[Senate Hearing 119-261]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                                                        S. Hrg. 119-261

                    RENEWING OUR COMMITMENT: HOW THE
                  OLDER AMERICANS ACT UPLIFTS FAMILIES
                   LIVING WITH AGING-RELATED DISEASES
=======================================================================

                                HEARING

                               BEFORE THE

                       SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON AGING

                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS


                             FIRST SESSION

                               __________

                             WASHINGTON, DC

                               __________

                            NOVEMBER 5, 2025

                               __________

                           Serial No. 119-17

         Printed for the use of the Special Committee on Aging
         
[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]         


        Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.govinfo.gov
                                __________

                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
62-490 PDF                  WASHINGTON : 2026 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------     
       
                       SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON AGING

                     RICK SCOTT, Florida, Chairman

DAVE McCORMICK, Pennsylvania         KIRSTEN E. GILLIBRAND, New York
JIM JUSTICE, West Virginia           ELIZABETH WARREN, Massachusetts
TOMMY TUBERVILLE, Alabama            MARK KELLY, Arizona
RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin               RAPHAEL WARNOCK, Georgia
ASHLEY MOODY, Florida                ANDY KIM, New Jersey
JON HUSTED, Ohio                     ANGELA ALSOBROOKS, Maryland
                              ----------                              
                McKinley Lewis, Majority Staff Director
                Claire Descamps, Minority Staff Director
                         
                         C  O  N  T  E  N  T  S

                              ----------                              

                                                                   Page

Opening Statement of Senator Rick Scott, Chairman................     1
Opening Statement of Senator Kirsten E. Gillibrand, Ranking 
  Member.........................................................     2

                           PANEL OF WITNESSES

Erick Montealegre, Family Caregiver, Broward County, Florida.....     4
Stephen Sappington, Patient Advocate, Harford County, Maryland...     6
Duana Patton, USAging President, CEO, Ohio District 5 AAA, 
  Ontario, Ohio..................................................     8

                                APPENDIX
                      Prepared Witness Statements

Erick Montealegre, Family Caregiver, Broward County, Florida.....    26
Stephen Sappington, Patient Advocate, Harford County, Maryland...    28
Duana Patton, USAging President, CEO, Ohio District 5 AAA, 
  Ontario, Ohio..................................................    30

                        Questions for the Record

Erick Montealegre, Family Caregiver, Broward County, Florida.....    35
Duana Patton, USAging President, CEO, Ohio District 5 AAA, 
  Ontario, Ohio..................................................    36

                       Statements for the Record

AARP Statement...................................................    39
American Foundation for the Blind (AFB) Statement................    42
Alzheimer's Association and Alzheimer's Impact Movement Statement    44
Defeat Malnutrition Today Statement..............................    47
National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys Statement................    50
National Association of Nutrition and Aging Services Programs 
  Statement......................................................    52
National Rural Health Association Statement......................    54
VISIONS/Services for the Blind and Visually Impaired Statement...    58

 
                    RENEWING OUR COMMITMENT: HOW THE
                  OLDER AMERICANS ACT UPLIFTS FAMILIES
                   LIVING WITH AGING-RELATED DISEASES

                              ----------                              


                      Wednesday, November 5, 2025

                                        U.S. Senate
                                 Special Committee on Aging
                                                    Washington, DC.
    The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 3:30 p.m., Room 
216, Hart Senate Office Building, Hon. Rick Scott, Chairman of 
the Committee, presiding.
    Present: Senator Scott, McCormick, Moody, Husted, 
Gillibrand, Warnock, Kim, and Alsobrooks.

                 OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR 
                      RICK SCOTT, CHAIRMAN

    The Chairman. The U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging 
will now come to order. Today, we are once again talking about 
an incredibly important issue that affects millions of American 
seniors and their families, the reauthorization of the Older 
Americans Act, OAA, and its impact on seniors with age related 
conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
    The OAA is one of the most quietly impactful laws this 
country has ever passed. It is the reason a senior in Naples 
gets a warm home-delivered meal through Meals on Wheels. It is 
the reason a daughter in Pennsylvania can take a few hours of 
respite after spending the night caring for her father with 
Alzheimer's.
    It is the reason a man in West Virginia with Parkinson can 
still get to a physical therapy appointment using 
transportation services. It is the reason senior centers across 
the country, including New York, can help coordinate with all 
of these things to support older Americans and their families.
    These are just a few examples of the faces of this law. 
When we talk about reauthorization, we are talking about 
protecting the people who raised us, served our country, built 
our communities, and now simply need a bit of our support. 
Across the United States, more than seven million older 
Americans are living with Alzheimer's, including more than 
580,000 in my home State of Florida.
    Alzheimer's steals memories and independence, often turning 
spouses and children into full-time caregivers overnight. 
Nearly one million Americans live with Parkinson's disease, 
which slowly robs people of movement, balance, and speech, but 
not of their determination or dignity. Each year about 90,000 
new cases are diagnosed, and behind each one is a family 
learning to adjust, adapt, and to persevere.
    Behind each of these numbers is a caregiver, a husband, a 
wife, a son, or a daughter providing care around the clock. 
More than 11 million Americans provide unpaid care for people 
living with Alzheimer's or another Dementia. Together, they 
give 19.2 billion hours of informal assistance valued at $413 
billion, and that doesn't even include caregivers for 
Parkinson's, ALS, or other chronic diseases of aging.
    These are people holding down jobs, raising children, and 
still finding time to feed, bathe, and comfort a loved one who 
depends on them. They do it out of love, and they deserve our 
support. That is why the Older Americans Act is so vital. It 
works because it is not a big Government approach. It is 
directing resources to local communities. It is neighbors 
helping neighbors.
    In Florida, I have seen the impact firsthand through our 
Area Agencies on Aging, our senior centers, and the volunteers 
who deliver meals, install ramps, and check on seniors who live 
alone. For families living with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and 
other age-related diseases, these programs are not luxuries, 
they are lifelines. They meet a hot meal, a safe home, a few 
hours of rest for a caregiver, or a ride that keeps someone 
connected to their community.
    When we talk about reauthorizing the Older Americans Act, 
we are not just debating policy. We are renewing our commitment 
to America's seniors. A commitment that in the United States, 
we will stand by our parents and grandparents as they age, and 
that when disease or disability strikes, families will not have 
to face it alone.
    Every service made possible by this law represents 
compassion made real. That is what governments should do, 
empower communities to care for one another and let them direct 
resources to meet their local needs because they understand 
their communities far better than anyone in Washington, D.C. 
does.
    I have said it before and I will say it again, our seniors 
have spent their lives building and serving this country, and 
this bill is one way we ensure they continue to be supported, 
respected, and valued. I am proud to be leading the 
reauthorization of the Older Americans Act this year with 
Ranking Member Gillibrand, helping committee Chairman Cassidy 
and Ranking Member Sanders.
    I urge all my colleagues to support this important 
legislation so we can continue to honor, protect, and care for 
America's seniors and the families who stand beside them each 
and every day, and now I would like to recognize Ranking Member 
Gillibrand for her opening statement.

                 OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR 
             KIRSTEN E. GILLIBRAND, RANKING MEMBER

    Senator Gillibrand. Chairman Scott, thank you for calling 
today's hearing, and thank you to our witnesses for being here.
    I am greatly looking forward to our discussion on how our 
Older Americans Act provides vital life sustaining supports to 
older adults and people with disabilities that allow them to 
live with dignity and independence in the community of their 
choice.
    Many Americans don't realize that the OAA even exists, even 
though an estimated one in six older adults and millions 
nationwide are helped by OAA funding and programs that it runs 
each year. In 2024 alone, the OAA allowed older Americans to 
receive over 240 million meals at home or in a community 
setting, over 14 million trips to a doctor, the supermarket, or 
community events, and over 10 million hours of help with 
everyday tasks like dressing or bathing.
    The OAA is a bipartisan workhorse program that flies below 
the radar. It helps fill the gaps and serves as connective 
tissue that improves the efficiency of federal programs like 
Medicaid, Medicare, Social Security, SNAP, and LIHEAP. Older 
adults and people with disabilities want to live and thrive in 
their communities, and the essential supports administered 
under the OAA allows them to do just that.
    It's just a bonus that it's also cost efficient. Providing 
services to the community saves taxpayers billions of dollars 
every single year that would otherwise pay for extended stays 
in the hospital or institutional care, like nursing homes, 
which are far, far, more expensive. In 2024, OAA funding 
generated 3.39 times the return on that investment. This means 
that every dollar invested in OAA aging services generated 
$3.39 in community value and taxpayer savings. Furthermore, 
because of the efficient service delivery, older adults avoided 
1.9 million days of long-term hospital stays and institutional 
care but now is not the time to take our foot off the gas.
    Authorization of the Older Americans Act expired last year. 
Even though so far there have been limited interruptions in OAA 
service delivery because of this lapse, it is vital to pass a 
reauthorization this fall to modernize the statute and be 
reflective of the evolving needs of older adults.
    In June, I was proud to join Chairman Scott and our 
colleagues in introducing a bipartisan Older Americans Act 
Reauthorization of 2025. This bill reflects our bipartisan, 
bicameral agreement that was included in last December's final 
appropriations package, which unfortunately ultimately fell 
apart.
    Particularly as the aging population is growing at the 
fastest rate in our Nation's history and more Americans are 
being diagnosed with aging related diseases each day, it is 
crucial to reauthorize this legislation that allows for greater 
flexibility and increased capacity under the law to meet the 
need.
    In today's hearing, our witnesses will highlight how the 
OAA helps families living with aging related diseases by 
providing them with a variety of supportive and nutritional 
services, health promotion programs, and support for family 
caregivers. However, OAA services are just one essential piece 
of this puzzle. It helps these families live well in their 
communities now.
    Other bipartisan landmark laws, like the National Plan to 
End Parkinson's Disease, and the National Alzheimer's Project 
Act, which are currently being implemented by HHS, help to 
chart the path for the future. They represent a federal 
commitment to changing the trajectory of neurodegenerative 
diseases that impact millions of American lives.
    As we continue this work, it is my top priority to ensure 
that the voices and the needs of older adults and people with 
disabilities are elevated in federal policy discussions, 
particularly about the implementation of key statutes that 
impact their lives today and for years to come.
    I look forward to doing this in my role as ranking member 
of the Aging Committee and the Senate co-chair of the 
bipartisan congressional Parkinson's Caucus, and the soon to be 
formed Americans with Disabilities Caucus. I will always fight 
to make sure that older adults and people with disabilities can 
age with health, dignity, and independence in their homes, in 
their communities, and in the setting of their choice.
    I look forward to hearing from our witnesses today about 
how we can strengthen and administer the OAA to do exactly 
that.
    The Chairman. I want to thank Ranking Member Gillibrand for 
all of her hard work on all these issues, and I would like to 
welcome our witnesses. Our first witness is Eric Montealegre. 
Mr. Montealegre is a resident of Broward County in my home 
State of Florida.
    Along with his sister, he is a caregiver for his father who 
was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment four years ago. He 
also serves as a trained volunteer Alzheimer's Association 
community educator and previously served as a long-term care 
ombudsman. Thank you for being here. You may begin your 
testimony.

            STATEMENT OF ERICK MONTEALEGRE, FAMILY 
               CAREGIVER, BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA

    Mr. Montealegre. Thank you, Chairman Scott, Ranking Member 
Gillibrand, and members of the Committee. Thank you for the 
opportunity to testify today. My name is Eric Montealegre, and 
I live in Broward County, Florida.
    I am a family caregiver, a volunteer with the Alzheimer's 
Association, and a small business owner in the senior care 
field. I have only been in the field for a short time, about a 
year and a half, but every day reminds me of just how vital 
programs supporting older adults are not just for families like 
mine in Florida, but for the nearly 12 million family 
caregivers nationwide who are caring for someone living with 
Alzheimer's.
    Today, I speak to you first and foremost as a son, one of 
four adult children doing our best to care for our father, 
Alberto, who is living with stage three mild cognitive 
impairment. I am proud to have him here today with me. As 
November is National Family Caregiver's Month, it makes today's 
hearing especially meaningful.
    Dad was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment five years 
ago, when we first noticed changes in 2019. Initially he lived 
on his own, proud of his independence, but over time it became 
clear that he needed more support, and he moved in with my 
sister.
    We soon found ourselves learning, often through trial and 
error, how to balance his independence with his safety, and how 
to find resources that would help him stay connected both to 
his community and to his family.
    Caregiving, as many of us here know, is emotionally taxing, 
physically demanding, financially challenging, and it is a 
full-time responsibility. With the help of our local Area 
Agency on Aging, we accessed services under the Older Americans 
Act, which have made a world of difference to his quality of 
life.
    At first, Dad received home delivered meals, which ensured 
he had healthy food and provided the reassurance of a daily 
check-in. He then began attending a local adult day center, 
which has become the heart of his day-to-day life, and in many 
ways the heart is my story. Dad now participates in many 
activities that keep him engaged and happy. Like he is learning 
to play the piano and he does lots of art.
    He is able to exercise regularly and safely at the gym that 
they have onsite. He gets to play chess daily, which is 
something that he has enjoyed throughout his entire life and 
allows him to remain socially and mentally engaged. He is 84 
years old, and since attending the center, he started taking up 
dancing, which has been a surprise to all of us. It is 
encouraging to see him enjoying something new at this stage of 
his life and it gives us hope and the ability to hold back the 
progression of the disease.
    The center provides much more than just recreation. It 
gives him cognitive stimulation, physical activity, social 
connection, and dignity, and for my siblings and me, it gives 
us respite and peace of mind. Knowing that he is in a safe, 
engaging environment allows us to focus on our own families, 
our own careers, and without constantly having to worry.
    I truly believe that the structure, consistency, and 
connection that the center provides are key reasons why my 
father is doing as well as he is today. It has allowed me to 
step back from being his care manager and allows me to spend 
time with him just being his son. Dad immigrated to the United 
States from Columbia back in the 1970's.
    Over the course of the disease, he has lost some of his 
English and now speaks primarily Spanish. This can make it 
difficult for us to communicate with him on complicated topics 
such as retirement benefits and planning. The center employs 
bilingual trained staff who can speak to him in his native 
language, helping him and us understand the complicated issues 
that we need to know to make decisions around his care.
    It is hard to overstate what a relief it is to have 
caregivers who truly understand him and speak his language. 
They can often pick up on like nuances in his speech that even 
sometimes I miss. Hispanics are one and a half times more 
likely to develop Alzheimer's disease, making it all the more 
important to prioritize high quality, culturally, and 
linguistically appropriate programs.
    Programs funded through the Older Americans Act are doing 
exactly that. They are meeting people where they are and 
honoring their story. In my culture, caring for our elders is 
part of who we are, and I hope that my children see that 
example and carry it forward. Reauthorizing and strengthening 
the Old Americans Act is an investment in our families, our 
dignity, and the community.
    Its programs provide families like ours with structure, 
valuable resources, support, and hope. I Hope that my siblings 
and I can give dad the best care possible, and hope that as our 
country ages, no family will have to walk this journey alone. 
Thank you again for the opportunity to testify, and I look 
forward to your questions.
    The Chairman. I think we all hope our kids are going to 
take care of us. I hope so. All right, now we are going to 
recognize Senator Alsobrooks to introduce our next witness.
    Senator Alsobrooks. All right. Thank you so much to 
Chairman Scott and Ranking Member Gillibrand. I am really 
pleased to introduce our next witness, Steve Sappington, who is 
a constituent of mine from Harford County, Maryland.
    Mr. Sappington is a patient advocate who was diagnosed with 
Parkinson's disease in 2015. Shortly after his diagnosis, Mr. 
Sappington became involved with Rock Steady Boxing, which 
provides boxing classes for Parkinson's patients that are 
specifically designed to help mitigate symptoms.
    When funding provided through the Older Americans Act for 
Rock Steady Boxing was in jeopardy, Mr. Sappington became a 
driving force behind the creation of Rally Against Parkinson's, 
a non-profit organization dedicated to protecting this vital 
exercise, education, and wellness resources for people living 
with Parkinson's.
    Mr. Sappington continues to advocate for the 
reauthorization of the Older Americans Act and the 
implementation of the National Plan To End Parkinson's Act to 
better support Marylanders living with Parkinson's disease.
    Mr. Sappington, thank you so much for joining us today to 
share your story. You may begin your testimony--actually we are 
going to go to introduce one more witness--okay, and you can 
actually begin your testimony now.

