[Senate Hearing 119-207]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                                                        S. Hrg. 119-207

                     NOMINATION OF HOWARD LUTNICK,
                        NOMINEE TO BE SECRETARY,
                      U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

=======================================================================

                                HEARING

                               BEFORE THE

                         COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE,
                      SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION
                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                             FIRST SESSION

                               __________

                            JANUARY 29, 2025

                               __________

    Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                             Transportation
                             
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                Available online: http://www.govinfo.gov
                
                                __________

                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
61-929 PDF                  WASHINGTON : 2025                  
          
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       SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                             FIRST SESSION

                       TED CRUZ, Texas, Chairman
JOHN THUNE, South Dakota             MARIA CANTWELL, Washington, 
ROGER WICKER, Mississippi                Ranking
DEB FISCHER, Nebraska                AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota
JERRY MORAN, Kansas                  BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii
DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska                 EDWARD MARKEY, Massachusetts
MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee          GARY PETERS, Michigan
TODD YOUNG, Indiana                  TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin
TED BUDD, North Carolina             TAMMY DUCKWORTH, Illinois
ERIC SCHMITT, Missouri               JACKY ROSEN, Nevada
JOHN CURTIS, Utah                    BEN RAY LUJAN, New Mexico
BERNIE MORENO, Ohio                  JOHN HICKENLOOPER, Colorado
TIM SHEEHY, Montana                  JOHN FETTERMAN, Pennsylvania
SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West Virginia  ANDY KIM, New Jersey
CYNTHIA LUMMIS, Wyoming              LISA BLUNT ROCHESTER, Delaware
                 Brad Grantz, Republican Staff Director
           Nicole Christus, Republican Deputy Staff Director
                     Liam McKenna, General Counsel
                   Lila Harper Helms, Staff Director
                 Melissa Porter, Deputy Staff Director
                     Jonathan Hale, General Counsel
                            
                            C O N T E N T S

                              ----------                              
                                                                   Page
Hearing held on January 29, 2025.................................     1
Statement of Senator Cruz........................................     1
    Letter dated January 2, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Heidi Brock, President and Chief Executive 
      Officer, American Forest & Paper Association...............   100
    Letter dated January 21, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Nick Catino, Global Head of Policy, Deel.....   101
    Letter dated January 22, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz from Todd 
      Schlekeway, President and CEO, NATE: The Communications 
      Infrastructure Contractors Association.....................   102
    Letter dated January 24, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Mat Dunn, Senior Director, Global Business 
      and Government Afairs, SpaceX..............................   102
    Letter dated January 24, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Grant Spellmeyer, President and CEO, ACA 
      Connects--America's Communications Association.............   103
    Letter dated January 24, 2025 to the Senators from Heather R. 
      Higgins, CEO, Independent Women's Voice. and Carrie Lukas, 
      Vice President, Independent Women's Voice..................   103
    Letter dated January 27, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz from Chet 
      Thompson, President and CEO, American Fuel & Petrochemical 
      Manufacturers..............................................   104
    Letter dated January 27, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz from Mike 
      Sommers, President and CEO, American Petroleum Institute...   104
    Letter dated January 27, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and 
      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Dave Cavossa, President, 
      Commercial Space Federation................................   105
    Letter dated January 27, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Meredith Attwell Baker, CTIA--The Wireless 
      Association................................................   105
    Letter dated January 27, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Philip K. Bell, President, Steel 
      Manufacturers Association..................................   106
    Letter dated January 27, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Shirley Bloomfield, Chief Executive Officer, 
      NTCA--The Rural Broadband Association......................   107
    Letter dated January 27, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Jonathan Spalter, President and Chief 
      Executive Officer, USTelecom--The Broadband Association....   108
    Letter dated January 27, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz from Robert S 
      Fisher, SVP, Federal Government Relations & Public Affairs, 
      Verizon....................................................   108
    Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Kevin W. Keane, President and CEO, American 
      Beverage Association.......................................   109
    Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Chis Jahn, President and CEO, American 
      Chemistry Council..........................................   109
    Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Commerce Committee from 
      Nathan Leamer, Executive Director, Digital First Project...   110
    Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Jonathan Samford, President and CEO, Global 
      Business Alliance..........................................   110
    Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from American Sportfishing Association, BoatUS, 
      Bonefish & Tarpon Trust, Center for Sportfishing Policy, 
      Coastal Conservation Association, International Game Fish 
      Association, Marine Retailers Association of the Americas, 
      and National Marine Manufacturers Association..............   111
    Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Tom Stroup, President, Satellite Industry 
      Association................................................   112
    Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Morgan Reed, President, ACT | The App 
      Association................................................   112
    Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from David French, Executive Vice President, 
      Government Relations, National Retail Federation...........   113
    Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Carl Holshouser, Executive Vice President, 
      TechNet....................................................   114
    Letter dated January 29, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Craig Albright, Senior Vice President, 
      Business Software Alliance.................................   115
    Letter dated January 29, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Clay Mowry, CEO, American Institute of 
      Aeronautics and Astronautics...............................   115
    Letter dated January 29, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Brian Pomper, Executive Director, Innovation 
      Alliance...................................................   116
    Letter dated January 29, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria 
      Cantwell from Michael K. Powell, President and CEO, NCTA--
      The Internet & Television Association......................   118
    Prepared Statement from Alliance for the Future..............   118
    Letter to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria Cantwell from Chief Al 
      Gillespie (Ret), President, PSBTA..........................   119
    Letter to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria Cantwell from Edward 
      G. Atsinger III, Cofounder/Executive Chairman of the Board, 
      Salem Media Group; and David P. Santrella, Chief Executive 
      Officer, Salem Media Group.................................   119
Statement of Senator Cantwell....................................     2
Statement of Senator Thune.......................................     4
Statement of Senator Klobuchar...................................    50
Statement of Senator Wicker......................................    52
Statement of Senator Schatz......................................    54
Statement of Senator Fischer.....................................    55
Statement of Senator Baldwin.....................................    57
Statement of Senator Moran.......................................    59
Statement of Senator Markey......................................    61
Statement of Senator Sullivan....................................    62
Statement of Senator Peters......................................    64
Statement of Senator Blackburn...................................    66
Statement of Senator Duckworth...................................    67
Statement of Senator Young.......................................    69
Statement of Senator Rosen.......................................    71
Statement of Senator Budd........................................    73
Statement of Senator Kim.........................................    75
Statement of Senator Schmitt.....................................    76
Statement of Senator Blunt Rochester.............................    78
Statement of Senator Sheehy......................................    80
Statement of Senator Lujan.......................................    82
Statement of Senator Curtis......................................    84
Statement of Senator Hickenlooper................................    86
Statement of Senator Lummis......................................    88
Statement of Senator Moreno......................................    89

                               Witnesses

Hon. J. D. Vance, Vice President of the United States............     5
Howard Lutnick, Nominee to be Secretary, U.S. Department of 
  Commerce.......................................................     7
    Prepared statement...........................................     9
    Biographical information.....................................    10

                                Appendix

Response to written questions submitted to Howard Lutnick by:
    Hon. Roger Wicker............................................   121
    Hon. Jerry Moran.............................................   123
    Hon. Tim Sheehy..............................................   128
    Hon. Dan Sullivan............................................   129
    Hon. Todd Young..............................................   134
    Hon. Ted Budd................................................   135
    Hon. Eric Schmitt............................................   136
    Hon. Shelley Moore Capito....................................   137
    Hon. Maria Cantwell..........................................   138
    Hon. Amy Klobuchar...........................................   153
    Hon. Edward Markey...........................................   154
    Hon. Gary Peters.............................................   156
    Hon. Tammy Baldwin...........................................   159
    Hon. Tammy Duckworth.........................................   161
    Hon. Jacky Rosen.............................................   162
    Hon. Ben Ray Lujan...........................................   162
    Hon. John Hickenlooper.......................................   163
    Hon. John Fetterman..........................................   167
    Hon. Lisa Blunt Rochester....................................   168

 
                     NOMINATION OF HOWARD LUTNICK,
                        NOMINEE TO BE SECRETARY,
                      U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

                              ----------                              


                      WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 29, 2025

                                       U.S. Senate,
        Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
                                                    Washington, DC.
    The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:18 a.m., in 
room SR-253, Russell Senate Office Building, Hon. Ted Cruz, 
Chairman of the Committee, presiding.
    Present: Senators Cruz [presiding], Thune, Wicker, Fischer, 
Moran, Sullivan, Blackburn, Young, Budd, Schmitt, Curtis, 
Moreno, Sheehy, Lummis, Cantwell, Klobuchar, Schatz, Markey, 
Peters, Baldwin, Duckworth, Rosen, Lujan, Hickenlooper, Kim, 
and Blunt Rochester.

              OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. TED CRUZ, 
                    U.S. SENATOR FROM TEXAS

    The Chairman. I just want to make the Chairman of the 
Senate Armed Services Committee feel at home. I figure things 
that go bang, naturally make him feel welcome.
    Good morning, everyone. Welcome. The Senate Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation will come to order.
    Today, we are considering the nomination of Howard Lutnick 
to be the next Secretary of Commerce. Mr. Lutnick, 
congratulations on this important nomination. I know there are 
many members of this committee that are interested in hearing 
from you today.
    As Secretary of Commerce, Mr. Lutnick will be responsible 
not only for implementing major aspects of President Trump's 
agenda, but also effectively and efficiently carrying out some 
of the most sweeping laws Congress has passed in the last few 
years, like the CHIPS and Science Act. Mr. Lutnick is well 
qualified to accomplish this mission.
    Mr. Lutnick's story embodies the American spirit of 
resilience and achievement. The son of a history professor and 
an artist, Mr. Lutnick was born and raised in New York. He lost 
both of his parents by the time he was 18, and he put himself 
through Haverford College, with the help of a generous 
scholarship from the school. Immediately after graduating, he 
started at Cantor Fitzgerald, one of the world's leading 
financial services firms, becoming its Chairman at just 35 
years old.
    On September 11, 2001, terrorists killed Mr. Lutnick's 
brother, Gary, and 658 Cantor Fitzgerald employees, who were 
working on five floors in the North Tower of the World Trade 
Center. It was the largest loss of life among any single 
organization on that tragic day. In the wake of that tragedy, 
Mr. Lutnick not only rebuilt the company, but he grew it into a 
powerhouse, with operations in more than 60 offices in 20 
countries and over 13,000 employees.
    Mr. Lutnick has also given back in incredible ways. For 
five years following the 9/11 attacks, he ensured the families 
of the Cantor Fitzgerald employees who were killed received 25 
percent of the company's profits.
    He still donates his time today as a member of the Board of 
Directors of the National September 11 Memorial and Museum. He 
also served on the board of Haverford College for over 20 years 
and made generous gifts to the school, including an athletic 
center, in honor of his brother and friend who died on 9/11, 
and an art gallery, in honor of his mother who was an artist.
    Over the next few years, the Department will be leading on 
key issues, such as export controls of emerging technologies, 
keeping the Gulf open for oil and gas exploration, expanding 
commercial access to mid-band spectrum, and ensuring America's 
leadership in AI innovation and commercial space, and helping 
lead the resurgence of manufacturing in America.
    My home state of Texas, as well as the rest of the nation, 
will benefit from Mr. Lutnick's leadership on all these fronts. 
I look forward to hearing from Mr. Lutnick on these and other 
topics.
    And I now turn to Ranking Member Cantwell for her opening 
statement.

               STATEMENT OF HON. MARIA CANTWELL, 
                  U.S. SENATOR FROM WASHINGTON

    Senator Cantwell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I would like 
to associate myself with your remarks because they are very 
similar to the ones that I was going to make as it relates to 
the charge of a Commerce Secretary. Mr. Lutnick, welcome today. 
We look forward to hearing your testimony. Welcome to your 
family. And as Senator Cruz says, you have a very compelling 
story. As I expressed when I met you, your resiliency as an 
individual is truly amazing.
    The Secretary of Commerce has the vital responsibility and 
a very broad mission agency with lots of complex issues that 
affect many sectors of the economy. That is the challenge here. 
And as my colleague just mentioned, one of those, top of the 
list, is the Bureau of Industry and Security, which implements 
export control on dual-use technology for both commercial and 
military or proliferation applications.
    So this responsibility just got a lot bigger yesterday when 
we saw an announcement from China that took $600 billion out of 
the valuation of a leading American company overnight. The 
issue of export controls and this organization, BIS, within the 
Department of Commerce, is going to be a very big issue for 
you.
    I want to say that I very much appreciate the former 
Commerce Secretary, Secretary Raimondo. I think she really was 
a standout in implementing the policies that Senator Cruz just 
mentioned, but also in trying to build consensus among the 
private sector of how to deal with these export issues. I hope 
you will follow that lead.
    But in addition to this AI challenge that we face, the 
President, in his January 20, 2025, memorandum on America First 
trade policy, directs you, the Secretary of Commerce, to work 
with the Secretary of State on the review of those export 
controls and to advise on modifications in light of 
developments with strategic adversaries and geopolitical 
rivals. So an additional, if you will, a nod to the President 
as saying that Howard Lutnick is the guy that has to determine 
these export control issues.
    Vital agreements between, I think, the Department of 
Commerce and the private sector to ensure a vital advanced 
semiconductor manufacturing sector returns to the United States 
as soon as possible is a big priority for this committee. I am 
glad to hear that Chairman Cruz mentioned it, because states 
like Texas, Ohio, Arizona, New York, and many others on the 
applications of grants through the Department of Commerce are 
counting on that continued support to make sure that this 
agenda gets done, that we are bringing the manufacturing supply 
chain of semiconductors and semiconductor advanced chips, back 
to the United States as fast as possible. So we look forward to 
hearing your comments on that.
    You'll also oversee the National Telecommunications and 
Information Administration, charged by Congress to manage 
spectrum sharing across all government agencies. The two people 
to my left, Senator Klobuchar and Senator Thune, I cannot think 
of two bigger leaders on the 5G, 6G, how is it going to get 
done, and when is it going to get done. But you will be tasked 
with that very difficult challenge and negotiating between NTIA 
and DoD, and our international efforts at the world radio 
spectrum.
    You will also oversee the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration, 60 percent of the Commerce budget. I will never 
forget in a hearing, Mr. Chairman, when then-Secretary of 
Commerce Ron Brown said, ``I am the Secretary of Commerce. I 
oversee maritime and shipping and transportation and technology 
and telecom. But I guarantee you if a Member of Congress is 
calling me, he is calling me about fish.''
    [Laughter.]
    Senator Cantwell. And that says it all. Amen to that, as my 
colleague just said.
    So the point is, no matter all the busyness that you are 
now given by the President of the United States on these very 
important issues--and I would say, in my opinion, this is not 
the Secretary of Commerce of 20 years ago. No demeaning of the 
roles that they played for either administration, but the 
Secretary of Commerce today is now part of a critical 
consensus-building in a footrace of competition with China, and 
determining what those rules are going to be.
    And I do not believe that you can get there without the 
consensus bodybuilding that we did on CHIPS and Science. That 
exercise helped us. A lot of people might have thought we were 
just trying to pass an initiative. I was not. I was trying to 
respond to our Nation's competitive challenge, and I would have 
done anything to work together to make sure that that happened.
    And so you will be in charge of all of these things. Oh, 
and my colleague, the Chairman, mentioned space. I guarantee 
you there is a lot of work to be done in space, and you will be 
called to provide leadership with the new space office within 
the Department of Commerce.
    So the complexities, you are going to be a decision-maker 
on a lot of rules, which leads me to this next point.
    I am going to have a lot of questions about your 
involvement in the private sector. In the private sector, I am 
sure you played by the rules. We will ask you those questions. 
But the question is, you are going to be on the other side of 
the table now. You are going to be the rulemaker. So I am going 
to want to understand the issues of Tether, the issues of one-
to-one, the issues of how we set rules. Because I think the 
President also gave you a new responsibility as it related to 
the crypto rules. And I am a fan of blockchain technology and 
of crypto. I am a little more on the CFTC side than I am on the 
SEC side. But, in general, I believe that markets need rules, 
and I believe that people in your position are going to have to 
play an even larger leadership role. So those are the questions 
I will be asking.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    The Chairman. Thank you, and as demonstration that you are 
a Big Cheese, Mr. Lutnick, you are to be introduced by the Vice 
President of the United States, and as I am reliably informed, 
he is about 3 minutes out.
    So we are going to do something in the Senate we are quite 
familiar with, which is filibuster.
    [Laughter.]
    The Chairman. And I took the Chairman's prerogative to ask 
the Senate Majority Leader if he could fill three minutes with 
words of wisdom. So I recognize Senator Thune to say whatever 
the hell he wants.
    [Laughter.]

                 STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN THUNE, 
                 U.S. SENATOR FROM SOUTH DAKOTA

    Senator Thune. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I certainly cannot 
fill 3 minutes with words of wisdom. But as is true in the 
Senate, I can fill it with words. But let me just say 
congratulations, Mr. Lutnick. Welcome. We are excited to have 
you nominated for this important position. And as you shared in 
your--you will share, and as the Chairman shared, your very 
powerful and compelling life story. And it truly is an example 
of the American success story and somebody who has been able to 
live and pursue and experience the American dream in the midst 
of a lot of adversity along the way.
    So thank you for being here today and for your willingness 
to share your skill and your experience at a job that requires 
a lot of that.
    I hope that, and I expect you will touch on this today, one 
of the issues that we worked a lot on is spectrum. And 
obviously we need more spectrum, licensed and unlicensed. You 
will oversee the National Telecommunications and Information 
Administration, or NTIA, which is housed under the Department 
of Commerce, and manages the government's use of spectrum. And 
I look forward to working with you to ensure that the Federal 
Government is using spectrum efficiently and in a way that 
addresses the needs that we have for more commercial use in 
both licensed and unlicensed technologies.
    I expect you to address the NTIA Broadband Equity, Access, 
and Deployment Program, which provides over $42 billion, but as 
we know has not connected a single household. And there is a 
reason for that, and it is because it is focused on all the 
wrong things, instead of actually building broadband out into 
unserved areas.
    So those are a couple of areas I expect that you will 
address. And I see my time to filibuster has ended. We look 
forward to working with you on AI. It is a critical issue, and 
under this committee's jurisdiction. So welcome, thank you, and 
we wish you the best as you move forward.
    The Chairman. A predictably excellent job, Leader Thune. I 
think your remarks were spectrum good--we like, want more--all 
of which I enthusiastically agree.
    And we are now very pleased to welcome the Vice President 
of the United States, an august title, but equally august as a 
former member of the Senator Committee of Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation. So Vice President Vance, we are glad to 
welcome you back to your committee, and with that recognize you 
to introduce Mr. Lutnick.

