twice, first under the George W. Bush administration, and later
    again as Assistant Secretary for Water and Science under the
    Trump administration. In those roles, I provided oversight for
    the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Reclamation,
    managing programs critical to our Nation's water security,
    science, and advancement.
        These experiences deepened my understanding of the complex
    interplay between science, policy, and public service. They
    also reinforced my belief that effective stewardship of our
    oceans and atmosphere requires not only technical expertise,
    but collaboration and a commitment to transparency.
        Most recently, I have served in the House of
    Representatives under Chairman Graves on the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure. This included work with the
    Army Corps of Engineers, the EPA, NOAA, and other key agencies.
        If confirmed, I will bring my full energy, experience, and
    dedication to advancing NOAA's mission. I will champion
    innovation, transparency, and collaboration. I will listen to
    the voices of the scientists, stakeholders, and all the
    communities involved. And I will work to ensure that our
    policies are grounded in sound science and guided by the public
    good.
        I look forward to supporting NOAA's dedicated workforce and
    advancing its critical work in oceanic research, weather
    forecasting, fishery monitoring, and environmental resilience.
    Together, we can ensure that our oceans and atmosphere are
    managed wisely, for today but also for future generations.
        Thank you again for your consideration. I look forward to
    your questions.
        [The prepared statement and biographical information of Mr.
    Petty follow:]

     Prepared Statement of Timothy R. Petty, Ph.D., Nominee for Assistant
      Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, U.S. Department of
                                    Commerce
        Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and distinguished Members
    of the Committee--thank you for the opportunity to appear before you
    today.
        I am deeply honored to be nominated by President Trump to serve as
    Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere at the
    Department of Commerce. I also want to thank Secretary Lutnick for his
    confidence in me, and Senator Risch for his kind introduction and for
    his steadfast leadership on behalf of the people of Idaho and the
    Nation.
        It is a privilege to be here, and I respectfully ask for your
    consideration and consent to this nomination.
        Before I begin, I'd like to take a moment to recognize my family.
    My wife, Elaine, is here with me today--her support has been my
    foundation throughout this journey. My parents and four siblings are
    watching remotely from the family farms back in Indiana. My mother,
    Esther, is 93, and my stepfather, Vernon, is 97. Their resilience,
    faith, and work ethic have been a guiding light in my life.
        I was born and raised on a family farm in Grant County, Indiana.
    Our farm was more than a livelihood--it was a classroom, and a place
    where I learned the values that have shaped my life: hard work, faith,
    and service. From milking cows before sunrise, to bailing hay in the
    summer heat, to watching the skies for signs of rain that could make or
    break a season, I came to understand the deep connection between people
    and the land. Our farm bordered a river and a gravel pit, which sparked
    my early fascination with water, geology, and the natural systems that
    sustain us.
        That curiosity led me to pursue a Bachelor of Science in
    Geosciences at Purdue University. I began my career in the private
    sector, working as a geologist and hydrogeologist in Indiana,
    California, and abroad. I learned the intricacies of groundwater
    systems, seismic activity, and the environment. But I also realized
    that science alone wasn't enough--we needed sound policy to guide how
    we manage our natural resources. That realization brought me to
    Washington, where I joined the Senate under Senator(s) Connie Mack,
    Rick Santorum, and Senator Risch.
        During my time in the Senate, I've had the privilege of working
    with many of you and your staff. Whether it was advancing hydropower
    legislation, supporting tribal water rights settlements, or
    strengthening our water infrastructure and environment, I've seen
    firsthand the power of collaboration and the importance of science-
    based policymaking.
        I later earned a Ph.D. in Water Resource Science from the
    University of Alaska Fairbanks. My doctoral research focused on surface
    hydrology and digital transformation--an area I pursued after
    witnessing the need for more timely and accurate flood forecasting
    during my time at the Interior.
        At the Department of the Interior, I was honored to serve twice--
    first under the George W. Bush Administration, and later as Assistant
    Secretary for Water and Science under the Trump Administration. In
    these roles, I provided oversight for the U.S. Geological Survey and
    the Bureau of Reclamation, managing programs critical to our Nation's
    water security and scientific advancement.
        These experiences deepened my understanding of the complex
    interplay between science, policy, and public service. They also
    reinforced my belief that effective stewardship of our oceans and
    atmosphere requires not only technical expertise, but collaboration,
    and a commitment to transparency.
        Most recently, I've served in the House of Representatives under
    Chairman Sam Graves on the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure, focusing on water resources and environment. This
    included work with the Army Corps of Engineers, the EPA, NOAA, and
    other key agencies whose missions are rooted in the protection and
    sustainable use of our water and coastal resources.
        If confirmed, I will bring my full energy, experience, and
    dedication to advancing NOAA's mission. I will champion innovation,
    transparency, and collaboration. I will listen to the voices of
    scientists, stakeholders, and communities. And I will work to ensure
    that our policies are grounded in sound science and guided by the
    public good.
        I look forward to supporting NOAA's dedicated workforce and
    advancing its critical work in oceanic research, weather forecasting,
    fishery monitoring, and environmental resilience. Together, we can
    ensure that our oceans and atmosphere are managed wisely--for today's
    needs and for future generations.
        Thank you again for considering my nomination. I look forward to
    your questions and to the opportunity to serve.
                                     ______

                          a. biographical information
        1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): A. Timothy
    Ray Petty or Tim Petty.
        2. Position to which nominated: Assistant Secretary of Commerce for
    Oceans and Atmosphere.
        3. Date of Nomination: August 1, 2025.
        4. Address (List of current place of residence and office
    addresses):

            Residence: Information not released to the public.
            Office: Information not provided.

        5. Date and Place of Birth: Marion, Indiana.
        6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your
    spouse (if married) or domestic partner, and the names and ages of your
    children (including stepchildren and children by a previous marriage).

            Elaine G. Petty (wife), Professional Staff, Endowment for
            Community Leadership.
            No children. No stepchildren.

        7. List all college and graduate schools attended, whether or not
    you were granted a degree by the institution. Provide the name of the
    institution, the dates attended, the degree received, and the date of
    the degree.

            Univ. of Alaska Fairbanks
                    School of Engineering & Mining
                    PhD: Doctor in Philosophy--May 2017
                    attended: 2012-2017

            University of Maryland Global Campus
                    Business Management School
                    Master's degree--April 1999
                    attended: 1998-1999

            Universiteit of Antwerpen, Belgium
                    Business School
                    (MS) Certificate w/Univ. of Maryland
                    attended: spring 1999

            King's University, Texas
                    Master's degree--May 1995
                    attended: 1987-1995

            Purdue University, Indiana
                    Bachelor of Science--May 1987
                    attended: 1984-1987

            Taylor University, Indiana
                    attended: 1982-1984 (transfer to Purdue U.)

        8. List all post-undergraduate employment, including the job title,
    name of employer, and inclusive dates of employment, and highlight all
    management-level jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to
    the position for which you are nominated.

            U.S. House of Representatives
                    House Committee on Transportation & Infrastructure
                    Subcommittee: Water & Environment
                    Senior Professional Staff
                    2022 to present
                    Chairman Sam Graves of Missouri
                    Oversight & Authorization: for (USACE) U.S. Army Corps
                    Engineers, (EPA) Environmental Protection Agency,
                    partial (NOAA) National Oceanic & Atmospheric
                    Administration, (USDA--NRCS) U.S. Department of
                    Agriculture--National Resources Conservation Service,
                    Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence Seaway (DOT)

            U.S. Senate
                    Senator James Risch (ID)
                    Senior Advisor
                    2021-2022
                    Natural Resources & Water

            U.S. Dept of the Interior
                    Secretary David Bernhardt
                    Assistant Secretary of Water & Science
                    2018-2021
                    Bureau of Reclamation & U.S. Geological Survey

            U.S. Senate
                    Senator James Risch (ID)
                    Deputy Legislative Director
                    2009-2017
                    Natural Resources & Water

            U.S. Dept of the Interior
                    Secretary Dirk Kempthorne
                    Deputy Assistant Secretary of Water & Science
                    2006-2009
                    Bureau of Reclamation & U.S. Geological Survey

            U.S. Senate
                    Senator Connie Mack (FL)
                    Senator Rick Santorum (PA)
                    Professional Staff
                    1999-2006

            U.S. Dept of Energy
                    Office of Nuclear Energy (NN-30)
                    Professional Staff
                    1996-1998

            Professional Engineering Services (1988-1995)
                    Alton Geoscience
                            Hydrogeologist
                    Environmental Geoscience Engineering
                            Staff Geologist
                    ICG Geotechnical Services
                            Staff Geologist

        9. Attach a copy of your resume.
        Professional resume attached to document
        10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time
    service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other
    than those listed above after 18 years of age.

            Advisory: Duties, oversight, and responsibilities as Deputy
            Assistant Secretary and Assistant Secretary, Dept of Interior
            Water & Science

            Consultative: Duties as a professional geotechnical engineer
            via my duties with engineering companies listed above.

            Honorary: None

            Part-time services: None

        11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee,
    partner, proprietor, agent, representative, or consultant of any
    corporation, company, firm, partnership, or other business, enterprise,
    educational, or other institution.

            Officer: None

            Director: None

            Trustee: None

            Partner: None

            Proprietor: None

            Agent: None

            Representative: None

            Consultant Corporation: None

            Consultant Company: Duties for engineering companies listed
            above

            Consultant Firm: None

            Consultant Partnership: None

            Consultant Business: None

            Consultant Enterprise: None

            Consultant Education: None

            Consultant Institution: None

        12. List all memberships you have had after 18 years of age or
    currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational,
    political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religiously
    affiliated organization, private club, or other membership organization
    (You do not have to list your religious affiliation or membership in a
    religious house of worship or institution). Include dates of membership
    and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note
    whether any such club or organization restricts membership on the basis
    of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.

            Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society Member (since 2017)

            Golden Key International Honor Society Member (since 1995)

            American Geophysical Union Member (since 2014)

        13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office
    (elected, non-elected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any
    campaign has any outstanding debt, the amount, and whether you are
    personally liable for that debt. No.
        14. List all memberships and offices held with and services
    rendered to, whether compensated or not, any political party or
    election committee within the past ten years. If you have held a paid
    position or served in a formal or official advisory position (whether
    compensated or not) in a political campaign within the past ten years,
    identify the particulars of the campaign, including the candidate, year
    of the campaign, and your title and responsibilities. None.
        15. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign
    organization, political party, political action committee, or similar
    entity of $200 or more for the past ten years.

            National Republican Committee
                    2025: 29 August: $250;
                    2024: 18 October: $10; 6 August: $50: 10 June: $10
                    2023: $0;
                    2022: $100;
                    2021: $0; 2020: $0; 2019: $0; 2018: $0; 2017: $0; 2016:
                    $0;
                    2015: $0

        16. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary
    society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition
    for outstanding service or achievements.

            Scholarships: None

            Fellowship:
                    National Academies Sciences (class of 2023-24)
                    Sea Grant Fellow (summer 2015)

            Honorary Degrees: None

            Honorary Society Memberships:
                    Phi Kappa Phi
                    Golden Key

            Military: None

            Outstanding Service: 2 Federal Star Awards (2007 & 2008)

        17. List all books, articles, columns, letters to the editor,
    Internet blog postings, or other publications you have authored,
    individually or with others. Include a link to each publication when
    possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the
    publication when available.

            Books: None

            Articles: None

            Columns: None

            Letters to Editor: None

            Internet Blogs: None

            Publications:

                    UAF Dissertation: ``Flood Hazard Hydrology''
                            https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/handle/11122/
                            7633

                    Springer: ``Bridging policy and science action
                    boundaries''
                            https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/
                            s11077-018-9311-y

                    JAWRA: ``Streamflow Hydrology Estimates using Machine
                    Learning''
                            https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12555

                    Journal of Geographic Information System: ``Flood
                    Forecasting GIS Water-Flow Visualization Enhancement
                    (WaVE)''
                            https://www.scirp.org/journal/
                            paperinformation?paperid=72935

        18. List all speeches, panel discussions, and presentations (e.g.,
    PowerPoint) that you have given on topics relevant to the position for
    which you have been nominated. Include a link to each publication when
    possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the
    speech or presentation when available.

            Senate ENR Nomination Hearing for Tim Petty (2017)
                    https://www.doi.gov/ocl/nomination-timothy-petty

            Senate Budget presentation to House Appropriations Committee
                    ASWS Testimony on FY 2020 Budget Before the Senate Sub-
                    Committee on Energy and Water Development

            Senate Indian Affairs Committee
                    https://www.indian.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/
                    6.24.20_ASPetty_Testi
                    mony_on_S_3019.pdf

            Senate subcommittee on Energy & Water Appropriations
                    https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/
                    03.11.20--Petty%
                    20Testimony.pdf

        19. List all public statements you have made during the past ten
    years, including statements in news articles and radio and podcasts and
    television appearances, which are on topics relevant to the position
    for which you have been nominated, including dates. Include a link to
    each statement when possible. If a link is not available, provide a
    digital copy of the statement when available.

        Statements & Interviews in news Articles:

            Hydro Leader Magazine
                    Dr. Tim Petty on the New Water Management Executive
                    Order--Hydro Leader

            Senate ENR on CSKT Water Right testimony
                    https://flatheadbeacon.com/2020/06/27/bill-settle-cskt-
                    water-rights-gains-senate-committee-support/

            Municipal Water Leader article
                    Dr. Tim Petty: How the Water Subcabinet Promotes
                    Progress--Municipal Water Leader Magazine

            Justia Patents article notice
                    Timothy R. Petty Inventions, Patents and Patent
                    Applications--Justia Patents Search

            Idaho Stateman
                    Idaho Sen. Risch aide named to Interior water, science
                    job | Idaho Statesman

            U.S. Dept. of Interior announcement Co-Chair Drought
            Partnership
                    https://edit.doi.gov/pressreleases/interior-assistant-
                    secretary-water-and-science-tim-petty-named-co-chair-
                    national

            California Water News Daily
                    https://californiawaternewsdaily.com/industry/
                    president-trump-appoints-tim-petty-for-interior-
                    department-secretary-zinke-cheers-the-nomination/

            Radio: None

            Podcasts: None

            Television: None

        20. List all digital platforms (including social media and other
    digital content sites) on which you currently or have formerly operated
    an account, regardless of whether or not the account was held in your
    name or an alias. Include the full name of an ``alias'' or ``handle'',
    including the complete URL and username with hyperlinks, you have used
    on each of the named platforms. Indicate whether the account is active,
    deleted, or dormant. Include a link to each account if possible.

            LinkedIn: Tim Petty PhD | LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/
            in/tim-petty
            -phd-5b46aaba/)

            WhatsApp: Phone calls only: name under ``Tim Petty''

            Facebook: None

            Tik Tok: None

            Telegram: None

            Instagram: None

            Snapchat: None

            Twitter: None

        21. Please identify each instance in which you have testified
    orally or in writing before Congress in a governmental or non-
    governmental capacity and specify the date, committee, and subject
    matter of each testimony.

            Senate Energy & Natural Resources nomination written testimony
                    https://www.energy.senate.gov/services/files/1AC9D7DB-
                    808A-4ACA-88D0-26479B7C8117

            Senate Energy & Natural Resources testimony on H.R. 1967
                    https://www.energy.senate.gov/services/files/92F18793-
                    6965-435D-B35A-E1194724729C

            Senate Energy & Natural Resources Hearing (Dec. 5, 2017)
                    Full Committee Hearing to Consider DOE, DOI Nominees--
                    U.S. Senate Committee on Tim Petty.
                    Senate Hearing. 115-338--Timothy Petty NOMINATIONS |
                    Congress.gov | Library of Congress

            House Committee on Natural Resources Bio
                    https://naturalresources.house.gov/uploadedfiles/
                    3.21_resume_petty.pdf

            Budget presentation to House Appropriations Committee
                    ASWS Testimony on FY 2020 Budget Before the Senate Sub-
                    Committee on Energy and Water Development

            Senate subcommittee Energy & Natural Resources (S. 3001)
                    https://www.energy.senate.gov/services/files/916FC45F-
                    5A34-4515-B6F4-45741D357740
                    https://www.usbr.gov/newsroomold/testimony/
                    detail.cfm?RecordID=3344

            Senate ENR Committee on WIFIA (June 13, 2018)
                    https://www.energy.senate.gov/services/files/17C5D812-
                    8409-43CE-841D-5C0DE04F6853

        22. Given the current mission, major programs, and major
    operational objectives of the department/agency/commission/corporation
    to which you have been nominated, what in your background or employment
    experience do you believe affirmatively qualifies you for appointment
    to the position for which you have been nominated, and why do you wish
    to serve in that position?
        Response: My qualifications for the role of Assistant Secretary for
    NOAA are deeply rooted in my extensive background in water science and
    geoscience. My career spans both the private sector and significant
    roles within government, including work in Congressional offices for
    the Senate, a Committee for the House of Representatives, and service
    in two previous administrations at the Department of the Interior. This
    diverse experience directly aligns with NOAA's mission, major programs,
    and operational objectives.
        NOAA's mission centers on understanding and predicting changes in
    oceans, coasts and weather, and safeguarding and managing coastal and
    marine ecosystems. My career reflects a strong alignment with these
    goals including:
        Expertise in Water and Science Leadership and Continued Federal
    Leadership: As the Assistant Secretary for Water and Science at the
    U.S. Department of the Interior during the first Trump administration,
    I oversaw policy development for the Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S.
    Geological Survey. These agencies maintain close collaboration with
    NOAA, particularly in areas such as hydrology, coastal modeling,
    satellite imagery, remote sensing technology, biological surveys,
    research methodology, and ecosystem management. My executive experience
    also includes prior service as Deputy Assistant Secretary and Acting
    Assistant Secretary for Water and Science under President George W.
    Bush, demonstrating ongoing experience in these fields. These positions
    represent a background in Federal leadership.
        Policy and Legislative Experience: My policy background complements
    NOAA's operational objectives and includes Congressional Service as
    Senior Professional Staff for House Transportation and Infrastructure
    on the subcommittee for Water Resources and the Environment.
    Additionally, I have served as Deputy Legislative Director and
    Legislative Assistant for Senator James Risch, Senator Rick Santorum,
    and Senator Connie Mack, focusing on issues related to water, natural
    resources, environment, science, and technology.
        Field Experience in Geoscience and Hydrology: My field experience
    includes work as a geologist and hydrogeologist. These roles gave me
    hands-on expertise in water quality research, surface and subsurface
    hydrology, atmospheric weather, coastal research, and digital mapping--
    areas critical to NOAA's environmental monitoring and coastal
    resilience efforts.
        Academic and Technical Foundation: I hold a PhD in Water Science
    from the University of Alaska Fairbanks, an MS in Business Management
    from the University of Maryland, and a BS in Geosciences from Purdue
    University. This academic background provides a strong scientific and
    technical foundation that supports NOAA's mandates.
        Personal Motivation and Commitment: Finally, my personal motivation
    and commitment during my 26 years of Federal service to the United
    States reveals a deep-rooted passion for water resources, atmospheric
    research, and environmental stewardship. Early experiences on a family
    farm in Indiana stimulated a fascination with water, biology, geology,
    and animal life. My aspiration for this role is grounded in a
    dedication to public service, scientific integrity, and advancing
    environmental sustainability.
        23. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to
    ensure that the department/agency/commission/corporation has proper
    management and accounting controls, and what experience do you have in
    managing a large organization?
        Response: If confirmed as the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for
    Oceans and Atmosphere, I believe my principal responsibility is to
    ensure that NOAA operates with integrity, transparency, and
    accountability. This involves establishing and maintaining robust
    management and accounting controls to safeguard public resources,
    promote efficiency, and uphold the trust placed in me by Congress and
    the American people.
        I will prioritize strategic oversight of each of NOAA's line
    offices, making certain that the agency's mission--across ocean
    science, fisheries management, biological survey and science,
    atmospheric advancement, and all areas of remote sensing technology and
    operations--is supported by sound governance structures as outlined by
    Congress. These structures will include clear performance metrics to
    measure progress and impact.
        Collaboration with leadership and Chief Financial Officer will be
    central to my approach. Together, we will work to strengthen financial
    stewardship by implementing internal controls, enforcing compliance
    with Federal financial regulations, and ensuring that reporting is both
    timely and accurate. I will review and implement management processes
    as necessary to identify and mitigate risks associated with critical
    operational platforms, financial impacts, and areas of concern within
    NOAA's priority mission areas. This will be especially important in
    high-impact sectors such as operational research, grant distribution,
    procurement, and the maintenance of science and data integrity--all
    with complete transparency for the American people.
        With a workforce of over 12,000 NOAA employees, I will foster a
    culture of leadership, accountability, and innovation throughout all
    line offices. This includes investing in leadership development,
    streamlining decision-making processes, and ensuring every employee
    understands how their work contributes to NOAA's overall mission,
    purpose and need.
        My previous experience includes leading large multidisciplinary
    teams in both the public and private sectors. In my prior role at the
    Department of Interior, I oversaw more than 14,000 employees across a
    comparable scale and complexity. My responsibilities there involved
    managing a multimillion-dollar budget, navigating Federal compliance
    frameworks, and driving performance improvements across geographically
    dispersed units.
        Additionally, I have worked in science-driven environments where
    collaboration among researchers, technologists, and policy experts was
    essential--experience that closely aligns with NOAA's structure and
    culture.
        Ultimately, I view this role not only as a managerial challenge,
    but as a stewardship opportunity. NOAA's work affects every American,
    from ocean health to weather forecasts, and I am committed to ensuring
    that our operations reflect the highest standards of public service.
        24. What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the
    department/agency/commission/corporation, and why?
        Response: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    (NOAA) encounters complex questions from various private, public, and
    congressional stakeholders regarding ocean and atmospheric issues.
        Adequate staffing and constrained financial resources continue to
    affect its operations. I believe the following are three significant
    challenges currently facing the agency:

      1)  Workforce: NOAA manages a staff with extensive expertise.
            Adjusting operational capacity and skills alongside emerging
            technologies remains ongoing. The key challenge is aligning
            workforce capabilities with mission priorities as determined by
            Congress. Maintaining institutional knowledge and continuity in
            scientific research is necessary, as is balancing credible
            science with established priorities.

      2)  Budget Resources: Congressional requirements and statutory
            mandates consistently put pressure on NOAA's budget. Upcoming
            Fiscal Years will require prioritization of funding for ocean
            research, fishery sustainability, coastal resource management,
            and atmospheric forecasting, all of which pose substantial
            demands on available funds.

      3)  Organizational Disruption: Changes in leadership can directly
            impact organizational structure. Addressing workforce and
            budget considerations may lead to modifications within NOAA and
            its relationships with private and commercial institutions. The
            agency will need to build upon established stewardship roles to
            forecast oceanic and atmospheric risks and incorporate new
            technology and datasets. Enhanced coordination will be
            necessary for NOAA to address both national and global
            environmental concerns.

        These challenges are central to NOAA's responsibilities, affecting
    areas such as agriculture, fisheries, aviation, transportation, weather
    forecasting, coastal communities, and inland impacts.
                       b. potential conflicts of interest
        1. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation
    agreements, and other continuing dealings with business associates,
    clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement
    accounts, such as a 401(k) or pension plan. (Please Note* Form 278e
    provided)

            Financial arrangements: None

            Deferred Compensation Agreements: None

            Business associates: None

            Clients: None

            Customers: None

            Retirement Accounts: TSP

            Pension Plan: FERS Retirement

        2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal,
    to maintain employment, affiliation, or practice with any business,
    association, or other organization during your appointment? If so,
    please explain.

            Agreements: None

            Affiliations: None

            Businesses: None

            Associations: None

            Organizations: None

        3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other
    relationships which could involve potential conflicts of interest in
    the position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will
    resolve each potential conflict of interest.

            Investments: None with potential conflicts of interest

            Obligations: None with potential conflicts of interest

            Liabilities: None with potential conflicts of interest

            Relationships: None with potential conflicts of interest

        4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial
    transaction which you have had during the last ten years, whether for
    yourself, on behalf of a client, or acting as an agent, that could in
    any way constitute or result in a possible conflict of interest in the
    position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will resolve
    each potential conflict of interest.

            Business Relationships: None

            Business Dealings: None

            Financial Transactions: None

            Behalf of a client: None

            Acting as an Agent: None

        5. Identify any other potential conflicts of interest and explain
    how you will resolve each potential conflict of interest.

            Other potential conflicts: None

        6. Describe any activity during the past ten years, including the
    names of clients represented, in which you have been engaged for the
    purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or
    modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and
    execution of law or public policy.

            Activities, names of clients, legislation: None

            Activities, direct influence, legislation: None

            Activities, indirect influence, legislation: None

            Activities, affecting the administration & execution of law:
            None

            Activities, affecting the administration & execution of public
            policy: None
                                c. legal matters
        1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics,
    professional misconduct, or retaliation by, or been the subject of a
    complaint to, any court, administrative agency, the Office of Special
    Counsel, an Inspector General, professional association, disciplinary
    committee, or other professional group?

        Legal discipline: No

        Breach of ethics: No

        Professional misconduct: No

        Retaliation: No

        Subject of a complaint: No

        If yes: (N/A--Nonapplicable for a-d)

      a.  Provide the name of the court, agency, association, committee, or
            group.

      b.  Provide the date the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or
            personnel action was issued or initiated.

      c.  Describe the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or
            personnel action;

      d.  Provide the results of the citation, disciplinary action,
            complaint, or personnel action.

        2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by
    any Federal, State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal,
    State, county, municipal, or foreign government entity, other than for
    a minor traffic offense?