            STATEMENT OF STEPHEN SAPPINGTON, PATIENT
               ADVOCATE, HARFORD COUNTY, MARYLAND

    Mr. Sappington. Thank you so much. Hello, Chairman Scott, 
Ranking Member Gillibrand, and members of the Committee. Thank 
you for the invitation to join you today. My name is Steve 
Sappington, and I am 73 years old. I am married to my wife Dee 
for 51 years, and I was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 
2015.
    We have five sons and nine grandchildren who keep us busy 
and motivated. For over three years before my diagnosis, my 
wife and I noticed a number of changes in my behavior. I was 
taking tiny steps instead of long strides. My once clear 
handwriting became illegible. We went to Longwood Gardens, and 
I suddenly couldn't smell the thousands of blooming flowers. My 
hands began to shake.
    My balance was deteriorating. I had no idea what 
Parkinson's disease was. Dee urged me to see her family 
physician who referred me to a neurologist. That is when I was 
diagnosed in 2015. I was upset and frankly in denial. No one in 
my family had ever had Parkinson's disease.
    At that time, Dee and a close friend who also had 
Parkinson's--and she and a friend were attending a class called 
Rock Steady Boxing, and these classes, they kept telling me for 
weeks how great they were. I wanted nothing to do with it at 
the time, why would I want to go to a boxing class? I was still 
angry and ignoring the obvious, and I guess going to a class 
would mean I had to recognize I did indeed have PD. Eventually, 
I gave in, mostly to get them off my back.
    I went to observe a class secretly determined to hate it. 
Instead, I found it interesting and even fun. Everyone was 
friendly and welcoming. All had Parkinson's, had different 
progressions, and they were doing exercise specifically 
designed to counter the symptoms of the disease.
    I started going to three-hour long classes, four to six 
times a week--I am sorry, three-hour long classes, four to six 
time a week and noticed small but immediate results. I 
faithfully went for 18 months, and then I heard that the 
funding for these classes was in jeopardy. After talking with 
the gym owner and certified trainers, I realized I couldn't let 
the classes stop due to lack of funding.
    More than over 200 older adults with Parkinson's, people 
like me, were benefiting from these free classes. I decided to 
start a nonprofit to raise money to keep them going. In 2018, I 
launched a nonprofit called Rally Against Parkinson's, or RAP, 
to make that happen. We were all volunteers, mostly seniors 
living with Parkinson's and some friends, learning as we went.
    With help from community grants as in the Older Americans 
Act and our own fundraising, we were able to secure enough 
funds to cover costs and keep every class free. That support 
made it possible for hundreds of people with Parkinson's to 
keep exercising, connecting and improving their health.
    Today, our program offers 10 free hour long classes each 
week. It has been life-changing for so many. Programs like this 
need secure, long-term funding. My neurologist tells me that my 
Parkinson's symptoms have remained unusually steady, saying it 
has never happened before in decades of her practice and 
dubbing it a miracle.
    I went eight years without needing to increase my 
medication, something very rare in a progressive 
neurodegenerative disease like Parkinson's. I believe the 
exercise and community programs like Rock Steady Boxing are a 
big reason why. When I first heard my diagnosis, it rocked my 
world. I didn't know what my future would hold. My balance and 
energy were fading.
    I was skeptical of the boxing class originally, but I went. 
That single decision changed my life. That is why the Old 
Americans Act matters. Programs that provide transportation, 
home delivered meals, caregiver support, and community services 
make it possible for people like me to get to classes that 
improve mobility, reduce isolation, and help caregivers 
continue their vital work.
    I and many from Rock Steady Boxing class attend monthly 
Parkinson's support group meetings, and caregivers attend the 
caregiver support group monthly meetings, all funded by the 
OAA. Thank you. These services don't cure Parkinson's. There 
still is no cure, but they keep us moving, participating, and 
connected while these researchers work toward better 
treatments.
    My ask is simple, please reauthorize and fund the Older 
Americans Act this year with strong support for Title III 
services, nutrition programs, transportation, and caregiver 
support. These investments help people with Parkinson's and 
millions of other older adults stay in their homes, and 
communities keep moving and stay connected.
    I also ask on behalf of the Parkinson's community that you 
support robust federal funding for PD research and ensure the 
implementation of the National Parkinson's Project Act and a 
seated advisory council. These efforts are important pathways 
to a cure. Thank you for the opportunity to share my story.
    I will be submitting a full written statement and look 
forward to any questions that you may have. Thank you so much.
    The Chairman. Thanks for being here. I look forward to 
hearing about the boxing. Okay, Senator Husted, if you will do 
our next witness.
    Senator Husted. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I would like to 
introduce in Ohioan, Duana Patton. Welcome to the Committee. 
Ms. Patton serves as the President of USAging, a national 
organization representing the Nation's 600 plus Area Agencies 
on Aging.
    In this role, she leads efforts to strengthen and modernize 
the Older Americans Act and ensure that community-based 
programs like home delivered meals, transportation, caregiver 
support, and in-home assistance remain accessible to older 
adults and their families.
    Additionally, Ms. Patton serves as the CEO of Ohio District 
5 Area Agency on Aging, where she has worked to expand access 
to dementia friendly services, improving workforce training, 
and promoting partnerships across health and aging sectors. Ms. 
Patton, thank you for joining us today, and please begin your 
testimony.