                STATEMENT OF HON. J. D. VANCE, 
              VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

    Vice President Vance. Great. Well, good morning, Mr. 
Chairman, Ranking Member Cantwell. And I see Senator Curtis has 
my old chair, so hopefully you have as much fun as I did and do 
as much good as I tried to do. Senator Moreno, and all the 
members of the Committee, I am thrilled to be here, and I am 
thrilled to introduce my dear friend, Howard Lutnick, who I 
think is going to make an amazing Commerce Secretary for the 
United States of America.
    You know, one of my mentors in business always said that 
any good business has both product people and sales people, and 
Howard is one of the few people who is both a product guy and a 
sales guy. And I want to talk about that because I think that 
America, as Commerce Secretary, needs a Commerce Secretary who 
is both a product guy and a sales guy.
    And what do I mean by that? If you look at his career, 
Howard is the kind of guy who developed innovative products. He 
has a number of patents to his name, something I did not even 
know when I first got to know Howard, but I learned later. But 
he is also an incredible sales guy. This is a person who, on 
the world stage, will say more and do more and convince 
businesses that America is back, that America is growing and 
thriving, and I think that will inure to the benefit, most 
importantly, of American workers who have seen their wages 
stagnate, their real living standards decline. And Howard is 
exactly the kind of guy that we need to reverse that trend and 
get American commerce back on track.
    Howard is, more than anybody maybe that I have ever met in 
the private sector, aware, in part because of the fact that he 
did not grow up with everything handed to him, of the way in 
which what happens in the real economy affects real people, and 
that if we have a thriving, growing economy we are going to 
have a stronger national security because we make more of our 
own stuff. We are also going to have an American workforce that 
is thriving, that is healthy, that is happy, and of course, 
that is what we are ultimately, I think, all of us here on the 
Commerce Committee, most focused on.
    Howard is a force of nature. For those of you who do not 
know him, and for the employees of the Commerce Department, I 
will say, with all apologies, you are going to work harder over 
the next 4 years than you probably have ever worked in your 
entire life. Howard is the kind of guy who can have you work 90 
hours a week and make you feel like you are still energetic at 
the end of the day because he is working 110 hours a week, and 
he never lets his foot off the gas, and he never forgets what 
the mission is that drives him to do all of the incredible 
things that he has done and that he will do, as Commerce 
Secretary.
    Now, I want to say a couple of words about Howard's 
biography because I think it influences certainly how I think 
about him, and I think it informs, hopefully, how all of you 
will think about his nomination. This is not a guy who was 
handed everything. He grew up in a family where they often 
struggled to make ends meet. He built one of the most 
successful and biggest financial firms in the world, and, of 
course, had it all destroyed by terrorist on 9/11/2001.
    Now, Howard did not die that day. He lost 600 employees, 
including, I believe, your brother, Howard. But he did not die 
that day because he took his son to kindergarten on the Upper 
East Side, and so he was not in the towers when the planes hit.
    But what he did in the wake of it is maybe more impressive 
than what he did before. One, he rebuilt the business to where 
it is today, again, one of the great financial firms in the 
entire world. But more importantly than that, he did not forget 
the families of the employees who lost their lives that day.
    And I will never forget, talk about a good salesman. When I 
visited New York on the anniversary of 9/11 during the 
campaign--and as you all know, campaigns are very busy; there 
is a lot going on--and Howard said, ``JD, you need to come by 
my office because on 9/11 every day, and we have done it since 
2001, we raise money for the families of the people who lost 
their lives that day.'' And I said, ``Howard, this is the 
middle of a Presidential campaign. Man, I am the vice 
Presidential nominee.'' And he said, ``No, no. You are coming. 
Trust me, you are coming.''
    And I showed up on the trading floor of Cantor Fitzgerald 
and every single person was selling and working their tails 
off, not to make money for Howard Lutnick or the business that 
day, but to make money for the relief efforts and the families 
who they still take care of, what is it now, 24 years later. 
And that is an incredible testament to a guy who does not 
forget where he came from, who does not forget the people that 
he lost that day, and I cannot think of a better person to be 
the Commerce Secretary than a person who is a product guy, who 
is a sales guy, and who is an incredible human being, who does 
not forget the employees that he lost that day.
    And I want to make one final observation. Howard has a 
beautiful family, and it is good to see all the kids here and 
his lovely wife. On the campaign trail, as you all know, I have 
three little kids, and I like to take my kids with me on the 
campaign trail whenever possible because I am a dad first. And 
as you also may know, when you have little kids, sometimes 
little kids do not behave all the time. In fact, they often do 
not behave.
    And I remember when we took our kids to Howard's house on 
the campaign trail, when we actually had a fundraiser that 
evening in a different place, but we had a few hours. And I 
told my wife, I said, ``We are going to take the kids to my 
buddy's house, Howard Lutnick's house.'' And she said, ``You 
know, do you really want to take our three kids, energetic, 
wound up, to somebody's house? They are going to destroy 
something. They are going to embarrass us.'' And I said, 
``Howard's house, his wife's house, yes, actually.''
    And we spent the morning with them. We spent the afternoon 
with them. And then we went to our event. And I will never 
forget afterwards my wife looked at me and said, ``We felt like 
the kids could just be kids.'' Even though they did not know 
Howard, and even though Howard did not know them, he was a good 
enough guy to make it possible for our kids to just be kids.
    And I think that it is important to have the kind of person 
at Commerce who cannot just do the job, because Howard can 
certainly do the job, who has not just been wildly successful, 
because, of course, Howard has been wildly successful, but is 
just a good dude. And Howard is a good dude. He will make us 
proud as our next Commerce Secretary, but he makes me even 
prouder to call him a friend. God bless you, man.
    [Applause.]
    The Chairman. Mr. Vice President, thank you. Welcome back. 
And I will say to all the employees at the Commerce Department, 
you must be very pleased to know that your incoming Secretary 
will be just fine if you break something or crayon on the walls 
or spill your grape juice. You can do all of those at the 
Department of Commerce.
    And with that I recognize Mr. Lutnick for his opening 
remarks.

  STATEMENT OF HOWARD LUTNICK, NOMINEE TO BE SECRETARY, U.S. 
                     DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

    Mr. Lutnick. Thank you, Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member 
Cantwell, and members of the Committee, and thank you, JD, Mr. 
Vice President, for your kind introduction. I deeply appreciate 
our friendship and that he was able to join me today.
    I am profoundly grateful to President Trump for the 
confidence and faith he has placed in me. It is an honor to 
appear before you as your nominee for Secretary of Commerce.
    My family is here with me today. I would like to introduce 
you to my wife Allison, who is sitting behind me, who for 30 
years has been my great partner, advisor, and a spectacular 
mother to our wonderful children, my oldest son, Kyle, behind 
me, Brandon, Casey, and Ryan. My extraordinary sister Edie is 
also here, as well as Allison's brother Rick, my sister-in-law 
Abbi, and many of my closest friends have chosen to come down 
to support me.
    I grew up on Long Island, New York. My mother was an 
artist, as you said, and an art teacher. My father was a 
professor of American History.
    My mother Jane taught me how to appreciate life. When I was 
14, she was diagnosed with terminal cancer, but she decided if 
she was going to die before then she was going to live. I will 
never forget the day she pulled me out of class. So I rushed to 
the car and said, ``Are you OK?'' And she said, ``I am OK. 
Let's go.'' We drove to New York City, we went to art 
galleries, then we went to the opera, we went to a late-night 
dinner, got home super late, and of course she expected me to 
get up and get to school on time the next day.
    My mother died in February 1978, when I was 16 years old.
    A year and a half later, my father was diagnosed with lung 
cancer. He kept his diagnosis a secret from me, because he 
wanted to make sure I left to start college in the fall. He 
dropped me off at school and a week later He went for his first 
chemotherapy treatment at our local hospital. The nurse 
accidentally gave him the wrong dose and he died right then and 
there. It was September 12, 1979, and I was 18 years old.
    So we all know losing one parent is heartbreaking, but 
losing both is something entirely different. It is life 
shattering.
    Without any support from our extended family, Edie and I 
put my 15-year-old brother into boarding school right near my 
college, and he would sleep with me in my dorm room on the 
weekends. The next year, Gary moved up to live with my sister, 
and spent the next two years living with her, while she earned 
her law and business degrees.
    The three of us became inseparable, but as you can imagine, 
the pain we suffered when Gary and 657 of my other friends and 
colleagues at Cantor Fitzgerald were killed on 9/11.
    The company was located on the top five floors of the World 
Trade Center--I still cannot say it out loud. I get emotional. 
Sorry--but no one in the office survived. I was taking my son, 
Kyle, to his first day of kindergarten, which is why I am with 
you today.
    The company was destroyed, but on September 12th, I hosted 
a call with my surviving employees and I laid out two choices 
for them: we could either attend our friends' funerals--that is 
20 funerals a day for 33 straight days--or we could try to 
rebuild the company to take care of the 658 families that we 
lost that day.
    So this phone call led to one of the most extraordinary 
events in American business history. All of our employees, both 
new and those that survived, agreed to donate 25 percent of 
their salaries--their salaries--to the families of our 9/11 
colleagues. So together, we raised them $180 million over the 
next 5 years for those families, and my employees, they 
stitched my soul back together.
    My employees never expected to get paid back, but I had 
other ideas. In 2008, we took a division of our company public, 
and I gave each and every one of those employees double what 
they had given to those families.
    I worked at Cantor my entire career, 41 years, and 
rebuilding the company over the past 24 years is my greatest 
business achievement. After 9/11, we were down to about 1,000 
employees. Today, the company employs more than 14,000. I am so 
proud of my exceptional friends at Cantor, BGC, and Newmark.
    I saw the strength of the American spirit during President 
Trump's campaign, and it fueled my desire to serve our Nation. 
We need healthy businesses--small, medium, and large--to hire 
our great American workers to drive our economy. I will 
dedicate myself to making our government more responsive, 
working to ensure Americans have the greatest opportunity for 
success.
    I am an outcome-driven leader, and upon my confirmation, I 
will take a thoughtful and rigorous approach to leading this 
great department and serving our country.
    Thank you, thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I look forward to 
taking your questions.
    [The prepared statement and biographical information of Mr. 
Lutnick follow:]

