    [Senate Hearing 119-423]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]

                                                          S. Hrg. 119-423

                           NOMINATION TO THE NATIONAL
                      AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
                      AND THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
    =======================================================================

                                    HEARING

                                   BEFORE THE

                             COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE,
                          SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION
                              UNITED STATES SENATE

                        ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                                 FIRST SESSION

                                   __________

                                DECEMBER 3, 2025

                                   __________

        Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
                                 Transportation

    [GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                    Available online: http://www.govinfo.gov
                                  __________

                    U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISING OFFICE
    63-883                  WASHINGTON : 2026
    =======================================================================

           SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION

                        ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                                 FIRST SESSION

                           TED CRUZ, Texas, Chairman
    JOHN THUNE, South Dakota             MARIA CANTWELL, Washington,
    ROGER WICKER, Mississippi                Ranking
    DEB FISCHER, Nebraska                AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota
    JERRY MORAN, Kansas                  BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii
    DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska                 EDWARD MARKEY, Massachusetts
    MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee          GARY PETERS, Michigan
    TODD YOUNG, Indiana                  TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin
    TED BUDD, North Carolina             TAMMY DUCKWORTH, Illinois
    ERIC SCHMITT, Missouri               JACKY ROSEN, Nevada
    JOHN CURTIS, Utah                    BEN RAY LUJAN, New Mexico
    BERNIE MORENO, Ohio                  JOHN HICKENLOOPER, Colorado
    TIM SHEEHY, Montana                  JOHN FETTERMAN, Pennsylvania
    SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West Virginia  ANDY KIM, New Jersey
    CYNTHIA LUMMIS, Wyoming              LISA BLUNT ROCHESTER, Delaware
                     Brad Grantz, Republican Staff Director
               Nicole Christus, Republican Deputy Staff Director
                       Lila Harper Helms, Staff Director
                     Melissa Porter, Deputy Staff Director

                               C O N T E N T S

                                  ----------
                                                                       Page
    Hearing held on December 3, 2025.................................     1
    Statement of Senator Cruz........................................     1
    Statement of Senator Cantwell....................................     2
    Statement of Senator Sheehy......................................     5
        Letter dated December 1, 2025 to Senator Ted Cruz and Senator
          Maria Cantwell from Tony LaRosa, Founder and Managing
          Director, Interplanetary Chamber of Commerce...............     6
        Letter dated November 19, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Dr. Jonathan Cirtain,
          Chief Executive Officer and President, Axiom Space.........     6
        Letter dated December 1, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Matt Gialich, Chief
          Executive Officer, AstroForge, Inc.........................     7
        Letter dated November 25, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Jason Kim, CEO, Firefly
          Aerospace..................................................     8
        Letter dated December 1, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Steve Place, CEO,
          Corillian..................................................     9
        Letter dated November 21, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Rob Meyerson, CEO,
          Interlune Corporation......................................     9
        Letter dated November 26, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Mason Angel, Founding
          Partner, Industrious Ventures and Taylor Sargent, Partner,
          Industrious Ventures.......................................    10
        Letter dated November 26, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Stephen Altemus, Chief
          Executive Officer, Intuitive Machines......................    11
        Letter dated November 13, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Tom Mueller, CEO,
          Impulse Space..............................................    11
        Letter dated November 17, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.
          Maria Cantwell from Bradley Cheetham, Chief Executive
          Officer, Advanced Space LLC................................    12
        Letter dated November 20, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Joshua Brost, Chief
          Revenue Officer, Relativity Space, Inc.....................    13
        Letter dated November 26, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Twyman Clements,
          President and Co-Founder, Space Tango......................    13
        Letter dated December 2, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Karan Kunjur, Co-Founder
          and CEO, K2 Space and Neel Kunjur Co-Founder and CTO, K2
          Space......................................................    14
        Letter dated November 25, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Dylan Taylor, Chairman
          and CEO, Voyager Technologies..............................    15
        Letter dated December 1, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Kevin Lowdermilk, Chief
          Executive Officer, Vaya Space..............................    15
        Letter dated November 28, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Tejpaul Bhatia, Founder
          and CEO, Plan Z Capital Inc................................    16
        Letter dated November 30, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Michael Anderson, Chief
          Executive Officer, Seagate Space Corporation...............    17
        Letter dated November 12, 2025 to Ranking Member Chris Van
          Hollen and Senator Angela Alsobrooks from Robert D. Braun,
          Head, Space Exploration Sector, Johns Hopkins Applied
          Physics Laboratory.........................................    17
        Letter dated December 1, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Michael Gold, President, Civil and
          International Business, Redwire Space......................    18
        Letter dated December 1, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Dr. Angel Smith,
          Executive Director, SmallSat Alliance......................    19
        Letter dated December 2, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Robbie Robertson, CEO and Co-Founder, Sedaro.    20
        Letter dated December 2, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Ryan Kriser, Chairman,
          Board of Directors, Space for Humanity and Antonio
          Peronace, Executive Director, Space for Humanity...........    21
        Letter dated November 30, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Mr. Thomas Marotta, CEO,
          The Spaceport Company......................................    21
        Letter dated December 2, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Geoff Freeman, President and CEO, U.S. Travel
          Association................................................    22
        Letter dated November 24, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Andy Lapsa, CEO, Stoke
          Space......................................................    23
        Letter dated November 26, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Marshall Smith, Chief
          Executive Officer, Starlab Space...........................    23
        Letter dated November 26, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Blair Bigelow May,
          Founder and CEO. Selene Space Corporation..................    24
        Letter dated December 3, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Raymond Tonsing, Member,
          Caffeinated Capital Management, LLC........................    25
        Letter dated December 1, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Ryan Kriser, Partner,
          Type One Ventures..........................................    26
        Letter dated November 17, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.
          Maria Cantwell from Will Marshall, Co-Founder and Chief
          Executive Officer, Planet Labs PBC and Robert Schingler,
          Co-Founder and Chief Strategy Officer, Planet Labs PBC.....    27
        Letter dated March 25, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Kyle J. Cozad, RADM USN (Ret), President and
          CEO, Naval Aviation Museum Foundation......................    28
        Letter dated November 13, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.
          Maria Cantwell from Captain Wes Pulver, USCG (Ret.),
          President, National Coast Guard Museum Association.........    28
        Letter dated November 21, 2025 to Hon. Senator Ted Cruz and
          Hon. Senator Maria Cantwell from Saleem Miyan, Co-founder
          and CEO, Max Space Inc.....................................    29
        Letter dated November 21, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.
          Maria Cantwell from Ed Bolen, President and CEO, National
          Business Aviation Association..............................    31
        Press Statement dated November 12, 2025 entitled, ``Statement
          on the re-nomination of Jared Isaacman for NASA
          Administrator'' by Danielle Gunn, The Planetary Society....    32
        Letter dated November 12, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Dave Cavossa, President,
          Commercial Space Federation................................    33
        Statement from Redwire Corporation...........................    34
        Letter dated November 24, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.
          Maria Cantwell from Mike Moses, President, Virgin Galactic.    34
        Letter dated November 26, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Bill Woolf, Colonel,
          USAF (Ret.), CEO, President and Founder, Space Force
          Association................................................    35
        Tweet on Truth Social dated November 4, 2025 from President
          Donald J. Trump............................................    36
    Statement of Senator Moran.......................................    87
    Statement of Senator Moreno......................................    89
    Statement of Senator Kim.........................................    91
    Statement of Senator Schmitt.....................................    93
    Statement of Senator Peters......................................    95
    Statement of Senator Markey......................................    98
    Statement of Senator Budd........................................   100
    Statement of Senator Lujan.......................................   102
    Statement of Senator Klobuchar...................................   103
    Statement of Senator Young.......................................   106
    Statement of Senator Rosen.......................................   107
    Statement of Senator Capito......................................   109
    Statement of Senator Hickenlooper................................   111
        Letter dated November 22, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.
          Maria Cantwell from former NASA Astronauts.................   113
        Letter dated November 21, 2025 to Hon. Roger Wicker and Hon.
          Cindy Hyde-Smith from Michelle D. Hanlon, Executive
          Director, Air and Space Law Program, University of
          Mississippi................................................   114
        Letter dated November 24, 2025 to Senator Tommy Tuberville
          from Brenda Perez, Interim Chief Executive Officer, Chief
          Financial Officer, U.S. Space and Rocket Center............   114
        Letter dated November 24, 2025 to Senator Katie Britt from
          Brenda Perez, Interim Chief Executive Officer, Chief
          Financial Officer, U.S. Space and Rocket Center............   115
        Letter dated December 1, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from the undersigned 12,329 members of the
          national #SaveChandra Community............................   116
        Letter dated November 29, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Sinan Kanatsiz,
          Chairman, Internet Marketing Association...................   128

                                   Witnesses

    Hon. Bill Hagerty, U.S. Senator from Tennessee...................     4
    Jared Isaacman, Nominee to be Administrator, National Aeronautics
      and Space Administration.......................................    38
        Prepared statement...........................................    40
        Biographical information.....................................    41
    Steven H. Haines, Nominee to be an Assistant Secretary of
      Commerce for Industry and Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce    74
        Prepared statement...........................................    76
        Biographical information.....................................    77

                                    Appendix

    Response to written questions submitted to Jared Isaacman by:
        Hon. Ted Cruz................................................   129
        Hon. Roger Wicker............................................   129
        Hon. Jerry Moran.............................................   130
        Hon. Dan Sullivan............................................   131
        Hon. Ted Budd................................................   131
        Hon. Eric Schmitt............................................   132
        Hon. Maria Cantwell..........................................   133
        Hon. Edward Markey...........................................   136
        Hon. Gary Peters.............................................   137
        Hon. Tammy Duckworth.........................................   137
        Hon. Jacky Rosen.............................................   138
        Hon. John Hickenlooper.......................................   138
        Hon. John Fetterman..........................................   142
    Response to written questions submitted to Steven H. Haines by:
        Hon. Roger Wicker............................................   143
        Hon. Todd Young..............................................   143
        Hon. Maria Cantwell..........................................   144
        Hon. Amy Klobuchar...........................................   146

                           NOMINATION TO THE NATIONAL
                      AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
                      AND THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

                                  ----------

                          WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 3, 2025

                                           U.S. Senate,
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
                                                        Washington, DC.
        The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10 a.m., in room
    SR-253, Russell Senate Office Building, Hon. Ted Cruz, Chairman
    of the Committee, presiding.
        Present: Senators Cruz [presiding], Fischer, Moran,
    Sullivan, Young, Budd, Schmitt, Moreno, Sheehy, Capito,
    Cantwell, Klobuchar, Markey, Peters, Rosen, Lujan,
    Hickenlooper, Fetterman, and Kim.

                  OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. TED CRUZ,
                        U.S. SENATOR FROM TEXAS

        Chairman Cruz. Good morning. The Senate Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation will come to order.
        Today, we will consider the nominations of Jared Isaacman
    to serve as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
    Administration, which I have to say, for a moment, feels a bit
    like Groundhog Day, and also Steven Haines to serve as an
    Assistant Secretary of Commerce.
        NASA is at the forefront of American leadership in science
    and technology. It is critical to our national security amid
    what I have called the second ``space race.'' But the agency
    finds itself at an inflection point. Its next leader must be
    both disciplined and purposeful, candidly assessing what is
    working and what is not, while recognizing that each policy
    decision has tradeoffs. NASA cannot do everything it wants to;
    the agency must prioritize if we are to beat China back to the
    Moon and back to Mars.
        If confirmed, Mr. Isaacman will be taking the helm just as
    NASA is set to launch Artemis II, the agency's first crewed use
    of the Space Launch System rocket and the first crewed mission
    on the Orion spacecraft, which will bring American astronauts
    closer to the lunar surface than at any point since 1972.
        I know Mr. Isaacman will be a strong leader who sees that
    Artemis II launches safely, successfully, and without delay.
        He must then turn to Artemis III, landing Americans on the
    Moon before China, which is aimed to send its own taikonauts
    there by 2030. NASA cannot take its eye off the ball.
        Fortunately, Congress has given clear direction and
    substantial funding to achieve this goal. In the One Big
    Beautiful Bill, President Trump and a Republican Congress
    committed nearly $10 billion to specific parts of the space
    program, including the Space Launch System and future lunar
    missions of Artemis IV and V; the Gateway space station at the
    Moon; and the International Space Station. The vision for NASA
    enshrined in the One Big Beautiful Bill is unambiguous, and
    Congress expects that it will be executed faithfully.
        And I will note that our friend and colleague, Senator
    Katie Britt, from Alabama, has come to join us. Alabama
    obviously has intense interest in NASA and space, and Senator
    Britt, we welcome you to the Committee this morning.
        Investments in hardware alone will not guarantee mission
    success. Equally indispensable is NASA's workforce. Houston's
    Johnson Space Center is home to one of the most capable,
    experienced, and mission-driven workforces in the world. JSC is
    home to our astronaut corps, America's spacefaring heroes, who
    represent the best of our Nation. Preserving that talent is
    essential, and I trust that JSC will continue to thrive under
    Mr. Isaacman's leadership.
        Mr. Isaacman, I believe, will prioritize stability,
    accountability, and respect for the men and women who make the
    agency's missions possible. As the commander of Inspiration 4,
    the first all-civilian spaceflight, and the first private
    citizen to walk in space, he knows that every successful
    mission depends on the skills and the dedication of its crew,
    as well as the countless professionals supporting them from the
    ground.
        Mr. Isaacman, I know that you are as committed to American
    supremacy in the final frontier as is this Committee and the
    entire Senate. The United States must remain the unquestioned
    leader in space exploration, and this imperative is why we need
    to confirm your nomination as expeditiously as possible. My
    hope is that you will be confirmed and in this role before the
    end of this year.
        Finally, a word about our nominee to lead Industry and
    Analysis within the International Trade Administration at the
    Department of Commerce. If confirmed, Steven Haines will also
    help us compete with China. He will support U.S. companies with
    actionable market intelligence, help them navigate trade
    barriers, and identify opportunities for expansion into foreign
    markets. He brings experience as a foreign service officer and
    from across multiple Federal agencies.
        Both our nominees before us will advance American
    interests, whether in outer space or here at home.
        I now turn to Ranking Member Cantwell for her opening
    remarks.

                   STATEMENT OF HON. MARIA CANTWELL,
                      U.S. SENATOR FROM WASHINGTON

        Senator Cantwell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you
    for this hearing. Congratulations, Mr. Isaacman on being
    renominated to lead NASA and Mr. Haines on your nomination to
    be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce. I too would like to
    welcome our colleague, Senator Britt, from a state that has a
    very robust aerospace community, and look forward to continuing
    to work with her. And I would like to say a special welcome to
    two Washingtonians who are here--Bill Nye, the Science Guy,
    from Washington, and Mr. Detrick, who is Mr. Haines' father-in-
    law. Great to have you here as well in support of him.
        Mr. Isaacman, I supported your nomination the first time
    you came before the Committee, and I hope to do so again. I, as
    the Chairman mentioned, hope to get you in this position before
    the end of the year. But there is no secret that a lot of NASA
    changes have been made since the last time you were before this
    Committee, including the NASA decision to re-compete for the
    Lunar Lander, the release of the President's proposed NASA
    budget, which calls for cutting the agency's budget by nearly a
    quarter in the workforce, and nearly a third of the science
    funding cut in half.
        So given all that, I am glad you are here. I am glad you
    are here to answer questions about NASA's future, and I hope
    that today's hearing will show that there is bipartisan
    agreement, strong bipartisan agreement, that we must redouble
    our efforts to get American astronauts back to the surface of
    the Moon as soon as possible.
        At our Committee hearing in November, we heard concerning
    testimony from several expert witnesses who left little room
    for doubt that the current SpaceX Lunar Lander would not be
    ready to put Americans back on the Moon either in 2027 or 2028.
    And we almost certainly would lose the race to China, and I
    know that you are going to have robust competition. In
    response, Acting Administrator Duffy reopened the contract and
    its competition for the Lunar Lander that can be ready sooner,
    by the end of 2028. And I think this was the correct decision,
    and I expect you to continue executing on this plan, if
    confirmed.
        To be clear, winning the race to the Moon is not just about
    short-term token victories. It is the first step in
    accomplishing a very long-term presence on the lunar surface,
    which is strategic economically and is a national security
    imperative. Mr. Isaacman, I expect to hear from you today about
    how you will ensure we achieve these goals.
        NASA is also much more than just a moon exploration
    program. The agency leads in a number of other vital strategic
    missions, including aeronautic research, space technology and,
    of course, the agency's critical science mission.
        NASA is one of the world's leading research and development
    organizations. I think that is why we have, I don't know, about
    50 people waiting outside to get in this hearing room. I think
    they really believe you are going to get confirmed, and they
    all want to be first in line to talk about all these
    developments. NASA is one of the leading research and
    development organizations and an agency that feeds a multiple
    of sectors of innovation, including AI, quantum, advanced
    aerospace materials, manufacturing, and aviation safety.
        You and I have had a chance to talk about this issue as it
    relates to my home state. Over 1,500 companies form a robust
    aerospace supply chain, including 40 Artemis Program suppliers,
    and this issue of a tech hub working on next-generation
    thermoplastics that is so critical to all space and aerospace
    manufacturing to develop high-rate composite manufacturing
    production.
        Nevertheless, as we have discussed these issues, OMB
    Director Vought has been working to gut NASA's budget,
    especially in science. Earlier this year, multiple NASA
    whistleblowers provided evidence showing that OMB was pushing
    NASA to implement the dangerous cuts requested in the
    President's budget for Fiscal Year 2026, disregarding the law
    and the impacts that this would leave on NASA. This is just
    unacceptable. Mr. Isaacman, if confirmed, I expect you will
    push back on these dangerous ideas and advocate for NASA's
    budget.
        Oh, I also invite you to visit Washington State. We would
    love to continue this discussion on how to generate the next
    aviation innovation. It is clear that there is a lot going on
    that will help us on the Moon-to-Mars mission, not just the 40
    Artemis suppliers, but a lot of other issues in how to
    guarantee our satellite communication for the future and how to
    make sure that is secure. So thank you again for your
    willingness to step up to these challenges.
        Turning to you, Mr. Haines, if confirmed as the Assistant
    Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Analysis you will be
    responsible for strengthening the globe's competitiveness in
    U.S. industry and overseeing key trade analyses. You would lead
    a team charged with value-added analysis and tools to support
    economic policy decisions. No doubt, there has been a big sea
    change since COVID about supply chain issues and supply chain
    vulnerabilities and the interest that Commerce play a larger
    role in identifying those risk sectors.
        Myself and Senator Risch have been leading a charge on
    fusion technology and hoping that we can be very aggressive on
    supply chain issues if, in fact, fusion technology gets to the
    actual point of manufacturing in the United States.
        So I look forward to working with you on those supply chain
    issues, and I want us to continue to know that we have to
    reduce tariffs. In my mind, tariffs are causing Americans to be
    challenged on affordability issues, and I look forward to
    working with you and asking you questions about that agenda as
    well. And welcome to our colleague from Tennessee, Senator
    Hagerty.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you. I will now turn to our colleague
    from the great state of Tennessee, Senator Hagerty, to
    introduce Mr. Haines. Senator Hagerty, welcome to the
    Committee.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. BILL HAGERTY,
                      U.S. SENATOR FROM TENNESSEE

        Senator Hagerty. Thank you, Chairman Cruz and Ranking
    Member Cantwell. Thank you for holding this important hearing.
    Mr. Isaacman, I want to congratulate you on your nomination and
    look forward to your confirmation.
        The reason I am here today, though, is to introduce a
    former staffer, a good friend, and a fellow Tennessean, Steven
    Haines. Steven Haines is President Trump's nominee to serve as
    Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Analysis.
        But before I get into his introduction I would like to
    actually address all of the staff sitting along the walls here
    today. I hope you will take a lesson from Steven Haines. He did
    a remarkable job serving on my team, a great member of my
    national security team, and frankly, touched many aspects of
    our office. He is taking that knowledge and moving it into the
    administrative branch, in the Executive Branch in this
    Administration, and he is going to go on to do great things.
    And I just think it is a testament to the fact that the hard
    work that all of you put in, on both sides of the aisle, to
    support our Nation and to generate the type of opportunities we
    want to see for our children and grandchildren, can manifest
    itself in a career like Steven's. And I hope, Steven, that you
    will continue to advance your career. It is one of the greatest
    honors I have to be here and speak on behalf of my former
    staffer, and to all of you. Thank you for your hard work that
    you do every day, and I hope that someday I will be seeing you
    sitting in a seat just like Steven.
        Steven was one of my national security advisors for 2
    years. His counsel was critical, covering nearly every issue
    that came to my office, from supporting my role as Ranking
    Member of the Banking and National Security Subcommittee that
    covers export controls and CFIUS work to State Department
    reauthorization and consular issues on the Senate Foreign
    Relations Committee, to the important work of funding the
    government through the appropriations process, there was not
    much that Steven did not touch in my office.
        Before his time in the Senate, Steven served as a
    Presidential Management Fellow, then as a Foreign Affairs
    Officer at the Department of State's Bureau of East Asian and
    Pacific Affairs. Steven is a graduate of the University of
    Nevada and holds a masters in Asian Studies from the George
    Washington University Elliott School of International Affairs.
        Steven's understanding of how Federal agencies operate and
    his deep knowledge of foreign policy and national security were
    evident from the first day he joined my team. This expertise
    served the constituents of Tennessee remarkably well, and his
    love for this country and serving the American people is
    palpable.
        He is a man of conviction, a man of loyalty and integrity,
    and precisely the caliber of person we need serving in
    government.
        I thank you for considering Steven's nomination, and I
    encourage my colleagues to support his nomination as he
    advances his call to public service. Congratulations, Steven.
    Thank you.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you, Senator Hagerty. I will now turn
    to our colleague, Senator Sheehy, to introduce Mr. Isaacman.
    Senator Sheehy, the floor is yours.

                     STATEMENT OF HON. TIM SHEEHY,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM MONTANA

        Senator Sheehy. Thank you, Chairman. Welcome back, Jared. I
    would say this is a once-in-a-lifetime experience, but I think
    we are on number two now. Monica, great to see you. Thanks for
    bringing the girls.
        Before I introduce Jared, Chairman, I would like to enter
    in 40 letters of support for Mr. Isaacman's nomination, please.
        Chairman Cruz. Without objection.
        Senator Sheehy. Thank you.
        [The information referred to follows:]

                             Interplanetary Chamber of Commerce
                                                       December 1, 2025

    Senator Ted Cruz,
    Chair,
    Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
    Washington, DC.

    Senator Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        On behalf of the Interplanetary Chamber of Commerce (ICoC) and our
    members spanning six continents across the global space economy, we
    write in strong support of the confirmation of Jared Isaacman as
    Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    (NASA).
        Mr. Isaacman represents a new generation of leadership uniquely
    suited to NASA's current moment. As a civilian astronaut, accomplished
    pilot, entrepreneur, and philanthropist, he brings rare, firsthand
    experience operating at the intersection of human spaceflight, advanced
    technology, risk management, and mission execution. His leadership of
    pioneering missions has demonstrated not only operational excellence
    and safety discipline, but also a deep commitment to expanding access
    to space and inspiring global participation in space exploration.
        Equally important is Mr. Isaacman's proven ability to work
    constructively with the commercial sector while respecting public
    mission objectives. NASA's success over the next decade will depend
    upon deep, trusted partnerships with industry across launch,
    spacecraft, communications, data, and emerging in-space infrastructure.
    Mr. Isaacman's experience building and leading complex organizations,
    while collaborating with government agencies and international
    partners, positions him exceptionally well to guide NASA through this
    era of sustained lunar activity, preparation for Mars, and expansion of
    the broader space economy.
        From our international perspective, NASA's leadership sets the tone
    not only for U.S. space policy, but for global norms in safety,
    interoperability, sustainability, and responsible exploration. Mr.
    Isaacman understands the importance of these principles and has
    consistently demonstrated a values-driven approach that aligns
    innovation with long-term stewardship and public benefit.
        The Interplanetary Chamber of Commerce represents companies and
    institutions engaged in space across civil, commercial, academic, and
    emerging market sectors worldwide. Our members strongly believe that
    Mr. Isaacman's confirmation would strengthen NASA's role as a catalyst
    for innovation, international collaboration, and economic growth, while
    maintaining its core mission of exploration, science, and inspiration.
        We respectfully urge the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation, and the full United States Senate, to confirm Jared
    Isaacman as NASA Administrator without delay.
                Respectfully,
                                                   Tony LaRosa,
                                           Founder & Managing Director,
                                        Interplanetary Chamber of Commerce.
                                     ______

                                                    Axiom Space
                                                      November 19, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of Axiom Space, I am writing to convey our strong support
    for the confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman as Administrator of the
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
        NASA is entering the most consequential transition in human
    spaceflight since the end of the Shuttle program, requiring decisive
    leadership during this pivotal period for the United States' civil and
    commercial space enterprises. The retirement of the International Space
    Station in 2030 demands timely decisions and coordinated execution of
    the Commercial Low-Earth Orbit Development (CLD) program to ensure a
    smooth transition. Simultaneously, NASA is charged with beating
    formidable geopolitical adversaries to the Moon and being the first one
    to Mars.
        While the mission at hand is profound, these endeavors will serve
    to organize and measure the best of our country's energies and skills.
    A confirmed administrator is urgently needed to oversee and ensure that
    the United States' national posture, technological superiority,
    economic dominance, and international leadership in space are
    maintained and advanced. Expeditiously approving the appointment of an
    administrator avoids delaying critical programs at a moment when our
    competitors, especially China, are accelerating their own LEO and Lunar
    and Maritain initiatives.
        Axiom Space strongly believes that Mr. Isaacman's proven business
    leadership, historic space achievements, and detailed understanding of
    commercial capabilities positions him uniquely to navigate this
    defining moment. Therefore, Axiom Space respectfully urges the
    Committee to give full and favorable consideration to Mr. Jared
    Isaacman's nomination.
                Sincerely,
                                          Dr. Jonathan Cirtain,
                                 Chief Executive Officer and President,
                                                               Axiom Space.
                                     ______

                                                     AstroForge
                                                       December 1, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        On behalf of AstroForge, I am writing to express my strong support
    for Jared Isaacman's nomination to serve as Administrator of the
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
        As the CEO of AstroForge, I lead an American space company that is
    dedicated to making the United States less dependent on foreign-sourced
    critical minerals by developing innovative mining technologies for
    asteroids and terrestrial use cases. Our company is built on the belief
    that private industry plays a critical role in propelling our Nation
    forward by taking on extreme challenges. This is especially true in
    space, where technical moon shots above often lead to advancements here
    at home.
        The future that Mr. Isaacman envisions for space exploration,
    science, and infrastructure is one that will make our Nation stronger.
    He brings a rare combination of operational experience, aerospace
    leadership, and a commitment to advancing U.S. capabilities in space
    that could change our country's space program forever. These are
    critical leadership skills we need at a time when space is more
    contested and congested than ever before.
        In recent years, NASA has taken important steps to support public-
    private partnerships, commercial innovation, and long-term exploration
    architectures. We hope NASA continues to grow these types of efforts.
    AstroForge is currently preparing to launch its third mission to a
    target asteroid and is developing hardware to demonstrate space-based
    mineral processing. Our work depends on continued stability and vision
    at the agency level. I believe Mr. Isaacman is qualified to lead NASA
    through its next chapter and will bring the right focus to ensure the
    United States continues to lead in this critical domain.
        Thank you for your consideration,
                Sincerely,
                                                  Matt Gialich,
                                               Chief Executive Officer,
                                                           AstroForge, Inc.
                                     ______

                                              Firefly Aerospace
                                      Cedar Park, TX, November 25, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        On behalf of Firefly Aerospace, I am writing to convey Firefly's
    support for the confirmation of Mr. Jared lsaacman to serve as the next
    Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
        Firefly is a Texas-born, Texas-proud public company that is
    pioneering the next era of lunar exploration. We recently completed the
    first successful commercial Moon landing for NASA's CLPS (Commercial
    Lunar Payload Services) initiative and continue to set new responsive
    space records as we launch, land, and orbit. We are expanding our
    facility to concurrently build 4 lunar landers in Texas this year to
    keep growing our capacity to meet the growing demand, while making
    Texas the capital of Lunar Landers.
        This team of Fireflies embodies Texas's ''go big'' motto as we
    tackle bold missions. We recognize and celebrate those with similar
    values who push the boundaries of exploration and bring new innovative
    strategies to keep America first in space--these are all
    characteristics and core beliefs of Mr. lsaacman as he serves our
    Nation.
        Mr. lsaacman's passion for space exploration is exemplified as he
    self-funded five research-focused space missions, two of which have
    been completed. During these missions, the crew conducted extensive
    biomedical research, collaborating with top medical universities,
    including Baylor College of Medicine in Texas. The objective of this
    research supports human exploration beyond our planet. Other mission
    objectives included carrying STEM-focused payloads and fundraising for
    ST. Jude Children's Research Hospital. This selfless leadership will be
    an asset for NASA.
        Mr. lsaacman further brings commercial CEO leadership that can
    optimize NASA's business operations and ensure the most beneficial use
    of taxpayer funds. As a successful entrepreneur of multiple companies,
    Mr. lsaacman's track record is proven. His company Shift4 is an example
    of more than two decades of successful operations, showcasing strategic
    use of investment capital and innovation to support customers. He also
    founded, grew and then sold a company that trained military pilots,
    supporting the U.S. Air Force. He understands how commercial companies
    can provide innovation in technology and business models that provide
    game-changing capabilities for our Nation.
        This is a pivotal time for NASA, and a strong entrepreneur
    visionary and strategic leader is required. Among its many missions and
    activities, the agency is working to return astronauts to the Moon,
    operating the International Space Stations, developing follow-on
    commercial space stations, and exploring the solar system. In addition,
    China's ambition to compete with U.S. leadership in space and build
    international alliances to counter western-Democracy coalitions is a
    critical issue this committee has rightly focused on. NASA's leadership
    and subsequent activities over the next three years very well may
    determine the balance of power in space, and Firefly is here to support
    the Nation and NASA.
        With decades of experience as an entrepreneur, business leader, and
    space pioneer, Mr. lsaacman is well suited to lead NASA. During Mr.
    lsaacman's hearing before the committee in April 2025, he demonstrated
    his understanding of the near-and long-term competition with China, as
    well as his respect for Congress's oversight responsibilities and the
    laws directing NASA's activities. Furthermore, Mr. lsaacman's selfless
    pursuits in space exploration, research, STEM, philanthropy, and
    serving our Nation support NASA's focus on space science, space
    technology, aeronautics, and human exploration. Mr. lsaacman brings
    ingenuity, business acumen, integrity, technical know-how, and a deep
    passion that will position NASA to take on the many opportunities to
    advance humankind and keep American first in space.
        On behalf of Firefly Aerospace and our more than 1,300 employees,
    we fully support the confirmation of Mr. lsaacman and encourage this
    committee confirm Jared lsaacman as NASA Administrator.
                Sincerely,
                                                     Jason Kim,
                                                                   CEO,
                                                         Firefly Aerospace.
                                     ______

                                                      Corillian
                                                       December 1, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        Our nation was the first to set foot on the moon, but our advantage
    in space has been diminished by our adversaries. The future of
    America's space program needs strong, visionary leadership to get the
    United States back on track so we may survive and thrive in an
    increasingly competitive landscape.
        Mr. Isaacman is the leader we need to shepherd NASA into this new
    age.
        The next NASA Administrator will need to galvanize the public and
    private sectors in order to push forward jaw-dropping technical
    achievements. The next NASA Administrator will need to inspire a
    generation of young people to take on scientific moonshots that are in
    the national interest. Most importantly, the next NASA Administrator
    will need to overcome fierce competition from adversaries who do not
    share our same values or vision for space.
        Mr. Isaacman is the most capable leader to operationalize and
    execute these mission-critical efforts.
        As the CEO of Corillian, I build and invest in defense and
    aerospace companies. It's my job to spot talent--in founders and
    businesses alike--and to make a determination on their ability to chart
    a path forward amidst seemingly impossible odds. The role that the next
    NASA Administrator is stepping into is challenging and will have long-
    lasting repercussions for our Nation. I believe Mr. Isaacman is the
    best person to take on that challenge.
        The United States will regain its position as the leader for space
    innovation, but we need the right NASA Administrator to ensure this
    outcome. Mr. Isaacman is the right leader for the job. Please support
    his nomination.
                Respectfully,
                                                   Steve Place,
                                                                   CEO,
                                                                 Corillian.
                                     ______

                                                      Interlune
                                         Seattle, WA, November 21, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of Interlune, I am honored to express my strong support
    for the confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman as Administrator of the
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
        At Interlune, we are building innovative technologies to extract
    and commercialize natural resources from space, starting with Helium-3,
    to help establish a sustainable in-space economy led by the United
    States. As a commercial space company, we understand that close
    alignment between NASA's strategic direction and the growth of the
    commercial space sector is critical. This alignment requires bold
    vision, technical credibility, and a deep appreciation for the role of
    private industry in expanding America's reach in space.
        Mr. Isaacman embodies these qualities. Across his career, he has
    built and led multi-billion-dollar enterprises, managed complex
    technical organizations, and worked extensively with the Federal
    government--experience that will serve him well in leading an agency as
    large and multifaceted as NASA. His companies are known for driving
    innovation, reducing inefficiencies, and empowering high-performing
    teams, all while expanding into new markets. Each of these
    characteristics is essential as NASA navigates aging infrastructure,
    budget pressures, and growing international competition.
        Just as importantly, Mr. Isaacman brings a rare perspective as a
    commercial space pioneer. Through the Inspiration4 mission and his
    subsequent spaceflights, including the first commercial spacewalk, he
    has developed a deep understanding of the risks, rigor, and discipline
    required to advance human spaceflight safely. He understands what it
    will take to build a sustainable space economy rooted in public-private
    partnership. For companies like Interlune that are committed to
    unlocking commercial activity on the lunar surface, his leadership
    would strengthen the collaboration needed to maintain U.S.
    technological and economic advantage.
        Mr. Isaacman is uniquely prepared to guide NASA at this pivotal
    moment. Interlune looks forward to working with Mr. Isaacman to ensure
    that the United States remains the global leader in space. Thank you
    for your consideration of this letter in support of Jared Isaacman's
    confirmation as the Administrator of NASA.
                Sincerely,
                                                  Rob Meyerson,
                                                                   CEO,
                                                     Interlune Corporation.
                                     ______

                                           Industrious Ventures
                                                      November 26, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of Industrious Ventures, a venture capital firm focused
    on advancing America's industrial and aerospace leadership, I write to
    express our strong support for the swift confirmation of Mr. Jared
    Isaacman to serve as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and
    Space Administration (NASA).
        As you know, NASA is a large and strategically important agency
    that benefits significantly from stable leadership. The agency's
    responsibilities span human exploration, space science, aeronautics,
    technology development, and the inspiration of the next generation of
    great scientists and engineers. NASA is simultaneously preparing for
    sustained lunar operations under the Artemis Program, managing the
    transition to commercial Low Earth Orbit destinations, and advancing
    new programs in Earth observation and planetary science. These efforts
    occur against the backdrop of increasing geopolitical competition.
    Clear and consistent leadership will be essential as the agency makes
    decisions that could shape the balance of power in space and on the
    lunar surface for decades to come. For NASA to accomplish its long-term
    objectives of permanent lunar habitation and scientific exploration to
    better understand our place in the universe, it will require a
    knowledgeable and transparent leader who can empower the numerous
    stakeholders and contractors that support the Artemis Accords.
        Mr. Isaacman brings decades of operational, entrepreneurial, and
    technical experience that make him well suited to lead NASA at this
    pivotal time. His experience as commander of Inspiration4 and leader of
    the Polaris Program reflects his deep understanding of human
    spaceflight, mission preparation, crew safety, and spacecraft
    operations. His testimony before the committee earlier this year showed
    a clear appreciation for the strategic challenges facing the United
    States, as well as respect for Congress's oversight responsibilities.
    He has a comprehensive picture of the space industry and its
    geopolitical forces, he has a palpable urgency, and he is driven to
    ensure the U.S. plays the leading role in space development and
    exploration.
        Mr. Isaacman has also shown a sincere commitment to all aspects of
    NASA's mission portfolio, including science, aeronautics, technology,
    and lunar exploration. His perspective is particularly valuable as NASA
    continues to work closely with the commercial space sector. Companies
    across our portfolio, including Stoke Space, which is developing fully
    reusable launch systems, and Lunar Outpost, which is advancing lunar
    mobility and robotics, represent only a small part of the broad
    commercial ecosystem that relies on clear NASA leadership to guide
    standards, support partnerships, and cultivate long-term industrial
    growth. An informed Administrator is essential to ensuring that NASA
    and commercial partners can work together effectively and objectively
    to advance national interests and spread democratic values beyond earth
    and into the stars.
        On behalf of Industrious Ventures, we respectfully request that the
    committee prioritize Mr. Isaacman's confirmation, given the importance
    and urgency of NASA's responsibilities and his demonstrated alignment
    to NASA's mission.
                Sincerely,
                                                   Mason Angel,
                                                      Founding Partner,
                                                      Industrious Ventures.
                                                Taylor Sargent,
                                                               Partner,
                                                      Industrious Ventures.
                                     ______

                                             Intuitive Machines
                                                      26 November, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        On behalf of Intuitive Machines, I write in strong support of the
    swift confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman as the next Administrator of
    NASA.
        The United States is in a moment where execution and focus will
    determine whether we maintain our lead in the strategic high ground of
    space. Mr. Isaacman has already demonstrated an unambiguous commitment
    to mission outcomes, cost discipline, and the urgency that this era
    demands. His vision aligns directly with NASA's core mandate to achieve
    what no other nation or organization can.
        Furthermore, we at IM believe that there must be a whole-of-
    government effort to locate, extract, and secure lunar critical
    minerals before China can assert control over lunar commerce. As a
    Next-Gen Space Prime, we are ready to build, connect, and operate the
    essential infrastructure required to establish industrial enterprise on
    the Moon and create a sustainable path to Mars. This integrated
    capability stack directly supports Mr. Isaacman's objectives: pulling
    forward human exploration timelines, igniting a real orbital-to-lunar
    economy, and making NASA a force multiplier for science.
        IM strongly agrees with his emphasis on speed and accountability.
    Firm-fixed-price and service contracts that pay for performance are the
    approach required to regain American momentum.
        Mr. Isaacman understands the stakes, and that China is moving fast.
    The next three years will shape the balance of power in space, and NASA
    cannot afford incremental thinking or business-as-usual management.
        Mr. Isaacman brings the needed operational discipline, technical
    depth, and strategic clarity. For these reasons, Intuitive Machines
    urges the Committee to advance his nomination without hesitation.
                                               Stephen Altemus,
                                               Chief Executive Officer,
                                                        Intuitive Machines.
                                     ______

                                                  Impulse Space
                                                      November 13, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        On behalf of Impulse Space, I want to reiterate our strong support
    for the swift confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman as the Administrator
    of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
        The United States cannot afford to lose momentum in this defining
    decade for space leadership, and NASA stands at a pivotal moment. The
    agency needs leadership to guide it through an era of ambitious
    national goals in space exploration--an era defined by rapid innovation
    and unprecedented public-private collaboration.
        At Impulse Space, we build in-space mobility vehicles to accelerate
    our future beyond Earth. We know firsthand that the next great era of
    space exploration demands a NASA Administrator who understands and
    embraces the commercial sector's growing capabilities. Mr. Isaacman is
    that leader; an accomplished entrepreneur, innovator, and astronaut, he
    embodies the qualities needed to lead NASA into this next chapter of
    exploration. His leadership would bring renewed energy, efficiency, and
    partnership to an agency whose success depends on collaboration with
    the commercial space sector.
        The Senate has an opportunity to act decisively and ensure that
    NASA has the leadership it needs. We respectfully urge the Committee
    and the full Senate to move swiftly on Mr. Isaacman's confirmation so
    that he can begin leading NASA in this transformative moment for
    American space exploration.
        Thank you again for your thoughtful consideration and for your
    continued support of America's leadership in space.
                Sincerely,
                                                   Tom Mueller,
                                                                   CEO,
                                                             Impulse Space.
                                     ______

                                             Advanced Space LLC
                                     Westminster, CO, November 17, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chair,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        I write to you in my capacity as Chief Executive Officer of
    Advanced Space LLC, a U.S.-based aerospace services company committed
    to supporting national space policy, human spaceflight, and commercial
    partnerships--to express my strong support for the confirmation of
    Jared Isaacman as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
    Administration (NASA).
        Mr. Isaacman brings a rare combination of entrepreneurial vigor,
    operational aerospace experience, and a personal record of spaceflight.
    His background as a private astronaut, pilot, business leader, and
    space-mission pioneer positions him uniquely to help NASA navigate the
    evolving landscape of commercial space, international competition, and
    human exploration. Multiple organizations in the space sector, such as
    the Commercial Space Federation, have similarly recognized his
    qualifications and urged a timely confirmation.
        From our vantage at Advanced Space, this critical time in space
    exploration demands bold leadership at NASA. The United States is
    facing increasingly capable space competitors, and the commercial
    sector is moving at a pace that challenges traditional institutional
    models. Mr. Isaacman understands both sides of this coin--how
    government and commercial actors must collaborate, and how to execute
    ambitious missions with agility and accountability.
        I believe his leadership would serve NASA and the Nation in several
    key ways:

      1.  Bridging Government and Commercial Space. Mr. Isaacman's
            experience in privately funded spaceflight missions gives him
            an acute understanding of the commercial sector's capabilities,
            risks, and innovation cycles. That insight is valuable for NASA
            as it implements public-private partnerships, optimizes
            procurement, and leverages the commercial space economy for
            national benefit.