         STATEMENT OF DUANA PATTON, USAGING PRESIDENT,
            CEO, OHIO DISTRICT 5 AAA, ONTARIO, OHIO

    Ms. Patton. [Technical problems]--sorry. Chairman Scott, 
Ranking Member Gillibrand, and members of the Committee, thank 
you for the opportunity to speak before you today. My name is 
Duana Patton, and I am honored to serve as the CEO of Ohio 
District 5 Area Agency on Aging, where I have worked for nearly 
31 years.
    Our agency located in Ontario, Richland County, Ohio, is 
one of 613 Area Agencies on Aging, or AAAs, located across the 
Nation that helps older adults remain independent and supported 
in their communities. I am also the board President of USAging, 
the National Association of AAAs.
    On behalf of these agencies, and the millions of older 
adults and family caregivers we serve, I want to express my 
gratitude for your continued commitment to improving and 
prioritizing the Older Americans Act. As the older adult 
population in the United States continues to rise rapidly, AAAs 
have seen increased demand for OAA programs and services across 
the country.
    Strengthening the OAA, which is administered by the 
Administration for Community Living, over the next decade will 
be critical as it is the cornerstone of the Nation's non-
Medicaid home and community-based services, serving nearly 11 
million older Americans per year. The Aging Network carries out 
these services and includes state units on aging, Title VI 
Native American aging programs, and tens of thousands of local 
service providers.
    The OAA enables the local delivery of home and community-
based services, which are almost always less expensive than 
institutional care provided in nursing homes or assisted living 
facilities. The longer older adults can successfully age at 
home, the better it is financially for families and the Federal 
Government.
    For over 50 years, AAAs have served as the local leaders on 
aging. We are social care experts and often the front door to 
aging services, receiving referrals from caregivers, 
physicians, and community partners, usually at a time when a 
person is facing a new or increasing risk related to aging.
    The core services we provide include nutrition, supportive 
services, caregiver support, health and wellness, and elder 
rights. Our person centered approach recognizes the health of 
the person and focuses on interventions that will foster better 
outcomes. A good example of that is Ms. Gray.
    Ms. Gray was referred to our AAA following a hospital stay 
for a chronic health condition. She was not complying with her 
medication regimen and had poor eating habits. By providing 
personal care in her home weekly and home delivered meals, Ms. 
Gray has improved health both physically and mentally and has 
not been admitted to the hospital since she started receiving 
these services.
    This is a powerful impact of the Older Americans Act. There 
are several OAA programs that provide critical support to older 
adults with age-relating diseases. First is the Older Americans 
Act Title III-B, Supportive Services, the bedrock of the Act, 
and a lifeline for older adults needing in-home support.
    Then we have OAA Title III Nutrition Services Program, the 
largest program in the country that provides nutrition services 
to older adults in need. Additionally, OAA Title III-D, 
Evidence Based Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Programs 
support falls prevention and health management for older 
adults.
    Title III-E, the National Family Caregiver Support Program, 
supports the family caregivers of older adults. Last, 
authorization of the OAA expired last year, and since the last 
reauthorization in 2020, AAAs have identified new opportunities 
to be even more responsive to the evolving needs of older 
adults.
    In closing, the lessons we learned during the pandemic 
underscore the importance of allowing AAAs to continue using 
innovative practices that have proven effective. The timing of 
this reauthorization is ideal. It gives us the opportunity to 
strengthen what works, modernize where needed, and ensure the 
Act continues to meet the needs of older adults, caregivers, 
and communities across the Nation.
    Chairman Scott, Ranking Member Gillibrand, and members of 
the Committee, thank you for the privilege to share my passion 
and stories from the field. This day for me is particularly 
meaningful, not only because it marks my mother's 82nd 
birthday, but also because this opportunity stands as a 
cornerstone moment in my career dedicated to serving older 
adults like my mom.
    The Chairman. I thank each of you. You have great stories 
about the importance of the OAA. Now we are going to go to 
questions. Senator McCormick, would you like to go first?
    Senator McCormick. Thank you. Thank you all--thank you, Mr. 
Chairman. Thank you, Ranking Member. Thank you all for taking 
time to speak with us today. You bring such important 
perspectives, and this is something that we are very focused on 
in Pennsylvania with our aging population.
    Mr. Sappington, you have a unique perspective as both a 
patient and an advocate for Parkinson's disease patients and 
caregivers. How does the support you get from your community 
volunteers compliment federally supported programs like those 
covered under the Older Americans Act?
    Mr. Sappington. Volunteerism is the center of everything. 
We wouldn't have anything if it weren't for volunteers and 
people that we are working on. I hope I am answering your 
question properly, but I think it works in concert with those 
benefits provided by the OAA because the OAA provides many 
services such as transportation, nutrition, and well, many 
other services.
    I think without the people, the caregivers, and the 
volunteers who support them, you wouldn't be able to have all 
that. In other words, it wouldn't happen without--they are 
synergistic, I guess.
    From my vantage point, all of these have been very 
beneficial for all of us. We would not be able to sustain the 
program that we have at all without that being the case, 
without the OAA providing transportation, without providing 
some of the programs that they have.
    I know that the support group meetings that I go to were 
funded by the OAA. That is something that has been vital for us 
to get information and get the word out to other people that--
through our volunteers, we are able to get large people 
gathered for these meetings and get the word out about our 
programs that we offer, so again, they kind of go hand in hand. 
I hope that helps.
    Senator McCormick. Yes, it does. Thank you. You know, we 
have more than 300,000 Pennsylvanians that suffer from 
Alzheimer's, and nearly 50,000 Parkinson's patients live in our 
Commonwealth. These numbers don't capture the hundreds of 
thousands of caregivers who volunteer their time and resources 
to support their loved ones.
    Mr. Montealegre--I hope I got that right--you know, your 
firsthand experience, you know, with your father and so many 
others in your community is extremely valuable. You have 
touched on several services supported by the Older Americans 
Act.
    What do you think is missing in the programs covered under 
the OAA that would go a long way toward supporting Americans 
with these neurodegenerative diseases?
    Mr. Montealegre. Thank you for the question. I think one of 
the most important things is time. The sooner that the family 
caregivers can learn what services there are at the diagnosis 
point--a lot of families get diagnosed, they get told, and then 
they get appointments with social workers who can give them a 
multitude of options.
    The family needs to understand that the sooner they can get 
their loved ones into treatment and therapy, the sooner they 
can start pushing back on these diseases that do not have 
cures.
    I think a lot of times there is a slight delay between 
diagnosis and the start of community resource interventions. If 
there is anything we could do to shorten that time or limit 
that time, it would make an impact in everybody's lives.
    Senator McCormick. Thank you very much. Thank you, Mr. 
Chairman.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Alsobrooks.
    Senator Alsobrooks. Thank you so much to Mr. Chair and 
Ranking Member Gillibrand. You know, like so many of my 
colleagues, I am a part of what they call the sandwich 
generation, which means that I am caring for a 20-year-old 
daughter, and also I am really privileged to balance that with 
the caregiving of my parents.
    I also hear daily from Marylanders who are caring for their 
own family members, and I know how important the responsibility 
can be. I share it with each of you in having a mother who is 
suffering from dementia. My father was her caregiver, and he 
has most recently turned ill himself.
    It is the case that so many adult children who are 
balancing work, childcare, and caregiving, it can be a really 
awesome responsibility. We know that a shutdown causes so much 
fear and turmoil for so many people who are just wondering what 
tomorrow will look like.
    Now, the Older Americans Act exists to bridge the gap for 
caregivers, to ensure that older adults can live independently 
and with dignity, and to support the families who care for 
them. Last year, Congress got to the five-yard line on a 
bipartisan reauthorization of this critical law before a tweet 
by Elon Musk undermined the progress.
    At the very same time, the families are being requested to 
do more with less, we know that this Administration has moved 
to dissolve the Administration for Community Living, weakening 
the agency responsible for coordinating the support nationwide. 
Our responsibility is clear.
    We must reauthorize and strengthen the Older Americans Act 
and ensure the programs and agencies that carry it out have the 
staffing and stability needed to meet rising need, especially 
during a shutdown that, in my opinion, has gone on too long. I 
look forward to hearing from each of you today in discussing 
how we can protect and strengthen the systems that our seniors 
depend on so that they and their caregivers are supported and 
not left behind.
    The first question for Ms. Patton or Mr. Montealegre, is 
about the ACL cuts and shutdown. The Administration for 
Community Living is the backbone of the Older Americans Act. It 
keeps the Nation Aging Network coordinated and functioning, but 
over the past year we have sweeping staffing reductions along 
with a proposal to dissolve the agency altogether and fold its 
functions into a larger, less specialized division at the 
Department of Health and Human Services.
    Now, layered on top of these cuts, we are 36 days into a 
shutdown that has frozen or delayed essential work across the 
agency. Ms. Patton, what does it mean for families and 
caregivers when the ACL loses staff, loses structure, and is 
unable to operate its Older Americans Act programs?
    Ms. Patton. Thank you for the question. You know, I think 
that is where the Older Americans Act, where we see its 
greatest strength, is because it does start at the federal 
level through state units on aging, all the way down to the 
local level.
    You know, during the pandemic, the AAAs, we were required 
to be very nimble and to come up with ways in which, during 
trying times or challenging times, whatever the reason, to make 
sure that individuals and families have the services and 
supports that they need.
    When we think about the Older Americans Act and the way it 
is designed, and the importance of the reauthorization, it is 
making sure that no matter what is happening around us, that we 
have the ability to serve the people in our communities, to 
take care of the individuals in a timely way, and to think 
about caregivers.
    You know, that is the value of the Older Americans Act is 
because there is this federal perspective and the authority to 
administer the Old Americans Act, but then it works its way all 
the way down to the local level where we can be innovative and 
responsive to the needs of individuals.
    Senator Alsobrooks. Thank you. Now, Mr. Sappington, first 
of all, I want to thank you for being here today and for the 
work that you have done in Maryland in keeping our community 
exercised and moving in programs like the one that you have 
been involved in.
    Your testimony, I think, underscores something really 
important about the Older Americans Act, and it is how it helps 
people to live well today and also helps people to have hope 
for tomorrow. As someone who is living with Parkinson's, you 
know personally what it means to rely on the day-to-day support 
for long-term search for better treatments.
    I want to ask you, how do the services that the Older 
Americans Act supports, like transportation, caregiver 
resources, and community exercise programs, help people with 
Parkinson's maintain functions, stay connected, and live well 
day to day?
    Mr. Sappington. Thank you for the question. I will try to 
do my best to answer that. The OAA provides vital support in 
terms of the transportation and the caregiver support that 
people with Parkinson's desperately need.
    The fact that it is a federal program and obviously needs 
to be supported and reauthorized to prevent any disruptions and 
access to critical support like home care, transportation, or 
caregiver assistance.
    I am also going to say that the National Plan To End 
Parkinson's Act would be something that would go hand in hand 
with the OAA, because the OAA provides what people need now, 
the services they need to get from point A to point B to be 
connected and to continue to stay active, and as well as the 
nutrition and the caregiver supports.
    The OAA is vital to people with Parkinson's and those that 
have neurodegenerative diseases in the older population. They 
both go hand in hand with the National Plan To End Parkinson's 
Act.
    One is basically providing people what they need now to 
live with their--older Americans to live their 
neurodegenerative diseases, and the other looks for a permanent 
end to those diseases, so they kind of work hand in. One is the 
now cause. One is the future cure for it. I can't say enough 
about the need for both, so thank you very much for that 
question.
    Senator Alsobrooks. Thank you so much.
    The Chairman. Ranking Member Gillibrand and I would love it 
if everybody on the Committee would co-sponsor the re-
authorization of the OAA. Let me turn it over to Senator Moody.
    Senator Moody. Thank you so much, Chairman Scott and 
Ranking Member Gillibrand. Thank you for holding this important 
hearing on a very important topic. Let me welcome my fellow 
Floridian from Broward County, Eric Montealegre. I Appreciate 
you being here.
    Thank you so much, and to all of our witnesses today. This 
is so important, and these hearings help us not only highlight 
how certain policies help Americans--the challenges that we 
might face in getting policies pushed through Congress. This is 
all part of that process and such an important part, and we 
appreciate you taking part in today's hearing.
    I was raised by a mom who dedicated her entire career to 
helping seniors, aging Americans, working with the groups that 
are supported through the Older Americans Act. It is probably 
no surprise when I became Florida's Attorney General, one of 
the first things I did was set up a senior protection team, 
which was an interagency team to focus on how we can better 
serve aging Americans.
    As you know, we are the Sunshine State in Florida, but we 
are also the Silver State, I like to say. It was so important. 
I want to thank the attorneys that worked with me and the 
investigators that worked with me.
    They did so much to protect seniors in our state, but I 
think one of the things that gets lost in this piece of 
legislation is that it authorizes grants for long-term care 
ombudsman program, and specifically the Elder Abuse Neglect and 
Exploitation Prevention Programs.
    I know that we have people here, a volunteer now with 
Alzheimer's Association, but previously, I believe, sir, you 
served as a long-term care ombudsman. I know, Ms. Patton, you 
as well.
    I would just like to talk to you because so many of these 
programs, and not just those that are specifically designed to 
prevent or hold people accountable for abuse and exploitation, 
but also the programs like Meals on Wheels and other programs 
where we have interaction with our aging population so that we 
can better identify those seniors that may be in need--I would 
just like to hear from you how important those programs are to 
our aging population based on your own personal experience.
    We will start with you, Mr. Montealegre.
    Mr. Montealegre. Thank you, Senator Moody. I like to think 
of the ombudsman program less of a compliance program and more 
of like a cooperation program. Residents oftentimes have needs 
that they can have trouble expressing or maybe don't know who 
to express those needs to.
    The ombudsman would uncover those needs through asking, 
through developing relationships, and then bring those needs to 
the management of a facility to try to resolve or to maybe just 
bring that to awareness.
    Most of the time, when I was in the program, that was 
exactly the case. It was a need that was not being addressed 
because there was no awareness, and that was some of the best 
work that I could do.
    Senator Moody. Are there any tweaks that you think need to 
be made to the legislation--probably in many instances, once 
you made them aware, that was remedied, and we were providing 
better care, but do you think there need to be any tweaks in 
the legislation to provide better coordination with law 
enforcement when these instances might be identified?
    Mr. Montealegre. Well, the ombudsman are required 
reporters, and there is a process in place--at least in 
Florida, there is a process in place to report that to the 
correct authorities when needed--immediately if needed so.
    I am not sure about legislation, but I would say that I 
think there's an education piece that needs to be done at the 
community level so that the residents are aware of their rights 
and aware of what we can do to benefit them.
    Many times, I would tell somebody, hi, I am your ombudsman, 
and they are like, what? Once they understand what my 
responsibility was and my role was in supporting them, they 
would open up. I think that is just a lack of clarity to the 
population.
    Senator Moody. I will ask you, Ms. Patton, the same 
questions.
    Ms. Patton. Thank you. Great question, and from our 
perspective, in Ohio, at our AAA, we actually administer and 
sponsor the Ombudsman Program, so I am very familiar with that, 
and also, in parts of our region, we administer the Adult 
Protective Service Program.
    I think one of the amazing things is that the Older 
Americans Act allows AAAs to be the front door. A lot of times, 
people are coming into a AAA at the front door needing 
information and assistance, or a referral somewhere, and 
through the process of, you know, talking with them and 
building this trust, we often learn about things that are going 
on in their lives that maybe they might not open up to that are 
very appropriate for a referral to an ombudsman program or to 
an adult protective services program.
    A lot of times people do find themselves in situations and 
they don't even realize that they have rights or that they 
might be exploited. The fact that the Older Americans Act 
exists--and Area Agencies are across the country working with 
ombudsman programs, whether they sponsor it, or it is somewhere 
else in their community, or adult protective services, or law 
enforcement.
    The fact the AAAs are boots on the ground in their 
communities, we like to think that those collaborations happen, 
and, you know, I think when we think about the reauthorization 
of the Older Americans Act, and the fact that we want to embark 
more flexibilities, that there can be more of that, more 
collaboration at the local level to protect individuals.
    Senator Moody. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    The Chairman. Thank you, Senator Moody. Senator Kim.
    Senator Kim. Thank you, Chairman. Ms. Patton, I actually 
just wanted to build off of what you were just talking about 
there. You noted that Area Agencies on Aging are often front 
doors for families navigating aging related challenges. I guess 
I wanted to ask you, how can we strengthen coordination across 
the local, the state, and the federal levels to make it easier 
for older adults and caregivers to access the full range of 
support that they need?
    Ms. Patton. I think that part of that comes with, you know, 
awareness of what AAAs can do and do in their communities--
talking about it. I love the stories that the gentlemen have 
shared here with me today, is that when there is this awareness 
and there is conversations about things that are sometimes a 
little difficult to talk about, it builds that collaboration.
    When the Aging Network, AAAs, other partner agencies can be 
at the table and talk about policies, talk about funding, talk 
about challenges that exist, then great programs and innovative 
ideas come to be.
    Senator Kim. Because you are saying that they are where the 
rubber hits the road, and as a result, you know, the insights 
so they can be able to provide--can just really encourage that 
kind of creative, innovative thinking?
    Ms. Patton. Absolutely. I think AAAs, you know, throughout 
many, many years have been innovators. The Act has allowed us 
to do that.
    Senator Kim. Yes. When we kind of zoom out a little bit, I 
guess I just wanted to get a sense of your kind of overarching 
priorities. You know, do you have ideas of what are some of the 
most critical priorities that Congress should consider as we 
are working to reauthorize the OAA, you know, to be able to 
ensure that the programs are meeting the needs of today?
    Ms. Patton. I think it would be real easy for folks to talk 
about funding. When we talk about the Older Americans Act, and 
the way that it exists--and its purpose is to make sure that 
there is this local perspective.
    That local organizations can work together to determine 
what the needs are in their local communities, and that there 
is flexibility to ensure that maybe the way that somebody needs 
a home delivered meal in one part of the region or country is 
not necessarily the same way somebody needs it in another part 
of the country.
    Senator Kim. Yes. I appreciate that. Mr. Montealegre, I 
guess there is something there that I felt like kind of 
connected with things that you have talked about when you have 
highlighted the importance of you know, culturally and 
linguistically appropriate care. How can the OAA programs 
better ensure that caregivers and older adults from diverse 
communities have equitable access to this kind of support?
    Mr. Montealegre. Well, I think it is important to 
understand that as people progress through the disease, very 
often they start losing languages but then revert to original 
native languages.
    It is important to us to understand, you know, where our 
community came from so that we can train and bring in the right 
people with the right skill set to support those people who 
have for one reason, or another lost the ability to speak 
English.
    That would keep them engaged with therapies and with 
community resources that will help them stave off the 
progression of disease.
    Senator Kim. Yes. I appreciate that. It is something that I 
have been grappling with myself. My father is somebody who has 
been declining quite rapidly over the last year, and actually 
just a couple weeks ago we got the formal diagnosis of 
Alzheimer's for him.
    He is somebody that has lost the faculty to speak English, 
has reverted back to Korean. He doesn't actually realize he is 
not speaking English. He thinks he is, but it has been very 
difficult. There are very few places where we can get care--
caregivers and get that kind of support in Korean.
    It has been just very challenging to be able to do so in a 
way that I feel like he is taken care of while I am here at the 
Capitol, so, you know, I agree with you wholeheartedly on that 
front, that we need to be pushing on that. I mean, look, just 
as we are talking through this, you know, Chairman, I am 
grateful that you brought this up because again, I really do 
think and we have talked about this before, you know, this is a 
unifying issue.
    You know, this is something that all of us understand as 
part of the human condition in terms of what our families are 
going through, and at a time when we are certainly having 
deadlocks and challenges and other types of policy debates, I 
do hope that our ability to draw upon just the struggles that 
so many families are facing when it comes to aging related 
challenges--I know, as I said, you know, we have kind of 
plunged into the deep end as a family and it has been 
overwhelming for us. It has been a very difficult last year.
    Things that I never realized that we would have to 
confront, and to do so while I am also raising an eight year 
old and a 10 year old has been a lot, and so, you know, this 
isn't just academic to me or theoretical to me, and I am 
grateful for you all coming on out here, talking to us about 
this.
    You have my word that we will do everything we can here to 
try to push forward on the reauthorization and do it in a way 
that can provide help to so many Americans, so with that, I 
will yield back, Chairman.
    The Chairman. Thank you, Senator Kim. Senator Husted.
    Senator Husted. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thanks to the 
Ranking Member and you for hosting this hearing today. In 
preparation for this hearing, I was doing a little research, 
and I saw that this problem of isolation and loneliness is 
getting worse. It did hit a--perhaps a peak during the COVID 
pandemic, but as a trend, it is getting worse.
    I saw the report that said people between the ages of 15 
and 80 reported feeling lonely and isolated--one in three 
people found themselves in that situation, and that loneliness 
and isolation is associated with an additional $6.7 billion in 
Medicare spending.
    If we can do better at eliminating the loneliness and the 
isolation, we get better health outcomes, people's cognitive 
decline is maintained for a longer period in their life, and 
better--higher quality of life, which is also important. 
Longevity, but also quality of life is a big deal, and I know 
that in doing some of the research, you see that, look, it is--
I know my parents are 86 and 87.
    They have each other and they have my brother and sister 
who live very near them, so they have that family structure 
that helps a lot. It helps a lot, but I know a lot of people 
don't have that. Our society, for a variety of reasons, in 
terms of family formation, the number of children, people 
having the mobility, and people living all around the country 
or all around the world--children, meaning their adult 
children--makes it harder on them.
    I will start with my Ohioan, Ms. Patton. What have you seen 
over the years in these trends? Not just as a matter of policy, 
but as a society, how can we do better?
    Ms. Patton. Well, I think certainly through the pandemic, 
social isolation really came, you know, to be. We started 
talking about it.
    A lot of those statistics, we are very aware of those. I 
think that what we need to make sure that we are doing is not 
just saying that someone is socially isolated but meeting them 
where they are, and I think the gentleman over here talked 
about the fact that he was able to go to a senior center and 
didn't realize the value that that would bring. I like to tell 
the story real quickly, if I could.
    We had a gentleman during the pandemic that could not go to 
the grocery store, was afraid to go out in public, but we had 
grab and go meals, and so, he came to the agency, picked up a 
grab and go meal, and you know, had nutrition--you know, better 
nutrition. He was diabetic. He was living on pop tarts and hot 
dogs. That is what he was eating because that is what he could 
fix.
    After he began getting the grab and go meals, he lost 
weight, and his diabetic medication was reduced. In addition, 
he made friends because we made the grab and go meal experience 
something in which the individuals engaged with our staff and 
engaged with each other.
    Today, that very same gentleman is coming to the congregate 
meal site and is healthier, happier, and certainly more engaged 
with the community. I think what we have to do is we have to be 
creative, and we have to think about what makes someone 
socially isolated and what would help them become more engaged 
in their community. It might not be going to a senior center or 
a meal program.
    It might be that they become one of those volunteers in an 
innovative program that AAA has created where they pick up the 
phone and they are calling somebody else. It can be that 
simple.
    Senator Husted. Yes. How is it? I mean, I know that every 
Agency on Aging is different. They are run by different--you 
know, this isn't administration. It is innovation. What are 
some of the examples or best practices that you have seen used 
to create that engagement?
    Ms. Patton. One of the great examples is the phone a friend 
where seniors are engaged in telephone calls back and forth 
with each other. We have leveraged schools in our communities 
where we invite them to participate with us to have 
intergenerational programs where we can provide the 
transportation for a senior to get to the school and maybe read 
to a student.
    In addition, you know, a lot of the Older Americans Act 
programs bring people into the home because people are 
remaining in the community versus in an institutional setting, 
and so, by working with meal providers, personal care 
providers, and people that are in the home, making sure that 
they are building a relationship with the individual.
    Maybe sometimes they are bringing puzzles, or books, or 
things for people to do so that they can be more engaged, 
whether they are at home or in the community.
    Senator Husted. Great. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    The Chairman. Ranking Member Gillibrand.
    Senator Gillibrand. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I wanted to 
ask a little bit about how the OAA connects older adults to 
multiple social services. Sort of a general experience from 
you, Eric, and Stephen, and maybe from you, Ms. Patton, you 
could tell me how it actually fits together.
    Things like Medicaid, SNAP, LIHEAP, that our older 
Americans rely on, and how does this serve as an umbrella for 
organizational structure for delivery of critical services? In 
particular, how does it affect rural Americans, because one in 
five of our older adults are in rural America? Ms. Patton?
    Ms. Patton. Thank you for the question. The Older Americans 
Act as the umbrella of many services allows us to connect 
people to the services that you had mentioned, Medicaid and 
SNAP.
    A lot of times, we will work with individuals in our 
agencies that come to the front door or that are participating 
in a program, and we want to make sure that they are connected 
to the resources that are available to them, whether it is SNAP 
or Medicaid, but one of the things that we also do is we are, 
in many cases, a Medicaid diversion.
    Trying to use the lowest cost intervention that is 
possible, the funding sources or programs that exist, and then 
connecting them to these services at the right time when they 
need them.
    A really good example of SNAP is an individual that gets 
SNAP but doesn't have transportation is not going to be able to 
leverage those, so we have actually, in our network, been able 
to leverage the Older Americans Act services, and help people 
connect and use the services that they may be eligible for.
    Senator Gillibrand. Understood. Stephen or Eric, do you 
have any anecdotes about how it has worked for you?
    Mr. Montealegre. I will go next, so here in Broward, the 
agency serves as, like she mentioned, an umbrella organization, 
but they also are an experimental organization as well, where 
they are reaching out to technology companies, for example, 
like robot puppies or robot cats, to help people deal with 
isolation and feelings of loneliness, and as well as like radar 
for alert monitoring devices, things like that.
    These are things that I wasn't even aware of that existed 
or were even needed, and I think the agency is constantly 
looking for other things that could help, and while--and then 
they vet those programs or products or resources.
    Going to the agency gives us a sense of confidence that 
there is all these different things, and maybe these things 
work for us or not, but what we feel is they are safe to try, 
and they are safe to go talk to without possibly having our 
family members fall into some kind of bad situation or some 
kind of trap, and that certainty makes it easy for us to reach 
out to them and say, hey, you are a safe source, so the other 
organizations also funnel themselves automatically to the Area 
Agencies on Aging because they know that if they can get the 
agencies buy in and support, that the population, the community 
will reach out to them for help as well.
    Senator Gillibrand. Understood. Stephen.
    Mr. Sappington. Yes, I would like to say that grassroots 
programs are often the closest to the need and they see 
firsthand what helps older adults and people living with these 
cognitive diseases stay healthy and engaged. Increasing the 
funding for the Area Agencies on Aging so that they can partner 
with and support innovative community-based nonprofits.
    Area Agencies on Aging can also offer technical support and 
guidance to older adults who want to start local programs but 
may lack the experience or resources, and transportation is 
also--on the OAA, transportation is often the biggest barrier 
for keeping older adults and people with Parkinson's and other 
neurodegenerative diseases----
    Senator Gillibrand. Have you used any of those 
transportation services?
    Mr. Sappington. Yes, I have.
    Senator Gillibrand. Give us an example of where it made a 
difference for you.
    Mr. Sappington. We have had--well, personally speaking, we 
have--I got a call from a gentleman that had just been 
diagnosed with Parkinson's.
    He thought it was the end of the world. His parents had 
died. His girlfriend had just broken up with him. He went to 
the doctor and was diagnosed, and he came back in--ironically 
enough an infomercial was on, and I had reached out to some 
people in the media and was doing a thing on Parkinson's and 
how to fight back against that, and he thought his world was 
coming to an end and saw me giving my phone number, and I got a 
call from him. I spent the next two and a half hours walking 
him off the edge.
    I ended up meeting with him halfway. He was 20--he was in 
Baltimore City. I was up around the Pennsylvania line, and 
anyway, we ended up meeting halfway and I hooked him up with a 
way to get from down 20 miles away from where he was to a Rock 
Steady Boxing class that he would be able to----
    Senator Gillibrand. Oh, that is great.
    Mr. Sappington [continuing]. be able to take advantage of 
that. That worked out very well. Thank you for that.
    Senator Gillibrand. Thank you--thank you.
    The Chairman. Mr. Sappington, tell me about your boxing. 
What do you do?
    Mr. Sappington. It is fun. Well, first of all, I want to go 
back and say I did tell all the gals that were trying to get me 
to go that they were right.
    The Chairman. It is always better.
    Mr. Sappington. Yes, yes it is. You recognize that sooner 
is always better later, but they play music, and everything 
they do is designed to combat the symptom of Parkinson's, and 
Parkinson's is one of those things where you have--you know, 
your brain and interferes with your muscles' ability to respond 
and your body. That is why they get the dyskinesia and the 
shakes, and your body not behaving the way that it should.
    First of all, they play rock music of our generation, which 
gets you involved with it. You know, so you are there from a 
musical standpoint. That is wonderful, and then they give you 
short commands where you have to use your brain and your mind 
to stay active. Like, you are going to throw x amount of 
combinations of punches into heavy bags, or you are going to--
they have ladders painted on the floor, and you have to step in 
and step out of them in much the way you see football players 
do between tires.
    Ours are not between tires because we would be falling all 
over the place, so these are just painted on a floor, and you 
would have to use your footwork, and you have to have strength 
in your brain to tell your muscles what to do, and if you keep 
doing that, the muscle memory becomes very strong, and it can 
override some of the symptoms, and that is wonderful. 
Parkinson's even takes away your voice, and my voice used to 
not very often be this soft, but even with the commands that 
they give you, you have to use your voice to holler back, so 
you get you to--the more you exercise it, the more can 
strengthen your voice, so it works out very well.
    The Chairman. You don't have to box a person.
    Mr. Sappington. No. That was one of the things that I 
harbored under when I first heard it. Why would I want to go 
boxing, you know, but----
    The Chairman. I already have a problem. I don't need 
another one.
    Mr. Sappington. Right. No, but I appreciate the question. 
That is exactly where I was, at least from my standpoint, so, 
thank you.
    The Chairman. Mr. Montealegre, how would you find these 
services? How did you even find out about them?
    Mr. Montealegre. Not fast enough, to be perfectly honest. 
We started, you know, using internet searches to try to find 
and see what options there were. I think that is where we 
started getting confused. I think if you put in, you know, 
dementia, any of those kind of searches, tons of things come 
up.
    After having gone through several rounds of talking to the 
wrong people, I found the right people, and they were able to 
get us in to take classes for us so that we could understand 
what was going on, so we could learn about what dementia 
progression looks like. What some symptoms are that might 
happen.
    What adaptations we can make to help our family members. It 
is that kind of education that really gave us the confidence to 
keep looking. At that point, we don't even know what we don't 
know, so when you don't know what you don't know, you don't 
know what to look for.
    Being in those classes, it tells you this is what you need 
to look for, this is what you need to look for, and it is 
really developing like a new vocabulary for things that we had 
never heard of before.
    The Chairman. Ms. Patton, can you tell me--do you have any 
other stories you want to tell us about how you have changed 
people's lives?
    Ms. Patton. Thank you for asking, so, I have been very 
inspired by both of the other witnesses here today and the 
questions that have come from the Committee. I think that, you 
know, what I would really like to just share is the things that 
we have just talked about here, this discussion has inspired me 
to think about, you know, the value of the Older Americans Act, 
the value of conversations like this with people that can tell 
stories and that can make a difference in policy and in 
practices.
    It saddens me when Eric says that he didn't get the 
information fast enough, and, you know, I think that, you know, 
through the Older Americans Act and the innovative approaches 
for AAAs, and when we think about the programs that we have--
you know, I am thinking about 3(d) and the evidence-based 
programs--is where we are touching individuals and how 
invaluable it is that we are meeting people before they are in 
crisis. That we are leveraging the funds and the programs under 
the Older Americans Act to get to families, caregivers, and 
individuals before the crisis.
    The Chairman. Do you think you both help people and you 
save money?
    Ms. Patton. Absolutely. We help people and we save money, 
and the sooner that we do that, and the more innovative we can 
be, yes.
    The Chairman. Have you helped people either stay active in 
their job or stay active in their volunteering?
    Ms. Patton. Yes, through the Area Agency and through the 
Older Americans Act transportation services, through the 
ability to work collaboratively with other organizations. We 
have many individuals that come and volunteer in our meal sites 
that might not otherwise get out.
    The Chairman. For any of you, is there any reason at all 
you think we shouldn't reauthorize the OAA? Is there any--in 
your wildest imaginations, can you imagine why we wouldn't do 
that?
    Ms. Patton. [No response.]
    The Chairman. No, it is pretty simple isn't it. Well, on 
behalf of the Ranking Member, I just want to thank you guys for 
coming here. I want to thank you for your testimony. I think 
that having a hearing like this gives us an opportunity to 
give--you know, hopefully inspire all of our colleagues to 
focus on this and get this done as quickly as possible.
    I would like to thank everyone for being here today and 
participating. I look forward to working with members across 
the aisle and down the dais. If any Senator has additional 
questions for the witnesses or statements to be added, the 
hearing record will be open until next Wednesday at 5:00 p.m. 
Thank you guys for coming.
    [Whereupon, at 4:36 p.m., the hearing was adjourned.]