               Prepared Statement of Howard W. Lutnick, 
          Nominee to be Secretary, U.S. Department of Commerce
    Thank you, Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and Members of 
the Committee. I am profoundly grateful to President Trump for the 
confidence and faith he has placed in me. It is an honor to appear 
before you to be considered as the nominee for Secretary of Commerce.
    My family is here with me today. I would like to introduce you to 
my wife, Allison, who for 30 years has been my great partner, advisor 
and a spectacular mother to our four wonderful children, Kyle, Brandon, 
Casey and Ryan. My extraordinary sister Edie is also here, as well as 
Allison's brother Rick, my sister-in-law Abbi, and several of my 
closest friends.
    I grew up on Long Island, New York. My mother was an artist and art 
teacher. My father was a Professor of American History.
    My mother, Jane, taught me how to appreciate life. When I was 14, 
she was diagnosed with terminal cancer and she decided she was going to 
really LIVE. I'll never forget the day she pulled me out of class. I 
rushed to her car to make certain she was okay. She smiled and said, 
``Let's go!'' We drove to New York City--she took me to art galleries 
and the opera, and we ended up having a really late dinner before 
driving home. Of course, she expected me to be on time for school the 
next morning. My mother died in February 1978. I was 16.
    A year and a half later, my father was diagnosed with lung cancer. 
He kept his diagnosis a secret from me, as I was leaving to start 
college. He dropped me off at school and a week later went for his 
first chemotherapy treatment at our local hospital. The nurse 
accidentally gave him the wrong dose and he died right then and there. 
It was September 12, 1979. I was 18.
    Losing one parent is heartbreaking, losing both is entirely 
different--it's life shattering.
    Without any support from our extended family, Edie and I put our 
15-year-old brother Gary into boarding school near my college and he 
slept in my dorm room on the weekends. The next year, Gary lived with 
Edie, while she earned her law and business degrees.
    The three of us were inseparable, so you can imagine the pain we 
suffered when Gary and 657 of my other friends and colleagues at Cantor 
Fitzgerald were killed on 9/11. The company was located on the top 5 
floors of the World Trade Center and no one in the office survived. I 
was taking Kyle to his first day of kindergarten, which is why I am 
with you today.
    The company was destroyed. On September 12th, I hosted a call with 
my surviving employees and laid out two choices: we could either attend 
our friends' funerals--there were 20 funerals a day for 33 straight 
days--or we could try to rebuild the company to take care of the 658 
families that lost a loved one.
    This phone call led to one of the most extraordinary events in 
business history. All of our employees, both new and those that 
survived, agreed to donate 25 percent of their salaries to the families 
of our 9/11 colleagues. Together, we gave them $180 million over the 
next 5 years, which stitched my soul back together.
    My employees never expected to get paid back, but I had other 
ideas. In 2008, we took a division of our company public and each 
employee received double what they had given.
    I worked at Cantor Fitzgerald my entire career--41 years. And 
rebuilding the company over the past 24 years is my greatest business 
achievement. After 9/11, we were down to about 1,000 employees. Now, 
the company employs more than 14,000. I am so proud of my exceptional 
friends and colleagues at Cantor Fitzgerald, Newmark and BGC.
    I saw the strength of the American spirit during President Trump's 
campaign, and it fueled my desire to serve our Nation.
    We need healthy businesses--small, medium, and large--to hire our 
great American workers to drive our economy. I will dedicate myself to 
making our government more responsive, working to ensure Americans have 
the greatest opportunity for success.
    I am an outcome-driven leader and upon confirmation, I will take a 
thoughtful and rigorous approach to leading this great department and 
serving our country.
    Thank you, and I look forward to taking your questions.
                                 ______
                                 
                      a. biographical information
    1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): Howard W. 
Lutnick.
    2. Position to which nominated: United States Secretary of 
Commerce.
    3. Date of Nomination: November 19, 2024.
    4. Address (List current place of residence and office addresses):

        Residence: Information not released to the public.
        Office: Information not provided.

    5. Date and Place of Birth: July 14, 1961; Manhasset, New York.
    6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your 
spouse (if married) or domestic partner, and the names and ages of your 
children (including stepchildren and children by a previous marriage).

        Allison Lutnick--Employment: N/A
        Kyle Lutnick (28), Brandon Lutnick (26), Casey Lutnick (24), 
        Ryan Lutnick (19).

    7. List all college and graduate schools attended, whether or not 
you were granted a degree by the institution. Provide the name of the 
institution, the dates attended, the degree received, and the date of 
the degree.

        Haverford College, B.A. Economics 1979-1983

    8. List all post-undergraduate employment, including the job title, 
name of employer, and inclusive dates of employment, and highlight all 
management-level jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to 
the position for which you are nominated.

        Employed by Cantor Fitzgerald since 1983.
        Started career as a broker and trader.
        Promoted to President and Chief Executive Officer in 1991 and 
        named Chairman in 1996.

        (https://www.cantor.com/leadership/howard-lutnick/)

        Mr. Lutnick joined Cantor Fitzgerald in 1983 and rose rapidly 
        through the ranks to be appointed President and CEO in 1991. 
        Five years later he was named Chairman. In 2004, Cantor 
        Fitzgerald separated out its voice brokerage business to create 
        BGC Partners L.P, in which Mr. Lutnick was the Chairman and 
        CEO. In 2008, Mr. Lutnick led the merger of BGC and eSpeed, 
        forming BGC Partners, Inc. In 2011, BGC completed its 
        acquisition of Newmark, and subsequently invested heavily in 
        the growth of the commercial real estate services business. 
        Newmark completed its IPO in 2017 and the Spin-Off from BGC in 
        2018. Mr. Lutnick holds the title of Executive Chairman.

    9. Attach a copy of your resume.
    See Attached--Annex A
    10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time 
service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other 
than those listed above after 18 years of age.
    I did not hold any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-
time service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments. 
However, Cantor Fitzgerald provided services that could be considered 
``consultative'' to the U.S. Navy prior to 2001.
    11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee, 
partner, proprietor, agent, representative, or consultant of any 
corporation, company, firm, partnership, or other business, enterprise, 
educational, or other institution.
    See Attached--Annex B through Annex F
    12. List all memberships you have had after 18 years of age or 
currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational, 
political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religiously 
affiliated organization, private club, or other membership organization 
(You do not have to list your religious affiliation or membership in a 
religious house of worship or institution). Include dates of membership 
and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note 
whether any such club or organization restricts membership on the basis 
of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.

        September 11th Memorial and Museum
                Board of Trustees--2006 to present

        Partnership for New York City
                Board of Directors--2011 to present

        Weil Cornell Medicine
                Board Fellow--May 2023 to present

        Horace Mann School
                Board Member--2003-June 2024

        Haverford College
                Board of Managers--1994-2006
                Vice-Chair, Board of Managers--2006-2012
                Chair of the Board of Managers--2012-2015

        Fisher Center for Alzheimer's Research Foundation
                Board of Trustees--2001-2021

        Intrepid Sea, Air, & Space Museum
                Board of Trustees--1995-April 2016

        Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Foundation
                Board of Trustees--2000-February 2016

        Hoover Institute
                Board of Overseers--2017-August 2022

        Metropolitan Club of New York

        Golf Clubs:
                The Saint Andrew's Golf Club (New York)
                The Bridge (New York)
                Metedeconk National Golf Club (New Jersey)
                La Gorce Country Club (Florida)
                Shell Bay Club (Florida)
                Robert Trent Jones Golf Club (Virginia)

    13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office 
(elected, non-elected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any 
campaign has any outstanding debt, the amount, and whether you are 
personally liable for that debt. None.
    14. List all memberships and offices held with and services 
rendered to, whether compensated or not, any political party or 
election committee within the past ten years. If you have held a paid 
position or served in a formal or official advisory position (whether 
compensated or not) in a political campaign within the past ten years, 
identify the particulars of the campaign, including the candidate, year 
of the campaign, and your title and responsibilities.