        Yes, State of Virginia. Speeding ticket.
        If so, please explain: July 2008, Fairfax County, VA, speeding
    ticket on motorcycle. 55 mph in 25 mph zone. Misdemeanor reckless for
    speeding. Speeding ticket disposed of October 2008.
        3. Have you or any business or nonprofit of which you are or were
    an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency
    proceeding, criminal proceeding, or civil litigation?
        No.
        If so, please explain. Not Applicable.
        4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or nolo
    contendere) of any criminal violation other than a minor traffic
    offense?
        Yes.
        If so, please explain. July 2008, speeding ticket, plea of quilty
    for speeding in Fairfax Country, VA ticket for misdemeanor speeding.
        5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual
    assault, sexual harassment, or discrimination on the basis of sex,
    race, religion, or any other basis?
        No.
        If so, please explain. Not Applicable.
        6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information,
    favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in
    connection with your nomination. None.
                         d. relationship with committee
        1. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation complies with deadlines for information set by
    congressional committees, and that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation endeavors to timely comply with requests for information
    from individual Members of Congress, including requests from members in
    the minority? Yes.
        2. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation does whatever it can to protect congressional witnesses and
    whistleblowers from reprisal for their testimony and disclosures? Yes.
        3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested
    witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with
    firsthand knowledge of matters of interest to the Committee? Yes.
        4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly
    constituted committee of the Congress on such occasions as you may be
    reasonably requested to do so? Yes.
                                     ______

    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                                     ______

      Addendum to the questionnaire submitted to the Senate Committee on
      Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 119th Congress by Timothy R.
                                     Petty
        Part A, Q18--Please add the following presentations and panelist
    discussions:

        i. ``Using GIS in the Senate''--November 14, 2017--Library of
    Congress

        ii. ``Senior Federal Agency Water Officials Panel--Improving Inter-
    agency Coordination for Water Supply Reliability''--December 13, 2019--
    Colorado River Water Users Association

        iii. ``Plenary Session 4: Integrated Geospatial Platform and
    Services: Towards a Digital Economy''--January 13, 2020--GeoBuiz Summit

        iv. The Trump Water Subcabinet: ``Decisions Made at the Speed of
    Trust''--February 21, 2020--Family Farm Alliance Conference

        v. Rep. Dan Newhouse (R-WA) virtual roundtable on the Grand Coulee
    Dam--August 12, 2020

        Part A, Q21--Please add the following statements before Congress:

        i. March 14, 2018--House Appropriations Committee, Energy and Water
    Development, and Related Agencies Subcommittee Hearing on The F.Y. 2019
    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Bureau of Reclamation Budget

        ii. March 22, 2018--Senate Energy & Natural Resources Committee
    Hearing to Examine the 2018 Western Water Supply Outlook and Bills
    Related to Water Infrastructure and Drought Resiliency

        iii. April 12, 2018--House Committee on Natural Resources,
    Subcommittee on Water, Power, and Oceans Hearing on Examining the
    Proposed Fiscal Year 2019 Spending, Priorities and Missions of the
    Bureau of Reclamation and the Four Power Marketing Administrations

        iv. April 18, 2018--Senate Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee
    on Energy and Water Development Hearing on the FY2019 Budget Request
    for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers & Bureau of Reclamation

        v. March 27, 2019--(Incorrectly linked to Senate testimony in
    questionnaire) House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on Energy
    and Water Development Hearing on Army Corps of Engineers and Bureau of
    Reclamation Fiscal 2020 Budget Request

        vi. April 10, 2019--Senate Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee
    on Energy and Water Development Hearing on FY2020 Budget Requests for
    Army Corps of Engineers & Bureau of Reclamation

        vii. March 10, 2020 -House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee
    on Energy and Water Development Hearing on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
    and Bureau of Reclamation Budget Requests for FY2021

        viii. June 24, 2020--Senate Committee on Indian Affairs,
    Legislative Hearing to receive testimony on S. 2165, S. 2716, S. 2912,
    S. 3019, S. 3044, S. 3099 & S. 3100

        In Part A, Q20--Please add the following dormant LinkedIn account:

        1. https://www.linkedin.com/in/tim-petty-37770b4

        In Part A, Q10--Please add that I served as co-chair of the
    National Drought Resilience Partnership.

        Chairman Cruz. Thank you. President Trump has been vocal
    about restoring American maritime dominance. I think most
    Americans would be disturbed to learn that our ports are light
    years behind Europe and Asia in using automated technology. You
    only have to look at the supply chain snarls outside of
    California's ports from a few years ago to see how poorly our
    country did at moving cargo quickly from ship to shore.
        Mr. Carmel, why are American ports so archaic compared to
    their foreign counterparts?
        Mr. Carmel. Thank you, Senator. We are, no question about
    it, in terms of our ability to productivity, behind. There is a
    variety of reasons, some of which I was just not around for.
    The real issue, though, at the end of the day is using
    technology in a way that leverages labor, makes labor more
    productive, and allows us to compete at the level of foreign
    ports. We should use technology in a way that does not displace
    jobs. We should use technology in a way that enhances them and
    magnifies them so that workers can be productive. But at the
    end of the day it is productivity that we have to deal with.
        Chairman Cruz. Is the problem a lack of Federal spending or
    too much red tape and other factors?
        Mr. Carmel. I think it is a combination of both.
    Regulations certainly can get in the way, and I think that some
    of it is just inertia, I think, to be honest with you. So we
    have to ignite an innovation drive. I know that the SHIPS Act
    has innovation in it. I know that MARAD has the Maritime
    Innovation Center. Waterfront Workers has an innovation
    section. So there are three actual competing programs for
    innovation. We need to leverage them, make sure that they are
    used in a way that is synergistic and provide value rather than
    compete, and find ways to make our workforce productive, make
    sure that the workforce understands that the waterfront is a
    good place to have a long, productive career, a good place to
    raise families, and deal with it that way.
        Chairman Cruz. OK. Mr. Petty, NOAA reviews offshore oil and
    gas activities for compliance with NEPA, the Endangered Species
    Act, and the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Key regulations for
    the incidental take of marine mammals are set to expire in
    April 2026. The expiration of these regulations would curtail
    geophysical activities related to oil and gas exploration and
    production in the Gulf of America.
        If confirmed, will you ensure that these incidental take
    regulations are renewed by April 2026, to prevent any
    permitting delays?
        Mr. Petty. Chairman, thank you for that question. It is an
    important one, and we need to make sure that we have the focus
    on these areas of regulation. I look forward to getting into
    the department and looking specifically at all the priorities
    that are set, at what are coming due, that we can address them
    immediately. The President and the Administration, as well as
    the Secretary, has said that we need to focus on regulatory,
    making it focused and short, so that we can move things but do
    it right, and that is the commitment that I make, is making
    sure that the laws are met, that the regulations are quick and
    decisive and clear, moving forward.
        Chairman Cruz. Well, and I can certainly echo that it is
    the President's commitment and Secretary Lutnick's commitment
    to move swiftly and not to have permitting delays. So I trust
    that you, when confirmed, will implement a streamlining to
    ensure that permitting can move forward efficiently.
        How do you hope to streamline the environmental permitting
    process, beyond ensuring timely renewal of the incidental take
    regulations?
        Mr. Petty. Again, I look forward to getting in, if
    confirmed. But streamlining, I think, needs to be a partnership
    with not only the different agencies that have oversight, not
    only Commerce but Interior and other agencies, but they need to
    be looking at that not in a kind of a rail where it is what
    goes from one car to the next car to the next, but all tracks
    are parallel, working together. And I think we can do that with
    the technology of interacting with the resources of the
    regulatory so we can all be looking at them at the same time
    and moving things much more quickly versus the old method,
    which is when one packet is done it gets moved to another
    committee.
        Chairman Cruz. OK. And this last question is for our two
    Federal Maritime Commission nominees. The Federal Maritime
    Commission has a narrow mission--ensuring a competitive ocean
    transportation system. Mr. Harvey, Ms. DiBella, what are the
    statutory functions of the FMC, and will you commit, if
    confirmed, to staying within the bounds of your authority? Mr.
    Harvey, we will start with you.
        Mr. Harvey. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. The statutory
    commitments are to create, have a reliable ocean transportation
    system, I think that we would stay in our lane in terms of our
    jurisdiction, that we are there to review the agreements that
    are filed with our agency to assure that those are fair and
    reasonable and not anti-competitive. We also have an
    enforcement division, and I believe in regulation, to ensure
    that competitiveness and enforcement, when necessary, of those.
    And we have an adjudication process to make sure that all the
    players in the system can get their disputes resolved quickly.
    But I would look to stay in our lane, and I would hope to have
    marketplace solutions to these problems.
        Chairman Cruz. Ms. DiBella.
        Ms. DiBella. I echo Mr. Harvey's statement, all of it. And
    taking it a step further, we will work very collaboratively
    with other agency, like MARAD and Service Transportation Board,
    whomever would be involved with the matter at hand, in assuring
    that the whole system is being addressed. And I think that is
    the overarching, you know, outside the statutory
    responsibilities that we have. We are responsible for the
    entire system to be efficiently and competitive and also
    reliable.
        So that is really the crux of the conversation, you know,
    how do we do that, is addressing the business needs, either
    businesses that are operating here in the United States or
    those that are looking to operate here. And we are functioning
    as that authority that is responding to their inquiries, to
    their needs, and then taking action as appropriate.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Ranking Member Cantwell.
        Senator Cantwell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Lots of
    questions. I will try to get through as many of them as I can.
    Mr. Carmel, do you support the Jones Act?
        Mr. Carmel. Yes, Senator, I do.
        Senator Cantwell. Thank you, and thank you for your vision
    for a maritime nation. You and I had a chance to talk about
    many issues related to that shipbuilding financing. We did not
    spend as much time talking in my office, though, about
    workforce issues, so I want to bring up, what do you think we
    need to do to deal with the serious shortage? And clearly the
    Senate has been very concerned about sexual assault and sexual
    crime at sea, passing legislation reform, and looking for new
    leadership to make sure that the Academy is acquiring a
    workforce that is well aware of what the conduct should be.
        So if you have thoughts about what we should do there?
        Mr. Carmel. Thank you, Senator. Yes, one of the biggest
    things we have to do for the workforce of the future is ensure
    that the workforce understands the future will be there. It is
    very difficult to attract people into the industry if they are
    afraid that a year or two, the ship that they signed on is
    going to be gone, they are not going to have a job.
        So building a stable, credible maritime industry that can
    produce a ladder for a career path that is going to be around
    for a while, I think is one of the biggest things we have to
    do. We have to do a better job at educating the American
    student body about what is out there, that the maritime
    industry is just a good place for good jobs.
        And training programs. We tend to often focus straight on
    officers, like Kings Point, but ships do not run without
    unlicensed, as well. So we need to make sure that that pipeline
    is also operating the way it should. Full marks to the unions,
    the SIU, in particular, are very good at that sort of stuff,
    but we need to support them. I know that the SHIPS Act and, I
    think, the Waterfront Workers Act both have training money in
    there for that.
        In terms of King's Point, we have a long way to go to get
    King's Point fixed. No question about it.
        Senator Cantwell. You are referring to now on the sexual
    assault issues?
        Mr. Carmel. Yes, ma'am. And overall. Overall. You know, at
    the end of the day King's Point is an academic institution. We
    need to make sure that when both students and instructors walk
    through the gate to that place they are proud to be there. I
    think that has a lot to do with the attitude of people. I think
    that the discipline instilled in the regimental system could
    probably stand a little bit of tightening up, and I think that
    will help.
        But at the end of the day it is common sense. It is making
    sure that people treat each other with respect. That is not
    that hard of a concept. And I know it sounds stupid because we
    have had failures in the past, but we have to really hammer
    that home--at sea, at shore, period.
        Senator Cantwell. We will look for your leadership on that.
    Dr. Petty, if you could comment on support for PCSRF, stock
    assessments, and a NOAA Organic Act?
        Mr. Petty. Yes, Senator. Thank you for the question. First
    of all, stock assessment. That is a high priority for the
    Administration, along with the executive order that prioritizes
    the stock assessment. I look forward to working with now-
    confirmed Under Secretary Neil Jacobs on specifically
    implementing and making sure we have the resources and
    personnel to get those stock assessments done.
        Senator Cantwell. OK. PCSRF you support?
        Mr. Petty. Yes.
        Senator Cantwell. NOAA Organic Act?
        Mr. Petty. Yes, absolutely, Senator. Looking forward to
    working with you on----
        Senator Cantwell. OK.
        Mr. Petty. Yep.
        Senator Cantwell. A little reverse approach than what
    Senator Cruz asked, you know, is we need the Federal Maritime
    Commission obviously working with the MARAD nominee here, to
    assure that both American consumers and American exporters are
    not taken advantage of. So Mr. Harvey, it was good to hear your
    detail of experience on the technology side. Mr. Carmel and I
    had a great conversation about blockchains and immutable
    manifests and great things that might help us accelerate our
    leadership position on supply chain issues.
        But you also mentioned unfair and deceptive practices, and
    that clearly was what was happening to us, and I do not think
    most Americans understand. We do not control shipping today. I
    mean, we control calling on our ports, but these are basically
    big international carriers that tried to dictate to us what
    business was going to be like. So thank God we passed a new law
    and gave more authority to the Commission.
        So what do you have in mind when you are looking at unfair
    and deceptive practices, again when we are going to try to
    build the maritime nation again under the leadership here that
    we are talking about? But we also have to show to the
    international community that is calling on our ports that we
    are going to be serious about unsubstantiated increases in
    rates, or practices where they are leaving us high and dry on
    the docks with our U.S. products.
        Mr. Harvey. Thank you. That is where the reviewing of the
    agreements, watching the alliances that operate to make sure
    that there are not anti-competitive practices, because it is a
    unique--I will use this word again--ecosystem in the maritime
    industry where there is very limited amount of providers and
    agreements that, on one hand, could be helpful to making the
    system more efficient and making capacity more available. But
    they are also very capable of becoming anti-competitive.
        Senator Cantwell. I just want to clarify. So you are not
    afraid to use that authority in ways when you see problems that
    exist?
        Mr. Harvey. No, ma'am.
        Senator Cantwell. OK.
        Mr. Harvey. And when I saw it in the securities industry,
    now regulation is an important part of what we do in
    rulemaking, but I would say that nothing gets an industry
    member's attention like an enforcement action, when that is
    necessary. I was on the other end of those, so I know when
    those get filed, it is attention getting, for sure.
        Senator Cantwell. Great. Thank you. Thank you, Mr.
    Chairman. I will have whatever comments you have on that, Ms.
    DiBella for the record. You have had more involvement in this,
    so I think we have some understanding of your record. Thank
    you.
        Ms. DiBella. Oh, sure. I appreciate that. Thank you very
    much. I would say, you know, that the carriers make the market,
    so it is a bit of a balance that we have to have with them. I
    appreciate their role in all of this. However, we do need to,
    and do, provide some good oversight. And I hope for additional
    transparency that relationship will, shall we say, improve and
    we will be able to have a more efficient system.
        Senator Cantwell. Thank you.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Fischer.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. DEB FISCHER,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM NEBRASKA

        Senator Fischer. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Carmel, as
    you know there are three programs that ensure U.S. flagged
    vessels are available for the sealift: the Jones Act, Cargo
    Preference, and the Maritime Security Program. What importance
    do you put on those programs?
        Mr. Carmel. All three programs are critical to sustaining
    the fleet we have now. They are not, on their own, going to
    help us grow it, but they are critical to making sure we do not
    go backward.
        Senator Fischer. Do you have any ideas on ways that MARAD
    could possibly improve on those programs?
        Mr. Carmel. Those programs themselves do what they are
    intended to do. The Maritime Security Program, one of the
    problems with the Maritime Security Program that we
    experience--and it is actually, at the end of the day, it is
    also the Tanker Security Program, which is another one--rely on
    government preference cargo. At the end of the day it is not
    about ships. It is about cargo. Our whole industry is built on
    cargo. If we do not have enough cargo, how many ships we have
    is irrelevant. And so we need to do a better job of generating
    cargo.
        Now, for the Maritime Security Program and the Tanker
    Security Program we are talking about preference cargos. There
    is not enough of that around really to scale either program. So
    we also need to find ways to generate cargo that does not come
    from the American taxpayer. If we want the size of fleet that
    we are talking about, we are going to have to get our fleet
    back to carrying a nation's commerce, not just focused on the
    military.
        Senator Fischer. In any potential conflict, though, our
    sealift assets will be indispensable, so that we can take care
    of our forces, so that material can transit to the theater of
    operations. The Ready Reserve Force fleet is a key component of
    our sealift capability, but because of systemic underinvestment
    its readiness has suffered. Would you agree with that?
        Mr. Carmel. No question. Yes, ma'am.
        Senator Fischer. Great. Given your operational and your
    corporate experience, how can MARAD work better with industry
    to revive that Ready Reserve Force?
        Mr. Carmel. Well, there are two programs in place right
    now. One is, which is still being, I guess, working through the
    legislative process, which is building ships for the Ready
    Reserve Force. The other one is the buy used new ships. That
    puts a band-aid on a problem. That gets ships into the fleet
    relatively quickly. Like there are still ships that sit at the
    dock and do not really do anything.
        Senator Fischer. Do you think you would need any additional
    authorities to better execute that recapitalization of that
    force?
        Mr. Carmel. I would have to get in the building and
    understand what MARAD is doing on that now. But what we are
    doing right now is heading down the same path we have always
    headed down and got us to where we are today.
        Senator Fischer. Thank you, sir. The FMC has undertaken
    significant efforts to enhance port efficiency, and has taken a
    closer look at detention practices. The FMC can play a crucial
    role in improving port operations. Ms. DiBella and Mr. Harvey,
    if confirmed, what specific criteria will you prioritize to
    ensure agreements align with FMC standards and facilitate
    efficient freight movement overall?
        Ms. DiBella. Thank you for the question. In regards to
    detention and truly any matter, I think taking, once confirmed,
    and once I am able to be briefed fully on many of these issues,
    I believe, again going back to more transparency, understanding
    the realities of why certain cargo, certain containers are left
    and are resulting in such detention and demurrage charges, I
    think uncovering really where the inefficiencies are. You know,
    truly, and going back to what I had said before, looking at
    things systematically. Going back to the supply chain crisis,
    the issues at the waterfront were largely contributed to the
    interior.
        So it is truly taking a very comprehensive look at every
    aspect of the supply chain and understanding exactly where the
    issue is created, and taking action in that regard. It could be
    elsewhere. It could be maybe not in the interior. It could be
    far off in another, you know, 3,000 miles away in the ocean.
    But it is just really taking a very comprehensive look.
        Senator Fischer. Thank you. Mr. Harvey, anything to add?
        Mr. Harvey. Thank you, Senator. Just to add to that, I am
    an investor in technology for the state of Florida, and I want
    to ensure that regulations that are coming from the FMC
    encourage innovation. Some of these problems, especially in
    detention, can be solved, by, for instance, we invested in a
    last mile delivery entity, and that is multimodal. So it is the
    ship, the rail, the truck.
        So I think that if we can create fair and competitive
    markets, private capital is going to flow and help to solve
    some of these problems, whether it is fixing these types of
    problems or even the larger problems with port renovation and
    upgrading, which is a huge capital lift there that probably is
    not just for government alone.
        Senator Fischer. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Moreno.

                   STATEMENT OF HON. BERNIE MORENO,
                         U.S. SENATOR FROM OHIO

        Senator Moreno. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and
    congratulations to all four of you for being nominated. I look
    forward to getting you confirmed quickly and expeditiously.
        Mr. Carmel, I will start with you. What is the state of our
    maritime industry in America? How would you assess that
    competitively? Are we in the top 10? Bottom 10? Middle of the
    pack?
        Mr. Carmel. Thank you, Senator. I appreciate that question
    a lot. It is something I lose sleep over all the time. I am not
    even sure we are on the scale.
        Senator Moreno. So the next question is, what happened,
    because that was not always the case? You go back to the 1940s,
    and we won World War II because we could produce a lot of
    ships. So what happened from then until now?
        Mr. Carmel. Yes, Senator, that is correct. Actually,
    though, as I mentioned in the opening, we have been fighting
    this for 150 years. The first stab at trying to repair a badly
    damaged Merchant Marine happened with the House Select
    Committee on the Merchant Marine in 1870, and we have been
    repeating cycles of this ever since. So we have had a long
    history of not getting it right.
        Now, to answer your question directly, that is true. We did
    a great job of cycling up for World War II because we had the
    industrial capacity to do it. Our Merchant Marine was in tough
    shape prior to that. Prior to World War I we had to cycle up,
    but we did it late. Most of the ships we built for the World
    War I surge were too late to be delivered to matter for the war
    effort.
        World War II we had to cycle up again. Interestingly
    enough, Mr. Kaiser was a dam builder, and is the one that built
    the ships. So we did a great job. But we knew how to build
    things then. That is the difference. We knew how to build
    things. Our industrial capacity had not rotted yet.
        After World War II--and by the way, there is a problem.
    Every time we do this, every time we cycle up, build a lot of
    stuff for a war, and then the war is over, then we are faced
    with what do we do with all these ships, and that creates a
    boom-and-bust cycle that is not healthy.
        But we let our industrial capacity rot again, except this
    time we let it rot too far, and I personally do not believe we
    could do that again. I do not believe we have the industrial
    capacity we need right now to be able to do that. And I think
    that it manifests itself all throughout the maritime industry,
    and in many ways it ripples out into our U.S. economy. It is
    imperative that in order to get the maritime industry right we
    need to fix the underlying maritime infrastructure and
    industrial capacity.
        At the end of the day, wealth of a country is not about how
    many dollars are in the bank. The wealth of a country is our
    capability to build our own future for tomorrow. And we have
    sacrificed that, and we need to get it back. Thank you.
        Senator Moreno. Perfect. I appreciate that, and obviously
    all of us can sense that is really a matter of national
    security.
        Mr. Harvey, there are obviously ports in Florida and Texas
    and the East Coast, the West Coast, although I do not hold my
    breath for new ports going into the West Coast with the current
    political environment. They may find a frog that may have
    passed by that land and prohibit any construction there. But
    there is a place called the Great Lakes. President Trump did
    not name them, so I do not want to get my Democratic colleagues
    upset, but they are a huge natural resource for this country.
    In Lake Erie we have the Port of Cleveland.
        Can you talk about what you are going to do to make certain
    that we revitalize the Great Lakes shipping industry?
        Mr. Harvey. Thank you, Senator. As I said in my opening,
    the Great Lakes region is a special place to me because that is
    where I grew up and actually watched sort of the
    deindustrialization of that part of the country. And I think
    there is no way to restore America's maritime dominance without
    restoring our industrial dominance.
        So I think we just have to be aware that everything that we
    do at the FMC in terms of rules, regulations, not only helps
    the international carriers, but really focuses also on what is
    happening on the Great Lakes.
        Senator Moreno. Because we compare the Port of Miami, for
    example----
        Mr. Harvey. Yes, sir.
        Senator Moreno.--where you have these monstrosity, giant
    cruise ships, you are not going to get a lot of industrial
    capacity there, nor would it be logistically feasible. But when
    you bring things into places like Cleveland, it is dramatically
    easier to feed our industrial base. And I just want to make
    sure we do not have a Florida-centric or Southern-centric view
    of this, that we understand how critical the Great Lakes are.
        So I want it to have a special place in your heart, but
    also in your mind and in your pocketbook, so that we are
    looking at the Great Lakes and refurbishing that. Do I have
    your commitment, both of you, Ms. DiBella, as well?
        Mr. Harvey. Yes.
        Ms. DiBella. My response to that? I would take the same
    approach that we did at the state level, when thinking about
    where the export needs are and perhaps ways that we could
    potentially help. You know, where are the bottlenecks in the
    system? Where is overregulation? Are there issues with Canada?
    Or trying to enhance the capabilities in and around that region
    that would utilize the resources that are there and the
    infrastructure that is there in order to export and also
    import. So I would say I believe there is a lot of agriculture
    that comes in and out of there that would support Middle
    America.
        So it is really examining the supply chain. You know, once
    again, what is dominating, from an import and export activity,
    and how can we help.
        Senator Moreno. Great. Maybe we will get you all to
    Cleveland after we confirm you.
        Ms. DiBella. That would be great.
        Senator Moreno. Just remember, Cleveland, on the Great
    Lakes, is much earlier than Minnesota.
        Chairman Cruz. Senator Rosen.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. JACKY ROSEN,
                        U.S. SENATOR FROM NEVADA

        Senator Rosen. Well, and I appreciate the great 10,000
    lakes in Minnesota and all the other Great Lakes. I do not have
    shipping lakes but I do have really great lakes in Lake Tahoe
    and Lake Mead, so I am just going to give them a shoutout,
    anyway, even though they may not be a subject of this. We have
    got good lakes all around our country.
        Thank you all to the witnesses for being here. Thank you,
    Mr. Chairman, for this hearing. I am going to talk about
    something that we all care about, every single day, when we
    wake up. The first thing you think about--well, after the
    coffee, of course--is what is the weather going to be today?
    How am I going to get to work? How am I going to drive? How am
    I going to get there? What am I going to wear?
        Over the last several years we have seen academic
    institutions, private companies incorporate machine learning,
    artificial intelligence into their weather and ocean
    forecasting products. For example, the Desert Research
    Institute in Nevada is improving wildfire smoke prediction
    emissions using machine learning algorithms.
        So Dr. Petty, what roles do you see machine learning or
    artificial intelligence playing in natural disaster, climate
    forecasting models, both as it relates to water management--we
    are on the water theme with all the lakes--but climate
    forecasting and modeling, water management, and NOAA's
    overarching mission, please?
        Mr. Petty. Yes, Senator. Right off the bat I think they are
    critical. I think that is where we need to be moving more
    toward expansion in that capability of technology, and being
    able to not only look at past history and the science to feed
    into these models and the technology for machine learning and
    artificial intelligence.
        Senator Rosen. That is great. And so we do know that these
    advancements are going to continue to be critical. So it is why
    I introduced the Smart Weather Forecasting for Water
    Management, Farming, and Ranching Act. It is going to carry out
    pilot projects for better sub-seasonal to seasonal forecasting,
    particularly for water management. It is a huge issue in our
    country--too much, too little.
        So, Dr. Petty, if confirmed, would you advocate for NOAA to
    invest and expand research on sub-seasonal to season
    forecasting?
        Mr. Petty. Senator, I look forward to getting into the
    building to really look at the priorities. But I probably will
    be able to confidently say that will be a high priority, from
    just listening to the hearing that Dr. Jacobs had with you
    about a month and a half ago.
        Senator Rosen. Please, I welcome you to our office to
    continue the conversation.
        Mr. Petty. I would enjoy that very much.
        Senator Rosen. Thank you. I am going to keep on weather a
    little bit, because NOAA Regional Climate Centers are key in
    collecting and distributing raw climate data to support
    decisionmakers as they grapple with extreme weather events that
    threaten health, safety, agriculture, infrastructure, travel.
    In Nevada, again, we are very thankful for our very own Desert
    Research Institute, which serves as one of only six Regional
    Climate Centers nationally.
        Dr. Petty, if confirmed, will you commit to supporting our
    Regional Climate Centers?
        Mr. Petty. Senator, I am actually very familiar with the
    Center in your great state. And so I look forward to, first of
    all, getting into the office, getting a complete review by the
    National Weather Service and their team, so that we can really
    look at the priorities, implementing new technologies, and the
    big part, which is the collaboration and making sure that
    transparency is getting to all the different communities that
    have to deal directly with weather.
        Senator Rosen. Thank you, and I am going to kind of stay on
    this because even though we do have our lakes and rivers, but
    we are a landlocked state, of course. But we often experience
    severe weather events that originate in the coastal areas of
    the Pacific--California, Oregon, Washington, right? So what do
    you see as some of the challenges that coastal and marine
    ecosystems are facing during these extreme weather events, and
    how do you think the Regional Climate Centers, do you have an
    opinion about how they might manage going forward, how we might
    help predict and really mitigate some of the impact?
        Mr. Petty. Yes, Senator. I think right off the bat the
    understanding of both the estuaries, the ecosystems that are
    not only coastal but inland, all of those play off of each
    other, and the importance of making sure that there is
    transparency and collaboration not only with the Federal
    Government but with the state governments, but then even more
    so, with my experience, is that all of the agencies are working
    together--Interior, Army Corps of Engineers, Department of
    Energy, as well as Commerce are all on the same page, working
    together.
        Senator Rosen. I am very interested, very pleased to hear
    that you are interested in collaborating with everyone. I do
    know that over 15 percent of NOAA's workforce has been slashed.
    That is really distressing to us, given the importance of these
    positions as far as researching, forecasting, communicating
    dangerous weather conditions.
        And so I guess I have a few seconds. You can just ask how
    will you ensure that you have enough staff to accurately
    predict, communicate weather information, do the important
    research that we rely on for so many sectors--like I said,
    agriculture, transportation, farming, you name it?
        Mr. Petty. Yes, Senator. Fully recognizing all of the other
    agencies that utilize NOAA's weather service is the important
    part. But for my part on prioritizing and maintaining, to
    ensuring that that research is focused, responsive, and looking
    for public needs of what they are specifically needing to
    address. So that will be my commitment to you on what we will
    work on with the staff within NOAA.
        Senator Rosen. Thank you. I appreciate it.
        Mr. Petty. Thank you, Senator.