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                                APPENDIX

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                      Prepared Witness Statements

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                 U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging

         "Renewing Our Commitment: How The Older Americans Act 
          Uplifts Families Living With Aging-Related Diseases"

                            November 5, 2025

                       Prepared Witness Statement

                           Erick Montealegre

    Chairman Scott, Ranking Member Gillibrand, and members of 
the Committee - thank you for the opportunity to testify today.
    My name is Erick Montealegre, and I live in Broward County, 
Florida. I'm a family caregiver, a volunteer with the 
Alzheimer's Association, and a small business owner in the 
senior care field. I've only been in this field for a short 
time - about a year and a half - but every day reminds me just 
how vital programs supporting older adults are, not just for 
families like mine in Florida, but for the nearly 12 million 
family caregivers nationwide who are caring for someone living 
with Alzheimer's.
    Today, I speak to you first and foremost as a son - one of 
four adult children doing our best to care for our father, 
Alberto, who is living with stage three mild cognitive 
impairment. I am proud to have him here with me today. As 
November is National Family Caregivers Month, it makes today's 
hearing especially meaningful.
    Dad was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment five years 
ago, after we first began noticing changes in 2019. Initially, 
he lived on his own, proud of his independence, but over time, 
it became clear he needed more support and moved in with my 
sister. We soon found ourselves learning, often by trial and 
error, how to balance his independence with safety - and how to 
find resources that would help him stay connected to his family 
and his community.
    Caregiving, as many of us here know, is emotionally taxing, 
physically demanding, financially challenging and a full-time 
responsibility. With the help of our local Area Agency on 
Aging, we accessed services under the Older Americans Act, 
which have made a world of difference to his quality of life. 
At first, Dad received home-delivered meals, which ensured he 
had healthy food and provided the reassurance of a daily check-
in. He then began attending a local adult day center, which has 
become the heart of his day-to-day life - and, in many ways, 
the heart of my story. Dad now participates in many activities 
that keep him engaged and happy, like piano and art. He is able 
to exercise regularly and safely at the gym they have on-site. 
He also gets to play chess daily, which is something he has 
enjoyed throughout his life and allows him to remain socially 
and mentally engaged. He's 84 years old and, since attending 
the center, he has taken up dancing - which has been a surprise 
to all of us. It's encouraging to see him enjoying something 
new at this stage of life and it gives us hope in his ability 
to hold back the progression of the disease.
    The center provides much more than just recreation. It 
gives him cognitive stimulation, physical activity, social 
connection, and dignity, and for my siblings and me, it gives 
us respite and peace of mind. Knowing he's in a safe, engaging 
environment allows us to focus on our own families and careers 
without constant worry. I truly believe that the structure, 
consistency, and connection that the center provides are key 
reasons why my father is still doing as well as he is today. It 
has allowed me to step back from being a "care manager" and 
freed me to spend time with him as his son.
    Dad immigrated to the United States from Colombia back in 
the 1970s. Over the course of his disease, he's lost some of 
his English and now speaks primarily Spanish. This can make it 
difficult for us to communicate with him on complicated topics, 
such as retirement benefits and planning. The center employs 
bilingual staff who can speak with him in his native language, 
helping him and us understand complicated issues around 
decisions that need to be made. It's hard to overstate what a 
relief it is to have caregivers who truly understand him and 
speak his language. They can pick up on nuances in his speech 
that even I sometimes miss.
    Hispanics are one and a half times more likely to develop 
Alzheimer's disease, making it all the more important to 
prioritize high-quality, culturally and linguistically 
appropriate programs. Programs funded through the Older 
Americans Act are doing exactly that - meeting people where 
they are and honoring their story. In my culture, caring for 
our elders is part of who we are, and I hope my children see 
that example and carry it forward.
    Reauthorizing and strengthening the Older Americans Act is 
an investment in families, dignity, and community. Its programs 
provide families like ours with structure, valuable resources, 
support, and hope. Hope that my siblings and I can give Dad the 
best care possible while balancing our own lives, and hope 
that, as our country ages, no family will have to walk this 
journey alone.
    Thank you again for the opportunity to testify, and I look 
forward to your questions.

                 U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging

         "Renewing Our Commitment: How The Older Americans Act 
          Uplifts Families Living With Aging-Related Diseases"

                            November 5, 2025

                       Prepared Witness Statement

                           Stephen Sappington

    Hello Chairman Scott, Ranking Member Gillibrand, and 
members of the Committee. My name is Steve Sappington. I'm 73 
years old, married to my wife Dee for 51 years, and I was 
diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 2015. We have five sons 
and nine grandchildren who keep us busy and motivated.
    For about three years before my diagnosis, Dee and I 
noticed strange changes in my health. I was taking tiny steps 
instead of my usual long strides. My once-clear handwriting 
became illegible. We went to Longwood Gardens and I suddenly 
couldn't smell the thousands of blooming flowers. My hands 
began to shake, and my balance started to deteriorate. We had 
no idea what Parkinson's disease was. Dee urged me to see our 
family doctor, who referred me to a neurologist. When I was 
diagnosed, I was upset - and frankly, in denial.
    A friend of Dee's who also had Parkinson's kept telling me 
about a local boxing program called Rock Steady Boxing. She 
said it was life-changing. I wanted nothing to do with it. Why 
would I want to go to a boxing class? I was angry and ignoring 
the obvious.ut eventually, I gave in and went to observe a 
class, finding it interesting and fun. Everyone there had 
Parkinson's, each at different stages, and the exercises were 
designed specifically to combat symptoms of the disease. 
Everyone was friendly and welcoming. I started going to the 
free, hour-long classes four to six times a week. The results 
came slowly but surely: better balance, improved strength, and 
a huge boost in mood. I went religiously for 18 months. Then I 
learned the funding for the classes was in jeopardy.
    After talking with the gym owner and certified trainers, I 
realized I couldn't let the classes stop. More than 200 older 
adults with Parkinson's were benefiting from these free 
classes. I decided to start a nonprofit in late 2017 to raise 
money to keep them going.n April 2018, I helped create Rally 
Against Parkinson's (RAP) to keep the classes going. Getting it 
started took a lot of work. We were a group of unpaid 
volunteers - all seniors, most living with Parkinson's - who 
had no experience running fundraisers. We learned on the job 
because we knew what these classes meant to us.
    We applied for a Community Grant-in-Aid through the 
Community Outreach Office. We were denied the first year, but 
the next year we received half of what we requested - about 
$10,000. The full cost to run the program was more than $30,000 
a year, so we organized several fundraisers annually to make up 
the difference. RAP has always been a no-cost program, using 
100 percent of every dollar raised to pay for the classes.
    When COVID hit and gyms closed, we didn't stop. We quickly 
adapted by holding socially distanced classes in the gym's 
parking lot and launching Zoom sessions for those who couldn't 
or preferred not to leave home. As the program grew, we 
expanded to our local YMCA and secured a county grant to 
purchase equipment. Today, our program includes four in-person 
classes each week, two livestream classes added during the 
pandemic, and two additional sessions hosted at the YMCA.
    At 71, I decided it was time to step back and was fortunate 
to find another volunteer - a young 65-year-old - to take over 
as president. My neurologist calls me "a miracle." He says it's 
rare to see someone with Parkinson's remain at the same 
medication level for eight years. I credit that to consistent 
exercise and the community built through programs like RAP.
    Programs like ours are possible because of the foundation 
created by the Older Americans Act (OAA). Local OAA-funded 
services, including transportation, congregate and home-
delivered meals, caregiver support, adult day services, and 
other supportive programs, make it possible for older adults 
like me to stay active and connected.

These services work together:

      Transportation helps participants get to classes and 
support groups.
      Nutrition programs provide meals that support health and 
energy.
      Caregiver support allows family members to continue 
their vital role.
      Title III supportive services give local agencies the 
flexibility to meet community needs.

Without this infrastructure, many older adults wouldn't be able 
to participate in programs that improve their health and well-
being.
    Despite progress, several challenges remain. Many older 
adults are unaware of available services, underscoring the need 
for culturally competent outreach - particularly to low-income, 
rural, and minority communities. Even when programs are 
accessible, transportation barriers often prevent 
participation; funding through the OAA helps address these 
gaps. Additionally, sustaining free or low-cost programs is 
difficult due to limited unrestricted funding. These 
initiatives rely heavily on consistent public investment and 
strong local partnerships to remain viable.
    To ensure that older adults with Parkinson's and other age-
related diseases can thrive, I respectfully recommend that 
Congress:
      1. Reauthorize the Older Americans Act this year and 
maintain or increase funding for:
        Title III nutrition programs
        Title III B supportive services (including 
transportation and in-home supports)Caregiver support programs
      2. Provide dedicated outreach and capacity-building 
funding so local agencies can reach underserved seniors, 
including those in rural and minority communities.
      3. Support flexibility for virtual and hybrid 
programming, such as livestreamed exercise classes, so 
homebound seniors can stay active and connected.
      4. Sustain funding for transportation and meal programs, 
which are foundational to participation in community exercise 
and wellness programs.
    As a patient advocate, I'm encouraged by Congress's 
bipartisan passage of the National Plan to End Parkinson's Act, 
now being implemented by the federal government. This law 
creates the first-ever whole-of-government strategy to prevent, 
diagnose, treat, and ultimately cure Parkinson's disease. It 
also establishes a federal advisory council to coordinate 
research and services across agencies and address the needs of 
caregivers and families.
    From my perspective, this effort complements the Older 
Americans Act. The OAA ensures that people like me can live 
well today, while the National Plan builds the roadmap for 
tomorrow. Together, they represent hope: hope for better 
quality of life now, and hope for a future without Parkinson's 
disease.
    We don't yet have a cure for Parkinson's and we need strong 
federal investment in research to get there. While researchers 
work every day toward that goal, I'm proud to do my part 
through studies like the Parkinson's Progression Markers 
Initiative (PPMI) to help advance our understanding of 
Parkinson's Disease. Programs funded and authorized under the 
Older Americans Act keep people like me moving, connected, and 
cared for. They make the difference between being isolated at 
home and living a full life with community, purpose, and 
dignity.
    Thank you for considering these requests. I welcome follow-
up questions and will gladly help the Committee understand how 
OAA services directly improve outcomes for people living with 
Parkinson's and their caregivers.

                 U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging

         "Renewing Our Commitment: How The Older Americans Act 
          Uplifts Families Living With Aging-Related Diseases"

                            November 5, 2025

                       Prepared Witness Statement

                              Duana Patton

    Chairman Scott, Ranking Member Gillibrand and members of 
the Committee, thank you for the opportunity to speak before 
you today. My name is Duana Patton, and I am honored to serve 
as the Chief Executive Officer of the Ohio District 5 Area 
Agency on Aging, Inc., where I have worked for nearly 31 years. 
Our Agency, located in Ontario, Richland County, Ohio, is one 
of 613 Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) across the nation that 
helps older adults remain independent and supported in their 
communities. I am also the current Board President of USAging, 
the national association of AAAs. On behalf of these agencies-
and the millions of older adults and family caregivers we 
serve-I want to express my gratitude for your continued 
commitment to meeting the needs of individuals, families, and 
caregivers through the Older Americans Act (OAA). As the older 
adult population in the United States continues to rise 
rapidly, AAAs have seen increased demand for OAA programs and 
services across the country. In 2022, older adults numbered 
57.8 million, representing 17.3 percent of the population and 
the number of older adults has increased by 34 percent since 
2012 compared to an increase of two percent in the population 
under age 65. The older adult population is expected to 
continue to grow significantly in the future and is projected 
to reach 88.8 million in 2060.i
    Strengthening the OAA, which is administered by the 
Administration for Community Living (ACL), over the next decade 
will be critical as it is the cornerstone of the nation's non-
Medicaid home and community-based services (HCBS) system 
serving nearly 11 million older Americans per year across the 
country. The Aging Network carries out these services and 
includes State Units on Aging (SUAs), AAAs, Title VI Native 
American Aging Programs (Title VI programs) and tens of 
thousands of local service providers.