        Co-Chair, Trump Vance 2025 Transition, Inc. (2024)

    15. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign 
organization, political party, political action committee, or similar 
entity of $200 or more for the past ten years.
    See Attached--Annex G
    16. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary 
society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition 
for outstanding service or achievements.

        The Financial Times' Person of the Year (2001)

        Department of the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award (the 
        highest Navy award for non-military personnel)

        Ernst & Young's United States Entrepreneur of the Year (2010)

        Federal Enforcement Homeland Security Foundation Honoree (2012)

        FDNY Foundation Humanitarian Award (2013)

        Intercollegiate Tennis Association Achievement Award (2017)

        Honored by dozens of other charities and organizations

    17. List all books, articles, columns, letters to the editor, 
Internet blog postings, or other publications you have authored, 
individually or with others. Include a link to each publication when 
possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the 
publication when available.

        Contributor to ``On Top of the World: Cantor Fitzgerald, Howard 
        Lutnick, & 9/11: A Story of Loss & Renewal''--Biography by Tom 
        Barbash

        Contributor to ``Out of the Clear Blue Sky''--Documentary Film 
        by Danielle Gardner

    18. List all speeches, panel discussions, and presentations (e.g., 
PowerPoint) that you have given on topics relevant to the position for 
which you have been nominated. Include a link to each publication when 
possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the 
speech or presentation when available. None.
    19. List all public statements you have made during the past ten 
years, including statements in news articles and radio and podcasts and 
television appearances, which are on topics relevant to the position 
for which you have been nominated, including dates. Include a link to 
each statement when possible. If a link is not available, provide a 
digital copy of the statement when available.
    See Attached--Annex H
    20. List all digital platforms (including social media and other 
digital content sites) on which you currently or have formerly operated 
an account, regardless of whether or not the account was held in your 
name or an alias. Include the full name of an ``alias'' or ``handle'', 
including the complete URL and username with hyperlinks, you have used 
on each of the named platforms. Indicate whether the account is active, 
deleted, or dormant. Include a link to each account if possible.
    See Attached--Annex I
    21. Please identify each instance in which you have testified 
orally or in writing before Congress in a governmental or non-
governmental capacity and specify the date, committee, and subject 
matter of each testimony.
    None in the last ten years
    22. Given the current mission, major programs, and major 
operational objectives of the department/agency/commission/corporation 
to which you have been nominated, what in your background or employment 
experience do you believe affirmatively qualifies you for appointment 
to the position for which you have been nominated, and why do you wish 
to serve in that position?
    Throughout my decades of executive leadership experience as 
Chairman and CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald, Chairman and CEO of BGC Group, 
and Executive Chairman of Newmark Group, I have guided these companies 
through dynamic and complex market environments. Some of the situations 
they faced presented tremendous challenges, and it was through my 
leadership and unwavering support for my employees that we successfully 
turned these challenges into opportunities, fostering incredible growth 
for the companies and enabling teams to achieve remarkable outcomes. My 
experiences leading these incredible organizations provide me with a 
strong foundation to succeed as Secretary of Commerce.
    The global reach across these companies has equipped me with deep 
knowledge of and appreciation for international perspectives, enabling 
me to bring global insight to best foster innovation and enhance 
competitiveness for the United States. This global perspective enables 
me to bring forward-thinking solutions that resonate across our markets 
and industries. My experience gives me deep insights into global trade, 
cross-border markets and economic trends--key areas overseen by the 
Department of Commerce.
    Leading global enterprises that specialize and operate large-scale 
databases, data collection, and advanced analytics, I bring a deep 
understanding of how to modernize systems and drive efficiency at the 
highest levels--something I look forward to doing for the Department of 
Commerce and the Government of the United States.
    Additionally, I possess expertise and knowledge working with the 
Patent and Trademark Office, as an inventor personally familiar with 
the patent process. Navigating the PTO first-hand provided me with 
insights into optimizing and supporting our intellectual property 
systems. As Secretary of Commerce, I will enhance and protect American 
innovation to further drive economic growth.
    I believe the breadth of my experience working in the financial 
services and real estate industries, the scale and success of my 
companies across business cycles, and ability to persevere through the 
most difficult circumstances that a company could ever face positions 
me to be a very successful Secretary of Commerce. I look forward to 
working for the President of the United States and the American people 
to drive economic growth, productivity, and innovation for our country.
    23. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to 
ensure that the department/agency/commission/corporation has proper 
management and accounting controls, and what experience do you have in 
managing a large organization?
    I have more than 30 years of experience serving as Chairman and 
Chief Executive Officer of multiple large private and publicly listed 
companies. Taken together, the companies that I manage employ more than 
13,000 professionals today, having rebuilt ourselves entirely since the 
devastating terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
    I spent decades building and growing these great companies. Each 
has successfully grown on the pillars of strong financial oversight, 
superior operational efficiency, and a focused management structure.
    On September 11, 2001, Cantor Fitzgerald endured one of the most 
harrowing challenges in human history. Our firm, headquartered on the 
101st to 105th floors of the North Tower of the World Trade Center, 
suffered an unimaginable loss--658 of our 960 New York-based employees 
tragically perished in the devastating terrorist attacks. Rising from 
this unparalleled tragedy demanded extraordinary resolve and 
determination. Rebuilding our firm required a relentless commitment to 
recruiting top-tier talent, enforcing rigorous accountability, 
reconstructing financial controls, implementing new technology, and 
fostering a culture defined by camaraderie, compassion, and unwavering 
professionalism.
    At BGC Group, I led the company's transformation into a multi-
billion-dollar, publicly traded global financial brokerage, technology, 
and data company. Driving this evolution, I played a pivotal role in 
spearheading strategic expansion initiatives, overseeing acquisitions 
that were critical to our growth, and strengthening financial controls 
to ensure operational excellence.
    At Newmark, we achieved extraordinary growth, expanding our 
revenues ten-fold over the past 13 years. Today, Newmark is a multi-
billion-dollar public company and a leader in the commercial real 
estate services industry. I successfully oversaw the firm's 
transformative growth, streamlined operational processes, and embedded 
rigorous financial oversight across the organization.
    As Secretary of Commerce, I will prioritize the following 
principles to uphold the integrity and efficiency of the department:

  1.  Strong Governance and Oversight:

     Establish clear policies and procedures to ensure 
            compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and ethical 
            standards.

     Implement a robust internal audit system to 
            proactively identify risks and inefficiencies.

  2.  Accountability and Transparency:

     Create a culture where accountability takes center 
            stage, ensuring every team member understands their 
            responsibility to uphold the highest standards of 
            integrity.

  3.  Technology and Modernization:

     Implement and leverage modern software and 
            technologies to streamline operations, enhance data 
            collection and accuracy, and improve decision-making across 
            the organization.

     Ensure the department is equipped with systems capable 
            of tracking, monitoring, and reporting activities with 
            precision.

    My management experience has taught me the importance of 
establishing clear structures, enforcing disciplined practices, and 
upholding a steadfast ethical foundation. Upon my confirmation, I will 
bring the same rigor and commitment to ensuring the department operates 
with the highest standards of management and accountability.
    24. What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the 
department/agency/commission/corporation, and why?
    To effectively support the President's vision and address the 
critical needs of the American people, the Department of Commerce must 
take the necessary steps to address three key challenges. This will be 
critical to reinforcing our country's economic strength and securing 
its future prosperity.

  1.  Data and Analytics--The Department of Commerce must significantly 
        improve its approach to data capture, database management, and 
        data analytics. Currently, there is a critical need to 
        modernize how information is collected, organized, and utilized 
        to address the Nation's challenges effectively. By enhancing 
        data analytics capabilities, the government can transform vast 
        amounts of information into actionable insights, enabling 
        departments to operate with greater efficiency and 
        effectiveness to support the needs of the American people. This 
        transformation is essential to not only streamline decision-
        making, but also to align departmental actions with the 
        strategic goals and objectives of the President of the United 
        States.

  2.  Drive Productivity--The approximately 47,000 employees of the 
        Department of Commerce must be empowered and focused on 
        delivering tangible, outcome-driven results that support the 
        President's goals to benefit the American people. As Secretary 
        of Commerce, I will work to foster a culture of productivity by 
        ensuring that every employee is aligned with clear objectives, 
        accountable for timely deliverables, and committed to achieving 
        measurable outcomes. This approach, coupled with a strong 
        emphasis on financial accountability, will be crucial to 
        fulfilling the Department's mission and driving national 
        progress.