                     STATEMENT OF HON. TODD YOUNG,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM INDIANA

        Senator Young [presiding]. Well, congratulations to all of
    you on your nomination. Mr. Carmel, I believe your nomination
    represents an important milestone for MARAD. Our country is
    just now waking up to an important situation that we put
    ourselves in regarding our capacity to build and operate ships
    here in America. As a Merchant Marine Academy graduate, one of
    the youngest captains of a commercial ship in recent history,
    and a senior executive in one of the world's largest shipping
    lines, you have unique experience and a perspective that you
    can bring to bear on the challenges we face, and a familiarity
    with the commercial industry that we desperately need at this
    time.
        The President has made building ships in America a
    priority, and I am glad that he has. I have bipartisan
    legislation with Senator Mark Kelly of Arizona, the SHIPS for
    America Act, that would set the conditions for restoring
    American dominance.
        Would you please give me your assessment, Mr. Carmel, of
    the state of commercial shipping, briefly, and shipbuilding in
    America, and how the SHIPS Act and the President's plan will
    get us back on the right track?
        Mr. Carmel. Thank you very much, Senator. That is a great
    question. The state of our shipping and shipbuilding industry
    is, starting with shipping, is basically on a lifeline. We do
    not carry our own commerce, flat out. A Merchant Marine is
    supposed to be for carrying the Nation's commerce, and we need
    to find a way to get back there. That, to me, is extremely
    important.
        In terms of shipbuilding, our shipbuilding industry is very
    narrowly focused on a very niche market. We are not even
    comparable to international scale shipbuilding. I know that the
    SHIPS Act says we cannot build ships at scale. I would go a
    step further and say that for ships that matter in
    international trade we cannot build them at all. We are just,
    simply, that capacity just does not exist here. It needs to be.
    We need to bring it back. I think the SHIPS Act is a great
    thing, because it addresses the pillars that we need to do,
    that the Executive Order gave us the vision of what needs to be
    done. The SHIPS Act gives us the levers and the resources to do
    it, and that is what is important. One of the reasons we failed
    over the years is instability. The SHIPS Act gives us that too.
        Senator Young. Well, thank you for that. Yes, the numbers
    are pretty disturbing. China has, the numbers vary, but roughly
    5,500 ships that can operate in ocean-level shipping. We have
    much less than that, 80, roughly. And we have the capacity--it
    is not to suggest we do--we have the capacity to build only 5 a
    year. So we need to up our game. The SHIPS Act would help us
    build 250 over the next 10.
        If you are confirmed, and I think you will be, you will
    play a key role in implementing the President's agenda, which
    you referenced. For MARAD, what are the key parts of that
    agenda, if you could quickly itemize them, that are necessary
    to restore our shipbuilding capacity, and if you could speak to
    how the SHIPS Act might fit into that picture, that would also
    be helpful?
        Mr. Carmel. Thank you, Senator. One is the financial
    framework and structure. The Maritime Trust Fund is a great
    start at that. So we need a financial structure. We need demand
    generation. We need to come up with a better way of finding
    something for our ships to do. We need workforce development.
    The SHIPS Act addresses all those things. We need innovation.
    Again, the SHIPS Act actually has areas that overlap, Workers
    on the Waterfront, or Waterfront Workers. There are areas that
    those areas can work together. Innovation is key to getting us
    out of where we are. So those things are just a few of the
    things that MARAD has the handle on, that can implement the
    SHIPS Act.
        Senator Young. Thank you, sir. With our roughly one minute
    left maybe you could paint a picture of what will happen if we
    do not pass the SHIPS Act? Will you still be able, in this new
    position, for which I expect you will be confirmed, will you
    still be able to implement the President's vision effectively?
        Mr. Carmel. The SHIPS Act is critical to being able to do
    it effectively and quickly. If the SHIPS Act is not passed, we
    will still work on that agenda. We will do what we can,
    assuming I get confirmed, to implement the vision. But it will
    go a lot slower, it will not be as robust, and most
    importantly, it will be fragile. We run the risk of doing what
    we have done in the past, start down a path and the whole thing
    falls apart. We need a way to make this permanent, so that it
    is codified and we do not go through a cycle of start and stop,
    and the SHIPS Act does that.
        Senator Young. Thank you, Mr. Carmel. Thank you, all of
    you. Senator Klobuchar, you are recognized for questions.

                   STATEMENT OF HON. AMY KLOBUCHAR,
                      U.S. SENATOR FROM MINNESOTA

        Senator Klobuchar. Thank you so much, Mr. Chair, and
    congratulations to all of you. You are tasked with
    strengthening our maritime industry, ensuring the U.S.
    maintains a resilient supply chain, protecting our water
    resources, and that, of course, includes the Great Lakes, so
    that is a lot on your shoulders.
        In 2022, Senator Thune and I passed the Ocean Shipping
    Reform Act, which strengthened oversight of ocean shipping,
    improved supply chain efficiency, and it has brought some
    meaningful results in terms of getting some lower rates,
    because we leveraged the power of that agency. The law
    basically tells the foreign-owned shipping alliances to do
    three things: charge fair rates, stop profiting off our backs,
    and fill your empty crates with American-made products. After
    we passed it, and I do not think it was because the rules had
    not even taken effect, but it was hanging out there, the
    shipping rates fell 85 percent in that year. There were a
    number of factors, but we were clearly serious when we passed a
    bill like that, that we were going to go farther if it did not
    get done.
        So I guess I would start with you, Ms. DiBella and Mr.
    Harvey. I told you about the bill, and if confirmed, will you
    commit to vigorously enforcing the Ocean Shipping Reform Act?
        Ms. DiBella. Yes, I will.
        Senator Klobuchar. Mr. Harvey.
        Mr. Harvey. Yes, ma'am. I think important compliance
    functions, investigations, and enforcement are critical, and
    that is probably why they got the message, but the message has
    to continue to be sent. So definitely.
        Senator Klobuchar. OK. The Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway
    System moves over 200 million tons of cargo each year. As Mr.
    Harvey, you mentioned in your testimony, the Great Lakes
    shipping industry supports tens of thousands of jobs directly,
    and is a vital economic engine for cities, towns, and people of
    the region. How will you make sure the FMC supports the needs
    of our inland seas, not just those on the coast?
        Mr. Harvey. Thank you for that question. I think that we
    will continue to do investigations like we have done with the
    Canada in the Ballast Water Regulations, and to make sure that
    American shippers and the lakers are not harmed. I think the
    FMC has been able to carve out some exemptions for some of
    that, but I think the battle goes on.
        Senator Klobuchar. OK.
        Mr. Harvey. Thank you.
        Senator Klobuchar. I guess I will turn to you, Mr. Carmel,
    and I would note the Duluth Port is an incredible place. What
    were you going to say?
        Mr. Carmel. It is. I have actually been to Duluth.
        Senator Klobuchar. Yes. Was it warm?
        Mr. Carmel. No, but----
        [Laughter.]
        Mr. Carmel. I was representing a paper company so I had to
    be there. Any time, you know.
        Senator Klobuchar. Well, of course, that is some of the
    shipping that goes on there, iron ore. I mean, it is kind of an
    incredible place, Duluth is----
        Mr. Carmel. It is.
        Senator Klobuchar.--that port, and we are working very hard
    on things, that I see Senator Sullivan, like icebreakers and
    other things that are necessary to keep that Great Lakes
    shipping lane strong and open. So along those lines, Mr.
    Carmel, when shippers are delayed by port congestion, inland
    freight bottlenecks, outdated infrastructure, products do not
    arrive on time, businesses suffer, costs go up. How will you
    work to strengthen maritime and multimodal supply chains,
    resilience, and efficiency?
        Mr. Carmel. Thank you, Senator. One of the problems that we
    had during the supply chain crisis was surge and stop, surge
    and stop. We need to have a stable demand, predictable demand.
    We need to be able to manage flows through our ports so that we
    do not have too much stuff trying to go at one time and then
    not enough stuff going at others. So that is across a number of
    activities. Certainly, I think we can use information better
    than we use now. That, to me, would be a big one.
        Senator Klobuchar. Very good. Thank you. And then, Mr.
    Petty, we care a lot about NOAA and weather in Minnesota. How
    do you plan to recruit qualified employees? We are obviously
    concerned. I will ask you two separate questions, because my
    time is running out here. And then also, could you look into
    the Minnesota Sea Grant? It is a research and education program
    that supports fisheries, tourism. I mentioned the Great Lakes
    but we also, as Senator Rosen mentioned, we have 15,000 lakes,
    and that is just 10,000 like on our license plates. And could
    you talk about both of those things?
        Mr. Petty. Yes, Senator. Thank you. Lots of good questions,
    and in your Sea Grant question, as well. I do look forward to
    getting into the department and taking a look at that. I know
    specifically there are the priority areas. But that partnership
    and that collaboration that can take place with institutions,
    researchers, play a vital part within NOAA, and I look forward
    to working with you so that we can continue that collaboration.
        With regards to the other areas of the National Weather
    Service, the importance of staff, it really gets back to making
    sure that the priorities with what the mission calls for,
    within health and safety and resources within NOAA, and we are
    delivering the technical and the advanced science so that
    decisions can be made by multiple agencies and states and
    resources.
        Senator Klobuchar. And then you can just look into this
    later, but the Great Lakes Restorative Initiative. This is in
    Representative Stauber's district, Lake Superior, the
    surrounding things. Always been bipartisan. You just heard from
    some of the Great Lakes Senators on the Republican side, so
    please keep that going strong.
        Mr. Petty. Thank you, Senator. I sure will. Thank you.
        Senator Klobuchar. Thank you.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. DAN SULLIVAN,
                        U.S. SENATOR FROM ALASKA

        Senator Sullivan. Thank you, Senator Klobuchar, and I am
    always reminded, you know, we have a little competition,
    friendly competition with my friend from Minnesota and other
    states. When she talks about Minnesota's 10,000 lakes or 15,000
    lakes, I like to remind people that we have over 3 million
    lakes in Alaska.
        [Laughter.]
        Senator Sullivan. It is by a magnitude of----
        Senator Klobuchar. With most of them constantly frozen.
        Senator Sullivan. That is true, but 3 million lakes. So I
    just want you to remember that. Maybe we will put that on our
    license plate too someday.
        But I want to thank everybody. These are really important
    positions, and I want to begin by covering an executive order
    that President Trump issued on day one of his Administration.
    It is called ``Unleashing Alaska's Extraordinary Resource
    Potential.'' Very long. There is the President's signature. We
    are the only state in the union that has got our own executive
    order from this Administration. And it says that ``It is the
    policy of the United States to fully avail itself of Alaska's
    vast lands and resources for the benefit of the Nation and the
    American citizens who call Alaska home.''
        So I want to begin by getting from all the witnesses, a
    commitment, if confirmed, and I think you are going to get
    confirmed, to come up to Alaska soon, after your confirmation,
    to see this extraordinary resource potential. You can come in
    the winter when it is cold, or the summer, to do some fishing.
    But can I get your commitment? We will start with you, Dr.
    Carmel.
        Mr. Carmel. Thank you, Senator. Actually, I look forward to
    going back to Alaska. I have been there many times, and I would
    love to come back. Thank you, sir.
        Senator Sullivan. Great.
        Ms. DiBella. I echo that. I have been there once on a
    layover, a very brief layover, and I would like to be back for
    a lot longer.
        Senator Sullivan. Great.
        Mr. Harvey. Sir, I agree to support that. I have been to
    Alaska with my wife, fishing the Kenai and other great areas in
    the state, and we love it.
        Senator Sullivan. Great. Dr. Petty?
        Mr. Petty. Absolutely.
        Senator Sullivan. You are a UAF grad----
        Mr. Petty. That is correct.
        Senator Sullivan.--so we are very proud of you. I think you
    might be the first UAF grad to hold this position. We have got
    to double-check that. So we are excited for you to get back to
    Alaska.
        Mr. Petty. Excellent.
        Senator Sullivan. Great. One of the elements of this
    executive order, and you are already hearing it a lot, is the
    EO directs Federal agencies to streamline permitting and
    accelerate approvals of critical infrastructure projects in
    Alaska. And yet, we continue to see lengthy and unnecessary
    delays.
        Let me give you one. It is kind of MARAD and NPIAS. It is a
    MARAD grant for the Port of Adak, which we are going to be
    doing a lot with. We have, in the defense bill, starting to
    work to reopen the military base in Adak, out on the Aleutian
    Island chain. Very strategic, but also important for fisheries.
    This grant, the MARAD grant, has been stalled for months while
    NPIAS completes its biological opinion.
        Formal consultations began in June, but NPIAS did not
    consider the application until late July. It has since
    reassigned staff to start all over again, has told the people
    of Adak that maybe they will get it out by December, maybe it
    will slip to next year because of Federal Register timing.
        Dr. Petty, this is, my view, classic deep state. No
    offense. You know, I like all my constituents, but there are a
    lot of Federal employees who would love to slow-roll everything
    in Alaska. The President of the United States said, ``Enough.
    We are done doing that, in Alaska, especially.''
        So I need your commitment, if confirmed, and you are going
    to get confirmed--I am a strong supporter of yours--to kind of
    give NPIAS a little bit of a kick in the behind, saying we are
    not doing this anymore. The Biden years of delaying, crushing
    projects in Alaska, because far-left environmental groups
    wanted that, they are over. Can you commit to me to get a
    culture of accountability and urgency with permitting offices
    throughout NOAA, if confirmed?
        Mr. Petty. Senator, simply, yes, I look forward to it.
        Senator Sullivan. And that one, in particular, but all the
    other ones, as well?
        Mr. Petty. Yes, sir.
        Senator Sullivan. No more delays. We are not doing 7-year
    permits anymore, 8-year permits.
        Mr. Petty. Or longer.
        Senator Sullivan. It is ridiculous. Killing the country.
    And it particularly kills my state, which is why the President,
    on day one, said, ``We are done with trying to crush Alaska,
    Federal agencies. You are going to move forward.'' So we need
    that leadership. I appreciate that.
        Let me turn to another executive order, again from the
    Trump administration. This is ``Restoring American Seafood
    Competitiveness.'' I think Secretary Lutnick is off to a great
    start. We had the Seafood Roundtable that we talked about
    recently, with all the congressional delegation, Alaska
    stakeholders. We have Administrator Jacobs. You know, my state,
    again, is the superpower of seafood. Over two-thirds of all
    seafood harvested in America--subsistence, sport, commercial--
    comes from Alaska. Almost $2 billion of that is exported.
    Almost $16 billion is contributed to the U.S. economy from
    Alaska's seafood industry, 1.6 million jobs nationwide.
        But you have heard it from Senator Cantwell. Unlike a lot
    of industries in America, the CHIPS Act, look, all these
    computer chip companies get a quarter of a trillion dollars in
    subsidies. Our seafood industry needs two things from the
    Federal Government--surveys and timely promulgation of
    regulations to open fisheries. That is it, and that is under
    you. And the surveys have not been going well.
        Can I get your commitment to get us back to the gold
    standard of serious surveys, but doing it in a way in which it
    is prioritized, and again, in a way in which it is promoted in
    the President's executive order on seafood competitiveness, in
    addition to his executive order on Alaska?
        Mr. Petty. Well, Senator, I know you have that executive
    order memorized, and so----
        Senator Sullivan. And I want you to have it memorized.
        Mr. Petty. That is right. I am sure you do.
        Senator Sullivan. Both of them, actually.
        Mr. Petty. I look forward to working specifically with you
    and your outstanding staff, who have incredible knowledge. So
    yes, looking forward to each one of those items.
        Senator Sullivan. Let me just get to one final one, and I
    am going to turn it over to Senator Peters. Dr. Carmel, I think
    you and I are meeting later today in my office, so I am looking
    forward to that. I have a whole bunch of questions for you and
    others for the record.
        But it goes to NOAA's budget that we need to get out here
    soon, their spend plan that includes, my understanding is to
    approve NOAA and OMB fishery disaster declarations and funds
    for the 2022 Yukon salmon, 2021 Upper Cook Inlet, and 2022
    Kuskokwim salmon. Can you assure me that your first order of
    business will be the approval of these disaster funds and the
    recovery resources necessary?
        Mr. Carmel. Senator, I look forward to getting into the
    building and doing just that. I think even already confirming
    Dr. Jacobs and him watching today and hearing it loud and
    clear. So I look forward to working with you to move those
    areas that you have highlighted forward, whether it is the
    research gaps that are missing, and even those surveys, as
    well.
        Senator Sullivan. And we are going to do a lot together, as
    you and I talked about in my office yesterday, on the salmon
    challenges that we have.
        Mr. Carmel. Yes, sir.
        Senator Sullivan. Some of our salmon runs in Alaska are
    doing great, sockeye salmon run in Bristol Bay. Some are doing
    horrible, the King Run on the Yukon and the Kuskokwim. Very
    important to my constituents. Our legislation addresses that,
    but we have huge research gaps that we need to figure out and
    address. So I appreciate your commitment on that.
        I will have some more questions for the record for the
    other witnesses. Thank you.
        And I am now going to turn the entire hearing over to my
    Democratic colleagues. I hope they do not undertake some kind
    of coup on the Commerce Committee. So with that, Senator
    Markey, I think, or maybe Senator Peters. I am sorry. Senator
    Peters.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. GARY PETERS,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM MICHIGAN

        Senator Peters [presiding]. Yes, thank you, Senator
    Sullivan. Where is that gavel? You want to bring it right down
    here.
        Senator Sullivan. Now don't hold it for long.
        Senator Peters. Oh, you have got it right there. Senator
    Markey has it already. We are ready to roll. We are ready to
    roll.
        Senator Markey. You can go whenever you want.
        Senator Peters. Trust us. Don't worry. Well, welcome to
    each of you. Welcome and congratulations on your nominations.
        Mr. Carmel, I would like to start with a topic that I
    raised with Secretary Duffy at his nomination hearing, ensuring
    both robust investment in our port infrastructure and the fair
    distribution across all regions in the country. As I am sure
    you know, MARAD Port Infrastructure Development Program
    supports much needed investments in safety, efficiency, as well
    as reliability of our Nation's ports. This sort of an
    investment is absolutely essential to ensuring that our
    manufacturers stay competitive and that the goods are reliably
    delivered to consumers across the Midwest but also all across
    the entire nation.
        Program funding that has gone to our Great Lakes ports has
    provided a major boost, but that funding has been hard to come
    by, with the Great Lakes ports receiving as little as two
    percent of the funds in the past years. As a matter of fact,
    the Gulf ports have not gotten a fair shake either--it is not
    just Great Lakes--which is why my legislation to fix this
    funding disparity is cosponsored by Senators Wicker and Cornyn,
    along with my fellow Great Lakes colleagues, Senators Baldwin,
    Young, Duckworth, and Moreno. All bipartisan support for these.
        This funding disparity is simply unacceptable, and when I
    raised this issue with Secretary Duffy, to his credit he fully
    agreed that it is unacceptable. And he committed to work with
    me to ensure robust and fair funding for Great Lakes ports
    going forward.
        So Mr. Carmel, do you commit to the same? Specifically, if
    confirmed, one, will you support robust funding for our ports
    through the Port Infrastructure Development Program?
        Mr. Carmel. Thank you, Senator. If I am given the honor of
    being confirmed, I look forward to working with you to advance
    that agenda. Yes, sir.
        Senator Peters. Would you work to ensure the funding is
    distributed fairly, so that our Great Lakes, as well as Gulf
    ports, are not left at a competitive disadvantage, and will you
    commit to awarding those grants so that critical ongoing
    investments can proceed?
        Mr. Carmel. I would need to get in the building. I am not
    that familiar with the PDIP program at all. I have never worked
    in it. But I would commit to working with you to make sure it
    is administered fairly and effectively.
        Senator Peters. So you would fully support fair funding,
    making sure Gulf and Great Lakes ports, and you understand the
    importance of those to our Nation's economy?
        Mr. Carmel. Oh, absolutely. I have been in and out of Great
    Lakes ports most of my sailing career, and I understand deeply
    the importance of the Great Lakes ports to the heartland
    manufacturing. So, yes.
        Senator Peters. Great, especially overtaxed ports on the
    coast, the East Coast, coming up the St. Lawrence Seaway and
    into the Great Lakes can create a lot of opportunities for
    further efficient movement of goods.
        Mr. Carmel. Yes.
        Senator Peters. Good. Mr. Petty, my next question is for
    you. Harmful algal blooms pose a serious risk to water quality,
    tourism, as well as public health in the Great Lakes. To give
    you a sense of just how devastating these outbreaks can be, a
    toxic algal bloom in Lake Erie left residents in Toledo without
    safe drinking water for three full days recently. NOAA's
    research and forecasting capabilities are absolutely essential
    for early detection or mitigation strategies and long-term
    solutions that will protect our communities as well as our
    ecosystems from future outbreaks.
        However, despite unwavering--once again, unwavering--
    bipartisan support for these activities here in Congress, this
    Administration has sought drastic cuts to NOAA that would
    jeopardize this critical mission.
        So Mr. Petty, if confirmed, how will you ensure that NOAA
    can support and meet the growing needs for harmful algal bloom
    detection and forecasting to ensure safe, clean water for Great
    Lakes communities, agriculture, and industry? As you well know,
    millions and millions of people rely every day on water from
    the Great Lakes to drink, and for these other three key
    functions. And as part of your answer, could you speak to the
    importance of having sufficient staff and funding at NOAA to be
    able to carry out these important activities?
        Mr. Petty. Yes, Senator. Thank you for that question. HABs
    is an issue that needs to be fully addressed in many ways. The
    commitment that I will make, for sure, is that we are getting
    the best available science for those areas to address these
    HABs issues. It is not only Great Lakes but it is multiple
    areas up and down our coastal states, as well as the
    relationship that we have with other agencies that also get
    resources and funding specifically. That is the area that is
    the priority, of making sure that all the different agencies--
    Army Corps, Interior--have the resources that they need to
    directly address these HABs issues, including the Department of
    Agriculture.
        Senator Peters. So in terms of staff at NOAA, if there are
    shortfalls you will be an aggressive advocate to make sure you
    have the resources and the people----
        Mr. Petty. Correct.
        Senator Peters.--to actually do that work?
        Mr. Petty. Yes. Looking forward to being able to get into
    the building and making sure that the priorities and that we
    have all the critical staff to meet the mission that you have
    set forth.
        Senator Peters. Very good. Well, thank you.
        I now turn the floor over to Senator Markey, who will also
    have the exclusive control of the gavel at this point.

                   STATEMENT OF HON. EDWARD MARKEY,
                    U.S. SENATOR FROM MASSACHUSETTS

        Senator Markey [presiding]. So I hope you packed a lunch.
        [Laughter.]
        Senator Markey. Thank you, Senator Peters. Seaport projects
    create good-paying union jobs for Americans and develop
    infrastructure that lasts for decades. These projects take
    years of expensive planning, but they bring huge economic
    benefits to both blue and red states.
        If confirmed, Mr. Carmel, you would be in charge of the
    Port Infrastructure Development Program, and this is an
    incredibly important program. It delivers major support for the
    ports that keep our Nation running.
        But in August of this year, the Trump administration
    arbitrarily canceled millions of dollars of grants under this
    program, pulling the rug out from port projects that were
    construction ready. Ports across America now cannot trust the
    Federal Government to support port projects based on the merits
    because they are getting canceled based on politics, Mr.
    Carmel.
        Mr. Carmel, do you believe that arbitrary and sudden
    cancellations of Port Infrastructure Development grants
    decrease trust between ports and Maritime Administration?
        Mr. Carmel. Thank you, Senator. I am not familiar with the
    situation that you are talking about. Again, I am not familiar
    at all with the PDIP program, other than I know it exists. I
    have never worked in it. I would need to get into the building
    to understand what happened and why, and I can commit to you to
    working with you to sort things out. I can tell you that as a
    general rule, stability is important to our industry.
        Senator Markey. Well, we agree with that, and our MARAD
    Administration will have to grapple with the fact that right
    now our ports can no longer trust this Administration to keep
    its word and protect their workers or their investments to have
    stability. It just does not exist. It is a highly unstable
    environment.
        So Mr. Carmel, do you believe it is appropriate for the
    Administration to kill American maritime and construction jobs
    by canceling grant awards for political reasons?
        Mr. Carmel. Senator, I was not here then. I do not
    understand what happened. I would actually need to get into the
    building and sit with the Maritime Administration staff to
    understand what happened, to be able to give you an answer to
    the question.
        Senator Markey. Well, I do not think it is appropriate. I
    do not think the 800 union workers in Massachusetts who are not
    getting a paycheck, thanks to the Trump administration, think
    it is appropriate either. It is just arbitrary, it is
    capricious, it is political. That is what is happening to 800
    people now without a job.
        Mr. Carmel, if confirmed, would you work to restore Port
    Infrastructure Development Program grants that were canceled
    despite the fact that the projects met all the terms of their
    grant agreements?
        Mr. Carmel. Thank you, sir. And again, if I am given the
    honor of confirmation I can commit to trying to understand the
    situation. I was not there. I do not understand what happened.
    And without having the facts I really am not in a position to
    give an answer, other than to say I would commit to learning
    about it.
        Senator Markey. Well, if we play politics with nonpartisan
    port infrastructure grants it sets a terrible, but a powerful
    precedent for administrations to come, that they can just move
    in politically and kill projects because they come under the
    control of Democratic states, or in the future, Republican
    states, and that is just a terrible precedent to be set in the
    first 10 months of the Trump administration. Because it makes
    it very difficult to work on a bipartisan basis in Congress to
    support these agencies, because you are not sure that what you
    reach as an agreement is going to, in fact, be upheld, and be
    agreed to.
        The great humorist, Oscar Levant, used to have a joke that
    covered this subject. It covers the era in which we are now
    working, which was he would say, ``We will double-cross that
    bridge when we get to it.'' So you reach an agreement, think
    everything is great, and then down the line, on a partisan
    basis, the Democratic projects get cut and the Republicans do
    not. So it just makes it harder, a lot harder for all of us to
    be able to operate in a world in which your word is your bond,
    that you get the benefit of the bargain that you gave, and in
    return you got for your home state.
        But that whole era is now increasingly being viewed in a
    rear-view mirror, because these are not hypothetical questions.
    These attacks already happened, taking paychecks out of
    workers' pockets and taking investment out of portside
    communities, and it is just unacceptable that the Trump
    administration is punishing communities just because they did
    not vote for him in 2024. It is just absolutely a destruction
    of the bipartisan construct of the U.S. Congress.
        Mr. Carmel, the Trump administration has told the country
    we are experiencing, quote, ``an energy emergency,'' yet this
    Administration is trying to kill offshore wind projects,
    destroy union jobs, and keep megawatts of clean power off the
    grid. Mr. Carmel, yes or no. Do you believe that the offshore
    wind industry can contribute to the development of American
    ports and American shipping, create more American jobs, and
    also provide more megawatts for the grid?
        Mr. Carmel. Again, I was not involved in any of those
    discussions. I was not there. Energy policy is outside of my
    area of expertise. So I would need to get in the building to
    understand the issues and where MARAD intersects with them, to
    be able to give you an answer.
        Senator Markey. Well, you do not have to go in that
    building to know that electricity prices have gone up 10
    percent since Donald Trump was sworn in this year, 10 percent.
    That is on the front page of newspapers across the country.
    That is dramatic what is happening.
        Mr. Carmel, do you agree that it is not in the national
    interest to raise energy prices for households in the United
    States?
        Mr. Carmel. Again, Senator, energy policy, in general, is
    just not my swim lane. And so I am not qualified to answer the
    question.
        Senator Markey. Well, ultimately all of these coastal
    decisions are going to have an incredible impact on the
    electricity rates for families in our country. It is now
    increasing at triple the rate of inflation, and a lot of it is
    due to the energy policy of the Trump administration, the
    cancellation of offshore wind projects, and then the ripple
    effect that it has upon the electricity rates for everyone else
    within those communities that have been now denied those extra
    megawatts, that have been turned into nega-watts that just do
    not exist.
        Well, in addition to Trump administration's attacks on
    American-made wind industry, another driver of rising costs is
    the surge in fossil fuel exports. As Administrator of MARAD,
    you would be directly responsible for making sure that deep-
    water export terminals do not receive permits if they are not
    in the national interest or consistent with national policy
    goals and objectives, including national security, energy
    sufficiency domestically, and environmental quality
    domestically.
        As you review these export terminal permits, I urge you to
    prioritize lower domestic costs, environmental protection over
    the higher profits for oil and gas companies. And I urge you to
    do that, sir. It is an important part of your responsibility.
        And I would say, as now we are exporting upwards of 15
    percent of all of our natural gas overseas, the companies get a
    bigger price for it, once it hits the open market, and get it
    in the ship and get it off our shore. But it has a dramatic
    impact on the price of natural gas here, where the remaining
    natural gas becomes much more expensive, because you have
    reduced it by 15 percent to sell it overseas. That then impacts
    small businesses. It impacts consumers all across our Nation.
        Dr. Petty, two questions to you. Because of DOGE and Trump
    we are losing invaluable research in fisheries expertise
    throughout the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
    Dr. Petty, do you agree to support the Northeast Fisheries
    Science Center and the important work that it does, if you are
    confirmed?
        Mr. Petty. Senator, thank you. It is an important question.
    For sure, with NOAA fisheries, the whole northeastern part of
    the Atlantic and the fisheries aspect, we have great staff up
    there that are doing amazing work in jobs up there. My priority
    is to making sure that they continue to do their work and that
    they are doing it with all the resources that they have
    available to them.
        Senator Markey. Do you agree that it is critical to protect
    the NOAA scientists so that they can continue their work on
    fisheries issues?
        Mr. Petty. Senator, I take seriously the scientific
    integrity of making sure that we are providing the best
    available science and that the scientists have the resources
    that they have to make sure that they get their work done, that
    Congress has given them direct mission to do.
        Senator Markey. Well, I would invite you to come to visit
    important NOAA facilities in Massachusetts----
        Mr. Petty. I look forward to that.
        Senator Markey.--if you are confirmed.
        Mr. Petty. Yes. Thank you, Senator. I appreciate that.
        Senator Markey. We would look forward to that.
        So Mr. Carmel, Ms. DiBella, Mr. Harvey, Dr. Petty, my final
    question is required of all nominees. If confirmed, do you
    pledge to work collaboratively with this Committee to provide
    thorough and timely responses to the Committee's requests and
    to appear before the Committee when requested?
        Mr. Carmel. Yes, Senator, I do.
        Ms. DiBella. Yes, Senator. You have my word.
        Mr. Harvey. Yes, sir.
        Mr. Petty. Yes, Senator.
        Senator Markey. Thank you. So I have 16 letters of support
    from various organizations for Mr. Carmel's, Ms. DiBella's, and
    Dr. Petty's nominations, and I ask unanimous consent to have
    those letters inserted in the hearing record. Without
    objection, so ordered.
        [The information referred to follows:]