      2.  Business Leadership & Results Orientation. His entrepreneurial
            track record--building high-growth enterprises, managing risk,
            and delivering results--augments NASA's need for leadership
            that can manage large, complex programs while fostering
            innovation, cost discipline, and performance accountability.

      3.  Vision for Exploration and Inspiration. Mr. Isaacman has spoken
            clearly about advancing not only lunar objectives but also Mars
            and beyond, and about ensuring NASA remains a global leader in
            science, technology, exploration, and workforce inspiration.
            That vision aligns well with America's long-term strategic
            interest in space.

        At Advanced Space, our work frequently involves collaboration with
    NASA centers and we welcome leadership that is open to new modalities
    of partnership, mission assurance, cost-conscious execution, and
    renewed urgency. In Mr. Isaacman, we believe there is the potential to
    advance all of these.
        In closing, I respectfully urge the Committee to consider Mr.
    Isaacman's confirmation with priority and to forward his nomination
    favorably to the full Senate. America's next chapter in space
    exploration--human, robotic, and commercial--deserves leadership that
    matches the moment. I believe Mr. Isaacman is ready to lead.
        Thank you for your careful consideration of this endorsement. I am
    available to provide any further context or comment the Committee may
    require.
                Sincerely,
                                              Bradley Cheetham,
                                               Chief Executive Officer.
                                     ______

                                               Relativity Space
                                      Long Beach, CA, November 20, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        Relativity Space strongly supports the speedy confirmation of Jared
    Isaacman to serve as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and
    Space Administration (NASA). Relativity is developing Terran R, a
    medium-heavy reusable launch vehicle, which will launch from Cape
    Canaveral, FL next year. The company also undertakes ambitious research
    and development efforts focused on manufacturing and exploration
    applications tied to the Nation's most pressing requirements.
        Mr. Isaacman is the right leader for the agency at this inflection
    point for global competition in space. He is clearly committed to an
    ambitious vision of American exploration leadership, enabled by a
    diverse and competitive launch ecosystem. He is well-qualified to
    quickly and realistically assess the challenges facing the agency and
    take swift action to build on Secretary Duffy's commendable work to
    accelerate America's return to the Moon and win the race to Mars.
        As the primary commercial tenant at NASA Stennis Space Center,
    Relativity has partnered with NASA throughout the development of Terran
    R and will soon rely on NASA to enable the testing of hundreds of
    engines and dozens of integrated stages every year. Relativity is
    confident in Mr. Isaacman's support for Stennis, expanded commercial
    operations there, and maturing propulsion development and testing
    across the NASA enterprise.
        Mr. Isaacman has already completed an extensive vetting process,
    won broad bipartisan support in the Senate, and continuously
    demonstrated his commitment to work with Congress and all stakeholders
    on NASA's path to modernization. It is critical that he be confirmed
    this year. Continued uncertainty may not only lead to lasting
    consequences for NASA's civil servants, launch providers, and
    industrial base--but undermine hard-won American global leadership at a
    time of Chinese ascendancy in orbit.
        Relativity supports his confirmation without reservation and looks
    forward to continued partnership with NASA and this Committee.
                Sincerely,
                                                  Joshua Brost,
                                                 Chief Revenue Officer,
                                                     Relativity Space, Inc.
                                     ______

                                                    Space Tango
                                        Lexington KY, November 26, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        On behalf of Space Tango, I am writing to convey our strong support
    for the swift confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman to serve as
    Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    (NASA).
        Space Tango is an Implementation Partner for the ISS National
    Laboratory and a supporting partner on NASA's AVATAR program with it's
    maiden flight on Artemis II. Our mission is to build a robust
    commercial economy in low-Earth orbit and beyond, translating space-
    based research into meaningful terrestrial value across healthcare and
    medicine. NASA remains a vital partner in this mission, and effective
    execution of these efforts requires a confirmed Administrator with the
    vision and expertise to drive innovation and strengthen U.S. industry
    partnerships.
        Mr. Isaacman's decades of experience as an entrepreneur, business
    leader, and space pioneer uniquely position him for this role. His
    April 2025 testimony underscored a clear understanding of the strategic
    competition with China and NASA's critical role in sustaining American
    innovation and economic growth. We especially value his commitment to
    ensuring NASA remains a force-multiplier for science, a philosophy that
    aligns closely with Space Tango's work to translate research into
    commercial value.
        Mr. Isaacman's ingenuity, business acumen, and entrepreneurial
    spirit will strengthen NASA at a moment when the stakes for U.S.
    leadership could not be higher. On behalf of Space Tango, I
    respectfully urge the Committee to prioritize Mr. Isaacman's
    confirmation and provide NASA with the stable, dynamic leadership
    needed to advance the Nation's strategic and economic interests in
    space.
        Thank you for your consideration.
                Sincerely,
                                               Twyman Clements,
                                              President and Co-Founder,
                                                               Space Tango.
                                     ______

                                                       K2 Space
                                                       December 2, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz ,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation.Washington, DC

    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of K2 Space, a new space company manufacturing high power
    satellites at scale, we write to convey our strong support for the
    swift confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman to serve as Administrator of
    the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NASA plays a
    central and enduring role in America's scientific progress and economic
    competitiveness. As global competition intensifies, America's ability
    to maintain leadership in space exploration, cislunar development, and
    space-based science and research has never been more important.
        Mr. Isaacman's extensive experience as a business leader,
    entrepreneur, and space pioneer make him the right person to lead NASA
    into this new chapter. Many on our team have worked with Mr. Isaacman
    in the past and all have spoken about his unwavering commitment to the
    furthering of space exploration and science. A NASA Administrator who
    understands the value of public-private cooperation is essential to
    sustaining the agency's momentum over the past decade to leverage
    commercial space companies to accelerate innovation, reduce costs, and
    strengthen the U.S. industrial base.
        K2 Space was founded as a commercial space company with the
    ultimate goal of using its new class of spacecraft to explore and
    develop the solar system. We stand ready and eager to work with Mr.
    Isaacman to ensure that NASA's missions continue to benefit from the
    agility and technological strength of the U.S. commercial sector.
                Sincerely,
                                                  Karan Kunjur,
                                                    Co-Founder and CEO,
                                                                  K2 Space.
                                                   Neel Kunjur,
                                                    Co-Founder and CTO,
                                                                  K2 Space.
                                     ______

                                           Voyager Technologies
                                          Denver, CO, November 25, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of Voyager Technologies (VOYG NYSE), I am writing to send
    our wholehearted support for the swift confirmation of Mr. Jared
    Isaacman to serve as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and
    Space Administration (NASA).
        NASA plays an indispensable role in safeguarding America's
    leadership in space. At a moment when China is executing a long-term,
    centrally coordinated campaign to surpass the United States in low-
    Earth orbit (LEO), cislunar space, and deep space exploration, the need
    for Senate-confirmed leadership at NASA could not be more urgent.
    China's rapid advances--including its planned permanent presence on the
    lunar surface, partnerships with nations seeking alternatives to U.S.-
    led coalitions, and a concerted effort to dominate LEO as the ISS nears
    retirement--present a direct challenge to America's ability to shape
    norms, alliances, and the economic foundation of the space industrial
    base.
        Stable, confirmed leadership at NASA is essential to ensuring the
    United States does not experience a gap in human presence in LEO, a gap
    in national laboratory capabilities, or a gap in U.S. industrial
    momentum--all cornerstones of our national leadership in space for
    decades. The Administrator will be required to make crucial decisions
    regarding commercial destination development, cargo and crew services,
    and the long-term framework that will define America's post-ISS
    strategy in LEO and cislunar space. These decisions carry profound
    implications not only for exploration, but for national security,
    diplomacy, scientific research, and the emerging commercial space
    economy.
        Mr. Jared Isaacman is exceptionally qualified to guide NASA through
    this pivotal period. His experience as an entrepreneur and operator in
    complex, safety-critical environments, along with his achievements as a
    pioneering commercial astronaut, provides him with a rare combination
    of operational experience, technical insight, vision, and understanding
    of the importance of a robust commercial ecosystem. His testimony
    before the Committee in April 2025 demonstrated a clear understanding
    of the long-term strategic competition with China, and the strategic
    importance of accelerating U.S. progress in space commercialization. He
    also expressed strong support for Congress's oversight role and the
    statutory direction governing NASA's activities.
        Mr. Isaacman's record of innovation, mission execution, and
    commitment to public-private partnership aligns precisely with the
    challenges facing NASA today--from ensuring uninterrupted American
    presence in LEO, to strengthening Artemis, to advancing the
    technologies needed for exploration beyond the Moon. His leadership
    would provide NASA with the stability, technical acumen, and decisive
    management approach required to position NASA for long-term success.
        I respectfully urge the Committee to prioritize and expedite Mr.
    Isaacman's confirmation. The stakes for American leadership in space--
    scientific, economic, and strategic--could not be higher.
                Sincerely,
                                                  Dylan Taylor,
                                                      Chairman and CEO,
                                                      Voyager Technologies.
                                     ______

                                                     Vaya Space
                                            Cocoa, FL, December 1, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of Vaya Space, a space and defense company located in the
    Space Coast of Florida, I am writing to express our support for the
    confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman to serve as Administrator of the
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
        Vaya Space is focused on advancing hybrid propulsion, improving
    launch safety, and strengthening the small-launch ecosystem in the
    United States. NASA's leadership directly affects how emerging
    technologies mature, how new launch capabilities are integrated, and
    how the United States maintains competitiveness in an evolving global
    space environment. We believe Mr. Isaacman would provide steady,
    practical leadership that supports these goals.
        Mr. Isaacman's background gives him a working understanding of the
    needs of payload customers and the realities faced by launch providers.
    His experience supporting commercial missions and investing in new
    technologies reflects an appreciation for the importance of expanding
    domestic launch capacity and encouraging a wider range of American
    launch solutions.
        On behalf of the entire Vaya Space team, I respectfully request
    that you prioritize Mr. Isaacman's confirmation.
                Sincerely,
                                              Kevin Lowdermilk,
                                               Chief Executive Officer,
                                                                Vaya Space.
                                     ______

                                                 Plan Z Capital
                                                      November 28, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, D.C.
    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Re: Letter of Support for Jared Isaacman as NASA Administrator

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        On behalf of Plan Z Capital, I am writing to convey my strongest
    support for the confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman to serve as the next
    Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
        My name is Tejpaul Bhatia and I am the founder and CEO of Plan Z
    Capital, the economic operating system for space. I was most recently
    CEO of Axiom Space and prior to that a long time entrepreneur and tech
    executive.
        I joined the space industry five years ago with a clear mission: to
    commercialize space. In that short time, I demonstrated how trust,
    consistency, and an unwavering belief in achieving the impossible drove
    billions of dollars of undeniable value, revenue, and capital into the
    global space economy. In my time at Axiom, I worked closely with NASA
    and the former administrator to expand access to space for everyone
    through the historic Axiom human spaceflight missions that put India,
    Italy, Poland, Sweden, Hungary, Turkiye, and Saudi Arabia in space,
    alongside commercial partners like Amazon, Dallara, Oakley, Nokia,
    Prada, and many others.
        I mention this track record to highlight a critical reality:
    outsiders drive outsized impact.
        As I transition to launching and building Plan Z Capital, I
    recognize that the space market is ripe for business model innovation
    across all sectors. However, the status quo--``Plan A''-is too linear,
    conventional, and predictable. It relies on accepting yesterday's
    approach. For NASA to maintain American leadership in an increasingly
    contested global domain, Plan A is no longer enough.
        We need an asymmetric leap. We need leadership that has the
    audacity to find the win when there is no playbook. Mr. Isaacman
    represents the ``Plan Z'' mindset. He does not simply accept the first
    answer; he taps into collective exceptionalism to engineer the
    inevitable. His track record with Shift4 and the Polaris Program
    demonstrates that he understands what it takes to take civilization
    off-planet. He understands that with government support as the
    foundation, global investors need the financial and geo-political
    infrastructure to back endeavors that push the frontier.
        The time for commercial space is now. The ``now'' is ours to build.
    Mr. Isaacman possesses the ingenuity, the commercial acumen, and the
    perspective required to ensure NASA does not just oversee the future,
    but actively defines it.
        I urge the committee to confirm Jared Isaacman as NASA
    Administrator.
                Sincerely,
                                                Tejpaul Bhatia,
                                                       Founder and CEO,
                                                        Plan Z Capital Inc.
                                     ______

                                      Seagate Space Corporation
                                                      November 30, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Members of the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and
        Transportation:

        As the Chief Executive Officer of Seagate Space Corporation, a
    maritime venture developing offshore infrastructure for the space
    industry, I am writing to convey our company's support for the swift
    confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman to serve as Administrator of the
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
        The United States stands at a critical juncture in the global race
    for space innovation. As China accelerates its investments in advanced
    aerospace capabilities, our Nation must ensure that innovation keeps
    pace--not only through government programs but by empowering commercial
    solutions that can move faster and take calculated risks. NASA will
    remain the cornerstone of America's space ambitions, but its success
    increasingly depends on partnership with private entities who can
    complement government efforts with agility and boldness. I believe
    Jared Isaacman is an exemplar of this imperative that our Nation can
    rally around.
        Mr. Isaacman's record as a bold entrepreneur and risk taker
    underscores why his nomination is timely for NASA. He has shown a
    willingness to push boundaries that show the best of collaboration
    between private industry and NASA, done with his own capital and
    directly participating in the missions. These qualities and firsthand
    experience are essential for maintaining U.S. leadership in an era
    where speed, adaptability, and innovation are decisive. I look forward
    to seeing the impact Mr. Isaacman can have when he is entrusted with
    the resources of NASA, a national jewel that has put the fingerprints
    of our Nation upon the heavens.
        I respectfully request that you prioritize Mr. Isaacman's
    confirmation and express our full support for him as NASA's next
    administrator.
                Sincerely,
                                              Michael Anderson,
                                               Chief Executive Officer,
                                                 Seagate Space Corporation.
                                     ______

                                                  Johns Hopkins
                                     Applied Physics Laboratory
                                                      November 12, 2025

    Ranking Member Chris Van Hollen,
    Washington, DC.

    Senator Angela Alsobrooks,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Ranking Member Van Hollen and Senator Alsobrooks:

        I am writing to convey my full support for the confirmation of Mr.
    Jared Isaacman as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
    Administration (NASA). NASA and Maryland will both benefit from Jared's
    leadership as NASA Administrator.
        I've spent my 35-year career working across the U.S. space program
    as a NASA civil servant, an aerospace engineering faculty member in
    academia, and as the NASA Chief Technologist in 2010 and 2011. I also
    led multiple space science teams at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
    before joining APL.
        Our nation needs a strong NASA, and that requires decisive and
    innovative leadership. Jared Isaacman will bring these qualities to the
    Agency. He possesses deep experience across aeronautics and space, has
    worked with NASA to push humanity's boundaries outward, and understands
    that U.S. space leadership is of paramount importance to our Nation
    today. Jared has expressed to me his strong desire to improve and
    expedite NASA's space science enterprise, which the Nation and Maryland
    need now more than ever.
        Jared cares deeply about the balanced, multi-mission nature of the
    Agency and its talented people. As you know, Jared bravely led two
    spaceflight missions himself and conducted the first-ever spacewalk by
    a private astronaut. From my conversations with Jared, I am confident
    he has what it takes to lead NASA during this important time, as the
    Nation looks to return to the Moon, go to Mars, and execute first-of-a-
    kind space science missions that are crucial to our society and engage
    the science and technology community across the state of Maryland.
        I ask that you meet with Jared and support him in the upcoming
    confirmation process in the Senate. NASA is in need of decisive and
    stable leadership to achieve its ambitious goals. I know that Jared is
    the right person to lead the Agency at this time.
                Sincerely,
                                               Robert D. Braun,
                                        Head, Space Exploration Sector.
    cc: Chairman Ted Cruz
    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell
                                     ______

                                                  Redwire Space
                                Jacksonville, Florida, December 1, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of all of us at Redwire Space with facilities across the
    United States including Indiana, Colorado, Massachusetts, and New
    Mexico, it is our pleasure to express strong support for the
    confirmation of Jared Isaacman as NASA Administrator.
        Mr. Isaacman has a singular background with an unprecedented
    understanding of the private sector. For example, we're grateful that
    Mr. Isaacman has already noted the importance of space-based
    pharmaceutical and biotech development. At Redwire, via our
    BioFabrication Facility on the International Space Station (ISS), we
    printed the first ever human meniscus in space, and also printed live
    cardiovascular tissue, which was returned to Earth while still live.
    The ability to leverage the microgravity environment to print biologic
    tissues and eventually whole organs in space has tremendous potential.
    Additionally, we have flown 42 Pharmaceutical In-Space Laboratories
    (PIL-BOXes) on the ISS, which have demonstrated that larger and more
    uniform pharmaceutical seed crystals can be grown in the microgravity
    environment, which can then be used to create new drug formulations
    with better efficacy, longevity, and fewer side effects. The space and
    biotech fields are about to merge in a way that will transform both
    industries, and we believe Mr. Isaacman is ideally suited to support
    and accelerate this technological revolution.
        As a commercial entrepreneur, Mr. Isaacman has an innate
    understanding of the private sector and the support companies will need
    to transform ideas into reality. NASA is at an inflection point with
    the introduction of commercial space stations, and Mr. Isaacman has
    substantial commercial and even human spaceflight experience that will
    allow him to guide the agency through this critical period. NASA must
    ensure that America remains the global leader in microgravity,
    research, development, and manufacturing and, again, we're confident
    that Mr. Isaacman's background is uniquely suited to ensure that
    America maintains a continuous crewed presence in Low Earth Orbit
    (LEO), avoids a gap in crewed operations, and always has more
    capabilities and astronauts in LEO than China or other adversary
    nations.
        Moreover, America must beat China to the Moon and on the Moon. We
    believe that Mr. Isaacman can guarantee this occurs by leveraging the
    incredible work that was done to secure vital funding in the One Big
    Beautiful Bill Act. As an astronaut who enjoys the endorsement of
    numerous other astronauts, we're confident that Mr. Isaacman is
    personally dedicated to making certain that America and its
    international partners reach the Moon before China. Additionally, with
    the funding provided by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, we also believe
    Mr. Isaacman will support the creation of critical infrastructure such
    as Gateway, to enable long-duration stays on the Moon while maintaining
    American credibility, relationships, and contributions from our
    important international partners here on Earth.
        Finally, we believe Mr. Isaacman will bring a new and vital energy
    to NASA, looking at enhanced efficiencies such as centralizing human
    spaceflight at Johnson Space Center, creative public-private
    partnerships, and ensuring that NASA plays a pro-active role in
    addressing regulatory challenges such as export control, obsolete
    planetary protection policies, and adopting a pro-growth mission
    authorization regime.
        For all of these reasons, we respectfully request that you support
    the confirmation of Mr. Isaacman with alacrity. If I can provide
    additional information or answer questions, please feel free to reach
    out to me at any time. My e-mail address is
    Michael.Gold@redwirespace.com and my cell phone number is (202) 997-
    3230.
        Thank you for your time and attention to this nomination.
                Sincerely,
                                                  Michael Gold,
                           President, Civil and International Business,
                                                             Redwire Space.
                                     ______

                                              SmallSat Alliance
                                                       December 1, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Subject: SmallSat Alliance--Letter of Support for Jared lsaacman

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of the SmallSat Alliance, representing more than SO
    companies across America's rapidly growing commercial space sector. I
    write to express our strong support for the swift confirmation of Mr.
    Jared lsaacman as Administrator of NASA
        NASA is entering one of the most consequential periods in its
    history. China is executing a centralized, state-directed strategy to
    challenge U.S. leadership across human spaceflight, cislunar
    operations, science, and Earth observation. Beijing is seeking to
    proliferate its standards, secure coalitions contrary to American
    goals, and dominate the space technology leadership that will shape the
    next SO years in space. In this environment, NASA requires confirmed
    leadership with the credibility to move fast, partner effectively, and
    leverage America's innovation economy and free-market industrial base.
        Over the last 15 years, NASA has pioneered and perfected the
    public-private partnership model that has become the backbone of U.S.
    space success. Commercial Cargo and Crew, Commercial Lunar Payload
    Services, and the emerging commercial space station ecosystem have
    proven that competition, private capital, and commercially derived
    architectures deliver capability with greater speed, lower cost, and
    far greater resilience. These models have been so successful that the
    Department of Defense is now following them as it shifts away from
    legacy, monolithic systems.
        NASA's Earth Science division has similarly led the Federal
    government in adopting hybrid space architectures by integrating
    commercial small satellites, hosted payloads, and commercial data
    services to improve revisit rates and global coverage. These hybrid
    approaches are enhancing national resilience and provide climate and
    environmental insights essential to policymakers, farmers, emergency
    managers, and scientists at a fraction of traditional program costs. We
    must continue to evolve and perfect these approaches as China races to
    deploy its own global remote sensing and environmental monitoring
    systems.
        Mr. lsaacman is uniquely qualified to advance this strategy. As an
    entrepreneur, operator, and space pioneer, he has spent decades proving
    that competitive, commercial approaches can meet national needs better
    and faster than traditional models. His testimony before this Committee
    in April 2025 demonstrated a clear understanding of the long-term
    strategic competition with China and the need for NASA to continue
    leaning into the commercial partnerships it created and perfected. He
    recognizes that maintaining U.S. leadership will require broadening and
    making even more competitive the successful frameworks that have made
    America the global leader in launch, human spaceflight, and space-based
    services. '
        For these reasons, and on behalf of the members of the SmallSat
    Alliance, I respectfully urge you to prioritize Mr. Isaacman's
    confirmation. The United States cannot afford further delay. NASA needs
    a leader who understands that America
    wins in space by harnessing the speed, innovation, and competitive
    power of its commercial sector.
        Thank you for your consideration.
                Sincerely,
                                               Dr. Angel Smith,
                                                    Executive Director,
                                                         SmallSat Alliance.
                                     ______

                                                         Sedaro
                                                       December 2, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chair,
    Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
    United States Senate
    Washington, DC
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        On behalf of Sedaro, I am writing to express our strong support for
    the nomination of Mr. Jared Isaacman as the next Administrator of NASA.
    His operational experience, commercial leadership, and commitment to
    U.S. space innovation aligns directly with the transformational moment
    NASA now faces.
        Sedaro's origins trace to NASA-supported research that helped
    catalyze our technical foundation. Yet as we scaled, structural and
    bureaucratic hurdles made it difficult for emerging, modern commercial
    solutions to transition from R&D into operational use. That experience
    gives us a clear perspective: NASA's talent and ingenuity are
    unmatched, but traditional acquisition processes often prevent the
    agency from fully benefiting from the speed, flexibility, and
    innovation now commonplace in the commercial sector.
        Mr. Isaacman is precisely the kind of leader who can bridge that
    gap. His record across commercial spaceflight, high-performance
    aviation, and advanced mission architecture demonstrates technical
    fluency, disciplined execution, and a deep understanding of how
    commercial and government capabilities must work together to keep NASA
    at the forefront of global space leadership.
        This leadership is especially critical in today's rapidly evolving
    and increasingly contested threat environment. U.S. competitors are
    accelerating development cycles and tightly integrating commercial-
    military space capabilities. NASA plays a foundational role in the
    broader U.S. space enterprise, with significant spillover into civil
    space, national security, and dual-use technologies. Few leaders
    understand this full landscape as clearly as Mr. Isaacman.
        Mr. Isaacman has repeatedly championed the digital-first approaches
    necessary to transform how complex programs are conceived, tested, and
    delivered. Under his leadership, NASA can meaningfully accelerate this
    transformation, enabling the agency to:

       Adopt modern digital engineering as a core mission
            capability;

       Accelerate collaboration with innovative commercial
            partners;

       Strengthen the U.S. industrial base through dual-use, space-
            relevant technologies;

       And reestablish itself as the global standard for technical
            excellence and rapid program execution.

        NASA needs a leader with both pragmatic operational judgment and an
    aspirational vision for the future. Mr. Isaacman brings the discipline
    of an operator, the urgency of an entrepreneur, and the imagination of
    an explorer. His nomination is an opportunity to modernize the agency,
    inspire the nation, and ensure U.S. advantage across civil and national
    security space domains.
        Sedaro stands ready to support the agency's forthcoming
    modernization efforts and to deepen collaboration with NASA under his
    leadership. We strongly endorse his nomination.
                Sincerely,
                                              Robbie Robertson,
                                                    CEO and Co-Founder,
                                                                    Sedaro.
                                     ______

                                             Space for Humanity
                                                       December 2, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        Space for Humanity offers its support for Mr. Jared Isaacman as the
    next NASA Administrator.
        The United States stands at a critical juncture in space
    exploration. Global competitors are accelerating their capabilities,
    commercial industry is advancing at an unprecedented rate, and NASA's
    role as a scientific, economic, and diplomatic engine has never been
    more important. This moment demands a leader with strategic vision,
    operational rigor, and a deep understanding of the rapidly evolving
    space ecosystem. In short, this moment requires Mr. Isaacman. He is
    uniquely positioned to provide the vision, leadership, and stability
    NASA needs at this pivotal moment in its history.
        Mr. Isaacman's track record speaks for itself. As an entrepreneur,
    aviator, and pioneering commercial astronaut, he has demonstrated the
    rare combination of technical fluency, risk-aware leadership, and long-
    term vision the agency needs. He has not only participated in the
    modern commercial space revolution, he has helped launch it.
        America's commitment to space exploration has fueled many of
    humanity's greatest scientific and technological achievements. For more
    than 60 years, NASA has pushed the boundaries of discovery, deepened
    our understanding of the universe, and reminded us of our shared place
    in the cosmos. A bold, science-driven NASA will not only lead the world
    in returning us to the Moon and venturing on to Mars, but will also
    galvanize billions of onlookers, expand humanity's collective
    perspective, and help chart our course to becoming a truly spacefaring
    species. The agency's future hinges on the ability to unite science,
    exploration, innovation, and national competitiveness under a coherent,
    forward-looking strategy. Mr. Isaacman understands that a strong
    commercial space sector strengthens NASA, and a strong NASA uplifts the
    entire ecosystem.
        While organizations like ours do not endorse political nominees, we
    deeply recognize the importance of stable, visionary leadership at
    NASA. It is for these reasons that we respectfully urge this committee
    to advance Mr. Isaacman's nomination. He has earned the trust of those
    building America's space future, and we are confident he will bring
    principled, forward-looking leadership to NASA at a moment when it
    matters most.
        At Space for Humanity, we have long championed a future in which
    space is accessible, inclusive, and transformative for all people. We
    believe space is a catalyst for positive change. We thank you and the
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation for your
    consideration of this nomination, your ongoing legislative work, and
    for your continued dedication to America's leadership in space.
                Respectfully,
                                                   Ryan Kriser,
                                          Chairman, Board of Directors,
                                                        Space For Humanity.
                                              Antonio Peronace,
                                                    Executive Director,
                                                        Space for Humanity.
                                     ______

                                          The Spaceport Company
                                                      November 30, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
    Washington, DC.
    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        NASA is in crisis. Lacking strategic direction, NASA's workforce,
    effectiveness, and international prestige are deteriorating. The United
    States desperately needs NASA to succeed to protect American national
    security. NASA plays an essential role countering malign foreign
    interests on the global stage, incubating bleeding edge technologies,
    deepening allied relationships, and motivating American youth to pursue
    challenging technical careers. A great NASA means a safer and more
    prosperous world for all Americans, and a more inspirational future for
    all humankind.
        Mr. Jared Isaacman is the right person to restore NASA's greatness.
    He is accomplished yet modest, a technologist and a successful
    entrepreneur. In short, he is a person with the expertise, intellect,
    and temperament to advance America's national interests, revitalize
    NASA's workforce, and help America lead humanity to new frontiers in
    space.
        Mr. Isaacman's hearing before the committee in April 2025
    demonstrated his understanding of the near and long-term competition
    with China, as well as his respect for Congress's oversight
    responsibilities and the laws directing NASA's activities. Furthermore,
    Mr. Isaacman has shown his commitment to all parts of NASA--space
    science, space technology, aeronautics, and human exploration. Mr.
    Isaacman brings ingenuity, business acumen, technical know-how, and a
    deep passion to this role, which will position NASA to overcome its
    near-term challenges, and thrive over the long-term.
        Therefore, I respectfully request you prioritize Mr. Isaacman's
    confirmation, given the criticality of NASA's many ongoing missions to
    American national security.
                Sincerely,
                                            Mr. Thomas Marotta,
                                                                   CEO,
                                                     The Spaceport Company.
                                     ______

                                        U.S. Travel Association
                                       Washington, DC, December 2, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        As the leading voice of the travel industry, the U.S. Travel
    Association strongly supports the nomination of Steven Haines to serve
    as Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Analysis, and we
    urge his swift confirmation.
        The Department of Commerce plays a significant role in stimulating
    economic growth and prosperity in the United States, enhancing the
    international competitiveness of American industries, and promoting
    U.S. exports. Over the next decade, the United States will host an
    unprecedented number of global events, including America's 250th
    anniversary, the 2026 FIFA World Cup, the 2028 Summer Olympic and
    Paralympic Games in Los Angeles, and the 2034 Winter Olympic and
    Paralympic Games in Salt Lake City. These landmark events present
    extraordinary economic opportunities for communities across the country
    and will place the United States at the center of global attention.
        Travel is one of America's largest exports, and international
    visitors to the United States generate substantial revenue for our
    economy, contributing $181 billion in U.S. exports in 2024. At the same
    time, we are projected to reach a $60 billion travel trade deficit by
    the end of this year, underscoring the urgent need for strong,
    coordinated Federal leadership to grow inbound travel and maximize our
    share of the global travel market. In this context, the role of the
    Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Analysis is more
    important than ever. Through leadership of the National Travel and
    Tourism Office and coordination with federal, state, and local
    partners, the Assistant Secretary plays a critical role in developing
    and implementing strategies to expand travel exports, strengthen
    America's economic competitiveness, and ensure we fully capitalize on
    the opportunities presented by this upcoming decade of major global
    events.
        Mr. Haines brings a deep understanding of economic and
    international policy, legislative affairs, and the interagency process,
    and he is exceptionally well positioned to lead these efforts at a
    pivotal moment for the Nation. His experience will be invaluable in
    advancing a strategic approach to boost travel exports and support
    American jobs and communities nationwide.
        It is crucial that we are prepared to maximize the opportunities of
    the major events that lie ahead. We look forward to working closely
    with Mr. Haines upon his confirmation, and we urge the Committee to
    report his nomination favorably to the full Senate as soon as possible.
    Thank you for your attention to this matter.
                Sincerely,
                                                 Geoff Freeman,
                                                     President and CEO,
                                                   U.S. Travel Association.
                                     ______

                                                    Stoke Space
                                                      November 24, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of Stoke Space, a Washington-based startup building the
    next-generation of fully reusable launch vehicles, I am writing to
    express strong support for Mr. Jared Isaacman's nomination as the
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Administrator.
        As I noted during the Economist Space Summit on November 5, it is
    important for our national space program to have a clear direction and
    concrete future. Mr. Isaacman's distinguished record as an
    entrepreneur, business leader and commercial space pioneer renders him
    uniquely qualified for this critical role. He has demonstrated vision,
    discipline, and a proven ability to build and guide successful, high-
    performing organizations. His direct experience commanding the
    Inspiration4 and Polaris Dawn missions, coupled with his commitment to
    innovation, reflects both the spirit and the practical expertise
    necessary to guide NASA into its next era.
        NASA's mission is vital to maintaining America's leadership in
    space exploration, scientific discovery, and technological advancement.
    Evolving this mission, as competition with peer and near-peer
    adversaries in space intensifies, will require tenacity, creativity and
    increasingly close collaboration with America's vibrant and growing
    commercial space ecosystem. Ultimately, it is the dynamism of our
    private sector coupled with NASA's proud tradition of pushing the
    boundaries of what is possible that will preserve and strengthen
    America's competitive edge in space. Mr. Isaacman's first-hand
    knowledge of our domestic commercial space sector and his commitment to
    advancing the cause of American primacy in space will ensure that our
    national space program has a clear direction and a concrete future.
        We look forward to working closely with both Mr. Isaacman and our
    stakeholders on the Commerce Committee in the coming years to preserve
    and enhance American leadership in space. I respectfully encourage you
    and your colleagues to support Mr. Isaacman's confirmation as NASA
    Administrator.
        Thank you for your consideration.
                Sincerely,
                                                    Andy Lapsa,
                                                                   CEO,
                                                               Stoke Space.
                                     ______

                                                  Starlab Space
                                                      November 26, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of Starlab Space, I am writing to express our strong
    support for the swift confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman to serve as
    Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    (NASA).
        NASA's leadership is foundational to sustaining America's
    preeminence in human space exploration. Today, China is executing a
    long-term strategy to expand its influence in space--establishing
    permanent operations in low-Earth orbit (LEO) as quickly as possible,
    pursuing sustained activity on the lunar surface, and deepening
    commercial and governmental partnerships with nations seeking
    alternatives to U.S.-led coalitions. As China accelerates these efforts
    and increasingly seeks to shape international norms and alignment, it
    is essential that the United States maintain a continuous human
    presence in LEO, advance the Artemis campaign, and ensure a seamless
    transition from the International Space Station (ISS) to commercial
    destinations. These are strategic imperatives that will determine
    whether the United States or China sets the standards for the next era
    of human spaceflight.
        Starlab Space is proud to partner with NASA during this pivotal
    moment in history. We are constructing a next-generation commercial
    space station, built here in the U.S., supporting microgravity
    research, human spaceflight operations, and long-duration missions
    critical for the scientific community, commercial users, and
    international partners, as well as our national security. Delivering
    this capability on the timeline required to avoid a gap in permanent
    LEO presence is essential to ensuring the United States does not
    relinquish leadership to China. Doing so also demands clear, stable,
    Senate-confirmed leadership at NASA; leadership capable of guiding the
    agency's decisions on commercial destination development, LEO crew and
    cargo services, and the policy and programmatic frameworks that will
    define America's post-ISS future.
        Mr. Isaacman understands what is at stake for the nations and
    brings a uniquely relevant combination of operational experience,
    technical proficiency, and firsthand understanding of human
    spaceflight. His accomplishments as an entrepreneur, mission commander,
    and commercial astronaut give him a rare perspective on the realities
    of crewed space operations and the role that innovative public-private
    partnerships must play in advancing national objectives. His engagement
    with policymakers and the broader space community reflects a clear
    grasp of the strategic competition unfolding in space and the urgent
    need to strengthen U.S. leadership across LEO and beyond.
        On behalf of Starlab Space and our employees, I respectfully urge
    the Committee to advance Mr. Isaacman's confirmation without delay. His
    leadership will provide NASA with the strategic focus, operational
    credibility, and forward-leaning vision necessary to fortify America's
    position in LEO, advance human spaceflight, and ensure that the United
    States remains the world's leader in exploration for decades to come.
                Sincerely,
                                                Marshall Smith,
                                               Chief Executive Officer,
                                                             Starlab Space.
                                     ______

                                       Selene Space Corporation
                                                      November 26, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation.
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of Selene Space Corporation, I am writing to express my
    strong support for the nomination of Mr. Jared Isaacman to serve as the
    next Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
    Administration.
        Selene is a new American orbital infrastructure company focused on
    ensuring that the United States maintains leadership in low Earth orbit
    (LEO) and on the Moon. We are building the next generation of large
    commercial space stations designed to replace and augment the volume
    and capabilities of the International Space Station and to anchor
    American industrial, commercial, and international activity in space.
    Expandable habitat technology is the foundation of our platforms and
    provides a superior solution for commercial activity in LEO, long-
    duration exploration missions as well as sustainable human habitation
    on the lunar surface.
        The United States cannot afford gaps in orbital infrastructure, as
    these gaps have direct implications for national security, economic
    prosperity, and global leadership. Robust commercial stations and a
    sustained lunar presence are essential elements of a stable space
    architecture that protects American interests and ensures our
    competitors cannot define the rules of the domain. This is a pivotal
    national transition, and it requires a NASA Administrator with
    operational experience, strategic vision, and the ability to unite
    government, industry, and global partners.
        I want to express my immense appreciation to Chairman Cruz for his
    consistent leadership in highlighting the importance of the Moon to
    America's long-term strategic and economic position in space, and for
    his ongoing support of a strong and stable NASA budget. His recognition
    and appreciation that lunar activity will shape the next several
    decades of global positioning is both timely and essential.
        Mr. Isaacman brings a rare combination of qualifications. He has
    commanded multiple orbital missions giving him firsthand understanding
    of human spaceflight operations, mission preparation, and the
    engineering and safety discipline required for NASA's work. He also has
    more than two decades of experience building and leading high-
    performance companies in aviation and technology, demonstrating the
    ability to manage complex programs, develop technical workforces, and
    deliver ambitious long-term goals. In fact, I think he may be the most
    uniquely qualified candidate to ever lead NASA.
        He understands the strategic environment facing the United States.
    LEO is becoming the industrial foundation of the space economy, and
    without a capable successor to the ISS, America risks losing its
    central role in that ecosystem. Competitive pressure is already evident
    as China expands the Tiangong space station and offers anticompetitive
    alternatives to international partners, creating an increasingly
    difficult environment for U.S. commercial station providers to
    withstand. The Moon is rapidly emerging as the front line for
    geopolitical influence, and we risk surrendering the next great
    economic frontier, a domain rich with critical materials, energy
    potential, and infrastructure advantages that could define twenty-
    first-century supply chains. Other nations are moving quickly, forming
    coalitions, and investing in infrastructure that will shape their
    global posture for decades.
        NASA needs an Administrator who understands that this moment is
    defined by robust infrastructure, strategic advantage, and the urgency
    of timely execution. Mr. Isaacman has the operational grounding,
    leadership experience, and long-horizon perspective required to guide
    the agency through this transition. His background aligns with the
    needs of NASA as it prepares for robust commercial LEO infrastructure
    and a sustained American presence on the lunar surface.
        For these reasons, I respectfully urge the Committee to advance his
    nomination. His leadership will strengthen the Nation's position in low
    Earth orbit, support meaningful cislunar and lunar activity, and ensure
    that the United States remains the partner of choice for industry and
    international collaboration.
        Thank you for your consideration.
                Warmly,
                                             Blair Bigelow May,
                                                       Founder and CEO,
                                                  Selene Space Corporation.
                                     ______