Older Americans Act Overview and Background on Area Agencies on 
Aging

    Signed into law in 1965, the OAA has connected older adults 
and their caregivers to services that help older adults age 
with health, dignity and independence in their homes and 
communities-where they want to be. The OAA enables the local 
delivery of home and community-based services, which are almost 
always less expensive than institutional care provided in 
nursing homes or assisted living facilities. The longer older 
adults can successfully age at home, the better it is 
financially for families and the federal government. OAA 
programs and services also support healthy aging and address 
upstream drivers of health.ii
    AAAs were formally established in the 1973 OAA as the "on-
the-ground" organizations charged with helping vulnerable older 
adults live with independence and dignity in their homes and 
communities. For 50 years, AAAs have served as the local 
leaders on aging and the OAA was intentionally designed to give 
AAAs the flexibility to ensure that the local needs and 
preferences of older adults are considered and reflected in the 
design and implementation of local service delivery systems.iii 
Across the country, AAAs play a vital role in supporting both 
individuals living with aging-related diseases and their 
caregivers, thanks to the foundation provided by the OAA. As an 
AAA, our mission is to plan, fund and deliver a broad range of 
programs and services rooted in the demonstrated needs of the 
communities we serve. We are often the "front door" to aging 
services, receiving referrals from individuals, caregivers, 
physicians and community partners-often at a time when a person 
is facing a new or increasing risk related to aging. Once AAAs 
receive input from consumers, service providers and other 
stakeholders, we develop Area Plans, which outline local needs 
and propose recommendations for programs and services for older 
adults and caregivers. Through comprehensive assessments, we 
determine what supports and interventions will best promote 
their health, safety and independence. When an individual comes 
to the AAA, they are not coming for health care, they are 
coming to seek support in navigating challenges and risks 
associated with their health condition.
    AAAs are social care experts and we know that social needs 
often drive health outcomes. The core services we provide 
include nutrition, supportive services, caregiver support, 
health and wellness and elder rights. Our person-centered 
approach and assessment expertise recognizes the health of the 
person and focuses on interventions that will foster better 
outcomes. A good example is that of Ms. Gray. Ms. Gray was 
referred to our AAA following a hospital stay for a chronic 
health condition. She was not complying with her medication 
regimen and had poor eating habits. By providing two hours a 
week of personal care in her home as well as home-delivered 
meals, Ms. Gray has improved health, both physically and 
mentally, and has not been admitted to the hospital since 
receiving these services. This is the powerful impact of the 
OAA.

Key OAA Programs Supporting Older Adults with Aging-Related 
Diseases

OAA Title III B Supportive Services

    OAA Title III B Supportive Services is the bedrock of the 
Act and provides states and local agencies with flexible 
funding to provide a wide range of supportive services to older 
Americans like Ms. Mary. These services include in-home 
services for frail older adults, senior transportation 
programs, Information and Referral/Assistance Services (e.g., 
hotlines to help people find local services, resources), case 
management, home modification and repair, chore services, legal 
services, social engagement activities, emergency/disaster 
response efforts and other person-centered approaches to 
helping older adults age well at home. Services provided 
through Title III B are a lifeline for older adults and are 
heavily based on assessed local needs and the desires of older 
adults in that community.iv These services are especially 
critical for older adults with aging-related diseases such as 
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. As their diseases progress 
and their needs change, the AAA can adjust the type or 
intensity of services provided to meet the client where they 
are.

OAA Title III C Nutrition Services Program

    To meet the nutrition needs of older adults, all AAAs 
provide nutrition services through the OAA Title III C 
Nutrition Services Program. OAA Title III C is the largest 
program in the United States that provides nutrition services 
to older adults in need and provides older adults with 
opportunities for optimal health and well-being, reduced food 
insecurity and chances for social interaction with peers. AAAs, 
working with contracted community-based partners, provide both 
congregate and home-delivered meals to older adults in their 
service areas. Congregate meals sites can include senior/
community centers, senior cafes, schools, churches, farmers 
markets and other places where older adults gather. Home-
delivered meals are available to older adults who are homebound 
or otherwise have difficulty getting to congregate sites. The 
OAA also allows AAAs to provide nutrition education, risk 
screening and counseling to older adults. Like under Title III 
B, AAAs have some flexibility under Title III C and can adjust 
services as a client's needs change. For example, an older 
adult newly living with Parkinson's or dementia may at first 
benefit from attending a congregate meal program in their 
community. However, should their disease progress, and they 
experience increased difficulty leaving their home, the AAA may 
offer transportation to the congregate site or, if needed, 
switch to providing home-delivered meals.

OAA Title III D Evidence-Based Health Promotion and Disease 
Prevention Programs

    In addition to nutritional needs, the OAA also supports 
healthy aging for older adults through Title III D Evidence-
Based Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. OAA Title III D 
was established in 1987 to provide formula grants to State 
Units on Aging to support healthy lifestyles and behaviors 
among adults age 60 and older with priority given to those in 
greatest economic need and living in medically underserved 
areas of the state.v Decades later, Congress required the 
programs to be evidence-based. Of the formally recognized by 
ACL evidence-based programs, AAAs are most likely to deliver 
the following: A Matter of Balance, Chronic Disease Self-
Management Program, Diabetes Self-Management Program, Tai Chi 
for Arthritis and Powerful Tools for Caregivers. The impact of 
the OAA-and the Aging Network that brings it to life-is deeply 
personal and person-centered. For example, one older gentleman 
in our region who was living with Parkinson's disease enrolled 
in a Title III D falls prevention class at the recommendation 
of his physician after experiencing a fall. The program 
provided him with exercises and education to reduce his fall 
risk, improving both his confidence and his quality of life.

OAA Title III E National Family Caregiver Support Program

    Lastly, the OAA provides critical support to the family 
caregivers of older adults living with aging-related diseases 
through the Title III E National Family Caregiver Support 
Program (NFCSP). The NFCSP funds local AAAs to assist older 
caregivers and family members caring for older loved ones by 
offering a range of in-demand supports to family caregivers in 
every community. An estimated 63 million Americans provide care 
for an older adult, or someone living with illness or 
disability, nearly a 50 percent increase since 2015. Nearly 
half of care recipients are age 75 or older and face multiple 
chronic health conditions with the most common primary 
conditions including age-related decline, Alzheimer's or other 
dementias, mobility limitations, cancer and postsurgical 
recovery.vi Family caregivers provide a wide range of services, 
such as transportation, food preparation, housekeeping and 
personal care, enabling care recipients to live at home or in 
the setting of their choice with dignity and independence. OAA 
Title III E services include respite care; individual 
counseling and support groups; caregiver education classes/
training; and emergency assistance. AAAs also play a crucial 
role in information and referral and caregiver navigation, 
ensuring families are connected with local providers who can 
help them create a caregiving plan, address specific challenges 
and ensure they receive the right services at the right time.
    Caregivers supporting older adults are not only family 
members but can also be paid professional caregivers. However, 
the nation is experiencing grave direct care workforce 
shortages which have contributed to greater strain on already 
stressed family caregivers and puts the health and safety of 
millions of older adults without other caregivers at risk. The 
direct care workforce includes professionals such as personal 
care attendants, home health aides, residential workers and 
more. The United States does not currently have the caregiving 
workforce it needs to support the rising number of older adults 
who need personal, in-home care or institutional support. The 
pay is low (median earnings of $23,688 annually) and the work 
is physically and mentally demanding with very limited 
opportunities for career advancement.vi While not directly 
supported by OAA Title III E, the direct care workforce 
provides critical support to family caregivers and should not 
be ignored. Without professional caregivers, older adults have 
an increased chance of receiving low quality care, which 
threatens their lives and health.

OAA Reauthorization

    Authorization of the OAA expired last year and since the 
last reauthorization of the OAA in 2020, AAAs have identified 
new opportunities to be even more responsive to the evolving 
needs of older adults. During the pandemic, we were challenged 
to adapt-and that adaptation sparked innovation. When 
congregate meal sites had to close, AAAs were permitted to 
provide "grab-and-go" meals, allowing older adults to maintain 
access to nutritious food and social connection in a safe way. 
One participant, a man with diabetes, began using the program 
because he wanted to avoid grocery stores during the pandemic. 
He later shared that the meals helped him lose weight and 
reduce his medications. Today, he continues to attend 
congregate meal sites and actively manages his condition. To 
reflect the needs of today's older adults and preserve OAA's 
inherent flexibility and locally driven structure, it is 
critical for the OAA to be reauthorized, and I urge Congress to 
swiftly pass the bipartisan, bicameral reauthorization bill 
that fell out of last December's final spending package.

Conclusion

    The lessons we learned during the pandemic underscore the 
importance of allowing AAAs to continue using innovative 
practices that have proven effective. The timing of this 
reauthorization is ideal-it gives us the opportunity to 
strengthen what works, modernize where needed and ensure the 
Act continues to meet the needs of older adults, caregivers and 
communities across the nation. Chairman Scott, Ranking Member 
Gillibrand and members of the Committee, thank you for the 
privilege to share my passion and stories from the field. This 
day is particularly meaningful; not only because it marks my 
Mother's 82nd birthday, but also because this opportunity 
stands as a cornerstone moment in my career dedicated to 
serving older adults like my Mom.
------------------------------------
(i) Administration for Community Living, 2023 Profile of Older 
Americans (2024)
(ii) USAging, Older Americans Act: Get the Facts (2025)
(iii) USAging, Area Agencies on Aging: Local Leaders in Aging 
Well at Home (2023)
(iv) USAging, Policy Priorities 2025: Promote the Health, 
Security and Well-Being of Older Adults (2025)
(v) Administration for Community Living, Health Promotion 
(2025)
(vi) AARP and the National Alliance for Caregiving, Caregiving 
in the US Research Report (2025)

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                        Questions for the Record

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                 U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging

         "Renewing Our Commitment: How The Older Americans Act 
          Uplifts Families Living With Aging-Related Diseases"

                            November 5, 2025

                        Questions for the Record

                           Erick Montealegre

                        Senator Raphael Warnock

    Question:

    There are nearly 188,300 individuals in Georgia living with 
Alzheimer's disease and over 384,000 caregivers.
    What advice would you give families who are just starting 
this journey after a dementia or mild cognitive impairment 
diagnosis on how to advocate for needed services and how to 
engage community resources to supplement formal programs?

    Response:

    The first thing I would want families to know is that they 
are not alone. A new diagnosis of dementia can feel 
overwhelming, but there are clear steps they can take to 
advocate for their loved ones and start building a strong 
support network.
    I would tell them to start with educating themselves by 
taking advantage of the educational programs provided through 
the Older American's Act and the Area Agencies on Aging. 
Understanding the diagnosis empowers families to make informed 
decisions. They should ask specific questions such as:

    What changes should we expect?
    What services should we put in place early?
    When should we request a referral to a neurologist, 
geriatrician, or memory-care specialist?

    Then, document everything. Keep a binder or digital folder 
with medical notes, test results, medication lists, and any 
observed changes in memory or behavior. Having clear 
documentation also helps families advocate for the level of 
care their loved ones truly need.

    Third, they should build their teams earlier than they 
think they will `need' them. Dementia care is strongest when it 
combines formal services with community support. Families 
should explore:

    Local Aging & Disability Resource Centers (ADRCs) for 
benefits screening and case management
    Area Agency on Aging for low-cost or free programs
    Senior centers and adult day programs to reduce isolation
    Faith-based and community organizations for social 
engagement and respite
    In-home care providers who offer companionship, personal 
care, and safety oversight
    Support groups for both caregivers and those living with 
early-stage dementia

    The biggest advice I can give is to start early, any delays 
in receiving treatment or therapy can be devastating. Unlike 
many diseases which can be recovered from, once function is 
lost to dementia it's gone for good. There simply is no time to 
delay treatments and therapies.

                 U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging

         "Renewing Our Commitment: How The Older Americans Act 
          Uplifts Families Living With Aging-Related Diseases"

                            November 5, 2025

                        Questions for the Record

                              Duana Patton

                        Senator Raphael Warnock

    Question:

    Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) offer critical services for 
seniors across the country. Georgia's 12 AAAs do exceptional 
work providing resources and care to older Georgians. However, 
the aging population is growing rapidly, and AAAs across the 
country need increased funding to meet the real and urgent 
needs of their community.
    How would the reauthorization of the Older Americans Act 
(OAA) help AAAs connect older adults with aging-related 
diseases to the services they need?

    Response:

    The number of older adults living with one or more chronic 
conditions is rapidly increasing and many require long-term 
supports that go far beyond traditional medical care. Without 
adequate community services, caregiver resources, and 
coordinated care, older adults face greater risk of 
malnutrition, falls, hospital readmissions, caregiver burnout, 
and premature institutionalization.
    Reauthorizing the Older Americans Act (OAA) will modernize 
and strengthen funding for community-based services that 
support chronic disease prevention and self-management, care 
coordination, in-home services, and caregiver assistance. It 
provides Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) with greater flexibility 
to continue their pandemic-era nutrition services innovations 
and to build stronger partnerships with health care systems in 
order to reach more adults with these life-changing 
interventions. Importantly, OAA reauthorization increases the 
ability of AAAs to reach older adults at the right time, in the 
right place-often before a crisis occurs.

    Question:

    According to the American Association of Retired Persons 
(AARP), nearly one in three adults in Georgia is an unpaid 
caregiver for family members or friends with health conditions 
or disabilities. The number of caregivers is expected to 
increase over the next few years, as Georgia's older adult 
population grows.
    How do services authorized by the Older Americans Act (OAA) 
support unpaid caregivers, and what steps can Congress take to 
further alleviate the financial and social burden of caregivers 
in states like Georgia?

    Response:

    The Older Americans Act (OAA) plays a vital role in 
supporting the millions of unpaid family caregivers who form 
the backbone of our long-term care system. Through services 
such as respite care, caregiver training, counseling, and care 
coordination, OAA-funded programs help caregivers manage the 
physical, emotional, and financial strain that comes with 
caring for an older adult with complex health needs. These 
supports allow caregivers to remain in the workforce, protect 
their own health, and continue providing care safely at home-
delaying costly hospitalizations and institutional placements.
    Yet, the demand for caregiver support far exceeds current 
capacity. Reauthorizing the OAA presents a critical opportunity 
for Congress to support funding for the OAA Title III E 
National Family Caregiver Support Program, increase access to 
respite services, and provide Area Agencies on Aging with 
greater flexibility to use funds for evidence-based programs, 
supportive services, and partnerships with health care systems. 
These steps would allow AAAs to reach caregivers earlier-often 
before they are in crisis-and deliver the assistance they need 
to sustain care over time.
=======================================================================


                       Statements for the Record

=======================================================================

                 U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging

         "Renewing Our Commitment: How The Older Americans Act 
          Uplifts Families Living With Aging-Related Diseases"

                            November 5, 2025

                       Statements for the Record

                             AARP Statement

    AARP, which advocates for the more than 100 million 
Americans age 50 and older, thanks the Committee for holding 
this hearing, "Renewing Our Commitment: How the Older Americans 
Act Uplifts Families Living with Aging-Related Diseases." We 
appreciate the opportunity to offer our support for older 
adults and their family caregivers through the Older Americans 
Act (OAA) Reauthorization Act of 2025 (S. 2120). AARP commends 
you for your bipartisan work on this legislation and joins you 
in calling for its prompt passage.
    For 60 years, the OAA has helped older Americans live at 
home with independence and dignity, deferring or eliminating 
more costly institutional services and hospitalizations. It 
delivers essential services to approximately 11 million older 
adults in a typical year, including home care, job training and 
employment opportunities, family caregiver support, congregate 
and home-delivered meals, case management, transportation, 
adult day care, legal services, elder abuse prevention, and 
long-term care ombudsman programs to help keep people safe. OAA 
programs are cost-effective investments that serve the needs of 
older Americans while helping them to remain in their homes and 
communities as they age, where the vast majority prefer to be.
    America's older population is growing and so too must the 
resources to help them remain independent and live at home. 
Family caregivers are filling in the gaps, providing care to 
their loved ones at significant expense to themselves in terms 
of both time and money, but the number of family caregivers is 
not likely to keep up with the demand. Now more than ever, OAA 
programs are essential for America's older adults and their 
families.
    Within the OAA Reauthorization Act of 2025, we appreciate 
and support the effort to strengthen OAA's many successful 
programs, including the National Family Caregiver Support 
Program (NFCSP) and Title VI Native American Caregiver Support 
Services, the Senior Community Service Employment Program 
(SCSEP), nutrition services, the Long-term Care Ombudsman 
Program (LTCOP), the direct care workforce national resource 
center, and housing services, all of which are outlined below.

National Family Caregiver Support Program (NFCSP) and Title VI 
Native American Caregiver Support Services

    As we mark National Family Caregivers Month, we recognize 
the 63 million family caregivers who are the backbone of the US 
long-term care system. Family caregivers provide about $600 
billion annually in unpaid labor to their adult loved ones. The 
care they provide ranges from bathing and dressing to paying 
bills and transportation, and their assistance helps save 
taxpayers billions of dollars by helping to delay or prevent 
more expensive care. However, despite the many benefits family 
caregivers contribute to the economy and the important role 
they play in preserving the health and well-being of their 
loved ones, family caregivers often face significant financial, 
physical, and emotional challenges. According to Caregiving in 
the US 2025, 55 percent of family caregivers perform medical 
and nursing tasks for their loved ones; too often, they have 
little preparation or training.
    NFCSP was created in 2000 to support a range of services 
that assist family and other unpaid caregivers. Similarly, 
OAA's Title VI Native American Caregiver Support Services 
provide support for American Indian, Alaskan Native, and Native 
Hawaiian families, including through information and outreach, 
access assistance, individual counseling, support groups and 
training, respite care, and other supplemental services. As our 
nation ages, this support is needed more than ever. 
Importantly, the OAA Reauthorization Act of 2025 builds on 
progress to support family caregivers that began in the 2020 
OAA reauthorization through improvements to caregiver needs 
assessments and support services provided to caregivers, the 
accessibility of information about available supports for 
caregivers, and more. We also support the extension of the 
RAISE Family Caregivers Act and Supporting Grandparents Raising 
Grandchildren Act.

Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP)

    SCSEP provides part-time community service assignments for 
low-income adults age 55 or older who face limited employment 
opportunities, often due to persistent barriers such as age 
discrimination. SCSEP-funded services are available in nearly 
all 3,000 U.S. counties and territories and have helped 
thousands of older jobseekers into jobs providing them work-
based training and the opportunity to use their skills. 
According to the most recent Department of Labor Workforce GPS 
survey, participants strongly believe that the program helped 
prepare them for success in the workforce (8.4 on a 10-point 
scale). Through the program, many older Americans are able to 
contribute positively to their communities while seeking new 
employment opportunities, making this a true win-win program.
We appreciate the continued support for SCSEP, the only federal 
program specifically created to assist workers 55 and older to 
gain the skills and experience necessary to be productive 
members of the workforce.

Nutrition Services

    In 2023, nearly 12.6 million (more than one in ten) 
Americans age 50 and older faced food insecurity and the threat 
of hunger, the highest share in nearly a decade. While only 
part of the solution, OAA nutrition programs are a critical 
component of addressing senior hunger. OAA-funded senior 
nutrition programs also provide more than a meal; they provide 
opportunities for social engagement, offer nutrition screening 
and counseling, and link participants to other home and 
community-based supports. Congregate and home-delivered 
nutrition services provided by OAA reduce hunger, improve 
health, and combat social isolation, which costs Medicare an 
estimated $6.7 billion annually. Research shows that without 
these programs, many older adults would skip meals or eat less.
We appreciate the efforts to innovate nutrition services within 
OAA, specifically, the codification of added flexibility around 
grab-and-go service delivery methods. This provision will allow 
service providers to better meet the needs of their 
communities. Access to these services is more critical than 
ever, as food insecurity among older adults continues to rise 
and demand for nutrition programs intensifies. With 
fluctuations in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program 
(SNAP) benefits and rising food costs, OAA-funded nutrition 
programs are increasingly relied upon to fill the gap, making 
sustained investment essential.

Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program (LTCOP)

    The LTCOP is the most effective program to advocate and act 
as a resource for the older adults who live in nursing homes, 
assisted living, and other licensed adult care homes. Every 
state - along with Puerto Rico, Guam, and the District of 
Columbia - has a long-term care ombudsman office. These offices 
work to resolve issues related to residents' health, safety, 
welfare, and rights, while helping individuals and their 
families understand and exercise those rights. In 2024, the 
LTCOP processed over 200,000 complaints. By promoting dignity 
and quality of life, the LTCOP plays a critical role in 
ensuring that long-term care environments are safe, respectful, 
and responsive to the needs of those they serve.
    We support the provisions within S. 2120 to strengthen the 
LTCOP, which effectively advocates and acts as a critical 
resource for the older adults who live in nursing homes, 
assisted living, and other licensed adult care homes.

Direct Care Workforce National Resource Center

    The direct care workforce is an integral part of the 
nation's healthcare system. Around 12.6 million adults in the 
US need long-term services and supports (LTSS). Despite the 
increased demand for direct care workers, job quality for all 
members of the direct care workforce remains low, contributing 
to high turnover and workforce shortages. The shortage of well-
trained direct care workers, combined with an expected doubling 
of the older adult population between 2023 and 2040, points to 
an emerging crisis that requires immediate attention.
    AARP strongly supports efforts to bolster the direct care 
workforce through additional support and investments in the OAA 
and appreciates the inclusion of the national resource center 
on direct care workforce.

Housing Services and Supports

    OAA provides vital resources for millions of older adults 
who want to age in their homes through assistance for home 
repairs and modifications to ensure the home is safe and 
updated with accessibility features. We support the provision 
within the OAA Reauthorization Act that extends the eligible 
housing services to include weatherization.

Conclusion

    OAA programs are cost-effective investments that serve the 
needs of older Americans while reducing the need for costly 
institutionalization. As America's older population grows, so 
too must the resources to help them remain independent and live 
at home. Older Americans have earned the right to age with 
dignity, and the OAA helps make that possible - now is the time 
to renew our national commitment. We urge prompt OAA 
reauthorization so that our loved ones can continue to turn to 
these services for their health and economic security as they 
age.
    Again, thank you for your bipartisan leadership on this 
important legislation, and we look forward to continuing to 
work with the Committee on a bipartisan basis.

                 U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging

         "Renewing Our Commitment: How The Older Americans Act 
          Uplifts Families Living With Aging-Related Diseases"

                            November 5, 2025

                       Statements for the Record

           American Foundation for the Blind (AFB) Statement

    The American Foundation for the Blind (AFB) is a national 
nonprofit that creates equal opportunities and expands 
possibilities for people who are blind, have low vision, and 
are deafblind through advocacy, thought leadership, and 
strategic partnerships. We appreciate this opportunity to 
submit a statement about how the Older Americans Act (OAA) can 
maximize opportunities for older Americans who are blind 
through improved coordination between the aging network and 
blindness service providers.

Many Older Adults Experience Blindness or Low Vision

    Blindness and vision loss is often an age related 
disability. Certain causes of blindness that tend to be age-
related include Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Cataracts, 
Diabetic Retinopathy, and Glaucoma. According to the 2023 
National Health Interview Survey, about 23% of people 65 and 
older are blind or have trouble seeing, even when wearing 
glasses. In addition, there are significant comorbidities 
between blindness and other age-related conditions, including 
hearing loss, mobility disabilities, Alzheimer s and dementia, 
and Parkinsons disease. In fact, research shows a relationship 
between dementia and vision loss.

Agencies that serve people who are blind

    People who are blind or have low vision benefit 
significantly from access to peer support groups and blindness 
skills training services that empower them to live 
independently and in a way they choose. However, many people 
who experience age-related vision loss continue to go without 
any services, due to a lack of awareness or funding, and they 
frequently end up relying on family members or having to move 
into nursing homes.
    Private and public agencies across the country serve people 
who are blind or have low vision to equip them with skills and 
mentorship to adjust to living with blindness. Some of these 
blindness skills may include cooking, using assistive 
technology, and Orientation and Mobility skills that help 
people move confidently through their environment with the use 
of a white cane or guide dog. Talking with peers who are blind 
can help with confidence living at home and provide resources 
such as how to use audio description to watch television and 
access the National Library Service to borrow audiobooks or 
braille books.

Coordination is an important opportunity in the OAA

    Likewise, the aging network helps people to continue living 
in their homes. Area agencies on aging carry out programs and 
services for people who need transportation, who experience 
isolation, and need meal services. In fact, AAAs and meal 
delivery programs may be the only point of regular contact for 
isolated adults.
    We appreciate that the current versions of the OAA 
reauthorization bill include provisions for supporting older 
individuals with disabilities through improved coordination. 
There is ample opportunity for conscientiously increasing 
coordination between the aging network and blindness services.
    Through improved coordination, we could shorten the time 
that people experiencing vision loss take to learn about and 
receive vision related services and ensure they receive other 
services they may need that are provided through the aging 
services network. Coordination would also expand awareness for 
caregivers about how their family member can continue to live 
independently as a blind or low vision person. Aging service 
providers could request consultation to ensure their programs 
are fully accessible (e.g. by providing information in 
alternative formats and ensuring blind participants have 
transportation access). Many AAAs hold falls prevention 
training, but even though vision loss is a risk factor for 
falling, many falls prevention trainings are either not 
accessible to a blind person, or they do not provide blindness 
specific resources.
    Blindness service providers can offer resources about their 
programs to AAAs and to the people they serve to increase the 
rate of referrals. Increasing awareness and referrals would 
ensure that all older adults with vision loss have access to 
peer support and blindness skills training that they need to 
retain their quality of life. Improved coordination is 
necessarily bidirectional as vision service providers need to 
be familiar with the AAA system while blind older adults would 
benefit from receiving more information about blindness 
services and more accessible programming within the aging 
network. Currently this coordination does not exist.
    The OAA is vitally important for Older Americans, including 
the many who are blind or have low vision. Yet, there are 
opportunities to improve coordination, so that older adults who 
are blind can benefit even more from OAA programs. We hope the 
Committee will prioritize passing legislation that truly 
improves coordination between organizations that specifically 
serve blind adults and those that serve older adults.
    Thank you for the opportunity to submit this statement for 
the record. Should you have any questions about the information 
raised in this statement, please reach out to Sarah Malaier.

    Sincerely,

    Stephanie Enyart
    Chief Public Policy and Research Officer

                 U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging

         "Renewing Our Commitment: How The Older Americans Act 
          Uplifts Families Living With Aging-Related Diseases"

                            November 5, 2025

                       Statements for the Record

   Alzheimer's Association and Alzheimer's Impact Movement Statement

    The Alzheimer's Association and Alzheimer's Impact Movement 
(AIM) appreciate the opportunity to submit this statement for 
the record to the Senate Special Committee on Aging hearing 
entitled "Renewing Our Commitment: How the Older Americans Act 
Uplifts Families Living with Aging-Related Diseases". The 
Association and AIM thank the Committee for its continued 
leadership on issues important to the millions of individuals 
living with Alzheimer's and other dementias and their 
caregivers. This statement highlights the importance of 
policies and programs within the Older Americans Act (OAA) that 
can help meet the unique needs of our nation's growing number 
of Americans living with Alzheimer's and other dementias.
    Founded in 1980, the Alzheimer's Association is the world's 
leading voluntary health organization in Alzheimer's care, 
support, and research. Our mission is to eliminate Alzheimer's 
and other dementias through the advancement of research, to 
provide and enhance care and support for all affected, and to 
reduce the risk of dementia through the promotion of brain 
health. AIM is the Association's advocacy affiliate, working in 
a strategic partnership to make Alzheimer's a national 
priority. Together, the Alzheimer's Association and AIM 
advocate for policies to fight Alzheimer's disease, including 
increased investment in research, improved care and support, 
and the development of approaches to reduce the risk of 
developing dementia.
    Over seven million Americans are living with Alzheimer's, 
and by 2050, this number is expected to rise to nearly 13 
million. Alzheimer's is one of the costliest conditions in the 
United States. In 2024, total payments for all individuals with 
Alzheimer's or other dementia are estimated at $360 billion 
(not including unpaid caregiving). By 2050, these costs are 
projected to rise to nearly $1 trillion. These mounting costs 
threaten to bankrupt families, businesses, and our health care 
system. Unfortunately, our work is only growing more urgent.
    As the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other 
dementias increases, so does the need for care and support 
services for those living with these diseases. The OAA provides 
federal funding and the necessary infrastructure to deliver 
vital support programs and social services to our nation's 
seniors, including those with Alzheimer's disease. These 
critical programs are utilized by millions of low-income 
Americans and provide for such services as home-delivered and 
congregate nutrition services; in-home supportive services; 
transportation; caregiver support; community service 
employment; health and wellness programs; the long-term care 
ombudsman program; services to prevent the abuse, neglect, and 
exploitation of older adults; and other supportive services. 
Twenty-four percent of older individuals with Alzheimer's 
disease and other dementias who have Medicare are also eligible 
for Medicaid, punctuating the need within the Alzheimer's 
community for such programs as the Senior Nutrition Program and 
the National Family Caregiver Support Program.
    We strongly support the bipartisan Older Americans Act 
(OAA) Reauthorization Act of 2025 (S. 2120), led by Chairmen 
Cassidy (R-LA) and Scott (R-FL) and Ranking Members Sanders (I-
VT) and Gillibrand (D-NY), which includes expanded efforts to 
address social isolation, a pressing issue for the aging 
population and especially for individuals with dementia. Social 
isolation exacerbates cognitive decline, mental health issues, 
and physical health risks. The Alzheimer's Association's 
Dementia Care Practice Recommendations emphasize the benefits 
of support groups in reducing isolation and improving outcomes, 
including quality of life and communication with family 
members. The establishment of an Advisory Council on Social 
Isolation and Loneliness is an important step toward better 
understanding and responding to this growing public health 
issue.
    We are grateful that the Supporting Older Americans Act of 
2020 (P.L. 116-131) included the bipartisan Younger Onset 
Alzheimer's Disease Act, championed by Senators Susan Collins 
(R-ME) and Bob Casey (D-PA), to codify existing authority to 
provide services to individuals living with younger-onset 
Alzheimer's disease under the National Family Caregiver Support 
Program and the Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program. We appreciate 
that this legislation continues to include this important 
language, ensuring that individuals with younger-onset 
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias can access the 
supports they need. These services are particularly helpful for 
those who may still be raising young children, in the 
workforce, or struggling to secure an accurate diagnosis-facing 
stigma and delays that compound the disease's toll.

Supporting Dementia Caregivers

    Eighty-three percent of the help provided to older adults 
in the United States comes from family members, friends, or 
other unpaid caregivers, and the emotional, physical, and 
financial costs can be overwhelming. Nearly half of all 
caregivers who provide help to older adults do so for someone 
living with Alzheimer's or another dementia. In 2024 alone, 
more than 12 million Americans provided unpaid care for people 
with Alzheimer's and other dementias, contributing an estimated 
19 billion hours of care valued at $413 billion. Of the total 
lifetime cost of caring for someone with dementia, 70 percent 
is borne by families - either through out-of-pocket health and 
long-term care expenses or from the value of unpaid care.
    Community services provided under the OAA offer invaluable 
support for individuals living with dementia, and, due to the 
unique challenges they face, it is paramount to continue 
prioritizing care coordination efforts within communities 
during the reauthorization process. Dementia often requires a 
multi-disciplinary approach involving medical professionals, 
caregivers, social workers, and community support services. 
Effective coordination helps caregivers navigate the complex 
healthcare and social service systems and ensures that 
caregivers and health care professionals collaborate 
seamlessly, providing comprehensive care tailored to their 
individual needs. Challenges such as cognitive decline, 
communication difficulties, and fluctuating symptoms 
necessitate specialized strategies for coordination. 
Initiatives promoting dementia-friendly communities and 
caregiver education programs play crucial roles in enhancing 
coordination and support networks. By prioritizing and refining 
care coordination, communities can offer a better quality of 
life and support for individuals living with dementia and their 
caregivers.
    We are also deeply grateful for the reauthorization and 
extension of the RAISE Family Caregivers Act. The Alzheimer's 
Association and AIM have been strong advocates for the RAISE 
Family Caregivers Act since it was introduced in Congress. As 
the caregiving crisis intensifies, especially in the 
Alzheimer's community, this extension will ensure the 
Department of Health and Human Services can fully implement a 
national strategy to better support unpaid caregivers. These 
dedicated caregivers greatly benefit from increased resources, 
training, and support to help them navigate the strain of 
caregiving and improve their health and quality of life.

Strengthening the Dementia Care Workforce

    We ask that the Committee prioritize policies to reduce 
barriers and ensure individuals living with dementia have 
adequate access to long-term care and home- and community-based 
services. People living with Alzheimer's and other dementias 
make up a significant portion of all long-term care residents, 
comprising 49 percent of all residents in nursing homes and 34 
percent of all residents in assisted living communities and 
other residential care facilities. Given our constituents' 
intensive use of these services, the quality of this care is of 
the utmost importance. As a result, we encourage the Committee 
to consider policies to enhance long-term care and support 
services for the growing number of Americans with Alzheimer's 
and other dementias who are eligible to receive OAA services.
    A strong dementia care workforce is needed to ensure 
quality care for aging populations. For example, the fourth 
most common chronic condition in participants using adult day 
services is Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, and 25 
percent of individuals using adult day services have 
Alzheimer's or other dementias. Access to these services can 
help people with dementia live in their homes longer and 
improve the quality of life for both themselves and their 
caregivers. In-home care services, such as personal care 
services, companion services, or skilled care, can allow 
individuals living with dementia to stay in familiar 
environments and be of considerable assistance to caregivers. 
Adult day services can provide social engagement and assistance 
with daily activities.
    To ensure that care providers are equipped to meet the 
specific needs of individuals with dementia, we strongly 
support the bipartisan Accelerating Access to Dementia & 
Alzheimer's Provider Training (AADAPT) Act (H.R. 3747), 
introduced by Representatives Troy Balderson (R-OH-20) and 
Nanette Barrag n (D-CA-44), which would provide grants to 
expand virtual education and training on Alzheimer's and 
dementia so that more primary care providers better understand 
detection, diagnosis, care, and treatment - and so that more 
providers in rural and underserved communities can receive 
dementia training.
    By prioritizing a well-trained dementia care workforce, 
Congress can ensure that individuals living with Alzheimer's 
and other dementias receive timely, accurate diagnoses and 
high-quality, coordinated care, no matter where they live. This 
investment will not only improve outcomes for patients and ease 
burdens on family caregivers but also reduce overall health 
care costs by minimizing unnecessary hospitalizations and 
specialist referrals. The AADAPT Act is a critical step toward 
building a more equitable and effective dementia care system 
nationwide.