                           National Water Resources Association
                                                       October 20, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member
    Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of the National Water Resources Association (NWRA), I
    want to express our strong support for the nomination of Dr. Tim Petty
    to serve as the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and
    Atmosphere (NOAA).
        NWRA is a nonprofit federation of state water resources
    associations, regional associations, agriculture and municipal water
    agencies, and industrial water groups. Our members provide water and
    hydropower to approximately 50 million individuals, families,
    agricultural producers and other industries that support our
    communities large and small, our economy and environment.
        Dr. Petty is a devoted public servant who will bring extensive
    experience and proven leadership in natural resource management to this
    position. Having previously served as Assistant Secretary for Water and
    Science at the Department of Interior, NWRA witnessed firsthand his
    effective leadership in managing water development, regulatory
    responsibilities, and policy initiatives essential to the sustainable
    management of the Nation's water resources. NWRA has also worked
    closely with Dr. Petty in his most recent role as a Professional Staff
    Member on the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee's Water
    Resources and Environment Subcommittee, where he applied his expertise
    to legislative and oversight matters concerning water infrastructure
    and hazardous waste management.
        Dr. Petty's years of experience have allowed him to build a strong
    network across the natural resources community, where collaboration is
    essential to shaping coastal and ocean management, resilience, and
    fisheries policy. His ability to connect policy with practical
    solutions, combined with his commitment to public service, positions
    him well to lead efforts that strengthen our natural resources and the
    communities that rely on them.
        The NWRA confidently endorses the appointment of Dr. Tim Petty for
    Assistant Secretary of NOAA. His experience and leadership will
    strengthen the agency's work and help advance its mission.
        Thank you for considering our views on this important nomination.
    Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions or
    require additional information.
                Sincerely,
                                                 Greg Morrison,
                                              Executive Vice President,
                                      National Water Resources Association.
                                     ______

                                    Modesto Irrigation District
                                    Turlock Irrigation District
                                                        October 6, 2025

    Honorable Ted Cruz,
    Chairman
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and Members of the
                Committee:

        On behalf of the Modesto Irrigation District (MID) and Turlock
    Irrigation District (TID), we are pleased to express support for Dr.
    Timothy Petty as the nominee for Assistant Secretary for Oceans and
    Atmosphere at the U.S. Department of Commerce.
        The Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere plays an
    important role providing accountable oversight to NOAA Fisheries
    including implementation of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). These
    responsibilities directly affect the availability and affordability of
    water and power for our customers, and we are confident Dr. Petty has
    the experience and skill to find balanced solutions that protect
    species and our local communities at the same time.
        We have worked with Dr. Petty on numerous Western water issues and
    have found him to be a principled leader with a deep understanding of
    the challenges faced by agricultural communities and water users. His
    prior service as Assistant Secretary for Water and Science at the
    Department of the Interior and as Congressional staff in the House and
    Senate demonstrates his capability and commitment to pursuing durable,
    science-based solutions to challenging water resources issues.
        In his previous role, he has also led interagency efforts such as
    the Water Subcabinet and the National Drought Resilience Partnership,
    promoting coordination and innovation in water resource management.
        We are confident that Dr. Petty will bring practical experience,
    collaborative spirit, and scientific integrity to this role. His
    appointment would benefit both Federal fisheries management and the
    agricultural communities that depend on sound policy. We strongly
    support this nomination and strongly urge the Committee and the full
    Senate to quickly approve Dr. Tim Petty's nomination.
                Sincerely,
                                                  Jimi Netniss,
                                                       General Manager,
                                               Modesto Irrigation District.
                                                    Brad Koehn,
                                                       General Manager,
                                               Turlock Irrigation District.
                                     ______

                                American Farm Bureau Federation
                                                        October 9, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    U.S. Senate,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    U.S. Senate,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        The American Farm Bureau Federation writes in support of the
    nomination of Dr. Timothy Petty to serve as Assistant Secretary of
    Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and urges the Senate Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation to swiftly approve his
    nomination. AFBF is our Nation's largest general farm organization,
    working together to build a sustainable future of safe and abundant
    food, fiber, timber and renewable fuel for our Nation and the world.
        Dr. Petty is a dedicated public servant with decades of experience
    serving our Nation as senior staff on Capitol Hill and at the
    Department of the Interior. He also has a significant scientific
    background as a geologist and hydrogeologist who earned a Ph.D.
    studying surface hydrology. Dr. Petty is from Indiana and grew up on a
    family farm and, therefore, understands the opportunities and
    challenges facing our Nation's farmers. He has a unique and varied
    background and set of experiences that has prepared him for this next
    challenge.
        We look forward to Dr. Petty's work at the department and his focus
    on responding to the needs of the American people, especially farmers,
    ranchers and landowners. Thank you for your attention to this important
    matter and for your commitment to serving our Nation's farmers and
    rural communities.
                Sincerely,
                                                  Zippy Duvall,
                                                             President.
                                     ______

                       San Luis & Delta-Mendota Water Authority
                                       Sacramento, CA, October 20, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Submitted via e-mail

    Re: Support for the Nomination of Dr. Tim Petty as Assistant Secretary
                for Oceans and Atmosphere

    Dear Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and Committee Members,

        The San Luis & Delta-Mendota Water Authority (``Water Authority'')
    is pleased to strongly endorse Dr. Timothy Petty as the next Assistant
    Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere at the U.S. Department of Commerce.
        The Water Authority is a public agency in California, comprised of
    twenty-seven member agencies, and was formed in 1992 as a joint powers
    authority. Twenty-five of these agencies contract with the United
    States for the delivery of water from the Federal Central Valley
    Project (``CVP''). The CVP is operated and managed by the United States
    Bureau of Reclamation. The Water Authority acts as the operation and
    maintenance entity for the CVP's Delta Division and south-of-Delta
    facilities that the Water Authority's member agencies depend on for the
    delivery of their water supply.
        Most of the Water Authority's member agencies depend upon the CVP
    as the principal source of water they provide to users within their
    service areas. That water supply serves approximately 1.2 million acres
    of California agricultural lands within areas of San Joaquin,
    Stanislaus, Merced, Fresno, Kings, San Benito, and Santa Clara
    Counties; a portion of the water supply for over 2 million people,
    including in urban areas such as Silicon Valley in the San Francisco
    Bay Area; and approximately 200,000 acres of managed wetlands and
    wildlife refuges within the largest continuous wetland in the western
    United States. Importantly, the San Joaquin Valley in California,
    served in significant part by the CVP, produces nearly two-thirds of
    the Nation's fruits and vegetables during certain periods of the year,
    highlighting the region's importance to America's national security.
        The Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere serves as the
    Deputy Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
    Administration (``NOAA'') and assists the Under Secretary of Commerce
    for Oceans and Atmosphere in overseeing oceanic and atmospheric
    research, policy, and operations. NOAA Fisheries is responsible for the
    stewardship of the Nation's ocean resources and habitat. Guided by the
    Magnuson-Stevens Act, NOAA Fisheries works in partnership with Regional
    Fishery Management Councils to assess and predict the status of fish
    stocks, set catch limits, ensure compliance with fisheries regulations,
    and reduce bycatch. NOAA Fisheries also implements the Marine Mammal
    Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act (``ESA'') for anadromous
    and catadromous species, working to recover protected marine species
    while supporting regional economies, including communities reliant on
    imported water from the CVP and industries affected by management of
    anadromous species in California's rivers. Our members--whose water
    supply is reliant on watersheds that provide habitat for anadromous
    fish, like salmon and steelhead trout--are significantly impacted by
    ESA-related decisions made by NOAA Fisheries. As a result, this
    appointed position holds particular importance for our member and our
    region.
        The Water Authority knows that Dr. Petty is a strong leader; he is
    a respected professional, collaborative, guided by common sense and
    high ethical standards. We have worked with Dr. Petty on numerous water
    issues and have seen firsthand his grasp of the unique challenges in
    states where Federal land and water management decisions directly
    affect local communities.
        Dr. Petty has extensive Federal policy-level experience gained from
    his many years of public service on Capitol Hill and at the Department
    of the Interior, including as the Senate-confirmed Assistant Secretary
    for Water and Science at the Department of the Interior (``DOI''),
    overseeing both the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of
    Reclamation. His career spans private-sector work as a geologist and
    hydrogeologist in Indiana and California, a legislative and policy
    expert advising three United States Senators, and executive leadership
    in DOI under the George W. Bush administration as both Deputy and
    Acting Assistant Secretary for Water and Science.
        Dr. Petty also co-chaired the Water Subcabinet, an interagency
    coordination body established under Executive Order 13956 to streamline
    Federal water resource management, infrastructure modernization,
    drought resilience, and workforce development across agencies like the
    Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Agriculture, NOAA,
    U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Army Corps.
        We know that if confirmed, Dr. Petty will bring a level of
    practical experience, scientific integrity, and a collaborative,
    solutions-oriented approach that strengthens fisheries while balancing
    the needs of farmers, communities, and wildlife enthusiasts throughout
    California and the Pacific Northwest.
        For these reasons, the Water Authority respectfully requests your
    support for Dr. Tim Petty's nomination as Assistant Secretary for
    Oceans and Atmosphere of the U.S. Department of Commerce. He will serve
    the Department, the Administration, and the public exceedingly well in
    this position.
        Thank you for consideration. If you have any further questions,
    please reach out to Scott Petersen, Water Policy Director, at
    scott.petersen@sldmwa.org.
                Respectfully,
                                              Federico Barajas,
                                                    Executive Director,
                                  San Luis & Delta-Mendota Water Authority.
                                     ______

                 National States Geographic Information Council
                                                       October 21, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of the National States Geographic Information Council
    (NSGIC), the national non-profit 501(c)(3) organization representing
    state geographic information system (GIS) leaders and professionals
    dedicated to advancing geospatial technology and policy at the state
    and local levels, I write to express support for the nomination of Dr.
    Timothy Petty for the position of Assistant Secretary of Commerce for
    Oceans and Atmosphere at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
    Administration (NOAA).
        The role of the Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere is,
    as you know, a position of extreme importance and the confirmation of
    this nomination is vital to the fulfillment of the agency's mission to
    serve the Nation by providing reliable scientific information to
    describe and understand changes in climate, weather, oceans, and
    coasts. As the Department of Commerce's premier agency for atmospheric
    and oceanic science, the expeditious confirmation of a qualified
    nominee for this appointment is paramount to maintain the great work of
    this agency.
        NSGIC believes that Dr. Petty is uniquely qualified to fulfill the
    responsibilities of this role. With nearly two decades of experience in
    Federal water and science policy, including his tenure as Assistant
    Secretary for Water and Science at the Department of the Interior where
    he oversaw the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Bureau of
    Reclamation, Dr. Petty will no doubt hit the ground running. In that
    capacity, he served as Co-Chair of the National Drought Resilience
    Partnership, coordinating interagency efforts on drought forecasting,
    research, and technology. He previously served as Acting Assistant
    Secretary and Deputy Assistant Secretary for Water and Science during
    the George W. Bush Administration, and holds a Ph.D. from the
    University of Alaska Fairbanks.
        NSGIC and its member states work very closely with NOAA to advance
    its mission by providing geospatial data integration, GIS support, and
    policy coordination--to name a few. Our contributions include
    supporting initiatives like the Digital Coast Partnership, which
    leverages lidar, elevation data, and coastal mapping to enhance
    resilience and decision-making at state and local levels. Our
    membership sees firsthand the many benefits NOAA provides our Nation,
    states, counties, tribal governments,
        first-responders, institutions of higher learning, and many others.
    We look forward to continuing to support that important work under the
    leadership of Dr. Petty, should he be confirmed.
        I urge you and your colleagues to give full and fair consideration
    to this nomination, and to expeditiously confirm Dr. Petty for the
    position of Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.
    Thank you for your consideration.
                Sincerely,
                                                  Mark Yacucci,
                                                             President,
                    National States Geographic Information Council (NSGIC).

    Cc: John S. Jordan,
    CAE Executive Director
    National States Geographic Information Council (NSGIC)
                                     ______

                       Association of California Water Agencies
                                                       October 20, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    RE: Support for Nomination of Timothy Petty to be Assistant Secretary
                for Oceans and Atmosphere of the U.S. Department of
                Commerce

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        The Association of California Water Agencies (ACWA) writes to
    support the nomination of Dr. Timothy Petty to serve as Assistant
    Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere for the U.S. Department of
    Commerce.
        ACWA is the largest statewide coalition of public water agencies in
    the United States. ACWA represents approximately 470 member agencies
    that are responsible for delivering about 90 percent of the water to
    communities, farms, and businesses in California. ACWA and its members
    are dedicated to providing a high-quality, reliable water supply in an
    environmentally sustainable and fiscally responsible manner.
        Several of ACWA's key priorities align with the National Oceanic
    and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). For example, ACWA members seek
    to obtain Federal permits from the National Marine Fisheries Service
    (NMFS) and improve forecasting and modeling to predict water supply
    availability. Dr. Petty's expertise as a scientist, engineer, and
    dedicated public servant will only strengthen the Agency's capabilities
    in these critical areas.
        Dr. Petty is highly qualified to serve as Assistant Secretary for
    Oceans and Atmosphere at the Department of Commerce and as Deputy
    Administrator of NOAA. Dr. Petty brings a strong combination of Federal
    government experience and scientific expertise that will enhance the
    Agency's critical work implementing the Endangered Species Act (ESA)
    through NOAA Fisheries and advancing watershed forecasting efforts such
    as Forecast-Informed Reservoir Operations (FIRO).
        Dr. Petty's extensive public service includes well over a decade
    working in Congress, serving as Assistant Secretary for Water and
    Science at the Department of the Interior (DOI) during the first Trump
    Administration, and previously holding senior leadership roles at DOI
    including Acting Assistant Secretary and Deputy Assistant Secretary for
    Water and Science, under President George W. Bush. Holding a Bachelor's
    degree in Geosciences from Purdue University, a Master's in Business
    Management from the University of Maryland University College, and a
    Doctorate in Water Science and Policy from the University of Alaska
    Fairbanks, Dr. Petty's educational background supplements his
    dedication to applying evidence-based, science-driven solutions to
    Federal policymaking and program implementation.
        The West faces a great challenge contending with the worsening,
    historic drought. NOAA has continued to play a major role in helping
    our Nation work through this drought while balancing support for
    communities, businesses, agriculture, and ecosystem restoration. Dr.
    Petty is well qualified to navigate the unique challenges that Western
    states face through this trying time. ACWA welcomes the opportunity to
    work with Dr. Petty in a collaborative and constructive manner. We
    strongly support his nomination and urge his swift confirmation.
        Please do not hesitate to reach out if we can be of assistance in
    advancing Dr. Petty's nomination by contacting Ian Lyle, ACWA's
    Director of Federal Relations at ianl@acwa.com.
                Sincerely,
                                                      Ian Lyle,
                                          Director of Federal Relations
                                   Association of California Water Agencies

    CC:
    The Honorable Alex Padilla, U.S. Senate
    The Honorable Adam Schiff, U.S. Senate
                                     ______

                                  The Sanborn Map Company, Inc.
                                 Colorado Springs, CO, October 20, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        I am writing on behalf of The Sanborn Map Company, Inc., where I
    serve as Owner and Chief Executive Oﬃcer, to express my
    enthusiastic support for the nomination of Dr. Timothy Petty to serve
    as Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere at the
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). As a leader in
    the geospatial industry with over 150 years of experience delivering
    innovative remote sensing and mapping solutions to the U.S. government,
    Sanborn has a vested interest in the eﬀective stewardship of our
    Nation's oceans, atmosphere, and environmental data resources--all of
    which geospatial data and GIS services support. Dr. Petty's
    distinguished career and proven leadership in water science,
    environmental management, and interagency collaboration make him
    exceptionally qualiﬁed for this critical role.
        Dr. Petty brings a wealth of expertise to NOAA, honed through his
    tenure as Assistant Secretary for Water and Science at the Department
    of the Interior, where he oversaw the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and
    the Bureau of Reclamation. In that capacity, he played a pivotal role
    in advancing drought resilience strategies, including his leadership as
    Co-Chair of the National Drought Resilience Partnership (NDRP). This
    interagency eﬀort coordinates Federal policies, research,
    forecasting, and technology to enhance community preparedness for
    natural disasters--a mission that directly aligns with NOAA's core
    functions in weather prediction, climate monitoring, and oceanic
    resource management. His prior service as Deputy Assistant Secretary
    for Water and Science further underscores his deep understanding of the
    scientiﬁc and policy challenges at the intersection of water
    resources, environmental protection, and economic resilience.
        In addition to his work with multiple presidential administrations,
    Dr. Petty served as a senior advisor to three United States Senators,
    including Senator Connie Mack, Senator Rick Santorum, and Senator James
    Risch, as well as a Senior Professional Staﬀ Member on the House
    Transportation and Infrastructure Committee.
        At Sanborn, we have long partnered with Federal agencies like USGS
    and NOAA to deliver high-resolution geospatial data that informs
    decision-making on pressing issues such as ﬂood risk assessment,
    infrastructure planning, and landslide mitigation, to name a few. Dr.
    Petty's track record of fostering collaboration between agencies,
    including his support for NOAA's National Water Model, positions him to
    strengthen these vital partnerships. Under his guidance, NOAA can
    accelerate the integration of geospatial innovations with atmospheric
    and oceanic data, enabling more precise forecasts, enhanced
    environmental modeling, and robust support for industries from
    agriculture to disaster response.
        As Legislative Aﬀairs Chairman of MAPPS, the national
    association representing over 100 private-sector geospatial ﬁrms
    and 10,000 professionals, I have witnessed ﬁrsthand the
    importance of leaders who champion science-based policies and public-
    private collaboration. Dr. Petty embodies this ethos. His nomination
    represents an opportunity to elevate NOAA's mission in an era of
    increasing environmental challenges, ensuring that geospatial and
    atmospheric sciences continue to safeguard American lives, livelihoods,
    and landscapes.
        I urge the Committee to conﬁrm Dr. Petty without delay. His
    conﬁrmation will not only advance NOAA's strategic priorities but
    also reinforce the geospatial sector's role in supporting congressional
    intent for resilient infrastructure and environmental stewardship.
    Thank you for your leadership on these matters and for considering this
    letter in your deliberations.
                Sincerely,
                                                   John Copple,
                                     Owner and Chief Executive Officer,
                                              The Sanborn Map Company, Inc.
                                     ______

                                  Idaho Water Users Association
                                          Boise, ID, September 22, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz, Chairman,
    Hon. Maria Cantwell, Ranking Member,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    RE: Support for Dr. Tim Petty's Nomination

    Dear Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell and Members of the
                Committee:

        On behalf of the Idaho Water Users Association (IWUA), I write to
    express support for Dr. Timothy Petty as the next Assistant Secretary
    for Oceans and Atmosphere of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
        IWUA is a non-profit organization representing approximately 300
    canal companies, irrigation districts, ground water districts,
    municipal and public water suppliers, hydroelectric companies,
    aquaculture interests, agri-businesses, professional firms and
    individuals throughout Idaho. Our purpose is to promote, aid and assist
    in the development, control, conservation, preservation and utilization
    of Idaho's water resources.
        As the Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere, Dr. Petty
    would serve as the Deputy Administrator of the National Oceanic and
    Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and assist the Under Secretary of
    Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere in overseeing oceanic and
    atmospheric research, policy, and operations. NOAA Fisheries is
    responsible for the stewardship of the Nation's ocean resources and
    habitat. Using the Magnuson-Stevens Act as the guide, NOAA Fisheries
    works in partnership with Regional Fishery Management Councils to
    assess and predict the status of fish stocks, set catch limits, ensure
    compliance with fisheries regulations, and reduce bycatch. Under the
    Marine Mammal Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act (ESA), NOAA
    Fisheries works to recover protected marine species while allowing
    economic and recreational opportunities.
        IWUA members are impacted by BSA-related decisions made by NOAA
    Fisheries. We rely on NOAA fisheries to make reasons, science-based
    decisions that balance the needs of communities, economies and
    fisheries. Thus, this appointed position is critically important to our
    organization.
        Dr. Petty is a strong leader, a well-respected professional and a
    person with vision, common sense and high ethical standards. We have
    worked with Dr. Petty in the past on many water issues. He understands
    the unique challenges faced by water users--particularly in basins
    where the Federal government plays a significant role in the management
    of land and water.
        Dr. Petty has extensive Federal policy-level experience gained from
    his time on Capitol Hill and at the Department of the Interior,
    including as the Senate-confirmed Assistant Secretary for Water and
    Science at the Department of the Interior (DOI). He co-chaired the
    Water Subcabinet during the first Trump administration, an interagency
    coordination body established to streamline Federal water resource
    management, infrastructure modernization, drought resilience, and
    workforce development across agencies like. EPA, USDA, NOAA, DOE, and
    the Army Corps.
        We are confident that Dr. Petty will bring a level of practical
    experience, collaboration, intelligence and strong scientific integrity
    to this position that will serve not only the interests of the Federal
    government but also strengthen important fisheries while respecting
    communities and economies up and down the West Coast.
        IWUA respectfully requests your support for Dr. Tim Petty's
    nomination as the next Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere of
    the U.S. Department of Commerce. We know he will serve the Department,
    the Administration, and our Nation very well in this important
    position.
                Sincerely,
                                                Paul Arrington,
                                Executive Director and General Counsel,
                                             Idaho Water Users Association.
                                     ______

    Dear Senator,

        On behalf of the American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA),
    representing the seaports that connect U.S. commerce to the global
    economy, we write in strong support of the nomination of Laura DiBella
    to serve as a Commissioner on the Federal Maritime Commission (FMC).
        The FMC plays a critical role in ensuring fair competition and
    reliability in our Nation's maritime supply chains, particularly at a
    time when global instability, shifting trade patterns, and supply chain
    disruptions threaten American businesses and workers. Filling the
    Commission's current vacancies with qualified leaders is essential to
    providing continuity, expertise, and effective oversight of the
    industry.
        Laura DiBella is exceptionally qualified for this role. She brings
    decades of experience across both public and private sectors in
    maritime, trade, and economic development. Her leadership as President
    and CEO of Enterprise Florida and as Executive Director of the Florida
    Harbor Pilots Association reflects her deep understanding of both
    business and regulatory environments. Her direct operational
    perspective as Port Director of the Port of Fernandina Ocean Highway
    and Port Authority further demonstrates her familiarity with the daily
    challenges and opportunities facing U.S. ports. Beyond ports, her
    service as Executive Director of the Nassau County Economic Development
    Board underscores her commitment to advancing regional economic growth
    tied to maritime commerce.
        For these reasons, AAPA strongly urges the Senate Commerce,
    Science, and Transportation Committee to expeditiously advance Laura
    DiBella's nomination and for the full Senate to confirm her as a
    Commissioner on the FMC. Her proven leadership, breadth of maritime and
    economic development experience, and commitment to strengthening U.S.
    supply chains make her an invaluable addition to the Commission.
        We deeply appreciate your consideration of this important
    nomination.
                Very Respectfully,
                                                 Cary S. Davis,
                                                     President and CEO,
                                  American Association of Port Authorities.
                                     ______

             Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association (AFL-CIO)
                                     Washington, DC, September 17, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    U.S. Senate,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon, Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member
    U.S. Senate,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Re: Nomination of Laura DiBella to the Federal Maritime Commission

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of the Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association
    (M.E.B.A.), the Nation's oldest maritime labor union representing
    licensed U.S. merchant marine officers, I write to express our strong
    support for the nomination of Laura DiBella to serve as a Commissioner
    of the Federal Maritime Commission (FMC).
        Ms. DiBella has demonstrated throughout her career a deep
    understanding of the maritime industry and an abiding commitment to its
    successful growth. Her leadership as Executive Director of the Florida
    Harbor Pilots Association, Port Director of the Port of Fernandina, and
    Secretary of Commerce for the State of Florida reflects both her
    expertise and her proven ability to navigate the complex challenges
    facing U.S. ports, maritime commerce, and supply chains.
        Notably, Ms. DiBella has shown that she values and respects the
    invaluable role of maritime workers in supporting our Nation's growing
    economy. She has worked collaboratively with maritime labor,
    recognizing that a strong U.S.-flag fleet and skilled mariners are
    indispensable to our national defense and economic security. At a time
    when foreign carriers and alliances threaten to dominate international
    shipping, Ms. DiBella's leadership will help ensure that the FMC
    remains vigilant in protecting U.S. jobs, businesses, and fair
    competition in the global shipping industry.
        Her crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic, where she
    safeguarded critical maritime operations while ensuring the workforce
    remained supported, exemplifies the steady and capable leadership she
    will bring to the Commission. As the Administration works to revitalize
    the U.S. maritime industry, Ms. DiBella's vision and experience will be
    invaluable in promoting policies that strengthen the U.S.-flag fleet
    and ensure our merchant mariners can continue their essential service
    to the Nation.
        For these reasons, M.E.B.A. is proud to support the nomination of
    Laura DiBella to the Federal Maritime Commission and urges the
    Committee to move swiftly on her confirmation.
                Sincerely,
                                                    Adam Vokac,
                                                             President,
                                  Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association.
                                     ______

                              Florida Harbor Pilots Association
                                 Fort Lauderdale, FL, September 9, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    United States Senator for Texas,
    Washington, DC.