                            Caffeinated Capital Management, LLC
                                            Aspen, CO, December 3, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        On behalf of Caffeinated Capital Management, LLC (Caffeinated
    Capital), a venture capital firm supporting technology leaders
    delivering critical space capabilities to the United States, I am
    writing to convey my support for the confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman
    to serve as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
    Administration (NASA).
        Caffeinated Capital has significant investments in enterprises
    advancing the technological primacy of the United States in the space
    domain. Our portfolio includes Varda Space, which is delivering
    critical cost-efficient in-space manufacturing and hypersonic reentry
    capabilities to the United States; Antares Nuclear, which is developing
    small modular nuclear reactors addressing terrestrial and space-based
    strategic energy needs; and Amca, Hadrian, and Senra Systems, which are
    delivering critical domestic manufacturing capabilities in service of
    our world-leading aerospace and defense industrial base.
        Mr. Isaacman's commitment to American astronauts and their future
    endeavors in space, deep respect for the technologies and world-class
    industries essential to our leadership in the space domain, and focus
    on sustainable paths forward for NASA have prepared him to steward the
    agency as it continually asserts American leadership in space
    technology and science.
        NASA sits at a critical moment in its history. I believe that Mr.
    Isaacman's dedication to American spacefaring and bold vision for the
    future of the agency warrants his swift confirmation as the fifteenth
    Administrator of NASA. Thank you for taking the time to consider our
    input.
                                               Raymond Tonsing,
                                                                Member,
                                       Caffeinated Capital Management, LLC.
                                     ______

                                              Type One Ventures
                                           Malibu, CA, December 1, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        I am writing to express my strong support for Mr. Jared Isaacman as
    the next Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
    Administration (NASA). As a Partner at Type One Ventures, a venture
    capital firm dedicated to advancing the U.S. space economy, I have the
    privilege of working closely with founders and companies that are
    expanding American leadership in space, creating high-quality jobs
    across the country, and driving substantial economic growth. Most
    recently, I aligned with Mr. Isaacman for my Breakthrough Summit
    featuring 80 New Frontier leaders.
        At Type One Ventures, we back frontier-technology and space
    companies that are directly furthering U.S. competitiveness. Our
    portfolio includes organizations building next-generation launch
    systems, in-space logistics, defense-critical capabilities, and
    enabling technologies essential for the emerging commercial space
    infrastructure. These companies operate at the intersection of
    innovation and national strategy, and the success of their missions
    depends on stable, forward-thinking leadership at NASA.
        Throughout my work in this sector, it has become clear that Jared
    Isaacman embodies the experience, vision, and operational discipline
    required to guide NASA at this pivotal moment. His record as a mission
    commander, entrepreneur, and private-sector leader demonstrates a level
    of commitment and technical fluency suited to the agency's current
    challenges. Mr. Isaacman not only understands the dynamics of the
    commercial space ecosystem, but he has also helped shape it. His
    leadership has inspired a generation of engineers, builders, and
    investors who are directly contributing to America's economic and
    strategic strength.
        NASA now stands at the center of a rapidly evolving global space
    landscape. With China and other competitors accelerating their
    capabilities, the United States must ensure that its civil space
    program is led by an administrator who can integrate innovation,
    safety, economic growth, and long-term national interest. Mr.
    Isaacman's experience pioneering private human spaceflight, supporting
    key national innovations, and fostering partnerships across commercial
    and defense sectors positions him exceptionally well to steward NASA's
    next era.
        For these reasons, I respectfully urge the Committee to move
    forward with Mr. Isaacman's confirmation. He has earned the confidence
    of entrepreneurs, investors, engineers, and mission leaders across the
    space economy, and he has my strongest support.
        Thank you for your consideration and for your continued leadership
    on matters vital to America's future in space.
                Respectfully,
                                                   Ryan Kriser,
                                                               Partner,
                                                         Type One Ventures.
                                     ______

                                                Planet Labs PBC
                                                      November 17, 2025
    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    U.S. Senate,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    U.S. Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        We write to express our strong support for the nomination of Jared
    lsaacman to serve as the next Administrator of the National Aeronautics
    and Space Administration (NASA) and urge you to advance his nomination
    swiftly. Mr. lsaacman is a visionary entrepreneur who demonstrates the
    leadership and passion that would enable him to lead NASA into the
    future as we push to expand our understanding of the Earth and explore
    our solar system.
        If confirmed as Administrator, Mr. lsaacman will drive innovation
    in NASA's collaborations across the space ecosystem. We are confident
    he will leverage technology and reimagine space exploration by
    capitalizing on the many advancements of our Nation's commercial space
    sector. His commitment to commercial space will redefine NASA's
    partnerships, advance national space priorities, and get more missions
    into space faster with greater cost efficiency, strengthening U.S.
    leadership.
        Further, Mr. lsaacman's deep appreciation of science will advance
    NASA's role in maintaining U.S. leadership with international partners
    in cutting edge scientific discoveries over China. He understands we
    need to create opportunities for the U.S. to remain at the forefront of
    human space exploration while simultaneously expanding humanity's
    knowledge through scientific discovery. Importantly, Mr. lsaacman
    values the role of scientific discovery to improve our understanding
    and management of natural disasters like wildfires and flooding, border
    security, land and water management, agriculture, national security,
    and countless commercial sectors. He also appreciates the capabilities
    of the commercial space industry to complement and supplement NASA and
    other international data sets to advance these applications and improve
    decision making in our communities.
        We also appreciate Mr. lsaacman's interest in engaging with the
    private sector, academia, and the scientific community to develop new
    ideas to sustain scientific observations, accelerate getting new
    scientific instruments on orbit, and push the boundaries of scientific
    discovery by leveraging the best of NASA, industry, and academia.
    Planet has pioneered innovative pubic private partnerships by engaging
    with NASA JPL, central to the Carbon Mapper coalition and the
    development of the Tanager spacecraft. This is a collaboration that can
    serve as a template for other NASA-commercial collaborations that can
    drive innovation, develop more science missions faster, and deliver
    cost savings across government.
        Jared lsaacman's experience as an astronaut, his understanding of
    commercial space capabilities, and his executive experience will help
    him lead NASA through the next phase of exploration, scientific
    discovery, and innovation. We wholeheartedly support his nomination and
    strongly believe he should be confirmed quickly so NASA can have
    Senate-confirmed leadership as soon as possible. This will enable our
    shared goals to advance our Nation's space priorities and continue
    NASA's long history of scientific exploration and discovery. Thank you
    for your consideration.
                Sincerely,
                                                 Will Marshall,
                                Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer,
                                                           Planet Labs PBC.
                                                      Robbie Schingler,
                                 Co-Founder and Chief Strategy Officer,
                                                           Planet Labs PBC.
                                     ______

                               Naval Aviation Museum Foundation
                                          Pensacola, FL, March 25, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chair, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        I am writing to express my support for President Trump's nomination
    of Mr. Jared Isaacman to be NASA Administrator. As a space explorer,
    entrepreneur, acclaimed aviator and strong advocate for STEM Education,
    he is a leader of the highest character and an exceptional selection
    for NASA Administrator. As a 35-year Navy veteran and current President
    & CEO of the Naval Aviation Museum Foundation, my support for his
    confirmation as the next Administrator of NASA is unequivocal.
        Mr. Isaacman has been a peerless supporter of the National Naval
    Aviation Museum s mission through his philanthropy. His support was
    critical to our continuity of operations during our closure during the
    COVID pandemic. Over the past decade, he has not only impacted our
    quality of exhibits but have also had an immeasurable impact on our
    National Flight Academy the country s premier aviation themed STEM
    academy. His personal impact on hundreds of thousands of visitors to
    our museum and STEM programs has been foundational to our mission
    encouraging visitors to Dream Inspire and Remember.
        Mr. Isaacman's involvement and insight from his experiences in
    aviation both in high performance aircraft to pioneering the boundaries
    of civilian space exploration have been essential as we develop
    programs to continue to inspire and engage both the next generation of
    aerospace enthusiasts and future STEM workforce for decades to come.
        I enthusiastically encourage you and your Senate colleagues to act
    expeditiously to confirm Mr. Isaacman. Thank you for your consideration
    and support.
                Sincerely,
                                                 Kyle J. Cozad,
                                                        RADM USN (Ret),
                                                     President and CEO,
                                          Naval Aviation Museum Foundation.
                                     ______

                        National Coast Guard Museum Association
                                      New London, CT, November 13, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chair, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        It is my distinct honor to express my support for the nomination of
    Mr. Jared Isaacman to serve as Administrator of the National
    Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Over the course of my
    career in the United States Coast Guard and now as President of the
    National Coast Guard Museum Association, I have had the privilege of
    working with exceptional leaders across government, industry, and
    philanthropy. Mr. Isaacman stands among those rare individuals whose
    entrepreneurial drive, technical acumen, and spirit of service have
    combined to yield visionary achievements in aviation, business, and
    education. These very qualities would serve our Nation and its space
    program with distinction.
        My awareness of Mr. Isaacman's leadership and values developed
    through his philanthropic support of the National Coast Guard Museum.
    Mr. Isaacman's deep commitment to National service and STEM education
    is both authentic and inspiring. His transformational gifts of $10
    million in 2022 and $15 million in 2025 to the U.S. Space & Rocket
    Center's Space Camp have expanded access to advanced aerospace training
    for America's youth-ensuring that the next generation of engineers,
    scientists, and explorers is prepared to lead. His generosity also
    extends to institutions that honor those who serve, including his
    significant contribution to the National Coast Guard Museum, reflecting
    a profound respect for the Armed Services and the ideals they uphold.
    These actions reveal a patriotism rooted not in rhetoric, but in
    tangible, enduring impact.
        In the process of codifying Mr. Isaacman's gift to the Museum, I
    had the privilege of working closely with members of his philanthropy
    team. I have long believed that a leader's character is best reflected
    in the people they empower. Each member of Mr. Isaacman's team
    demonstrated professionalism, humility, and excellence-qualities that
    stem from his example and leadership.
        For these reasons, I offer my strong and enthusiastic endorsement
    of Mr. Jared Isaacman's nomination as Administrator of NASA and
    respectfully commend him for your most favorable consideration.
                Respectfully,
                               Captain Wes Pulver, USCG (Ret.),
                                                             President,
                                   National Coast Guard Museum Association.
                                     ______

                                                      Max Space
                                Exploration Park, FL, November 21, 2025

    Hon. Senator Ted Cruz, (R-Texas),
    Chair, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Hon. Senator Maria Cantwell, (D-Washington),
    Ranking Member, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Re: Strong Support for the Nomination of Mr. Jared Isaacman to be
                Administrator of NASA

    Dear Chair Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell and Members of the Committee:

        On behalf of Max Space and our team of engineers, investors,
    entrepreneurs, and former astronauts dedicated to building the next
    generation of American space stations and habitats, I write to express
    our strong and unequivocal support for the nomination of Mr. Jared
    Isaacman to serve as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and
    Space Administration.
        Mr. Isaacman is uniquely positioned to lead NASA at a moment when
    America's ambitions in low Earth orbit (LEO), on the Moon, and
    eventually Mars depend on a deep, practical partnership between
    government and an increasingly capable commercial space sector. As
    founder and CEO of Shift4, an accomplished aviator, and mission
    commander of both lnspiration4, the world's first all-civilian orbital
    mission, and Polaris Dawn, which achieved the first commercial
    spacewalk and highest altitude by a crewed mission since the Apollo
    program, he has personally demonstrated the courage, discipline,
    technical understanding and the immense challenges that human
    spaceflight and maintaining a permanent presence in space demands.
        Equally important, Mr. Isaacman has shown that space can serve the
    public interest, not only through exploration and technology, but also
    through his philanthropy and inspiration. lnspiration4 alone helped
    raise hundreds of millions of dollars for St. Jude Children's Research
    Hospital while proving that private citizens can safely and responsibly
    participate in orbital missions. That concrete demonstration--that
    spaceflight can be both commercially innovative and socially
    beneficial--is precisely the mindset I believe NASA needs to maintain
    American leadership in a rapidly evolving space economy.
        Our company, Max Space was founded and exists because the United
    States chose to lean partnership between commercial sector and
    Governmental priorities and were looking to embrace and support truly
    innovate, disruptive and cutting-edge U.S. technologies to maintain our
    countries leadership in space and space exploration. We are a proud
    American company, which has flown our expandable habitats and space
    real estate multiple times and are committed to accelerating this in
    the interest of the United States.
        Our American engineered and manufactured modules are large-volume,
    expandable habitats designed to provide significantly lower-cost,
    exceptionally robust, and scalable real estate in space which are ready
    to support the ISS decommissioning and replacement options serving U.S.
    LEO presence--at a fraction of the cost of other legacy module designs,
    and ultimately providing permanent, low cost, light weight, superstrong
    habitats serving the U.S. interests for the lunar surface, and Mars.
    Our work builds directly on NASA's own pioneering legacy in ``soft-
    goods'' habitats and expandable structures. We intend for our first
    350-cubic-meter station module to support both U.S. government and
    commercial users in LEO while providing a clear pathway for the
    architectural bridge to Moon and Mars missions.
        In our view, Mr. Isaacman deeply understands three essential truths
    about the moment we are in:

      1.  America must not cede leadership in LEO as the ISS era winds
            down. The next generation of commercial stations and habitats--
            developed under programs such as Commercial Leo Destination
            (CLD)--will determine whether American astronauts, industry,
            and allies continue to lead in microgravity research,
            (advanced) manufacturing and critical and emerging
            technologies, national security applications, and maintain the
            capability for a continuous human presence to advance human
            space exploration, scientific discoveries, international
            cooperation and United States economic competitiveness and
            commercial participation in low-Earth orbit through and beyond
            the useful life of the International Space Station.

      2.  Enduring presence on the Moon and Mars will only be affordable
            and sustainable if we embrace disruptive, lower-cost
            architectures--including expandable habitats, modular systems,
            and new logistics models--rather than relying solely on one-off
            approaches.

      3.  The full strength of the United States lies in its innovative
            private sector, from emerging companies like ours to larger,
            established primes, all operating under a clear national
            strategy and consistent policy direction from NASA and the
            Administration.

        For companies like Max Space, the stakes of this nomination are
    tangible. The policy environment that Administrator Isaacman shapes
    will determine whether new American station providers and moon and Mars
    habitat developers can flourish--creating high-value jobs at home,
    strengthening supply chains, and ensuring that the volume, safety, and
    affordability of our habitats give the United States and its partners
    decisive and unparalleled advantages over strategic competitors and
    rogue nations.
        We believe Mr. Isaacman is uniquely equipped to:

       Champion a vibrant ecosystem of commercial space stations
            and habitats in LEO as ISS operations wind down--ensuring there
            is no ``gap'' in U.S. presence and that NASA technology and
            astronauts continue to fly from American soil to American-led
            platforms.

       Push for architectures that are both ambitious and fiscally
            responsible, leveraging industry innovations--such as
            expandable, high-volume, low-mass habitats--to significantly
            multiply NASA's capabilities per dollar invested.

       Strengthen public-private partnerships that preserve NASA's
            role as the world's leading civil space agency while giving
            American companies the room to invent, compete, and deliver.

       Align LEO, lunar, and Mars strategies into a coherent
            campaign, where commercial stations and habitats in LEO serve
            as the training ground, test bed, and proving environment for
            future lunar and Martian outposts.

        From our vantage point, Mr. Isaacman has already demonstrated,
    through action rather than rhetoric, that he understands how to set
    clear objectives, accept and manage risk, execute complex missions, and
    communicate a compelling vision to the public. These are exactly the
    qualities that will be required to:

       complete Artemis successfully,

       transition from ISS to commercial stations smoothly, and

       lay the foundations for a genuine, long-term human presence
            beyond Earth to the Moon and Mars.

        If confirmed, we respectfully encourage the Committee and Mr.
    Isaacman to work together to ensure that NASA's policies:

       Continue to open doors for innovative American entrants in
            habitats, logistics, and in-space manufacturing;

       Prioritize competition, performance, and cost effectiveness
            in program design and contracting; and

       Embrace architectures that make persistent habitation in
            LEO, on the Moon, and ultimately Mars both technically
            achievable and economically sustainable.

        Max Space is committed to playing its part in that vision--
    designing and delivering safe, scalable, expandable real estate in
    space that amplifies NASA's capabilities and keeps the United States
    decades ahead of its competitors. Mr. Isaacman's nomination gives us
    confidence that NASA will remain a bold partner to companies like ours,
    willing to harness disruptive American innovation in service of
    exploration, security, and prosperity.
        For all these reasons, I strongly urge the Committee to support Mr.
    Jared Isaacman's confirmation as Administrator of NASA. We look forward
    to working with him, with NASA, and with this Committee to ensure that
    the next era of human spaceflight--across LEO, the Moon, and Mars--is
    led by the United States, powered by American innovation, and open to
    the next generation of explorers and entrepreneurs.
        Thank you for your consideration.
                Respectfully submitted,
                                                  Saleem Miyan,
                                                    Co-founder and CEO,
                                                             Max Space Inc.

    cc. Mr. Jared Isaacman
    U.S. Transportation Secretary, Sean P. Duffy
    NASA Associate Administrator, Amit Kshatriya
                                     ______

                         National Business Aviation Association
                                                      November 21, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        I write on behalf of the National Business Aviation Association's
    (NBAA) 11,000 members to support the confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman
    as Administrator of National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    (NASA).
        Mr. Isaacman possesses an exceptional blend of operational
    expertise, strategic vision, and mission-driven leadership that makes
    him uniquely suited to serve as NASA Administrator. A proven
    entrepreneur with deep business acumen, Mr. Isaacman has built and led
    successful companies in both the financial and aerospace sectors,
    demonstrating the ability to guide complex organizations through
    innovation and growth. At the same time, he is one of the very few
    civilian astronauts with hands-on experience commanding two space
    missions, including the first all-civilian orbital flight, an
    achievement that highlights his technical competence, decisiveness, and
    commitment to expanding human spaceflight.
        Beyond his professional accomplishments, Mr. Isaacman is widely
    recognized for his philanthropic leadership. Through his high-profile
    missions and personal initiatives, he has raised hundreds of millions
    of dollars for charitable causes, earning broad recognition across the
    aviation and aerospace community. In 2023, NBAA honored him with its
    highest recognition, the Meritorious Service to Aviation Award, for his
    contributions to aviation and his extraordinary humanitarian impact.
        Mr. Isaacman's rare combination of aviation experience, spaceflight
    expertise, and technological understanding is precisely what NASA needs
    as it advances next-generation aerospace capabilities. His background
    aligns directly with the agency's work to strengthen safety
    partnerships with the FAA, advance UAS traffic management, accelerate
    autonomous flight research, and enable the safe integration of advanced
    air mobility, including electric air taxis and emerging drone
    operations. His leadership will be instrumental in sustaining America's
    aerospace leadership and guiding NASA's efforts to explore, innovate,
    and inspire.
        Founded in 1947 and based in Washington, DC, NBAA is the leading
    organization for companies that rely on general aviation aircraft to
    help make their businesses more efficient, productive and successful.
    The association provides more than 100 products and services to the
    business aviation community, including cutting-edge innovations in
    aerospace technologies.
        As NASA prepares for the next phase of innovation and space
    exploration, Mr. Isaacman stands ready to take the helm. We urge the
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation and the U.S.
    Senate to confirm Mr. Isaacman's nomination as soon as possible.
                Sincerely,
                                                      Ed Bolen,
                                                     President and CEO,
                                    National Business Aviation Association.
                                     ______

    Statement on the re-nomination of Jared Isaacman for NASA Administrator

                                PRESS STATEMENT

                               November 12, 2025

                                    CONTACT

                                 Danielle Gunn

        Pasadena, CA. (November 12, 2025)--Members of the Save NASA Science
    coalition, led by The Planetary Society, released the following
    statement in response to the President's re-nomination of Jared
    Isaacman for NASA administrator:

            Members of the Save NASA Science campaign--representing a
            diverse coalition of academic, commercial, nonprofit, and
            professional space science organizations--extend sincere
            congratulations to Jared Isaacman on his nomination to be NASA
            Administrator. Mr. Isaacman is an outspoken proponent for space
            exploration and the role of NASA in driving the space research
            enterprise, and has publicly stated his interest in
            accelerating the pace of science missions.
            We continue to express grave concern for the cuts proposed by
            the Office of Management & Budget in the FY 2026 budget request
            for NASA. Thousands of space advocates have rallied nationwide
            over the past year in support of a balanced program for space
            science, and Congress has, in a bipartisan manner, largely
            rejected the proposed cuts as destructive to the nation's long-
            term interests.
            Building on the momentum of the historic Save NASA Science day
            of action just one month ago, we reiterate the need to maintain
            steady funding to develop and operate flight projects that
            answer critical scientific questions, address the workforce
            crisis through improved communication and institutional
            support, and ensure future discoveries are made possible by
            investing in scientific research and STEM education.
            As we look to the future of NASA in FY 2026 and beyond, we
            stand ready to work with the NASA Administrator and their
            leadership team to accelerate scientific discovery, protect
            American leadership in fundamental research, and inspire the
            next generation of doers.

        In addition to The Planetary Society, the organizations co-signing
    this statement are:

       Black in Astro

       Explore Mars, Inc.

       IFPTE

       Maryland Aerospace Alliance

       The Mars Society

       National Space Society

       Stand Up For Science

       TexSpace Collective
                                     ______

                          About The Planetary Society
        With a global community of more than 2 million space enthusiasts,
    The Planetary Society is The world's largest and most influential space
    advocacy organization. Founded in 1980 by Carl Sagan, Bruce Murray, and
    Louis Friedman and today led by CEO Bill Nye, we empower the public to
    take a meaningful role in advancing space exploration through advocacy,
    education outreach, scientific innovation, and global collaboration.
    Together with our members and supporters, we're on a mission to explore
    worlds, find life off Earth, and protect our planet from dangerous
    asteroids. To learn more, visit www.planetary.
                                     ______

                                    Commercial Space Federation
                                       Washington DC, November 12, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of the Commercial Space Federation (CSF), the leading
    trade association representing the U.S. commercial space industry, I am
    writing to convey CSF's support for the swift confirmation of Mr. Jared
    Isaacman to serve as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and
    Space Administration (NASA).
        As you know, NASA is a large agency that has had three acting
    administrators named since late January. NASA's budget eclipses that of
    several cabinet agencies, and its operations span nearly 20 centers and
    installations across the United States. Among its many missions and
    activities, NASA is working to return astronauts to the Moon,
    continuously operating the International Space Station while developing
    follow-on commercial space stations, and exploring the solar system and
    beyond. The agency is best able to execute its important missions with
    stable leadership confirmed by the Senate. Leadership at NASA is made
    all the more important given China's ambition to eclipse U.S.
    leadership in space and build international alliances to counter
    western-Democracy coalitions--an issue the committee has rightly
    focused on. NASA's activities over the next three years very well may
    determine the balance of power in space.
        With decades of experience as an entrepreneur, business leader, and
    space pioneer, Mr. Isaacman is well suited to lead NASA. Mr. Isaacman's
    hearing before the committee in April 2025 demonstrated his
    understanding of the near and long-term competition with China, as well
    as his respect for Congress's oversight responsibilities and the laws
    directing NASA's activities. Furthermore, Mr. Isaacman has shown his
    commitment to all parts of NASA--space science, space technology,
    aeronautics, and human exploration. Mr. Isaacman brings ingenuity,
    business acumen, technical know-how, and a deep passion to this role,
    which will position NASA to take on the many challenges it faces.
        On behalf of CSF and our more than 90 member organizations, I
    respectfully request you prioritize Mr. Isaacman's confirmation, given
    the criticality of NASA's many ongoing missions.
                Sincerely,
                                                  Dave Cavossa,
                                                             President,
                                               Commercial Space Federation.
                                     ______

                                     ______

                                                Virgin Galactic
                                                      November 24, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Committee Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of Virgin Galactic, I am writing to express our strong
    support for the confirmation of Jared Isaacman as Administrator of the
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Mr. Isaacman's
    exceptional experience in business, aviation, and spaceflight, makes
    him an outstanding candidate for this crucial position.
        Virgin Galactic is a pioneering spaceflight company dedicated to
    opening space for everyone. As a key player in the commercial
    spaceflight industry, we recognize the vital role NASA plays in
    advancing space exploration and technology. Mr. Isaacman's appointment
    is not only of great interest to our industry but to all those who care
    about the future of space research and exploration and America's
    leadership in this critical domain. Virgin Galactic firmly believes
    that Mr. Isaacman's leadership will bring a fresh, innovative approach
    to NASA, crucial for maintaining America's leadership in space
    exploration and technology. His proven track record in the private
    sector, aviation, and spaceflight positions him uniquely to address the
    complex challenges at the intersection of space exploration,
    technology, and commerce.
        Mr. Isaacman's impressive career spans multiple sectors directly
    relevant to NASA's mission. Through his work as an entrepreneur and a
    leader at various companies, he has showcased his ability to innovate
    and lead in complex, high-stakes industries directly related to
    technology, aviation, and national security--all critical components of
    NASA's multifaceted operations. Moreover, his experience as commander
    of the Inspiration4 mission, the first all-civilian orbital flight, and
    his involvement in the Polaris Program highlight his deep understanding
    of spaceflight operations and the commercial space sector. Mr. Isaacman
    became the first private citizen to perform a spacewalk during the
    Polaris Dawn mission, further exemplifying his commitment to advancing
    human spaceflight capabilities. Through the Inspiration4 mission, over
    $240 million was raised for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. This
    included a personal pledge of $125 million from Isaacman himself. His
    commitment to philanthropy extends beyond Inspiration4, as evidenced by
    his continued support through the Polaris Dawn mission. These
    substantial contributions demonstrate his dedication to using space
    exploration for the benefit of humanity, aligning well with NASA's
    mission to lead an innovative and sustainable program of exploration
    that enables human expansion across the solar system and brings new
    knowledge and opportunities back to Earth.
        We believe Mr. Isaacman's expertise in business, aviation, and
    spaceflight, will be invaluable in addressing the challenges and
    opportunities facing NASA and the broader space industry. His firsthand
    experience as a commercial astronaut provides him with unique insights
    into the needs and potential of human spaceflight. This knowledge will
    be crucial in shaping policies that support the growth of commercial
    space activities while advancing NASA's core missions.
        We look forward to working with Mr. Isaacman and NASA to advance
    policies that promote innovation, foster economic growth in the space
    sector, and strengthen America's position as a global leader in space
    exploration. We strongly urge his swift confirmation as NASA
    Administrator.
                Sincerely,
                                                    Mike Moses,
                                                             President,
                                                           Virgin Galactic.
                                     ______

                                        Space Force Association
                                 Colorado Springs, CO, 26 November 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of the Space Force Association (SFA), the only private
    non-profit organization solely dedicated to advocating for the U.S.
    Space Force, I strongly support the swift confirmation of Mr. Jared
    Isaacman as NASA Administrator.
        A private astronaut and accomplished entrepreneur, Mr. Isaacman has
    deep respect for ability to advance scientific exploration, drive
    innovation, strengthen national security partnerships, and expand
    commercial space opportunities. With decades of experience spanning
    government contracting and publicly traded enterprises, he is uniquely
    positioned to ensure the United States remains the global leader in
    space.
        As space becomes increasingly contested by adversaries like China
    and Russia, Mr. Isaacman's timely confirmation is critical to lead NASA
    at the nexus of civil space exploration, military security, and
    economic growth. SFA is confident he will champion the commercial space
    sector by fostering innovation in spaceflight and integrating
    commercial services into NASA's missions.
        Thank you for your consideration of this letter in support of Mr.
    Jared Isaacman's confirmation as the NASA Administrator.
                Sincerely,
                                                    Bill Woolf,
                                            CEO, President and Founder,
                                                   Space Force Association,
                                                      Colonel, USAF (Ret.).
                                     ______

        Senator Sheehy. For nearly 70 years, the United States has
    been at the forefront of space exploration. President Trump
    knows how critical it is for our country to lead the way yet
    again as our space program aims to reach new heights, and that
    is why he chose exactly the right man for the job, Jared
    Isaacman.
        I have personally known Jared for several years, chairing
    an aviation community in Montana and cooperating with him on
    approving the education experience for our next generation of
    explorers, astronauts, engineers, NASA administrators, at Space
    Camp in Huntsville, Alabama. Both Jared and I attended Space
    Camp, and although I would say lit a spark in both of us to
    chase the dream of aviation and aerospace, he has been far more
    successful than I have. We both dreamed of being astronauts as
    children. The difference is Jared actually is one, whereas I
    had to settle for the title of Senator.
        America has been the leader of global space travel
    generations, pushing the boundaries of space, and testing the
    limits of human endurance and intellect. All Americans should
    be deeply proud of the incredible accomplishments of heroes
    like Alan Shepard, John Glenn, Neil Armstrong, Jim Lovell, and
    many others. The sacrifices and leadership of these brave
    astronauts is what most Americans know.
        What they usually do not know is that behind each and every
    one of these explorers is a massive team of dedicated
    engineers, program managers, innovators, test pilots, welders,
    electricians, truck drivers, and families, who are the true
    heroes of our space program. To lead this incredible team
    requires a leader who not only understands and believes in the
    mission, but has the interdisciplinary skill set to coordinate
    these cross-functional teams to achieve critical outcomes.
        Since the tragedy of the Columbia disaster in 2003, NASA
    has been an organization of great people searching for revival.
    And after the cancellation of the shuttle program for 10
    years--it is important to remember, for 10 years--the United
    States was paying Russia taxi fare to send our own astronauts
    into space. This would make John F. Kennedy, Ronald Reagan, and
    dozens of other American leaders turn in their grave. And in
    light of the recent Starliner mission to the ISS that left
    astronauts stuck in space for almost 9 months, we are reminded
    that much work remains. President Trump knew it was time for a
    change, and he chose the right man for the job.
        Despite Jared's desire to be an Air Force fighter pilot and
    an astronaut as a child, he found out that he was smarter than
    most and started a disruptive software company in his garage as
    a teenager. That company grew to be a tremendous multi-billion
    dollar success, and that success fueled his ascension in the
    Hall of Fame as a record-setting jet pilot, an aggressor pilot
    for our Air Force fighter pilots, and most recently, the first
    civilian ever to conduct a spacewalk.
        On top of all that, Jared and I share another passion,
    pediatric philanthropy. Jared has personally donated millions
    to improve health care for at-risk children all over America,
    yet again underlining his commitment to this great nation.
        NASA is a point of great pride for our Nation. It has
    carved out new frontiers for mankind and shown the world the
    power of freedom. China is progressing at a breakneck pace to
    overtake our space infrastructure and beat us back to the Moon,
    and they fully intend to win. If we do not focus our efforts
    and commit to victory now, we will find ourselves going to bed
    under the glow of a red moon. We have a moral obligation to
    continue to lead in the greatest frontier ever known, and it
    requires strong leadership.
        Jared is an articulate leader, a great father and husband,
    and one of the smartest people in America. Jared understands
    not only how to manage a complex, multi-billion dollar
    organization but how to design and engineer critical systems.
    And to top it off, he knows how to fly space ships.
        NASA is in need of spiritual rejuvenation, and that will
    take fresh leadership. Jared is the perfect man for the job,
    and I look forward to adding NASA Administrator to his already
    remarkable resume.
        Thank you, Chairman.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you, Senator Sheehy. We will now
    recognize Mr. Isaacman for his opening statement.

                      STATEMENT OF JARED ISAACMAN,

                      NOMINEE TO BE ADMINISTRATOR,

             NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

        Mr. Isaacman. Thank you Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member
    Cantwell, Senator Sheehy for that very generous introduction,
    and distinguished members of the Committee. I am honored and
    grateful to be here before you again as President Donald
    Trump's nominee to lead the National Aeronautics and Space
    Administration.
        To begin, I would like to acknowledge my family, my
    parents, Sandy and Don Isaacman behind me, my wife Monica, and
    my two wonderful daughters, Mila and Liv. Over the years, I
    have found many ways to challenge their patience, and politics
    is certainly no exception. We are also joined today by seven
    astronauts, some of my closest friends and crewmates, together
    with NASA astronauts that have come to this hearing in support.
    Thank you very much.
        I also want to acknowledge and appreciate that Senator
    Britt from the state of Alabama is here today, so not only home
    to Marshall Space Flight Center but also to Space Camp, which
    is where my journey began.
        As mentioned before, I have lived the American dream. I
    have been fortunate to have an amazing business and aeronautics
    career, to have led two notable missions to space, to help
    charitable causes that matter deeply to my family, and now I am
    beyond thankful for a chance to repay my debt to this Nation by
    serving alongside the brilliant minds at the world's most
    accomplished space agency.
        The last time I sat before you, I introduced myself, my
    qualifications, and the challenges and opportunities ahead.
    This time, I am here with a message of urgency. After more than
    a half-century, America is set to launch NASA astronauts around
    the Moon in just a matter of months. This is a challenging
    endeavor to say the least, and one that requires full-time
    leadership.
        Secretary Duffy, in his letter to this Committee endorsing
    my nomination, emphasized this point. That message is shared by
    more than two dozen other letters of support, including an
    online petition started by members of the NASA workforce and a
    letter from 36 NASA astronauts, who, like me, have sat through
    anomaly investigations, launch and flight readiness reviews,
    have accepted the risks of going to space, and understand what
    is at stake.
        And I know it is not lost on anyone in this room that we
    are in a great competition with a rival that has the will and
    the means to challenge American exceptionalism across multiple
    domains, including in the high ground of space. This is not the
    time for delay but a time for action, because if we fall
    behind, if we make a mistake, we may never catch up, and the
    consequences could shift the balance of power here on Earth.
        This Congress, and specifically this Committee, understand
    the urgency of the moment--placing a historic investment in
    human space exploration that President Trump signed in the One
    Big Beautiful Bill. It is now time for NASA and its partners to
    deliver.
        To that end, I want to assure you, Senators, I am not here
    for personal gain, to favor or enrich contractors, to close
    centers, or to disrupt programs that are essential to
    completing America's objectives in space. If confirmed, I am
    here to bring urgency and an extreme focus to the mission, to
    do all I can working with the best and brightest at NASA to
    lead humanity's efforts to unlock the secrets of the universe
    and ensure American leadership across the last great frontier.
    In concert with that grand endeavor, we will ensure the
    following. The success of the Artemis program that President
    Trump began during his first term. America will return to the
    Moon before our great rival, and we will establish an enduring
    presence to understand and realize the scientific, economic,
    and national security value on the lunar surface.
        Along the way, we will pioneer the next ``giant leap'' in
    capabilities to extend America's reach even further into space,
    including expanding and accelerating investments into nuclear
    propulsion, both nuclear electric and nuclear thermal, and
    surface power programs. These efforts, in addition to industry
    partners building reusable launch vehicles, will set the stage
    for future missions to Mars and beyond.
        We will never accept a gap in capabilities again, not with
    our space station presence in low-Earth orbit or our ability to
    send American astronauts to the Moon.
        We will strive to build an orbital and lunar economy that
    can fund the future we all want to see in space someday, and
    not rely exclusively on the taxpayer. We will begin making the
    investments now for the inevitable spacefaring future that is
    just on the horizon.
        We will make the most efficient use of every dollar
    allocated, pushing for more x-planes, more rovers and
    telescopes, more exciting missions like Hubble, James Webb, and
    Dragonfly, with the aim of enlightening the world through
    breakthrough scientific discoveries, knowing that if NASA does
    not do it, no one else will.
        Some of the most talented people in America show up to work
    at NASA. Alongside a reinvigorated culture and an intense focus
    on achieving the near-impossible, what no other organization is
    capable of or even dares to accomplish, we will achieve these
    objectives. And when, not if, we get the job done, it will be
    because of the professionals at NASA, our international and our
    commercial partners, this Committee and Congress, and President
    Trump's administration that will have succeeded in ushering in
    a new golden age of science and discovery. We will do it for
    America, for humankind, and in doing so, we will inspire the
    world and the generations to follow to take us even farther.
        We are just getting started on the greatest adventure in
    human history, and with urgency, purpose, and extreme focus on
    the mission, NASA will lead the way. Thank you.
        [The prepared statement and biographical information of Mr.
    Isaacman follow:]

      Prepared Statement of Jared Isaacman, Nominee to be Administrator,
                 National Aeronautics and Space Administration
        Thank you Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and distinguished
    members of the committee. I am honored and grateful to be here before
    you again as President Donald Trump's nominee to lead the National
    Aeronautics and Space Administration.
        To begin, I would like to acknowledge my family--my parents, Sandy
    and Don Isaacman, my wife Monica, and my two wonderful daughters, Mila
    and Liv. Over the years, I have found many ways to challenge their
    patience, and politics is certainly no exception. We are also joined
    today by 8 astronauts, some of my closest friends and crewmates
    together with retired NASA astronauts that have come to this hearing in
    support.
        As mentioned before, I have lived the American dream. I have been
    fortunate to have an amazing business and aeronautics career, to have
    led two notable missions to space, to help charitable causes that
    matter deeply to my family, and now I am beyond thankful to have a
    chance to repay my debt to this Nation by serving alongside the
    brilliant minds at the world's most accomplished space agency.
        The last time I sat before you, I introduced myself, my
    qualifications, and the challenges and opportunities ahead. This time,
    I am here with a message of urgency.
        After more than a half-century, America is set to launch NASA
    astronauts around the Moon in just a matter of months--a challenging
    endeavor to say the least--and one that requires full-time leadership.
    Secretary Duffy, in his letter to this committee endorsing my
    nomination, emphasized this point. That message is shared by more than
    two dozen other letters of support, including an online petition
    started by members of the NASA workforce and a letter from 36 NASA
    astronauts--who, like me, have sat through anomaly investigations,
    launch and flight readiness reviews, have accepted the risks of going
    to space, and understand what is at stake.
        And I know it is not lost on anyone in this room that we are in a
    great competition with a rival that has the will and means to challenge
    American exceptionalism across multiple domains, including in the high
    ground of space. This is not the time for delay, but for action,
    because if we fall behind--if we make a mistake--we may never catch up,
    and the consequences could shift the balance of power here on Earth.
        The Congress, and specifically this Committee, understand the
    urgency of the moment--placing a historic investment in human space
    exploration that President Trump signed in the one big beautiful bill.
    It's now time for NASA and our partners to deliver.
        To that end, I want to assure you, Senators, I am not here for
    personal gain, to favor or enrich contractors, to close centers, or to
    disrupt programs essential to completing America's objectives in space.
    If confirmed, I am here to bring urgency and an extreme focus to the
    mission--to do all I can working with the best and brightest at NASA to
    lead humanity's effort to unlock the secrets of the universe and ensure
    American leadership across the last great frontier. In concert with
    that grand endeavor, we will ensure the following:

      1.  The success of the Artemis program that President Trump began
            during his first term. America will return to the Moon before
            our great rival, and we will establish an enduring presence to
            understand and realize the scientific, economic, and national
            security value on the lunar surface.

      2.  Along the way, we will pioneer the next `giant leap' capabilities
            to extend America's reach even further into space, including
            expanding and accelerating investments into nuclear propulsion
            and surface power programs. These efforts, in addition to
            industry partners building reusable launch vehicles, we will
            set the stage for future missions to Mars and beyond.

      3.  We will never accept a gap in capabilities again--not with our
            space station presence in low Earth orbit or our ability to
            send American astronauts to the Moon.

      4.  We will strive to build an orbital and lunar economy that can
            fund the future we all want to see in space and not rely
            exclusively on the taxpayer. We will begin making the
            investments now for the inevitable spacefaring future that is
            just on the horizon.

      5.  We will make the most efficient use of every dollar allocated--
            pushing for more x-planes, more rovers & telescopes, more
            exciting missions like Hubble, James Webb, and Dragonfly with
            the aim of enlightening the world through breakthrough
            scientific discoveries--knowing that if NASA doesn't do it, no
            one else will.