  3.  Alignment of Goals and Objectives--The Department of Commerce 
        must be united in its efforts to achieve a cohesive set of 
        objectives that are fully aligned with President Trump's 
        mandate. As Secretary of Commerce, I will refocus the 
        Department's efforts, advancing the key priorities that drive 
        domestic manufacturing, productivity, and growth. Investment in 
        America and the promotion of American production and the 
        enforcement of our policies are central to this mission. 
        Additionally, the Department must leverage our economic tools 
        to support both domestic and foreign policy, reinforcing the 
        President's vision in securing America's future prosperity.
                   b. potential conflicts of interest
    1. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation 
agreements, and other continuing dealings with business associates, 
clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement 
accounts, such as a 401(k) or pension plan.
    I plan to divest all relevant holdings in accordance with Federal 
laws and regulations and set forth in my ethics agreement with the 
Office of Government Ethics. Therefore, I will have no conflicts of 
interest.
    2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal, 
to maintain employment, affiliation, or practice with any business, 
association, or other organization during your appointment? If so, 
please explain. None.
    3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other 
relationships which could involve potential conflicts of interest in 
the position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will 
resolve each potential conflict of interest. None.
    4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial 
transaction which you have had during the last ten years, whether for 
yourself, on behalf of a client, or acting as an agent, that could in 
any way constitute or result in a possible conflict of interest in the 
position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will resolve 
each potential conflict of interest. None.
    5. Identify any other potential conflicts of interest and explain 
how you will resolve each potential conflict of interest. None.
    6. Describe any activity during the past ten years, including the 
names of clients represented, in which you have been engaged for the 
purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or 
modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and 
execution of law or public policy. None.
                            c. legal matters
    1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics, 
professional misconduct, or retaliation by, or been the subject of a 
complaint to, any court, administrative agency, the Office of Special 
Counsel, an Inspector General, professional association, disciplinary 
committee, or other professional group? If yes:
    None.

  a.  Provide the name of the court, agency, association, committee, or 
        group;

  b.  Provide the date the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or 
        personnel action was issued or initiated;

  c.  Describe the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or 
        personnel action;

  d.  Provide the results of the citation, disciplinary action, 
        complaint, or personnel action.

    2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by 
any Federal, State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal, 
State, county, municipal, or foreign government entity, other than for 
a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain. None.
    3. Have you or any business or nonprofit of which you are or were 
an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency 
proceeding, criminal proceeding, or civil litigation? If so, please 
explain.
    The companies for which I am a named officer have been involved 
from time to time in litigation, arbitration and administrative claims 
in the ordinary course of business. On limited occasion, I have been 
named personally in certain proceedings, however none of those have 
ever resulted in any finding of personal liability or required any 
personal contribution. Some of the businesses for which I am a named 
officer are regulated entities, including broker-dealers, which are 
subject to routine reviews, examinations, and investigations (both 
formal and informal) by governmental and self-regulatory agencies in 
the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions.
    4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or nolo 
contendere) of any criminal violation other than a minor traffic 
offense? If so, please explain. None.
    5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual 
assault, sexual harassment, or discrimination on the basis of sex, 
race, religion, or any other basis? If so, please explain. None.
    6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information, 
favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in 
connection with your nomination. None.
                     d. relationship with committee
    1. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/
corporation complies with deadlines for information set by 
congressional committees, and that your department/agency/commission/
corporation endeavors to timely comply with requests for information 
from individual Members of Congress, including requests from members in 
the minority? Yes.
    2. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/
corporation does whatever it can to protect congressional witnesses and 
whistleblowers from reprisal for their testimony and disclosures? Yes.
    3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested 
witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with 
firsthand knowledge of matters of interest to the Committee? Yes.
    4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly 
constituted committee of the Congress on such occasions as you may be 
reasonably requested to do so? Yes.
                                 ______
                                 
                                 
                                 
                                 
                                 