    RE: Letter of Recommendation for Laura DiBella for the Federal Maritime
                Commission

    Dear Senator Cruz:

        It is my honor to recommend Laura DiBella for confirmation to the
    Federal Maritime Commission. With her extensive background in maritime
    policy, industry and marine operations, Laura has very unique
    qualifications and insight which will be invaluable to the Federal
    Maritime Commission's mission.
        When I served as President of the Florida Harbor Pilots
    Association, I hired Laura as the Executive Director in 2019. Hiring
    Laura was the best decision I made as President, she did an excellent
    job as Executive Director. She learned the harbor pilot's issues and
    became very well respected in a short period of time with the Florida
    Legislatures.
        In addition, Laura was Florida's first female Secretary of
    Commerce. Furthermore, she served as President of Business Development
    at Florida Commerce, President/CEO at Enterprise Florida, Port Director
    for Fernandina Port Authority, and President of the Florida Opportunity
    Fund.
        Laura's leadership qualities to inspire, lead, and make a positive
    impact stand out in each position she has held. She is known for her
    integrity, loyalty, and dedication. In my opinion, she will bring the
    same level of professionalism and passion to the Federal Maritime
    Commission, and make a great Commissioner.
        In conclusion, without reservation, I wholeheartedly endorse Laura
    DiBella for a seat on the Federal Maritime Commission. I am confident
    that her appointment will enhance the Commission's efforts to foster a
    competitive and efficient maritime industry for the United States.
    Respectfully, I thank you for considering her nomination. If you have
    any questions, please do not hesitate to call me.
                Sincerely,
                                  Captain Sam Stephenson, J.D.,
                                                    President Emeritus,
                                         Florida Harbor Pilots Association.
                                     ______

                                                   UTC Overseas
                                           Houston, TX, August 17, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman, U.S. Senate,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member, U.S. Senate,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Subject: Strong Support for Senate Confirmation of Captain Stephen
                Carmel, nominee to be U.S. Administrator, Maritime
                Administration (MARAD), U.S. Department of Transportation

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of UTC Overseas, headquartered in your home state of
    Texas, I am writing to express our strong support for the Senate's
    confirmation of Captain Stephen Carmel to be Administrator of MARAD.
        As background, UTC Overseas was founded in New York in 1926 and
    transferred its worldwide headquarters to Houston. With 50 offices
    around the globe, we have been a leading provider of international
    project logistics and transportation services for nearly a century.
    From our Houston headquarters at 2 North Point Drive, we serve as a
    critical link in America's export supply chain, facilitating the
    movement of U.S. manufactured goods and equipment to infrastructure
    projects worldwide.
        As a U.S.-headquartered company with deep roots in Texas, UTC
    Overseas is a strong advocate for Cargo Preference requirements and the
    U.S. flag merchant fleet. These policies are essential to maintaining
    America's maritime industrial base and ensuring that American workers
    and American vessels benefit from U.S. government-impelled cargo. Our
    company has assisted many clients of major U.S. OEMs and other U.S.
    manufacturers with U.S. Export-Import Bank transactions, supporting
    billions of dollars in American exports that create and sustain high-
    paying jobs across the maritime, manufacturing, and logistics sectors.
        Captain Carmel's extensive commercial maritime expertise makes him
    uniquely qualified to lead MARAD during this critical period for
    America's maritime industry. His four decades of experience--from
    achieving his first command of a 40,000-ton tanker at age 26 to serving
    in senior executive roles at Maersk Line Limited--provides the rare
    combination of operational knowledge and business acumen needed to
    execute the Administration's Maritime Action Plan.
        If confirmed, Captain Carmel would become the first MARAD
    Administrator since 2005 to hold a Master's Unlimited license, bringing
    invaluable hands-on maritime experience to the role. His deep
    understanding of commercial shipping operations, combined with his
    corporate experience managing complex vessel operations, positions him
    perfectly to advance policies that strengthen both our national
    security sealift capability and our commercial maritime
    competitiveness.
        Texas is home to some of America's most important maritime
    infrastructure, including the ports of Houston, Beaumont, Galveston,
    and Corpus Christi. These facilities, along with the skilled maritime
    workers they employ, are essential to America's role as a global
    trading nation. Strong leadership at MARAD is crucial to ensuring that
    Texas ports and the broader U.S. maritime transportation system remain
    competitive with international rivals, particularly China, which now
    builds 74 percent of the world's ships compared to America's 0.2
    percent.
        Captain Carmel's selection reflects the Administration's wise
    recognition that rebuilding America's maritime industrial base requires
    deep industry experience rather than purely military credentials. His
    experience with the Maritime Security Program and understanding of
    public-private partnerships will be invaluable as MARAD implements new
    initiatives including the Maritime Security Trust Fund and Maritime
    Prosperity Zones.
        From our perspective as a Houston-based company that depends on
    efficient maritime transportation systems and strong U.S. flag
    policies, we believe Captain Carmel's nomination represents exactly the
    kind of commercial-first leadership approach needed to revitalize
    American maritime competitiveness.
        We respectfully urge the Committee to move expeditiously on Captain
    Carmel's confirmation so that MARAD can have the experienced leadership
    it needs to execute the Administration's ambitious maritime agenda.
        Thank you for your consideration of our views and your continued
    leadership on issues vital to Texas and American maritime interests.
                Sincerely,
                                                 Marco Poisler,
                    UTC Overseas COO--Global Energy & Capital Projects,
                                                         UTC Overseas, Inc.

    cc: Majority Staff: Alexis Rudd
    Minority Staff: Nikky Teutschel
                                     ______

                                Dredging Contractors of America
                                      Washington, DC, 09 September 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Re: Nomination of Laura DiBella to be a Federal Maritime Commissioner

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of the Dredging Contractors of America, I write in strong
    support of President Donald Trump's nomination of Laura DiBella to
    serve as a Federal Maritime Commissioner. We respectfully urge her
    swift confirmation to this critical role.
        The Dredging Contractors of America represents private-sector
    companies engaged in marine dredging, coastal restoration, harbor
    maintenance, and marine construction for America's navigation channels,
    port authorities, energy terminals, harbors, and U.S. military
    installations nationwide.
        We know Laura DiBella well. She has been a strong and effective
    voice in the maritime, ports, and commerce sectors. Her distinguished
    service includes leadership as Executive Director of the Florida Harbor
    Pilots Association, Port Director of the Port of Fernandina Ocean
    Highway and Port Authority, and Secretary of Commerce for the State of
    Florida--experiences that uniquely prepare her to serve with
    distinction on the Commission.
        Ms. DiBella brings proven leadership and crisis management skills,
    coupled with a clear vision for port expansion, infrastructure growth,
    and the dredging and marine construction projects essential to U.S.
    competitiveness. As Executive Director of the Florida Harbor Pilots
    during the COVID-19 pandemic, it's a matter of record that she guided
    the organization through unprecedented challenges, ensuring pilots
    remained employed even as Florida's cruise industry--vital to the
    state's economy--came to a standstill.
        In closing, Laura DiBella is exceptionally qualified to serve as
    Federal Maritime Commissioner.
        Her leadership, experience, and commitment to strengthening
    America's maritime sector will be an asset to the Commission and the
    Nation. We urge her prompt confirmation and stand ready to provide any
    additional information the Committee may require.
                Respectfully,
                                              William P. Doyle,
                                               Chief Executive Officer,
                                       Dredging Contractors of America.
                                     ______

                                                 Resolve Marine
                                                     September 19, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking member Cantwell:

        It is with great pride and unwavering confidence that I write to
    recommend Laura DiBella for confirmation as a Commissioner of the
    Federal Maritime Commission. As Chief Executive Officer of Resolve
    Marine, a global leader in maritime emergency response and salvage
    operations, I have had the privilege of observing Ms. DiBella's career
    and contributions to the maritime sector with deep respect and
    admiration.
        Ms. DiBella brings to this nomination a rare blend of strategic
    vision, operational acumen, and public service dedication. Her tenure
    as Florida's first female Secretary of Commerce and her leadership of
    Enterprise Florida demonstrated her ability to navigate complex
    regulatory environments, foster international trade relationships, and
    champion maritime economic development. Her efforts have directly
    supported the growth of port infrastructure,logistics innovation, and
    the advancement of U.S. maritime competitiveness.
        Throughout her career, Ms. DiBella has exemplified the values of
    integrity, transparency, and collaboration.She has consistently engaged
    stakeholders across government, industry, and community sectors to
    build consensus and deliver results. Her understanding of the maritime
    domain, from port operations to international shipping dynamics,
    positions her uniquely to contribute to the Commission's mission of
    ensuring a fair, efficient, and secure maritime transportation system.
        In an era where global supply chains face unprecedented challenges,
    the Federal Maritime Commission requires leaders who not only
    understand the intricacies of maritime commerce but who also possess
    the courage and clarity to act decisively. Ms. DiBella is such a
    leader. Her appointment would bring a seasoned, principled, and
    forward-thinking voice to the Commission.
        I respectfully urge the Committee to confirm Laura DiBella to this
    vital role. Her service will undoubtedly strengthen the Commission's
    work and benefit the maritime industry and the Nation at large.
                Sincerely,
                                     Joseph Edward Farrell III,
                                               Chief Executive Officer,
                                                            Resolve Marine.
                                     ______

                    U.S. Exporters Competitive Maritime Council
                                                      August 14th, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    U.S. Senate Committee Commerce, Science, and Transportation
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    U.S. Senate Committee Commerce, Science, and Transportation
    Washington, DC

    Subject: Recommendation for Senate Confirmation of Captain Stephen
                Carmel, nominee to be U.S. Administrator, Maritime
                Administration (MARAD), U.S. Department of Transportation.

    Dear Chairman Cruz, and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of the members of the U.S. EXPORTERS COMPETITIVE MARITIME
    COUNCIL (ECMC), it is our pleasure to support the Senate's confirmation
    of nominee Captain Stephen Carmel to be Administrator of MARAD.
        As background, the ECMC (ecmc-us.org) was formed in 1997 to
    represent the interests of U.S. exporters who are involved in export/
    import trade, transportation and supply chain management of cargoes
    that are required to support large-scale infrastructure projects
    (Capital Projects). Our member companies (see below) make up a large
    majority of leading U.S. companies responsible for these shipments.
    Please note that Capital Projects have historically supported thousands
    of high paying U.S. manufacturing, engineering, and service jobs. The
    successful execution of these projects, and the ability of our U.S.
    Companies to compete internationally, is highly dependent on an
    efficient U.S. Maritime Transportation System that is well aligned with
    our National Transportation System.
        Captain Carmel's extensive commercial maritime expertise makes him
    uniquely qualified to provide the leadership to execute the
    Administration and Congressional bi-partisan efforts to rebuild
    America's critical maritime industrial base. If confirmed, Captain
    Carmel would bring a rare combination of operational and executive
    experience at MARAD. As a graduate of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy,
    Captain Carmel would become the first MARAD Administrator since 2005 to
    hold a Master's Unlimited license. He has also held several senior
    level corporate positions within our maritime industry. Captain
    Carmel's extensive commercial background would provides the necessary
    insights to execute the Maritime Action Plan envisioned by the
    Administration's Executive Order and the bi-partisan maritime
    legislation currently under consideration in Congress.
        Simply put, our country is a Maritime Nation with 43 States out of
    50 having at least one seaport capable of facilitating U.S. Exports.
    Sadly, our transportation port and intermodal infrastructure that
    supports our maritime transportation system has fallen behind our
    international competition such as China. Rebuilding our maritime
    industrial base requires strong leadership at MARAD and the ability to
    work with the Secretary and other Senate confirmed Modal Administrators
    at the U.S. Department of Transportation. In view of the above, we urge
    an expedited Senate confirmation of Captain Stephen Carmel to be
    Administrator of MARAD.
                Sincerely,
                                                  Jesus Mejias,
                                                             President,
                                                                      ECMC.

    cc: ECMC Membership
    Majority Staff: Alexis Rudd
    Minority Staff: Nikky Teutschel

    MEMBER COMPANIES--alphabetical order

    Air Products                                       International Trade & Transportion, Inc.
    Amos Logistics                                     KBR
    Babcock Power                                      Kiewit
    Bechtel Corporation                                Kuehne + Nagel
    Bertling Logistics                                 Linde Engineering America
    Black & Veatch                                     McDermott International
    Crane Worldwide                                    Plug Power
    dbSchenker                                         Powell Electric
    deugro USA                                         Siemens Gamesa
    DHL Global Forwarding                              Technip Energies
    Drexel Logistics                                   TechnipFMC
    DSV                                                UTC Overseas
    Fluor                                              Vogt Power
    Fracht                                             Worley
    Freeport McMorAn

                                     ______

                      Washington State House of Representatives
                                                      October 7th, 2025

    ATTN: The Honorable Ted Cruz and Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and Members of the
                Committee:

        I am honored to strongly recommend Dr. Tim Petty for confirmation
    as Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere within the
    U.S. Department of Commerce. Dr. Petty is an accomplished leader whose
    extensive expertise, integrity, and record of service uniquely qualify
    him to guide the Nation's work in advancing our oceans, atmosphere, and
    critical natural resource programs.
        I had the opportunity to work with Dr. Petty during his tenure as
    Assistant Secretary for Water and Science at the U.S. Department of the
    Interior, and subsequently, as Senior Professional Staff Member for the
    House Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment. In both roles,
    he demonstrated exceptional skill in navigating complex water and
    infrastructure challenges, fostering bipartisan solutions, and
    advancing policies that directly benefit communities in Washington
    State and across the country. His ability to bridge science, policy,
    and practical implementation is rare, and has earned him the respect of
    colleagues in both the Executive and Legislative branches.
        A prime example of his leadership was his instrumental role in
    restarting construction on the Columbia Basin Project--the largest
    unfinished reclamation project in the Nation. Recognizing both the
    political sensitivities and the pressing needs of communities deprived
    of reliable water resources, Dr. Petty elevated the issue, provided
    technical guidance, and successfully championed the project within the
    Bureau of Reclamation and later in the House Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure. His persistence and vision helped
    move this decades-delayed initiative forward, ensuring progress for
    future generations.
        Beyond his policy and technical expertise, Dr. Petty is deeply
    respected for his character. He is approachable, thoughtful, and
    committed to listening to stakeholders--from local community leaders to
    Members of Congress. His broad professional network, coupled with his
    specialized knowledge of Federal water, infrastructure, and
    environmental policy, will make him an invaluable leader at the
    Department of Commerce.
        I strongly recommend Dr. Tim Petty's nomination. I am confident
    that his experience, professionalism, and unwavering dedication to
    public service will bring great value to the Agency and to the American
    people.
        Thank you for your consideration of this outstanding nominee.
                Respectfully,
                                        Representative Mary Dye
                                  Washington State House of Representatives
                                                   9th Legislative District

        Senator Markey. Senators will have until the close of
    business on October 24 to submit questions for the record. The
    nominees will have until the close of business on October 27 to
    respond to the questions which are going to be given to you.
        That concludes today's hearing, and with that the Committee
    stands adjourned.
        [Whereupon, at 12:32 p.m., the hearing was adjourned.]

                                A P P E N D I X

          Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Ted Cruz to
                               Stephen M. Carmel
        Question 1. A recent American Affairs article\1\ warns that efforts
    to rebuild America's maritime must ``navigate between the Scylla of
    government coddling and the Charybdis of nonmarket opponents.'' If
    confirmed, how would you revitalize the U.S. merchant marine and
    shipbuilding base through targeted, market-driven measures--while
    avoiding excessive subsidies or preferential treatment for legacy
    contractors?
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
        \1\ William Cahill & Jacqueline Deal, A Shining City on the Sea:
    Rebuilding America's Maritime Industry, 9 AM. AFF. 2 (May 2025),
    https://americanaffairsjournal.org/2025/05/a-shining-city-on-the-sea-
    rebuilding-americas-maritime-industry/.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Answer. Thank you for the question, I agree that the U.S. maritime
    industry needs to reduce its reliance on direct government support.
    What is needed in its place is indirect support by adjusting national
    policy to include maritime in trade deals to ensure the merchant marine
    carries our Nation's commerce. This requires initial government direct
    support for the transition. However, this support must be time-bound
    and tied to the implementation of the indirect support structure.
        Global shipping and shipbuilding are industries of scale--scale in
    operations, supply chains, and global reach for comprehensive support.
        To compete internationally, U.S. companies must achieve this scale.
    MARAD's job is to create the conditions that enable this growth.
    Therefore, we must walk a careful line: encouraging new market entrants
    without discouraging the vital growth necessary to achieve that
    essential scale.

        Question 2. Taxpayer support for the maritime industry has at times
    propped up underperforming firms without strengthening U.S. capacity.
    Will you commit, if confirmed, to limiting MARAD assistance to
    performance-based programs that reduce the risk of long-term industry
    dependence? How will you work to accomplish this goal?
        Answer. I agree that taxpayer support should drive performance, not
    dependency. If confirmed, I'll ensure MARAD funding is tied to
    measurable outcomes--specifically, more ships built here, more mariners
    trained, and stronger commercial competitiveness, focusing on our
    Nation's commerce. This means moving away from open-ended subsidies and
    toward performance-based tools that reward innovation, efficiency, and
    private investment. Every Federal dollar should strengthen national
    capacity, not sustain firms that can't compete.

        Question 3. Rigid contracting practices can hinder innovation. How
    will this fact inform your approach to MARAD's role in overseeing ship
    financing, training vessel acquisition, and reserve fleet management?
        Answer. I share your concern about propping up inefficiency; as a
    member of the maritime industry dealing with these issues, I've often
    been personally frustrated by them. However, the problem isn't just
    poor performance--it's that many of our maritime programs are built on
    1950s models that no longer fit the world we operate in. Simply
    tightening contracts on legacy programs like the Ready Reserve Fleet
    won't solve that fundamental issue.
        If confirmed, I'd push for a system-level rethink across the
    enterprise (MARAD, MSC, TRANSCOM). This involves clarifying what
    capabilities we actually need and then designing modern, performance-
    based tools to deliver them. We must update both what we're doing and
    how we do it.

        Question 4. As Maritime Administrator, how will you ensure U.S.
    shipbuilders and carriers remain innovative and globally competitive,
    despite reduced pressure from foreign markets?
        Answer. That question strikes at the heart of my focus on
    rebuilding U.S. shipbuilding. The only way to make U.S. shipbuilders
    truly innovative and competitive is to rebuild the industry so it's
    once again exposed to international competition. Right now, isolation
    has bred inefficiency. If we can move U.S. shipbuilding down the cost
    curve through modernized yards, scalable production, and smarter demand
    signals, our builders can compete globally. That revitalizes our
    industrial base, attracts private capital, and naturally fixes industry
    problems.
        Moving U.S. shipbuilding down the cost curve is about restoring
    both industrial competitiveness and national security. Today, our
    shipyards are trapped in low-volume, high-cost cycles that make them
    dependent on government contracts and completely divorced from
    international commercial ship production best practices. The solution
    isn't more protection--it's scale and modernization.
        We need greenfield yards built around advanced modular
    construction, digital engineering, and automation. These must be
    supported by steady commercial demand so firms can plan long-term
    investments. When that happens, per-unit costs drop dramatically,
    private capital returns to the sector, and U.S. builders can compete
    internationally. That revitalizes the broader industrial base--steel,
    components, logistics--while giving us a more resilient sealift and
    naval support foundation. In the process, a healthy, competitive
    shipbuilding ecosystem naturally narrows the Jones Act freight-rate
    wedge by bringing down transport costs. The economic and security
    benefits move in the same direction.
                                     ______

        Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Roger Wicker to
                               Stephen M. Carmel
    U.S. Merchant Marine Academy
        Background: The U.S. Merchant Marine Academy's (USMMA) facilities
    lag behind the other service academies. Many of the buildings date back
    to the 1940s and are unable to meet the needs of current and future
    midshipmen. Given these conditions and the lack of significant
    investment in campus infrastructure for decades, it is critical that
    the Maritime Administration and Academy leadership implement their
    Campus Modernization Plan expediently to rehabilitate and modernize the
    campus.

        Question 1. The conditions of the Merchant Marine Academy's
    facilities fall below the other service academies. Many of the
    buildings exhibit crumbling concrete, leaking pipes, mold, and
    inadequate heating and air conditioning for the Midshipmen.

        Question 2. Wouldn't you agree that the state of the campus makes
    it hard to recruit top talent for this prestigious service academy?
        Answer. Yes, I completely agree, and I thank Secretary Duffy for
    his continued commitment and leadership to supporting the Merchant
    Marine Academy. Secretary Duffy has made it a top priority to
    expediently implement a modernization plan to rehabilitate the campus's
    infrastructure. Modernizing the facilities is essential for recruiting,
    as a state-of-the-art campus signals an investment in the midshipmen's
    future and provides the technological environment needed for a 21st-
    century maritime education. By offering competitive, high-quality
    living and training spaces, the Academy can attract and retain the
    Nation's brightest future leaders.

        Question 3. If confirmed, will you commit to working with the
    Department of Transportation to implement the Campus Modernization
    Plan?
        Answer. Yes, I look forward, if confirmed, to working with this
    committee and all stakeholders to implement the plan and fix Kings
    Point.
    Maritime Security Program/Tanker Security Program
        Background: The Maritime Security Program is a vital component of
    our military strategic sealift and global response capability. It is
    designed to ensure that the United States has a U.S. flag commercial
    sealift capability and trained U.S. citizen merchant mariners available
    in times of war or national emergencies. The Tanker Security Program
    (TSP) ensures that a core fleet of U.S.-based product tankers can
    operate competitively in international trade and enhance U.S. supply
    chain resiliency for liquid fuel products. The TSP will provide the
    Department of Defense with assured access to 10 U.S.-registered product
    tank vessels that may be used to supply the armed forces with fuel
    during times of armed conflict or national emergency.

        Question 1. The Tanker Security Program and Maritime Security
    Program play a key role in maintaining our sealift capability and
    supporting the U.S.-flag fleet. From your perspective, does the
    Department of Defense provide enough cargo to keep the Tanker Security
    Program commercially viable? How would you manage or expand preference
    cargoes to strengthen participation?
        Answer. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with DOW on
    this important issue and getting read up on the specifics. Interagency
    collaboration is imperative and I look forward to working with your
    office on this issue.
                                     ______

        Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Dan Sullivan to
                               Stephen M. Carmel
    Port Infrastructure Development Program and Visit Alaska
        Alaska's unique geography and lack of transportation infrastructure
    means that my constituents rely on maritime transportation as a
    lifeline.
        Alaska has 33,904 miles of shoreline, dwarfing the entire Lower 48.
    A majority of Alaskan communities are dependent on barge deliveries for
    food, building materials, and everyday household goods necessary to
    support life in the 21st Century. In many parts of the state, these
    deliveries occur only two or three times per year. However, even today,
    many of our communities lack reliable marine access.
        One of the biggest infrastructure gaps in the State of Alaska, in
    terms of lack of support for Federal support mechanisms, is the lack of
    a waterfront program to support our rural communities.
        Through previous efforts with the Commerce Committee and the
    Infrastructure bill, we have made significant progress in supporting
    these communities and projects through the MARAD Port Infrastructure
    Development program.

        Question 1. Will you commit to strong support for the Port
    Infrastructure Development program?
        Answer. If confirmed, I can commit to working with your office to
    continue to follow the law, as passed by Congress.

        Question 2. Will you commit to ensure that Alaska's port and harbor
    projects are evaluated based on their strategic and community
    importance?
        Answer. If confirmed, I commit to evaluating projects based on
    their merit and look forward to working directly with your office to
    understand Alaska's port and harbor priorities.

        Question 3. Will you support efforts to ensure that MARAD adopts
    permit streamlining practices to avoid duplicative environmental
    reviews that delay critical maritime infrastructure projects?
        Answer. If confirmed, I commit to working to ensure timely reviews
    of maritime infrastructure projects wherever possible.
    Port of Alaska Modernization Program (PAMP)--Project Background and
            Status Background
        The Port of Alaska handles nearly half of all cargo entering the
    state and is a designated Defense Strategic Port, making it essential
    for both civilian supply chains and national security. Aging
    infrastructure--over 50 years old--is at risk of catastrophic failure,
    especially in the event of a major earthquake. The docks are heavily
    corroded and beyond their design life.
        The Port of Alaska Modernization Program (PAMP) is a five-phase
    reconstruction effort focused on replacing, not expanding,
    infrastructure to ensure long-term resilience and efficiency.
    Modernization will strengthen seismic resilience, accommodate larger,
    deeper-draft vessels, and bring facilities up to current codes and
    standards--all while supporting Alaska's economy and military
    readiness.
        Timely Federal action is critical. MARAD's support in streamlining
    reviews, accelerating permitting, and facilitating funding will be key
    to keeping this lifeline operational for decades to come. Delays risk
    severe consequences for Alaska's supply chain and national defense
    capacity. This is not just a state issue--it's a strategic national
    priority.

        Question 1. Given MARAD's central role in reviewing and funding
    port infrastructure projects, would you ensure the Port of Alaska
    Modernization Program stays on schedule and receives the Federal
    priority it deserves, considering the risks to both Alaska's supply
    chain and national defense readiness if this project is delayed?
        Answer. I commit to working with you and your office to ensure that
    programs such as the Port of Alaska modernization program are executed
    in a timely and efficient manner.
    University of Alaska--Centers of Excellence for Domestic Maritime
            Workforce Training and Education
        As part of the FY2023 MARAD Authorization (that became law via FY23
    NDAA) I worked to authorize the Maritime Administration to designate
    eligible organizations as centers of excellence for domestic maritime
    workforce training and education, and authorized funding to support
    maritime workforce development activities at designated centers of
    excellence.
        While I'm pleased that the Maritime Administration has taken the
    steps to designate centers, including the Alaska Maritime Education
    Consortium, there has been no funding to ultimately address maritime
    workforce challenges.