        Some of the most talented people in America show up to work at
    NASA. Alongside a reinvigorated culture and intense focus on achieving
    the near-impossible--what no other organization is capable of or dares
    to accomplish--we will achieve these objectives . . . And when, not if,
    we get the job done--it will be because of the professionals at NASA,
    our international & commercial partners, this committee and Congress,
    and President Trump's administration that will have succeeded in
    ushering in a new golden age of science and discovery. We will do it
    for America, for humankind, and in doing so, we will inspire the world
    and the generations to follow to take us even farther.
        We are just getting started on the greatest adventure in human
    history--and with urgency, purpose, and extreme focus on the mission,
    NASA will lead the way.
        Thank you.
                                     ______

                          a. biographical information
        1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): Jared Taylor
    Isaacman.
        2. Position to which nominated: Administrator of the National
    Aeronautics & Space Administration.
        3. Date of Nomination: January 20, 2025.
        4. Address (List current place of residence and office addresses):

            Residence: Information not released to the public.
            Office: 3501 Corp Parkway, Center Valley PA 18034.

        5. Date and Place of Birth: Union, NJ.
        6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your
    spouse (if married) or domestic partner, and the names and ages of your
    children (including stepchildren and children by a previous marriage).

            Spouse: Monica Isaacman, homemaker.

        7. List all college and graduate schools attended, whether or not
    you were granted a degree by the institution. Provide the name of the
    institution, the dates attended, the degree received, and the date of
    the degree.

            Embry Riddle Aeronautical University--Bachelor in Professional
            Aeronautics (2011) (February 2010-November 2011).

        8. List all post-undergraduate employment, including the job title,
    name of employer, and inclusive dates of employment, and highlight all
    management-level jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to
    the position for which you are nominated.

       Shift4 Payments, Founder and CEO (June 2000 to present)

       Draken International, Co-founder and CEO (November 2011-
            April 2020)

       Denmar, Consultant (October 2020 to present)

        9. Attach a copy of your resume. See attachment.
        10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time
    service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other
    than those listed above after 18 years of age.

            Honorary Commander--US Air Force Academy.

        11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee,
    partner, proprietor, agent, representative, or consultant of any
    corporation, company, firm, partnership, or other business, enterprise,
    educational, or other institution.

       Shift4 Payments, Inc.--Chairman of the Board, CEO, and
            Director, 6/2020 to present

       Shift4 Payments, LLC (fka Harbortouch Payments, LLC and
            Lighthouse Network, LLC)--Chief Executive Officer, 3/2014 to
            present

       Shift4 Subsidiaries

         C.C. Productions, LLC--President and CEO, 12/2022 to
                present

         CFC & FP Enterprises, LLC--President and CEO, 12/2022
                to present

         Credorax (USA) LLC--Authorized Person to sign entity
                documents for filing, checks, notes in connection with bank
                accounts, facilities or services per Operating Agreement,
                12/2023 to present

         Pinnacle Hospitality Systems, LLC--President and CEO,
                7/2022 to present

         POSITOUCH, LLC--Chief Executive Officer, 10/2017 to
                present

         POSTEC, LLC--Chief Executive Officer 12/2021 to
                present

         Revel Systems, Inc.--President and sole Director, 6/
                2024 to present

         SIDFT4 CORPORATION--President and CEO and sole
                Director, 11/2017 to present

         Shift4 Payments Finance Sub, Inc.--President and
                Director, 10/2020 to present

         Shift4Shop, LLC--Chief Executive Officer, 11/2020 to
                present

         The Giving Block Holdings, LLC--ChiefExecutive
                Officer, 2/2022 to present

         Micros Retail Systems, LLC--Chief Executive Officer,
                10/2020 to present

         Venuenext, Inc--President, 4/21 to present

         Shift4 Shop, LLC (formerly 3dcart, LLC)--Chief
                Executive Officer, 11/2020 to present

         S4-ML Holdings, LLC--Chief Executive Officer, 8/2019
                to present

         MSI Merchant Services Holdings, LLC--Chief Executive
                Officer, 3/2014-12/2021

         Restaurant Manager, LLC--Chief Executive Officer, 8/
                2017-12/2021

         Positouch, LLC--Chief Executive Officer, 10/2017-12/
                2021

         Future POS, LLC--Chief Executive Officer, 10/2017-12/
                2021

         Harbortouch Financial, LLC--Chief Executive Officer,
                1/2011-12/2021

       Draken International, LLC--Chief Executive Officer, 11/2011-
            4/2020; Director/Manager, 11/2011-10/2020

       26 North Aviation, Inc.--Director, 1/2007 to present

       Rook Holdings, Inc--Director, President, Treasurer,
            Secretary, 3/2014 to present

       Rook Aviation Holdings, LLC--Member and President, 1/2019 to
            present

       Rook Investments, LLC--Member and President, 7/2019 to
            present

       Black Diamond Jet Hold Co, Inc--President, CEO, and
            Director, 3/2019 to present

       Black Diamond Jet Holdings, LLC--President, CEO, and
            Manager, 12/2019 to present

       JDI Holdings LLC--Member and President, 12/2005 to present

       Xenomorph, LLC (Dissolved)--Managing Member, 2/2021-2/2023

       Bone Horse Marine, LLC--Managing Member, 7/2021 to present

       Bone Horse, LLC--Managing Member, 4/2019-12/2024

       Bone Horse Hangars, LLC--Manager and Member, 7/2021 to
            present

       RookX, LLC--Managing Member, 1/2021 to present

       Rook Public Strategies, LLC--Managing Member, 7/2021-12/2024

       PolarisX, LLC--Managing Member, 12/2022-12/2024

       Rook SPY I, LLC--President, Secretary, Treasurer, 3/2021 to
            present

       Rook SPY II, LLC--President, Secretary, Treasurer, 8/2021 to
            present
       Rook SPY III, LLC--President, Secretary, Treasurer, 12/2022
            to present
       Rook SPY IV, LLC--President, Secretary, Treasurer, 3/2023 to
            present
       Rook Space Investments, LLC--President, Treasurer,
            Secretary, 2/2021 to present

        12. List all memberships you have had after 18 years of age or
    currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational,
    political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religiously
    affiliated organization, private club, or other membership organization
    (You do not have to list your religious affiliation or membership in a
    religious house of worship or institution). Include dates of membership
    and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note
    whether any such club or organization restricts membership on the basis
    of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.

       Business Executives for National Security

       Association of Space Explorers

       Experimental Aircraft Association

       Aircraft Owners Pilot Association

       International Council of Air Shows

       CNBC CEO Council

        These organizations do not restrict membership on the basis of sex,
    race, color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.
        13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office
    (elected, non-elected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any
    campaign has any outstanding debt the amount, and whether you are
    personally liable for that debt. No.
        14. List all memberships and offices held with and services
    rendered to, whether compensated or not, any political party or
    election committee within the past ten years. If you have held a paid
    position or served in a formal or official advisory position (whether
    compensated or not) in a political campaign within the past ten years,
    identify the particulars of the campaign, including the candidate, year
    of the campaign, and your title and responsibilities. None.
        15. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign
    organization, political party, political action committee, or similar
    entity of$200 or more for the past ten years.
        See attachment.
        16. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary
    society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition
    for outstanding service or achievements.

       Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Honorary Doctorate

       Foreign Policy Research Institute, Ben Franklin Award

       United States Air Force Academy, Honorary Commander

       FAA, Commercial Astronaut Wings

       National Business Aviation Association, Meritorious Service
            to Aviation Award

       Ernst & Young, EY Entrepreneur of the Year

       National Space Society, NSS Space Pioneer Award for
            Entrepreneurship

       UP Partners, UP Inspiration Award

       Living Legends of Aviation, Dr. Buzz Aldrin Space
            Advancement Award; Eren Ozmen Entrepreneur of the Year Award;
            Induction to Living Legends of Aviation

       Space Force Association, Advancing Human Presence in the
            Space Domain Award

       EarthLight Foundation, Space Cowboy Award

       Global Lithuanian Leaders, The Laureate of Global Lithuanian
            Award 2021

       Space Camp, Hall of Fame

       Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Eagle of Excellence
            Award

       AOPA Hoover Trophy

       Everyday Astronaut Astro Awards, Most Inspiring, Most
            Innovative and Important Mission of 2024 Award

       St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Michael F. Tamer
            Award

       American Astronautical Society, Neil Armstrong Space Flight
            Achievement Award

       Aim Higher Gala, Inspiration Award

       Commercial Spaceflight Federation. Commercial Space Business
            & Finance Award

       Vladimir Komarov Diploma, FAI Astronautic Records Commission

       NAA/FAI, Numerous NAA/FAI World Records in Aviation and
            Space

       Electronic Transactions Association, 40 Under 40

       Inc 500, 30 Under 30

       Air Force Association, John R. Alison Award

       Governor Rick Scott, FL, Draken International recognized for
            local job growth

        17. List all books, articles, columns, letters to the editor,
    Internet blog postings, or other publications you have authored,
    individually or with others. Include a link to each publication when
    possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the
    publication when available.
        Not applicable.
        18. List all speeches, panel discussions, and presentations (e.g.,
    PowerPoint) that you have given on topics relevant to the position for
    which you have been nominated. Include a link to each publication when
    possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the
    speech or presentation when available.

       Speech, Commencement Address at Embry-Riddle's Fall 2024
            Undergraduate Commencement Ceremony, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical
            University, Decem
            ber  12, 2024. Seethe university's press release here, http://
            news.erau.edu/headlines/jared-isaacman-inspires-embry-riddle-
            grads-to-pursue-moonshots#:
            :text=%E2%80%9CIt%27s%20you%20who%20wil1%20make,Center%20in%20
            Daytona%20Beach%2C%20Florida, and a video of the address here,
            https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjyyGjeYrKO.

       Fireside Chat, Space Force Power Conference, United States
            Space Force, December 10, 2024. A recording of the event is
            available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdaqX3AMxy8

       Panelist, Astronaut Reunion, Association of Space Explorers,
            December 5, 2024.

       Fireside Chat, Polaris Dawn Event, UC Davis for Spaceflight
            Research, November 22, 2024.

       Fireside Chat, Beyond Earth Symposium, Beyond Earth
            Institute, Novem-
            ber 13, 2024. A recording of the event is available here:
            https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pZ1H4WinVU

       Fireside Chat, Foreign Policy Research Institute's 18th
            Annual Benjamin Franklin Award for Public Service, Foreign
            Policy Research Institute, November 13, 2024.

       Panelist, Planetary Congress, Association of Space
            Explorers, October 3, 2024.

       Panelist, Up.Summit, UP.Partners, September 30, 2024.

       Fireside Chat, Polaris Dawn Mission Briefing, Polaris Dawn,
            August 19, 2024. A recording of the event is available here:
            https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
            =rGtzDmwfkCY.

       Fireside Chat, X Takeover, Tesla Owners of Silicon Valley,
            July, 28, 2024. A recording of the event is available here:
            https://www.facebook.com/tesla
            siliconvalley/videos/full-interview-with-jared-isaacman-shares-
            the-ground-break
            ing-work-with-polaris-/8703988886355087/.

       Fireside Chat, Commercial Spaceflight Transportation
            Conference Washington, DC, Commercial Space Federation,
            February, 21, 2024.

       Fireside Chat, ICR Conference, ICR, January 8, 2024.

       Fireside Chat, Space Force Power Conference, United States
            Space Force, December 13, 2023.

       Fireside Chat, LiveWIRED, WIRED, November 5, 2023. A
            recording of the event is available where: http://
            www.wired.com/video/watch/lets-die-on-mars

       Fireside Chat, Space Cowboy Ball, EarthLight Foundation,
            November 18, 2023.

       Fireside Chat, NBAA Annual Conference, NBAA, October 17,
            2023.

       Panelist, EAA Aviation Museum Space Day Event, October 7,
            2023.

       Panelist, Disrupt Conference, TechCrunch, September 19,
            2023.

       Fireside Chat, International Space Development Conference,
            National Space Society, May 25, 2023.

       Fireside Chat, National Character and Leadership Symposium
            (NCLS), United States Air Force Academy, February 23, 2023.

       Fireside Chat, SpaceCom 2023--Accelerating the Global
            Business of Space, SpaceCom, February 23, 2023.

       Fireside Chat, Space Force Culture Coalition, United States
            Space Force, February 21, 2023.

       Fireside Chat, BENS Virtual Discussion on Polaris Dawn with
            NY Metro Member Jared Isaacman, BENS, February 21, 2023.

       Acceptance Speech, Living Legends of Aviation, Kitty Hawk
            Air Academy, January 20, 2023.

       Panelists, UP.Summit, UP.Partners, June 7, 2022.

       Fireside Chat, LOGIN '22, LOGIN, June 3, 2022.

       Speech, Commencement Address at Embry-Riddle's 2022 Spring
            Commencement, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, May 14,
            2022.

       Presenter, Easterseals Advocacy Awards, Easterseals April
            12, 2022. A recording of the event is available here: https://
            www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehp
            BgLMJU7s.

       Fireside Chat, Agilysys User Conference, Agilysys, March 1,
            2022.

       Acceptance Speech, Living Legends of Aviation, Kitty Hawk
            Air Academy, January 21, 2022.

       Fireside Chat, Annual CNBC Technology Executive Council
            Summit, CNBC, November 17, 2021.

       Panelist, ASCEND, The American Institute of Aeronautics and
            Astronautics, November,15, 2021. A recording of the event is
            available here: https://youtu.beNjHzpOqu5iU

        19. List all public statements you have made during the past ten
    years, including statements in news articles and radio and podcasts and
    television appearances, which are on topics relevant to the position
    for which you have been nominated, including dates. Include a link to
    each statement when possible. If a link is not available, provide a
    digital copy of the statement when available.
        See attached.
        20. List all digital platforms (including social media and other
    digital content sites) on which you currently or have formerly operated
    an account, regardless of whether or not the account was held in your
    name or an alias. Include the full name of an ``alias'' or 'handle'',
    including the complete URL and username with hyperlinks, you have used
    on each of the named platforms. Indicate whether the account is active,
    deleted, or dormant. Include a link to each account if possible.

       X/Twitter: @rookisaacman, https://x.com/rookisaacman

       Instagram: rookisaacman, https://www.instagram.com/
            rookisaacman/

       Shift4 personnel previously created a Linkedin account for
            me, but I never used it, and it has been deleted.

        21. Please identify each instance in which you have testified
    orally or in writing before Congress in a governmental or non-
    governmental capacity and specify the date, committee, and subject
    matter of each testimony. None.
        22. Given the current mission, major programs, and major
    operational objectives of the department/agency/commission/corporation
    to which you have been nominated, what in your background or employment
    experience do you believe affirmatively qualifies you for appointment
    to the position for which you have been nominated, and why do you wish
    to serve in that position?
        I believe many aspects of my background make me qualified to serve
    as NASA Administrator, and it would be an immense honor to do so. My
    education, experience as a pilot, time as a commercial astronaut, and
    work as an entrepreneur together reflect my life-long passions of
    aviation and spaceflight. Throughout my various endeavors, I have had
    the opportunity to work with the government as a partner in the private
    sector. This has provided me with unique insights into how we can
    improve and innovate NASA's operations. I am committed to NASA's quest
    to explore space, innovate for humanity, and inspire our Nation through
    discovery.
        As a student, I attended the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
    where I graduated with a bachelor's degree in professional aeronautics.
        As a pilot, I have more than 7,700 hours of jet pilot experience
    and the highest FAA ratings, which include my Airline Transport Pilot
    certificate with experimental type ratings to operate ex-military
    aircraft.
        As a commercial astronaut, I have spent the last four years helping
    plan, develop, train, and execute two commercial space missions through
    the Polaris Program. My crew and I flew farther into space than any
    other human has since Apollo 17-more than 50 years ago. Aspects of our
    missions reflect the exciting future of space, such as the testing of
    new spacesuits during our spacewalk and the use of laser communications
    to send a message to the world. These efforts renewed excitement about
    what the future holds for America as a spacefaring Nation, but we also
    remained dedicated to addressing the hardships and challenges of the
    world we live in today. In the course of the Polaris missions, we
    raised over $250 million for St. Jude Childrens Research hospital, of
    which I have contributed more than $125 million directly. My experience
    as an astronaut and leader for two missions has also given me a
    profound understanding of the coordination required between NASA,
    commercial partners, other government agencies, and outside
    collaborators to achieve mission success.
        As an entrepreneur, I have also created a career in business that
    is directly related to managing a large agency and advancing American
    aeronautical interests and innovation. I co-founded the world's largest
    private air force, Draken International, to train pilots for the United
    States Armed Forces and its allies. This defense aerospace business,
    involving high performance military aircraft, saved taxpayers hundreds
    of millions and enhanced the training of our military warfighters. I am
    also the founder and CEO of Shift4 Payments, an innovative payment
    processor company, which I started in my parents basement when I was 16
    years old. Throughout my long business career, I have run my companies
    efficiently, responsibly, and with thousands of employees.
        I hope to have the opportunity to advance the President's goal for
    America to lead in space, science, technology, and exploration as NASA
    Administrator.
        23. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to
    ensure that the department/agency/commission/corporation has proper
    management and accounting controls, and what experience do you have in
    managing a large organization?
        It is imperative that the Administrator of NASA manages the agency
    responsibly and efficiently to ensure its organizational resources are
    dedicated to consistently moving the ball forward and advancing our
    national interests.
        As the founder and CEO of two large companies, I am responsible for
    overseeing large budgets and have navigated complex logistics matters
    on a daily basis. As the founder and CEO of an aerospace defense
    contractor under government oversight, and a public company listed on
    the New York Stock Exchange, I also understand the importance of
    leading large organizations responsibly with proper governance and
    accounting controls.
        24. What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the
    department/agency/commission/corporation, and why?
        NASA is the most respected and accomplished space agency in the
    world. The NASA logo inspires Americans and people the world over to
    dream of what the future may hold. However, the agency has faced
    significant challenges over the years that have impeded the mission.

      1.  NASA has been unable to return to the Moon or have an achievable
            path to Mars, despite plans to do so as far back as President
            George H.W. Bush's Administration in 1989.

      2.  The pace of world changing discoveries has slowed with flagship
            missions consistently billions over budget and behind schedule.

      3.  The space economy has yet to be revealed. For over 60 years, the
            space economy has had the same customers (governments) looking
            for the same capabilities (communications and observation).

        I believe the challenges stem from:

       A distracting number of priorities that are not fully
            aligned with the NASA mission.

       An organizational structure and policies that fuel
            bureaucracy and throttle progress.

       A culture that needs to be reinvigorated to make better use
            of capable commercial industry and to win against geopolitical
            rivals that are quickly threatening the ever expanding 'high
            ground'. If we do not lead, we follow, and if we follow, we may
            never catch-up.

        I am committed to working tirelessly alongside some of the
    brightest minds in the Nation to solve the problems and return NASA's
    focus to executing on the mission.
                       b. potential conflicts of interest
        1. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation
    agreements, and other continuing dealings with business associates,
    clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement
    accounts, such as a 40l(k) or pension plan.
        My employment agreements and arrangements are described on my Form
    278e Public Financial Disclosure Report, which I am working on with the
    Office of Government Ethics (OGE) and NASA ethics officials. That form
    will disclose the following agreements and arrangements:

      1)  A corporation I own has a Tax Receivable Agreement (TRA) with
            Shift4 Payments, Inc. Under the TRA, Shift4 Payments, Inc.
            agrees to make payments to the historic equity owners in an
            amount equal to a percentage of the benefit the corporation
            derives from certain specific tax attributes, if, as and when
            realized Prior to the IPO of Shift4 in 2020, the company
            operated as a partnership for U.S. Tax purposes. Upon the IPO,
            an umbrella partnership--C-Corporation structure was
            established. The operating partnership (Shift4 Payments, LLC)
            will be modified by reclassifying my interests as an original
            owner into a new class of interest that is exchangeable for
            Shift4 common stock (Class A). The TRA requires Shift4 to share
            tax savings with the original partners.

      2)  Pursuant to my employment agreement with Shift4 Payments, LLC,
            for 36 months after resignation, I will be eligible for health
            insurance benefits and other reimbursed expenses for fees in
            connection with former employment/ownership. I do not
            anticipate participating in or accepting such benefits.

      3)  In February 2025, I anticipate receiving an annual RSU award from
            Shift4 Payments, Inc. for the 2024 calendar year. RSU grant
            levels for the Chief Executive Officer are decided in
            conjunction with the Company's year-end compensation decisions
            based on individual and Company performance from the prior
            Fiscal Year.

        2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal,
    to maintain employment, affiliation, or practice with any business,
    association, or other organization during your appointment? If so,
    please explain.
        An entity I own holds agreements with Space Exploration
    Technologies Corp. (SpaceX). These include agreements related to two
    future space flight missions in the Polaris Program. There are three
    space flight service agreements related to different missions in the
    Polaris Program.
        I am currently working with OGE and NASA ethics officials on
    addressing these contracts from an ethics and conflicts perspective. I
    am committed to working with OGE to identify an appropriate way to
    avoid conflicts of interest related to these contracts and work toward
    a resolution that, if necessary, will be fully described in my Ethics
    Agreement letter.
        3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other
    relationships which could involve potential conflicts of interest in
    the position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will
    resolve each potential conflict of interest.
        I have equity interest in Shift4 Payments, Inc., a payments company
    that predominantly serves restaurants, hotels, sports stadiums and
    theme parks. Shift4 processes some of the payments for SpaceX Starlink
    Internet service, but this represents less than \1/2\ of a percent of
    the company's revenue. I intend to resign from my positions and will
    continue to work with OGE and NASA ethics officials on how to handle my
    interest in Shift4.
        I own ex-military aircraft that are occasionally used in a charter
    or lease arrangement by U.S. Government test pilot schools and for R&D
    testing.
        My separate involvement in contracts with SpaceX is described in
    the previous question.
        In all of these matters, I am working with OGE and NASA ethics
    officials to identify and resolve conflicts in the appropriate time
    frame. We are working toward an Ethics Agreement letter that will
    contain my commitments to resolve existing conflicts. As Administrator,
    I would be committed to full transparency on these issues and I would
    work closely with the agency's ethics staff and OGE to resolve any
    potential conflicts that should arise during my tenure.
        4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial
    transaction which you have had during the last ten years, whether for
    yourself, on behalf of a client, or acting as an agent, that could in
    any way constitute or result in a possible conflict of interest in the
    position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will resolve
    each potential conflict of interest.
        My involvement in contracts with SpaceX is described in the
    previous questions. As noted above, I am working with OGE and NASA
    ethics officials to identify and resolve conflicts in the appropriate
    time frame. As Administrator, I would be committed to full transparency
    on these issues and I would work closely with the agency's ethics staff
    and OGE to resolve any potential conflicts that should arise during my
    tenure.
        5. Identify any other potential conflicts of interest and explain
    how you will resolve each potential conflict of interest. None.
        6. Describe any activity during the past ten years, including the
    names of clients represented, in which you have been engaged for the
    purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or
    modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and
    execution of law or public policy. None.
                                c. legal matters
        1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics,
    professional misconduct, or retaliation by, or been the subject of a
    complaint to, any court, administrative agency, the Office of Special
    Counsel, an Inspector General, professional association, disciplinary
    committee, or other professional group? No.
        If yes:

      a.  Provide the name of the court, agency, association, committee, or
            group;

      b.  Provide the date the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or
            personnel action was issued or initiated;

      c.  Describe the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or
            personnel action;

      d.  Provide the results of the citation, disciplinary action,
            complaint, or personnel action.

        2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by
    any Federal, State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal,
    State, county, municipal, or foreign government entity, other than for
    a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain.
        Yes, in February 2010, when returning from a trip to watch the
    Olympics in Vancouver, I was detained by U.S. Customs and Border
    Protection on a warrant related to a charge for ``drawing and passing
    checks without sufficient funds,''based on a dispute with the Palms
    Casino Resort in Las Vegas over a travel reimbursement that the resort
    promised and subsequently failed to honor. The dispute arose the month
    prior, and I was under the impression the matter was resolved. I was
    not aware that law enforcement was involved in the matter. As a result,
    I was very surprised when CBP took action. However, the matter was
    resolved in less than 24 hours and the charges were dismissed.
        I did then and still now disagree with the other party's handling
    of the matter. I considered civil action against the resort, but opted
    against it to avoid any further headache.
        Following this incident, the Nevada district court sealed all
    records associated with this incident, stating, ``All proceedings
    recounted in the sealed records are deemed never to have occurred.''
    Although it remains sealed, in the interest of full transparency, I
    have disclosed it here for the Committee's awareness.
        3. Have you or any business or nonprofit of which you are or were
    an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency
    proceeding, criminal proceeding, or civil litigation? If so, please
    explain.
        Shift4, the company of which I am currently CEO, and its
    predecessors and subsidiaries have collectively been in business for
    over 25 years. The company, which is publicly traded on the NYSE, is
    infrequently party to lawsuits filed by and against the company. Please
    see attached for PACER listings of litigation involving Shift4, as well
    as its predecessors Harbortouch Payments, LLC, and United Bank Card,
    Inc. Also attached are PACER listings of litigation involving Draken
    International, the company which I co-founded and for which was
    previously CEO, but with which I am no longer affiliated. Also attached
    is a PACER listing of litigation involving me individually.
        To the extent the Committee would like additional information on
    matters listed in the PACER attachments, such as a summary of
    litigation involving Shift4 over a certain time period, please do not
    hesitate to ask.
        With respect to agency proceedings, Shift4 recently settled a
    matter with the SEC involving allegations that the company failed to
    disclose on its annual 10-K forms and/or its proxy statements for FY
    2020 through FY 2022 related person transactions for a total of three
    individuals. This settlement began with outreach from the SEC
    requesting that Shift4 voluntarily provide documents and information
    regarding related persons transactions involving immediate family
    members of Shift4's officers and directors. Shift4 cooperated with the
    inquiry, in the course of which we learned that three individuals'
    names and compensations were inadvertently left off of SEC-required
    reports and disclosures. Those disclosures were made as of April of
    last year.
        Shift4 offered to pay $750,000 to settle the claim. For reference,
    $750,000 is about 0.03 percent of Shift4's annual revenue for 2023. The
    settlement order, which states, ``In determining to accept the Offer,
    the [SEC] considered remedial acts promptly undertaken by [Shift4],
    including making disclosures and improvements to policies and
    procedures concerning related person transactions, as well as
    cooperation afforded the Commission staff,'' is available on the SEC's
    website here: https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-
    102146.pdf. SEC Order  11.
        4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or no/o
    contendere) of any criminal violation other than a minor traffic
    offense? If so, please explain. No.
        5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual
    assault, sexual harassment, or discrimination on the basis of sex,
    race, religion, or any other basis? If so, please explain. No.
        6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information,
    favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in
    connection with your nomination.
        I am a devoted philanthropist and have demonstrated a large
    financial commitment to various causes throughout my life. Below are
    details regarding the contributions of $50,000 or greater I have
    donated to 501(c)(3) organizations in my personal capacity:

       St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (2021, 2022, 2023):
            $123,351,928

       Renaissance Charitable Foundation, Inc. (2022, 2023, 2024):
            $13,150,247

       U.S. Space & Rocket Center Education Foundation (2022, 2023,
            2024): $11,352,879

       Naval Aviation Museum Foundation, Inc. (2021): $5,533,456

       St. Luke's Health Network, Inc. (2023, 2024): $4,776,908

       Lehigh Valley Zoo (2024): $1,000,000

       Edward Charles Foundation (2021, 2022): $650,000

       Davinci Science Center (2022): $571,467

       Baylor College of Medicine (2022): $516,181

       House of Hope Foundation for Kids with Cancer (2023):
            $500,000

       Space Force Historical Foundation (2024): $500,000

       California Institute of Technology (2025): $500,000

       Global Citizen (3-Year Pledge beginning in 2023) (2023,
            2024): $500,000

       Kiddie Hawk (5-Year Pledge beginning in 2023) (2023, 2024):
            $200,000

       Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (2023): $150,000

       Los Angeles Dodgers Foundation (2024): $126,683

       Ukraine House DC Foundation (2022): $100,000

       Business Executives for National Security (2023): $80,000

       El Sistema USA (2023): $75,000

       The Mars Generation (2021): $50,000

       Earthlight Foundation (2023): $50,000
                         d. relationship with committee
        1. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation complies with deadlines for information set by
    congressional committees, and that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation endeavors to timely comply with requests for information
    from individual Members of Congress, including requests from members in
    the minority? Yes.
        2. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation does whatever it can to protect congressional witnesses and
    whistleblowers from reprisal for their testimony and disclosures? Yes.
        3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested
    witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with
    firsthand knowledge of matters of interest to the Committee? Yes.
        4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly
    constituted committee of the Congress on such occasions as you may be
    reasonably requested to do so? Yes.
                                     ______

                       Jared Isaacman--Part A Question 15

                      POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS 2015-PRESENT
                               (through 2/3/2025)
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Jared Isaacman
           (Federal)            Date          Amount             Notes
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    TRUMP VANCE INAUGURAL    11/27/2024    $2,000,000.00
     COMMITTEE, INC.
    WHITESIDES VICTORY       10/29/2024        $5,000.00  JFC contribution:
     FUND                                                  allocated by JFC
                                                           to California
                                                           Democratic Party
                                                           (see below)
    (CALIFORNIA DEMOCRATIC   10/29/2024        $5,000.00
     PARTY)
    DSCC                     10/23/2024       $41,300.00
    MONTANANS FOR TESTER      10/1/2024        $3,300.00
    MICHIGAN DEMOCRATIC        8/1/2024       $10,000.00
     STATE CENTRAL
     COMMITTEE
    MITTEN PAC                 8/1/2024        $5,000.00
    ELISSA SLOTKIN FOR        7/29/2024        $3,300.00
     MICHIGAN
    ELISSA SLOTKIN FOR        7/29/2024        $3,300.00
     MICHIGAN
    CASEY KEYSTONE VICTORY    7/17/2024       $15,400.00  JFC contribution:
     FUND                                                  allocated by JFC
                                                           to Pennsylvania
                                                           Democratic Party,
                                                           Bob Casey for
                                                           Senate, Inc., and
                                                           Keystone America
                                                           PAC (see below)
    (KEYSTONE AMERICA PAC)    7/22/2024        $2,100.00
    (BOB CASEY FOR SENATE     7/22/2024        $3,300.00
     INC)
    (PENNSYLVANIA             7/22/2024       $10,000.00
     DEMOCRATIC PARTY)
    GEORGE WHITESIDES FOR     2/20/2023        $3,300.00
     CONGRESS
    GEORGE WHITESIDES FOR     2/20/2023        $3,300.00
     CONGRESS
    MARK KELLY FOR SENATE     10/1/2022        $2,900.00  In-Kind
                                                           Contribution--Fun
                                                           draising Event
                                                           Catering
    DSCC                      7/11/2022       $26,500.00
    DSCC                      7/11/2022       $23,500.00  Recount Account
    MONTANANS FOR TESTER      3/31/2022        $2,900.00
    BOB CASEY FOR SENATE      3/30/2022        $2,900.00
     INC
    SHAHEEN FOR SENATE        3/30/2022        $2,900.00
    DSCC                      3/29/2022       $10,000.00
    FRIENDS OF MARK WARNER    3/29/2022          $900.00
    FRIENDS OF MARK WARNER    11/2/2021        $2,000.00
    SMP                      10/28/2021      $100,000.00
    SUSAN WILD FOR           10/24/2021        $2,900.00
     CONGRESS
    SUSAN WILD FOR           10/20/2021        $2,900.00
     CONGRESS
    IMPACT                   10/20/2021       $10,000.00  $5,000 refunded on
                                                           11/2/2021
    FRIENDS OF SCHUMER       10/20/2021        $2,900.00
    FRIENDS OF SCHUMER       10/20/2021        $2,900.00
    MARK KELLY FOR SENATE      7/3/2021        $2,900.00
    FRIENDS OF DENNIS ROSS    11/8/2016          $500.00
    FRIENDS OF DAVID JOLLY    10/7/2015        $1,000.00
    GRAVES FOR CONGRESS       3/31/2015        $1,500.00
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Jared Isaacman (State
           & Local)             Date          Amount             Notes
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    JOSH SHAPIRO FOR           3/2/2022          $50,000  ..................
     GOVERNOR
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

                       Jared Isaacman--Part A Question 19
    [GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                       Jared Isaacman--Part C Question 3
                                 PACER--Draken
    [GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                            PACER--United Bank Card
    [GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                                 PACER--Shift4
    [GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                               PACER--Harbortouch
    [GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                             PACER--Isaacman, Jared
    [GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

        Chairman Cruz. Thank you, Mr. Isaacman. I now recognize Mr.
    Haines for his opening statement.

            STATEMENT OF STEVEN H. HAINES, NOMINEE TO BE AN

              ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE FOR INDUSTRY

               AND ANALYSIS, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

        Mr. Haines. Thank you, Mr. Cruz. And here I was thinking
    that all the fanfare outside was for Industry and Analysis, but
    it is not the first time I have had my bubble burst.
        Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and distinguished
    members of the Committee, it is an honor to be with you here
    today. I would like to thank President Trump, Secretary
    Lutnick, and Under Secretary William Kimmitt for putting their
    confidence in me to serve as Assistant Secretary of Commerce
    for Industry and Analysis. I would also like to extend my
    deepest gratitude to Senator Hagerty for introducing me today.
    I feel incredibly fortunate to have his mentorship and support.
        It is also an honor to have several of my family members
    here with me, starting with my incredible wife, Erica Haines,
    who is sitting behind me. In our first year of marriage, she
    asked me what I wanted to do with my life, career-wise, and I
    thought I gave her the right answer, which was to ``be a good
    dad, to be a good husband.'' And she gently reminded me that
    that was the bare minimum and challenged me to aim higher. Her
    continual love and support over the past 10 years of marriage
    has challenged me to do just that.
        Our first son, Henry, is here, as well. It is the honor of
    my life to be his dad and to have him by my side today. His
    little brother, Oscar, has been on the planet for a total of 10
    weeks, so he decided to forego the hearing to stay home with
    his grandmother. He probably taking a nap right now.
        My father-in-law, Guy Detrick, is here from Washington
    State--thank you for being here--as well as one of my three
    older sisters, Heather Pray, and her husband and my best
    friend, Charlie Pray. My parents, Paul and Christy, were unable
    to make the trip to Washington, D.C. today, but they are
    proudly watching from home in Franklin, Tennessee. I inherited
    a tenacious work ethic and a drive for excellence from my
    father and a sense of faith and conviction from my mother. They
    shaped me to the man I am today, and there is no way I could
    ever repay them for that.
        I grew up in Franklin, Tennessee, in the 1990s, at the
    height of Pax Americana. I distinctly remember driving home
    from school with my mom, and her telling me that we lived in
    the greatest country in the world. Even at a young age, I was
    filled with a sense of pride, and excitement, and expectation
    for the future. I truly felt lucky to be an American.
        I carried that pride with me as I left America to study
    abroad and then start a career in the oil and gas industry in
    Asia. No matter where I went, who I met, what I did, I always
    carried that sense that there was no place like home, my home,
    the United States of America.
        In the early 2010s, I started to notice a shift, like a lot
    of people, in the global, geopolitical, and economic landscape,
    and for the first time in my life, America's future felt
    uncertain, and not guaranteed. So through the loving
    encouragement of my wife, who is from the area, I decided to
    move to Washington, D.C., leave the private sector, and pursue
    a career in foreign policy and national security via public
    service. That journey has led me to multiple roles at the
    Department of State, the Pentagon, here in the U.S. Senate, and
    now, for the second time, at the Department of Commerce. The
    colleagues I have worked with, along with the experiences that
    I have gained, have all somehow culminated in the necessary
    preparation for this specific nomination.
        For six months prior to this nomination, I had the
    privilege of performing the duties of the Assistant Secretary
    of Commerce for Industry and Analysis, learning its policies,
    its people, its portfolios, budget, contracts, learning every
    facet of the organization. And it is because of that I feel a
    sense of pride and excitement to have the opportunity to lead
    the organization in an official capacity. And if confirmed, my
    singular focus will be supporting America industry's
    competitiveness through robust understanding and analysis of
    sectors and supply chains, improving and growing I&A's
    analytical capabilities to better respond to trade questions
    facing U.S. policymakers, and empowering the professionals, the
    people who work at I&A to approach their work with a sense of
    subject matter expertise, mastery, autonomy, and purpose. And
    to that end, I look forward to working constructively with this
    Committee.
        Thank you for your time, and I look forward to your
    questions.
        [The prepared statement and biographical information of Mr.
    Haines follow:]

    Prepared Statement of Steven H. Haines, Nominee for Assistant Secretary
       of Commerce for Industry and Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce
        Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and distinguished members
    of the Committee: It's an honor to be with you here today. I am
    grateful to President Trump for my nomination, and to Secretary Lutnick
    and Under Secretary Kimmitt for their confidence in me to serve as
    Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Industry & Analysis. I would also
    like to extend my deepest gratitude to Senator Hagerty for introducing
    me today. I'm incredibly fortunate to have his support and mentorship.
        It is also an honor to introduce my incredible wife, Erica, who is
    sitting behind me. In our first year of marriage, she asked what I
    wanted to do with my life. I told her, ``Be a good husband and
    father.'' She said that was the bare minimum and challenged me to aim
    higher. Her unwavering love and support continue to inspire me to do
    just that. Our first son, Henry, is also here. It is the privilege of
    my life to be his father and to have him by my side today. Henry's
    little brother, Oscar, has been on this planet a total of 12 weeks and
    decided to skip the hearing to stay home with his grandmother. My
    father-in-law, Guy Detrick, is here from Washington State, and one of
    my three sisters is also with me today--Heather Pray--who is
    accompanied by her husband and my best friend, Charlie Pray. My
    parents, Paul and Christy Haines, were unable to make the trip to
    Washington, D.C. today, but are proudly watching from their home in
    Franklin, TN. I inherited a tenacious work ethic and a drive for
    excellence from my father and a sense of conviction and faith from my
    mother. I will never be able to repay them for shaping me into the man
    I am today.
        I grew up in Franklin, Tennessee in the '90s--the height of Pax
    Americana. I distinctly remember my mother driving me home from school
    one day, listening to the radio, and her explaining to me that America
    was the greatest country in the world. Even at a young age, those words
    filled me with a sense of pride, wonder, and expectation for the
    future. I felt incredibly lucky to be an American.
        I carried that pride with me as I studied abroad and eventually
    started my career in the oil & gas industry in Asia. No matter where I
    traveled in the world, I always felt that there truly was no place like
    home.
        In the early 2010s, I began to see the global economic and national
    security landscape shift. For the first time in my life, America's
    future did not feel guaranteed. Through the encouragement of my wife, I
    decided to leave the private sector and pursue a career in foreign
    policy and national security through public service. That journey led
    me to jobs at the Department of State, the Pentagon, the United States
    Senate, and now the Department of Commerce.
        The colleagues I have worked with, along with the experiences I
    have gained, have all culminated in the necessary preparation for this
    role.
        For six months prior to my nomination, I had the privilege of
    performing the duties of assistant secretary of Commerce for Industry
    and Analysis, learning the policies, portfolios, people, budget,
    contracts, and products within the office's jurisdiction. I feel a
    sense of pride and excitement to be presented with the opportunity to
    lead the organization in an official capacity.
        I&A--as it is affectionately called by those who work there--is
    comprised of 23 offices that cover approximately 90 percent of the U.S.
    economy. Its dedicated staff--currently hovering just north of 190
    people--are passionate professionals who engage in their work with
    expertise and a sense of mission.
        In addition to leading the Committee on Foreign Investment in the
    United States (CFIUS) for the Department, I&A is also the only unit
    within the Department of Commerce that provides essential trade data
    and analytical support that feeds into a wide variety of trade policy
    workstreams and decisions.
        In short, I&A continually punches above its weight, especially at a
    time when the global trading order is being rapidly reshaped to benefit
    the United States for decades to come.
        If confirmed, my singular focus will be supporting American
    industry's competitiveness through robust understanding and analysis of
    sectors and supply chains, growing and improving I&A's analytical
    capabilities to better respond to the complex trade questions U.S.
    policymakers are facing, and empowering the professionals who work at
    I&A to engage in their work with a sense of mastery, autonomy, and
    purpose.
        I look forward to working constructively with this Committee to
    that end. Thank you. I look forward to your questions.
                                     ______

                          a. biographical information
        1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): Steven Harold
    Haines.
        2. Position to which nominated: Assistant Secretary of Commerce for
    Industry and Analysis.
        3. Date of Nomination: September 3, 2025.
        4. Address (List current place of residence and office addresses):

            Residence: Information not released to the public.
            Office: Information not provided.