                                                     Annex B
                                (Cantor Fitzgerald L.P. and Subsidiary Entities)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Entity                         Entity Type                   Position            From        To
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1035 BATTERY STREET OWNER, LLC      Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Jun-20    Present
10801 MADISON AVENUE OWNER.,LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-21    Present
110 RRP MANAGEMENT, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-15     Sep-24
1100 HIDDEN RIDGE, LLC              Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Nov-20    Present
1840 LONGMIRE ROAD OWNER MANAGER,   Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Mar-22    Present
 LLC
1840 LONGMIRE ROAD OWNER MEMBER,    Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Mar-22    Present
 LLC
1840 LONGMIRE ROAD OWNER, LLC       Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Mar-22    Present
1840 LONGMIRE ROAD, LLC             Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Mar-22    Present
2477 DEERFIELD DRIVE, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
2575 S HIGHLAND DRIVE HOLDINGS,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Nov-15    Present
 LLC
2575 S HIGHLAND DRIVE, L.P.         Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Sep-16    Present
3075 LOYALTY CIRCLE MEMBER, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
3075 LOYALTY CIRCLE OWNER, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
3221 KELLER SPRINGS ROAD MANAGER,   Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Feb-21    Present
 LLC
3221 KELLER SPRINGS ROAD MEMBER,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-21    Present
 LLC
3221 KElLER SPRINGS ROAD, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-21    Present
3596 ALPINE AVE, LLC                Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      May-17    Present
5303 FISHER ROAD OWNER, LLC         Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Feb-22    Present
5516 WEST BUCHANAN STREET OWNER,    Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Nov-19    Present
 LLC
651 E CORPORATE DRIVE, LLC          Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Oct-18    Present
692 MONTAUK HIGHWAY LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-15    Present
8100 GIBBS WAY JV, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-21    Present
ADFIN SOLUTIONS, INC.               Corporation                    Director                    Mar-17     Mar-23
AFTERMATH FILM, L.L.C.              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
AQUA SECURITIES HOLDINGS, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Director, Chairman,         May-07    Present
                                                                    President and C.E.O.
AQUA SECURITIES, L.P.               Limited Partnership            Director                    Jun-99     May-23
BARTHOLOMEW ANTIQUES, L.P.          Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-07    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
BARTHOLOMEW ANTIQUES, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-07    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O,
BSP MEMBER MANAGER, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-12     Dec-23
CANTOR (ALDERNEY) HOLDINGS, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        May-24     Sep-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR (CHINA) TECHNOLOGY CO.       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jan-11    Present
 HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
CANTOR ACQUISITION CORP. IV         Corporation                    Director, Chain:nan,        Oct-20    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR ACQUISITION CORP. IX         Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Oct-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CANTOR ACQUISITION CORP. V          Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Oct-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CANTOR ACQUISITION CORP. X          Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Nov-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CANTOR ACQUISITION CORP. XI         Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Oct-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CANTOR ACQUISITION CORP. XII        Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Oct-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CANTOR ACQUISITION CORP. XIII       Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Oct-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CANTOR ADVISORS MANAGEMENT, L.P.    Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-15    Present
CANTOR CAPITAL SOLUTIONS, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-15    Present
CANTOR CF INVESTOR, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-18     Sep-24
CANTOR CF SECURED INVESTOR, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-18    Present
CANTOR CHOP GP MEMBER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-24    Present
CANTOR CHOP LP INVESTOR, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-24    Present
CANTOR CLEARING, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        May-12     Dec-23
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Feb-10    Present
 INVESTOR HOLDINGS, LLC                                             and C.E.O.
CANTOR COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE       Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Feb-10    Present
 INVESTOR, L.P.                                                     and C.E.O.
CANTOR COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Feb-10    Present
 SPONSOR HOLDINGS, LLC                                              and C.E.O.
CANTOR COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15     Nov-23
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, L.P.  Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Jan-08    Present
CANTOR CT HOLDINGS, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jan-11    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR CT, L.P.                     Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jan-11    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR CULTURAL ASSET MANAGEMENT,   Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-10     Nov-23
 L.P.                                                               and C.E.O.
CANTOR DATA SERVICES, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Aug-12    Present
CANTOR DIGITAL ASSETS, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jan-22    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR EL MEDIA, LLC                Limited Liablity Company       Chairman, President,        Mar-12     Feb-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR ENTERTAINMENT DATA           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
 HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
CANTOR ENTERTAINMENT DATA, L.P.     Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Jun-05    Present
CANTOR ENTERTAINMENT HOLDINGS,      Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
 L.P.                                                               and C.E.O.
CANTOR ENTERTAINMENT HOLDINGS, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-16    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR EP HOLDINGS I, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
CANTOR EP HOLDINGS II, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
CANTOR EP HOLDINGS III, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
CANTOR EP HOLDINGS IV, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
CANTOR EP HOLDINGS V, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
CANTOR EP HOLDINGS, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Mar-21    Present
CANTOR EQUITY PARTNERS I, INC.      Limited Liability Company      Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CANTOR EQUITY PARTNERS II, INC.     Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Nov-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CANTOR EQUITY PARTNERS III, INC.    Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Nov-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CANTOR EQUITY PARTNERS IV, INC.     Corporation                    Director, Chairman,         Apr-21    Present
                                                                    C.F.O. and C.E.O.
CANTOR EQUITY PARTNERS V, INC.      Corporation                    Director, Chairman,         Apr-21    Present
                                                                    C.F.O. and C.E.O.
CANTOR EQUITY PARTNERS, INC.        Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Nov-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CANTOR FITZGERALD & CO.             General Partnership            Chairman                    Apr-15    Present
CANTOR FITZGERALD (PROPRIETARY)     Private Company                Director                    Oct-97    Present
 LIMITED
CANTOR FITZGERALD ACCELERATION &    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-12     Dec-23
 SEEDING (TRADING), LLC
CANTOR FITZGERALD ASSET MANAGEMENT  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jan-14    Present
 HOLDINGS, LLC
CANTOR FITZGERALD ASSET MANAGEMENT  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Dec-16    Present
 OPERATIONS, LLC
CANTOR FITZGERALD CANADA            Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Nov-05    Present
 CORPORATION HOLDINGS, L.P.
CANTOR FITZGERALD CONTROLLED        General Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-09    Present
 EQUITY OFFERINGS                                                   and C.E.O.
CANTOR FITZGERALD GAME HOLDINGS     Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-01    Present
 LLC                                                                and C.E.O
CANTOR FITZGERALD HEDGE FUND        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-24    Present
 SERVICES, LLC
CANTOR FITZGERALD II, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR FITZGERALD INCOME ADVISORS,  Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Feb-17    Present
 LLC
CANTOR FITZGERALD INCOME TRUST OP   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-16    Present
 HOLDINGS, LLC
CANTOR FITZGERALD INCOME TRUST      Limited Partnership            C.E.O.                      Feb-17    Present
 OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P.
CANTOR FITZGERALD INCOME TRUST,     Corporation                    Director, Chairman of       Feb-17    Present
 INC.                                                               the Board, and C.E.O.
CANTOR FITZGERALD INVESTMENT        Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Oct-10    Present
 ADVISORS HOLDINGS, LLC
CANTOR FITZGERALD INVESTMENT        Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Feb-10    Present
 ADVISORS, L.P.
CANTOR FITZGERALD INVESTORS, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-16    Present
CANTOR FITZGERALD IRELAND           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jan-10    Present
 HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
CANTOR FITZGERALD SECURITIES        General Partnership            Chairman, President,        May-95    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR FITZGERALD TECHNOLOGY        Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Sep-20    Present
 MARKETS, LLC                                                       and C.E.O.
CANTOR FITZGERALD TELECOM           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
 SERVICES, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
CANTOR FITZGERALD WEALTH PARTNERS,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-23    Present
 LLC
CANTOR FITZGERALD, L.P.             Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR FLAGS LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-16     Feb-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR FRANCE INVESTOR, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-21     Sep-24
CANTOR FRANCE SPONSOR, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-21     Sep-24
CANTOR G&W HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-05    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR G&W INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-16    Present
 LLC                                                                and C.E.O.
CANTOR G&W SPECIAL ASSETS           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        May-08     Dec-23
 HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
CANTOR G&W SPECIAL ASSETS, L.P.     Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        May-08     Dec-23
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR G&W, L.P.                    Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Mar-05    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR GGAM HOLDINGS, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jan-11    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR GGAM, L.P.                   Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jan-11    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR INDEX FX HOLDINGS, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Sep-06    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR INDEX FX, L.P.               Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Sep-06    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR INDEX HOLDINGS, L.P.         Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Apr-13    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR INDEX LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-13    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR INSURANCE GROUP HOLDINGS,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-23    Present
 LLC                                                                and C.E.O.
CANTOR INSURANCE GROUP, L.P.        Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Mar-23    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR LEXNET HOLDINGS, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-06    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR RE LIMITED HOLDINGS, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Sep-23     Dec-23
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR REAL ESTATE FINANCE          Limited Company                Chairman, President,        Jul-18     Dec-23
 HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
CANTOR REAL ESTATE FINANCE          Limited Company                Chairman                    Jul-14     Dec-23
 OPERATIONS, LLC
CANTOR REAL ESTATE HOLDINGS, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-08    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR REAL ESTATE, L.P.            Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-08    Present
CANTOR REALTY CAPITAL ADVISORS      Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Dec-09    Present
 HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
CANTOR REALTY CAPITAL ADVISORS,     Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Dec-09    Present
 L.P.                                                               and C.E.O.
CANTOR REALTY FUND I, L.P.          Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
CANTOR REALTY FUND II MANAGER, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
CANTOR REALTY FUND II, L.P.         Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Sep-16    Present
CANTOR REALTY FUND III MANAGER,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-18    Present
 LLC
CANTOR REALTY FUND III, L.P.        Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Feb-18    Present
CANTOR REALTY FUND MANAGER I, LLC   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
CANTOR REALTY PRODUCTS PARTNERS,    Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
 L.P.
CANTOR REALTY PRODUCTS SPONSOR,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
 LLC
CANTOR REALTY PRODUCTS, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
CANTOR RRP SLP, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Aug-14    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR SILVERSTEIN OPPORTUNITY      Corporation                    Director                    Jan-22    Present
 ZONE TRUST II, INC.
CANTOR SILVERSTEIN OPPORTUNITY      Corporation                    Director                    May-19    Present
 ZONE TRUST, INC.
CANTOR SILVERSTEIN QOF MANAGER,     Limited Liability Company      Director                    Feb-19    Present
 LLC
CANTOR SPONSOR, L.P.                Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-10    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR VENTURES HOLDINGS, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-10    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTOR VENTURES, L.P.               Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Mar-10    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTORCO2E (CANADA) COMPANY         Unlimited company              Director and President      Mar-08    Present
CANTORCO2e (CANADA) HOLDINGS, L.P.  Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Nov-07    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTORCO2E (UK) HOLDINGS, L.P.      Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Nov-07    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTORCO2E BRAZIL HOLDINGS I, LLC   Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Sep-07    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTORCO2E BRAZIL HOLDINGS II, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Sep-07    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTORCO2E CLASS E HOLDINGS, L.P.   Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Nov-08    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTORCO2E MEXICO HOLDINGS, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        May-07    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTORCO2E, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Director, President,        Mar-07    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CANTORCO2eHLP, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-07    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O
CASTLEOAK MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-06     Sep-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CCAM HOLDINGS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-10     Nov-23
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CCEHLP, LLC                         Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-08    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CCRE INVESTOR II, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-17    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CCRE INVESTOR III, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-17    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O
CCRE INVESTOR IV, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-17    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CDF II, LLC                         Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-12     Dec-23
CDMF, LLC                           Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-12     Dec-23
CF 10801 MADISON AVENUE, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Apr-21    Present
CF ACCOUNT MANAGERS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Feb-23     Feb-23
CF ACQUISITION CORP. IV             Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jan-20     Dec-23
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. IX             Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. VII            Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. X              Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XI             Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XII            Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XIII           Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XIV            Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XIX            Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XV             Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XVI            Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XVII           Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XVIII          Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXI            Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXII           Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXIII          Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXIV           Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXIX           Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Mar-21    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXV            Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXVI           Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Mar-21    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXVII          Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Mar-21    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXVIII         Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Mar-21    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXX            Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Mar-21    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF ACQUISITION HOLDINGS IV, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Oct-20    Present