        Question 1. Will you commit to working to see that appropriate
    funding is requested in the President's Budget so the United States can
    increase its efforts to train the next generation of maritime
    professionals?
        Answer. I can commit to working with your office to continue to
    follow the law, as passed by Congress.
    Missile Defense Agency Vessel Recapitalization
        Given the immediate national security and operational risks posed
    by the impending decommissioning of the Missile Defense Agency's
    telemetry ships, I urge MARAD to act swiftly under its existing
    contractual authorities and issue the necessary Task Orders/Delivery
    Orders under the current Vessel Construction Manager contract. While I
    understand the process is underway, the timeline remains extremely
    tight.
        Question 1. Will you commit upon confirmation to issue the TO/DOs
    to initiate vessel design? If any administrative or procedural barriers
    remain, please identify those issues along with a corrective action
    plan and timeline that aligns with Congress's intent for immediate
    recapitalization.
        Answer. I can commit to working with your office to continue to
    follow the law, as passed by Congress.
    Wrangell RAISE Grant Coordination
        The City and Borough of Wrangell have been working closely with the
    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and MARAD on a project of high
    importance to my state--specifically, the replacement of deteriorating
    float infrastructure in Wrangell Harbor, which is linked to long-
    standing dredging needs in the federally authorized navigation basin.
        It has been reported to my office that while NEPA concerns for the
    float replacement portion have been addressed through coordination with
    the USACE Regulatory Division and the Borough, NEPA requirements
    associated with the USACE-led dredging effort remain unresolved. I
    understand that MARAD is serving as the lead Federal agency for NEPA on
    this project and is conducting an Environmental Assessment (EA) rather
    than an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), which should allow for a
    more streamlined process.
        The current holdup, as conveyed to me, is that USACE has yet to
    submit a required sampling work plan for review under MARAD's pre-NEPA
    process. Until this work plan is approved, in-water sediment sampling
    cannot occur--delaying essential technical and environmental analyses.
    MARAD reportedly provided guidance for this work plan as early as May
    2025, but USACE has cited staffing shortages and operational delays as
    the reason for their lack of progress.
        Because the dredging and float replacement are interdependent
    efforts, and because the Borough cannot finalize its RAISE grant
    agreement with MARAD until NEPA is completed for both, this delay
    threatens to stall a key infrastructure project in my state. I
    understand that once the USACE work plan is received, MARAD's internal
    review could move quickly. I appreciate MARAD's responsiveness on that
    front.
        In light of these circumstances, I respectfully urge MARAD to
    prioritize this project and take all possible steps to expedite its
    part in the NEPA process once the necessary materials are provided by
    USACE. This project is important to the local economy, to maritime
    safety, and to honoring the commitments made under the RAISE program.

        Question 1. Once confirmed, will you commit to this project and
    your coordination with the Borough and USACE?
        Answer. If I receive the honor of confirmation, I can commit to
    working to understanding the specifics of MARADs role in this project
    and to expeditiously review the issue.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Maria Cantwell to
                               Stephen M. Carmel
        Shipbuilding. There is bipartisan agreement that it is critical we
    increase American-built and American-crewed ships to support our
    economy, increase international trade, and strengthen our national
    security. This includes investments in shipyard and port
    infrastructure, expanding financial tools needed to incentivize
    shipbuilding and shipyard modernization, and investing in our maritime
    workforce.

        Question 1. Please describe your plan to invest in port
    infrastructure and increase U.S. shipbuilding capacity.
        Answer. I fully agree that rebuilding our shipbuilding ecosystem is
    critical--not only for national security, but also for addressing
    broader economic issues such as freight rate wedges and supply chain
    resilience.
        I plan to attract private capital and gradually reduce the need for
    government involvement with the ultimate objective of reestablishing
    shipbuilding as a self-sustaining, commercially competitive industry.
    By restoring competitiveness and scale in the private sector, we can
    both strengthen our industrial base and ensure that the maritime and
    logistics sectors contribute fully to U.S. economic and national
    security objectives.

        Question 2. How do you plan to use programs like the Title XI loan
    guarantee program or new financing mechanisms to spur commercial
    shipbuilding in the United States?
        Answer. A critical component of rebuilding our shipbuilding
    ecosystem is fixing the financing side of the equation. The current
    Title XI program is inadequate to the task--it doesn't provide true
    construction financing or refund guarantees, both of which are
    essential to support modern shipbuilding at competitive cost and risk
    levels. There are several adjustments to the Title XI program that can
    address these shortcomings and aligns financing mechanisms with the
    broader goal of moving U.S. shipbuilding down the cost curve and
    attracting private capital participation.

        Question 3. Do you commit to working with Congress on legislation
    to grow the U.S. shipbuilding capacity and the maritime industrial
    base?
        Answer. If confirmed, I commit to working with Congress on
    implementing any legislation it passes effectively and efficiently.

        Mariner Workforce. A key aspect of the Maritime Administration's
    (MARAD) mission is to train and educate our next generation of U.S.
    mariners. However, the United States has a serious shortage of
    credentialed mariners, and in 2024, both the USTRANSCOM Commander and
    the former MARAD Administrator testified regarding their concerns about
    the mariner shortage.

        Question 1. What specific steps will you take to address our
    Nation's shortage of mariners?
        Answer. The mariner shortage we're seeing isn't simply about
    headcount--it's a structural problem. A major factor is the Ready
    Reserve Force (RRF) model, which depends on sudden surges in manpower.
    When RRF activation stresses the labor pool, it shows the system is
    unbalanced: if we can surge the RRF, we have too many mariners for
    normal operations; if we can't, the model isn't sustainable.
        To fix this, I'd start by working closely with our union partners
    to realign how we develop and sustain the workforce. We must build
    mariner employment in tandem with new ship construction and operations,
    so people have steady jobs, not just surge demand. This means
    integrating workforce planning with programs like fleet
    recapitalization and sealift renewal.
        We also need to modernize mariner training and credentialing--for
    example, expanding simulation-based training, easing transitions for
    military and offshore energy mariners into deep-sea service, and
    strengthening the pipeline through the state maritime academies.
    Lastly, we need to work closely with the USCG to bring the mariner
    credentialing system into the 21st century, a frustration I hear often
    from our mariners.
        If we get those structural and workforce elements right, we won't
    just patch a temporary shortage--we'll rebuild a strong, steady U.S.
    mariner base that supports both national security and commercial
    competitiveness.

        Question 2. What are your plans to improve the conditions at the
    U.S. Merchant Marine Academy to include aging infrastructure and
    outdated curriculum?
        Answer. There are already important programs underway to address
    this issue, including the campus modernization plan, which I am fully
    committed to supporting. Once confirmed, my first step will be to
    conduct a detailed review of what MARAD is currently doing or planning
    in this area, ensuring that ongoing efforts are effective and properly
    aligned with our broader mission. The Committee will be informed as we
    work collaboratively to identify any gaps or needed improvements.
        As an Academy alumnus, I am deeply concerned about the state of our
    maritime education system. I am committed to working aggressively--in
    partnership with Congress and all stakeholders--to ensure these
    programs deliver the modern facilities, training, and support our
    future mariners deserve.

        Sexual Misconduct. When a USMMA cadet, known as Midshipman-X, came
    forward in 2021 alleging she was raped on a Maersk ship, I wrote to
    MARAD. We went on to include specific provisions in the 2023 NDAA to
    prevent sexual assault and sexual harassment while at sea. Sexual
    misconduct is a crime, and we have to protect both our current and
    future mariners.

        Question 1. Will you prioritize mitigating sexual misconduct in the
    maritime industry if confirmed as MARAD Administrator?
        Answer. My time as a ship's captain, where I sailed with female
    crew members, provided me with direct, practical experience in managing
    crew welfare, particularly concerning safety and professional conduct.
    This experience gave me firsthand insight into the specific logistical
    and cultural adjustments necessary to ensure a safe, respectful, and
    fully compliant working environment for all personnel. This includes
    implementing and strictly enforcing policies to prevent and promptly
    address sexual misconduct and harassment.
        This isn't just a policy issue; it's about culture. Every mariner
    deserves to know they'll be safe and respected at sea, and I'll make
    that a top priority. As I said at my hearing, this is a simple issue at
    its core: treating each other with respect and not tolerating those who
    don't.

        Question 2. During your staff interview, you said you were not
    personally involved in Maersk's handling of the matter involving
    Midshipman-X or a subsequent matter involving Midshipman-Y. Is that
    correct?
        Answer. Yes. By the time this occurred, the internal division
    within MLL had already taken place, and I was running the USMMI
    business unit, not directly involved in ``Blue Fleet'' operations.

        Question 3. Have you ever discouraged Maersk, or any other entity
    with which you were employed, from reporting an allegation of sexual
    harassment or assault under 46 U.S.C. Sec. 10104?
        Answer. No.

        Question 4. What specific measures would you put into place to
    mitigate sexual misconduct throughout the maritime industry if
    confirmed?
        Answer. This is an issue I take very seriously. As a Master, I've
    sailed with mixed crews, including female officers and mariners, and I
    know firsthand that safety and respect must be built into the ship's
    culture from day one.
        If confirmed, I'd bring that same culture to MARAD--ensuring strong
    reporting systems, real accountability, and consistent enforcement
    across the industry. I'd also work closely with unions, the Coast
    Guard, academies, and operators to share best practices and strengthen
    prevention training.
        This isn't just a policy issue; it's about culture. Every mariner
    deserves to know they'll be safe and respected at sea, and I'll make
    that a top priority. As I said at my hearing, this is a simple issue at
    its core: treating each other with respect and not tolerating those who
    don't.

        Question 5. At the hearing, you said Kings Point has a ``long way
    to go'' in terms of dealing with sexual misconduct. Please elaborate on
    this testimony, including by explaining why you believe this and what
    specific actions you will pursue at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy to
    protect our future mariners if confirmed.
        Answer. Thank you for the question and the opportunity to expand on
    my initial answer. When I said Kings Point has a long way to go, I was
    referring to all aspects of its operations, not just issues related to
    SASH (Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment). My direct experience with
    the Academy is somewhat dated, so if confirmed, I intend to take a
    fresh, detailed look at the current situation before drawing firm
    conclusions.

        Question 6. Were you aware of any instances of sexual harassment or
    sexual assault at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy while serving on the
    Board of Directors that you believe were not properly reported or
    investigated? If so, please detail these matters.
        Answer. I am not aware of any such instances.

        Tariffs. In 2022, you gave a speech stating that ``every firm in
    every country in the supply chain'' feels the pain of tariffs, and that
    politicians ``enacting tariffs actually have no idea who and where they
    are causing pain.''

        Question 1. If confirmed, how do you intend to use your role as
    MARAD Administrator to help address the ``pain'' from the current
    tariffs?
        Answer. The MARAD Administrator does not hold the primary authority
    to set or impose tariffs; this power rests mainly with the President
    (via the USTR) and Congress MARAD's role is not tariff setting and is
    not a primary function of the role of which I am nominated for.

        Surface Transportation Reauthorization. The Bipartisan
    Infrastructure Law provided $2.25 billion for the Port Infrastructure
    Development Grant Program, among other investments. The Surface
    Transportation Reauthorization bill would be an excellent opportunity
    to secure funding and provisions to support the industry.

        Question 1. Do you think maritime issues should be part of the next
    Surface Transportation Reauthorization?
        Answer. If confirmed, I look forward to working proactively with
    your office on priorities pertinent to MARAD, at any point and under
    the direction of Congress.

        Food Aid. Food aid is one of the largest sources of cargo
    guaranteed to U.S. flag ships, and the Administration's dismantling of
    USAID has had major implications on the fleet. In Fiscal Year 2024, the
    USAID's Title II Food for Peace program ordered about 606,301 metric
    tons of food aid, and as of July 29 of Fiscal Year 2025, only 259,000
    metric tons have been ordered.

        Question 1. How does the cancellation of food aid impact the U.S.
    Merchant Marine, and do you have solutions?
        Answer. The rebuilding of our maritime enterprise must be rooted in
    carrying the Nation's commerce. A strong U.S. Merchant Marine must once
    again be central to how America moves its goods, competes globally, and
    secures its supply chains.
        That commitment is essential to our economic strength and directly
    supports MARAD's mission. It is also the only viable path to developing
    the cargo base we need, at the scale required to accomplish the overall
    goal of revitalizing and rebuilding the domestic U.S. maritime industry
    and workforce.

        Question 2. What are the consequences of the fleet not having
    enough cargo?
        Answer. Maritime shipping is a business, and the movement of cargo
    is our service. As in any business, when demand for our services drops,
    the business becomes unviable and fails. This is also true for the
    industry writ large: it will fail or become wholly dependent on
    government support.

        Port Infrastructure Development Program. In August 2025, MARAD
    withdrew six projects and terminated five projects within its Port
    Infrastructure Development Program (PIDP), resulting in a total
    retraction of $177 million and approximately $75 million in Federal
    funding, respectively.

        Question 1. Do you support the Port Infrastructure Development
    Program?
        Answer. If confirmed, I can commit to working with your office to
    continue to follow the law, as passed by Congress.

        Question 2. Regardless of your current familiarity with PIDP, will
    you commit to protecting the grants in this program from politicized
    termination?
        Answer. I am committed to ensuring that every dollar provided under
    the PIDP is awarded and administered based on merit, transparency, and
    statutory criteria. My focus will be on maintaining the program's
    integrity and ensuring that projects are selected and executed to
    deliver the maximum public benefit consistent with law and
    Administration priorities.

        Logging System. The United States lacks a modern cargo tracking
    system that could help the maritime industry address supply chain
    issues.

        Question 1. How could the United States implement a modern logging
    system for maritime cargo?
        Answer. I fully agree that developing a modern, integrated cargo
    visibility system is a critical national priority.
        At present, U.S. ports and supply chain nodes operate largely as
    islands of information, without a unified national operating picture of
    cargo movement. This severely limits our ability to anticipate and
    respond to disruptions, optimize logistics performance, and protect
    against data-driven vulnerabilities.
        This urgency is underscored by competitors like China. Its Logink
    system provides real-time access to global trade flow data and is
    utilized at ports they operate globally, giving them significant
    leverage in understanding--and potentially influencing--supply chain
    dynamics. The United States lacks a comparable system, and that gap
    poses both economic and security risks.
        The solution is not necessarily new data collection, but
    integration. We must create a secure, interoperable, and trusted data
    architecture that connects existing information from ports, carriers,
    terminals, and Federal systems.
        Such a framework would dramatically improve supply chain
    transparency, resilience, and cybersecurity while securely protecting
    proprietary and national security-sensitive data.
        MARAD can play a key convening and technical role in this effort.
    Its functions should include aligning standards, engaging stakeholders
    across the public and private sectors, and ensuring the resulting
    system supports both commercial competitiveness and national security
    objectives consistent with Administration priorities.

        Trade Agreements. International trade agreements offer an
    opportunity to negotiate and secure cargo on U.S. flag vessels, and
    consulting MARAD during this process would be advantageous for the U.S.
    maritime industry.

        Question 1. What do you think are the potential opportunities
    surrounding maritime cargo in international trade negotiations to
    support the U.S. maritime industry?
        Answer. I completely agree--the rebuilding of our maritime
    enterprise must be rooted in carrying the Nation's commerce. A strong
    U.S. Merchant Marine must once again be central to how America moves
    its goods, competes globally, and secures its supply chains.
        That commitment is essential to our economic strength and directly
    supports MARAD's mission. It is also the only viable path to developing
    the cargo base we need, at the scale required to accomplish the vision
    set forth by President Trump in his Restoring America's Maritime
    Dominance Executive Order.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Edward Markey to
                               Stephen M. Carmel
        Question 1. I authored the No Spills Act to strengthen the review
    process that the Maritime Administration uses to approve offshore
    fossil fuel terminals and increase penalties on corporations whose
    operations result in oil spills. Do you believe it is important to take
    public opinion into account when considering license applications for
    new offshore export terminals?

        A. Do you believe the maintenance of a healthy environment is in
    our national interest?
        Answer. Public input is an essential part of the review process for
    offshore terminal projects. The Maritime Administration's licensing
    process under the Deepwater Port Act is designed to be transparent and
    inclusive, ensuring that local communities, environmental stakeholders,
    and industry all have a voice. That public participation strengthens
    the legitimacy and quality of our decisions.
        As Administrator, my commitment would be to ensure that every
    application is reviewed rigorously, based on science, safety, and law--
    and that the process reflects both environmental responsibility and the
    national interest in a secure, efficient energy and trade system.

        Question 2. As a former tanker captain, you're well aware that fuel
    efficiency is a key to profitability. Do you support the Maritime
    Environmental and Technical Assistance program, which helps shipping
    companies cut fuel costs and compete in the global economy?

        A. Would you protect this program from funding cuts or
    politicization?
        Answer. As a former tanker captain and shipping executive, I know
    fuel efficiency is central to profitability and competitiveness. If
    confirmed, I commit to awarding and administering programs based on
    merit, transparency, and statutory criteria. My focus will be on
    maintaining the program's integrity and ensuring that projects are
    selected and executed to deliver the maximum public benefit consistent
    with law and Administration priorities.

        Question 3. Greener ships are the worldwide trend, and many nations
    are looking to adopt standards for ships they will allow to dock at
    their ports. As we look to expand the number of American-flagged ships
    carrying goods, do you agree that lower-emission ships will be a
    necessary part of that mission?
        Answer. MARAD's job is to enable our U.S. carriers through
    providing tools and technical support to stay competitive in global
    trade. If confirmed, I will work to that end.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tammy Baldwin to
                               Stephen M. Carmel
        Question 1. As Maritime Administrator, you would be charged with
    administering the Small Shipyard Grant Program, which provides crucial
    support for a key component of America's maritime industrial base.
    Small shipyards are often the lifeblood of coastal communities,
    supporting commercial fishing fleets, tugs and barges, ferries, dredges
    and government ships like Coast Guard cutters, firefighting and law
    enforcement boats. Will you commit to including adequate resources for
    the Small Shipyard Grant Program in your future budget requests?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will commit to award and administer
    programs under MARAD's purview based on merit, transparency, and
    statutory criteria.

        Question 2. In September 2023, the Department of Transportation
    published a waiver of Buy America requirements for de minimis costs and
    small grants. Despite the Department's waiver, will you commit to
    requiring all Small Shipyard Grant recipients, even those awarded less
    than $500,000 in Small Shipyard Grant funds, to comply with the
    domestic preference requirements for their projects?
        Answer. If confirmed, I look forward to working with your office on
    this issue and commit to furthering my understanding of this particular
    matter.

        Question 3. MARAD is tasked with fostering, promoting and
    developing the maritime industry of the United States to meet the
    Nation's economic and security needs. This includes efforts to support
    commercial shipbuilding in the United States, including through the
    Title XI Loan Guarantee Program, Small Shipyard Grant Program, and Port
    Infrastructure Development Program. In a time where it is increasingly
    obvious that the United States must strengthen our commercial
    shipbuilding industry, what will you do as Maritime Administrator to
    ensure our Nation can surge this capacity?
        Answer. I agree that strengthening our commercial shipbuilding
    industry is essential to both our economic and national security.
        The reality is this capability cannot be ``surged'' in a crisis.
    Shipbuilding capacity, workforce skills, and supplier networks must be
    built and sustained consistently over time. If we want that capability
    in an emergency, we must foster and develop it in peacetime.
        As Maritime Administrator, should I be given the honor of
    confirmation, my focus would be on creating the conditions for that
    long-term stability. I would use tools like a reimagined and
    strengthened Title XI Program--representing construction financing, not
    just loan guarantees--the Small Shipyard Grant Program, and the Port
    Infrastructure Development Program to rebuild capacity across the
    industrial base.
        That means helping U.S. yards move down the cost curve, invest in
    modern technology, and compete in international markets so that steady
    commercial work sustains them between defense cycles.
        Rebuilding this capacity isn't just about production; it's about
    restoring a maritime ecosystem: shipyards, suppliers, mariners, and
    carriers all working together. That is how we will ensure the United
    States can respond when needed--not by surging from a cold start, but
    by maintaining a living, capable industry every day.

        Question 4. In the 2023 Port Infrastructure Development Program
    (PIDP) award cycle, DOT announced $653 million to 41 ports, of which
    only two Great Lakes ports received grants. Ports in the Great Lakes
    region only received two percent of the distributed funds. I am
    concerned that applicants from the Great Lakes are not being fairly
    considered for PIDP awards, despite the critical need for investment.
    Do you commit to considering regional distribution of PIDP funds when
    awarding grants?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will commit to award and administer
    programs under MARADs purview based on merit, transparency, and
    statutory criteria.
                                     ______

      Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tammy Duckworth to
                               Stephen M. Carmel
    Auxiliary Shipbuilding
        TRANSCOM's number one unfunded priority for Fiscal Year 2026 was
    sealift capacity, both into a theater as well as within a theater, and
    the Maritime Administration (MARAD) has a huge role to play in enabling
    the military in a wartime scenario.

        Question 1. Please provide your assessment of the current capacity
    of the United States Government to enable commercial or military
    shipyards in the United States to surge production of lift/auxiliary
    vessels in a wartime scenario to maintain fleet capacity necessary to
    support the military's needs?
        Answer. My assessment is straightforward: the United States today
    does not have the near-term ability to ``surge'' large-scale commercial
    or military shipbuilding and repair from a cold start to meet wartime
    lift/auxiliary needs. True surge capacity must be resident in the force
    in peacetime--yards, suppliers, skilled crews, material pipelines, and
    contract mechanisms--and much of that ecosystem is currently thin or in
    need of rebuilding. You cannot surge what you have not sustained. There
    are many reasons for this conclusion, but key reasons are:

       Industrial base shrinkage--there are relatively few U.S.
            shipyards with the scale, military-spec experience, and modern
            production facilities needed for rapid, high-volume output of
            lift/auxiliary vessels.

       Workforce shortfalls--skilled shipbuilders, naval
            architects, welders, and supervisors are limited; training and
            apprenticeship pipelines are inadequate for a fast expansion.

       Fragile supplier chain--many critical components (engines,
            generators, specialist steel, reduction gears, certain
            electronics) have long lead times and limited domestic
            producers.

       Production rhythm--shipbuilding depends on steady workloads;
            yards cut costs and maintain capacity by doing continuous
            commercial and defense work, not by waiting for crises.

        Question 2. Many of the United States' partners have strong
    domestic industries dedicated to commercial shipbuilding and building
    of specialized auxiliary vessels, such as cable-laying or cable-repair
    ships or landing craft utility vessels.
        If confirmed to be MARAD Administrator, would you support greater
    co-production and co-sustainment of auxiliaries with allies and
    partners to expand capacity and reduce risk--and what barriers exist to
    achieving this goal?
        Answer. If confirmed, I would support actively working through
    these barriers--aligning standards, identifying pilot opportunities,
    and ensuring that cooperation with allies complements our national
    industrial goals. The objective is not to replace U.S. capability, but
    to expand and reinforce it through trusted partnerships.
        I strongly support the idea of greater co-production and co-
    sustainment of auxiliary vessels with our allies and partners. This is
    a strategic way to expand capacity, reduce risk, and strengthen the
    resilience of our collective maritime industrial base.

        Question 3. If confirmed to be MARAD Administrator, what is your
    plan to address the aging fleet and address significant maintenance
    issues plaguing the fleet?
        Answer. I plan to attract private capital and gradually reduce the
    need for government involvement with the ultimate objective of
    reestablishing shipbuilding as a self-sustaining, commercially
    competitive industry. By restoring competitiveness and scale in the
    private sector, we can both strengthen our industrial base and ensure
    that the maritime and logistics sectors contribute fully to U.S.
    economic and national security objectives.

        Question 4. What is your assessment of the Vessel Construction
    Manager program, and if confirmed to be MARAD Administrator, will you
    expand this program?
        Answer. My assessment is that the Vessel Construction Manager (VCM)
    program has been a clear success. It has improved cost control,
    schedule discipline, and technical oversight in complex shipbuilding
    projects. Its strong reputation has led other agencies, including the
    Army and NAVSEA, to explore similar models.
        Expanding the VCM, however, is not something MARAD can do
    unilaterally, since most applicable ship construction programs
    originate outside of our agency. That said, we can absolutely play a
    key assistance role: sharing best practices, supporting other agencies
    that want to adopt the model, and using the VCM ourselves whenever it
    is appropriate and within our authority.
    Grants
        The Port Infrastructure Grant Program is crucial to keeping the
    important flow of commerce moving smoothly through the maritime
    environment.
        In 2024, Illinois received $82M in much needed funding to address
    infrastructure projects. However, in prior years, the Great Lakes
    community received a disproportionality small share of Port
    Infrastructure Grant Program funds that amounted to less than 3 percent
    of the total funding amount.

        Question 1. If confirmed to be Administrator, will you commit to
    building on this progress to make sure Port Infrastructure Grant
    Program funds are effectively distributed to Illinois projects and
    other non-coastal communities?
        Answer. I agree that ports in Illinois and across the Great Lakes
    are essential to our national economy. They move the raw materials and
    finished goods that keep American industry running, so continued
    investment there is critical. If confirmed, I look forward to working
    with your office on this issue and commit to furthering my
    understanding of this particular matter.

        Question 2. If confirmed, will you commit to disbursing all grant
    funding that has been awarded to Illinois in full and without undue
    delay, while opposing any efforts by the Office of Management and
    Budget or other entities to improperly abuse grant program disbursement
    to reward or punish perceived political allies or enemies?
        Answer. If confirmed, I commit to awarding and administering
    programs based on merit, transparency, and statutory criteria. My focus
    will be on maintaining the program's integrity and ensuring that
    projects are selected and executed to deliver the maximum public
    benefit consistent with law and Administration priorities.
    Federal Elections
        Question 1. Setting aside the Congressional count and
    certification, do you believe President Donald Trump received more
    votes than Vice President Kamala Harris in the 2024 U.S. presidential
    election?
        Answer. Senator, with great respect, I do not believe it would be
    appropriate for me to offer any personal views or opinions on electoral
    matters.
        My responsibility as Maritime Administrator, if confirmed, would be
    to carry out the duties of the office with integrity, impartiality, and
    full respect for the law and for all those elected to serve.
        Personal political opinions have no bearing on that responsibility.
    I will ensure, for my part, that I conduct myself in a way that
    reflects the nonpartisan trust placed in this position at all times.

        Question 2. Setting aside the official Congressional count and
    certification, do you believe President Joe Biden received more votes
    than President Donald Trump in the 2020 U.S. presidential election?
        Answer. Senator, with great respect, I do not believe it would be
    appropriate for me to offer any personal views or opinions on electoral
    matters.
        My responsibility as Maritime Administrator, if confirmed, would be
    to carry out the duties of the office with integrity, impartiality, and
    full respect for the law and for all those elected to serve.
        Personal political opinions have no bearing on that responsibility.
    I will ensure, for my part, that I conduct myself in a way that
    reflects the nonpartisan trust placed in this position at all times.
                                     ______

        Response to Written Question Submitted by Hon. Dan Sullivan to
                                 Laura DiBella
    Federal Maritime Commission Investigation Into Transit Constraints at
            International Maritime Chokepoints
        Background: On March 14th of this year, The U.S. Federal Maritime
    Commission (FMC) noticed an investigation into global maritime
    chokepoints, including Russia's Northern Sea Route (NSR), reflecting
    its growing significance in international shipping.
        As Arctic sea ice diminishes, the NSR offers a shorter and more
    fuel-efficient route between Europe and Asia, presenting potential
    commercial and strategic opportunities for U.S. maritime interests. The
    opening of the NSR has generated governance disputes. Russia asserts
    control over the route and imposes fees on transiting vessels, while
    other nations advocate for freedom of navigation and international
    access.
        The NSR's strategic importance is underscored by increased Russian
    and Chinese military activities, including joint Arctic patrols,
    construction of new bases, and expansion of icebreaker fleets. These
    developments reflect the route's relevance to nuclear deterrence,
    missile defense, and broader Arctic security. The FMC's investigation,
    which also examines chokepoints such as the Suez and Panama Canals,
    highlighting heightened U.S. interest in Arctic maritime policy and
    security.
        FMC oversight and policy decisions regarding the NSR will have
    implications for Alaska's ports, Arctic shipping supply chains, and
    national defense readiness. Understanding the commercial, legal, and
    strategic dynamics of the NSR is essential to ensure that U.S. maritime
    infrastructure and Arctic operations are both competitive and secure,
    while maintaining compliance with international maritime law.