        5. Date and Place of Birth: Information not provided.
        6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your
    spouse (if married) or domestic partner, and the names and ages of your
    children (including stepchildren and children by a previous marriage).

            Erica Haines, Client Advisor, Oak Rose Group

        7. List all college and graduate schools attended, whether or not
    you were granted a degree by the institution. Provide the name of the
    institution, the dates attended, the degree received, and the date of
    the degree.

            University of Nevada, Reno, 2006-2009, BA International
            Affairs, May 2009

            National Taiwan Normal University, 2007, Study Abroad

            Southwest University for Nationalities, 2007-2009, Study Abroad

            George Washington University, 2017-2019, MA Asian Studies, May
            2019

        8. List all post-undergraduate employment, including the job title,
    name of employer, and inclusive dates of employment, and highlight all
    management-level jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to
    the position for which you are nominated.

            U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security,
            Senior Advisor, Sept. 2025 to present

            U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade
            Administration, Senior Advisor, April 2025-Sept. 2025

            U.S. Department of State, Member Policy Planning Staff, Jan.
            2025-April 2025

            Office of Senator Bill Hagerty, Brookings LEGIS Fellow, Jan.
            2023-Jan. 2025

            Black Walnut Brewery, Bartender, April 2023-November 2024.

            U.S. Department of State, Foreign Affairs Officer, Mar. 2020-
            Jan. 2023

            U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security,
            Export Analyst Nov. 2021-Feb. 2022 (Detail from State)

            U.S. Department of Defense, Country Director for China, Jan.
            2021-July 2021

            U.Group (Now IntelliBridge, LLC), Senior China Research
            Analyst, Dec. 2019-Mar. 2020

            Ernst & Young, LLC, Associate, Oct. 2018-Dec. 2019

            Panton, Inc., Director of Business Development, Feb. 2016-Aug
            2018

            Ruelco, Inc., International Business Development Manager, Sept.
            2009-Feb.2016

        9. Attach a copy of your resume. Attached.
        10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time
    service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other
    than those listed above after 18 years of age. None.
        11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee,
    partner, proprietor, agent, representative, or consultant of any
    corporation, company, firm, partnership, or other business, enterprise,
    educational, or other institution. None.
        12. List all memberships you have had after 18 years of age or
    currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational,
    political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religiously
    affiliated organization, private club, or other membership organization
    (You do not have to list your religious affiliation or membership in a
    religious house of worship or institution). Include dates of membership
    and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note
    whether any such club or organization restricts membership on the basis
    of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.

            Council on Foreign Relations, 2022-2027

            Alexander Hamilton Society, 2021

            Foundation for Defense of Democracies, 2021

            The Heritage Foundation, 2020

            Sigma Phi Epsilon 2006-2009 (male only)

        13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office
    (elected, non-elected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any
    campaign has any outstanding debt, the amount, and whether you are
    personally liable for that debt. No.
        14. List all memberships and offices held with and services
    rendered to, whether compensated or not, any political party or
    election committee within the past ten years. If you have held a paid
    position or served in a formal or official advisory position (whether
    compensated or not) in a political campaign within the past ten years,
    identify the particulars of the campaign, including the candidate, year
    of the campaign, and your title and responsibilities. None.
        15. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign
    organization, political party, political action committee, or similar
    entity of $200 or more for the past ten years. None.
        16. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary
    society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition
    for outstanding service or achievements.

            Superior Honor Award, U.S. Department of State, 2021 & 2023

            Council on Foreign Relations, Term Member, 2022-2027

            Alexander Hamilton Society Security and Strategy Seminar
            Fellow, 2021

            Foundation for Defense of Democracies National Security Fellows
            Program Fellow, 2021

            Young Professional in Foreign Policy U.S.-China Futures Project
            Participant, 2020

            The Heritage Foundation George C. Marshall Fellowship, 2020

            Presidential Management Fellow (PMF) Finalist, 2019

            William Johnson Outstanding Graduate Student Award in Asian
            Studies, 2019

            Scottish Rite Graduate Endowment Fellowship, 2018-2019

            National Security Education Program (NSEP) David L. Boren
            Fellowship Recipient, 2018 (Declined)

            Foreign Language Area Studies (FLAS) Fellowship--Mandarin
            Chinese, 2017-2018

            Foreign Language Area Studies (FLAS) Fellowship--Mandarin
            Chinese, 2018-2019

            Freeman-ASIA Scholarship, 2008-2009

            University Studies Abroad Consortium (USAC)/International
            Affairs Scholarship, 2009

            UNR-NTNU Intensive Chinese Language Study Scholarship, 2007

        17. List all books, articles; columns, letters to the editor,
    Internet blog postings, or other publications you have authored,
    individually or with others. Include a link to each publication when
    possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the
    publication when available. None.
        18. List all speeches, panel discussions, and presentations (e.g.,
    PowerPoint) that you have given on topics relevant to the position for
    which you have been nominated. Include a link to each publication when
    possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the
    speech or presentation when available. None.
        19. List all public statements you have made during the past ten
    years, including statements in news articles and radio and podcasts and
    television appearances, which are on topics relevant to the position
    for which you have been nominated, including dates. Include a link to
    each statement when possible. If a link is not available, provide a
    digital copy of the statement when available. None.
        20. List all digital platforms (including social media and other
    digital content sites) on which you currently or have formerly operated
    an account, regardless of whether or not the account was held in your
    name or an alias. Include the full name of an ``alias'' or ``handle'',
    including the complete URL and username with hyperlinks, you have used
    on each of the named platforms. Indicate whether the account is active,
    deleted, or dormant. Include a link to each account if possible.

            https://www.linkedin.com/in/stevenhaines2/ (active)
            https://x.com/stevenhaines (active)

        21. Please identify each instance in which you have testified
    orally or in writing before Congress in a governmental or non-
    governmental capacity and specify the date, committee, and subject
    matter of each testimony.
        Not Applicable.
        22. Given the current mission, major programs, and major
    operational objectives of the department/agency/commission/corporation
    to which you have been nominated, what in your background or employment
    experience do you believe affirmatively qualifies you for appointment
    to the position for which you have been nominated, and why do you wish
    to serve in that position?
        I have served in policymaking and operational roles at the
    Department of Commerce, Department of State and the U.S. Senate that
    are directly relevant to issues within the purview of the International
    Trade Administration. Prior to my nomination, I performed the duties of
    the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Analysis (I&A) for
    six months. During this time, I became intimately involved in the
    policies and portfolios that are housed under l&A as a business unit,
    in addition to the administrative, personnel, and budgetary engines
    that make I&A run.
        Previous relevant experience includes directly supporting U.S.-
    manufactured oil and gas equipment exports internationally, conducting
    U.S. industry competitive analysis for U.S. government agencies, and
    directly leading interagency policy initiatives for multiple U.S.
    agencies.
        23. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to
    ensure that the department/agency/commission/corporation has proper
    management and accounting controls, and what experience do you have in
    managing a large organization?
        While performing the Duties of the Assistant Secretary, I
    personally reviewed, approved, or denied every financial and personnel
    decision within l&A. l&A's budget team is outstanding and supported me
    in this effort. Additionally, I ensured that key leadership roles,
    including the six Deputy Assistant Secretaries in I&A, and the office
    directors and team leads in all 23 offices within I&A were filled and
    focused on administration and departmental priorities. My
    responsibilities, if confirmed, will be to ensure that tax dollars are
    focused on actual policy priorities that will provide a return on
    investment for the American people.
        24. What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the
    department/agency/commission/corporation, and why?

      1)  Rebalancing global trade: For the past several decades, America
            has exported its industries, businesses, and jobs overseas for
            lower costs and bigger margins at the expense of the American
            people. Restoring our industrial base is an immense challenge
            and will take coordinated, intentional policy, drive and focus.

      2)  Modernization: The Department of Commerce's infrastructure,
            technology, and workforce need to be brought into the 21st
            century. Centralized management of IT systems through multiple,
            redundant contracts hamper progress. Modernizing the Department
            in these areas will require hard decisions, prioritization, and
            coordination with Congress, 0MB, and others.

      3)  Implementing Policy Objectives: The President and Secretary have
            set ambitious policy goals that I&A is directly responsible for
            implementing, including onshoring and revitalizing U.S.
            manufacturing, securing critical mineral supply chains, and
            ensuring that key events like the FIFA World Cup and the 2028
            Olympics are a success. If confirmed, focusing the resources
            within I&A to achieve these objectives will be a tremendous
            challenge, but one that the team is up for, and one that I am
            ready to lead, if confirmed.
                       b. potential conflicts of interest
        1. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation
    agreements, and other continuing dealings with business associates,
    clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement
    accounts, such as a 40l(k) or pension plan.
        Thrift Savings Plan (TSP)
        2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal,
    to maintain employment, affiliation, or practice with any business,
    association, or other organization during your appointment? If so,
    please explain. No.
        3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other
    relationships which could involve potential conflicts of interest in
    the position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will
    resolve each potential conflict of interest. None.
        4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial
    transaction which you have had during the last ten years, whether for
    yourself, on behalf of a client, or acting as an agent, that could in
    any way constitute or result in a possible conflict of interest in the
    position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will resolve
    each potential conflict of interest. None.
        5. Identify any other potential conflicts of interest and explain
    how you will resolve each potential conflict of interest.
        Not Applicable.
        6. Describe any activity during the past ten years, including the
    names of clients represented, in which you have been engaged for the
    purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or
    modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and
    execution of law or public policy. None.
                                c. legal matters
        1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics,
    professional misconduct, or retaliation by, or been the subject of a
    complaint to, any court, administrative agency, the Office of Special
    Counsel, an Inspector General, professional association, disciplinary
    committee, or other professional group? If yes:

      a.  Provide the name of the court, agency, association, committee, or
            group;

      b.  Provide the date the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or
            personnel action was issued or initiated;

      c.  Describe the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or
            personnel action;

      d.  Provide the results of the citation, disciplinary action,
            complaint, or personnel action.
        No.
        2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by
    any Federal, State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal,
    State, county, municipal, or foreign government entity, other than for
    a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain. No.
        3. Have you or any business or nonprofit of which you are or were
    an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency
    proceeding, criminal proceeding, or civil litigation? If so, please
    explain. No.
        4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or nolo
    contendere) of any criminal violation other than a minor traffic
    offense? If so, please explain. No.
        5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual
    assault, sexual harassment, or discrimination on the basis of sex,
    race, religion, or any other basis? If so, please explain. No.
        6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information,
    favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in
    connection with your nomination. None.
                         d. relationship with committee
        1. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation complies with deadlines for information set by
    congressional committees, and that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation endeavors to timely comply with requests for information
    from individual Members of Congress, including requests from members in
    the minority? Yes.
        2. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation does whatever it can to protect congressional witnesses and
    whistleblowers from reprisal for their testimony and disclosures? Yes.
        3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested
    witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with
    firsthand knowledge of matters of interest to the Committee? Yes.
        4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly
    constituted committee of the Congress on such occasions as you may be
    reasonably requested to do so? Yes.
    [GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

        Chairman Cruz. Thank you, gentlemen. Congratulations on
    both your nominations. And I will say, Mr. Haines, your 10-
    week-old son would have certainly been welcome here this
    morning. With some frequency, Senators have been known to cry
    and sleep fitfully, so he would have fit well in this body.
        Mr. Isaacman, welcome back. As you know, NASA's human
    spaceflight program and its Artemis, in particular, is critical
    to maintaining U.S. leadership in space. But as I think you can
    appreciate, space flight comes at a significant cost. Its
    success requires program stability. The United States cannot
    dominate in space if our commitments change wildly from one
    administration to the next, or from one appropriation process
    to the next.
        That is why the NASA section of the One Big Beautiful Bill
    Act, which I authored, outlines a stable path forward for the
    agency. It gives clear guidance on the Artemis Moon mission, it
    paves the way for commercial space stations in low-Earth orbit,
    and it invests in NASA's infrastructure to be able to execute
    its exploration missions.
        Will you commit to this Committee and to the Senate to full
    and timely compliance with the law's requirements, if you are
    confirmed?
        Mr. Isaacman. Yes, Senator, I do.
        Chairman Cruz. Let's dive into those requirements. Congress
    wrote into the One Big Beautiful Bill that there shall be a
    stable, fully funded path for Artemis at least through Artemis
    V. Congress also dedicated money for the Gateway Lunar Orbit
    Space Station and the Orion Crew Capsule.
        Artemis is the key, I believe, to both beating China to the
    lunar surface and to maintaining a U.S. presence at the Moon.
    What concrete steps will you take to maintain the Artemis
    program's long-term stability?
        Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I appreciate the question, and
    similar to my previous hearing I absolutely believe that the
    current architecture with SLS is the fastest path to achieving
    our near-term lunar objectives, which should be to return to
    the Moon before our great rival and establish the
    infrastructure so that we can recognize the scientific,
    economic, and national security value.
        Now, we have the first mission, which is approaching in
    just a matter of months, which is Artemis II, where we will fly
    around the Moon. The next mission, Artemis III, we are going to
    land astronauts on the Moon. There is a lot that has to happen
    in between Artemis II and III. So in that respect I am grateful
    that the One Big Beautiful Bill affords us the opportunity of
    additional heavy-launch vehicles through Artemis IV and V.
        Now, with respect to the continuity of the mission,
    Senator, in order for us to actually land the astronauts on the
    Moon, it will mean that, one, or ideally two, commercial
    partners will have pioneered reusable, heavy-launch lift
    capabilities and orbital propellant transfer to get the lander
    to the lunar environment. And when we see American astronauts
    walk on the moon again it means one or both of them were
    successful.
        So in doing so, after completing the Artemis V mission,
    which is already contemplated in the One Big Beautiful Bill, we
    should have numerous options available to us to have routine
    and affordable missions to the lunar surface for continuity
    beyond Artemis V.
        Chairman Cruz. It is also part of U.S. law that it is
    American policy to have sustained human habitation either on
    the Moon or in cislunar orbit. Do you agree with that
    objective, and do you commit to doing everything humanly
    possible to achieving it?
        Mr. Isaacman. I do, Senator. I think the President of the
    United States would be very excited to see a lunar base.
        Chairman Cruz. And I will say, just a minute ago you talked
    about competing providers. I want to be very clear. I have no
    particular interest in one provider versus another. My interest
    is in making sure the objective is achieved. And at times, some
    have suggested that the objective of going to the Moon and the
    objective of going to Mars are intention. I do not believe they
    are intention. I believe both are critical.
        America will be the first to land on Mars. That is
    critically important. That is written into law, and I was proud
    to author that provision in law. But I also think, at the same
    time, we cannot lose the Moon and lose the race to the Moon to
    China. Do you agree that both are critical priorities?
        Mr. Isaacman. I do, Senator. And again, consistent with my
    prior testimony before this Committee, there actually are
    parallel efforts underway. Now, there is no question the
    overwhelming near-term priority is to return American
    astronauts to the Moon and again, establish an enduring
    presence on what is a very scarce piece of real estate that we
    are interested in at this time.
        But as I mentioned before, in order for those American
    astronauts to step foot off a lander onto the lunar surface it
    means one or both, and actually potentially many more,
    commercial providers will have pioneered reusable heavy-lift
    launch capabilities and on-orbit prop transfer, which is the
    same capability, really the next giant leap capability, that
    America needs for missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.
        Chairman Cruz. The International Space Station, which is
    managed from Texas's Johnson Space Center, is scheduled to be
    retired by 2030. It will be replaced by one or more
    commercially developed stations, partially funded by NASA, and
    partially by private partners.
        Congress has been clear that a gap in our presence in low-
    Earth orbit would jeopardize U.S. strategic interests. Will you
    commit to guaranteeing a continuous human presence in low-Earth
    orbit, and a continuous American presence, during your tenure,
    and to ensure that there is no gap between the retirement of
    the ISS and the transition to commercial LEO destinations?
        Mr. Isaacman. I absolutely commit to that, Senator. As I
    mentioned in my opening remarks, we can never accept a gap in
    our capabilities again, not in low-Earth orbit or our ability
    to reach the Moon. I, like a lot of space enthusiasts, dream of
    the day where we have multiple commercial space stations in
    low-Earth orbit. But I think in order for that to be a
    financially viable model, we have to absolutely maximize the
    remaining life of the International Space Station, get the
    highest potential science and research to the Space Station, to
    crack the code on the orbital economy, to give all these
    commercial space stations a fighting chance.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Cantwell.
        Senator Cantwell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Sorry, I had to
    step out for a minute and take a call from another member. But
    I just want to make sure I heard everything you just said
    correctly on this. So when Secretary Duffy, as the Acting,
    announced NASA would reopen to compete Artemis III human lander
    to ensure America would reach the lunar surface in 2028, you
    agree with that decision, and will you fully commit to this re-
    competition?
        Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, I mean, both SpaceX and Blue
    Origin were already awarded contracts through a competitive
    process to build the lander, and I do not think it was lost on
    either one of those organizations that the first company that
    is capable of delivering a lander to take American astronauts
    to the lunar surface and back is the one that this Nation is
    going to go with. I think that competition is fantastic. I
    think the best thing for SpaceX is a Blue Origin right on their
    heels, and vice versa.
        Senator Cantwell. Great. Well, we are glad they re-
    competed, and when I first became Ranking Member of the
    Committee we argued for the redundancy of competition. There is
    nothing like competition to get the product that we need. And I
    think the decision that was made was based on the urgency to
    return by 2028. So you believe in that process?
        Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I absolutely agree with competition.
    I think we need competition for the vendors that support NASA's
    critical mission. I think competition among world powers is
    actually a really good thing, just as long as we do not lose.
        Senator Cantwell. Yes, OK. The R&D issue about high-rate
    composites, I mentioned in my opening statement the HiCAM
    project, which does have NASA's support in trying to generate
    more composites. We have, with Idaho, established a tech hub in
    thermal plastics, and really believe that the United States
    should not lose this race for hi-rate composite manufacturing.
        Will you fight to keep for NASA's aeronautic budget to
    sufficiently fund such HiCAM operations and support the
    technology development that is needed for aerospace materials?
        Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I think it is squarely in the
    responsibility of the aeronautics portion of NASA to work on
    the absolute cutting-edge materials that will ensure the
    competitiveness of our aeronautics industry well in the future.
        Senator Cantwell. OK. And then how can you further leverage
    NASA's university work for development and research?
        Mr. Isaacman. I think, I mean, there are a couple of parts
    to that, Senator. First, I think, in general, it is part of
    NASA's responsibility toward inspiration and STEM education to
    award grants to academic institutions that give students hands-
    on opportunities with hardware, ideally inspire them to want to
    graduate and either work at NASA or contribute to industry.
        Also, I just think it is a great way to crack the code on
    important research that is going to bubble up toward NASA
    achieving its important objectives.
        Senator Cantwell. Thank you. And Mr. Haines, how do we get
    the supply chain onshoring or supply chain materials, similar
    to the same subject? One of the reasons I became interested in
    the tech hub is actually an Idaho employer came to me and said,
    ``Do you understand the Europeans are trying to buy us?'' and I
    was like, ``No, I didn't understand that.'' And he said, ``Yes.
    Everybody is looking for the best technology, and they see it
    in our country, and they want to buy it, and we are not doing
    it and creating the supply chain.''
        So how do you think in this job and role you can help
    improve supply chain identifications for America's
    competitiveness, particularly in manufacturing?
        Mr. Haines. Thank you, Senator. One word simply is mapping.
    We are doing this across a wide variety of sectors, critical
    minerals one, mine the market, the term that we use often. We
    have to understand the supply chain, understand where their
    chokepoints are, if any. There are two components within
    Industry Analysis that do supply chain analysis, the Trade
    Policy and Analysis, or TP&A, division, as well as the Supply
    Chain Center. There is a good amount of overlap there. If
    confirmed, one of my sole focuses is going to be supercharge
    our analytic capabilities, bring some currently out-of-house
    tools in-house, to be able to answer specific questions just
    like that, and to be able to have a little bit more control in
    terms of mapping and analytics and supply chains.
        Senator Cantwell. And do you look at this issue as a true
    competition issue with China and other countries, to make sure
    that we are mapping these supply chains?
        Mr. Haines. It absolutely is. It is a competitive issue
    across the board. I would say yes, Senator.
        Senator Cantwell. OK. And then there is legislation
    sponsored by myself, Blackburn, Blunt Rochester, and Young on
    promoting resilient supply chain. Will you look at that and
    tell us whether you can support that legislation?
        Mr. Haines. I have looked at it. We provided initial TA,
    and if passed I would be happy to implement it to the fullest
    extent and work with the Committee to do so.
        Senator Cantwell. You do not see any problems with it now?
        Mr. Haines. I would have to read the bill over again. The
    current text is escaping me. But I am happy to do that and get
    back to you.
        Senator Cantwell. For the record that would be great. Thank
    you so much, Mr. Chairman.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Moran.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. JERRY MORAN,
                        U.S. SENATOR FROM KANSAS

        Senator Moran. Chairman, thank you. Thank you and Senator
    Cantwell for exhibiting greater speed than the normal Senate
    process in having this hearing in hopes that----
        Chairman Cruz. I am pretty sure glaciers move at greater
    speed.
        Senator Moran. We share that view, Mr. Chairman, and nice
    to see that this Committee is moving forward in regard to
    confirmation, consideration and confirmation of a new NASA
    Administrator. And I look forward to his confirmation and look
    forward to the Senate considering--the approval of this
    Committee and the Senate approving it, presumably next week.
        Mr. Isaacman, let me start with you. My intended questions
    changed a bit because I received a letter this week from a
    Kansas farmer, and it captured my attention because I certainly
    share the views of Senator Cantwell and Senator Cruz in regard
    to the Moon and Mars, and I suppose nationally what the public
    thinks about NASA is we are on our way to some object in space,
    and we are exploring space. But NASA has lots of roles. You
    have talked about STEM education being one of them.
        I want to mention, for a moment, the mission directive of
    science, and the letter that captured me is from a Kansas
    farmer named Mr. Roth. And he indicates to me that ``NASA's
    earth science investments''--I am reading from his letter--
    ``now directly support U.S. farmers in ways that were
    unimaginable even a decade ago. Tools based on NASA's data and
    science, like OpenET, NISAR, the Rangeland Analysis Platform
    provide real-time, field-level insight into soil moisture,
    biomass, drought stress, water use, yield stability. These are
    not ``future technologies,'' he says. ``They are already built,
    functional, and being used in states like mine today.'' He
    mentions, ``FIAT is a national farmer-science partnership that
    brings early development producers together with NASA
    researchers to co-develop practical on-farm tools using
    satellite data. This mission is to unite farmers with NASA to
    turn Earth observation technology into real-world decisions
    that support profitability, water efficiency, and risk
    reduction.''
        A Kansas farmer found value in NASA. It is something we do
    not always talk about and think about when we think about
    space.
        I am looking for your thoughts in response to what this
    farmer is reminding me of. How do you see NASA supporting or
    operationally developing the satellites that support precision
    agriculture? Tell me your response to this idea that NASA has a
    role to play in the everyday lives of Kansas and American
    agriculture?
        Mr. Isaacman. Thank you for the question, Senator. I mean,
    at the present time we only inhabit one planet, and earth
    science is pretty vitally important. It is a role that NASA has
    had since the agency was established. We have Landsat
    satellites up there that are looking down, understanding
    droughts and flooding and wildfires, natural disasters, almost
    essentially in real time, that obviously play a direct role on
    the agriculture community. There is obviously our GPS
    constellations that are going to go hand-in-hand with
    agriculture equipment for next-generation farming. So I do see
    this as a vital role that NASA continues to fulfill.
        Senator Moran. I thank you for that statement, that
    commitment. I am pleased to be a member of this Committee, and
    I chair the Subcommittee on Aviation and Space. But I also
    serve as the Chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee
    that funds NASA as well as the Department of Commerce. And Mr.
    Isaacman, have you had a chance to look at our budget, our
    appropriations bill, and any response to what our committee has
    approved and what we expect to be on the Senate floor in the
    next two weeks?
        Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, I do not think I can really
    comment on any pending legislation other than to say that we
    will absolutely maximize every dollar Congress affords to the
    agency.
        Senator Moran. Would you expand that commitment to say that
    you will execute the funding that we provide to NASA in this
    legislation as it is intended to be spent?
        Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I will always follow the law, sir.
        Senator Moran. Thank you. I would also use this opportunity
    to indicate on our success in bringing the Commerce, Justice,
    Science bill to the Senate floor. I encourage all my colleagues
    who are so excited about space exploration and going to the
    Moon, and going to Mars, and maybe who have an interest in
    agriculture and earth sciences, I would encourage them to
    actually vote for the appropriation bill so that we can, in
    addition to authorizing and confirming personnel, we can
    actually accomplish the goals that this Committee is spending
    time this morning highlighting.
        Let me ask about another aspect. I have 14 seconds. Let me
    a question, in fairness, so that the gentleman from Tennessee
    is not ignored, that a bit follows the question of Senator
    Cantwell, and that is making sure that using ITA not only as a
    trade remedy and for export promotion but to be a proactive
    partner in shaping industrial policy, improving supply chain
    resiliency, and strengthening U.S. competitiveness. Tell me
    that you believe that is a significant component of what your
    job is and will be?
        Mr. Haines. Thank you, Senator. That is the core component
    of the job.
        Senator Moran. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you, Senator Moran. And Senator Kim
    has very kindly agreed to allow Senator Moreno to skip in front
    of him in line since Senator Moreno has to preside on the
    Senate floor. So thank you, Senator Kim, and I recognize
    Senator Moreno.

                   STATEMENT OF HON. BERNIE MORENO,
                         U.S. SENATOR FROM OHIO

        Senator Moreno. Thank you, Senator Kim, and that does not
    mean I am going to be less harsh on you in the pickleball
    court. But thank you for doing that. I appreciate that. Thank
    you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you, Mrs. Isaacman, for putting up
    with this double-take process. I am sure having a great,
    supportive spouse has been critical in your life like it has
    been for mine.
        Mr. Isaacman, as the Administration looks to accelerate
    Golden Dome and strengthen national security space
    capabilities, how do you see NASA and the U.S. Space Force
    better coordinating their work in power, propulsion,
    communications, and hypersonic missile testing, especially
    given the unique test environments at places like Armstrong
    Test Facility, to avoid duplication and move faster?
        Mr. Isaacman. Thank you for the question, Senator. So
    clearly NASA's job is the peaceful exploration of air and
    space. It is also not lost on us that this is a domain that is
    of great strategic importance, and I do think in a fiscally
    constrained environment it is important that we are not having
    duplicate infrastructure or various bespoke programs when we
    could have a more unified approach to it.
        For example, a lot of the work that is done both at Glenn
    and Marshall Space Flight Center with nuclear has applications
    for peaceful exploration of space, surface power programs, but
    also Department of War implications. And I would hope that we
    could collaborate, at least with some of our counterparts in
    other agencies, again to avoid any duplicative spending or
    inefficient application of resources.
        Senator Moreno. That is great. Speaking of nuclear, at NASA
    Glenn Research Center we are leading in the development of a
    100-kilowatt lunar fusion reactor. How should NASA build on
    this leadership in nuclear power and propulsion to ensure that
    the U.S. stays ahead in returning to the Moon and reaching
    Mars?
        Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I love that question. I think NASA
    is funded by the taxpayers to do the near impossible, as I
    mentioned in my opening remarks, what no other agency or
    organization or even company is capable of doing or dares to
    do. I think NASA should be evolving to work on grand, almost
    mini-Manhattan Project nuclear programs that have the benefit
    for surface power applications, especially when you are out of
    sunlight or you are undertaking discovery missions, let's say
    past Mars, for example, or even actually on the surface of Mars
    for manufacturing propellant.
        So I think this working, whether it is on nuclear electric
    propulsion, nuclear thermal propulsion, surface power programs,
    there are a ton of applications that NASA should be working on
    in that regard. And when NASA does work on the near impossible,
    what no one else is doing, it attracts the kind of talent that
    wants to participate in those programs and achieve these kinds
    of, I guess, world-changing breakthroughs.
        Senator Moreno. I appreciate that, and I look forward to
    having you and hosting you in Cleveland at NASA Glenn. A very
    easy trip from home. So I will not keep him long. He will be
    home for dinner if he comes and visits, as opposed to Texas,
    really far away. It is a very out-of-your-way trip to go down
    there. But Cleveland, right around the corner.
        Mr. Haines, the U.S. depends on specialized aerospace
    supply chains. What is your plan to strengthen domestic
    component manufacturing and reduce reliance on Chinese
    suppliers?
        Mr. Haines. Thank you for that question, Senator, and thank
    you again for meeting with me yesterday. I appreciated the time
    and hearing what your priorities are.
        I would say three things. One is the role of Industry
    Analysis is to support a wide variety of trade policies. We are
    currently conducting a number of different investigations. We
    are supporting a number of different investigations, like
    Section 232s, 301s at USTR. And as a part of that we are
    understanding what these supply chains are, where they head,
    and how to create the incentives to bring those back here to
    the United States. We are meeting with industry regularly. Our
    Deputy Assistant Secretary for Manufacturing was just at the
    Dubai Air Show, met with Boeing, met with a number of different
    aviation companies, understanding what their needs are and
    coming up with creative solutions to bring that back here to
    America.
        Senator Moreno. And last question, you do, obviously, a lot
    of data. I mean, your jobs is to really make certain that
    people understand what the set of circumstances are. Others
    opine and make decisions, et cetera. Would it be possible
    without President Trump's policies for us to have gone from 51
    percent of the cars sold in America being made in America at
    the beginning of this calendar year, to where we are right now,
    which is at 57 percent and climbing of the cars sold in America
    being made in America? Without President Trump's policies,
    would that 6-point swing in less than a year have been
    possible?
        Mr. Haines. No, Senator.
        Senator Moreno. Thank you. No questions. Thank you, Mr.
    Chairman.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you, and now I recognize Senator Kim.

                      STATEMENT OF HON. ANDY KIM,
                      U.S. SENATOR FROM NEW JERSEY

        Senator Kim. Thank you, Chairman. Mr. Isaacman, good to see
    you again. Last time around we had a lot of opportunities to be
    able to talk between the two of us. We both stressed how
    important NASA is and space exploration is to our country, to
    our science. And while we did not see eye-to-eye on everything,
    I was willing to support you.
        Now you come before us again, and one thing that has come
    up that is on my mind right now is having seen a document named
    ``Project Athena''. So I guess I just want to ask you, what is
    Project Athena, and do you stand by what is in that document?
        Mr. Isaacman. Thanks for the question, Senator. At the time
    of my previous nomination, moving into a new environment such
    as government service, and that responsibility is great as the
    leadership of NASA, I had caught a draft document that I
    continued to update, based on my interactions with, well, the
    briefing leadership at NASA's agency, my interactions with
    various Senators and their staff, basically ideas, thoughts on
    the direction the agency research requests. It was always
    something that was meant to be, you know, refined with actual
    data should I have been confirmed in it. But I do stand behind
    everything in the document. Even though it was written 7 month
    ago, I think it was all directionally correct, consistent with
    prior testimony and my interactions with various Senators.
        Senator Kim. So you were the author of the document?
        Mr. Isaacman. I am, Senator.
        Senator Kim. Are you the sole author of the document?
        Mr. Isaacman. I am, Senator.
        Senator Kim. So I guess the challenge that I have is when
    you came before this Committee a couple of months, actually in
    response to the Chairman, you said to him, quote, ``Senator, I
    have no intention as of now to say that I would cancel any
    program. I need to, if I am confirmed to be getting a job,
    understand where things are at.'' And what we had talked about
    is that if you were confirmed that you would go in, you would
    allow yourself to be in the job before you make these
    decisions, you would engage with the NASA employees and others.
        So when I see in ``Project Athena'' comments like calling
    for a reevaluation of sustained lunar presence, I mean, you
    said to the Chairman today that you are committed to Artemis,
    committed to an enduring presence on the lunar surface. But
    then you just tell me right now that you stand behind the
    document and stand behind, I assume, this statement about
    reevaluating a sustained lunar presence?
        So I am just having trouble understanding what to believe.
    So do you stand by that comment, that line in Project Athena,
    about reevaluating a sustained lunar presence?
        Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, I mean, it was 62 pages worth
    of material, so I imagine any one sentence or so can be taken
    out of context. But in my prior testimony before this Committee
    I said it was imperative for us to realize our near-term lunar
    objectives. I think at the time I said, and determine the
    scientific, economic, and national security value of being on
    the lunar surface. I think today I come before you because
    there is overwhelming clarity within the Administration of not
    only to return to the Moon before our rival but also establish
    the infrastructure for an enduring presence. So that naturally,
    you know, 6, 7 months is an awful lot of time.
        But, you know, I would say, Senator, there are probably 10
    pages within that plan that call for research requests, to make
    sure that you gather the accurate information to inform a
    definitive plan. But I certainly do stand behind the idea that
    if anyone is going into a position of great responsibility it
    is better to go in with a plan than none at all, sir.
        Senator Kim. But isn't it better also to have humility in
    the job and to be able to go and engage the experts and
    scientists who have been doing this work? I mean, I do not mind
    people having a vision and having priorities, but you had told
    this Committee that you would hold off on making up your mind.
    But the document very much came--and I was not trying to take
    anything out of context. I am giving you the opportunity to
    explain it.
        For instance, you responded to a colleague of mine about
    the importance of climate science and the role that science is
    playing, NASA is playing in that way. But in the Project Athena
    you said, quote, well, you say, quote, ``NASA should be taken
    out of taxpayer-funded climate science business and leave it
    for academia to determine.'' That stands in contrast, I feel
    like, with things that we have heard you say before.
        So I guess I wanted to ask you, do you stand by that
    statement of taking NASA out of the climate science business?
        Mr. Isaacman. Well, and Senator, first of all, I completely
    agree with you, by the way. I think humility is an important
    quality of leadership. And that is why, again, I would say if
    it is not 10 pages it could be 20 pages of the 62 that
    specifically call for research requests from across the
    associate administrators, the various subject matter experts,
    to inform a definitive plan. That is throughout the entire
    document. There are very----
        Senator Kim. Did not seek a request. It was determinative
    in saying that it should take out. And also in terms of laying
    out cutting of thousands of civil servant positions. So look, I
    am out of time. We will follow up. But as I said, I am trying
    to be someone who can work together. I think this needs to be
    bipartisan going forward. But some of what I saw in that
    document was in contrast to things that I heard you say before,
    at least that you had assured me about. It is OK to say that
    you changed your mind or that you do not agree with everything
    that you said in that document. I had expected you to say that.
    But instead when you come here before us today and say that you
    stand behind what is in that document, that causes us to have
    further follow up here to understand what your positions are.
        Mr. Isaacman. And Senator, I would welcome any opportunity
    to get together, and I would happily talk through anything in
    that plan or that document and give you the rationale behind
    it, and I would welcome your feedback. To do this job is going
    to absolutely take the collaboration and cooperation with this
    Committee and Congress.
        Senator Kim. Thank you for that. And with that I yield
    back.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. ERIC SCHMITT,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM MISSOURI

        Senator Schmitt [presiding]. Thank you. Mr. Isaacman, I
    wanted to ask you. So, let's just pretend you are in Missouri,
    among a group of students, constituents, just a good cross-
    section of my state. If you were to answer the question, why is
    it important that the United States of America gets to the Moon
    first or gets to Mars first ahead of the Chinese, what would be
    your answer?
        Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, I think there are a couple
    reasons, one of which is fulfilling a promise that has been
    made by every President since 1989, and over $100 billion that
    has been funded by taxpayers on our grand return to the Moon. I
    think it is imperative that we do so, and failing to do so
    calls into question American exceptionalism beyond just our
    expertise in the high ground of space.
        Second, I do believe, as I mentioned in my opening remarks,
    that when we return, we will have an opportunity to determine
    and realize the scientific, economic, and national security
    value on the lunar surface. Now, an example I used in my
    previous hearing is that there is helium-3 on the Moon, not a
    lot of it, but certainly more than there is here on Earth, and
    that is predicted to be a more efficient source of fusion
    power.
        Now, I mean, our foreign policy and wars have been fought
    for a century over sources of power. To get that wrong could
    have implications here on Earth that could change the balance
    of power.
        Senator Schmitt. We have, in this country, I think, a
    pretty robust ecosystem of new companies, small businesses,
    disruptors that have entered the fray here as it relates to
    whether it is commercial space exploration or travel or what
    have you. How can NASA, in your role, help cultivate that work
    with them? Because I do think that is one of the advantages we
    have over China in this race. What can you do in potentially
    this new role?
        Mr. Isaacman. Senator, it is a great question. And a lot of
    people do believe generally these are new developments, but in
    reality, going back to the 1960s in the space race, NASA worked
    alongside some of our great aerospace companies. I mean,
    whether it was Boeing or McDonnell Douglas----
        Senator Schmitt. McDonnell Douglas.
        Mr. Isaacman.--and Northrop for sure, sir. So, a lot of
    those names are still very relevant within the space program
    today. And then there are also a lot of new names that is
    referred to sometimes as new space or commercial space. I think
    it is going to take the contributions of the many to do the
    near impossible.
        Now, where NASA can play a role, as consistent in the past,
    which is sharing its expertise and talent to help these new
    companies. When NASA does tend to figure out the near
    impossible and it is mature enough technology to hand it off to
    industry where innovation can improve upon the capability and
    lower cost, that is a great outcome.
        I also think NASA can do a very good job expressing the
    need. What is the requirement? Because there are lots and lots
    of commercial space companies now. I think Ranking Member
    Cantwell mentioned, I think said over 1,000 in her state alone.
    That is fantastic. We just want to make sure they are all
    working on things that bubble up to our most important
    objectives.
        So, I think NASA can do an even better job of working with
    industry to outline the problems that need to be solved and
    ensure we are concentrating American ingenuity in the right
    direction, sir.
        Senator Schmitt. Well, I think that to put on the parochial
    hat for a moment, I think St. Louis is a defense tech hub with
    former McDonell Douglas and Boeing with their defense side, the
    NGA West, which is completing their new facilities, a lot of
    opportunities, which leads to sort of the next question on
    quantum. Washington University in St. Louis is doing a lot of
    really important work here. How do you see NASA's role in
    furthering that mission, to be on the cutting edge?
        Because I think what I was getting at with the first
    question, all of this, civilizations come and go, right? And in
    many ways, whoever has the most advanced technology, whether it
    is warfare or on more of the commercial side, they tend to
    thrive and win out, win this great competition. And NASA is
    playing a very important role, and will continue to play an
    important role. How do you see, on the quantum side, NASA
    working with research institutions and the private sector?
        Mr. Isaacman. It is an excellent, excellent question,
    Senator.
        Senator Schmitt. Thank you, by the way. Thank you for that.
        Mr. Isaacman. I mentioned earlier about the importance of
    determining the orbital economy. So for 60 years, other than a
    few exceptions, the space economy has still come down to
    launch, observation, and communication, which is largely funded
    by the government. And if we do want a very exciting space-
    faring civilization in the future with lots of space stations
    and orbital lunar outposts and Mars bases, we are going to
    actually have to figure out that economy. There is a lot of
    prospect when it comes to quantum computing, quantum
    communications.
        And what I would like to do is ensure that the highest
    potential science and research has an expeditious path to the
    International Space Station, so we can maximize that remaining
    life and then hopefully crack the code on the orbital economy
    that gives all the commercial space stations a fighting chance.
    So, quantum has a number of applications that can take
    advantage of the unique environment of microgravity, sir.
        Senator Schmitt. Well, thank you for your service, and I
    wish you all the best in this new position. Good luck. Yep.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. GARY PETERS,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM MICHIGAN