Advancing Brain Health Through Evidence-Based Interventions

    The Alzheimer's Association and AIM encourage the Committee 
to recognize the opportunity to promote brain health and risk 
reduction through evidence-based lifestyle interventions. The 
Alzheimer's Association U.S. Study to Protect Brain Health 
Through Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Risk, known as U.S. 
POINTER, found that a structured lifestyle program - focusing 
on things like improved nutrition, physical exercise, cognitive 
engagement, and health monitoring - improved thinking and 
memory over two years, keeping brain function from declining as 
it normally would with aging. Participants in the structured 
program performed like people who were one to almost two years 
younger, suggesting that these habits can help the brain stay 
resilient against age-related changes. U.S. POINTER is the 
first large-scale, randomized controlled clinical trial to 
demonstrate that an accessible and sustainable healthy 
lifestyle intervention can protect cognitive function in 
diverse populations in communities across the United States. 
The results present a compelling case for investments in 
preventive brain health programs targeting nutrition, physical 
exercise, cognitive stimulation and cardiovascular wellness.
    OAA-funded programs, especially those authorized under 
Title III-B (Supportive Services), Title III-C (Nutrition 
Services), and Title III-D (Health Promotion), offer the 
infrastructure to deliver these interventions where older 
adults already access services. Implementing POINTER-style 
models into community-based programs would empower older 
Americans to engage in brain-healthy behaviors in familiar and 
trusted settings.
    This is not only a brain health issue - it is an economic 
imperative. Reducing cognitive decline could help reduce future 
care costs and support healthy, productive aging. As you move 
forward in the OAA reauthorization process, we urge the 
Committee to support funding, legislation, and public health 
initiatives that bring these proven brain health interventions 
into more communities.

Conclusion

    The Alzheimer's Association and AIM appreciate the 
Committee's steadfast support and commitment to advancing 
issues important to the millions of individuals living with 
Alzheimer's and other dementias, as well as their caregivers. 
We look forward to working with you and again ask that you keep 
individuals living with dementia in mind as the Older Americans 
Act reauthorization effort moves through the legislative 
process.

                 U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging

         "Renewing Our Commitment: How The Older Americans Act 
          Uplifts Families Living With Aging-Related Diseases"

                            November 5, 2025

                       Statements for the Record

                  Defeat Malnutrition Today Statement

    Defeat Malnutrition Today is a coalition of over 120 
members committed to addressing older adult malnutrition across 
the continuum of care. We submit for the record an American 
Society on Aging article written by our national coordinator 
about how Older Americans Act programs can improve the health 
of and reduce malnutrition in older adults.

Leveraging Nutrition to Make Older Americans Healthy Again

September 15, 2025

The Trump Administration's MAHA Strategy provides an 
opportunity to address older adults within each of the MAHA 
pillars.

By Edwin Walker and Bob Blancato

    About one in six Americans is now ages 65 or older, with 
11,000 turning age 65 every day. While we can't turn back the 
clock on age, we can help older Americans continue to make 
vital contributions to the economy and society by helping them 
maintain their strength and independence. Disability and 
chronic disease decrease older adult's health, functionality 
and quality of life, with more than half (63.7%) of the older 
U.S. population living with two or more chronic diseases. Good 
nutrition can make a difference, helping increase not only 
older adult lifespan but healthspan, too.
    Health is built across an entire lifetime, and while 
childhood intervention is important, chronic disease prevention 
and health promotion must continue beyond childhood. If we wait 
until individuals are already frail, we've missed too many 
opportunities to keep people healthy. The Trump 
Administration's plan to Make America Healthy Again (MAHA) 
includes "fresh thinking on nutrition." An emphasis on 
nutrition is also key to Make Older Americans Healthy Again 
(MOAHA)-and here's what needs to be done.
    Action starts by recognizing that malnutrition is a common 
problem for older adults today. Estimates are that up to one in 
two older adults are at risk for malnutrition, particularly a 
lack of adequate protein, calories and other nutrients, which 
contributes to poor health outcomes, frailty and disability, 
and increased healthcare costs. Congress recognized the 
importance of this issue when it added reducing malnutrition to 
the purpose of the Older Americans Act (OAA) during the 2020 
OAA reauthorization. The OAA's disease prevention and health 
promotion services were also updated to include screening for 
malnutrition. Every September, we celebrate Malnutrition 
Awareness Week.
    OAA programs are administered locally by more than 600 Area 
Agencies on Aging, more than 270 Title VI Native American Aging 
Programs, and more than 20,000 community service providers 
supported by 70,000 volunteers-all trusted by the 11 million 
older adults they serve.
    These programs leverage federal funds with state, local, 
and participant funding. With its nationwide coverage, well-
established community ties, and mix of public and private 
support, the OAA network provides an ideal infrastructure for 
MOAHA.
    With the release of the Trump Administration's MAHA 
Strategy, we see an opportunity to address older adults within 
each of the MAHA pillars.

Realigning Incentives and Systems to Drive Health Outcomes

    OAA programs provide aging services and nutrition-including 
nearly one million healthy meals every day-to older adults 
across our nation, many of whom are at risk for malnutrition. 
OAA interventions are cost effective. It is estimated that just 
one day in the hospital costs about the same as providing an 
older adult with one year of OAA nutrition program meals. 
Furthermore, OAA programs offer a nationwide infrastructure for 
piloting and scaling innovative interventions (e.g., medically 
tailored meals, protein-rich menus, culturally appropriate 
foods).
    Identifying individuals at risk for malnutrition who can 
benefit from nutrition interventions often begins in the 
hospital, where disease-associated malnutrition in older 
Americans costs more than $51.3 billion every year. The 
Malnutrition Care Score, or MCS, is the only nutrition-specific 
hospital quality measure approved by the Centers for Medicare & 
Medicaid Services (CMS) for adults ages 18 and older, yet is 
not a mandatory measure. Malnutrition cannot usually be fully 
resolved in the hospital, thus it is important for acutecare 
nutrition plans to link to community nutrition services post 
discharge. Studies document that nutrition-focused quality 
improvement programs in outpatient clinics are feasible and can 
help reduce use of healthcare resources and cut costs.
    Nutrition interventions, such as medical nutrition therapy 
(MNT) provided by a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) can 
lead to more successful disease treatment and health outcomes. 
However, currently MNT coverage is limited, for example 
Medicare only covers MNT for diabetes, kidney disease, or a 
recent kidney transplant. Legislation including the Medical 
Nutrition Therapy Act (MNT Act) and Treat and Reduce Obesity 
Act (TROA) would expand coverage to other nutrition-related 
chronic diseases/conditions where diet and lifestyle changes 
can be effective, including obesity, malnutrition, cancer and 
cardiovascular disease.

Research to Drive Innovation

    Including older adults in MAHA research ensures innovation 
reaches populations at the highest risk of hospitalization. 
Data is imperative to combat public health crises like older 
adult malnutrition. For the first time in 2022, the annual 
National Survey of Older Americans Act Participants (NSOAAP) 
included malnutrition screening questions. Based on this data, 
researchers recently found about a fifth of OAA program 
participants were at malnutrition risk across all OAA programs 
and that there was evidence malnutrition risk may decline with 
continued participation in OAA's home-delivered-meals program. 
Continued collection of and open access to such data helps 
identify and explain the malnutrition problem as well as 
document the impact of successful interventions like OAA 
nutrition programs.
    Nutrition is fundamental for health and well-being, 
particularly for older adults. The Strategic Plan for NIH 
Nutrition Research includes among its priorities the need to 
"Define the role of nutrition across the life span for healthy 
development and aging." Yet funding for nutrition research has 
remained stagnant at about 5% of total NIH obligations and 
therefore needs to increase . otherwise we're just guessing at 
solutions.

Increasing Public Awareness and Knowledge

    Public messaging about "healthy aging" is often absent in 
chronic disease campaigns, even though 93% of older adults have 
at least one chronic disease. Awareness of malnutrition is even 
lower: fewer than 1 in 5 older adults who are malnourished are 
correctly identified in healthcare settings. We should 
recognize malnutrition as a chronic disease and MAHA messaging 
must include older adults if we are serious about reducing the 
nation's chronic disease burden across the lifespan.
    Campaigns should highlight how older adults benefit from 
OAA programs, which follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 
to provide healthy food and support older adult's health, 
independence, and dignity. It's estimated that 2.9 million low-
income, food insecure older adults who could benefit from OAA 
nutrition programs are not receiving meals.

Fostering Private Sector Collaboration

    OAA programs are the gold standard of public-private 
partnerships. The aging network already partners with thousands 
of local providers, health systems, and insurers to deliver 
meals and services, providing a 1:4 return on federal 
investment. Private insurance is increasingly exploring 
coverage for meals after hospital discharge, with OAA programs 
showing how community partnerships can deliver efficiently at 
scale. Excluding older adults from MAHA leaves a major blind 
spot in cross-sector health collaboration-and ignores a 
population driving much of our healthcare spending.
    The next step is fully funding the Older Americans Act in 
Fiscal Year 26.This is crucial to ensure older adults get the 
support and nutrition they need to successfully age in place in 
their local communities. Indeed, the right of every American to 
age with respect and community was recently underscored by 
Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.'s 
comments on the OAA.
    As MAHA initiatives take form, leveraging existing networks 
like the OAA nutrition programs and supporting Make Older 
Americans Healthy Again (MOAHA) is critical. Aging is not a 
niche issue. It's a universal experience that should be at the 
center of public health policy, including MAHA. Older adults 
are the fastest growing segment of the population and the group 
with the greatest incidence of chronic disease. Many chronic 
conditions that manifest in older adulthood can be further 
aggravated by nutritional deficits or poor diet later in life. 
Supporting good nutrition in older adults can benefit their 
health and quality of life as well as leading to their improved 
well-being.
    Edwin Walker is the former deputy assistant secretary for 
Aging in the Administration for Community Living. Bob Blancato 
is the executive director of the National Association of 
Nutrition and Aging Services Programs (NANASP) and the national 
coordinator of Defeat Malnutrition Today.

                 U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging

         "Renewing Our Commitment: How The Older Americans Act 
          Uplifts Families Living With Aging-Related Diseases"

                            November 5, 2025

                       Statements for the Record

           National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys Statement

    On behalf of our more than 4,000 members who are attorneys 
representing older Americans and individuals with disabilities, 
the National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys (NAELA) writes to 
express our strong support for immediate reauthorization of the 
Older Americans Act (OAA). NAELA is the leading professional 
association dedicated to improving the quality of legal 
services for older Americans and individuals with disabilities. 
With 31 active state chapters, NAELA provides elder and special 
needs law attorneys with education, advocacy, community, and 
the resources they need to better serve their clients.
    Signed into law in 1965, the OAA is "one of the most 
quietly impactful laws this country has ever passed," as 
Chairman Scott noted during the hearing. Ranking Member 
Gillibrand called it a "bipartisan workhorse program that flies 
below the radar" and one that "is costefficient." The OAA has 
been reauthorized by multiple Congresses and signed into law by 
Presidents of both parties, most recently by President Trump in 
2020. S. 2120, the bill introduced in 2025 to reauthorize the 
OAA, is co-sponsored by both Chairman Scott and Ranking Member 
Gillibrand, as well as Chairman Cassidy and Ranking Member 
Sanders of the Senate Health, Education, Labor & Pensions 
Committee.
    The OAA's programs - including meal delivery and help with 
household tasks, transportation assistance, and caregiver 
support - are essential services for our clients. These 
programs allow them to remain in their homes and stay active in 
their communities for as long as possible. This benefits their 
physical and mental health, reduces government spending by 
delaying their entry into institutional care or 
hospitalization, and eases the burden on family caregivers.
    Should an individual need to move into a long-term care 
facility, the OAA protects their rights through the Long-Term 
Care Ombudsman programs under Title VII. As elder law 
attorneys, we know that individuals living in residential care 
communities are often worried about bringing their concerns to 
management or may have trouble expressing their needs, 
particularly if they experience aging-related diseases such as 
Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. An ombudsman with whom they have a 
trusted relationship can communicate with them and advocate for 
them, easing their concerns and making sure their needs are 
met. Data from fiscal year 2023 shows that Long-Term Care 
Ombudsman representatives worked to resolve more than 200,000 
complaints from residents, their families, and other 
individuals; resolved or partially resolved 71% of complaints; 
and provided more than 500,000 instances of information and 
assistance to individuals, according to the Administration for 
Community Living (ACL).
    Legal aid programs under Title IIIB are another way the OAA 
helps older adults remain independent and safe. These programs 
allow individuals to access legal counseling for free - which 
they may not have the ability to do otherwise - as they explore 
long-term care options, plan for future financial needs, and 
seek protection from or redress against financial abuse, 
neglect, and exploitation. The process to apply for Medicaid 
long-term services and supports, for example, is complicated; 
individuals who try to do this themselves can easily become 
overwhelmed and make mistakes. Having legal counsel to guide 
them through it can be a lifeline, especially during a time of 
stress. Older adults who are the subject of guardianship or 
conservatorship actions can turn to legal assistance programs 
to help them preserve their independence as long as possible, 
which is particularly important for those individuals with 
aging-related diseases. The ACL states that nearly 1 million 
hours of legal assistance are provided each year by OAA-funded 
legal services providers.
    In short, OAA programs allow millions of older adults each 
year to age with dignity. NAELA members have seen the 
difference the OAA's programs make in our clients' lives and 
how much older adults and their families depend on these 
services every day. With OAA funding and services, such as 
food-delivery programs, already disrupted due to the federal 
government shutdown, it's even more important that we 
reauthorize the OAA now to ensure the program's critical, 
needs-based services continue to serve older adults throughout 
our country.
    We hope that all Senators, particularly those on the 
Special Committee on Aging, will cosponsorS. 2120 as soon as 
possible. We appreciate the Committee's continued interest in 
this vital program, and we look forward to working with you to 
serve America's older adults through reauthorization of the 
Older Americans Act.

                 U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging

         "Renewing Our Commitment: How The Older Americans Act 
          Uplifts Families Living With Aging-Related Diseases"

                            November 5, 2025

                       Statements for the Record

National Association of Nutrition and Aging Services Programs Statement

    The National Association of Nutrition and Aging Services 
(NANASP) on behalf of our 1000+ aging services members commends 
the Chairman Rick Scott, Ranking Member Kirsten Gillibrand, and 
the Senate Special Committee on Aging for holding this 
important and timely hearing regarding how the Older Americans 
Act (OAA) and its programs serve older adults-especially those 
with disabilities, including age-related disabilities-and how 
efforts can be strengthened in rural America and in 
coordination with health care systems.
    Important because of what the Older Americans Act and its 
programs mean to the daily lives of the 12 million Americans 
age 60 and over served by these programs and timely because it 
is time without further delay to reauthorize this important act 
which S.2120 would do. We especially appreciate ranking member 
Senator Gillibrand being a co-sponsor of this measure.
    The largest program components of the OAA are its three 
nutrition programs: Title III C-1 (congregate nutrition 
services), Title III C-2 (home-delivered nutrition services), 
and the Nutrition Services Incentive Program (NSIP). These 
programs are the focus of today's discussion because they 
provide more than just meals, they improve health, reduce risk 
of malnutrition, and ensure the continuation of vital services 
and supports that allow older adults and people with 
disabilities to live independently in their communities.
    For older adults and people with disabilities, the value of 
the OAA nutrition programs is many-fold.

      Participants at congregate meal sites are not only 
receiving a nutritionally balanced meal (meals must meet 
federal standards, including providing at least one-third of 
the Dietary Reference Intakes) but also opportunities for 
socialization, wellness checks, referrals to other services, 
volunteers who engage them, and a community anchor.

      For home-delivered meals, older adults who are frail, 
homebound, isolated, or have functional limitations receive a 
nutritious meal at home, a wellness / safety check from a 
caring volunteer or staff person, social contact, and 
connection to other community supports.

      These nutrition programs are especially important for 
older adults with disabilities or age-related functional 
challenges because the statute explicitly prioritizes persons 
with "greatest social or economic need," including those with 
physical disabilities, limited mobility, and those at risk of 
institutionalization.