        Question 1. (Focused on Arctic Access): Given the growing
    accessibility of Arctic waters, how would you, as an FMC Commissioner,
    ensure that U.S. maritime policy protects Alaska's ports and Arctic
    supply chains--while balancing international navigation rights,
    national security interests, and the commercial opportunities presented
    by new Arctic shipping routes?
        Answer. If I am confirmed as an FMC Commissioner, I will ensure a
    competitive and reliable international ocean transportation system that
    supports the U.S. economy, protects Alaskan interests, and aligns with
    broader national security and international policy objectives. Ways in
    which I would go about this would involve leveraging the FMC's economic
    regulatory authority, closely monitoring shipping rates, surcharges,
    and service contracts for vessels using Arctic routes to and from U.S.
    ports, particularly those in Alaska. This will ensure that U.S.
    shippers are not subject to unjust and unreasonable charges or unfair
    practices as commercial activity increases. As a member of the U.S.
    Committee on the Marine Transportation System (CMTS), I would advocate
    for the robust development of a detailed maritime transportation and
    infrastructure strategy for the U.S. Arctic that includes adequate port
    facilities in Alaska to ensure that Alaska's ports remain competitive
    amidst the growing needs of the shippers in the Arctic waters. I would
    collaborate with and support our Federal partners that have a primary
    national security role like the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), U.S. Maritime
    Administration (MARAD), and U.S. Department of War as America's
    economic security is a key part of national security. I would also
    coordinate with agencies like the USCG, NOAA, and the Department of
    Homeland Security (DHS) to support their efforts in charting unmapped
    waters, developing port access routes, and ensuring safe navigation. I
    would ensure that any FMC initiatives are developed in consultation
    with state, regional, and tribal representatives, as well as the
    National Shipper Advisory Committee (NSAC), to ensure local
    communities' needs and concerns are considered in the development of
    new shipping routes and port operations. I would ensure all FMC actions
    are consistent with U.S. foreign policy and international law,
    including the principle of freedom of navigation and the ``Arctic
    exception'' under UNCLOS Article 234, which grants coastal states
    authority to enforce pollution control laws in ice-covered areas. I
    would use the FMC's authority to conduct investigations into transit
    constraints at international maritime chokepoints, including potential
    Arctic routes, to gather data on shipping conditions and inform policy
    decisions. And finally, I would promote transparency in the industry by
    ensuring all tariffs and charges related to new Arctic routes are
    publicly available and clear, allowing the market to function
    efficiently and fairly.

        Question 2. (Competition and Sovereignty in the Arctic): As Arctic
    shipping lanes, particularly the Northern Sea Route, become more
    active, how would you help safeguard U.S. competitiveness--especially
    for Alaska's strategic ports--in the face of foreign control,
    navigation fees, and evolving international claims, while ensuring
    alignment with international maritime law and national security
    priorities?
        Answer. If I am confirmed as an FMC Commissioner, I would safeguard
    U.S. competitiveness in the Arctic with a multi-faceted approach that
    would combine diplomatic and persistent military presence, along with
    robust, dual-use infrastructure development and investment (to include
    icebreaker fleet expansion), regulatory measures, international
    cooperation, and strategic messaging to ensure the U.S. and Alaska
    remain competitive and secure in the evolving Arctic landscape.
    Asserting international law principles through operational presence,
    enhanced military presence, and strengthening partnerships with allies
    and local communities will address foreign control, i.e., Russia's
    attempts to control the Northern Sea Route (NSR), navigation fees, and
    evolving international claims while aligning with maritime law and
    national security priorities. And incentivizing routes that align with
    U.S. priorities will improve the safety and efficiency of U.S.
    shipping, reducing reliance on foreign-controlled passages.

        Question 3. (Supply Chain and National Security): Alaska's ports
    are critical to the state's economy and serve as key national defense
    assets. How would you work with Federal partners, including the Coast
    Guard and Department of Defense, to ensure Alaska's maritime supply
    chains remain resilient and secure as Arctic maritime traffic
    increases?
        Answer. If I am confirmed as an FMC Commissioner, I would
    collaborate with and support our Federal partners that have a primary
    national security role like the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), U.S. Maritime
    Administration (MARAD), and U.S Department of War as America's economic
    security is a key part of national security. I would also coordinate
    with agencies like the USCG, NOAA, and the Department of Homeland
    Security (DHS) to support their efforts in charting unmapped waters,
    developing port access routes, and ensuring safe navigation. As
    previously mentioned, I will ensure a competitive and reliable
    international ocean transportation system that supports the U.S.
    economy, protects Alaskan interests, and aligns with broader national
    security and international policy objectives. Ways in which I would go
    about this would involve leveraging the FMC's economic regulatory
    authority, closely monitoring shipping rates, surcharges, and service
    contracts for vessels using Arctic routes to and from U.S. ports,
    particularly those in Alaska. This will ensure that U.S. shippers are
    not subject to unjust and unreasonable charges or unfair practices as
    commercial activity increases. As a member of the U.S. Committee on the
    Marine Transportation System (CMTS), I would advocate for the robust
    development of a detailed maritime transportation and infrastructure
    strategy for the U.S. Arctic that includes adequate port facilities in
    Alaska to ensure that Alaska's ports remain competitive amidst the
    growing needs of the shippers in the Arctic waters. I would ensure that
    any FMC initiatives are developed in consultation with state, regional,
    and tribal representatives, as well as the National Shipper Advisory
    Committee (NSAC), to ensure local communities' needs and concerns are
    considered in the development of new shipping routes and port
    operations. I would ensure all FMC actions are consistent with U.S.
    foreign policy and international law, including the principle of
    freedom of navigation and the ``Arctic exception'' under UNCLOS Article
    234, which grants coastal states authority to enforce pollution control
    laws in ice-covered areas. I would use the FMC's authority to conduct
    investigations into transit constraints at international maritime
    chokepoints, including potential Arctic routes, to gather data on
    shipping conditions and inform policy decisions. And finally, I would
    promote transparency in the industry by ensuring all tariffs and
    charges related to new Arctic routes are publicly available and clear,
    allowing the market to function efficiently and fairly.
                                     ______

      Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Marsha Blackburn to
                                 Laura DiBella
        Question 1. As an FMC Commissioner, can you commit to implementing
    the FMC's authorities as written by Congress and holding true to the
    Commission's foundational principles, which focus on being a
    nondiscriminatory regulator for the common carriage of goods in the
    foreign commerce of the United States?
        Answer. Yes, I can.

        Question 2. Freight forwarders and other Ocean Transport
    Intermediaries fill a crucial role in the American supply chain by
    helping American small, medium and large businesses efficiently move
    cargo via ocean. How do you view the FMC's role in empowering these
    Ocean Transport intermediaries to help American small and medium
    business compete?
        Answer. The FMC's role is to foster a fair, competitive, and
    transparent marketplace, providing oversight and consumer protection,
    and offering dispute resolution services. This helps build trust and
    integrity in the U.S. supply chain by creating a more level playing
    field for large and small shippers alike giving them better access to
    services at competitive rates. The FMC helps ensure that businesses of
    all sizes, through their freight forwarders and Ocean Transport
    Intermediaries, can navigate the complexities of international ocean
    shipping with greater confidence and fewer barriers, allowing them to
    compete more effectively in the global marketplace.

        Question 3. There are many parties in ocean transportation that are
    essential to a well-run national economy. Shippers, Consignees, Freight
    forwarders/OTIs, and the carriers themselves as well as custom-house
    brokers. If your nomination proceeds, would you support outreach to and
    listening to feedback from the industry to enhance compliance with
    existing regulations and to improve the competitiveness of American
    small and medium businesses?
        Answer. Yes, industry feedback and participation are critical to
    improving the competitiveness of American small and medium sized
    businesses.
                                     ______

          Response to Written Question Submitted by Hon. Ted Budd to
                                 Laura DiBella
        Question 1. The FMC currently has a case before it involving
    intermodal chassis that has been going on for over five years. The
    Commission's ALJ dismissed the remaining issues in the case nearly a
    year ago. Once confirmed, will you commit to promptly looking into this
    case and ending the prolonged uncertainty its reaming open has caused?
        Answer. Yes, I will.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Maria Cantwell to
                                 Laura DiBella
        Jones Act. A long-standing tool to protect the U.S. maritime
    industry is the Jones Act, which requires that water-borne cargo
    carried between domestic ports must be on U.S. flag, U.S. built, and
    U.S. crewed ships. The Jones Act fleet consists of approximately 40,000
    vessels, supports 650,000 American family wage jobs, and contributes
    more than $150 billion to the national economy annually.

        Question 1. Do you support the Jones Act?
        Answer. Yes, I do.

        Lower Costs for Consumers. In 2022, Congress's Ocean Shipping
    Reform Act gave the Commission a shot in the arm providing additional
    authorities to go after bad actors, self-initiate investigations, boost
    enforcement, and lower costs for American consumers. Since OSRA was
    signed into law, we have yet to see the Commission use this power to
    increase investigations into bad actors.

        Question 1. As a Commissioner, what will you do to drive down costs
    for consumers?
        Answer. As a Commissioner, I will get to the heart of every matter
    that keeps costs high in terms of shipping, seeing through to swift
    completion several efforts that are currently under investigation, for
    example:

            Chokepoint interference keeps shipping costs high because
            disruptions to these narrow waterways lead to significant
            delays, mandatory rerouting, and increased operational expenses
            like fuel and insurance which are ultimately passed down to the
            consumer.

            Flags of Convenience, although in principle are designed to
            keep costs low, have the potential to result in higher overall
            risks to the supply chain due to lax oversight, potentially
            leading to safety and reliability issues. Reduced oversight
            could lead to catastrophic incidents that could compromise the
            supply chain and have a disastrous effect on the U.S.
            consumer's bottom line.

            Stymying the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) Net
            Zero vote that was recently delayed until 2026 is critical to
            driving down costs as the implementation of the Net Zero
            Framework will not only increase costs across the board due to
            the need to retrofit and accommodate new fuel types on vessels,
            it also greatly benefits China's shipbuilding capacity as they
            dominate the market. It is a win-win for them and lose-lose for
            basically everyone else.

        Question 2. Will you support efforts to increase investigations by
    the Commission?
        Answer. Yes, I will.

        Question 3. How will you address cargo diversion to ensure that
    American ports will continue to be a preferred customer?
        Answer. Addressing the Harbor Maintenance Tax loophole along with
    cargo preference laws (i.e., Jones Act, American Cargo for American
    Ships Act) would combat this immediately. In tandem with this, a
    combination of robust infrastructure investment and enhancements
    throughout the system (which is how we need to view this) would ensure
    supply chain visibility and better collaboration with all involved to
    help develop contingency plans in the face of disruptions.

        Independent Agencies. President Trump has illegally fired over 25
    Members from independent Boards and Commissions this year, including at
    the FTC, NTSB, CPSC, and STB. Like those agencies, Congress created the
    FMC to be independent, and we should all expect its Commissioners to
    maintain their independence.

        Question 1. Do you believe in the importance of bipartisanship on
    independent boards and commissions like the FMC?
        Answer. Yes, I do.

        Question 2. Yes or No: Will you commit to maintaining the
    independence of the FMC as Congress intended, if confirmed?
        Answer. Yes, I will.

        Question 3. Yes or No: If the President or anyone else in this
    Administration threatened to fire you unless you took an action you
    disagreed with, would you refuse?
        Answer. I do not believe the President would ask me to do so; if
    confirmed, I pledge to uphold the law.

        Rail Merger/Connections to Ports. Awareness of the broader freight
    transportation market is important to performing the role of an FMC
    Commissioner.

        Question 1. Are you concerned about the effects of consolidation in
    the U.S. domestic rail market as it relates to the competitiveness of
    our ports and lowering costs of maritime shipping?
        Answer. Consolidation of any kind will have impacts, potentially
    both good and bad, and, if I am confirmed, I would appreciate hearing
    more about the impacts from the industry to ensure that competition
    remains high among our ports, along with costs remaining low in
    maritime shipping.

        Question 2. What information do you think would be helpful to the
    Federal Maritime Commission and the Surface Transportation Board to
    have from the railroads to better understand the impact of the proposed
    merger on our ports and American businesses exporting goods abroad?
        Answer. Understanding the type of cargo and ultimate destination of
    the cargo is where the conversation must begin as that will outline the
    current system in place and then help ascertain how the merger could
    rearrange the current supply chain and thus, its impacts on ports and
    American exporters.
                                     ______

      Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tammy Duckworth to
                                 Laura DiBella
    Federal Elections
        Question 1. Setting aside the Congressional count and
    certification, do you believe President Donald Trump received more
    votes than Vice President Kamala Harris in the 2024 U.S. presidential
    election?
        Answer. Congress certified that Donald Trump won the 2024 election
    on January 6, 2025.

        Question 2. Setting aside the official Congressional count and
    certification, do you believe President Joe Biden received more votes
    than President Donald Trump in the 2020 U.S. presidential election?
        Answer. Congress certified that Joe Biden won the 2020 presidential
    election on January 7, 2021.
                                     ______

      Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Marsha Blackburn to
                                 Robert Harvey
        Question 1. As an FMC Commissioner, can you commit to implementing
    the FMC's authorities as written by Congress and holding true to the
    Commission's foundational principles, which focus on being a
    nondiscriminatory regulator for the common carriage of goods in the
    foreign commerce of the United States?
        Answer. Yes.

        Question 2. Freight forwarders and other Ocean Transport
    Intermediaries fill a crucial role in the American supply chain by
    helping American small, medium and large businesses efficiently move
    cargo via ocean. How do you view the FMC's role in empowering these
    Ocean Transport intermediaries to help American small and medium
    business compete?
        Answer. To be mindful of the regulatory burdens and cost of
    compliance on American small, medium, and large businesses who
    efficiently move cargo via ocean, when exercising FMC's regulatory
    responsibilities.

        Question 3. There are many parties in ocean transportation that are
    essential to a well-run national economy. Shippers, Consignees, Freight
    forwarders/OTIs, and the carriers themselves as well as custom-house
    brokers. If your nomination proceeds, would you support outreach to and
    listening to feedback from the industry to enhance compliance with
    existing regulations and to improve the competitiveness of American
    small and medium businesses?
        Answer. Yes.
                                     ______

          Response to Written Question Submitted by Hon. Ted Budd to
                                 Robert Harvey
        Question 1. The FMC currently has a case before it involving
    intermodal chassis that has been going on for over five years. The
    Commission's ALJ dismissed the remaining issues in the case nearly a
    year ago. Once confirmed, will you commit to promptly looking into this
    case and ending the prolonged uncertainty its reaming open has caused?
        Answer. Yes.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Maria Cantwell to
                                 Robert Harvey
    Jones Act
        A long-standing tool to protect the U.S. maritime industry is the
    Jones Act, which requires that water-borne cargo carried between
    domestic ports must be on U.S. flag, U.S. built, and U.S. crewed ships.
    The Jones Act fleet consists of approximately 40,000 vessels, supports
    650,000 American family wage jobs, and contributes more than $150
    billion to the national economy annually.

        Question 1. Do you support the Jones Act?
        Answer. Yes.
    Lower Costs for Consumers
        In 2022, Congress's Ocean Shipping Reform Act gave the Commission a
    shot in the arm providing additional authorities to go after bad
    actors, self-initiate investigations, boost enforcement, and lower
    costs for American consumers. Since OSRA was signed into law, we have
    yet to see the Commission use this power to increase investigations
    into bad actors.

        Question 1. As a Commissioner, what will you do to drive down costs
    for consumers?
        Answer. As stated in my hearing testimony, I support robust
    enforcement by the FMC to go after bad actors, self-initiate
    investigations, boost enforcement, and lower costs for American
    consumers.

        Question 2. Will you support efforts to increase investigations by
    the Commission?
        Answer. Yes.

        Question 3. How will you address cargo diversion to ensure that
    American ports will continue to be a preferred customer?
        Answer. Use FMC's investigation and enforcement authority to reduce
    cargo diversion to ensure that American ports will continue to be a
    preferred customer.
    Independent Agencies
        President Trump has illegally fired over 25 Members from
    independent Boards and Commissions this year, including at the FTC,
    NTSB, CPSC, and STB. Like those agencies, Congress created the FMC to
    be independent. And we should all expect its Commissioners to maintain
    their independence.

        Question 1. Do you believe in the importance of bipartisanship on
    independent boards and commissions like the FMC?
        Answer. Yes.

        Question 2. Yes or No: Will you commit to maintaining the
    independence of the FMC as Congress intended, if confirmed?
        Answer. Yes.

        Question 3. Yes or No: If the President or anyone else in this
    Administration threatened to fire you unless you took an action you
    disagreed with, would you refuse?
        Answer. Yes.
    Relevant Experience
        Your prior experience as a securities attorney and in business
    development does not appear to reflect the background that prior FMC
    Commissioner nominees possessed.

        Question 1. Do you have any prior maritime experience specifically?
        Answer. In terms of prior maritime experience, I state as follows:

        First, I served with the United States Navy on active duty and at
    Naval Station Great Lakes, Illinois. After active duty, I served as a
    reservist with Amphibious Group 2, Little Creek, Virginia and U.S.
    Naval Forces Europe, London, United Kingdom.
        The lesson learned from my time in the Navy is that economic
    security and national security are inseparable. U.S. national security
    protects our economic assets, including critical infrastructure, supply
    chains, port access, and international trade routes, from both
    traditional and emerging threats.
        Second, as President and Executive Director of the Florida
    Opportunity Fund (FOF), I have become familiar with emerging
    technologies in the maritime sector. For example, FOF has invested in:
    (1) cybersecurity/information technology companies that protect
    critical infrastructure; including vessels, ports and marine
    infrastructure; (2) companies that fuse real-time data with artificial
    intelligence to monitor maritime emissions and improve operational
    efficiency, at sea and ashore, and; (3) logistics companies providing
    multimodal last-mile delivery solutions, which improve visibility and
    reduce shipping time and cost.
        Additionally, FOF has begun to review investments in quantum
    solutions for the marine industry, enabling potential breakthroughs in
    route and fleet optimization, quantum sensing and navigation, secure
    quantum communication, and predictive maintenance and environmental
    modeling.
        Third, my economic development activities have been in a state with
    1300 miles of coastline, sixteen public seaports, and seven cruise
    ports. That experience has given me an even greater appreciation for
    the maritime industry, supply chains, and port access, not only for
    Florida but the entire country. Furthermore, in my role as Executive
    Director of Florida Development Finance Corporation, I understand the
    costs of port modernization for infrastructure projects like ports,
    docks, wharves, and related facilities.

        Question 2. Detail why the U.S. Senate should be confident you are
    prepared for this role.
        Answer. I believe my over 35 years of diverse experience in the
    military, legal and regulatory affairs, business, investment and
    finance, technology, and economic development will allow me to
    positively contribute to FMC's vital mission.
    Legal Advocacy
        As a practicing attorney, you joined two Amici Curiae briefs in the
    case of U.S. v. Michael T. Flynn--the first on May 28, 2020, in the DC
    District Court, and the second on June 2, 2020, in the DC Circuit Court
    of Appeals. The briefs both supported dismissing the Federal case
    against Michael T. Flynn, a former Trump National Security Advisor who
    had pleaded guilty to making false statements to the FBI related to his
    contacts with Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak.

        Question 1. What were the circumstances that led to your
    involvement with these briefs, including but not limited to when you
    first became aware of the first Amici Curiae brief, how you became
    aware, and who contacted you about it.
        Answer. As I recall, the initial outreach was made to members of
    the Republican National Lawyers Association.

        Question 2. Which individual(s) or organization(s) led or
    coordinated the Amici Curiae?
        Answer. Leslie McAdoo Gordon, McAdoo Gordon & Associates, P.C.,
    authored both briefs and the coordination was led by the Republican
    National Lawyers Association.

        Question 3. Why did you decide to join these two Amici Curiae
    briefs?
        Answer. The amici curiae were a bipartisan group of attorneys with
    extensive experience in the Federal court system, including many who
    practice criminal law in the relevant courts, and other Federal courts.
    Some were prosecutors, government attorneys, or judges.
        All had an interest in the proper application of Fed.R.Crim.P 48 in
    light of Separation of Powers principles.

        Question 4. Did you receive any compensation in connection with
    either of these Amici Curiae briefs? If so, please detail the source
    and amount of compensation.
        Answer. No.
                                     ______

      Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tammy Duckworth to
                                 Robert Harvey
    Federal Elections
        Question 1. Setting aside the Congressional count and
    certification, do you believe President Donald Trump received more
    votes than Vice President Kamala Harris in the 2024 U.S. presidential
    election?
        Answer. Congress certified that Donald Trump won the 2024
    presidential election on January 6, 2025.

        Question 2. Setting aside the official Congressional count and
    certification, do you believe President Joe Biden received more votes
    than President Donald Trump in the 2020 U.S. presidential election?
        Answer. Congress certified that Joe Biden won the 2020 presidential
    election on January 7, 2021.
                                     ______

        Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Roger Wicker to
                                 Timothy Petty
    Aquaculture
        Background: Seafood production is a cornerstone of Mississippi's
    coastal economy--supporting thousands of jobs and contributing hundreds
    of millions of dollars each year through our commercial fisheries,
    processors, and seafood markets. Yet nationwide, the United States
    continues to import roughly 80 percent of the seafood we consume,
    resulting in a seafood trade deficit that now exceeds $20 billion
    annually. I see that as a missed opportunity for American workers and
    coastal communities. NOAA must play a central role in closing that gap.
        Expanding marine aquaculture will help ensure that more of the
    seafood on American plates is produced by American hands.

        Question 1. If confirmed, will you commit to prioritizing the
    growth of U.S. marine aquaculture as part of NOAA's broader strategy to
    reduce our seafood trade deficit and support coastal economies like
    those in Mississippi?
        Answer. A central tenet of the Administration's agenda is the
    advancement of American marine aquaculture. The President's Executive
    Order, ``Restoring America's Seafood Competitiveness,'' included
    provisions for streamlining aquaculture permitting, a commitment NOAA
    is actively pursuing. NOAA intends to continue working with the various
    regulatory agencies to streamline permitting for greater efficiency and
    predictability, while continuing to advance aquaculture research and
    promote sustainable practices.
    Ocean Observations and Technology
        Background: The Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is the
    Nation's leading resource for community-driven coastal, ocean, and
    Great Lakes sensor information. This vital program supports a vast
    network of buoys, gliders, high frequency radars, and other sensors
    that monitor U.S. waters. IOOS deploys, operates, and maintains more
    than 300 observing assets at 11 Regional Associations. Mississippi's
    Gulf Coast is home to national leaders in ocean observing and research,
    including the University of Southern Mississippi, the Stennis Space
    Center, and the Gulf Coastal Ocean Observing System.

        Question 1. As NOAA's Deputy Administrator, how would you ensure
    IOOS data and research are fully applied to improve coastal management,
    strengthen forecasting, and support local industries across the Gulf
    region?
        Answer. I support NOAA's efforts to keep regional ocean observing
    data publicly accessible. I will champion the integration of ocean data
    from diverse sources--including Federal agencies, universities,
    industry, and non-profits--to strengthen our collective understanding.
    Continued access to this data is vital for supporting defense
    operations, safe maritime navigation, economic activity, public health,
    weather prediction, fisheries, conservation, and the responsible
    management of ocean and Great Lakes ecosystems.

        Question 2. The Gulf Coast is also expanding as a center for marine
    technology and innovation, from autonomous systems and advanced sensors
    to new data tools that support weather and ocean forecasting. Do you
    agree that NOAA should continue to partner with universities, small
    businesses, and private industry to expand economic opportunities and
    strengthen America's leadership in ocean technology?
        Answer. Yes, I support NOAA's continued engagement with
    universities, small businesses, and the private sector to expand
    economic opportunities and technological leadership. Strategic
    partnerships are key to advancing NOAA's mission while also supporting
    regional economies, especially along the Gulf Coast. By leveraging
    external expertise and innovation, NOAA can enhance its science-based
    modeling, forecasting capabilities, improve fishery monitoring, and
    support a thriving blue economy.
    NOAA Cooperative Institutes
        Background: The Ocean Exploration Cooperative Institute has
    supported and continues to support the Trump administration's
    priorities through U.S. leadership in ocean exploration and technology
    development. It is the go-to for critical minerals discovery in the
    ocean due its expertise with long-endurance autonomous surface and
    subsurface vehicles. This work is accelerated through public-private
    partnerships with industry.

        Question 1. What are your priorities for further implementation of
    public-private partnerships with NOAA Cooperative Institutes? How do
    you plan to utilize your authorities to incentivize innovative ocean
    research and training in the United States?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will focus on strengthening NOAA's
    partnerships with universities, Tribal nations, states, private sector
    and industry to ensure that ocean research and workforce development
    reflects the regional and local communities. I will work to broaden
    access to NOAA's scientific resources, support collaborative projects
    in emerging marine and fishery technologies, and champion training
    pathways that prepare the next generation of ocean leaders.
                                     ______

        Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Dan Sullivan to
                                 Timothy Petty
    Restoring American Seafood Competitiveness
       Alaska alone supplies more than half of the seafood produced
            in the entire United States, and it is integral to our way of
            life.

       Over the last several years, the U.S. seafood industry has
            experienced significant economic hardship and drastic declines,
            primarily due to unfair and predatory practices from Russia and
            China.

       In April, President Trump gave fishermen a shot in the arm
            with his Executive order for Restoring American Seafood
            Competitiveness. We are so thankful to the President for
            putting forward such a meaningful EO to help our fishermen.

       This EO provides a roadmap to restore the U.S. domestic
            fishing industry to greatness.

       This EO provides several direct pathways to further support
            our Alaska fishermen and our communities, including strategies
            to promote marketing, sale, and export of U.S. seafood
            products.

         I look forward to working with you, NOAA Administrator
                Neil Jacobs, Secretary Lutnick, and all of the other agency
                heads tasked with ushering in a new Era of Seafood Policy
                under this Executive Order. I ask that you use me and my
                office as a resource as we move forward on these efforts.

       Alaska is the superpower of seafood, supporting 1.6 million
            jobs nationwide and providing 10 billion meals each year.

       More than $1.7 billion in Alaska seafood products are
            exported annually, contributing $15.8 billion to the U.S.
            economy.

       But, to accomplish all of this, U.S. fishermen need a few
            basic things from the Federal government:

         Robust and timely fish surveys to inform accurate
                science-based stock assessments; and

         Timely promulgation of regulations to manage--and
                open--the fisheries.

       Unfortunately, NOAA's fisheries surveys and stock
            assessments are increasingly challenged by aging survey
            vessels, data gaps, and delayed reporting, which can lead to
            managers being overly cautious and reduce the amount of fish
            that can be caught.

       This means less money in our American fishermen's pockets
            and fewer opportunities for our people to have prime wild-
            caught fish--this is real economic harm for Alaska's and
            America's fishing communities.

       We are the gold standard for sustainable management.

       However, if we want to stay competitive and close the
            seafood trade gap while keeping

         fisheries the most sustainable in the world, NOAA has
                to modernize its science, its surveys, and its technology.

       That means better data collection, faster processing, and
            tools that can give fishermen and managers real-time insights.

       A strong NOAA and National Marine Fisheries Service--along
            with a dedicated, professional workforce--is also critical to
            generating this economic activity and furthering the goals of
            the President's EO.

       There is a reason these surveys must take place, and we need
            to make sure that NOAA's fisheries science centers conduct this
            work not just this year, but in future years.

        Question 1. Dr. Petty, will you commit to prioritizing the
    modernization of NOAA's fisheries science, including improved survey
    capacity, data collection, and technology upgrades, so that Alaska's
    fishermen and coastal communities can continue to rely on the best
    science in the world to sustain their livelihoods and our Nation's
    seafood supply?
        Answer. Yes.