        Senator Peters. Welcome, gentlemen. Welcome to the
    Committee and congratulations on your nominations. Mr.
    Isaacman, welcome back to the Committee. You were here before
    for this position. And as we all know, President Trump withdrew
    your nomination earlier, citing concerns with your, I believe,
    political donations to Democratic candidates. And in a July 6th
    post on Truth Social, the President also stated that it would
    be absolutely inappropriate for you to head NASA given your
    close relationship with SpaceX CEO, Elon Musk.
        Since that time, there have been additional reports that in
    the time between your nomination being pulled and now being
    renominated by the President, I think you have donated roughly
    $2 million to President Trump's Super PAC.
        So, based off this information, I am concerned that the
    decisionmaking around this position may not have been about
    ensuring NASA has strong leadership to carry out its mandate.
    So could you please explain what happened to make President
    Trump reconsider the decision to pull your nomination and what
    assurances you may have provided, if any, that your
    relationship with Elon Musk and SpaceX would not create a
    significant conflict of interest for you in this role?
        Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, there is a lot there, so I
    will try and hit it all. If I miss----
        Senator Peters. Attack it all.
        Mr. Isaacman.--If I miss anything, please ask me to
    correct. So, first and foremost, I would not even begin to want
    to speculate why the President nominated me, withdrew it, and
    renominated me other than to say I was grateful for the
    opportunity in the first place. It was an incredible
    experience. When the President pulled my nomination, he gifted
    me an extended summer vacation where I could take my kids on
    some adventures before they lose interest in me. And then I
    understand that he ran a competitive process and interviewed
    several candidates. I was grateful for consideration at the
    time and happy to be here now.
        In terms of donations, I think it was covered over the
    summer, I actually felt I had enough exposure to Washington and
    got over maybe some of the initial intimidation factors, so
    much so that I thought perhaps I would have a political career,
    maybe be able to contribute for all the right reasons. So it
    should not be surprising that I supported the Republican Party.
    I mean, at the same time period, I probably made 30 times that
    amount in donations to charitable causes.
        And then with respect to Elon Musk, that question comes up.
    In fact, every story I see that writes about my nomination
    refers to the Musk ally or the Musk friend. It is funny that in
    a world where everybody has a phone with a camera on it, there
    are no pictures of us at dinner, at a bar, on an airplane, or
    on a yacht, because they do not exist. My relationship with Mr.
    Musk is the fact that I led two missions to space at SpaceX
    because it is the only organization that can send astronauts to
    and from space since the shuttle was retired. And in that
    respect, my relationship is no different than that of NASA.
        Senator Peters. Very good. Mr. Haines, congratulations on
    your nomination to such a critical role, as well. If confirmed
    as the Assistant Secretary, you will oversee the Office of
    Industry and Analysis, which is housed under the International
    Trade Administration. As part of the office's responsibilities,
    I&A produces trade data that is responsible for informing trade
    policies and decisions across the Federal Government. I think
    it is safe to say, and I hope you agree, that without accurate
    data, the Federal Government and this Administration risk
    making shortsighted and ill-informed decisions that could
    impact domestic industries and workforces, as well as alienate
    some of our closest international allies.
        As you may be aware, earlier this year, the President fired
    the Commissioner of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which is
    responsible for compiling critical economic data like
    employment numbers, as well as the inflation rate. Not only was
    this firing clearly political in nature, because the President
    did not like what the data said, it also calls into question
    the accuracy of data produced going forward from the BLS.
        So my fear is that this firing and other offices throughout
    the Federal Government, including I&A, which you will oversee,
    will face political pressures from the President to produce
    certain figures, certain metrics that align with his policy
    goals, rather than actually publishing what the country needs,
    which is unbiased data and statistics.
        So my question for you, do you believe that there is any
    political influence in the data currently being produced by the
    Office of Industry and Analysis? And how do you plan, if
    confirmed, in ensuring that I&A continues to produce the
    unbiased data, which is absolutely essential to policymaking?
        Mr. Haines. Thank you for that question, Senator Peters.
    The short answer is no, there is no political bias in the data
    that we produce. And if confirmed, it will be one of my highest
    priorities to ensure that the data we receive both from
    industry partners, American companies, and from unbiased data
    sources, both private proprietary will remain of the highest
    integrity.
        Chairman Cruz [presiding]. Thank you. Senator Sheehy.
        Senator Sheehy. Thank you, Chairman. Mr. Haines, we have
    heard a lot about the politicization of job numbers and
    economic statistics over the past year since President Trump's
    taken office, but isn't it accurate that Gina Raimondo had an
    800,000-job revision when she was Secretary of Commerce under
    the Biden administration?
        Mr. Haines. That is possible, Senator. I am not sure the
    exact statistics, but----
        Senator Sheehy. Yes. No, that is what happened. That is the
    facts. So we are routinely told that this Administration of the
    Republican Party has politicized numbers, we have warped data,
    and we have lied to the American people. And the truth is, we
    saw manufacturing flee this country, 97 percent of rare earths
    and critical minerals are processed in China. That data did not
    seem to move the needle at all despite us watching for decades
    as manufacturing-critical industries fled this country under
    overburdensome regulation and incentivization that sent those
    industries to other countries.
        And every administration, whether they had politicized
    data, non-politicized data, they chose to either ignore the
    data or lie about the data and sent those industries overseas.
    And now we are paying for that every single day.
        And Jared's job is going to be exponentially harder because
    so much of the critical materials he is going to need to send
    our astronauts back to the Moon and maintain space dominance
    does not come from America. And some of our most sensitive
    technology is built with components that are made in China, the
    very country that is working every single day to undermine our
    supremacy.
        So I would like to hear your plan on making sure that not
    just that we have the data, but you are ensuring that data is
    shared in a timely manner so that we can make sure we are
    making policy decisions in this body, as well as in the
    Executive Branch, to ensure that we are bringing those
    industries back and ensuring we have dominance for the next
    century?
        Mr. Haines. Thank for that question, Senator Sheehy. First,
    you do have my commitment that we will be able to share that
    data with this Committee and work collaboratively to solve
    these critical issues.
        In the Executive Branch, I can give one specific example.
    I&A plays a critical role in the investment committee that is
    currently tasked with solving our critical mineral supply chain
    issues. We are mapping mine-to-markets for all 54 critical
    minerals. We have identified over 700 projects, and have
    already deployed or committed letters of intent and term sheets
    for about $16 billion worth of projects, covering about half of
    the 54 critical minerals. That is just one aspect of the work
    that I&A is doing in terms of providing that data and making
    sure that principals and decisionmakers in the White House,
    obviously Secretary Lutnick, have the information they need to
    make the decisions to solve these problems. And we will
    continue to do that, if confirmed.
        Senator Sheehy. Is there a statute that structurally ties
    you to the Department of War so that the economic data that you
    are gathering and synthesizing is actually communicated in a
    timely manner to the people that need to know at DoW?
        Mr. Haines. I am not aware of a specific statute. We do
    have good connectivity with the Pentagon, Office of Strategic
    Capital, and other areas within acquisition sustainment, partly
    due because we have just some cross-pollination of personnel
    and just good relationships with the folks over there, but it
    could be strengthened. And if there are ideas from this
    Committee of how to strengthen that, I will be willing to share
    them and would be willing to work with you to do that.
        Senator Sheehy. Yes. I would encourage you to do that
    because obviously what we have seen, again, especially in the
    last 35 years, is we have seen a pretty sclerotic bureaucracy
    overtake our defense acquisition system, which has placed
    process over outcomes. There needs to be a forcing function
    that ensures that DoW is not making procurement decisions and
    national economic strategy decisions related to our defense
    industrial base that are delinked from the economic reality of
    what happens here.
        And unfortunately, there is not a real feedback loop there,
    and the results have been apparent. China build ships 230 times
    faster than we do. They have the ability to put more planes in
    the air at times than we have missiles to shoot them down. They
    have more materiel on the battlefield, the ability to project
    that power. And when we talk about the space economy, every
    American interacts every single day with space a thousand times
    a day. They do not even realize it, you know, GPS. Without
    thinking about, we press go on the Apple Maps and do not
    realize that if we do not have an orbital infrastructure that
    provides that GPS data, life shuts down. I mean, Uber does not
    show up at the street corner with you anymore. Your DoorDash
    does not arrive.
        Our entire life evolves around an orbital economy that will
    be critical in Jared's new role, but probably even more
    critical given your role to ensure we understand that those
    rare earths, the quantum computing that Senator Schmitt talked
    about, that all is going to derive from the data you provide
    DoW to make sure that our economic supremacy goes hand-in-hand
    with our military supremacy.
        So I would encourage you to try to make that link a little
    more structural and strengthen that because it is going to be
    absolutely critical in the next 10 years. Thank you.
        Mr. Haines. Thank you, Senator.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Markey.

                   STATEMENT OF HON. EDWARD MARKEY,
                    U.S. SENATOR FROM MASSACHUSETTS

        Senator Markey. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Good to see you
    again, Mr. Isaacman. You may recounter that during your last
    nomination hearing, you refused to confirm whether Elon Musk,
    with whom you have deep personal and financial ties, was
    present at the meeting that then President-Elect Trump offered
    you the job of NASA Administrator. So I wanted to give you one
    more chance to set the record straight. Was Elon Musk in the
    meeting at Mar-a-Lago when President Trump offered you the job?
        Mr. Isaacman. Senator, it is great to have a conversation
    again. I thought we really ran this one to the ground last
    time. But what I will tell you, Senator, and I wish I had the
    opportunity to explain it further before, is my first interview
    with the President--I think I have had several opportunities
    since to reengage--was in a ballroom type setting, Senator.
    There were dozens of people moving in and out that I would not
    say were in the meeting.
        Senator Markey. It is a very simple question. Was President
    Trump in the room when--was Elon Musk in the room when
    President Trump offered you the job?
        Mr. Isaacman. Senator, my interview, my conversations with
    the President, and there were dozens of people moving in and
    out of the room, and I do not think it is fair to bring any of
    them into this matter.
        Senator Markey. So once again, you are refusing to tell us
    whether Elon Musk was in the room that day. And that actually
    makes me think that Elon Musk was in the room that day, but
    that you understand that it is a clear conflict of interest
    that he was there. You are asking us to confirm you as the next
    NASA Administrator, and SpaceX gets $15 billion from American
    taxpayers for its business with NASA. You also have multiple
    financial relationships with Elon Musk, including investments
    in SpaceX, a contract between his company, Starlink, and your
    payments company. And even more, you bought space flights from
    SpaceX. Mr. Isaacman, what was the value of these contracts for
    space flights with SpaceX?
        Mr. Isaacman. Well, I mean, Senator, just to clarify on
    these points, I have no direct or indirect equity exposure to
    any aerospace company, including SpaceX. I have disclosed all
    of my financial ties to the ethics officials at NASA as well as
    the Office of Government Ethics. They have generated an ethics
    letter. I fully intend to adhere to it.
        I more than acknowledged that I went to space twice with
    SpaceX, but I point out they are the only company capable of
    sending astronauts to and from space since the shuttle was
    retired. My relationship with them is no different than NASA's.
    In fact, if there was more than one company, I suspect I would
    have paid less.
        Senator Markey. So what was the value of the contracts for
    space flights with SpaceX?
        Mr. Isaacman. I mean, Senator, I do not think it is lost on
    anyone that going to and from space is rather expensive. We
    never disclosed the----
        Senator Markey. Well, your financial paperwork suggests
    that was over $50 million. So was it $100 million? Was it $200
    million?
        Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I mean, we have never disclosed it
    other than the fact that we were able to raise substantially
    more than the cost of the mission for charitable causes like
    St. Jude.
        Senator Markey. So you won't tell us how much you paid the
    man who publicly campaigned for your nomination. Will you
    request that SpaceX release you----
        Mr. Isaacman. They did not give me a discount, Senator.
        Senator Markey. I appreciate that, but you were paying him.
    Will you request that SpaceX release you from the NDA so that
    you can provide the Committee with this information?
        Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I will commit to always work with
    the appropriate ethics professionals to make sure I am
    continuously in compliance with my ethics agreement.
        Senator Markey. Will you ask them to release you from the
    NDA so that you can provide that information to the Committee?
        Mr. Isaacman. I have no issue asking them to release me
    from non-disclosure, Senator.
        Senator Markey. OK. That would be helpful. Mr. Isaacman,
    can you tell us, since President Trump initially withdrew your
    nomination, have you had any communication with Mr. Musk about
    the job of NASA Administrator?
        Mr. Isaacman. I have not, Senator.
        Senator Markey. You have not. So the American people
    actually deserve to know how much money you have spent
    personally on SpaceX and whether the head of SpaceX and
    Starlink, Elon Musk, was personally involved in your
    nomination, because we are looking at conflicts of interest so
    big that they have their own center of gravity, and we just
    have to make sure that it is all out there and it is fully
    understood by the American people.
        And since your last nomination, we have received the
    President's 2026 budget request, which proposes a nearly 50
    percent cut to NASA's science funding. Do you support President
    Trump's proposal to cut NASA's science funding in half?
        Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I certainly support the President's
    goal of reducing the deficit and shrinking our national debt.
    Now, an awful lot has happened from the initial Presidential
    budget request, to the Continuing Resolution that we have been
    operating in, to the One Big Beautiful bill that has plussed up
    additional funding for NASA. So if I am confirmed, I would love
    to get my arms around where we are presently at.
        Senator Markey. Well, a 50 percent cut to the NASA science
    budget is dramatic. And considering reports about your, quote,
    ``Project Athena'' plan for NASA, which literally banks on the
    decimation of our scientific abilities, among other things this
    document calls for NASA to stop collecting its own data and
    instead set up a taxpayer-funded subscription service from
    private companies for their products, companies that will set
    their own price for data that NASA needs to function on an
    ongoing basis.
        Would Starlink or SpaceX be companies that NASA would
    potentially have to turn to to obtain data?
        Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, first of all, I think pretty
    much everything you just said there was not correct. What that
    draft document contemplated was working with commercial
    companies for certain types of earth observation data, not
    SpaceX or Starlink. I think I specifically called out Planet
    and BlackSky as examples of companies that might be able to
    deliver Earth observation and climate science data at lower
    costs, specifically to free up resources for other planetary
    science missions that commercial companies are not capable of
    doing.
        Senator Markey. Well, I would say this. The proposal--and
    this is the truth--the proposal would strip NASA of parts and
    instead transfer taxpayer funds directly to the bank accounts
    of Starlink and SpaceX, companies owned by the very same man
    who may or may not have been in the room when Trump offered you
    the job. And we are just going to have to keep a very close eye
    on what will unfold at NASA if you are confirmed.
        OK. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Budd.

                      STATEMENT OF HON. TED BUDD,
                    U.S. SENATOR FROM NORTH CAROLINA

        Senator Budd. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you all for
    being here. Mr. Isaacman, great to see you again. Let's talk
    about NASA's Quesst program of quiet supersonic. It is designed
    to derisk the science, validate the quiet supersonic
    technologies, and then let American industries like Boom, for
    instance, which has a presence in North Carolina, let them take
    the lead in building the commercial market.
        So as Administrator, how will you ensure that NASA stays
    focused on enabling that new industry and avoids creating
    unintentional regulatory or technical barriers for the next
    generation supersonic flight?
        Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, this is certainly a subject
    that I am pretty passionate about. I do think it is NASA's job,
    I believe it is funded by taxpayers, to explore the near
    impossible in air and space. And when they arrive at a major
    development and that capability is mature enough, to hand it
    off to industry where competition can drive innovation and
    bring down costs.
        X-59 is an interesting example. There is some overlap with
    what Boom's doing. I think actually Boom is an extraordinary
    company. I would love to see a lot more American companies
    trying to break the status quo and take on big, bold projects
    like that.
        I think NASA just needs a lot more X-planes, honestly. That
    was a really exciting one that we all had an opportunity to
    watch rather recently alongside the recent performance from
    Boom. But I would love to see us have multiple programs that
    are exploring radical designs in airframe and propulsion. And
    when they do have those breakthroughs, not dissimilar to the
    1970s, 1980s when NASA was experimenting with fly by-wire and
    thrust vectoring capabilities that have made their way in
    commercial aircraft as well as military aircraft like the F-22.
        Senator Budd. Do you think there is a problem with Quesst
    eventually competing against Boom? Do you think that is a
    potential problem?
        Mr. Isaacman. No. I would certainly hope----
        Senator Budd. I would say the whole industry, not just Boom
    in particular.
        Mr. Isaacman. I would certainly hope not, Senator. I
    actually do not think NASA is at its best when it is doing what
    industry is doing, because at that point, talent would
    naturally probably gravitate to industry where they get the
    advantage of, who knows, appreciating stock options and such. I
    think NASA should constantly be recalibrating to work on that
    near impossible, what no one else is doing, which is going to
    attract that kind of exciting technology, that is going to
    attract that kind of talent to work on that exciting
    technology. When they figure it out, they hand it off to
    industry, and they recalibrate to the next big, bold endeavor.
    I think that serves the talent workforce and the mission of
    NASA very well.
        Senator Budd. Thank you. In your testimony earlier, you
    were clear that United States is in the middle of a second
    space race. The great rival that you mentioned spent more than
    a decade establishing a space Silk Road, offering collaboration
    on satellite space launch, space infrastructure development to
    more countries across the Middle East and North Africa.
        So how does this sort of space diplomacy from an adversary
    affect our prospects for continuing dominance in space? And
    what is your vision for space diplomacy of ours?
        Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, I think there are a couple
    parts to that. So first, NASA has always been referred to as a
    soft power. There are lots of diplomatic implications to their
    mission. A lot of our greatest endeavors are worked on with our
    allies across Europe, the Middle East, Canada, for example.
        I think what is concerning now is that some of these
    countries have more than one choice. So for the longest time
    period, America owned the ultimate high ground of space, and
    that attracted the interest of many nations to want to
    collaborate and partner with us. The Chinese do have their own
    space station now. They went from a single taikonaut in orbit
    approximately 20 years ago to having a space station where they
    are launching at an extraordinary cadence.
        So I think this is why there needs to be urgency to take a
    close look at NASA, what is going right, and do a lot more of
    that, and the things that are going wrong, to clear those
    obstacles and paths so we can get back to doing world-changing
    missions again.
        Senator Budd. Yes. Sounds great. Thanks again for your
    time. Chairman.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Lujan.

                   STATEMENT OF HON. BEN RAY LUJAN,
                      U.S. SENATOR FROM NEW MEXICO

        Senator Lujan. Mr. Chairman, thank you so very much for
    that and for calling this hearing. Mr. Isaacman, welcome back
    to the Commerce Committee. I guess I will just start out by
    simply asking, Mr. Isaacman, do you believe in science?
        Mr. Isaacman. Of course, Senator.
        Senator Lujan. Do you support science?
        Mr. Isaacman. I do, Senator.
        Senator Lujan. You have conducted a lot of science
    experiments throughout not just your youth, but through your
    career. Correct, sir?
        Mr. Isaacman. Yes, sir.
        Senator Lujan. I appreciate that. Now, a few of my
    colleagues have raised the concern about the nearly 50 percent
    cut to NASA's Science Mission Directorate, a directorate that
    is explicitly foundational to NASA's 1958 congressional
    charter. I think by the very nature of the number of questions
    that you are receiving today from colleagues about NASA, it
    shows the broad support for the science mission at NASA, as
    well. Congress has already made clear that we rejected these
    cuts and will continue to fund the scientific missions that
    uphold NASA's statutory purpose.
        My question, yes or no, is do you agree that NASA has a
    statutory obligation under its founding charter to conduct and
    support Earth and space science for the benefit of the nation?
        Mr. Isaacman. Yes, sir.
        Senator Lujan. I appreciate that. This is going great, Mr.
    Isaacman. Many of NASA's science programs are not commodities.
    You cannot run a value-added calculation on dual-use
    information that supports both science discovery and national
    security. Now, for example, these missions provide
    indispensable space weather data. We were chatting about that
    before. I appreciate my colleague reminding us all across
    America when we pull out our devices or we are depending on the
    simple services that we interact with every day, that we are
    touching some of this, and we depend on it.
        Like your friend, Mr. Musk, I would say some of the
    commercial actors, they depend on after solar activity has
    repeatedly disrupted their constellations, as well. Now, NASA,
    Earth Science assets also ensure GPS integrity, track
    environmental changes, everything you just described. U.S.
    military readiness, critically important. National security,
    the importance of the Science Directorate.
        So let me ask you directly, yes or no, will you execute the
    funds appropriated by Congress for NASA's critical science
    missions exactly as Congress has directed?
        Mr. Isaacman. Yes, sir. We will maximize the scientific
    value of every dollar that Congress affords the agency.
        Senator Lujan. I appreciate that very much. My last
    question is, while I did not support the reconciliation bill
    that passed over the summer, there are pieces of it,
    particularly in NASA's section, that hold promise, and I
    appreciate the inclusion of them. For example, the NASA section
    funds a Mars telecommunications orbiter, specifically one that
    was proposed independently when NASA solicited its commercial
    industry for Mars sample return mission architecture from
    space. I see you nodding. You are very familiar with this, I
    imagine.
        Mr. Isaacman. Reasonably familiar, Senator.
        Senator Lujan. The orbiter would not only support future
    exploration missions, but most importantly it would help
    support the critical comms relay needed for existing and future
    science missions like the Mars sample return.
        Now, New Mexico is home to companies like Rocket Lab who
    produced the world's highest efficiency space-grade solar and
    powered critical NASA missions and would power the MTO, for
    example.
        So yes or no, do you commit to following through on the
    letter of the law and ensuring a rapid acquisition strategy for
    the MTO to be able to deliver it by the law's 2028 due date?
        Mr. Isaacman. Senator, my commitment to you and all the
    other members is always to follow the law. As a space
    enthusiast, I am super excited about any activities that open
    up further science and discovery on Mars.
        Senator Lujan. I appreciate that very much. Thank you, Mr.
    Chairman.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Klobuchar.

                   STATEMENT OF HON. AMY KLOBUCHAR,
                      U.S. SENATOR FROM MINNESOTA

        Senator Klobuchar. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. And I
    am going to start out with a kind of interesting question about
    agriculture data, Mr. Isaacman. I do not think many people
    understand that NASA satellite data is hugely valuable for
    farmers. Programs like NASA Acres and NASA Harvest use
    satellite imaging to forecast production and monitor crop
    yields. I am the Ranking Member on the Ag Committee, and I have
    introduced legislation called the ``Agriculture Innovation
    Act'' to strengthen that data collection.
        Could you talk about your plans to preserve and expand
    those types of monitoring programs, weather patterns, and the
    like, and how you can better work with the Department of
    Agriculture?
        Mr. Isaacman. Sure, Senator. I appreciate the question. As
    I mentioned with Senator Moran before, at the present time we
    at least inhabit only a single planet, and it is probably
    important for us to continue to study it to the greatest extent
    possible. NASA has had a long-running program with Intelsat. I
    fully support that we should be gathering data that especially
    contribute to hardships here on Earth. I mean, obviously there
    are great agriculture opportunities, but these can be impacted
    by droughts and wildfires and flooding. And grateful that NASA
    has the capability to gather some of this data in real time. I
    do not see that going away ever.
        Senator Klobuchar. Thank you. Other end of our state, Mayo
    Clinic, which I am sure you are aware of, they have been
    involved in space medicine since 1960, when research related to
    the force of gravity during acceleration influenced the
    position of seats for the Mercury space flight program. And
    most recently, they have identified some important research
    project in the field of aging, regenerative medicine, that can
    be conducted in space.
        How will you continue to support NASA and institutions like
    Mayo's efforts to advance science that helps here on Earth?
        Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I could not agree with this area of
    study more. We are actually quickly reaching a point where it
    is no longer a technological limitation for deep space type
    missions, but human physiology and psychology. So in that
    respect, I obviously fully support all the studies that can be
    done so that when the day comes that we actually send NASA
    astronauts to Mars, that they can come home healthy enough to
    tell us about it. This is probably the single greatest
    accomplishment we have had on the International Space Station
    over the last quarter of a century, is keeping humans alive in
    an environment that is quite challenging.
        Senator Klobuchar. Mm-hmm. And then just on the research
    side, a lot of academic institutions like the University of
    Minnesota rely on publicly funded data from NASA's missions.
    And as NASA continues to partner with private firms, the
    commercial data is not as easily accessible to researchers. And
    I think it is a balance. Obviously the partnering with private
    has brought with its some success, but then you want to have
    the public institutions be able to access that data for the
    public portion of this, which has helped us. I am not going to
    go through all the inventions and things that have come out of
    this type of space mission.
        So what steps will you take to ensure that data from NASA
    missions continues to remain available for researchers across
    the country?
        Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I actually, I fully support it, and
    I think this actually goes to some of the questions from
    Senator Markey before. I absolutely think that NASA should be
    making available all of its data, especially its earth
    observation data, freely to academia so they can draw their own
    conclusions from it. I do not think it is the most helpful
    every 4 or 8 years when administrations change that certain
    scientific positions become overly political. I think that we
    should be making that data available to academic institutions
    and let their scientists and research draw their own
    conclusions.
        Senator Klobuchar. Thank you very much. Mr. Haines,
    congratulations on your nomination. We have a lot of
    manufacturers in my state, a lot of them high-end robotics
    manufacturers. We do a huge amount of trade, not just in the Ag
    area where we are fourth in the country for Ag exports, but
    throughout our industries.
        Could you talk about data that the Department of Industry
    and Analysis can provide Congress and the public transparency
    data with the price impacts of things? We are obviously
    concerned about tariffs.
        Mr. Haines. Thank you, Senator. I would say a few things.
    We usually provide data as it compares to bilateral trade flows
    and sectoral competitiveness, not provide broad economic data
    in terms of labor statistics or GDP growth or anything like
    that. Any data that we do have on specific sectors, especially
    as they are in your state, I am happy to discuss those with you
    and your staff. And by the way, thank you to your staff for
    meeting with me yesterday and understanding a little bit more
    about your priorities on the Committee. So absolutely, if
    confirmed, a commitment to you to provide the data that we do
    have.
        Senator Klobuchar. Very good. And I think my time is
    running out. I will put this in writing. But I do a lot with
    Brand USA. And Senator Sullivan and I just introduced major
    reauthorization of this. And Senator Rosen over here cares a
    little bit about this, representing Las Vegas. And so just
    anything you can do to strengthen programs like Brand USA, that
    do not use taxpayer dollars, to ensure we continue to remain
    competitive with U.S. tourism, and especially with World Cup,
    the 2028 Olympics, and other major, major events that are
    coming up.
        Mr. Haines. Yes, ma'am, Senator, you absolutely have my
    commitment to do that. I have met with Fred Dixon and Brand USA
    multiple times. The Secretary has met with them multiple times.
    And we look forward to working with them in a collaborative
    effort to make sure that travel and tourism remains
    competitive.
        Senator Klobuchar. OK. Thank you.
        Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Young.

                     STATEMENT OF HON. TODD YOUNG,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM INDIANA

        Senator Young. Well, thank you, Chair. I thank our nominees
    so much for your interest in serving. Mr. Isaacman, enjoyed our
    breakfast some days ago, and I expect to support your
    nomination and very much appreciate your presence here.
        Mr. Haines, congratulations. The global economy is
    increasingly driven by cross-border data flows, digital
    services, and online platforms. And U.S. firms are facing more
    foreign barriers such as data localization rules and
    discriminatory digital taxes.
        Within ITA, Industry and Analysis is already involved in
    tracking these digital barriers and advising on market access
    for U.S. providers. If confirmed, Mr. Haines, how do you see
    I&A's role in digital trade evolving, and what would be your
    top priorities for ITA's work on open digital markets and
    cross-border data flows?
        Mr. Haines. Thank you for that question, Senator Young, and
    I appreciate also speaking to your staff yesterday.
        Senator Young. Yes, sir.
        Mr. Haines. It was good to hear your priorities.
        I would say two things. Within the Deputy Assistant
    Secretary for Services, which is under the Assistant Secretary
    for Industry and Analysis, we run two specific programs that
    focus on data privacy. One is the cross-border privacy rules,
    or CBPR. It is a voluntary certification where U.S. companies
    can opt into essentially adhere to robust data protections. And
    we then request that various countries recognize those rules
    and adhere to those standards.
        As we have been going through the agreements on reciprocal
    tariffs or any of the bilateral trade agreements, we have been
    making sure that CBPR is front and center in terms of the
    standard that we want to hold our bilateral trading partners to
    in the digital space.
        The second program and its sister programs would be the
    U.S.-EU data privacy framework. We have also started a program
    with the U.K. and the Swiss. I think it provides a very firm
    foundation in terms of allowing free flow of personal data from
    Europe to the United States. I think those are two good
    foundations that we could expand upon, especially as we are
    getting into the U.S.-EU trade agreements, as Secretary Lutnick
    is heavily involved in, and we will be supporting him and his
    efforts, knowing that that is going to be a cornerstone of the
    agreement.
        Senator Young. Thank you, Mr. Haines. Mr. Haines, on
    another matter, China's predatory practices in sectors like
    steel, critical minerals, and advanced manufacturing have
    continuously put sustained pressure on U.S. companies. Inside
    ITA, Industry and Analysis brings together industry engagement
    and trade policy analysis, so it sees both what companies are
    experiencing and how the rules of the system are working in
    practice.
        If confirmed, Mr. Haines, what are a few concrete things
    you would build or change inside I&A to sharpen ITA's China
    work? For example, specific analytic products, priority
    sectors, or support for trade agreement enforcement.
        Mr. Haines. Thank you, Senator. The most current concrete
    example I can provide you again is our current work on mapping
    critical mineral supply chains. I mean, this is the main trade
    issue in the U.S.-China trading relationship, and one that the
    President and Secretary Lutnick are laser focused on solving.
    Currently, we are providing mapping information for all 54
    minerals. We are really focusing on the processing and refining
    side of the equation, given that, in that sense, China
    dominates the supply chains there. And we are going to continue
    to work with the White House-led Investment Committee to ensure
    that we not only understand those supply chains but are able to
    secure them and thus secure a number of different sectors that
    are downstream that require these critical components. So if
    confirmed, that would be one of my main focuses is to continue
    that work and help to secure those supply chains.
        Senator Young. Well, since your point of emphasis is on
    critical minerals, maybe you could speak to this. I have
    advocated for a number of years running that our country
    developed a national economic security strategy. This would be
    an analog to our national defense strategy. A subset of an
    economic security strategy would be a strategy for critical
    mineral resilience and sourcing on an ongoing basis.
        Might I&A play a role in development of a written strategy
    subject to scrutiny, but ultimately some measure of consensus
    around what the policy is so that we could develop a policy
    that would endure beyond this Administration, just as we do
    through a national defense strategy?
        Mr. Haines. Yes, sir, Senator. I would imagine that any
    strategy like that would probably be White House-led, like a
    national security strategy, national defense strategy. And if
    something like that were to come into existence, I would
    imagine that we would absolutely be asked to provide support in
    developing that. And if it does come to fruition and I am
    confirmed, I would be delighted to do so.
        Senator Young. Well, great. Well, I hope we will have an
    opportunity to work together on that broader matter, which I
    agree would have to come from the White House. I know they are
    listening, so I thought I would bring it up. But I expect that
    I will be supporting your nomination, and thank you for
    answering my questions. Chairman.
        Senator Sheehy [presiding]. Senator Rosen.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. JACKY ROSEN,
                        U.S. SENATOR FROM NEVADA

        Senator Rosen. Well, thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you
    to the witnesses here for taking us to space and a little bit
    more, I will say, Nevada specific because we have a proud
    graduate of University of Nevada Reno here who knows lots about
    critical minerals in our state and tourism in our state. And I
    fully support working on a national strategy because Nevada, of
    course, has some of the largest critical mineral deposits in
    the country. And so we are very mineral rich, as you know, and
    thank you for being here.
        But I am going to focus a little bit on tourism. I am going
    to bring us down to Earth and ask about my travel and tourism
    work and some of the bills that we have had. Because in 2023, I
    had a bipartisan bill, the Omnibus Travel and Tourism Act was
    signed into law. And that bill created a position of Assistant
    Secretary of Travel and Tourism at the Department of Commerce.
        The new position is a first tourism-dedicated Assistant
    Secretary in the United States, and among other matters, is
    responsible for setting annual visitation goals, creating
    whole-of-government strategies to ensure that visitation goals
    are met, establishing interagency coordination to support U.S.
    tourism, which I would argue is in the top economic driver of
    every state in our great nation. This new office will also play
    an essential role to reducing barriers to travel and leveraging
    new technologies to make travel safer and more efficient.
        However, despite the critical importance of this role,
    especially as the tourism industry continues to face
    significant challenges amid global uncertainty, the position
    remains vacant. Moreover, there is currently no Deputy
    Assistant Secretary for Travel and Tourism in place either. As
    a result, the National Travel and Tourism Office is led today
    by an Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary, further underscoring
    the leadership gap in this space.
        And so it all means that tourism remains a suboffice,
    although critical to our national economy, remains a suboffice
    overseen by the Assistant Secretary for Industry and Analysis
    position, for which you are nominated, rather than by a new
    Assistant Secretary dedicated solely to focusing on the
    ecosystem. And it is an ecosystem. It is weather, it is
    infrastructure, it is workforce, it is broadband. We could go
    on and on, but someone who really focuses on this strategy for
    our economic growth.
        So Mr. Haines, fully implementing the Omnibus Travel and
    Tourism Act, filling these key leadership roles are essential
    to strengthening our travel and tourism sector, our business
    sector. So can you speak to the importance of prioritizing
    travel and tourism substantial benefits, the tourism industry
    provides the economic impact tourism business travel provides
    and how will you support that, if confirmed, and until such
    time we can get an Assistant Secretary for Travel and Tourism?
        Mr. Haines. Thank you, Senator Rosen. I knew I could expect
    a good robust travel and tourism question from you in the great
    state of Nevada.
        Senator Rosen. Like I said, you lived in Nevada a long time
    so you know how to even say Nevada. Thank you.
        Mr. Haines. Yes, ma'am. So a lot to unpack there. Well,
    first you will be happy to know that our Deputy Assistant
    Secretary for Travel and Tourism is going to start in January,
    Rob Leary. He is going to be absolutely excellent. We are
    excited to have him. And he will be spearheading a lot of the
    important work that you just highlighted.
        Senator Rosen. Come bring him to our office to meet our
    team, please.
        Mr. Haines. Yes, ma'am. I would love to have the same
    invitation as well, if possible.
        Senator Rosen. Yes, absolutely.
        Mr. Haines. I would say three things that I would be
    focused on to boost travel and tourism. Number one would be to
    modernize the survey for International Air Travelers Program,
    which is housed within NTTO. It is currently done by hand. We
    have only been able to get about 100,000 surveys of
    international visitors a year, well short of the one percent
    mandate by this Committee. We just put out a competitive bid a
    few months ago to digitize and automate that, hopefully getting
    more robust insights into travel and tourism trends and be able
    to capture a larger data set, and through that, be able to come
    up with better strategies at a more granular level to attract
    visitors.
        The second piece would be, we are rolling out a new tool
    this month, hopefully. And if confirmed, I would love to come
    talk to you about that. And it is going to be a 50-state travel
    and tourism competitiveness matrix to where we currently
    understand where the United States fits in terms of global
    travel and tourism competitiveness. This would be able to say
    the state of Nevada hypothetically ranks number nine in
    attractiveness because they love the gaming, the food, the
    entertainment, but international visitors thought the weather
    was bad, the infrastructure, just you name it. And be able to
    come up with concrete recommendations for every 50 states of
    how to increase their competitiveness as a travel and tourism
    destination. This is a program that we are very excited about,
    and we would like to roll out far and wide.
        Senator Rosen. I would look forward to collaborating with
    you on that because we have been doing a lot of work on it over
    the last 6 or 7 years, and I have some significant input that
    might be helpful to you. And I welcome you coming, working with
    our team to make it as robust as possible, because there are a
    lot of pieces and parts that go into making places attractive.
    A lot of it is infrastructure. And so there is a lot to talk
    about there. So I appreciate that.
        Mr. Haines. Yes, ma'am, Senator Rosen. And on the Assistant
    Secretary piece, obviously, only the President can nominate
    someone. I will say with the, let's say bureaucratic minutia,
    the authorization is well recognized. I know that Secretary
    Lutnick puts a high value on that. Still would need an
    appropriation to build it out. I think it is going to be about
    $3.5 million.
        Senator Rosen. We have appropriated the money in prior
    budgets.
        Mr. Haines. Currently, our NTTO budget is about $7 million,
    $6 million of that is SIAT, and at least within the $56 million
    or budget within I&A. I do not want to say there is no money in
    the banana stand, but I think we would be looking to a specific
    appropriation from CJS to build that out.
        Senator Rosen. Thank you. I see my time is up. I see
    Senator Capito there. Thank you. Mr. Isaacman. I will submit my
    questions on microgravity and other things and all great space
    for the record. Thank you.

                STATEMENT OF HON. SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO,
                    U.S. SENATOR FROM WEST VIRGINIA

        Senator Capito. Thank you. Thank you both for being here,
    and Mr. Haines, thank you for your willingness to serve. I
    think most of my questions are going to go to Mr. Isaacman, so
    I did not want you to take that as a slight in any form or
    fashion.
        I have been a strong supporter of the growing West
    Virginia--we talked about this--West Virginia, Pennsylvania,
    Ohio space economy for many years, and believe that this
    region, perhaps best known for its energy and infrastructure
    prowess, has a unique opportunity to emerge as a leader in
    space energy and infrastructure.
        So Mr. Isaacman, as someone who has built successful
    businesses in Pennsylvania, what role do you see for states
    like Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio working regionally
    that can share the space and technology attributes that are not
    in Texas, Alabama, Florida, California--I am glad Senator Cruz
    is not here--in shaping the future of America's space
    ambitions?
        Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I really appreciate the question.
    Certainly as a resident of Pennsylvania, I would love nothing
    more than to see more of our students who graduate go in fields
    that are relevant to aerospace. But I have said many times, I
    mean, in order to deliver on NASA's world changing mission, it
    is going to require contributions from the best and brightest
    around the Nation. So all those states you mentioned before are
    certainly incredibly important. They have centers that are
    located in them that contribute greatly to NASA's mission, but
    we are going to need an incredibly growing workforce over the
    years that is going to come from across the Nation.
        Senator Capito. I like the answer, the Keystone Space
    Collaborative, which is what I was talking about. I think also
    when you have centers of excellence around and participating in
    the manufacturing or the technology or innovation, it inspires
    the next generation. You can have cooperative agreements,
    internships, and other things to get that next generation.
        I would note yesterday I was sent a letter that was sent to
    the Chairman and Ranking Member where numerous former
    astronauts spoke in favor of your nomination. I think when you
    and I spoke before, I spoke about one in particular that I have
    great admiration for, and I saw her name on the list, Peggy
    Whitson. So that is good enough for me. She is a remarkable
    astronaut woman and inspiration to the generations. And she
    came to West Virginia with me, and our young girls were just
    awestruck by her. So congratulations on securing that letter. I
    think that goes a long way.
        I want to talk about IV&V that is located in the Katherine
    Johnson Parkersburg--it is not in Parkersburg--in Bridgeport.
    Katherine Johnson IV&V facility, as you know, this does the
    independent verification and validation. There is always this
    sort of looming threat that all of this is going to get
    privatized. I would certainly argue for that facility being
    very cost-effective, efficient, and the capabilities are
    tremendous there. I would like to talk to you about this in
    greater depth when your nomination is positively affirmed by
    this Senate, and by looking to not outsource what they do, but
    to maybe grow that presence. And so would you be willing to
    work with me on this?
        Mr. Isaacman. Absolutely, Senator. And also very, very
    grateful that an Astronaut Hall of Famer like Peggy signed the
    letter of support. It means so much, along with all the other
    35 astronauts who signed it.
        I am very interested in taking that visit, ma'am, because I
    think in a world that we all envision someday in the future
    with lots of space stations and deep space missions, the
    reliance traditionally on mission control and hardware will
    diminish as we need to have more onboard decisionmaking and
    perhaps even the inclusion of AI onto some of our vehicles and
    even satellites, which will only increase the importance in
    terms of the integrity of the software. So I think it will
    obviously have a continuing role to support NASA, but perhaps
    many other agencies within the government as well.
        Senator Capito. Good. Yes, we have been trying to expand
    that.
        I would just very quickly, and this is not a short answer
    kind of question, but as we see the pursuit of our space
    program and others around the world, the Chinese in particular,
    to try to get back to the Moon, there is a lot of discussion on
    power generation on the Moon. And I do not know what your
    thoughts are here. I do not know if lunar surface power
    programs, I know it is talked about nuclear, but also solar. I
    mean, what are your ideas here and how far along are we on
    this?
        Mr. Isaacman. Senator, so I love this topic, so I could far
    exceed our time here. So I want to offer up, I would welcome
    any opportunity to discuss further, but I am very big in
    nuclear and space. I mean, there are numerous applications for
    it. There are propulsion applications with nuclear electric,
    nuclear thermal propulsion. There are surface power
    requirements. We are going to need surface power for
    applications that do not have direct sun exposure. We are going
    to need surface power to likely manufacture propellant for
    missions to and from Mars and certainly deeper space
    exploration missions where just there is less solar
    effectiveness. So it is an area that I think is squarely within
    NASA's mission to be working on the near impossible to do what
    no one else can do and attract the talent that will want to
    work on exciting many Manhattan Project-like programs.
        Senator Capito. Thank you. Thank you both, and thank you
    both for your willingness to serve.