    More than one in five older Americans live in rural areas 
where challenges such as limited providers, long travel 
distances, and higher rates of disability and isolation make it 
harder to access services, maintain good nutrition, and stay 
socially connected. OAA programs, especially the nutrition 
programs, play a critical role in enabling older adults and 
people with disabilities to live in their communities with 
dignity, independence and safety.
    These communities therefore need strong partnerships 
between the OAA network (state units on aging, area agencies on 
aging, local providers) and state health agencies, rural 
hospitals, and public health systems. For example: As rural 
health systems implement the new Malnutrition Care Score and 
the Age-Friendly Hospital Measure-which help hospitals identify 
malnutrition risk among older patients and tailor discharge 
planning-there is an opportunity for hospitals to formally 
partner with OAA nutrition programs so that when older adults 
with disabilities are discharged home, their nutrition concerns 
are addressed immediately in the community. By aligning 
nutrition screening in hospitals, referral to OAA nutrition 
programs, and follow-up coordination, readmissions may be 
reduced, older adults with disabilities can be better supported 
in their home communities, and health systems and community 
providers can jointly track outcomes.
    To be clear: the OAA nutrition programs are more than "just 
a meal." To the older adults and people with disabilities they 
serve, these programs represent a lifeline. They promote better 
health and can help prevent malnutrition, they provide 
critically important socialization to combat isolation and 
loneliness, and for home-delivered recipients they offer a 
daily wellness check. They engage volunteerism, foster 
connection, offer nutrition education and support chronic 
disease management. The nutrition program under Title VI of the 
Act for Native American older adults also plays a vital role in 
tribal communities.
    Given all of this, it is important that Congress act 
without further delay to reauthorize the OAA. The Act 
celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2025, marking one of the 
most successful federal programs ever enacted. Yet the world 
for older Americans has changed dramatically. Earlier this 
year, the Administration announced a major reorganization of 
Department of Health and Human Services that profoundly impacts 
the Administration for Community Living (ACL), which 
administers the OAA. While we await those results, NANASP along 
with Meals on Wheels America, National Council on Aging, 
USAging, and Advancing states urge that all aging programs be 
housed within a single agency-the Administration for Children, 
Families, and Communities-with strong aging leadership and 
adequate resources to maintain the aging network's integrity.
    Enable state units on aging and area agencies on aging to 
fully participate in new funding streams like the Rural Health 
Transformation Grants, telehealth infrastructure and workforce 
grants to enhance rural nutrition services.
    Today's hearing can be a catalyst to move reauthorization 
forward on a bipartisan basis to ensure more older adults and 
people with disabilities live with dignity and independence in 
their communities, especially those with greatest social and 
economic need. Let us all work together to make this happen.
    The OAA celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2025. It did so 
with the reality that it is one of the most successful federal 
programs ever enacted hearing can be a catalyst to get 
reauthorization moving. Today's hearing is a catalyst to get 
the reauthorization moving on a bipartisan basis to ensure 
older adults and people with disabilities live with dignity and 
independence in their communities. Let us all work together to 
make this happen.
    Thank you for your consideration.

    Sincerely,

    Bob Blancato
    Executive Director NANASP

                 U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging

         "Renewing Our Commitment: How The Older Americans Act 
          Uplifts Families Living With Aging-Related Diseases"

                            November 5, 2025

                       Statements for the Record

              National Rural Health Association Statement

    The National Rural Health Association (NRHA) is pleased to 
submit a statement to the Special Committee on Aging Hearing, 
How the Older Americans Act (OAA) Uplifts Families Living with 
Aging-Related Diseases. We appreciate the Senate Aging 
Committee's continued commitment to the needs of older adults, 
including the more than 60 million Americans that reside in 
rural areas. NRHA submits this statement to highlight the 
unique needs of older adults in rural communities and uplift 
the importance of improving age-friendly care, nutrition 
access, and caregiver support.
    NRHA is a non-profit membership organization with more than 
21,000 members nationwide that provides leadership on rural 
health issues. Our membership includes nearly every component 
of rural America's health care, including rural community 
hospitals, critical access hospitals, long-term care providers, 
doctors, nurses, and patients. We work to improve rural 
America's health needs through government advocacy, 
communications, education, and research.

Background

    Older adults living in rural areas make up a 
disproportionate share of the aging population. In 2020, about 
1 in 5 people living in rural areas in the United States were 
65 and over, compared to 16 percent in urban areas, and face 
compounding challenges including higher poverty rates, greater 
social isolation, limited means of transportation, food 
insecurity, and reduced access to long term care and home- and 
community-based services.i These difficulties are magnified by 
ongoing rural hospital closures and workforce shortages.
    The OAA has been a reliable source of caregiver relief, 
nutrition support, and assistance navigating services for many 
rural families. The OAA created the Administration on Aging, 
part of the Administration for Community Living (ACL), and 
established a national aging services network that includes 
state agencies, Tribal aging programs, Area Agencies on Aging 
(AAAs) and community-based organizations. Together, this 
network provides services that play a critical role in helping 
older adults remain in their homes and communities. In rural 
America, that mission cannot be met without strengthening OAA 
funding and flexibility to reflect the realities of rural 
service delivery.

Economic Challenges

    Poverty: Rural older adults often struggle financially due 
to limited employment opportunities, lower Social Security 
benefits due to reduced lifetime earnings, and rising health 
care costs. The poverty rate among rural older adults is 13 
percent, which is 9.6 percent higher than the national 
average.ii With limited fixed incomes, even minor changes in 
finances, such as unexpected healthcare costs, can cause 
immense strain for rural older adults.
    Housing: Housing insecurity is reported to be the leading 
cause of stress among rural older adults, with many living in 
substandard conditions due to the unavailability of senior 
housing programs.iii Rural Americans have a lower median 
household income compared to urban households, sitting around 
four percent lower.iv Inaccessibility of affordable and 
available housing for rural older adults further exacerbates 
economic challenges faced by this population and is an obstacle 
to positive healthcare outcomes. Healthy homes promote good 
physical and mental health. Good health depends on having homes 
that are safe and free from physical hazards. Residents who 
experience difficulty paying rent, mortgage or utility bills 
are less likely to have a usual source of medical care and more 
likely to postpone treatment and use the emergency room for 
treatment.v
    Payment & Health Care Costs: Rural older adults spend an 
average of 20 percent more on health care than their urban 
counterparts.vi Additionally, Medicare is the primary source of 
care coverage for rural older adults; however, Medicare only 
covers nursing home care in limited circumstances (up to 100 
days of skilled nursing care following a hospitalization). 
Outside of this, Medicare generally does not cover long-term 
care in nursing homes or any assisted living. Rural older 
adults typically rely upon Medicaid to help pay for these 
costs.
    Additionally, limited transportation infrastructure and 
reliance on emergency services in rural areas contribute to the 
high costs of healthcare for rural adults, as well as heighten 
the challenges older rural adults face in accessing care.

Social Challenges

    Caregiver Support: Rural families carry a disproportionate 
share of the caregiving responsibility because the formal long-
term care system in rural areas is thinner and continues to 
contract. Rural areas have experienced higher rates of nursing 
home closures, consolidation of home health agencies, and 
reduction in hospice and in-home support teams. These closures 
force older adults and their families to travel farther for 
care or manage complex health needs at home with limited, if 
any, professional support. As a result, family, friends, and 
neighbors become the default care system where they support 
loved ones with dementia, mobility limitations, or multiple 
chronic conditions while also balancing work, transportation 
challenges and financial constraints.
    Even when services exist, workforce shortages limit 
availability of rural caregivers. Rural nursing assistants, 
home health workers, and long-term care staff are consistently 
underpaid, leading to turnover and service gaps. The result is 
caregiver burnout and turnover. Expanding caregiver support, 
in-home care capacity, and respite access under the OAA are 
needed not only to protect caregiver health but also to enable 
older adults to remain safely in their homes and communities.
    Transportation: Unlike urban areas, most rural regions lack 
public transit systems or rideshare services. Older adults who 
no longer drive often have no alternative way to get medical 
appointments, grocery stores, pharmacies, senior centers, or 
social visits. As a result, losing the ability to drive can 
lead to instant isolation and access challenges. These 
transportation barriers contribute to missed medical care, 
delayed treatment, and worsened chronic disease outcomes. OAA-
funded transportation programs attempt to fill these gaps but 
are consistently under-resourced and face higher per-trip costs 
due to long travel distances and dispersed populations in rural 
areas.
    Isolation & Mental Health: Rural older adults are more 
likely to live alone farther from neighbors, and in communities 
where gathering places have declined due to hospital closures, 
shrinking senior centers, and loss of local businesses. Social 
isolation is linked to higher risks of depression, cognitive 
decline, vulnerability to elder abuse, and earlier mortality by 
up to 30 percent.vii OAA supported congregate meal programs and 
senior centers have historically served as anchors of 
connection, but many rural providers struggle to maintain 
programming or transportation to bring people together.

Health Care Access

    Workforce: Developing, retaining, and sustaining the rural 
healthcare workforce is often challenging in rural areas. As a 
result of these workforce shortages, rural older adults often 
struggle to access primary care providers, nurses, and other 
specialty care providers. Rural areas have 64 percent fewer 
health care workers per capita than urban areas.viii This in 
turn leads to limited access to preventive care and chronic 
disease management for older adults. Community health workers 
(CHWs) integration into the healthcare system offers one method 
to help bridge gaps in health care delivery and increase access 
to care. CHWs play an increasingly vital role in delivering 
culturally competent education, care coordination, and social 
support, especially in rural settings where clinical workforce 
shortages persist.
    Infrastructure: Healthcare infrastructure that can help 
support the rural older adult population is integral in 
providing long-term care (LTC) support and addressing the needs 
of the rural aging population. This includes home health or 
home and community-based services, or institutional 
infrastructure such as skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), 
assisted living, or long-term care facilities. Rural counties 
have a higher percentage of residents 65 or older and have a 
higher percentage of the population that identifies as having a 
disability, which indicates a greater need for age-friendly 
resources. Access to high-quality nursing home care in rural 
communities and investments in long-term services and support 
(LTSS) are needed to allow rural residents to access support 
and care at home or in their local communities. As mentioned, 
Medicare often does not provide coverage for many LTC costs. 
Residents of rural communities who are Medicare beneficiaries 
tend to use more skilled nursing services and have a higher 
rate of covered days as compared to urban communities.ix 
Funding for LTC services as well as reimbursement adjustments 
for these facilities can help prioritize, sustain, and increase 
support for health infrastructure for rural older adults.
    Nutrition: Reliable access to nutritious food is 
foundational to healthy aging, yet rural older adults face 
higher rates of food insecurity and malnutrition due to limited 
grocery access, long travel distances, and rising food and fuel 
costs. In nearly one in five rural counties, there is no full-
service grocery store at all and more than 20 percent of rural 
Census tracts qualify as food deserts.x,xi For older adults who 
no longer drive, this means that even basic staples like fresh 
produce and medication snacks become difficult or impossible to 
obtain. OAA nutrition programs directly counter these 
conditions. Congregate meals provide structured social 
engagement and routine safety checks, reducing the risk of 
cognitive decline and loneliness. Home delivered meals like 
Meals on Wheels support older adults who are homebound or have 
mobility limitations. These meals in rural communities are not 
simply supplemental, they are the primary balanced meal of the 
day and a key part of managing diabetes, hypertension, stroke 
recovery and heart disease.
    Overall, rural communities are home to a large population 
of older adults. Many factors contribute to the challenges and 
barriers this population faces in terms of healthcare access. 
The OAA is a key solution to help improve social drivers of 
health, offer support to care-givers and rural adult health 
needs, and address key issues in health workforce and 
infrastructure in rural communities. Addressing these 
challenges can help improve the overall health and disease 
management of older adults in rural areas.
    NRHA thanks the Committee for the opportunity to weigh in 
on supporting the health of the older population living in 
rural areas throughout the country. For further information on 
this topic, please reference NRHA's policy brief, Older 
Americans Act: Greatest economic and social needs of older 
rural adults. If you have any questions or would like to 
discuss our response further, please contact NRHA's Government 
Affairs and Policy Director, Alexa McKinley Abel.

    Sincerely,
    /s/

    Alan Morgan
    Chief Executive Officer
    National Rural Health Association

---------------------------------------------------------------

(i) US Census Bureau. U.S. older population grew from 2010 to 
2020 at fastest rate since 1880 to 1890. Census.gov. Published 
May 25, 2023. Accessed November 12, 2025. https://
www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/05/2020-census-
unitedstates-older-population-grew.html

(ii) RUPRI Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis. Nursing 
Homes in Rural America: A Chartbook. 2022. Accessed November 
12, 2025. https://rupri.org/wp-content/uploads/Nursing-Home-
Chartbook.pdf

(iii) National Council on Aging. What is the USDA Home Repair 
Loans and Grants Program? Published October 2, 2024. Accessed 
November 12, 2025. https://www.ncoa.org/article/what-is-the-
usda-single-family-housing-repair-loans-and-grants-program

(iv) Bishaw A, Posey K. A comparison of rural and urban 
America: Household income and poverty. US Census Bureau Blog. 
Published 2016. Accessed October 28, 2019. https://
www.census.gov/newsroom/blogs/randomsamplings/2016/12/a--
comparison--of--rura.html

(v) Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Housing and health. 
Published May 2011. Accessed November 12, 2025. https://
www.rwjf.org/en/insights/our-research/2011/05/housing-and-
health.html

(vi) Gunja MZ. Rural Americans struggle with medical bills and 
health care affordability. The Commonwealth Fund. Published 
July 24, 2023. Accessed November 12, 2025. https://
www.commonwealthfund.org/blog/2023/rural-americans-struggle-
medicalbills-and-health-care-affordability

(vii) Siuba JM, Carroll E, Haire E, et al. Addressing social 
isolation in older adults as a determinant of health. In: Pack 
MH, ed. 2023. Accessed November 12, 2025. https://imph.org/wp-
content/uploads/2023/06/imph-social-isolation-2023-
accessible.pdf

(viii) Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Employment and 
Wage Statistics (OEWS) tables. Published April 2, 2025. 
Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/
oes291141.htm

(ix) National Rural Health Association. Rural nursing home 
landscape: White paper. Accessed November 12, 2025. https://
www.ruralhealth.us/nationalruralhealth/media/documents/
advocacy/white%20paper/rural-nursing-home-landscape-white-
paper-.inal.pdf

(x) The Food Trust. The grocery gap: Who has access to healthy 
food and why it matters. Accessed November 12, 2025. https://
thefoodtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/
grocerygap.original.pdf

(xi) US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. 
Food Access Research Atlas: Documentation. Accessed November 
12, 2025. https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-access-
research-atlas/documentation

                 U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging

         "Renewing Our Commitment: How The Older Americans Act 
          Uplifts Families Living With Aging-Related Diseases"

                            November 5, 2025

                       Statements for the Record

     VISIONS/Services for the Blind and Visually Impaired Statement

    As the President and CEO of VISIONS/Services for the Blind 
and Visually Impaired-one of New York State's oldest and most 
trusted nonprofit organizations serving older adults who are 
blind or visually impaired-I thank you for your leadership in 
advancing the reauthorization of the Older Americans Act.
    For nearly a century, VISIONS has empowered tens of 
thousands of older adults to remain active, independent, and 
engaged in their communities despite vision loss. Today, the 
four leading causes of blindness-age-related macular 
degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy-
affect millions of Americans, and their prevalence increases 
dramatically with age. These are not just medical conditions; 
they are life-changing diagnoses that threaten safety, 
mobility, and emotionalwell-being-think of not being able to 
prepare food safely for yourself in your own home, not being 
able to take a walk safely on your own, or communicate through 
your smartphone that you need help.
    Through programs supported in part by the Older Americans 
Act and by our partnerships with the New York State Commission 
for the Blind and local area agencies on aging, VISIONS 
provides the essential services that make independence 
possible:

      Vision rehabilitation training that helps older adults 
safely navigate their homesand neighborhoods;

      Orientation and mobility instruction that restores 
confidence to walk, travel, andparticipate in community life;

      Assistive technology support that teaches individuals to 
use adaptive devices,magnifiers, and screen readers to stay 
connected to loved ones; make telehealth appointments, support 
and social engagement programs that combat isolation and 
depression, financial independence through online banking, 
allowing older adults to continue living where they choose-with 
dignity and purpose.

      Caregiver support services that equip unpaid family 
members with the resources,respite, and guidance they need to 
sustain care at home, helping older adults remain safely in 
their communities and reducing the need for costly nursing home 
placement.

    As our population ages, the need for these services will 
more than double in the next 25 years. Without reauthorization 
and sustained investment in the OAA, the network of providers 
like VISIONS-those who are on the front lines every day helping 
older adults maintain independence-cannot keep pace with the 
growing demand.
    At VISIONS, we witness daily the transformative impact of 
coordinated, community-based care envisioned by the OAA. A 78-
year-old New Yorker who has lost her sight to glaucoma can 
learn to cook safely again. A retired veteran with diabetic 
retinopathy can use speech-enabled technology to pay bills and 
stay connected to family. These are not extraordinary stories-
they are everyday outcomes made possible because Congress has 
chosen, time and again, to invest in independence, dignity, and 
community for older Americans.
    I urge Congress to reauthorize and strengthen the Older 
Americans Act, ensuring that older adults with vision loss and 
other disabilities have continued access to the vital supports 
they need to live full and meaningful lives.
    Thank you for your commitment to our nation's seniors and 
to the organizations that serve them.

    Respectfully submitted,

    Molly E. Eagan
    President & CEO
    VISIONS/Services for the Blind and Visually Impaired, New 
York, NY

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