        Question 2. Dr. Petty, I mentioned the EO on Restoring American
    Seafood Competitiveness, and how it includes seafood marketing, yet
    NOAA has zeroed out the Saltonstall-Kennedy grant program in FY25 and
    have not yet allocated money for FY26. Can you commit to ensuring there
    is funding for the Saltonstall-Kennedy FY26 grant program?
        Answer. If confirmed, I commit to keeping you informed regarding
    the implementation of the President's Executive Order on Restoring
    American Seafood Competitiveness. I also look forward to staying in
    touch as the Administration develops the FY2027 President's Budget
    request to Congress.
    IUU Fishing
       Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated or ``IUU'' fishing
            poses a significant threat to global marine ecosystems,
            economies, and food security. It's estimated that IUU fishing
            accounts for up to 20 percent of the global catch, which
            translates to global losses between $10 billion and $50 billion
            annually.

       IUU fishing is generally not an issue in the United States;
            our fisheries are the most sustainable in the world. But
            sustainably-sourced, legally-caught, high-quality seafood can't
            compete with illegally sourced seafood that that is being
            plundered from our oceans.

       We cannot have IUU fishing continue to threaten the
            livelihoods of U.S. fishermen, undermine fair competition, and
            deplete global fish stocks. Despite existing enforcement
            mechanisms, illegal operators continue to exploit loopholes and
            evade oversight, often engaging in forced labor and
            environmentally destructive practices.

       Because of these threats to U.S. industry, I introduced the
            Fighting Foreign Illegal Seafood Harvest (FISH) Act, which
            combats IUU fishing globally. The FISH Act is a very bipartisan
            bill and is just passed the Senate as an amendment to the FY 26
            NDAA.

        Question 1. Dr. Petty, can you commit to strengthening enforcement
    against IUU fishing and ensuring that American fishermen are competing
    on a level playing field?
        Answer. Under the new Seafood Competitiveness directive, DOC and
    USTR are charged with developing a coordinated strategy to enhance the
    vitality of the U.S. seafood sector, including through the Seafood
    Trade Task Force. If confirmed, I will leverage this initiative to
    improve access to foreign markets, confront unfair trade practices, and
    reinforce a fair and thriving domestic marketplace for American seafood
    producers through strong interagency and industry collaboration.
    NOAA Ocean Data/Research
       Dr. Petty, western Alaska is still recovering from the
            devastation caused by the remnants of Typhoon Halong, which
            brought destructive winds and record storm surges that
            displaced families and destroyed homes across Western Alaska.

       Events like that remind us just how much is at stake for
            Alaska's coastal communities--and how essential NOAA's research
            and observing systems are for protecting lives and livelihoods.

       Alaskans know better than most that accurate, long-term
            forecasting can mean the difference between safety and
            catastrophe.

       In addition to ensuring the safety of our coastal
            communities, ocean data and research are critical drivers for
            supporting our Nation's economy, and I commend this
            Administration for its focus on unleashing technology and
            innovation.

       Alaskans know firsthand how important our coasts and oceans
            are, several spending much of the year out on the water or
            harvesting along our coasts.

       However, to fully unleash Alaska's economic potential and
            allow our communities to thrive, Alaska needs the tools and
            weather forecasts to improve safety, enhance the economy, and
            protect the environment for our coastal communities.

       For this reason, I cosponsored a bill with my colleague
            Senator Wicker to reauthorize the Integrated Ocean Observing
            System (IOOS) at NOAA.

       The goals of IOOS decrease risks for Alaska. With better,
            faster, and more cost-effective technologies and essential data
            we can unlock our economic potential and protect lives and
            livelihoods.

        Question 1. Will you commit to empowering NOAA's ocean data and
    research functions to ensure that Alaska doesn't lose the scientific
    capacity for important operational and long-term forecasting?
        Answer. Yes.
    Alaska Salmon Research Task Force
       I now want to turn to what is truly the lifeblood of my
            state: salmon.

       Salmon is a way of life in Alaska and a primary food source
            for many in the state. We don't buy our salmon in the store
            like you all do, we fish for it, and we put it up to eat
            throughout the year. Salmon closures shake the foundation of
            our daily lives.

       Over the last several years, we have seen huge disparities
            in our salmon runs. Bristol Bay has had fantastic Sockeye
            returns, while the Yukon and Kuskokwim are seeing abysmal
            returns of King salmon and seasons continue to be closed.

       It is imperative that we get to the bottom of what is
            causing these fluctuations and poor salmon returns.

       Luckily, you've got a basis to work on. My Alaska Salmon
            Research Task Force Act was signed into law in 2022 and had
            NOAA collaborate with salmon experts in Alaska to chart a path
            forward to research why we are seeing such decreased abundance
            of salmon.

       The report was released last summer with suggestions of
            discrete, meaningful research projects that we can undertake to
            get to the bottom of this issue.

       A major research gap that was identified was that we are
            doing very little research on the middle of salmon's lives when
            they are in the ocean. That research is crucial to
            understanding how to ensure sustainable salmon runs.

        Question 1. Can you commit to working with me to prioritize and
    build upon the work we have started to better understand why our salmon
    runs are decreasing in Alaska?
        Answer. Yes.
    Russian Seafood Reciprocity Executive Orders
       Dr. Petty, I want to bring up something that we talked about
            during our meeting and that is the current reciprocal ban on
            Russian Seafood.

       Russia has banned U.S. seafood from its markets since 2014.
            However, for many years, Russia was not subject to any special
            import duties in the U.S. Meanwhile, Russia has drastically
            increased seafood production since 2022 and is openly working
            to flood both U.S. and global markets with cheap seafood to
            push out U.S. product.

       All the while, our hardworking fishermen could not export a
            single fish to Russia. For nearly 10 years we allowed them to
            do this and for years, I advocated to address this asymmetrical
            and very unfair trade relationship. I was finally successful in
            getting the last Administration to roll out a couple of
            executive orders to put a stop to this and restore reciprocity.
            If we can't enter the Russian market, they shouldn't be able to
            flood ours, too.

       EO 14068 in 2022 banned imports of Russian seafood. However,
            Russia found a loophole by laundering their seafood through
            China to circumvent the ban. EO 14114 in 2023 closed this
            loophole and made it abundantly clear than any seafood
            harvested in Russia is banned from import into the U.S.--even
            if it goes through processing in another country.

       Russia is our biggest competitor in a lot of the seafood
            market, and just like China, they don't play fair.

        Question 1. Will you commit to working with Secretary Lutnick to
    keep these reciprocal executive orders--EO 14068 and EO 14114--in
    place? They are critical to keeping our seafood trade fair.
        Answer. If confirmed, I will collaborate with both Secretary
    Lutnick, Under Secretary Jacobs, and other stakeholders to ensure these
    executive orders are implemented effectively and reflect the
    President's priorities. I will also advocate for data-driven
    assessments and stakeholder engagement to keep our seafood trade
    policies aligned with industry needs and global standards.
                                     ______

      Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Marsha Blackburn to
                                 Timothy Petty
        Question 1. Last year, at the urging of Chairman Cruz and myself,
    NOAA issued a two-year pause on new permitting restrictions for
    undersea cables. This pause was a step in the right direction, but it's
    only temporary. That's why I recently introduced the Undersea Cable
    Protection Act, which would make that pause permanent and ensure NOAA
    cannot impose burdensome regulations that unnecessarily slow down the
    deployment of critical subsea cable infrastructure. Given the
    importance of undersea cables to our national security, global
    communications, and economic competitiveness, do you agree that we need
    to eliminate burdensome regulations at NOAA and streamline permitting
    so these projects can continue without delay?
        Answer. The vital importance of undersea cables for national
    security and economic competitiveness is fully acknowledged. The
    agency's core responsibility is to ensure that its regulatory processes
    are efficient and appropriately streamlined for the deployment of this
    critical infrastructure. If confirmed, I commit to prioritizing the
    review and efforts to streamline processes related to permitting and
    address any unnecessary administrative burdens.

        Question 2. Mr. Petty, many industries rely on publicly available
    NOAA datasets for the purpose of not only assessing and protecting
    against immediate weather risks, but also for historical knowledge that
    influences long-term infrastructure planning. NOAA's data and cutting-
    edge research helps all taxpayers better understand what risks weather
    poses to their communities and properties, and it affects how we act
    before and after some of our country's biggest emergencies. In your
    view, what is NOAA's proper role in making their data available to the
    public?
        Answer. NOAA's role in public data access is central to its
    mission. By providing open, high-quality datasets, NOAA empowers
    communities, industries, and governments to prepare for weather
    extremes, design resilient infrastructure, and respond effectively to
    emergencies. If confirmed, I will work to strengthen data delivery
    systems, improve user interfaces, and deliver science-based datasets to
    ensure NOAA's science reaches those who need it most.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Maria Cantwell to
                                 Timothy Petty
    NOAA Workforce Reductions
        I have serious concerns about the current state of NOAA's
    workforce. Since January 2025, NOAA has lost a combined 27,000 years of
    experience. The resulting brain drain has impacted the entire agency.
    Overall, NOAA now has more than 3,000 vacant positions across the
    agency.
        On February 19, 2025, I sent a letter to Secretary Lutnick urging
    him to protect NOAA's critical workforce from the Trump
    Administration's reduction-in-force initiatives and hiring freeze,
    which would jeopardize the safety of the American public. Despite this
    warning, NOAA has lost over 2,000 employees through probationary
    firings and voluntary separation programs. These staffing shortages are
    disrupting NOAA's core functions. For instance, over a dozen stock
    assessments in New England and the mid-Atlantic have been canceled this
    year due to staffing shortages, and additional surveys in the Gulf and
    Hawaii were also canceled.

        Question 1. Yes or No: Do you believe NOAA can operate at its peak
    effectiveness when it has over 3,000 positions vacant?
        Answer. If confirmed, my efforts will center on maintaining and
    enhancing our critical work in science, dedicated NOAA service, and
    effective stewardship.

        Question 2. Yes or No: Do you think that the agency's ability to
    carry out its mission effectively has been impacted by the loss of
    about 2,000 officials since January?
        Answer. NOAA has articulated its foundational mission and
    operational priorities. Upon confirmation, my focus will be on driving
    performance and accountability across these critical mission areas.

        Question 3. Yes or No: Will you commit to fill these vacant NOAA
    positions under your purview without delay if confirmed?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will take steps to ensure NOAA
    maintains the staffing levels required to execute its vital mission and
    strategic goals effectively.

        Question 4. What specific steps would you take to ensure the
    National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and National Ocean Service
    (NOS) has sufficient staff to conduct critical activities like stock
    assessments, permitting, and oil spill response?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will immediately collaborate with
    NMFS, NOS, and NOAA's Human Capital Services to ensure the skilled
    workforce has adequate resources that are essential to advancing our
    fisheries and ocean mission and delivering on strategic goals.

        Question 5. Will you ensure NOAA is adequately staffed so that
    Tribes are able to access meaningful government-to-government
    consultation and technical assistance on NOAA programs, including
    grants?
        Answer. I recognize and uphold the importance of government-to-
    government consultations with Tribes in shaping effective and inclusive
    policy.

        Question 6. What is your plan for rebuilding the base of expertise
    that has been lost, ensuring that our science remains cutting edge, and
    retaining experts that are otherwise likely to leave for work in other
    nations?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will work to strengthen NOAA's
    foundation of expertise by cultivating a culture that empowers and
    values our researchers--enabling them to deliver innovative, high-
    impact science for the benefit of the American people.
    National Marine Fisheries Service
        American fisheries are the best managed fisheries in the world
    because of science. However, recent staffing cuts and the ongoing
    Federal hiring freeze have left NOAA with a shortage of fishery
    managers, scientists, and mariners that NOAA needs to operate its
    ships.
        As a result, many of NOAA's research vessels were tied up at the
    dock this summer, resulting in stock assessments being cancelled.
    Without stock assessments, NOAA will have to lower harvest levels. That
    means fewer fish, fewer fishing jobs, and a damaging ripple effect
    throughout coastal economies that rely on seafood.

        Question 1. What is your plan to address stock assessment
    shortfalls?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will collaborate with Congress to secure
    the resources NOAA needs to prioritize critical surveys--addressing
    mariner workforce gaps and expanding the use of uncrewed systems to
    enhance survey capabilities.

        Question 2. Yes or No: Do you support moving NMFS, the Office of
    Protected Resources, or any of their activities and functions out of
    NOAA? If yes, explain why.
        Answer. The FY 2026 President's Budget request for NOAA proposes
    transferring responsibilities under the Endangered Species Act (ESA)
    and Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) from the National Marine
    Fisheries Service's Office of Protected Resources to the U.S. Fish and
    Wildlife Service within the Department of the Interior. This shift aims
    to enhance interagency coordination, increase operational efficiency,
    and streamline the implementation of these laws--ultimately reducing
    regulatory burdens for both the public and industry.
    Northwest Fisheries Science Center
        A significant portion of salmon research occurs at the Northwest
    Fisheries Science Center in Seattle. That building is in dire need of
    replacement. I previously secured funding for a new building that could
    be collocated with the University of Washington, but it was rescinded
    by the reconciliation bill.

        Question 1. Do you support replacing the Northwest lab facility?
        Answer. NOAA's infrastructure, including the Northwest Fisheries
    Science Center, is central to advancing scientific research and
    conservation goals. These facilities contribute directly to the
    recovery of Pacific salmon and steelhead--species that are integral to
    the Pacific Northwest's economy, cultural identity, and Tribal Treaty
    obligations. Strategic investment in these assets is important but must
    be guided by practical and sustainable planning. If confirmed, I will
    work closely with Congress, GSA, and local partners to explore
    appropriate next steps for the Northwest Fisheries Science Center.
    Salmon Infrastructure
        Salmon are central to the state of Washington's economy, culture,
    Tribal Treaty Rights, and our identity in the Pacific Northwest. We
    need a refined strategy with bold actions that restores critical
    habitats and advances innovative science to turn the tide on salmon
    declines so that we can make meaningful progress on salmon restoration.

        Question 1. Do you support including salmon infrastructure, such as
    funding for hatcheries and culvert removal, in future infrastructure
    and surface transportation packages?
        Answer. The health of Northwest salmon populations depends on
    effective management of infrastructure and tributary systems. NOAA
    views these elements as critical and will continue to collaborate
    closely with regional stakeholders to ensure sustainable fisheries for
    future generations.

        Question 2. If confirmed, will you work with me to solve problems
    that harm salmon populations such as culverts and hazardous tire
    chemicals?
        Answer. The health of salmon populations in the region depends
    heavily on the condition of infrastructure and water quality systems.
    While transportation management, water quality resources and chemical
    oversight fall outside NOAA's direct authority, the agency is dedicated
    to working in partnership with state, local, and Federal entities to
    ensure these critical resources are managed effectively for the
    enduring viability of salmon.

        Question 3. Yes or No: Do you support further investments in Tribal
    salmon hatchery infrastructure?
        Answer. I recognize the deep connection between Tribes and
    fisheries resources, and if confirmed, I will work to maintain strong,
    enduring partnerships with Tribal governments to address fisheries
    management challenges together.
    Bipartisan NOAA Programs
        I along with Senator Wicker have introduced bills to reauthorize
    both the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) and National Sea
    Grant College programs, which would be eliminated in the President's FY
    2026 budget. NOAA's buoy provides access to high quality ocean, coastal
    and Great Lakes data that weather forecasters, fishermen, marine
    transportation, and other ocean users depend on for safety and to
    support coastal economic development. And Sea Grant helps protect
    coastal communities while supporting our fishermen. Last year,
    Washington Sea Grant generated over $60 million in economic benefits to
    the State of Washington, nearly 20 times the Federal investment.

        Question 1. Do you support the IOOS program?
        Answer. I support NOAA's efforts to keep regional ocean observing
    data publicly accessible. I will champion the integration of ocean data
    from diverse sources--including Federal agencies, universities,
    industry, and non-profits--to strengthen our collective understanding.
    Continued access to this data is vital for supporting defense
    operations, safe maritime navigation, economic activity, public health,
    weather prediction, fisheries, conservation, and the responsible
    management of ocean and Great Lakes ecosystems.

        Question 2. Do you support the Sea Grant program?
        Answer. The President's 2026 budget request provides a clear
    framework for prioritizing federal expenditures.

        Question 3. Do you commit to maintaining programs within NOAA that
    are Congressionally mandated?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will faithfully follow the law and remain
    committed to advancing NOAA's essential work--from ocean and marine
    stewardship, fisheries management and to weather forecasting--with
    scientific rigor, transparency, and impact effectiveness.
    Fisheries Disasters
        An important role of NOAA Fisheries is to administer disaster
    assistance funds for declared fisheries disasters. U.S. fishermen are
    currently waiting on $300 million in appropriated funds for fisheries
    disasters assistance to be administered.

        Question 1. Do you commit to ensuring NOAA Fisheries quickly
    administers appropriated fisheries disaster assistance funds once
    confirmed?
        Answer. I recognize the critical importance of NOAA's management of
    fisheries disaster assistance, which provides support to coastal
    economies and fishing communities following catastrophic events. If
    confirmed, I commit to working closely with the Department to
    administer assistance funds without unnecessary disruption.

        Question 2. What steps will you take to ensure fisheries disaster
    funds are administered without delay in the future?
        Answer. If confirmed, I commit to working with the resources that
    Congress provides, and to working with the Department and OMB to
    prioritize streamlining the disbursement process to deliver these
    critical funds to the impacted states, tribes, and territories.
    Illegal, Unregulated, and Unreported (IUU) Fishing
        IUU fishing is a key driver of global overfishing that threatens
    marine ecosystems, food security, and regional stability. It's a major
    global challenge that requires a whole-of-government approach by U.S.
    agencies for effective data collection, sharing of information, and
    enforcement efforts. The recent Executive Order 14276 on seafood
    competitiveness emphasized the urgency of protecting U.S. markets and
    maritime security from threats posed by IUU fishing and those products
    entering U.S. supply chains. It explicitly calls for enhanced Federal
    efforts to counter IUU fishing, improve traceability of seafood
    products, and coordinate more effectively across agencies, including
    Customs and Border Protection, Coast Guard, and the State Department.
    Given the scale of the threat and the vulnerabilities in U.S. seafood
    supply chains, this EO represents an opportunity and responsibility for
    NOAA to lead and act quickly.

        Question 1. What actions will you take to ensure NOAA's efforts to
    address IUU fishing is prioritized and sufficiently resourced?
        Answer. Ensuring the competitiveness of American seafood means
    confronting IUU fishing head-on. If confirmed, I will support NOAA's
    efforts to enhance enforcement, expand monitoring of seafood imports,
    and build stronger global coalitions to prevent illegally caught fish
    from entering the U.S. supply chain.

        Question 2. What actions will you take to improve coordination
    between NOAA and other agencies and ensure a whole-of-government
    approach to combating IUU fishing?
        Answer. The Executive Order on Seafood Competitiveness, expanding
    upon EO 13921, calls on DOC and USTR to evaluate seafood trade dynamics
    and develop a unified strategy, while establishing the Seafood Trade
    Task Force under joint leadership. If confirmed, I will actively engage
    this mechanism to pursue improved market access, combat unfair trade
    practices, and ensure a level playing field for American seafood
    producers.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Edward Markey to
                                 Timothy Petty
        Question 1. Sound, unbiased ocean and atmospheric research is at
    the heart of the component of NOAA you would supervise if confirmed. Do
    you agree with the scientific communities' consensus that climate
    change is real and already impacting the ocean including American
    fisheries?

        a. Do you believe that it is NOAA's responsibility to conduct
    research and educate the public about all aspects of our changing
    climate and how it will impact their daily lives?
        Answer. I believe NOAA has a vital responsibility to conduct
    rigorous applied research and to communicate its findings with
    transparency and clarity. It is essential that the public understands
    how changes in our oceans and atmosphere influence daily life--from
    weather systems and coastal resilience to food supply and public
    safety.

        b. If confirmed, how will you ensure that NOAA leads the way in
    developing and implementing climate-ready fisheries policies--
    supporting adaptive management, advancing ocean and climate science,
    and strengthening the resilience of U.S. fishermen and coastal
    communities facing these accelerating environmental changes?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will ensure NOAA leads with science-based,
    adaptive fisheries policies that respond to changing environmental and
    economic conditions. I will prioritize investments in ocean science,
    fishery surveys and strengthen data-driven management, while working
    closely with fishermen, stakeholders, states, Tribal partners, and
    coastal communities to build resilience in the face of international
    competition, IUU impacts and environmental change.

        Question 2. NOAA has lost significant portions of its workforce
    since this administration has begun, hampering its ability to operate.
    Do you commit to advocating for and protecting the remaining staff at
    NOAA from further reductions in force in order to successfully oversee
    the operations of the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Ocean
    Service, and other agency components under your supervision?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will work closely with NOAA's line offices,
    including the National Marine Fisheries Service and National Ocean
    Service, and coordinate with the Office of Human Capital Services to
    ensure we have the best workforce to deliver on our mission and advance
    strategic goals and priorities across the agency.

        Question 3. During your nomination hearing you stated that you
    believe artificial intelligence (AI) will be critical to addressing
    issues managing our fisheries. Yet fisheries management will not be
    possible without adequate staff as AI cannot replace many of the
    critical staff roles currently vacant due to ongoing reductions in
    force. Please list at least three ways you plan to remediate the
    staffing issues at the National Marine Fisheries Service caused by the
    reductions in force, voluntary resignation program, and overall
    attrition (i.e., retirements and early departures).
        Answer. If confirmed, I will work to strengthen staffing at the
    National Marine Fisheries Service. First, by reinforcing foundational
    roles in research and applied science, build law enforcement measures,
    and stakeholder engagement that are central to NOAA's fisheries
    mission. Second, by investing in people by improving retention
    strategies, supporting professional development, and fostering a
    culture of excellence. Third, using AI as a tool--not a substitute--to
    support staff, streamline operations, and free up human capacity for
    priority mission areas and collaboration.

        Question 4. You also stated during your nomination hearing that you
    understand the dangers posed by algal blooms to our water quality,
    public health, and environmental health. If confirmed, will you commit
    to supporting career scientists' unbiased assessments of all of the
    contributing factors to harmful algal blooms, including from
    agriculture?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will uphold NOAA's commitment to scientific
    transparency and integrity. Supporting career scientists in evaluating
    drivers harmful to fisheries and oceans underpin the economic drivers
    for a robust fishery population.

        a. Will you commit to supporting the recommendations made by career
    NOAA scientists to address harmful algal blooms even if they come into
    conflict with Department of Agriculture priorities?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will guide NOAA with the understanding that
    transparency, rigorous science, and open communication are essential to
    earning public trust and advancing our core science mission.
                                     ______

      Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tammy Duckworth to
                                 Timothy Petty
    Federal Elections
        Question 1. Setting aside the Congressional count and
    certification, do you believe President Donald Trump received more
    votes than Vice President Kamala Harris in the 2024 U.S. presidential
    election?
        Answer. After securing certification through the constitutional
    process, President Donld Trump assumed office as the 47th President of
    the United States on January 20, 2025.

        Question 2. Setting aside the official Congressional count and
    certification, do you believe President Joe Biden received more votes
    than President Donald Trump in the 2020 U.S. presidential election?
        Answer. After securing certification through the constitutional
    process, former President Joseph Biden assumed office as the 46th
    President of the United States on January 20, 2021.
                                     ______

     Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. John Hickenlooper to
                                 Timothy Petty
    Colorado River Basin Forecast Center
        The Colorado River is the hardest working river in the West. It
    supplies water to 40 million people across 7 states while supporting
    farms, communities, and economies. Given the climate-induced drought
    over the last 25 years, it is critical to closely track the river's
    supply.
        NOAA plays a vital role in collecting and sharing timely
    information to communities about forecasts-including through the
    Colorado River Basin Forecast Center, which examines reservoir inflows,
    streamflow forecasts, and provides flash flood guidance.

        Question 1. Dr. Petty, if confirmed, how will you ensure the
    Colorado River Basin Forecast Center continues and expands its critical
    water security mission?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will ensure that NOAA's foundational
    missions--including collaborative research in the Colorado River
    Basin--remain resilient and effective, upholding scientific rigor and
    interagency cooperation through any structural or administrative
    changes.
    NOAA's Facilities and Cooperative Institutes
        NOAA's presence in Boulder stretches back over 25 years. NOAA's
    collaborations across the scientific community in Boulder extend to
    Colorado's NIST campus, NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research
    (NCAR), and two Cooperative Institutes supported by NOAA: the
    Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA); and
    Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES).
        Dr. Petty, in our conversation, you shared with me your desire to
    preserve and expand public access to NOAA's key datasets.

        Question 1. Dr. Petty, if confirmed, will you commit to preserving
    the integrity of NOAA's essential research functions and Cooperative
    Institute partnerships?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will lead NOAA with a commitment to
    continuity and excellence in its core missions--from weather
    forecasting to fisheries oversight--ensuring they remain effective and
    scientifically sound. I will prioritize research that is focused,
    agile, and responsive to the evolving needs of communities across the
    Nation.
    Western Water
        The United States should always strive to represent the global gold
    standard for weather forecasting and modeling. Emerging technologies
    such as quantum computing and artificial intelligence are transforming
    every sector of our economy. Dr. Petty, in our conversation, you shared
    with me how you would like to help NOAA leverage emerging technologies
    like AI and quantum to help address major issues such as drought.

        Question 1. Dr. Petty, how would you ensure NOAA's climate and
    hydrological data, forecasts, and modeling capabilities are effectively
    deployed to help Western states better manage water resources under
    worsening drought and aridification?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will ensure NOAA's hydrological expertise
    is deployed with transparency and open science modeling to support
    Western states and Tribal communities facing water stress and demand. I
    will champion open data access, support co-developed solutions with
    local stakeholders, and maintain scientific rigor in all modeling and
    forecasting efforts to guide sustainable water resource decisions.

        Question 2. Dr. Petty, how would you strengthen NOAA's
    collaboration with state, local, and tribal governments in inland
    regions-including farmers, ranchers, and outdoor recreationists-to
    expand access to actionable data?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will strengthen NOAA's inland partnerships
    by using regional engagement through listening sessions and stakeholder
    roundtables, ensuring that farmers, ranchers, and outdoor
    recreationists have a direct voice in shaping NOAA's data priorities. I
    will work to improve the accessibility of NOAA's hydrological tools and
    models, allowing local communities to tailor them to meet the
    operational needs of inland communities. Additionally, I will support
    Tribal and local partnerships to co-develop their own data products
    that reflect regional priorities, ensuring that NOAA's science is both
    responsive and inclusive.
    Wildfire Preparedness
        The Mountain West is increasingly threatened by devastating
    wildfires. NOAA and the National Weather Service play a key role in
    helping forecast, model, and identify areas prone to wildfires.
        Earlier this week, on Tuesday, October 21st, we were proud to
    advance the bipartisan Fix Our Forests Act in the Senate Committee on
    Agriculture, to help increase our preparedness against wildfires.

        Question 1. Dr. Petty, how will you ensure NOAA's weather and
    climate forecasting tools--particularly those related to precipitation
    and fire weather--are improved and communicated in ways that help state
    and local officials plan for and mitigate these extreme events?
        Answer. If confirmed, I look forward to working with you and your
    staff to advance fire weather forecasting. As new technologies,
    observations, and data become available, I will work with the NOAA
    Administrator and Assistant Secretary for Environmental Observations
    and Prediction to ensure NOAA advances forecasting in the area of fire
    weather.

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