                 STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN HICKENLOOPER,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM COLORADO

        Senator Hickenlooper [presiding]. Thank you, Senator
    Capito. Let me start with Mr. Haines. We followed the
    discussions around critical minerals. I want to make sure we
    emphasize that is a bipartisan effort. I think the coordination
    and continuity of programs, there is not a pendulum going back
    and forth between administrations, focusing on the access to
    capital, workforce training. We are woefully behind not just
    China, but many of our allies in terms of how we find that
    workforce. So I will not rebuild that or re-litigate that
    discussion. I just only want to emphasize it is bipartisan.
    This is something that should be a high priority.
        I do want to talk a little bit about some of the things,
    telecommunications, cyberspace, AI, quantum technologies.
    Colorado has a dense ecosystem there. And I think especially
    along with AI, quantum has--it is a field of intense
    competition between the United States and our rivals, our
    adversaries. So as our capabilities mature in quantum, in
    quantum sensing, quantum communication, computing, obviously,
    how can you help ensure that our quantum technologies are only
    exported to trusted markets?
        Mr. Haines. Thank you for that question, Senator. I would
    say the Assistant Secretary for Industry and Analysis does not
    play an active role in export licensing policy. That is our
    colleagues at the Bureau of Industry and Security, or BIS. I
    will say that we have and will continue to gauge actively with
    industry to see where those markets exist and also understand
    the national security implications of those technologies, where
    they rack and stack in terms of competitiveness with
    international competitors. And we could provide that
    information to the Bureau of Industry Security as they are
    making their licensing decisions, but we are not actively
    involved in any export licensing policies or decisions.
        Senator Hickenlooper. Great. I appreciate that. And I think
    we have got a lot of work to do on there.
        Mr. Isaacman, we share the same bipartisan goal that the
    United States should be laser-focused on returning American
    astronauts to the Moon, reaching the next frontiers in space
    exploration. I think I am still the only scientist in the
    Senate who has actually provided peer-reviewed papers.
        Back in May, you answered some of our written questions. I
    thought this was very well stated, and so I repeat it, that you
    want NASA to be a force multiplier for science, which I think
    is essential, launching more missions, more telescopes, more
    probes, more rovers. You also said that you can be expected to
    be a passionate advocate for science. All of NASA's science and
    exploration missions, including both planetary and earth
    sciences, prioritizing these efforts is not about choosing one
    over the other, but rather identifying where the greatest
    breakthroughs are possible.
        Certainly now you are dealing with a budget issue that is
    fairly dramatic. So I wanted to see how you balance that. Can
    you confirm where you believe NASA's scientific and exploration
    mission--I mean, are they complimentary or do they end up
    becoming, because of budget issues, mutually exclusive?
        Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, first, I think the scientific
    side of NASA is just as important as human exploration, as is
    our work in aeronautics and technology development. I think
    that, as I mentioned to some of the other Senators before, I
    understand earlier this year we had a Presidential budget
    request. Of course, I do absolutely support the President in
    the goal of reducing the deficit and ensuring the Nation is on
    good footing.
        But that said, a lot has changed since then. I mean, and
    this is something that if I am confirmed, I would love to get
    my arms around because we have been on a Continuing Resolution.
    I mean, earlier this year, I understood that perhaps even the
    Nancy Grace Roman telescope might not launch under initial
    budget requests. I have since been informed that that is no
    longer the case.
        So simply put, Senator, I would love to know where we stand
    today, but as I have told other Senators, in terms of dollars
    allocated from Congress, we will absolutely maximize the
    scientific value of every one of them.
        Senator Hickenlooper. Sure. I appreciate that. And the
    Nancy Grace Roman telescope is a good example. Is Goddard Space
    Flight Center in a similar position in terms--I know that they
    are looking at certain potentially draconian changes to their
    budget.
        Mr. Isaacman. I mean, Senator, nothing more than I would--I
    mean, I would read the same things that other people do. If you
    ask me, I think Goddard is very important to spearheading the
    scientific efforts of NASA.
        Senator Hickenlooper. Right. Great. We agree. I appreciate
    that. And I do recognize the difficult choices that tight
    budgets create for all of you, and appreciate that,
        I am out of time, even though now I am left to be the
    Chair, I think the compulsion is that I have to curtail my
    questions, but I have a couple more questions I am going to
    submit in writing to you guys. And again, I appreciate both of
    your willingness to serve the country in these roles.
        So Mr. Isaacman and Mr. Haines, my last question, which I
    am not just allowed, but required to ask of all nominees, if
    confirmed, do you pledge to work collaboratively with this
    Committee to provide thorough and timely responses to this
    Committee's requests and to appear before the Committee when
    requested?
        Mr. Haines. Yes, Senator.
        Mr. Isaacman. Yes, Senator. I do not think NASA can
    accomplish its world-changing mission without the support of
    Congress.
        Senator Hickenlooper. Right. Well, I think it has to be a
    close partnership, especially all the more so in these days of
    tight budgets.
        So thank you. I have literally dozens of letters of support
    from various organizations for both of your nominations, and we
    ask unanimous consent these letters be inserted into the
    hearing record. Without objection, so ordered. It is hard to
    have any objections when you control the room.
        [The information referred to follows:]

                                                      November 22, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chair, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        We, the undersigned former NASA Astronauts, write again to express
    our continued support for the confirmation of Jared Isaacman as the
    next Administrator of NASA.
        Having dedicated our careers and lives to support NASA and space
    exploration, we are deeply concerned about the Agency's future. It is
    critical that NASA maintains its position as the preeminent space
    development organization. Our nation is at a turning point where we
    face international competition from China and we are increasingly
    cognizant of the geopolitical importance of space. It is crucial that
    we have a NASA Administrator who champions and delivers the kind of
    revolutionary advancements in space that only NASA can achieve while
    also fully leveraging the capabilities and opportunities presented by a
    rapidly advancing commercial space sector and the steady international
    support from our partner nations.
        We believe that Jared Isaacman is clearly qualified to lead NASA at
    this critical juncture. As an entrepreneur, pilot, and commander of two
    groundbreaking space missions, he brings credibility and capability to
    make a difference now. Most importantly, Jared has a genuine passion
    for space exploration and a genuine admiration for NASA as an American
    institution. He will bring renewed energy and sense of purpose to NASA.
        NASA is facing many challenges right now including the rapidly
    approaching launch of the Artemis II mission. We therefore urge the
    Senate to move expeditiously towards Mr. Isaacman's confirmation.
        Thank you for your attention. We appreciate your commitment to
    ensuring NASA has the vision, expertise, and leadership necessary to
    advance America's space ambitions.
                Sincerely,

    Charles F. Bolden Jr.                  Shane Kimbrough
    Robert Cabana                          Wendy Lawrence
    Greg Chamitoff                         Steve Lindsey
    Cady Coleman                           Leland Melvin
    Leroy Chiao                            Michael Lopez-Alegria
    Ken Cockrell                           Ed Lu
    Drew Feustel                           Dottie Metcalf-Lindenburger
    Jack Fischer                           Bill McArthur
    Mike Foreman                           Stephen Oswald
    Ron Garan                              William Readdy
    Linda Godwin                           Garrett Reisman
    John Grunsfeld                         Stephen Robinson
    Ken Ham                                Rusty Schweickart
    Jose Hernandez                         Nicole Stott
    John Herrington                        Steve Swanson
    Rick Hieb                              Jim Voss
    Joan Higginbotham                      Peggy Whitson
    Scott Kelly                            George Zamka

                                     ______

                                      University of Mississippi
                                                      November 21, 2025

    Hon. Roger Wicker,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Cindy Hyde-Smith,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Senator Wicker and Senator Hyde-Smith:

        I strongly support the confirmation of Jared Isaacman as NASA
    Administrator.
        Although I have not met Mr. Isaacman, his example has profoundly
    inspired both my students and me. That kind of influence is rare, and
    it matters.
        Humanity stands at a threshold: for the first time, we can use
    space resources to sustain life on Earth and expand beyond it. U.S.
    leadership is not just advantageous--it is essential.
        As Executive Director of the Center for Air and Space Law and
    President of For All Moonkind, I have spent years working at the
    intersection of public institutions, commercial innovation and global
    space governance. Few individuals illustrate the power of private
    initiative to advance public purpose as clearly as Mr. Isaacman.
        Mr. Isaacman's accomplishments reflect both technical ambition and
    civic commitment. His leadership in pioneering private orbital
    missions--funding, flying and shaping them--speaks to an unusual blend
    of vision and practical capability. These missions have broadened not
    only the boundaries of commercial spaceflight but the public
    imagination about who space is for.
        His leadership is timely, as space has become a stage for strategic
    competition. China and other nations are accelerating their space
    programs; the U.S. must respond with ambition and principled
    leadership. NASA plays a defining role in shaping norms that will
    govern shared space activities, and that requires an Administrator who
    can engage competitors with both confidence and clarity, advancing
    innovation while reinforcing responsible global conduct.
        NASA is entering a transformative era defined by deep-space
    infrastructure, commercial partnerships and complex regulatory and
    diplomatic challenges. Mr. Isaacman's experience positions him uniquely
    to bridge these domains with realism and vision.
        For these reasons, I offer my strong support for his nomination and
    urge your favorable consideration. Thank you for your thoughtful
    attention.
                Sincerely,
                                          Michelle L.D. Hanlon,
                         Executive Director, Air and Space Law Program,
                                                 University of Mississippi.
                                     ______

                                     U.S. Space & Rocket Center
                                      Huntsville, AL, November 24, 2025

    Senator Tommy Tuberville,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Senator Tuberville,

        I am pleased to once again express the U.S. Space & Rocket Center's
    support for Jared Isaacman, President Trump's nomination to be NASA
    Administrator. As you may remember from our previous letter of support,
    Jared attended our Aviation Challenge program when he was 12 years old,
    an experience that inspired him to become a pilot.
        Jared has done far more than that, however. He is an entrepreneur
    who has used his success to pursue space exploration and advance
    science in his own right, raising funds along the way to support St.
    Jude's Children's Research Hospital as well as Space Camp.
        Because of Jared's generosity, Space Camp will open the
    Inspiration4 Skills Training Complex in 2026, expanding our mission of
    building America's skilled workforce. This 55,000-square-foot facility
    will include new simulations and futuristic missions that will engage
    students' imagination and give them a vision for their own futures.
        Jared is a person of the highest character and brings together a
    sound business approach to the wonders of exploration. He would be an
    exceptional leader of our Nation's space program, and we encourage you
    and your colleagues in the Senate to act expeditiously to confirm him.
        Thank you for your consideration and support.
                Sincerely,
                                                  Brenda Perez,
                                       Interim Chief Executive Officer,
                                               Chief Financial Officer.
                                     ______

                                     U.S. Space & Rocket Center
                                      Huntsville, AL, November 24, 2025
    Senator Katie Britt,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Senator Britt,

        I am pleased to once again express the U.S. Space & Rocket Center's
    support for Jared Isaacman, President Trump's nomination to be NASA
    Administrator. As you may remember from our previous letter of support,
    Jared attended our Aviation Challenge program when he was 12 years old,
    an experience that inspired him to become a pilot.
        Jared has done far more than that, however. He is an entrepreneur
    who has used his success to pursue space exploration and advance
    science in his own right, raising funds along the way to support St.
    Jude's Children's Research Hospital as well as Space Camp.
        Because of Jared's generosity, Space Camp will open the
    Inspiration4 Skills Training Complex in 2026, expanding our mission of
    building America's skilled workforce. This 55,000-square-foot facility
    will include new simulations and futuristic missions that will engage
    students' imagination and give them a vision for their own futures.
        Jared is a person of the highest character and brings together a
    sound business approach to the wonders of exploration. He would be an
    exceptional leader of our Nation's space program, and we encourage you
    and your colleagues in the Senate to act expeditiously to confirm him.
        Thank you for your consideration and support.
                Sincerely,
                                                  Brenda Perez,
                                       Interim Chief Executive Officer,
                                               Chief Financial Officer.
                                     ______

                                     [GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                                     ______

                                 Internet Marketing Association
                                                      November 29, 2025

    Attention:

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        I write to you in my capacity as Chairman of the Internet Marketing
    Association (IMA), an organization deeply engaged in the advancement of
    emerging technologies, national competitiveness, and the fast-growing
    space economy. It is my privilege to offer my endorsement for Mr. Jared
    Isaacman to serve as the next Administrator of the National Aeronautics
    and Space Administration (NASA).
        Through my work convening 150 leaders of the New Frontier for
    IMPACT 25 Washington D.C. in October 2025, including innovators,
    defense visionaries, policymakers, and commercial space pioneers, I
    have had the opportunity to witness firsthand the extraordinary impact
    Jared Isaacman has had on America's commercial space sector. His
    entrepreneurial record, operational experience, and unwavering
    commitment to strengthening U.S. leadership in space make him
    exceptionally well suited to lead NASA at this pivotal moment.
        Last week, I hosted Breakthrough at Mar-a-Lago, where leaders
    shaping the future of the space economy met directly with policymakers.
    The conference featured Type One Ventures, along with a broad slate of
    innovators working at the intersection of national security, frontier
    technology, and commercial space. Our discussions centered on America's
    ability to maintain its strategic and technological edge, precisely the
    domain where Mr. Isaacman has proven to be a uniquely influential
    leader. Additionally, we brought together national leaders,
    entrepreneurs, investors, and technologists to support a shared vision
    for advancing U.S. capabilities in orbit and beyond. In these forums,
    Mr. Isaacman's work consistently stands out as emblematic of the
    ingenuity, mission-driven leadership, and public-private collaboration
    required to navigate the challenges ahead.
        As NASA undertakes essential work, from returning Americans to the
    Moon, to fostering commercial space station development, to furthering
    exploration across the solar system, stable, visionary leadership is
    indispensable. Mr. Isaacman possesses a rare combination of operational
    expertise, business acumen, technical fluency, and demonstrated passion
    for human spaceflight. His understanding of the U.S.-China strategic
    competition in space, his respect for congressional oversight, and his
    commitment to safeguarding American leadership are clearly aligned with
    the priorities of this Committee and the needs of the nation.
        For these reasons, and on behalf of the many leaders and
    organizations within the IMA and the broader New Frontier community, I
    respectfully urge the Committee to advance Mr. Isaacman's nomination
    swiftly. His confirmation would provide NASA with the capable, future-
    focused leadership it requires at a moment when America's trajectory in
    space will shape global power dynamics for decades to come.
        Thank you for your consideration and for your continued dedication
    to America's leadership in science, technology, and the space economy.
                Respectfully,
                                                Sinan Kanatsiz,
                                                              Chairman,
                                            Internet Marketing Association.

        Senator Hickenlooper. Senators will have until the close of
    business on December 4 to submit additional questions for the
    record. The nominees will have until 11 a.m. on December 7 to
    respond to those questions. That is a pretty quick turnaround,
    but hopefully that does not put you in too difficult a
    position.
        That will conclude today's hearing. The Committee stands
    adjourned.
        [Whereupon, at 12:04 p.m., the hearing was adjourned.]

                                A P P E N D I X

          Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Ted Cruz to
                                 Jared Isaacman
        Question 1. During your testimony, when I asked about the
    architecture of the Gateway program and your plans to utilize the lunar
    orbiting station's capabilities, you noted that ``the President of the
    United States would be very excited to see a lunar base.'' While a
    lunar base is certainly part of the overall Artemis architecture, the
    Lunar Gateway is intended to serve as a cislunar habitation, staging,
    and logistics point to enable more robust long-duration missions in
    cislunar orbit and on the lunar surface--Gateway as a lunar station
    plays a critical role in enabling the future Artemis missions.

        a. Can you expand upon your plans for Gateway and unlocking the
    cislunar orbit?

        b. Can you clarify your response and explain how you intend to
    support the Gateway cislunar space station program, including how you
    plan to utilize the One Big Beautiful Bill Act funding consistent with
    congressional intent to develop and sustain an orbital cislunar
    platform?
        Answer. As I noted in my opening remarks and testimony, I believe
    it is essential for the United States to return to the Moon ahead of
    our strategic competitors and to build the infrastructure required for
    an enduring presence in and around the lunar environment. I will, of
    course, follow the law as written in carrying out those objectives as
    urgently as possible.

        Question 2. Submitted on behalf of Senator Britt: During your line
    of questioning, I appreciated your commitment to utilizing the One Big
    Beautiful Bill Act dollars as outlined by the law. You also responded
    that the funds afford NASA with the opportunity to utilize additional
    heavy lift vehicles for the Artemis IV and V missions. Do you commit to
    using the SLS rocket for Artemis IV and V as directed by Congress and
    stated in the law?
        Answer. SLS is the fastest path to achieving America's near-term
    lunar objectives through Artemis V. Pivoting to another architecture
    earlier than contemplated in the One Big Beautiful Bill could place the
    Nation at an unacceptable risk of a strategic capability gap. I will,
    of course, follow the law.
                                     ______

        Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Roger Wicker to
                                 Jared Isaacman
    Question #1: John C. Stennis Space Center
        The John C. Stennis Space Center is home to NASA's largest
    propulsion and engine test site. The Stennis Space Center has played a
    pivotal role in developing and testing our launch capabilities from the
    beginning of our space program. It also hosts commercial space
    companies including Rocket Lab, Relativity Space, and L3Harris. As NASA
    increasingly relies on the commercial space sector to execute its
    mission, industry at the Stennis Space Center is growing. Because of
    the Stennis Center's location and buffer zone, it is an ideal place for
    new commercial space companies to invest in or move to. At the Stennis
    Space Center, NASA supports the commercial space industry by providing
    numerous services, including sharing water and chemicals, such as
    nitrogen and hydrogen.

        Question. Thank you for your commitment to expanding space industry
    in the United States. As America's largest rocket propulsion test site,
    the John C. Stennis Space Center exemplifies how NASA can work with
    commercial space industry.
        Commercial space tenants at the Stennis Space Center are
    revitalizing existing test stands and building new stands to support
    their rocket propulsion testing. Modernizing existing test
    infrastructure can provide cost savings to the company and NASA. Do you
    agree that existing test infrastructure can support both ongoing and
    future space missions for NASA and commercial space industry?
        Answer. Stennis Space Center is a great example of a NASA center
    evolving to support both government and commercial programs. While
    Stennis continues to support several government efforts, it has also
    revitalized key test platforms and infrastructure to successfully
    enable commercial industry.
    Question #2:
        In your testimony, and publicly released statements, you have
    outlined your plan for the future of NASA. This plan prioritizes
    removing excessive bureaucracy, putting more astronauts in space for
    enduring missions, enhancing partnerships for scientific exploration,
    maximizing an orbital economy, and investing in and certifying
    commercial space missions.

        Question. As the Administrator, you will have the opportunity to
    implement your vision for NASA and shape the future of the United
    States' space capabilities. Under your leadership, how will NASA
    support and transform the Stennis Space Center to ensure its long-term
    success?
        Answer. Stennis Space Center is a national treasure for engine
    testing and already serves as a model for evolving to meet current and
    future missions. Stennis has attracted investments and tenants from
    some of the most notable commercial space companies, and I see that
    trend continuing well into the future.
    Question # 3: Reconciliation Funding
        The One Big Beautiful Bill Act included funding for projects that
    will support Mississippi's space equities including $700 million for
    the Mars Telecommunications Orbiter, $120 million for infrastructure
    projects at the Stennis Space Center, and $4.1 million for the Space
    Launch System, which will enable the United States to continue its
    missions to the Moon. The Senate marked up Commerce, Justice, and
    Science appropriations bill for Fiscal Year 2026 includes $48.2 million
    for the Rocket Propulsion Test Program as well as accompanying report
    language, which will ensure that the Stennis Space Center can continue
    its critical work.

        Question. The historic investments in the One Big Beautiful Bill
    Act will bolster the Stennis Space Center's equities through critical
    infrastructure improvements and engagement with the commercial space
    sector. Will you commit to quickly obligating funds provided by the One
    Big Beautiful Bill Act, once confirmed? Will you also commit to working
    with commercial entities to rapidly move forward on the Mars
    Telecommunications Orbiter program?
        Answer. Yes. I believe it is imperative for NASA to move with
    urgency in achieving our near-term lunar objectives, for which
    considerable funding and support have been provided in the One Big
    Beautiful Bill. I further believe, consistent with my prior testimony,
    that NASA is capable of undertaking multiple world-changing missions in
    parallel. In that context, investments in the communications
    capabilities required to support future Mars missions is certainly
    worth exploring.
                                     ______

        Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Jerry Moran to
                                 Jared Isaacman
        Question 1. How critical is NASA's Aeronautics Mission Directorate
    initiatives such as Hi-CAM and high-speed flight programs? How will you
    support those programs while also enhancing partnership with industry?
        Answer. As a pilot, I am very excited about the Aeronautics Mission
    Directorate and ensuring an intense focus on research and test programs
    that push the boundaries of speed, altitude, and the materials and
    sciences that underpin the competitiveness of our aerospace industry.
    The Hi-CAM program is certainly the kind of study NASA should be
    investing resources in.

        Question 2. If confirmed, will you work to prioritize the
    modernization of NASA's King Air aircraft?
        Answer. I am not familiar with the specific modernization request
    for the King Air aircraft, but if confirmed, I would like to conduct a
    holistic assessment of the NASA fleet to ensure it is modernized and
    fully capable of supporting the agency's transportation, research, and
    inspirational missions. This could include expanding the fleet with
    both new and existing civil and military aircraft.

        Question 3. Before sending humans to Mars, we need to solve the
    problem of landing vehicles safely on an unprepared surface. What can
    we start doing now to use affordable robotic missions to explore
    potential landing sites and to get high resolution images and data that
    NASA and its commercial partners can use to pick the best landing sites
    and land safely?
        Answer. With considerable focus on achieving NASA's near-term lunar
    objectives, including returning American astronauts and establishing an
    enduring presence, it would also be prudent to evaluate affordable
    robotic missions to Mars in parallel to increase our rate of learning
    ahead of future crewed missions.

        Question 4. What plans do you have to maximize use and modernize
    these resources across the entire civil, commercial, and national
    security enterprise?
        Answer. While NASA pursues the peaceful exploration and discovery
    in air and space, these domains are also vitally important to national
    security. If confirmed, I would work with counterparts across OSTP,
    DoW, DOE, DOT, and other agencies to avoid needless duplication or
    bespoke programs where synergy is possible. This would help ensure the
    smooth flow of information, timely decision-making, responsible
    resource allocation, and faster results.
                                     ______

        Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Dan Sullivan to
                                 Jared Isaacman
        Question 1. The Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska
    Fairbanks hosts unique, nationally critical assets, including the Poker
    Flat Research Range and a collection of polar-orbiting satellite
    downlink antennas, which support national security, military readiness,
    and space weather research.

       If confirmed, can you commit to visiting Alaska, and
            specifically the University of Alaska Fairbanks, early in your
            tenure to see firsthand the strategic importance of this high-
            latitude research infrastructure?
        Answer. If confirmed, I would be happy to make that commitment and,
    if possible, also tour the Pacific Spaceport Complex.

        Question 2. The proposed FY26 budget includes reductions to the
    Science Mission Directorate (SMD) and the elimination of the Office of
    STEM Engagement (OSTEM), programs which are critical to Arctic science
    and Alaska's aerospace workforce pipeline. Additionally, the NASA
    Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) program is
    foundational to U.S. excellence in scientific discovery and national
    security.

       If confirmed, will you work to ensure that SMD and OSTEM are
            adequately funded in the President's budget request to support
            the fundamental science and workforce development needed to
            ensure United States space superiority?
        Answer. If confirmed, I can commit to being an advocate for science
    and a strong American workforce and will do all I can to maximize the
    scientific value of every dollar provided by Congress.

        Question 3. Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) serves as NASA's
    Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for strategically important
    synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. It is my understanding that NASA
    is considering DAAC consolidation that could shift responsibilities to
    Washington, D.C., potentially undermining mission effectiveness and
    harming critical Arctic operations.

       If confirmed, can you commit to evaluating any proposed DAAC
            reorganization and flagging any potential impacts to the Alaska
            Satellite Facility with my office before a final decision is
            made?
        Answer. I am not familiar with any plans to consolidate or
    reorganize the DAAC, but would commit to working with your office and
    Congress on any potential implications.

        Question 4. The Pacific Spaceport Complex on Kodiak Island is the
    only high-latitude, polar-capable spaceport in the United States. It's
    state-owned, strategically located, and has already supported both
    government and commercial launches. With rising demand for orbital
    launch, facilities like Kodiak could become even more important--not
    just for commercial growth, but for national security.

       What role do you see commercial spaceports like the Pacific
            Spaceport Complex Alaska playing in the future access to space?
        Answer. The nation already lacks sufficient complexes to meet
    anticipated commercial and national security launch requirements--and I
    see existing facilities like the Pacific Spaceport Complex as a logical
    path to help meet that demand.
                                     ______

          Response to Written Question Submitted by Hon. Ted Budd to
                                 Jared Isaacman
        Question 1. Since 1998 the NASA Michoud Assembly Facility (MAF) has
    been home to the National Center for Advanced Manufacturing, and more
    than $62 million has been invested in equipment, facilities, and people
    to ensure this is a nationally relevant capability.
        With the retirement of the Space Shuttle, NASA moved to a multi-
    tenant model, enabling commercial partners to leverage this asset.
    Unfortunately, in recent years it has become more difficult for
    external partners to leverage the facility's unique capabilities.
        Do you support allowing commercial companies to leverage the MAF
    and allowing that facility to become a key part of the rebuilding of
    America's industrial base? Do you see such a model being an example for
    other capabilities across NASA facilities?
        Answer. I believe NASA must constantly evaluate how to maximize its
    unique facilities and test infrastructure to best support the mission
    of the agency, commercial partners, and the broader industrial base.
    Several NASA centers have already taken positive steps in this
    direction, and it should remain an area of focus going forward.
                                     ______

        Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Eric Schmitt to
                                 Jared Isaacman
        Question 1. Mr. Isaacman, China has used radioisotope power systems
    to survive the lunar night since 2019, giving it the only continuous
    presence on the Moon, and it plans to launch more missions using this
    technology in 2028. U.S. landers, by contrast, are limited to 14 days
    because they cannot operate through the lunar night. While NASA has
    announced plans for a fission reactor by 2030, that system does not
    address the immediate need for continuous power on lander missions this
    decade. Can you speak to what you see as the future of nuclear power in
    space and the need to have this technology incorporated into future
    NASA missions?
        Answer. I am very passionate about NASA continuously recalibrating
    to focus on the near-impossible--the things no other agency or
    organization is capable of accomplishing. In that regard, it is
    imperative that NASA dramatically expand and accelerate investments in
    nuclear programs, including propulsion and surface-power systems. This
    should include high-and low-power reactors on timelines much faster
    than 2030, in addition to more traditional RTGs.

        Question 2. Mr. Isaacman, NASA has a wide portfolio of space
    science programs, ranging from satellites and rovers to sounding
    rockets and balloons. Programs like NASA's high-altitude balloon
    missions provide a unique, cost-effective platform for testing
    instruments, conducting research, and training the next generation of
    scientists. Institutions such as Washington University in St. Louis,
    through the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, depend on these
    suborbital programs to develop and flight-test cutting-edge instruments
    and to train students and early-career researchers in hands-on space
    science and instrumentation. Could you explain why it is important for
    NASA to maintain a diversity of mechanisms, including balloon programs,
    sounding rockets, and other suborbital platforms, for advancing space
    science, and how these complement larger satellite and deep-space
    missions?
        Answer. Orbital and deep space missions are costly and carry far
    more risk than various suborbital alternatives. To the greatest extent
    possible, NASA should look to suborbital platforms to capture relevant
    science and test data that can derisk or supplement expensive orbital
    missions. I also more than acknowledge and value the associated STEM
    benefits of these suborbital programs working alongside academic
    institutions.

        Question 3. Mr. Isaacman, in 2028, China plans to fly International
    partners' payloads to Mars on their Mars Sample Return mission,
    Tianwen-3. China has made up to 15 kilograms of mass available for
    international collaboration projects on the mission's Earth return
    orbiter (ERO) spacecraft and a further 5 kg on the Mars orbiter (MO).
    United States commercial providers have over 1000 kg of additional
    payload capacity available to fly international partners' payloads to
    Mars on a 2028 mission. How is NASA and the Science Mission Directorate
    working to ensure our international partners fly their Martian payloads
    on American spacecraft, built and flown from American soil, rather than
    on Chinese spacecraft, built and flown from China?
        Answer. As mentioned in my opening remarks, NASA is faced with a
    great competitor moving at impressive speed. Competition can be a good
    thing, but this is not a race we can afford to lose. It is imperative
    that NASA:

       Clear obstacles and bureaucracy that impede progress and
            give our competitor room to move faster, while also making it
            easier for commercial and international partners to work with
            the agency.

       Intense mission focus -including the contributions of our
            international and commercial partners--this includes: American
            leadership in the high ground of space, the return of American
            astronauts to the Moon and establishment of an enduring
            presence, investment in next ``giant leap'' capabilities such
            as nuclear propulsion and surface power, and accelerated Mars
            exploration. We must also establish the orbital economy to fund
            the future we all want to see in space and evolve NASA into a
            force-multiplier for science to increase the rate of world-
            changing discoveries.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Maria Cantwell to
                                 Jared Isaacman
        Commitment to Competition and Redundancy for Critical Missions As
    we discussed during the hearing, NASA's exploration programs are faced
    with steep competition from China. Given significant taxpayer
    investment in these programs, the United States cannot afford to allow
    critical missions to have a single point of failure and must ensure
    that contract formulation fosters competition among commercial
    providers.

        Question 1. I appreciated the comments you made during our exchange
    in support of competition between SpaceX and Blue Origin. However, I
    have been made aware that contracting differences between the two HLS
    providers may not provide an even playing field for them to compete for
    the Artemis III mission. For example, SpaceX is contracted for Artemis
    III with fewer requirements, while Blue Origin is not on contract to
    deliver until the Artemis V mission and has more requirements. What is
    your plan to put both providers on equal footing, making Artemis III a
    true competition so the U.S. can beat China to the Moon?
        Answer. If confirmed, I fully intend to solicit feedback from all
    commercial partners on ways to reduce requirements and remove obstacles
    that impede America's near-term lunar objectives. This applies not only
    to Blue Origin and SpaceX, but to Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Northrop,
    and every other vendor contributing to Artemis and NASA's broader
    mission. As I stated during the hearing, America is best served when
    both HLS providers are able to compete--and as a nation, we must select
    the first landing system ready to ensure the United States returns to
    the Moon before China.

        Question 2. Reconciliation provided $700 million for a Mars
    Telecommunications Orbiter (MTO) mission. However, the law limits the
    competition to two or perhaps even one bidder. What is your plan to
    ensure a true competition for the MTO spacecraft and mission in order
    to maximize the investment to deliver a system capable of meeting Mars
    communication relay needs for at least the next decade?
        Answer. I believe NASA is capable of advancing multiple world-
    changing missions in parallel, including discovery and exploration
    efforts on Mars. In that respect, it makes sense to begin investing in
    the capabilities required to support those missions, including the MTO
    program. If confirmed, I will review the agency's approach to this
    effort and ensure it is pursued through a lawful and competitive
    process.

        Question 3. The Lunar Terrain Vehicle is the rover that Artemis
    astronauts are expected to use to traverse the lunar surface and extend
    their exploration of the Moon, beginning with Artemis V. To minimize
    the risk of delay, NASA has planned to have two of the three commercial
    LTV teams proceed to the Critical Design Review phase. Assuming that
    Congress provides adequate funding, do you agree that this plan will
    put NASA in the best position to maintain the Artemis timeline?
        Answer. I am not familiar with the current contracting approach for
    the Lunar Terrain Vehicle. However, it is imperative that the vehicle
    be ready to meet mission requirements and timelines--particularly as we
    work toward a growing and enduring presence on the lunar surface. If
    confirmed, I will review the state of the program and ensure it is
    competitive and properly resourced to minimize risk to Artemis
    objectives.

        NASA FY26 President's Budget Request Implementation and
    Whistleblower Report. In September, my office released a report which
    included multiple accounts and documents from brave NASA whistleblowers
    showing the Administration's efforts to illegally implement the
    dangerous cuts in the President's Fiscal Year 2026 Budget Request. This
    not only disregarded Congress's constitutional role to determine
    spending; it jeopardized NASA's missions and their safety.

        Question 1. Will you fully implement the funding levels Congress
    sets for NASA in 2026 and beyond?
        Answer. As stated in my testimony, I commit to always follow the
    law and to maximize the scientific value of every dollar afforded by
    Congress.

        Question 2. Will you be a strong advocate for NASA and protect its
    resources from misguided cuts?
        Answer. I am a passionate supporter of NASA and will do all I can,
    with the resources provided, to execute on its world-changing mission.

        Question 3. When you testified previously, you called potential
    drastic cuts to NASA's science budget ``suboptimal.'' Do you stand by
    that testimony, and will you defend NASA's science budget if confirmed?
        Answer. I support the President's goal of returning the Nation to a
    sound fiscal position, and that will likely require government agencies
    to do more with less. I do not believe NASA should be an exception. If
    confirmed, I will do all I can to advocate for and maximize the
    scientific potential of every dollar afforded by Congress.

        Project Athena. In May 2025 you drafted your Project Athena
    Strategic Plan which detailed your vision for NASA, if confirmed. While
    the plan shows your commitment to maintain continuity in space
    exploration through the Artemis Program, it lacks robust discussion of
    other key areas of NASA's mission including aeronautics and space
    technology development.
        The plan also introduces the idea of `science-as-a-service' as a
    method of reducing the costs of scientific research. During the
    December 3 confirmation hearing you said that you ``stand behind
    everything in the document.''

        Question 1. Do you believe that there is a need for NASA to
    continue collecting its own observations in addition to leveraging
    commercial imagery?
        Answer. The draft document included research requests in areas
    where information was either unavailable or not accessible to a
    nominee, so it should be understood that some sections were less
    developed than others. That said, the collection of scientific data is
    not binary. In Earth observation, for example, there will be cases
    where data can be acquired more affordably through commercial
    constellations, and others where only NASA possesses the necessary
    capability. This evolution has already occurred across other government
    and national security observation missions and could similarly free
    resources for planetary science and other missions commercial providers
    cannot support.

        Question 2. Can you commit to ensuring that any cost savings,
    particularly those achieved by using science-as-a-service for Earth
    observations, will be reinvested in NASA's capacity to conduct world
    class research focused on both Earth and space science disciplines?
        Answer. Yes, that was always the concept worth exploring.

        Question 3. Can you commit to pursuing sufficient funding for a
    robust NASA aeronautics portfolio that develops pre-competitive
    technology that supports U.S. aerospace industry leadership worldwide?
        Answer. Yes. NASA Aeronautics should be working on cutting-edge
    test programs that push the boundaries of speed, altitude, and
    materials necessary to ensure the competitiveness of American aerospace
    industries.

        Workforce Plans and Reorganization: You noted in your testimony
    that some of the most talented people in America show up to work at
    NASA. Under the current Administration, NASA has seen over 4,000
    employees--roughly 20 percent of its workforce--opt to leave under the
    deferred resignation program or early retirement, in addition to normal
    attrition. In Project Athena, you propose to consolidate all ongoing
    staff reductions and reorganization initiatives into a single,
    comprehensive plan.

        Question 1. Before implementing this plan, will you commit to
    sharing it and discussing it with this committee?
        Answer. Should I be confirmed, I will work alongside Congress and
    this committee specifically. It is worth noting that the draft document
    was several months old and developed during a period when NASA was
    contemplating multiple RIF and reorganization efforts. Given how much
    time has passed and how much has changed since then, I am not certain a
    comprehensive reorganization, at least on the scale previously
    contemplated, is even still necessary.

        Question 2. Considering the turmoil Federal agencies experience
    when subjected to poorly justified structural overhauls, can you commit
    to also ensuring that any proposed major reorganization of NASA will be
    based on clear, evidence-based justification and transparent strategic
    need and will be shared and discussed with this committee before
    implementation?
        Answer. The idea--if necessary at all--was always intended to be a
    data-driven reorganization informed by broad input, including from this
    committee.

        Human Spaceflight Safety and Oversight: As the only private sector
    astronaut to conduct extra vehicular activity in orbit, you have unique
    experience with the role that NASA plays or should play in ensuring the
    safety of commercial human spaceflight activities. In this regard, and
    referencing the current limited regulatory framework for commercial
    human spaceflight known as the ``learning period,'' your Project Athena
    Strategic Plan proposes a study for a ``Starfleet Academy'' that would
    be capable of certifying launch and spaceflight hardware for operation,
    training operators and flight crew members, and certifying the
    competence of such personnel.

        Question 1. For NASA's human spaceflight programs and missions,
    what principles should guide certification processes and operational
    decisions that appropriately balance cost and schedule, mission
    objectives, and safety requirements?
        Answer. It is worth noting that the draft document was intended
    to--at a much later stage--initiate research, discussion, and input
    across the agency, industry, and Congress to begin addressing these
    types of questions. At present, I believe the existing learning period
    remains appropriate until industry reaches a more mature state. That
    stated, researching and preparing for the future seemed prudent, and
    NASA is likely the organization best positioned to lead in defining
    what a post-learning-period certification environment should look like.

        Question 2. Based on your experience, do you believe that NASA's
    certification processes and expertise in human spaceflight are being
    effectively utilized by commercial industry and the FAA Office of
    Commercial Space Transportation?
        Answer. I believe NASA possesses the ultimate subject-matter
    expertise to help shape the future of commercial hardware, operator,
    and crew certification. I also suspect there is significant learning to
    be captured--and improvements to be made--based on experience from the
    HLS, Commercial Crew and Cargo programs.

        Question 3. Given that an institution such as your proposed
    Starfleet Academy could be an effective mechanism for defining and
    implementing an appropriate role for NASA in commercial human
    spaceflight oversight, will you commit to sharing the results of the
    proposed study with Congress?
        Answer. I would, as I believe--like all major NASA endeavors--
    success depends on collaboration and advocacy from all key
    stakeholders.

