[Senate Hearing 119-216]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]






                                                        S. Hrg. 119-216

                      NOMINATIONS OF EDWARD FORST,
                 CHARLES ARRINGTON, JOHN CUONG TRUONG,
                ELANA S. SUTTENBERG, STEPHEN F. RICKARD,
        WILLIAM KIRK, HON. ANTHONY D'ESPOSITO, AND PLATTE MORING

=======================================================================

                                HEARING

                               before the

                              COMMITTEE ON
               HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS
                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS


                             FIRST SESSION

                               ----------                              

                            OCTOBER 23, 2025

                               ----------                              

        Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.govinfo.gov

                       Printed for the use of the
        Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs









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                                                        S. Hrg. 119-216

                      NOMINATIONS OF EDWARD FORST,
                 CHARLES ARRINGTON, JOHN CUONG TRUONG,
                ELANA S. SUTTENBERG, STEPHEN F. RICKARD,
        WILLIAM KIRK, HON. ANTHONY D'ESPOSITO, AND PLATTE MORING

=======================================================================

                                HEARING

                               before the

                              COMMITTEE ON
               HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS
                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS


                             FIRST SESSION

                               __________

        NOMINATIONS OF EDWARD FORST TO BE ADMINISTRATOR, GENERAL
       SERVICES ADMINISTRATION, CHARLES ARRINGTON TO BE A MEMBER,
         FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY, JOHN CUONG TROUNG,
      ELANA S. SUTTENBERG, AND STEPHEN F. RICKARD TO BE ASSOCIATE
        JUDGES, DC SUPERIOR COURT, WILLIAM KIRK TO BE INSPECTOR
              GENERAL, U.S. SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION,
          THE HON. ANTHONY D'ESPOSITO TO BE INSPECTOR GENERAL,
      U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, AND PLATTE MORING TO BE INSPECTOR
                  GENERAL, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

                               __________

                            OCTOBER 23, 2025

        Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.govinfo.gov

                       Printed for the use of the
        Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
        
        
        
     [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]




                                   
                 U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 
                 
62-164 PDF                   WASHINGTON : 2026 
	       
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        

        COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS

                     RAND PAUL, Kentucky, Chairman
RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin               GARY C. PETERS, Michigan
JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma             MAGGIE WOOD HASSAN, New Hampshire
RICK SCOTT, Florida                  RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut
JOSH HAWLEY, Missouri                JOHN FETTERMAN, Pennsylvania
BERNIE MORENO, Ohio                  ANDY KIM, New Jersey
JONI ERNST, Iowa                     RUBEN GALLEGO, Arizona
ASHLEY MOODY, Florida                ELISSA SLOTKIN, Michigan

                William E. Henderson III, Staff Director
                  Christina N. Salazar, Chief Counsel
                      Andrew J. Hopkins,  Counsel
               Olivia Naughton, Professional Staff Member
               David M. Weinberg, Minority Staff Director
     Christopher J. Mulkins, Minority Director of Homeland Security
              Claudine J. Brenner, Minority Senior Counsel
                     Laura W. Kilbride, Chief Clerk
                   Ashley A. Gonzalez, Records Clerk



























                            C O N T E N T S

                                 ------                                
Opening statements:
                                                                   Page
    Senator Paul.................................................     1
    Senator Peters...............................................     2
    Senator Lankford.............................................     3
    Senator Moreno...............................................     8
    Senator Slotkin..............................................    10
    Senator Ernst................................................    11
    Senator Blumenthal...........................................    13
    Senator Moody................................................    15
    Senator Hassan...............................................    16
    Senator Hawley...............................................    19
Prepared statements:
    Senator Peters...............................................    25
    Senator Hagerty..............................................    27

                               WITNESSES
                       THURSDAY, OCTOBER 23, 2025

Edward Forst to be Administrator, General Services Administration
    Prepared statement...........................................    29
    Biographical and professional information....................    33
    Letter from U.S. Office of Government Ethics.................    47
    Responses to pre-hearing questions...........................    60
    Supplemental pre-hearing questions...........................    78
    Responses to post-hearing questions..........................    93
Charles Arrington to be a Member, Federal Labor Relations 
  Authority
    Prepared statement...........................................   112
    Biographical and professional information....................   114
    Letter from U.S. Office of Government Ethics.................   132
    Responses to pre-hearing questions...........................   135
    Supplemental pre-hearing questions...........................   147
    Responses to post-hearing questions..........................   155
John Coung Troung to be Associate Judge, DC Superior Court
    Prepared statement...........................................   165
    Biographical and professional information....................   166
    Responses to post-hearing questions..........................   189
Elana S. Suttenberg to be Associate Judge, DC Superior Court
    Prepared statement...........................................   191
    Biographical and professional information....................   192
    Responses to post-hearing questions..........................   221
Stephen F. Rickard to be Associate Judge, DC Superior Court
    Prepared statement...........................................   223
    Biographical and professional information....................   224
    Responses to post-hearing questions..........................   247
William Kirk to be Inspector General, U.S. Small Business 
  Administration
    Biographical and professional information....................   249
    Letter from U.S. Office of Government Ethics.................   268
    Responses to post-hearing questions..........................   272
Hon. Anthony D'Esposito to be Inspector General, U.S. Department 
  of Labor
    Prepared statement...........................................   283
    Biographical and professional information....................   285
    Letter from U.S. Office of Government Ethics.................   312
    Responses to post-hearing questions..........................   315
Platte Moring to be Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defense
    Prepared statement...........................................   327
    Biographical and professional information....................   329
    Letter from U.S. Office of Government Ethics.................   347
    Responses to post-hearing questions..........................   350

                                APPENDIX

Pictures submitted by Senator Hawley.............................   363
Small Business Website Flyer.....................................   365
Materials submitted regarding Mr. D'Esposito.....................   366
Statement submitted by Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in 
  Washington.....................................................   372

 
                      NOMINATIONS OF EDWARD FORST, 
                           CHARLES ARRINGTON, 
                           JOHN CUONG TRUONG, 
                          ELANA S. SUTTENBERG, 
                   STEPHEN F. RICKARD, WILLIAM KIRK, 
                      HON. ANTHONY D'ESPOSITO, AND 
                             PLATTE MORING 

                              ----------                              


                       THURSDAY, OCTOBER 23, 2025

                                     U.S. Senate,  
                           Committee on Homeland Security  
                                  and Governmental Affairs,
                                                    Washington, DC.
    The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10 a.m., in room 
SD-342, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Rand Paul, Chair 
of the Committee, presiding.
    Present: Senators Paul [presiding], Lankford, Rick Scott, 
Hawley, Moreno, Ernst, Moody, Peters, Hassan, Blumenthal, 
Fetterman, and Slotkin.

               OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR PAUL

    Chairman Paul. The hearing will come to order. Today the 
Committee is excited to meet eight nominees. They will be 
Edward Forst, to be the Administrator of the General Services 
Administration (GSA); Charles Arrington, to be a Member of the 
Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA); John Truong, to be an 
Associate Judge (AJ) in the D.C. Superior Court; Elana 
Suttenberg, to be an Associate Judge on the Superior Court; 
Stephen Rickard, also to be an Associate Judge on the D.C. 
Superior Court; William Kirk, to be Inspector General (IG) of 
the Small Business Administration (SBA); Anthony D'Esposito, to 
be the Inspector General of the Department of Labor (DOL); and 
last but not least, Platte Moring, to be Inspector General for 
the Department of Defense (DOD).
    The witnesses' written statements have been submitted for 
the record, and I ask unanimous consent (UC) to submit letters 
of support that have been received for the nominees.
    In the interest of time I will forego opening remarks, but 
I will recognize Ranking Member Peters at this time.

             OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR PETERS\1\

    Senator Peters. Thank you, Mr. Chair, and welcome to all of 
the nominees, and congratulations on your nominations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ The prepared statement of Senator Peters appears in the 
Appendix on page 25.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    I would like to start with the nomination that we are not 
considering today. I am glad that Paul Ingrassia's nomination 
to lead the Office of Special Counsel (OSC) has been withdrawn. 
The racist messages Mr. Ingrassia reportedly sent in a private 
chat are absolutely disgusting. Mr. Ingrassia has said that he 
is being smeared unfairly and those messages lack context.
    But let's be clear. There is no context that makes the use 
of racial slurs OK. Even without these messages, we also have 
the hundreds of racist, sexist, and antisemitic statements by 
Mr. Ingrassia, that he has made publicly in his short career. 
His clear pattern of bigoted and inflammatory rhetoric, along 
with his complete lack of any relevant experience, is wholly 
disqualifying. Paul Ingrassia never should have been nominated 
for such a critical oversight role, but his insistence, I 
think, just exemplifies the Trump administration's outright 
contempt for independent oversight.
    Since taking office, this Administration has attacked every 
key institution charged with rooting out government waste, 
fraud, and abuse. In January, President Trump illegally fired 
18 inspectors general without any explanation to Congress, and 
dismissed another IG last week, again without the legally 
required justification.
    Last month, the Administration withheld funding for the 
inspector general community, literally shutting down online 
portals for whistleblowers to report corruption, fraud, or 
wasteful spending. When Congress pushed back, a spokesperson 
for the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) did not have a 
good answer.
    The President has fired top officials at the Office of 
Special Counsel and the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB), 
agencies charged with protecting whistleblowers who expose 
waste, fraud, and abuse. This Administration has repeatedly 
attacked the nonpartisan Government Accountability Office 
(GAO), just last month saying it ``should not exist.'' 
Government accountability should not exist, in the President's 
words.
    These are the agencies that Congress created to hold the 
President and the Executive Branch accountable, to ensure that 
the Federal Government is indeed serving the American people 
and not the whims of a pocketbooks of the President or his 
political cronies.
    To the three inspector general nominees here today, I am 
concerned about your ability to conduct effective oversight 
given the President's attacks on IG independence. Congressman 
D'Esposito, in particular, you have made no effort to address 
concerns that you are a partisan operative. You have even 
submitted an opening statement to this Committee that includes 
a pledge to carry out the President's agenda as an Inspector 
General. This betrays a very deep misunderstanding of the role 
of what an IG actually is, to say nothing of the laundry list 
of misconduct allegations that has been made against you in 
your career.
    To the other nominees, I also have concerns and questions 
about the important roles you have been nominated for. 
Unfortunately, a hearing with eight nominees and five minutes 
for questions severely limits Members' abilities to get answers 
to important questions and to have meaningful exchanges, and it 
certainly limits public transparency into the Committee's 
nominations process, which I am sure was the intent of the 
Chair.
    Still, I want to thank all of your nominees for being here 
today, and I look forward to hearing from each of you.
    Chairman Paul. It is the practice of the Homeland Security 
and Governmental Affairs Committee (HSGAC) to swear in 
witnesses. Will the nominees please stand and raise your right 
hand.
    Do you swear that the testimony you will give before this 
Committee will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but 
the truth, so help you, God?
    Mr. Forst. I do.
    Mr. Arrington. I do.
    Mr. Truong. I do.
    Ms. Suttenberg. I do.
    Mr. Rickard. I do.
    Mr. Kirk. I do.
    Mr. D'Esposito. I do.
    Mr. Moring. I do.
    Chairman Paul. Thank you. It is the standard practice of 
the Committee for the Chair to ask the nominees the following 
question. Do you agree, without reservation, to comply with any 
request or summons to appear and testify before any duly 
constituted committee of Congress if you are confirmed?
    Why don't we just go down the list. Mr. Forst?
    Mr. Forst. I do.
    Chairman Paul. Mr. Arrington?
    Mr. Arrington. I do.
    Chairman Paul. Mr. Truong?
    Mr. Truong. I do.
    Chairman Paul. Ms. Suttenberg?
    Ms. Suttenberg. I do.
    Chairman Paul. Mr. Rickard?
    Mr. Rickard. I do.
    Chairman Paul. Mr. Kirk?
    Mr. Kirk. I do.
    Chairman Paul. Mr. D'Esposito?
    Mr. D'Esposito. I do.
    Chairman Paul. And Mr. Moring?
    Mr. Moring. I do.
    Chairman Paul. Thank you. I will now have a round of 5-
minute questions, and we will start with Senator Lankford.

             OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR LANKFORD

    Senator Lankford. Thank you to all of you for being here 
and for going through this process. It is a long, arduous 
process with lots of paperwork and lots of questions that has 
actually led you to this moment. Then we are going to 
expeditiously work through this process on the hearing, as 
well, today.
    So a question for a few of you. Mr. Forst, let me start 
with you on this. GSA is exceptionally important to us in many 
ways in getting information details, but one of those deals 
with real property. The Federal Government owns way too much 
property, but it has been a challenge for us to be able to sell 
property off or to be able to make it available and to be able 
to get it off our books. With $38 trillion in total debt as a 
nation now, we have to stop owning things we do not use. what 
are your thoughts and your plans for how to be able to help 
with the real property disposition?
    Mr. Forst. Senator Lankford, thank you very much for the 
question, and I appreciate the question, and I actually think 
the career staff at GSA appreciates that question and the 
motivation behind it, as well. I think, as the Committee is 
aware, the Federal Government controls, through GSA, about 
8,800 properties, of which we own 1,500 properties. I think the 
analysis for the proper footprint of the government extends 
also beyond what we own into what we lease, as well.
    What is the right size? What is right mission of the real 
estate for the government of today and the government of 
tomorrow, and tomorrow's tomorrow?
    We have 350 million feet of real estate that we control. 
That is gargantuan, and it probably makes us the biggest real 
estate owner. And GSA does not control all of the Federal real 
estate in that way. We have so many constituents of interest. 
We have return-to-work orders in place. There is a tremendous 
amount of work to do in terms of looking at the stock of real 
estate, but also the condition of the real estate that we own.
    When we are a tenant in someone else's property and they 
are our landlord, we are very demanding in terms of the 
condition of the property, so it meets the needs on an ongoing 
basis. When we are the landlord and we own the property, I 
would say we are somewhat deficient.
    Senator Lankford. Yes.
    Mr. Forst. In the GSA annual report we show $24 billion of 
deferred maintenance. Deferred maintenance is a very gentle 
term for, I will say, delinquent maintenance in that way, of 
which $6 billion is urgently needed, it says, over one to two 
years. I think we have to take whole stock of exactly what we 
own, the mission of each one of our constituent clients, and 
determine the appropriate way to move forward.
    I will say one more thing, if I may.
    Senator Lankford. Yes.
    Mr. Forst. GSA is the tip of the spear in Federal real 
estate. We cannot actually return to work all of our people 
into our building because about 25 percent of it has been 
deemed uninhabitable. That is because we have deferred 
maintenance.
    Senator Lankford. We have got to get that off the roll, and 
I would tell you, one of the areas I have worked on for years 
is dealing with areas like our border facilities. The Customs 
and Border Protection (CBP) owns some of those border 
facilities. GSA owns some of those. The GSA ones are not being 
well maintained, and sometimes they are not designed well on 
it, so we are not getting the cooperation we need in some 
areas. So that will be one of the areas I will come back to you 
later, to be able to figure out how do we actually manage that 
in the days ahead. I appreciate your engagement on this.
    For the IGs that are here, thanks for stepping up. It is a 
thankless, difficult job, to say the least. You are selected by 
the President, you are confirmed by the Congress, but you are 
the eyes and ears for the American people in each of these 
agencies, and there is an expectation. You work independently, 
because the American taxpayer expects somebody to be able to be 
in the agency, to be able to look around and give 
recommendations how to be more efficient, where there is not 
only inefficiency but illegal activity or inappropriate 
activity.
    There is an expectation--you work for the American people--
to be effective in those roles. So thanks for stepping up to be 
able to do that. I really do appreciate you taking on that 
task.
    For the folks that are in the court, that are stepping in 
for the D.C. Court, Mr. Truong, you are one of the few people 
on a planet with six billion people that was nominated by 
President Trump, nominated in by President Biden, and now you 
are here a third time for a third nomination from President 
Trump. I bet there are not many people on this planet that have 
been nominated three times, and twice by Trump and once by 
Biden, on that. So you have been in this Committee before and 
you know full well what I am going to ask you, because I have 
asked you before on it.
    How are you going to run your court in such a way that 
people get faster access to justice? We have got 12 openings 
that are there in the court. There is an enormous backlog in 
the D.C. Court. People expect justice. But they also expect 
when they get to court they are going to actually have their 
day in court and not have an attorney ask for a continuance, 
and they never actually get their day in court. How are you 
going to run your court in such a way that people get justice?
    Mr. Truong. Senator, your question crystallizes the issues, 
two critical issues confronting the Superior Court, and that is 
the backlog, which then affects how people get access to 
justice. If I were to be fortunate enough to be confirmed----
    Senator Lankford. Finally.
    Mr. Truong [continuing]. Finally, I will make sure that I 
am prepared every day to rule on the cases in front of me. I 
would make sure that I communicate effectively to the parties, 
litigants appearing before me. One of those communications 
would be in the form of standing orders to articulate the 
expectations to the parties that when they appear for a 
hearing, for case status, or for a trial, that they are 
prepared to go.
    Those expectations would be set forth clearly. I believe 
that is one of the tools I intend to use in order to assure 
that cases are moved quickly so that people who appear before 
me have a day in court.
    Senator Lankford. Great. Thank you. Thank you to all of 
your families that are here, as well, and those that are 
watching. Thanks for going through this. Mr. Chair, thank you.
    Chairman Paul. Senator Peters.
    Senator Peters. Mr. Forst, as we discussed yesterday, and 
it was good spending time with you in the office yesterday, but 
as we were talking about yesterday, GSA recently confirmed with 
my staff that the agency plans to move forward with disposing 
the Hart-Doyle-Inouye property in Battle Creek, Michigan. More 
than 1,200 Michiganders work at this facility. It is a critical 
national defense and security installation, working with the 
Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) as well as the Federal 
Protective Service (FPS).
    For the record, we talked about this yesterday, but for the 
record will you ensure that GSA provides the resources to keep 
all of these critical national defense and security jobs in 
Battle Creek?
    Mr. Forst. Senator Peters, by the way, thank you for our 
time yesterday and thank you for the question. And in my times 
yesterday with you, Senator Hassan, and Senator Kim, one common 
theme that came across is for me and for the agency to be good 
listeners, and to be constituent seekers, and making sure that 
we take in all the available information and input from those 
stakeholders and those stakeholders that have something to 
bring forward to the table, and make sure we come to an agreed 
decision on each of these.
    There is the mathematics behind the real estate issue, and 
there is getting to the right place on the real estate issue. 
What I can commit to you is the agency will work feverishly 
with you and other constituents to make sure we get to the 
proper decision, and we all understand the basis of those 
decisions.
    Senator Peters. So your commitment, if confirmed, you will 
sit down with my team and we will make sure that the folks in 
those facilities know that this is a thoughtful decision and 
one that is something that is necessary?
    Mr. Forst. You have my 100 percent commitment, sir.
    Senator Peters. Very good. Thank you. Mr. Forst, when we 
met yesterday you also said that the GSA has a unique 
procurement responsibility because a stamp of approval of GSA 
signals governmentwide acceptance, and I certainly agree with 
this, which is why I am concerned with GSA's recent procurement 
of Elon Musk's xAI chatbot, Grok. This deal occurred following 
reports that Grok had produced racist and antisemitic content 
widely across Musk's social media platform.
    Do you share my concerns that the procurement of this 
artificial intelligence (AI) system, which has actively 
produced antisemitic and racist content, is that something that 
concerns you?
    Mr. Forst. Sir, I have not been a part of the decision to 
bring in any of these particular AI technologies.
    Senator Peters. I am not asking about your decision. Are 
you concerned about it?
    Mr. Forst. To the extent that it is as you described it 
would concern me, and I would like to learn more, sir.
    Senator Peters. What kind of signal do you think that sends 
to the country, that that is what we have procured?
    Mr. Forst. If that is, in fact, what we have, then that is 
not, I think, the signal we would necessarily want to send to 
the country. No, sir.
    Senator Peters. So if confirmed, would you commit to 
pausing the use of that system until we receive documentation 
about the details of the procurement, including whether the GSA 
actually performed a comprehensive risk assessment prior to----
    Mr. Forst. I think my commitment to you is I will meet with 
the team and I will understand the process used in selecting 
them, and I will make sure that we have all the facts. If there 
was incompleteness to the process, that we will rectify that.
    Senator Peters. OK. You stand by that you are concerned 
about it, and you will look at this.
    Mr. Forst. If you are concerned, it is a concern I would 
share, sir.
    Senator Peters. But it seems to be a general concern, 
antisemitic discussions and others----
    Mr. Forst. Yes, sir.
    Senator Peters [continuing]. And it should be a concern to 
not just me.
    Mr. Forst. No ambiguity about that.
    Senator Peters. Great. Thank you.
    President Trump violated the Inspector General Act (IGA) 
when he fired 19 inspectors general, the most recent just over 
a week ago, without submitting to Congress the required 30-day 
notification and some sort of substantive rationale. I know 
that is a high bar for the President--you have to have a 
rationale for what you do. But Mr. Moring, yes or no, do you 
acknowledge that the President violated the requirements of the 
IG Act?
    Mr. Moring. That matter is currently under litigation.
    Senator Peters. It is just a yes-or-no question. Do you 
think he violated it?
    Mr. Moring. I can't answer that question, Senator.
    Senator Peters. You can't answer it. A pretty 
straightforward requirement. If you are nominated to be an IG, 
a pretty straightforward requirement, you are not going to be 
able to make decisions on? Are you going to wait to see what 
the President tells you, or how are you going to make those 
kinds of decisions?
    Mr. Moring. I am going to make independent decisions based 
on my training and experience.
    Senator Peters. So reading something straightforward that 
you are required a 30-day notification with substantive 
rationale, that is not straightforward enough? What else would 
you need to make able to make that decision?
    Mr. Moring. It is a straightforward question, but the 
answer is not straightforward. The Solicitor General took the 
position that the President was within his rights to take the 
actions that he did.
    Senator Peters. So we know the judge voted, a rule that he 
did violate the IG Act. It is just a question of back pay right 
now.
    Mr. D'Esposito, can you answer our question yes or no?
    Mr. D'Esposito. I believe that it is under review by the 
Supreme Court and that as of right now none of the inspectors 
general report back to the job, so they believe President Trump 
made the correct decision.
    Senator Peters. OK. Well, you are following the talking. 
You said you want to faithfully execute the President's agenda, 
so you are showing us that. Mr. Kirk?
    Mr. Kirk. Thank you, Senator, for the question. As my 
colleagues have mentioned here, the matter is pending 
litigation and I do not think it lends itself to----
    Senator Peters. Yes, OK. You will all be very effective in 
moving the President's agenda, as an IG, but clearly we know 
what you are about. Not one of you could give me a straight 
answer acknowledging this very basic fact. Not even the 
President denies that he did not send notice to the Congress, 
so it is clear, I do not think either--a few more seconds--it 
is clear that you folks do not understand the role of an IG, 
and that basically disqualifies you.
    Chairman Paul. I think the sarcasm toward the witnesses is 
uncalled for. I mean, you are asking them to make a decision on 
the Supreme Court. It is a complicated decision. A lot of the 
decisions on hiring and firing have come down on the 
President's side. Frankly, these are open-ended questions. To 
say that you have concluded, and you are smarter than the 
Supreme Court, you are welcome to say that. But putting people 
on the spot and saying, ``Oh, you have no opinion. You are just 
going to do whatever you want,'' these are very complicated 
decisions and I do not think any of us really know exactly how 
the Supreme Court is going to rule on this. I do not like the 
sarcasm.
    Senator Peters. Mr. Chair, this is not before the Supreme 
Court.
    Chairman Paul. Senator Moreno.
    Senator Peters. Let's at least have facts, Mr. Chair.
    Chairman Paul. Senator Moreno.
    Senator Peters. It is not before the Supreme Court. Are we 
just making up facts as we go along here?
    Chairman Paul. Senator Moreno.
    Senator Peters. Oh my God.

              OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR MORENO

    Senator Moreno. Thank you, Mr. Chair. We talked a little 
bit this morning about text messages. I thought that was 
interesting because I have never seen a witness who was not 
here questioned. But I thought in the spirit of text messages 
we should read some. It talks about a text message that was 
sent out. It says, ``If you guys die before me I will go to 
their funerals to piss on their graves. Send them out awash in 
something.'' Then it talks about how they want Jennifer 
Gilbert's children to die in front of her so she can feel pain. 
That is the candidate for Attorney General (AG) from the State 
of Virginia. Would you, Senator Peters, condemn that text 
message, asking their children to die in front of the parents, 
and he can go to their funeral and piss on their graves?
    Senator Peters. I do not believe I am the witness here 
today. Thank you.
    Senator Moreno. OK. I just want to point out for the record 
that the bar is so low that you cannot condemn somebody wanting 
political violence. OK. So let's move on.
    To Mr. Kirk, Mr. D'Esposito, Mr. Moring, when you make 
decisions to investigate issues, do you go on X, read a post, 
and then make a decision based on that? Do you like read 
Newsweek and say, ``Oh, my God, this article says that,'' or, 
starting with you, Mr. Kirk, do you actually perform 
investigations?
    Mr. Kirk. Thank you, Senator, for the question. The role of 
the Inspector General is to work with facts.
    Senator Moreno. What if you read the article on Facebook? 
That is not enough?
    Mr. Kirk. Certainly not enough, no.
    Senator Moreno. How about if Manu Raju asks you a question 
in the hallway on the way out? Is that enough to make a 
decision?
    Mr. Kirk. Pardon me?
    Senator Moreno. If a cable news network (CNN) reporter asks 
you a question on the way out, is that enough just to make a 
decision? My point is, can you walk us through what you 
actually do to investigate these matters?
    Mr. Kirk. Sure. Inspectors General offices have significant 
numbers of staff of investigators, auditors, and their role is 
to collect the information from the agency, to be able to make 
a decision based upon----
    Senator Moreno. OK. Does that take five minutes? Six 
minutes? How long does that take?
    Mr. Kirk. It takes months.
    Senator Moreno. Months.
    Mr. Kirk. Months.
    Senator Moreno. OK. So not three minutes in questioning. 
Mr. D'Esposito, anything different?
    Mr. D'Esposito. I agree, and I spent my adult career as an 
investigator in the New York City Police Department (NYCPD). I 
worked for a few different mayors, definitely I do not agree 
with their political ideologies--but never once did I start an 
investigation, conduct an investigation, or make an arrest 
based on someone's political ideologies.
    Senator Moreno. Because you follow the law. That is your 
job, right?
    Mr. D'Esposito. Correct. I live the oath that I took and 
swore and that badge that I wore on my chest.
    Senator Moreno. And you are going to find the facts, no 
matter where they take you, to make certain that you do your 
job that you are sworn to do. Correct?
    Mr. D'Esposito. Absolutely. Exhaust every lead necessary.
    Senator Moreno. Mr. Moring, how about you? Obviously the 
Department of War is a huge agency, and you are going to be 
charged with a big responsibility. You are going to study these 
things thoroughly, make sure to only look at facts, not 
hyperbole or innuendo. Is that correct?
    Mr. Moring. That is correct, Senator. At the Department, 
sources of investigation come from many places. It can come 
from Senators, Congressmen, the hotline, whistleblower 
complaints. There are procedures that are already in place in 
writing at the Department which guide the initiation of 
investigations.
    Senator Moreno. You swore to uphold the Constitution and 
the law and to follow it, no matter where it goes. Correct?
    Mr. Moring. Yes, I do, Senator.
    Senator Moreno. To the Judges, D.C. obviously has a lot 
going on here, and I assume the same standard holds for the 
three of you, that you will follow the law, that you will 
interpret the Constitution as written?
    Mr. Rickard. Yes, Senator.
    Ms. Suttenberg. Yes, Senator.
    Mr. Truong. Yes, Senator.
    Senator Moreno. Perfect. Mr. Forst, I will actually give 
back time and just give you one piece of advice--sell, baby, 
sell. With that I will turn it back over to the Chair.
    Mr. Forst. Thank you, Senator.
    Chairman Paul. Senator Slotkin.

              OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR SLOTKIN

    Senator Slotkin. Thank you. Thanks to all of you for being 
here. Mr. Moring, Platte. Sorry, I know your first name. Mr. 
Moring, thank you. Can you tell me, is the Department of 
Defense Inspector General, the position you are nominated for, 
you just went through that you would uphold the U.S. 
Constitution. You would swear an oath to the Constitution of 
the United States. Right? Correct?
    Mr. Moring. Yes, Senator.
    Senator Slotkin. And to uphold the laws of the United 
States. You are a lawyer, but IGs do not have to be lawyers. 
But both as an IG but as a person, a lawyer, uphold the laws of 
the United States.
    Mr. Moring. Yes, Senator.
    Senator Slotkin. I am concerned about, in September, the 
President issued an Executive Order (EO) tasking the Department 
of Justice (DOJ) to come up with a list of domestic terrorist 
organizations (DTO). He gave a very broad definition of what 
domestic terrorist organizations were, including descriptors 
like anti-Christian, different views on the family, religion, 
and morality. There are also reports that the Department of 
Defense is participating in an interagency weaponization 
working group, made up of people from Department of Defense, 
from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Department of 
Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the 
Internal Revenue Service (IRS), to go after the President's 
adversaries or enemies.
    As the Inspector General you would be expected to flag 
issues of law and investigate deeply problematic issues. If a 
Department of Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), like the 
National Security Agency (NSA) the service intelligence 
agencies, Army intel, were to target American citizens for 
their political views and collect on American citizens, is that 
in violation of the law?
    Mr. Moring. Senator, the answer to your question has to do 
with the role of the Inspector General. I believe that the 
general counsel at the Department would be better able to 
address your question.
    Senator Slotkin. But this is just about law. I understand 
that the IG is not the one making those legal announcements. 
But if you learned that intelligence agencies were wiretapping 
American citizens because of their political views, is that in 
violation of U.S. law?
    Mr. Moring. The Department IG only conducts oversight with 
regard to the Department. If your question is limited to the 
Department, it is possible that the Inspector General may have 
a role in determining whether or not those agencies followed 
their own policies----
    Senator Slotkin. But this is an issue of law. So let's say 
the National Security Agency, which does wiretaps, and I am a 
former CIA officer. I worked with them all the time. Let's say 
the President of the United States tasked them to wiretap 
people who were attending the No Kings rally in Detroit, 
Michigan. Would that be legal for the intelligence community 
(IC), the DOD intelligence community, to target American 
citizens for their political views?
    Mr. Moring. Senator, I appreciate your sentiment and your 
concern, but it is not within the remit of the Inspector 
General to make a legal determination----
    Senator Slotkin. But it is law, right? I think, in general, 
and I would hope this would be a bipartisan thing, that the 
idea that our intelligence community, of which I was a proud 
member, would be turned against American citizens because of 
their alleged political views is as fundamental to who we are 
as anything that I have seen come before this Committee. I want 
you to say, separate from what your remit would be, I want you 
to say publicly that we are not going to turn agencies, like 
the CIA and the NSA and all these things, against the American 
people. You are the last line of defense. You are an IG, quite 
literally, overseeing conduct of the Department.
    If the intelligence agencies were asked to surveil American 
citizens, what would you do? Would you open an investigation, 
at a minimum? Would you push back at all? Or is it just OK now? 
God forbid, right, God forbid that this is just kind of the way 
we are going to be. The President says these are domestic 
terrorist organizations, and so we are now surveilling American 
citizens because of their views? I would hope my Republican 
colleagues would find that just as repugnant as me.
    I want to hear you say that you know that that is against 
not only the law but our values.
    Mr. Moring. Senator, I really appreciate your concern, and 
my sentiments are with you. But it is not my role to have 
personal opinions. I am guided by the facts and the application 
of the law to the facts.
    Senator Slotkin. I would just say it should not be about 
your role. It should be about who we are as American citizens, 
and what we do with our government when we turn it against 
people. I yield back.
    Chairman Paul. I am perfectly willing to answer the 
question. You are exactly right. You should not be targeted for 
your religious beliefs. But it is a little easier for me. I am 
my own agent. I can say what I want. I was elected. They are 
going to be working for people, and it is a little harder for 
them to have a philosophical discussion with you.
    But I will tell you that your questions are hypothetical 
ones, but there is a real question. It was called Arctic Frost, 
and it was administered by the Biden administration, where nine 
Members of Congress were targeted with unconstitutional 
warrants. They were given subpoenas for their geolocation--
according to the Carpenter case. It was decided by the Supreme 
Court--your geolocation. You do have an ownership or a privacy 
interest in that. They were illegally surveilled, nine Members 
of Congress. If we are looking for bipartisan criticism of 
surveillance run amok, that is the place we might want to 
start. Senator Ernst.

               OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR ERNST

    Senator Ernst. Thank you, Mr. Chair, and I wholeheartedly 
agree. I want to thank all of you for being here today, and I 
am just going to double down on my colleague from Oklahoma, his 
sentiment, when we are looking at GSA and making sure that we 
are divesting of all of the real estate that sits out there, 
unused, across the great United States. I have spent a lot of 
time digging into that area. I chair the Senate Department of 
Government Efficiency (DOGE) Caucus, and have done my 
``squeal'' work in the U.S. Senate for a number of years. I do 
appreciate the Senator from Oklahoma addressing that issue.
    There is another issue that I will continue on with, Mr. 
Forst, and this is the area of waste that I have been exposing 
through the misuse of government credit cards. In March, the 
Federal Government held about 4.6 million active purchase cards 
and accounts with $40 billion of spending on those cards last 
year. In recent years, this has included over 11,000 separate 
transactions at vendors or merchants that are known as high-
risk merchants. Those high-risk merchants include casinos, 
nightclubs, bars, places of that nature, and I cannot really 
see where we can justify government credit cards being used in 
those types of establishments. I do not know what kind of 
government work is going on there.
    Mr. Forst, there are some definite improvements to GSA's 
Smart Pay program that I think we could implement. But what are 
you thinking we could do to make that situation better and 
monitor those cards better for our taxpayers?
    Mr. Forst. Senator Ernst, thank you very much for the 
question. Thanks for your support on the disposition of Federal 
real estate, as well. We will need your help.
    In terms of credit cards, in terms of other procurement 
activities that flow through the agency, there is a tremendous 
volume in dollars and numbers of transactions, and we have to 
do our best to make sure we have our arms around that data, and 
then how we scrub that data and how we look at what is 
appropriate and not what people want to do but what people 
really need to do with those kinds of programs.
    I think this also falls into the category, Senator, of risk 
management, which is for all these activities what are risks 
that we identify, which ones can we absorb, which ones can we 
mitigate, and which ones should we eliminate, and not be 
surprised because there are risks that hit us that we had not 
thought about.
    Your thoughts, your papers, meetings with all the members 
of the Senate, we are very open to taking suggestions and 
learning from this, and applying that and providing updates, as 
well, on the progress we make toward that. It is not a one-and-
done exercise. It is something we have to be robust about from 
the start, and we have to continue, maintain, and feed that 
process.
    Senator Ernst. No, absolutely, and I look forward to 
working with you on that. We have also identified a number of 
former Federal employees that have left government employment 
and take their credit cards with them, and they still use them. 
I have introduced the Deactivating and Eliminating Cards Linked 
to Inactive or Nonexistent Employees (DECLINE) Act, and with 
that we would ensure that charge cards are promptly deactivated 
once those employees are leaving government service. I have 
talked to other vendors in the credit card space and they have 
talked about various trigger mechanisms where if you use those 
cards at those high-risk merchants they would be declined on 
those sites.
    I think there are a number of easy ways that we can wrap 
our arms around this and make sure that taxpayer dollars are 
not being spent for personnel that should not be spending those 
dollars and maybe inappropriately using those dollars.
    Mr. Moring, in the minute that I have left, I have 
introduced the Cost Openness and Spending Transparency (COST) 
Act that would require a price tag to be attached to all 
Pentagon research and development (R&D) projects supported with 
taxpayer dollars, and it was included in the Fiscal Year (FY) 
2021 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). So it is law 
now. However, despite that, the Pentagon has not implemented 
it, so they are not following the law. It makes no sense that 
the Pentagon is often ignoring the various threats that are 
posed out there by collaborating with, or even financing 
research and institutions with links to China. Then they over-
classify documents and not disclose that spending information, 
to keep the taxpayers in the dark.
    Will the Office of Inspector General (OIG) make it a 
priority to ensure China is getting less access to Pentagon 
secrets and American citizens are getting more access?
    Mr. Moring. Senator, if confirmed, the Department's 
Inspector General will exercise oversight over the policy 
implementation that you have incorporated into statute.
    Senator Ernst. Thank you. It is law, so we are very hopeful 
that we can followup on that.
    I thank you, Mr. Chair.
    Chairman Paul. Senator Blumenthal.

            OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR BLUMENTHAL

    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Thank you all for 
your being here today and your commitment to public service.
    Mr. D'Esposito, the position of Inspector General should be 
above politics, should be insulated from politics, should be 
independent and objective, and that goes for all of the 
positions of Inspector General. I am eager to have your 
commitment that you will not be a candidate for Congress in the 
Fourth Congressional District in the next election.
    Mr. D'Esposito. Right now, Senator, my focus is on being 
confirmed to serve as Inspector General of the United States 
Labor Department.
    Senator Blumenthal. I know that is your focus now, as you 
sit here, but I am asking for your commitment that you won't be 
a candidate.
    Mr. D'Esposito. Senator, with all due respect, as of today 
my focus is to be confirmed as Inspector General of the U.S. 
Labor Department.
    Senator Blumenthal. Well, here is why----
    Mr. D'Esposito. Having discussions about the future are 
questions that I cannot answer.
    Senator Blumenthal. Here is why I am concerned about it. I 
have before me ads that were placed, apparently on behalf of 
D'Esposito for Congress.\1\ That is your campaign committee, is 
it not?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\The flyer submitted by Senator Blumenthal appears in the 
Appendix on page 365.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Mr. D'Esposito. It is.
    Senator Blumenthal. They are screenshots from your website 
on October 22, 2025. I am holding them up. You can probably see 
them and you are familiar with them, I am sure. They are your 
website. They are for your congressional committee, which 
apparently is ongoing.
    Mr. D'Esposito. My website is still active, but there has 
not been any fundraising or anything done with the committee.
    Senator Blumenthal. On September 19th, in the issue of 5 
Towns Jewish Times, you placed an ad, or your congressional 
committee did, on the occasion of Rosh Hashanah, wishing 
everyone Shana Tova. That ad was on behalf of your campaign 
committee, was it not?
    Mr. D'Esposito. I will have to check with my campaign.
    Senator Blumenthal. You will have to check with your 
campaign?
    It is here. How can you sit here and tell us that your 
focus is only on the IG position when you have an active 
campaign committee, you are placing ads, you are offering 
people lawn signs? That sounds like a campaign to me.
    Mr. D'Esposito. The campaign website that is still active 
is not being updated. It is not being used. There is no 
fundraising being done. There is not an active campaign being--
--
    Senator Blumenthal. When is the last contribution made to 
your campaign committee?
    Mr. D'Esposito. I would assume before the New Year.
    Senator Blumenthal. Before the New Year?
    Mr. D'Esposito. I am not certain, but I have not done any 
active fundraising at all.
    Senator Blumenthal. But you are still accept campaign 
contributions, are you not?
    Mr. D'Esposito. I am not accepting them.
    Senator Blumenthal. You are turning them away?
    Mr. D'Esposito. I am not aware of any campaign 
contributions.
    Senator Blumenthal. In an interview in Newsday, on October 
8th, you were asked whether you would be a candidate, and you 
declined to say. Correct?
    Mr. D'Esposito. Yes.
    Senator Blumenthal. Let me ask you, there was an Ethics 
Committee investigation ongoing when you were defeated and left 
Congress last time. Was that Ethics Committee investigation 
concluded?
    Mr. D'Esposito. It was dismissed, yes.
    Senator Blumenthal. It was dismissed?
    Mr. D'Esposito. Yes.
    Senator Blumenthal. It was concluded and the complaints 
were dismissed.
    Mr. D'Esposito. Yes.
    Senator Blumenthal. Let me ask Mr. Kirk. The SBA, on its 
website, had a special announcement which consisted, in part, 
of saying--and I am holding it up, screenshot--``Senate 
Democrats voted to block a clean Federal funding bill, H.R. 
5371, leading to a government shutdown that is preventing the 
U.S. Small Business Administration from serving America's 36 
million small businesses.'' That is a clear violation of the 
Hatch Act and the anti-lobbying law. Would you agree?
    Mr. Kirk. Thank you, Senator, for the question. The Hatch 
Act is overseen by the Office of Special Counsel. It is not 
within the jurisdiction of the Office of the Inspector General.
    Senator Blumenthal. I am asking you to investigate an 
illegality within the SBA. Will you commit to do it?
    Mr. Kirk. Thank you, Senator. I will commit to working with 
you and your staff to investigate concerns and allegations, and 
if I am privileged to take on that role as the Inspector 
General I will work with you and your staff.
    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you.
    Chairman Paul. Senator Moody.

               OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR MOODY

    Senator Moody. Thank you, Senator Paul, and thank you to 
the nominees for being here today. I appreciate it.
    Oftentimes in these hearings we have a lot of, I will call 
them drive-by insults and accusations with very little 
followup. I think it is important that we give nominees a 
chance to either explain a prior statement or give an opinion 
as to how they would proceed if they are, in fact, confirmed. I 
want to start with Mr. D'Esposito.
    It was said by the Ranking Member that in your opening 
statement that you said that you would work to implement 
President Trump's agenda, or something to that extent. I 
actually went back and pulled your opening statement, because 
that concerned me. An inspector general very much ensures that 
the agency is working above board and in compliance with laws 
and ethics, et cetera, et cetera, and that would be a primary 
responsibility.
    I actually went back and looked at your opening statement, 
and you did, in fact, commend President Trump for making 
something clear, that government exists to serve the people, 
not itself. That is one of the reasons I agreed to come up here 
and be a Senator. I am one of the newest United States 
Senators, and I believe wholly that people need to have a trust 
that their government, that D.C., is working in their interest, 
that it is not working to promote itself or the people within 
it.
    I sat here shocked as I listened to another colleague say, 
``Will you make sure that this government doesn't turn on its 
own people?'' I am thinking to myself, since I have been here 
as a United States Senator, we have discovered, under the last 
administration, we were surveilling United States Senators, and 
in fact, turning agencies, I would submit in many instances 
unjustifiably so, against people who may have actually 
questioned our election integrity. As a people, we should have 
the right to ask questions. It is our government.
    I commend you for saying and reaffirming that government 
exists to serve the people, not itself, and I saw, within your 
opening statement, that you said that you want to put that 
mission forward, that government exists to serve the people 
through the work of the Office of Inspector General.
    Just briefly, because I do not have a lot of time, would 
you like to comment on that and clarify what might have been 
accused against you?
    Mr. D'Esposito. First of all, Senator, thank you for the 
question, and it was one that was also referenced in our first 
hearing in the Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) 
Committee, and that is President Trump has a vision to rein in 
the Golden Age of the American worker. I do not believe that is 
partisan. I do not believe creating the fiercest, strongest 
military is partisan. I think that all should be American, and 
that is what I believe in working hard.
    Senator Moody. As Inspector General, do you believe it is 
your job to ensure that the people working for that agency are 
indeed following the ethical guidelines and the law of the 
United States and certainly the agency?
    Mr. D'Esposito. Absolutely. It is same oath that I took 
when I was a New York City police detective I take very 
seriously, as did my grandfather, who fought in World War II, 
and my dad, who actually fought in Vietnam.
    Senator Moody. Thank you. I now want to turn to, along that 
line of making sure this government is working for the people, 
I commend this President, all of the people he has put in place 
to return this to a nation under a rule of law, indeed, the law 
of the people. The law of the United States is the people's 
law. Though we want to create all of these narratives around 
the United States and what is playing out on television (TV), 
what looks like cesspools of chaos, whether it is Portland or 
Chicago, as people are coming out and sometimes obstructing or 
attacking or assaulting Federal law enforcement officers that 
are trying to comply with the people's law, it is as if they 
are giving the finger to the people's will. I commend the 
agencies for surging resources to restore law and order and 
indeed safety in our communities.
    But law enforcement officers can only do so much, and for 
our system to work we have to have good judges that will follow 
the law and that will not, in some aim to either satisfy some 
personal bias or to achieve some radical agenda of partisan 
ends, ignore the law. We have to have judges in order to have 
security to take what is presented to them and then follow the 
law, and when appropriate under the law, impose a sentence for 
a crime that is committed when there is a conviction.
    And real quick to our judges, our associate judges that are 
nominated, will you commit to following the people's law and 
making sure that the judicial branch can be respected, because 
you are judges applying the law, as the people intended, and 
not subverting the integrity of the judicial institution by 
implementing your own will?
    I will just go down the line. We will start with you, Mr. 
Trong.
    Mr. Truong. I do.
    Senator Moody. Ms. Suttenberg?
    Ms. Suttenberg. Yes, Senator.
    Senator Moody. Mr. Richard?
    Mr. Rickard. Yes, Senator.
    Senator Moody. Thank you, Mr. Chair.
    Chairman Paul. Senator Hassan.

              OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR HASSAN

    Senator Hassan. Thank you, Chair Paul, and thank you, 
Ranking Member Peters, for holding this important hearing. To 
all of the nominees, thank you for your willingness to serve. 
Congratulations to your families, as well.
    I will followup where Senator Moody was going. It is a 
question I now ask in every hearing involving nominations and 
it is a straightforward one. Representative D'Esposito, I have 
asked you this and other questions at your prior hearing, but I 
would like you to please answer again today with the other 
nominees.
    For Mr. Forst, Mr. Arrington, Mr. Kirk, Mr. Moring, and 
Representative D'Esposito, if directed by the President to take 
action that would break the law, would you follow the law or 
follow the President's directive? Mr. Moring, we will start 
with you.
    Mr. Moring. Senator, I do not think I would ever be put in 
that position.
    Senator Hassan. Let us be clear before everybody else says 
that. It is a simple answer. Will you follow the law if you are 
put in that position? Senator Peters referenced the decision 
about the illegal firings of the IGs that this President did, 
and I just want to be clear because a number of you kind of 
hesitated and said it is under appeal. It is not. The court 
found that that was an illegal firing. There is nothing under 
appeal because the court also decided not to reinstate the IGs 
who were illegally fired because he concluded, or the judge 
concluded, that the President would then fire them under the 
legal process. The only thing at issue is back pay.
    That is an example of this President of the United States 
breaking the law. If you are instructed to break the law by the 
President, will you follow the law or follow the President's 
directive? Mr. Moring.
    Mr. Moring. Senator, realizing that is a hypothetical, I 
will never do anything in my office, if confirmed, that is 
illegal or immoral.
    Senator Hassan. So you will follow the law. I want a yes or 
no.
    Mr. Moring. I will follow the law.
    Senator Hassan. Now, Representative D'Esposito.
    Mr. D'Esposito. I believe President Trump is a man of 
integrity, and I don't believe that his or his Administration 
would ever ask us to break, or me, to break the law.
    Senator Hassan. Are you going to follow the law?
    Mr. D'Esposito. I would always, as I have done in my 
career, follow the law.
    Senator Hassan. Your answer defies the factual record. But 
Mr. Kirk, go ahead.
    Mr. Kirk. Thank you, Senator, for the question. I also 
believe I would not be asked that question or put in that 
position, but I can always commit to, as my colleagues have 
stated, to follow the law, the statutory obligations of the 
Inspector General to abide by the law, to fulfill the statute--
--
    Senator Hassan. I appreciate that. Mr. Arrington?
    Mr. Arrington. Yes. Thank you, Senator, for the question. I 
again pose that it would be a hypothetical, but as a veteran I 
have sworn an oath to the Constitution, and I would follow that 
no matter who told me to do an unlawful thing.
    Senator Hassan. Mr. Forst.
    Mr. Forst. Again, Senator, as we spoke yesterday, I do not 
expect to be asked that, but I will take an oath of office like 
you, and I will follow that oath of office.
    Senator Hassan. Let's just be clear. There is plenty on the 
factual record of this President of the United States not only 
breaking the law but instructing other people to break the law. 
So you might want to brush up on that.
    Now, let me turn to the nominees for judicial seats. Mr. 
Truong, Ms. Suttenberg, and Mr. Rickard, do you commit to 
applying the law fairly and independently, without favor or 
bias, and to reject any attempts by outside parties to 
influence you and the decisions you make? We will start with 
you, Mr. Truong.
    Mr. Truong. Senator, if I have the privilege to be 
confirmed as a judge, I am duty-bound to follow the law and the 
precedent set by----
    Senator Hassan. Just a yes or no, because I am running out 
of time. Yes?
    Mr. Truong. Yes.
    Senator Hassan. Ms. Suttenberg?
    Ms. Suttenberg. Yes.
    Mr. Rickard. Yes, Senator.
    Senator Hassan. Thank you. Now, to Mr. Kirk, Representative 
D'Esposito, and Mr. Moring, if confirmed, will you work in a 
transparent way to investigate conflicts of interest involving 
government officials? Again, yes or no. Mr. Kirk?
    Mr. Kirk. Thank you, Senator, for the question. I am 
committed to following----
    Senator Hassan. I need a yes or no because I am running out 
of time. Yes?
    Mr. Kirk. I will investigate conflicts of interest and 
appropriate matters----
    Senator Hassan. And will you do it in a transparent way? 
Yes or no.
    Mr. Kirk. In a transparent way, objective and independent.
    Senator Hassan. Representative D'Esposito?
    Mr. D'Esposito. Yes.
    Senator Hassan. Mr. Moring?
    Mr. Moring. Yes, I will, Senator.
    Senator Hassan. Gentlemen, could we have a little bit of 
order on the dais please? Thank you, the three of you, for your 
commitment. Recent reporting states that the President has two 
claims pending against the Department of Justice, in which he 
is asking the Department, part of his government staff with his 
handpicked people, to approve a payment of $230 million in 
taxpayer money to him. Even the President himself recognizes 
how absurd and inappropriate this conflict of interest is. This 
is what President Trump said--``I am the one that makes the 
decision, right? And you know, that decision would have to go 
across my desk, and it's awfully strange to make a decision 
where I am paying myself.''
    If confirmed as an Inspector General, if the President 
tried to authorize payments of taxpayer money to himself from 
your agency, would you investigate that as a conflict of 
interest? Mr. Kirk.
    Mr. Kirk. Thank you, Senator, for the question. I would, as 
I had mentioned previously, under my statutory responsibility, 
investigate all allegations of violations of law and conflicts 
of interest.
    Senator Hassan. Do you consider the President of the United 
States directing an agency that reports to him, or that he 
considers reporting to him, to pay him money a potential 
conflict of interest, or an actual conflict of interest?
    Mr. Kirk. I am not familiar with the facts of that matter. 
I am, as I said----
    Senator Hassan. I asked you to respond to a quote. I will 
move on to Congressman D'Esposito.
    Mr. D'Esposito. If confirmed, I will be an independent and 
an objective oversight through audits and investigations of the 
Department of Labor.
    Senator Hassan. If the President tried to authorize 
payments of taxpayer money to himself from your agency, would 
you investigate that as a conflict of interest? Yes or no.
    Mr. D'Esposito. I would be an independent and objective 
oversight for audits and investigations.
    Senator Hassan. Mr. Moring, yes or no.
    Mr. Moring. No. The Defense Department does not conduct 
oversight of the White House.
    Senator Hassan. That is extraordinarily disappointing.
    Chairman Paul. Senator Hawley.

              OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR HAWLEY

    Senator Hawley. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Congratulations to 
the nominees. Thank you all for being here. I want to start 
with you, Mr. Truong, Ms. Suttenberg, and Mr. Rickard. You have 
all been nominated--so they put you all right together, right 
in the middle--you have been nominated to the D.C. Superior 
Court.
    I just want to ask you a question or two about your 
judicial philosophy, and I want to start by referencing a 
picture that maybe will come up behind me.\1\ This was maybe a 
photo you have seen before. It is not a pleasant one. But it 
did occur right here in the district. This is Edward Coristine. 
Edward was 19 years old when this photo was taken. This is just 
from July of this year. He was a government employee at the 
time. This is in Logan Circle here in the district. He was out 
one evening, I think with his girlfriend, when he was attacked. 
He and his female friend both were attacked by a roving band of 
teenagers, who left him in this condition, beat him pretty 
badly, as you can see. He was able to get his female friend 
into the car and safe, and then turned and confronted the whole 
band of them himself. This is the condition he was left in.
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    \1\ The picture referenced by Senator Hawley appears in the 
Appendix on page 363.
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    It looks pretty violent to me. But when the assault 
assailants were taken before the D.C. Superior Court, the 
relevant judge, Judge Kendra Briggs, who I am sad to say was 
reported favorably out of this Committee, though, over my no 
vote, she gave the assailants zero prison time. What she said 
was the purpose of sentencing is ``not punishment''--that is a 
quote--``not punishment. It is rehabilitation.'' Apparently she 
thinks that allowing people who do that kind of thing to 19-
year-olds, allowing them to get off without any kind of 
punishment is rehabilitative. That is its own interesting 
question.
    But I want to ask you first, do you agree that the purpose 
of sentencing is not punishment but rehabilitation? I would 
like to hear from each of you on this. I think it is an 
important question. Mr. Truong, let's start with you.
    Mr. Truong. Thank you, Senator. My approach to sentencing 
is to consider the presentencing report of the defendants, the 
witness victim impact statement, the community's impact 
statement, any recommendations from the prosecutors and the----
    Senator Hawley. But what is the purpose of sentencing, in 
your words? What is your philosophy?
    Mr. Truong. My approach to sentencing is to consider all 
the facts, apply the law, and to impose a sentence that 
reflects the seriousness of the crime.
    Senator Hawley. Do you think that punishment is an 
appropriate aspect of sentencing?
    Mr. Truong. That is one factor to consider within the 
context of the approach to sentencing.
    Senator Hawley. Do you agree with Judge Biggs that the 
purpose of sentencing is not punishment but rehabilitation?
    Mr. Truong. Senator, I appear in court so many times that I 
have the reflex of referring to those in the honorific title.
    Senator, I do not have all the information that Judge 
Briggs had in front of her, and I need to be circumspect in my 
response because judicial canons counsel that as a judicial 
nominee I should refrain from commenting on issues that may 
appear before me.
    Senator Hawley. I am not asking you to comment on this 
case. This case is over. You are not going to have this case. I 
am not asking you about her. I am asking you about you. I want 
to know what your judicial philosophy is. My question is, would 
you agree that the purpose of sentencing is not punishment but 
rehabilitation? That framing is pretty stark. Not punishment 
but rehabilitation. Do you think that is right?
    Mr. Truong. My sentencing philosophy is to impose a 
sentence that reflects the seriousness of the crimes and the 
imposed consequences that are deserved within the context of 
studying the facts and applying the law to the facts.
    Senator Hawley. OK. I wish you would be a little 
circumspect. Ms. Suttenberg, go ahead.
    Ms. Suttenberg. Thank you, Senator. I cannot speak to that 
particular case given that there are still criminal cases 
pending. But I will say that I spent my career as a prosecutor 
fighting crime, and I am certainly committed to ensuring that 
there are accountability structures in place as a judge, both 
for juveniles and for adults.
    When it comes to sentencing, I think that there are 
important goals of sentencing: retribution, deterrence, 
incapacitation, rehabilitation. Given the severity of the 
crime, I think you have to look to what is going to serve the 
interest of judge in any particular case, and there could be 
different goals, sort of depending on----
    Senator Hawley. Let me just ask you this. Shouldn't keeping 
the public safe be a major goal of sentencing?
    Ms. Suttenberg. Yes.
    Senator Hawley. Shouldn't keeping violent offenders off of 
our streets be a goal of sentencing?
    Ms. Suttenberg. I absolutely agree there should be.
    Senator Hawley. OK. Good. Mr. Rickard, what about you?
    Mr. Rickard. Yes, Senator, thank you. I would follow the 
law of the District of Columbia, which requires considering a 
number of factors, including the seriousness of the offense and 
imposing a sentence that reflects the seriousness of the 
offense and the criminal history of the offender, a sentence 
that provides sufficient deterrence, both specific deterrence 
for the individual offender and general deterrence to the 
community, and the third factor does consider rehabilitation. 
But that is just one of the three factors that has to be 
considered.
    Senator Hawley. Last question, Mr. Chair. Do you agree that 
protecting the public and getting violent offenders off the 
streets is an important goal of sentencing?
    Mr. Rickard. Yes. I think that is the deterrence that I 
just mentioned. Specific deterrence is making sure that someone 
who has committed a violent crime and is likely to do so again 
would not do so.
    Senator Hawley. I will have some more questions for those 
of the rest of you on the panel. I am sure you are very 
disappointed I did not get to ask you any. Congratulations 
again on your nominations.
    Chairman Paul. Thank you. We have had some discussion about 
the necessity for independence of particularly the Inspectors 
General, obviously of Judges, to be free of partisanship. It is 
incredibly important. I do not want to downplay that at all. 
But we also have to accept you at your word. If you say you are 
going to be impartial, we either believe you or we do not 
believe you. If they choose not to believe you, that is one 
thing, but I think your comments should be treated with 
respect.
    I am a big fan of the inspector general program, and I will 
give you just one example of where we learned something 
incredibly important. It was from the Defense Inspector 
General. During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), it became 
aware that there was a lot of facts pointing toward that the 
virus may have come from a lab in Wuhan and not from a wet 
market, not from animals. But one of the biggest things we got 
was from a whistleblower, a lieutenant colonel, who came 
forward and he said, you know what? The people, the lab that 
was close to the wet market, where people are saying it might 
have come from, they submitted a proposal to Defense Advanced 
Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in 2018, called DEFUSE, and it 
looked a lot like what the virus became. They were talking 
about creating a virus with a certain cleavage site to enter 
the cells, which was unusual in coronaviruses, and then, lo and 
behold, the same people proposing that two years before did not 
get the money, but then this research project was hidden. But 
people said it was a smoking gun and it pointed heavily toward 
the lab in Wuhan. We only heard about it through an Inspector 
General.
    It is important that that Inspector General did not look at 
it as, oh, I am going to protect President Trump, or I am going 
to protect President Biden. It is the truth, so it is 
incredibly important. I hope all of you will take that into 
account.
    Same with the judges. We have gone through four years of 
lawfare, where President Trump has been attacked repeatedly, 
where they have changed the law so they can go after him, where 
they have said, well, there was a statute of limitations on the 
claim of the one woman in New York. They just changed the 
statute of limitations. They took and bundled records 
complaints, and bundled 30 of them and made them all into 
felonies. They did things with the law that ultimately were 
rebuked by the public.
    It does take a lot of gall then to have them come forward 
and lecture us and lecture Republican nominees about how you 
are going to be impartial. I want you to be, though. I do not 
want you to go back and say, oh, this is my time for 
retribution against the other side. I want you all to be bigger 
than that. There are probably very few in the Senate who are as 
ecumenical and as even-handed as I am. I have not always been 
apologizing for the President. In fact, I am one of the 
Republicans who has been unafraid to criticize the President on 
policy, more than anybody else.
    But the thing is that we do expect that in our civil 
servants. Mr. Moring, can you comment on how you would approach 
the job as an impartial judge and as an Inspector General?
    Mr. Moring. Yes, Senator. My background is being a law 
clerk to a Federal judge, where I had to give the Judge my best 
independent legal advice. I worked for the Department of 
Justice as a trial lawyer, investigating customs fraud, and my 
job there was to provide independent advice to the Attorney 
General with regard to those prosecutions. In my role as legal 
counsel to the General Counsel at the Department of Defense, 
again my job was to give the best independent legal advice I 
could to benefit the Department. In private practice, again I 
had to give opinions to clients that they did not want to hear.
    I feel that this background, also my military background as 
a lieutenant colonel and having to work through the problems in 
Afghanistan, I have made a career of independent legal advice.
    Chairman Paul. I think people in the military, particularly 
rising to that rank, have a long history in the military of 
trying to treat things objectively and not bring religion or 
politics into things.
    Mr. D'Esposito, you have been a politician so you have seen 
both sides of it. You have seen the barbs and the unfair 
accusations, and everybody on both sides has done that. Are you 
willing and able, and will you pledge not to be a politician, 
to be an Inspector General and to evaluate things? I guess you 
said you were also a policeman?
    Mr. D'Esposito. Yes, Mr. Chair. Thank you for the question. 
I have spent most of my adult life in the public service world. 
I am a 26-year member of the Volunteer Fire Department back 
home, where I served as chief from 2009 to 2016. I was the 
incident commander during Hurricane Sandy, and my community was 
one of the hardest hit on the East Coast.
    When we responded to the hundreds of thousands of calls 
during that time and during my time as a firefighter and chief, 
never once did political ideology come in place. I served 16 
years in the New York City Police Department, some of it as a 
cop and then promoted to detective. I left the department, or 
retired from the department with over close to 700 arrests, 
over 50 medals for meritorious and excellent police duty. I 
dismantled gangs. I took hundreds of guns off the street. I 
removed poison from communities to make them safer, made 
arrests for bribery. Never once was it politically motivated.
    Then I came to Congress, and I was named one of the most 
bipartisan members of the 118th Congress.
    Chairman Paul. I appreciate your service and I take you at 
your word. We will hopefully see good service from you that is 
objective.
    Mr. D'Esposito. Thank you.
    Chairman Paul. With that, that concludes our hearing.\1\ 
Thank you all for coming today.\2\ The nominees have filed\3\ 
responses to biographical and financial questions.\4\ They have 
answered pre-hearing questions.\5\ They have also submitted 
opening statements.\6\ Everything has been reviewed\7\ by the 
Office of Government Ethics.\8\
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    \1\ The information of Mr. Forst appears in the Appendix on page 
33.
    \2\ The information of Mr. Arrington appears in the Appendix on 
page 114.
    \3\ The information of Mr. Troung appears in the Appendix on page 
166.
    \4\ The information of Ms. Suttenberg appears in the Appendix on 
page 192.
    \5\ The information of Mr. Rickard appears in the Appendix on page 
224.
    \6\ The information of Mr. Kirk appears in the Appendix on page 
249.
    \7\ The information of Mr. D'Esposito appears in the Appendix on 
page 285.
    \8\ The information of Mr. Moring appears in the Appendix on page 
329.
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    Additionally, the Committee has received letters of support 
for the nominees. All of this will be made part of the record. 
Without objection, this information will be made part of the 
hearing record, and with the exception of the nominees' 
financial data, which are on file in the Committee.
    The hearing record will remain open until noon tomorrow, 
October 24th. The hearing is adjourned. Thank you all.
    [Whereupon, at 11:04 a.m., the hearing was adjourned.]

                            A P P E N D I X

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