        NASA Aeronautics Research and Development and the Spokane-Coeur
    d'Alene Tech Hub. NASA's aeronautics R&D is essential to maintaining
    the global competitiveness of our aerospace industry. For example, in
    partnership with industry, NASA's Hi-Rate Composite Aircraft
    Manufacturing (Hi-CAM) Project develops advanced composite materials
    that promise to make aircraft lighter and more fuel efficient. This is
    key for ensuring that next generation aircraft are manufactured here in
    the U.S.
        We have established a Washington and Idaho Tech Hub in Spokane
    focused on advanced thermoplastics with the goal of enabling
    manufacturing by industry at scale. This is an ambitious goal, and the
    NASA and industry Advanced Composites Consortium has been very
    supportive of this initiative.

        Question 1. Will you fight for NASA's aeronautics budget to
    sufficiently fund projects such as Hi-CAM, and will you support pre-
    competitive technology development initiatives that keep our aerospace
    industry ahead of our competitors, such as the Advanced Aerospace
    Materials and Manufacturing Tech Hub?
        Answer. Yes. I am very passionate about NASA's Aeronautics program,
    and I believe the agency can do far more through research and test
    programs that push the boundaries of speed, altitude, and advanced
    materials.

        NASA's Role in Developing Aviation Technology. NASA's research has
    played a pivotal role in advancing the aviation industry, driving
    innovations that and capabilities later used by the FAA enhance both
    safety and cost-efficiency within the National Airspace System (NAS).
        Examples include the System-Wide Safety (SWS) project, where NASA
    has conducted research to understand how the modernization of industry
    and aircraft can affect overall safety, and is developing an In-Time
    Aviation Safety Management System (IASMS) to address operational risks
    and hazards of a transformed NAS.

        Question 1. Will you commit to maintaining NASA's focus on leading
    edge technologies that will improve the safety of aviation and the NAS?
        Answer. Yes--this is an area in which NASA has historically been
    very successful.

        Question 2. As we look to the future, what specific actions will
    you take to further support and accelerate NASA's efforts in developing
    next-generation commercial aviation technologies?
        Answer. This goes to the heart of NASA's Aeronautics mission, and
    it begins with a thorough review of the portfolio to ensure resources
    are focused on what no other agency or organization is capable of
    accomplishing. From there, it becomes cultural and organizational--
    eliminating obstacles that impede progress and ensuring the best and
    brightest are working urgently on the breakthroughs NASA, including
    Aeronautics, was meant to deliver.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Edward Markey to
                                 Jared Isaacman
        Question 1. Mr. Isaacman, I want to recognize your support for the
    continued operation of NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. Chandra is
    proudly operated for NASA and includes U.S. Military Veterans on its
    staff. Science has always been the heartbeat of NASA. In fact, the very
    first objective listed in the National Aeronautics and Space Act of
    1958 is ``the expansion of human knowledge of phenomena in the
    atmosphere and space.''

        a) With that founding mandate in mind, do you agree that
    maintaining a robust science portfolio is critical to U.S. leadership
    in discovery?
        Answer. Yes.

        b) If so, can you explain specifically your view on how long-term
    flagship missions--like Chandra, our space telescopes, and planetary
    rovers--as a sustained priority that must run parallel to human
    exploration?
        Answer. I have always been a strong advocate for science, and I
    believe it would be a mistake to prematurely retire flagship missions
    that continue to deliver meaningful results at very low overhead cost.
    Chandra and our telescope missions such as Hubble are great examples
    where the scientific yield relative to the ongoing cost remains highly
    favorable.

        Question 2. Mr. Isaacman, during your hearing, you said I
    mischaracterized your recent suggestion that NASA purchase `science-as-
    a-service' for Earth observations. While NASA has used commercial data
    to supplement Earth science, some Earth-observing capabilities are
    inherently governmental--they require decades-long continuity,
    transparent calibration, and open public access, forming the baseline
    for both Federal agencies and commercial providers.

        a) Please detail why, in your view, it is important for NASA to
    maintain operating certain data capabilities, such as these
    foundational systems.
        Answer. I believe it is a mistake to assume that collecting data or
    calibrating systems the same way we have for decades remains the most
    appropriate or affordable path. Many national security missions have
    already evolved from bespoke satellites to procuring data from
    commercial providers at far lower cost. That approach could free
    resources for missions--such as planetary science or heliophysics--that
    commercial providers cannot address. This is not binary. There will be
    Earth observation missions that NASA must retain for technical or
    strategic reasons, but we should still take advantage of affordable
    alternatives where they exist.

        b) How would you balance and leverage existing government-owned
    capabilities with obtaining commercially available data?
        Answer. Similar to the above, I would work with experts within the
    agency and solicit input from academia and commercial providers to
    identify opportunities to achieve the same or superior science at lower
    cost.

        Question 3. The 2024 Solar and Space Physics Decadal Survey
    highlighted the success of NASA's three Drive Science Centers,
    including the SHIELD Center, which is building a ``digital twin'' of
    the heliosphere to study cosmic radiation. This work is critical for
    both fundamental solar science and preparing for human missions to Mars
    and beyond. As the initial contracts for these Centers come to an end,
    how will you sustain their research and the benefits they provide,
    particularly for SHIELD?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will work with the best and brightest at
    NASA and across academia to ensure we never allow a lapse in scientific
    missions vital to achieving the agency's overarching goals.

        Question 4. Do you agree that climate observations are integral to
    our understanding of atmospheric conditions on our own planet and other
    planetary bodies in our solar system? Why or why not?
        Answer. We inhabit only one planet at this time, so we should
    invest scientific resources in understanding it--especially the
    conditions that affect human life through flooding, wildfires,
    droughts, and weather. At the same time, we should study other planets
    to the greatest extent possible as we work to unlock the secrets of the
    universe and prepare for the day American astronauts may operate for
    extended periods of time on other celestial bodies.
                                     ______

        Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Gary Peters to
                                 Jared Isaacman
        Question 1. In many of your answers in your last hearing, you noted
    that you were not privy to any internal budgetary planning
    conversations. However, you did share that you looked forward to
    reviewing the Office of Management and Budget's recommendations and
    working with Congress to determine the appropriate level of funding to
    ensure NASA can execute its mission.
        Now the president's request has been made public, and it includes a
    24.3 percent decrease in overall funding and a 47 percent cut in
    funding for the Science Mission Directorate. Further, O-M-B has
    instructed NASA to comply with the request without approval from
    Congress.
        If confirmed, are you prepared to push back against these efforts
    to ensure that we do not continue to see cuts to NASA's budget and
    staff without Congressional approval?
        Answer. I support the President's goal of reducing the deficit and
    ensuring the Nation remains on sound financial footing. That stated, if
    confirmed, I will work with Congress and always follow the law--
    ensuring NASA maximizes the scientific value of every dollar allocated.

        Question 2. We have seen massive reductions in staffing across
    agencies. The president's budget request for Fiscal Year 2026 includes
    a significant reduction in staff at NASA. The Office of Management and
    Budget has directed NASA to comply with the president's budget request
    without approval from Congress.
        As a result, we have already seen over 3,000 employees leave NASA
    since January. This loss in staff jeopardizes NASA's ability to
    complete missions safely and efficiently. You have big plans for NASA,
    but I fail to see how we achieve them if we are not retaining talent.
        What is your plan to ensure that NASA remains sufficiently staffed?
    How do you plan to do that in an environment where NASA's budget
    decreases?
        Answer. I believe NASA can only achieve its world-changing
    mission--to undertake the near-impossible on behalf of all humankind--
    with the support and contributions of the best and brightest across the
    Nation. When NASA focuses on what no one else can do, it will naturally
    attract the talent that seeks to work at the world's most accomplished
    space agency. If confirmed, I will do all I can with the resources
    afforded by Congress to support the mission.

        Question 3. The Artemis program--in addition to achieving a key
    national strategic goal--supports thousands of jobs across the U.S.
    manufacturing supply chain. This is extremely important in Michigan
    where suppliers are critical to NASA missions and goals.
        Unfortunately, the past year has been unpredictable and erratic for
    our Nation's space program creating a lot of uncertainty for companies
    supporting NASA missions--especially small businesses.
        Although Congress has stepped in to provide some base funding
    stability through Artemis V, delays in one element of Artemis can lead
    to inefficient workflow and costs for those who are ready to deliver.
        As Administrator how will you work to provide a stable environment
    that ensures Artemis maintains its launch schedule?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will do all I can to pull the present
    launch schedule forward, as it has been consistently delayed and over
    budget. NASA is faced with a rival moving at impressive speed, and it
    is imperative that we remove obstacles impeding progress and return to
    delivering world-changing missions as quickly and affordably as
    possible.
                                     ______

      Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tammy Duckworth to
                                 Jared Isaacman
    Question Topic: U.S. Space Leadership
        Question 1. Ensuring multiple commercial providers of
    transportation and other mission components is critical to improve
    safety, ensure efficiency, maintain leadership and successfully
    complete missions. NASA has long supported that approach as shown in
    the ``ISS Lessons Learned'' report, in which NASA wrote that
    ``dissimilar redundancy in transportation has been critical to the
    preservation of the ISS . . . Future exploration programs must be
    structured with alternative transport vehicles, so there is no
    particular system that becomes a single-point-of-failure.''

        Do you agree with the approach of securing multiple commercial
    providers for transport components of missions, as stated in NASA's
    ``ISS Lessons Learned'' report? Please explain your reasoning.
        Answer. I believe that for capabilities vital to national security,
    it is imperative that the Nation maintain redundancy--such as launch
    vehicles, human-rated spacecraft, and landers. It is worth noting that
    for much of the past two decades, and even today, U.S. space policy
    relies on a single heavy-lift launch platform for crewed lunar
    missions. Fortunately, industry investment and innovation now stand to
    reduce that dependency in the near future.

        Question 2. In your opening statement, you said ``we are in a great
    competition with a rival that has the will and means to challenge
    American exceptionalism across multiple domains, including in the high
    ground of space. . .if we fall behind--if we make a mistake--we may
    never catch up, and the consequences could shift the balance of power
    here on Earth.'' This is a sentiment I agree with and we are much less
    likely to make a mistake that causes us to fall behind if no one
    mistake can derail a mission.

        How do you plan to ensure that all aspects of the Artemis missions
    have redundancies and therefore help protect our global leadership?
        Answer. While I don't believe it is always appropriate for the
    government to buy two of everything, capabilities vital to national
    security--such as launch, human-rated spacecraft, and landers--justify
    having more than one path to mission success. As noted above, for more
    than two decades it has been U.S. policy to rely on a single launch
    vehicle for human lunar objectives, but thanks to commercial industry
    investments, that dependency will likely diminish.

        Should this include the Human Landing System of the Artemis III
    mission, that has consistently been delayed?
        Answer. I believe it is factual that there have been extensive
    delays across the entire Artemis architecture, and that must be
    addressed through improvements within NASA and across our commercial
    and international partners.
                                     ______

         Response to Written Question Submitted by Hon. Jacky Rosen to
                                 Jared Isaacman
    Question Topic: Future of NASA
        I'd like to discuss your vision for NASA's future and how you
    intend to position the agency for long-term U.S. leadership is space.
    Microgravity research--the conducting of experiments not possible here
    on Earth -has historically produced major breakthroughs in biomedical
    science, materials development, and advanced manufacturing.

        Question 1. Mr. Isaacman: Given the competitive international
    landscape, do you support elevating microgravity research as a national
    strategic priority? And would you support partnering with commercial
    microgravity research payload services to promote American leadership
    and avoid ceding this domain to foreign competitors?
        Answer. Consistent with my testimony, I believe it is imperative
    that NASA help unlock an economy that directly requires the unique
    environment of microgravity--otherwise the future of space will remain
    largely taxpayer-funded. In that respect, NASA should do all it can,
    alongside industry and academia, to prioritize the highest-potential
    science and research on the ISS and through suborbital providers where
    appropriate, in order to accelerate the emergence of a sustainable
    orbital and eventually lunar economy.
                                     ______

     Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. John Hickenlooper to
                                 Jared Isaacman
    Scientific Workforce Pipeline
        Mr. Isaacman, your ``Project Athena'' strategic plan aligns with
    the President's budget request to cut NASA's Science Mission
    Directorate by nearly 50 percent. You have also advocated for NASA to
    adopt a ``science-as-a-service'' model where we buy data from industry
    rather than running missions ourselves. NASA science funding not only
    pays for data, it pays for people. NASA grants directly fund the
    tuition and stipends of the students and postdocs who become our
    nation's experts in aerospace, space sciences, and physics. These
    proposed cuts effectively fire the next generation of American
    scientists before they even graduate.

        Question 1. Mr. Isaacman, how will you ensure American dominance in
    space when these proposed cuts could dismantle the training pipeline
    for the very workforce we need to maintain it?
        Answer. To be clear, the draft document referenced never made any
    determinations to cut agency budgets or programs and science-as-a-
    service was something to research specific to certain earth-observation
    missions . Referring broadly to science and the future workforce
    pipeline, the objective was always to make NASA a force multiplier for
    science--applying agency resources and talent to enable academia to
    increase the rate of world-changing discovery. Consistent with my
    testimony, I believe it is fundamental to NASA's mission to direct
    grants to academic institutions that develop the pipeline of future
    scientists, engineers, researchers, and astronauts, and to support
    science and technology development aligned with agency objectives.

        Question 2. Mr. Isaacman, China is actively increasing its
    investment in STEM education. If we push our brightest young minds out
    of the field by defunding their training supported by NASA, aren't we
    just handing our advantage over to our adversaries?
        Answer. I believe inspiration and STEM engagement are inherent in
    everything NASA does. By executing on the mission--which naturally
    requires extensive collaboration with academic institutions--
    inspiration and STEM education will follow. That next generation can
    then join the great adventure, whether at NASA or in industry,
    strengthening America's competitiveness and national interests.
    Science Cuts' Impact on Partnerships
        Mr. Isaacman, ``Project Athena'' aims to terminate active
    scientific programs and close NASA facilities. Our scientific
    partnerships are built on decades of trust, stability, and
    collaboration among researchers at NASA Centers. If we abruptly shutter
    labs, terminate scientists and engineers, and cancel programs, we
    aren't saving money: we are burning bridges with international allies.

        Question 3. Mr. Isaacman, how can NASA remain the partner of choice
    for the world's best scientists and space agencies if these commitments
    are abandoned?
        Answer. The Athena document, as referenced, does not make any
    determinations regarding active scientific programs or the closure of
    any facilities.

        Question 4. Mr. Isaacman, if a university or international partner
    has spent millions building an instrument for a NASA mission, what
    impact would cancelling that mission to save cash have, why would any
    international partner trust a signed agreement with NASA ever again?
        Answer. As previously note, the Athena document does not make any
    such determinations. That said, while I am a strong advocate for
    science, I do not believe every mission or endeavor should be funded
    solely because an academic institution or international partner has
    contributed to it. NASA must be responsible for the resources afforded
    by congress and focus on the world-changing missions the agency was
    created to pursue--missions no other organization is capable of
    accomplishing. And to be clear, academic institutions and international
    partners are essential to achieving those goals.
    NASA Facilities Infrastructure
        NASA's ten Centers across the country play a key role in our space
    enterprise. These Centers design experiments and analyze data to
    produce key scientific findings; assemble, test, and prepare leading-
    edge payloads and spacecraft for in-space operations; and serve as
    mission control centers and collaboration hubs with researchers across
    the U.S. and world. In Project Athena, you expressed certain views
    which question the role or efficacy of NASA's network of Centers.

        Question 5. Mr. Isaacman, if any of NASA's Centers are closed or
    consolidated, how would you ensure NASA--and the U.S.--does not lose
    any critical capabilities in science?
        Answer. Consistent with my testimony, I do not believe it is a good
    use of time or resources to close centers when NASA requires the best
    and brightest to achieve world-changing missions. The document in
    question focused more on logically organizing assets across the
    agency--for example, considering Armstrong, which manages aircraft,
    actually oversee NASA's aviation fleet. Likewise, it suggested
    potentially repurposing resources that are currently supporting
    infrastructure or test assets in disrepair and with little-to-no
    demand, toward infrastructure and capabilities that are in great demand
    and vital to NASA's mission and to national security.
    Impact of Goddard Closures
        Mr. Isaacman, we have received reports that critical spaces
    essential for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope at the Goddard
    Space Flight Center are being closed on a compressed timeline. Earth
    observation missions like AQUA and TERRA are being shuttered. The
    DAVINCI mission to study the atmosphere of Venus is also on the
    chopping block. These events will have ripple effects throughout the
    space science ecosystem.
        Scientists, universities, and companies across the country,
    including in Colorado, are contributing to these missions, using the
    data they produce, and improving life for us here on earth.

        Question 6. Mr. Isaacman, how does the cancellation of productive
    investments like these align with your stated goal to ``maximize the
    likelihood of discovering scientific value''?
        Answer. I am not aware of any specific facility closures or
    cancellations of science programs. I am an advocate for science, and I
    have publicly defended missions--even offering to help personally fund
    some, including Nancy Grace Roman, Hubble, and the Chandra X-ray
    Observatory. I believe flagship missions that continue to yield
    meaningful scientific data at relatively low cost should operate as
    long as the cost-to-yield ratio remains favorable.
    Earth Observation Capabilities
        Space assets play a crucial role not just in exploring the cosmos,
    but also in protecting life and livelihoods here on Earth. Satellite-
    based observations for flooding, winds, lightning, drought, space
    weather, wildfires, and crop yields drive safety and economic strength
    across America.

        Question 7. Mr. Isaacman, what are your plans for ensuring
    continuity of space-based observations and assured U.S. access to the
    data we need to protect American citizens and drive national economic
    growth?
        Answer. I have always defended the importance of Earth observation
    data and making it freely available to academic institutions. We should
    also remain open-minded about how to capture that data affordably,
    recognizing that several Earth observation constellation providers are
    now capable of delivering portions of the mission at lower cost.
    Leveraging those commercial capabilities and capacity could free
    resources for exciting planetary science missions that only NASA is
    capable of undertaking.
    Microgravity Research
        NASA has led the world in delivering countless scientific
    breakthroughs thanks to research experiments conducted on the
    International Space Station (ISS). We have analyzed how proteins can
    crystallize in space, which led to drug development for conditions like
    muscular dystrophy. Over its decades in space, the ISS is now on track
    to be retired later this decade. Going forward, we believe it is
    essential the United States continues our sustained human presence and
    microgravity research in space.

        Question 8. Mr. Isaacman, if confirmed, how will you ensure NASA
    and Federal agencies have continued access to new commercial space
    stations to conduct scientific research?
        Answer. I have always taken the position that NASA should maximize
    the remaining life of the ISS and prioritize high-potential research--
    including the areas you referenced--so we can accelerate the
    development of an orbital economy and give commercial space stations
    the best chance of success. I have also consistently supported
    maintaining a ``continuous heartbeat in space'' and believe the United
    States should never accept a capability gap in low-Earth orbit, for
    scientific, economic, and national security reasons.
    National Academies Decadal Surveys
        Decadal surveys represent a consensus from the scientific community
    on the highest priority scientific questions for NASA to investigate,
    and help enable efficient use of taxpayer dollars through this
    prioritization process. However, you have suggested in past remarks
    that the Decadal Survey process is too slow to incorporate new
    discoveries and that these documents are overly prescriptive when it
    comes to NASA priorities.

        Question 9. Mr. Isaacman, can you provide further context for your
    suggestion that the decadal prioritization process should be
    reevaluated?
        Answer. Given the extent of the commercial space economy today--
    with numerous launch providers, lower costs, and rapid data analysis
    enabled by AI--a faster approach to prioritizing science than once per
    decade should be considered. Just because we have conducted our
    processes a certain way for decades does not mean it remains the most
    effective or efficient model for this new space age.
    NASA Science Mission Directorate
        NASA's most transformational missions typically take many years to
    go from formulation to development to launch to operations, often going
    beyond any one term or majority in Congress. There has been a push to
    speed up implementation time, but this is unlikely to happen any time
    soon and there are currently a slate of missions in development that
    have years left until completion.

        Question 10. Mr. Isaacman, how do you plan to address the current
    slate of science missions to ensure that during your tenure they
    continue on to launch and minimize costs to the taxpayer?
        Answer. I fully acknowledge that some missions will inherently span
    longer than a single administration to plan, build, and launch. Certain
    challenges demand those timelines. However, NASA should not grow
    comfortable with `generational programs' when there is clear hunger for
    data and discovery. If confirmed, I would intend to challenge the
    system to pursue breakthrough scientific missions as quickly and
    affordably as possible.

        Question 11. Mr. Isaacman, how will you sustain a scientific
    community working on these projects that relies on long-term stability
    and programmatic direction to achieve their strongest and most creative
    outputs?
        Answer. I do not believe most scientists want to build careers
    around a single program, but rather contribute to families of missions
    that build on previous successes--as we saw with Explorer, Pioneer, and
    Mariner. These iterative programs are not a replacement for exquisite
    flagship missions such as JWST, Dragonfly, or Europa Clipper, but we
    should not be comfortable with single scientific programs that unfold
    over decades when there should be hunger for data, iteration, and
    mission success at a much higher cadence.
    Mars Sample Return Mission
        The United States has led the world in the exploration of Mars
    since Vikings I and II landed in 1976. During questions from your first
    hearing, it was discussed how the Mars Sample Return mission will be
    crucial for planning a human mission to Mars. It is becoming
    increasingly clear delaying Mars Sample Return or waiting for
    astronauts to pick up the samples will make the human exploration of
    Mars much more costly and potentially dangerous, and it will cede
    decades of U.S. space exploration leadership to China. Martian soil has
    substances known to be toxic, as well as uncharacterized biological
    potential.

        Question 12. Mr. Isaacman, what is your plan to assess offers from
    U.S. companies to perform the Mars Sample Return mission as a
    commercial service for a fraction of the previous estimated cost?
        Answer. I believe a Mars Sample Return mission could lead to the
    most consequential scientific discovery in human history, and in that
    respect, I am eager to investigate the opportunities to pursue such a
    mission.
    Space Resources Utilization
        Space resources, and the extraction and mining of such resources,
    have the potential to support and enable future mission architectures,
    reduce reliance on Earth-sourced materials, and expand what is possible
    in space exploration. Developing the science of space resources and the
    technology to advance them is critical to maintaining our preeminent
    position as a spacefaring nation.

        Question 13. Mr. Isaacman, how will you ensure that NASA's approach
    to space resources--across research, policy, and partnerships--promotes
    responsible use while strategically integrating these capabilities into
    future exploration architectures, commercial missions, and potential
    Earth-supply applications?
        Answer. NASA is fortunate to have many talented subject-matter
    experts, along with numerous avenues to solicit input from industry and
    academia. I am particularly interested in resource utilization as a
    means to ignite an orbital and lunar economy capable of helping fund
    the space-faring future so many hope to see realized. There are, of
    course, significant scientific benefits to resource analysis, as well
    as practical applications--including shielding and habitats--that will
    likely be essential for sustained human operations on the Moon and
    Mars.
    Small Satellite Deep-Space Missions
        Colorado is home to one of the Nation's largest aerospace
    workforces and multiple major research universities and Federal labs.
    Small satellites are increasingly critical for scouting, communications
    relays, technology demonstrations, and space weather monitoring.

        Question 14. Mr. Isaacman, what role do you see for small
    satellites in enabling human and robotic missions in cislunar and deep-
    space? What policy support or funding mechanisms would best enable a
    sustainable cadence of small deep-space missions?
        Answer. As you may be aware, I have spoken and written extensively
    about NASA serving as a force-multiplier for science--leveraging
    talent, bulk buys of launch and spacecraft buses, and enabling academia
    to undertake more meaningful discovery missions, including in cislunar
    and deep space. I believe programs of this nature could help
    differentiate academic institutions and provide access to exploration
    assets that attract students and researchers. I have had initial
    conversations with academic institutions and industry on this topic
    and, if confirmed, would look forward to exploring the concept further.
    STEM Education & NASA
        You have stated previously that you view STEM Education as crucial
    for inspiring future generations and driving innovation as we compete
    with China and other countries. As you know, NASA's Office of STEM
    Engagement (OSTEM) and Space Grant Consortium works with non-profit
    affiliates across Colorado and nationwide to deliver quality STEM
    engagement programs to K-12 and college students. These programs
    successfully build a STEM workforce, connect students and faculty with
    NASA programs, and bridge academia to industry.

        Question 15. Mr. Isaacman, will you work with me to ensure that
    these OSTEM programs continue to grow to meet the challenges ahead?
        Answer. I believe STEM education and inspiration is inherent in all
    that NASA endeavors to accomplish and is vital to the long-term success
    of the agency.
    Artemis Mission Supply Chain
        In response to a question regarding the One Big Beautiful Bill's
    funding for the Space Launch System (SLS) for Artemis missions through
    Artemis V, you seemed to indicate that by that point, there will be
    other heavy lift options available and thus revised architectures may
    be possible. However, hardware is in flow now that supports SLS and
    Orion for flights beyond Artemis V. To interrupt the existing supply
    chain would risk putting in place another gap in U.S. human spaceflight
    capability--and as you rightfully stated in your testimony, we can
    never afford to let that happen again.

        Question 16. Mr. Isaacman, since we may not know the status or
    success of these alternative launch vehicles and landers for at least
    3-4 more years, will you commit to maintaining the existing supply
    chain and progress on hardware to support future Artemis missions
    beyond Artemis V at least until such time as we have a new vehicle (or
    vehicles) in place that is fully certified to fly with humans?
        Answer. I will certainly commit to working with Congress and will
    always follow the law. As it stands, the One Big Beautiful Bill
    contemplates funding through Artemis V, and in that respect, I agree
    that SLS and Orion are the most expeditious path to meeting near-term
    lunar objectives. However, it is worth acknowledging the cost of SLS as
    highlighted by NASA's Inspector General, and recognizing that if we
    want an enduring presence on the Moon--with mission cadence greater
    than every few years--and future missions to Mars and beyond, it will
    be imperative to eventually pivot to an architecture that enables more
    frequent and affordable launches.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. John Fetterman to
                                 Jared Isaacman
        Question 1. Mr. Isaacman, President Trump signed an executive order
    on August 28th that ended collective bargaining agreements between
    Federal employee unions and various Federal agencies, including NASA.
    In its justification for this move, the Administration stated that
    these collective bargaining agreements impede national security because
    they could delay implementation of ``time-sensitive'' national security
    measures. While the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 allows for the
    suspension of collective bargaining in limited national security
    circumstances, this August 28th decision covered every single Federal
    employee at NASA.
        Do you believe that every NASA employee that was represented by a
    union before August 28, 2025, is engaged in work which directly affects
    national security?
        Answer. I believe NASA undertakes work that is vital to the
    national interest and, in many cases, essential to America's
    competitiveness and national security.

        Question 2. Mr. Isaacman, the American people expect NASA to lead
    and execute on the President's plan to return to the Moon. I am
    particularly interested in what you are going to do to ensure success
    on the power generation missions, which are crucially important for any
    exploration on the lunar surface. Congress has historically highlighted
    the importance of a mix of power solutions, including utilizing solar
    array technologies. These systems increase the odds that we can beat
    China back to the Moon and claim key locations around the south pole
    while also being less expensive and faster.
        How do you view solar power generation fitting into the overall
    lunar surface power portfolio going forward?
        Answer. There is scarce real estate on the lunar surface that
    provides access to both solar power and vital resources. I believe it
    is imperative that NASA return to the Moon before our great competitor
    and establish the infrastructure necessary to realize the scientific,
    economic, and national security benefits of a sustained presence. That
    certainly includes solar power, of which I am a strong proponent. That
    said, not every scientific mission will be able to rely on solar
    energy--whether due to distance from the Sun in deep space, power-
    generation requirements (resource manufacturing), or other
    constraints--which is why I am also a strong advocate for urgent
    investment in space-based nuclear programs (propulsion and surface
    power).
                                     ______

        Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Roger Wicker to
                                Steven H. Haines
    Question #1:
        Recent global events have highlighted risks in our supply chains
    supply chains. These events, such as natural disasters and the COVID-19
    pandemic, caused significant delays and shortages. These obstacles can
    cause consumers in the U.S. to have to pay higher prices for everyday
    goods and lack access to critical products, such as medical supplies.
    The U.S. is heavily reliant on single countries for critical supply
    chain segments, including manufacturing components, critical minerals,
    and active pharmaceutical ingredients. This concentration poses a
    significant risk of disruption. Reported estimates suggest that more
    than 90 percent of U.S. manufacturing companies do not have complete
    visibility throughout their entire supply chain.
        The Industry & Analysis (I&A) unit at the International Trade
    Administration houses a dedicated Supply Chain Center charged with
    increasing the resilience of critical supply chains, integrating
    industry expertise and data analytics to develop supply-chain risk-
    assessment tools. The unit develops innovative supply chain risk
    assessment tools and coordinates case studies on critical supply
    chains.

        Question. Mr. Haines, as the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for
    Industry and Analysis, you would drive policy for U.S. manufacturing
    industries and supply chains. What actions do you think are necessary
    to rebuild domestic manufacturing capacity and advance U.S. supply
    chain resiliency?
        Do you agree that strengthening America's supply chains will ensure
    our economic competitiveness?
        Answer. I believe that strengthening America's supply chains is
    critical to our competitiveness and our national security.
        If I am confirmed as Assistant Secretary for Industry & Analysis, I
    will be charged with helping the Administration implement the America
    First Trade Policy and strengthen critical supply chains.
        As Assistant Secretary, I will ensure that I&A provides the most
    sophisticated analysis possible on supply chains, and works closely
    with American companies to make their supply chains stronger and more
    resilient by developing enhanced data resources and tools.
                                     ______

         Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Todd Young to
                                Steven H. Haines
        ITA's mandate is to support U.S. industry competitiveness, but it
    increasingly has to supply analysis for tariff actions and inclusion
    decisions that are justified on national security grounds.

        Question. If confirmed, how do you envision using ITA's analysis
    within the existing petition-and-comment process for tariff inclusions
    to ensure that decisions are grounded in clear, consistently applied
    criteria rather than trending over time toward very broad or automatic
    coverage of petitions?
        Answer. If confirmed as Assistant Secretary for Industry &
    Analysis, I will ensure that any future role I&A plays in any tariff
    inclusion process is grounded in clear, consistently applied, and
    evidence-based criteria. This includes a focus on objective factors
    such as U.S. and allied production capacity, lead times, quality
    requirements, and risks of circumvention or over-reliance on non-market
    economies.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Maria Cantwell to
                                Steven H. Haines
        Data Integrity. We have seen the integrity of Federal economic data
    threatened by this Administration. This summer, the Commissioner of the
    Bureau of Labor Statistics was fired after publishing jobs data that
    the president did not like. If confirmed, you would be responsible for
    providing critical analysis and data to support trade policy decisions.

        Question 1. If the Secretary or the President threatened to fire
    you if you released accurate economic data they did not like, would you
    risk losing your job to maintain data integrity?
        Answer. The President and the Secretary are committed to ensuring
    the accuracy and integrity of Federal data. If confirmed, I look
    forward to sharing their commitment to data accuracy and integrity.

        Question 2. Yes or No: Will you commit to never compromise the
    integrity of government economic data?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will follow the law.

        Supply Chains. The U.S. manufacturing sector employs nearly 13
    million American workers and accounts for 10.3 percent of our GDP, yet
    one supply chain shock can cause widespread disruption causing
    shortages and price increases.
        As we discussed during the hearing, my bill, the Promoting
    Resilient Supply Chains Act (co-sponsored by Senators Blackburn, Blunt
    Rochester, and Young), would expand the responsibilities of the
    Assistant Secretary for Industry and Analysis. These new
    responsibilities would include promoting the stability of critical
    supply chains and emerging technologies by identifying, preparing for,
    and responding to supply chain shocks. I appreciate your commitment to
    implementing the legislation to the fullest extent if enacted, and hope
    that you can elaborate on your view of the bill for the record.

        Question 1. Yes or No: Do you support my Promoting Resilient Supply
    Chains Act, and will you work with me to get this bill signed into law?
        Answer. The resiliency and security of America's supply chains is a
    top priority for the Industry & Analysis unit. I have been closely
    monitoring the potential enactment of the Promoting Resilient Supply
    Chains Act to ensure that I&A is ready to deliver on these new
    responsibilities if enacted.

        Question 2. What specific improvements do you think we should make
    to better protect our supply chains?
        Answer. President Trump is taking steps to restore American
    manufacturing and encourage the growth of key industries domestically.
    These efforts will incentivize demand for U.S.-made products and
    technologies and increase supply chain resiliency.
        In far too many areas, the United States has become reliant on
    imports of critical components and materials from adversaries,
    requiring bold action to secure American supply chains.
        Dependence on foreign sources introduces external vulnerabilities,
    heightening the risk of disruptions that could have significant
    consequences for U.S. economic security.
        Better understanding our exposure to producers in adversarial
    nations and identifying supply chain chokepoints is critical to helping
    American industry better restore, support, and safeguard their supply
    chains against unexpected shocks.
        If confirmed, I will continuously monitor and evaluate data sources
    to ensure it can map critical sectors. This data driven approach helps
    inform targeted actions by the U.S. government, whether through trade
    enforcement, supply chain interventions, investment reviews, or
    domestic industrial development.

        Tariffs' impact on American Families. The Trump Administration's
    unpredictable tariffs agenda has been felt the hardest by hard working
    American families and small businesses. In my home state, Teri's
    Toybox, a small toy store that has been in business for over 40 years,
    is experiencing 30 to 50 percent cost increases. This is forcing the
    store owners to absorb extra costs heading into the holiday shopping
    season and threatening the affordability of children's gifts.
        The Supreme Court is weighing a case right now that will determine
    if there has been presidential overreach.

        Question 1. Do you support the President's tariff agenda? Why or
    why not.
        Answer. Yes. President Trump's trade actions have been necessary
    and deliberate responses to years of unfair trade practices that have
    harmed American workers, manufacturers, and critical supply chains.

        Question 2. Do you believe the Administration's tariff policies are
    contributing to the affordability crisis impacting the American public?
    Why or why not.
        Answer. Under President Trump's leadership, we have seen record
    investment pour into the United States from around the world. We are
    also seeing wage increases outpace the rate of inflation, which has
    slowed after reaching 40-year highs under the Biden administration.

        Question 3. You have been working for this Administration since
    January. Are you aware of whether the Administration has developed
    specific contingency plans if the Supreme Court strikes down its IEEPA
    tariffs? If yes, please describe them.
        Answer. The President has a number of tools and trade authorities
    at his disposal, and he stands ready to use them as necessary.

        Question 4. What do you say to the small businesses like Terri's
    Toybox that are struggling with massive cost increases due to the
    Administration's tariffs and looming uncertainty?
        Answer. The Administration's trade policies are focused on
    revitalizing American manufacturing and encouraging the growth of
    strong domestic industries. If confirmed, I look forward to engaging
    with stakeholders from across the country to understand how businesses
    are impacted by trade policies.

        Tariff Analysis and Data. you served as Acting Assistant Secretary
    for Industry and Analysis earlier this year. You should be very
    familiar with the experts who collect key economic data for American
    trade and policy. However, the Administration has thus far failed to
    publish important analysis on how tariffs are impacting Americans and
    the U.S. economy.
        Economic analysis should underpin U.S. trade policy. And Congress,
    businesses and American consumers should know what analyses the
    Administration is relying on to justify this tariff chaos.

        Question 1. Would you agree that the office of Industry and
    Analysis has the expertise and ability to conduct analyses of the
    impact of tariffs on businesses, consumers, and the U.S. economy?
        Answer. Yes. Among its roles, I&A specializes in providing
    expertise, data, and advanced analytics to support stakeholders and
    inform decision-making on tariffs and trade, investment, and other
    matters affecting U.S. competitiveness.

        Question 2. If confirmed, will you commit to publishing economic
    impact analyses with data on critical American industries, supply
    chains, and the economy as a whole?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will ensure that I&A analysts continue to
    provide the most sophisticated, data-driven analysis possible, and work
    closely with stakeholders, including American companies, to provide
    analytical products on trade, supply chains, industries, and the
    broader economy.

        Tariffs Clothing and Textiles Impact. The Administration's chaotic
    trade policies have fostered confusion and disruption among key
    industries including the apparel and footwear industry. The Yale Budget
    lab estimates President Trump's import taxes will cause especially high
    price increases--22 percent for leather goods like shoes and 21 percent
    for apparel.
        The outdoor clothing industry is particularly vital to my state,
    representing $22.5 billion in GDP and more than 121,000 jobs in
    Washington alone.

        Question 1. Do you disagree with the Yale Budget Lab's analysis
    that apparel and footwear are facing major price increases due to
    tariffs? If so, what studies or data support your position?
        Answer. I recognize the importance of the apparel and footwear
    industries, including outdoor clothing, and if confirmed I am committed
    to supporting policies that advance fair trade and investment.

        Question 2. How long would it take to shift the current supply
    chains for these goods so more of their manufacturing can be done in
    the U.S.?
        Answer. The Trump Administration has taken several actions to
    ensure U.S. textile and apparel companies can manufacture competitively
    in the United States and employ American workers including closing the
    de minimis loophole and supporting this sector through policies that
    advance fair trade, investment, and sustainability.

        Question 3. What actions will you take to protect the apparel
    industry and small businesses, which currently face undue harm by the
    Trump Administration's tariff policies?
        Answer. The U.S. textile and apparel industry is a major engine of
    economic growth, supporting hundreds of thousands of jobs and
    generating billions in output and exports. To protect American
    producers from unfair competition while also preserving our industrial
    capacity, the Trump Administration made it a priority to close the de
    minimis loophole around the world and advance fair trade.

        Spokane Tech Hub. The goals of the Economic Development
    Administration's Tech Hub program are to diffuse our innovation
    capacity to all regions of the United States, onshoring our supply
    chains, and increasing our capacity for advanced materials
    manufacturing.
        We have established a Washington and Idaho Tech Hub in Spokane
    focused on advanced thermoplastic composite materials with the
    ambitious goal of enabling manufacturing by industry at scale.

        Question 1. Do you agree that the goals of the Tech Hub program are
    essential to our global competitiveness in the aerospace and aviation
    sectors?
        Answer. Supporting a healthy, robust manufacturing industry is
    central to the Department of Commerce's mission. I defer to officials
    at the Economic Development Administration about the specifics of that
    program.

        Question 2. Will you be an advocate within the Department of
    Commerce for the Spokane-Cour d'Alene Tech Hub?
        Answer. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with your
    office to learn more about this topic.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Amy Klobuchar to
                                Steven H. Haines
    Question Topic: Tourism
        The travel and tourism industry still face headwinds, including
    visa delays, workforce shortages, and a decline in international
    visitors--all of which affect U.S. services exports and regional
    economies like Minnesota's. The Department of Commerce's Industry &
    Analysis unit's data and competitiveness analysis will be key to our
    efforts to address these issues.

       How would you use the analytical tools of the office of
            Industry & Analysis to identify the barriers to travel and
            tourism recovery and turn those findings into recommendations
            that support this sector of the economy?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will work with the National Travel and
    Tourism Office to further strengthen and capitalize on its important
    programs for the sector.
    Question Topic: Brand USA
        I have long been an advocate for Brand USA, a public-private
    partnership that promotes international travel to the United States.
    International visitors generate an estimated $4,000 per trip and
    support more than 80,000 American jobs annually. I co-lead the
    bipartisan VISIT USA Act with Senator Sullivan to offset recent funding
    cuts to Brand USA.
        If confirmed, how will you work to strengthen programs like Brand
    USA--which does not use taxpayer dollars--to ensure the U.S. remains
    competitive in attracting international visitors, especially with major
    upcoming events like the World Cup, America's Semiquincentennial
    celebrations, and the 2028 Olympics?
        Answer. If confirmed, I will work with Brand USA to ensure that the
    program meets its statutory requirements.

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