CF ACQUISITION HOLDINGS IX, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Oct-20    Present
CF ACQUISITION HOLDINGS V, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Oct-20    Present
CF ACQUISITION HOLDINGS X, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
CF ACQUISITION HOLDINGS XI, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Oct-20    Present
CF ACQUISITION HOLDINGS XII, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Oct-20    Present
CF ACQUISITION HOLDINGS XIII, LLC   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O          Oct-20    Present
CF ALBERTSONS CHICAGO HOLDINGS,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-18    Present
 LLC
CF ALBERTSONS CHICAGO, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Dec-18    Present
CF ALBERTSONS LANCASTER HOLDINGS,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-18    Present
 LLC
CF ALBERTSONS LANCASTER, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Dec-18    Present
CF ARBORETUM DEPOSITOR, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
CF ARBORETUM MANAGER, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
CF ARBORETUM MASTER TENANT, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
CF ARBORETUM, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
CF Archer Depositor, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
CF Archer Manager, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
CF Archer Master Tenant, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
CF Archer, LLC                      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
CF ARRABELLA DEPOSITOR, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-22    Present
CF ARRABELLA MANAGER, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
CF ARRABELLA MASTER TENANT, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-22    Present
CF ARRABELLA, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
CF ARROW CANYON DEPOSITOR, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
CF ARROW CANYON MANAGER, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
CF ARROW CANYON MASTER TENANT, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
CF ARROW CANYON, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
CF AURORA DEPOSITOR, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Nov-19    Present
CF AURORA MANAGER, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
CF AURORA MASTER TENANT, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
CF AURORA, LLC                      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
CF BALA WOODS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-22    Present
CF BELLEVUE DEPOSITOR, LLC          Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Feb-19    Present
CF BELLEVUE MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Feb-19    Present
CF BELLEVUE MASTER TENANT, LLC      Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jul-20    Present
CF BELLEVUE, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-19    Present
CF CANYON CREEK DEPOSITOR, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-24    Present
CF CANYON CREEK MANAGER, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-24    Present
CF CANYON CREEK MASTER TENANT, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-24    Present
CF CANYON CREEK, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-24    Present
CF CASH, LLC                        Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Dec-18    Present
CF CHISHOLM DEPOSITOR, LLC          Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Dec-21    Present
CF CHISHOLM MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-21    Present
CF CHISHOLM MASTER TENANT, LLC      Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Dec-21    Present
CF CHISHOLM, LLC                    Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
CF DC HOLDINGS, L.P.                Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Dec-05    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CF DC HOLDINGS, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Dec-05    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CF DEERFIELD HOLDINGS, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-18    Present
CF DST ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
CF DST HOLDINGS, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
CF DST VENTURE HOLDINGS, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-18    Present
CF EMERSON DEPOSITOR, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
CF EMERSON MANAGER, LLC             Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
CF EMERSON MASTER TENANT, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
CF EMERSON MEMBER, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
CF EMERSON, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
CF EUROPE SPONSOR, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Mar-21     Feb-24
CF EVOKE, LLC                       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-20    Present
CF FINANCE HOLDINGS II, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         May-20    Present
CF FINANCE HOLDINGS III, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Mar-16    Present
CF FINANCE HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jul-14    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CF GCM INVESTOR, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Nov-20    Present
CF GILTS HOLDINGS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-99     Feb-24
CF GLENMUIR DEPOSITOR, LLC          Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
CF GLENMUIR MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
CF GLENMUIR MASTER TENANT, LLC      Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
CF GLENMUIR, LLC                    Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    May-21    Present
CF GLOBAL FINANCE, LTD.             Limited Partnership            Director                    Sep-24    Present
CF GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.          Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-15    Present
CF HEADQUARTERS CORP.               Corporation                    Director, Chairman,         Apr-15    Present
                                                                    President and C.E.O.
CF HEADQUARTERS II, INC.            Corporation                    Chairman, Director,         Aug-23    Present
                                                                    President, and C.E.O.
CF HENDRY DEPOSITOR, LLC            Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Oct-19    Present
CF HENDRY MANAGER, LLC              Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Oct-19    Present
CF HENDRY MASTER TENANT, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-19    Present
CF HENDRY, LLC                      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
CF III, LLC                         Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CF INDUSTRY DEPOSITOR, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-21    Present
CF INDUSTRY DST HOLDER, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
CF INDUSTRY MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-21    Present
CF INDUSTRY MASTER TENANT MANAGER,  Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
 LLC
CF INDUSTRY MASTER TENANT MEMBER,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
 LLC
CF INDUSTRY, LLC                    Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
 IX                                                                 C.E.O.
CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
 VIII                                                               C.E.O.
CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
 X                                                                  C.E.O.
CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
 XI                                                                 C.E.O.
CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
 XII                                                                C.E.O.
CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
 XIII                                                               C.E.O.
CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
 XIV                                                                C.E.O.
CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
 XIX                                                                C.E.O.
CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
 XV                                                                 C.E.O.
CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
 XVI                                                                C.E.O.
CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
 XVII                                                               C.E.O.
CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
 XVIII                                                              C.E.O.
CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
 XX                                                                 C.E.O.
CF KACEY DST HOLDER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-21    Present
CF KACEY, LLC                       Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Oct-21    Present
CF KELLER HOLDINGS, LLC             Limited Liablitiy Company      C.E.O                       Feb-21    Present
CF Keller Manager, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-24    Present
CF Keller Master Tenant, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-24    Present
CF Keller TRS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-24    Present
CF LEGACY AT FOX VALLEY DEPOSITOR,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
 LLC
CF LEGACY AT FOX VALLEY MANAGER,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
 LLC
CF LEGACY AT FOX VALLEY MASTER      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
 TENANT, LLC
CF LEGACY AT FOX VALLEY, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
CF LEGAL INFOSYSTEMS HOLDINGS, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15     Jan-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CF LIFE SETTLEMENTS HOLDINGS I,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-06    Present
 LLC                                                                and C.E.O.
CF LIFE SETTLEMENTS HOLDINGS, L.P.  Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-06    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CF LIVONIA DEPOSITOR, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-19    Present
CF LIVONIA DST MANAGER, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-19    Present
CF LIVONIA MANAGER, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-19    Present
CF LIVONIA, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-19    Present
CF LOYALTY HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
CF MAINTENANCE CORP.                Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     May-22    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
CF MANAGED ASSETS, L.L.C.           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CF Master Tenant Holdco, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-24    Present
CF MOUNT COMFORT DEPOSITOR, LLC     Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Dec-20    Present
CF MOUNT COMFORT DST MANAGER, LLC   Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Dec-20    Present
CF MOUNT COMFORT LAND OWNER, LLC    Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Oct-22    Present
CF MOUNT COMFORT MANAGER, LLC       Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Nov-20    Present
CF MOUNT COMFORT, LLC               Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Nov-20    Present
CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO DEPOSITOR    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
 I, LLC
CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO DEPOSITOR    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
 II, LLC
CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO DEPOSITOR    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
 III, LLC
CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO DEPOSITOR    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
 IV, LLC
CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO DEPOSITOR    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
 V, LLC
CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO DEPOSITOR    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
 VI, LLC
CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO MANAGER I,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
 LLC
CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO MANAGER II,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
 LLC
CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO MANAGER      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
 III, LLC
CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO MANAGER IV,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
 LLC
CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO MANAGER V,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
 LLC
CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO MANAGER VI,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
 LLC
CF NOTES, LLC                       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CF PALMS DEPOSITOR, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
CF PALMS DST HOLDER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
CF PALMS MANAGER, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
CF PALMS MASTER TENANT MANAGER,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
 LLC
CF PALMS MASTER TENANT MEMBER, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
CF PALMS, LLC                       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
CF PEARLAND DST HOLDER, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-23    Present
CF PEARLAND MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-23    Present
CF PEARLAND MASTER TENANT MEMBER,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-23    Present
 LLC
CF PEARLAND MASTER TENANT, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-23    Present
CF PEARLAND, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-23    Present
CF PEARLLAND MASTER TENANT          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-23    Present
 MANAGER, LLC
CF PRINCIPAL INVESTMENTS, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jan-22    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CF PRIVATE CLAIMS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-18    Present
CF QOF SPONSOR, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-19    Present
CF RAILWAY DEPOSITOR, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-19    Present
CF RAILWAY MANAGER, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-19    Present
CF RAILWAY MASTER TENANT, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-19    Present
CF RAILWAY, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-19    Present
CF REAL ESTATE ASSET MANAGEMENT,    Limited Liablity Company       Chairman                    Jun-15    Present
 LLC
CF REAL ESTATE COMPANY, LLC         Limited Liablity Company       Chairman                    Jun-15    Present
CF REAL ESTATE DST HOLDINGS, LLC    Limited Liablity Company       Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-15    Present
CF REAL ESTATE FINANCE HOLDINGS     Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jul-17    Present
 GP, LLC                                                            and C.E.O.
CF REAL ESTATE FINANCE HOLDINGS,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Feb-20    Present
 L.P.                                                               and C.E.O.
CF REAL ESTATE HOLDINGS, LLC        Limited Liablity Company       Chairman                    Jun-15    Present
CF Remy Depositor, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-24    Present
CF Remy Manager, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-24    Present
CF Remy Master Tenant, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-24    Present
CF Remy, LLC                        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-24    Present
CF RIVERTOP DEPOSITOR, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
CF RIVERTOP MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
CF RIVERTOP MASTER TENANT, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
CF RIVERTOP, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
CF RIVERVIEW DEPOSITOR, LLC         Limited Liablity Company       Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
CF RIVERVIEW MANAGER, LLC           Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
CF RIVERVIEW MASTER TENANT, LLC     Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
CF RIVERVIEW MEMBER, LLC            Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
CF RIVERVIEW, LLC                   Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
CF RIVERWORKS DEPOSITOR, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-24    Present
CF RIVERWORKS MANAGER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-24    Present
CF RIVERWORKS MASTER TENANT, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-24    Present
CF RIVERWORKS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-24    Present
CF SAWYER DEPOSITOR, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-18    Present
CF SAWYER MANAGER, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-18    Present
CF SAWYER MASTER TENANT, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-18    Present
CF SAWYER, LLC                      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-18    Present
CF SECURED HOLDINGS I, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-16    Present
CF SECURED HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-18    Present
CF SILVERSTREAM DEPOSITOR, LLC      Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
CF SILVERSTREAM MANAGER, LLC        Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
CF SILVERSTREAM MASTER TENANT, LLC  Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
CF SILVERSTREAM, LLC                Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
CF SINGAPORE HOLDINGS, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Dec-21    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CF SPARC HOLDCO, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jan-22    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CF SPECIAL INVESTMENTS II, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Feb-24    Present
CF SPECIAL INVESTMENTS MM, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Dec-21    Present
CF SPECIAL INVESTMENTS, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Dec-21    Present
CF STATION DEPOSITOR, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-20    Present
CF STATION MANAGER, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-20    Present
CF STATION MASTER TENANT, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-20    Present
CF STATION, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-20    Present
CF SUMMERFIELD DEPOSITOR, LLC       Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
CF SUMMERFIELD DST HOLDER, LLC      Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
CF SUMMERFIELD JV MANAGER, LLC      Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
CF SUMMERFIELD MANAGER, LLC         Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
CF SUMMERFIELD MASTER TENANT JV     Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
 MANAGER, LLC
CF SUMMERFIELD MASTER TENANT JV     Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
 MEMBER, LLC
CF SUMMERFIELD MEMBER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
CF Summit Ridge Depositor, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-24    Present
CF Summit Ridge Manager, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-24    Present
CF Summit Ridge Master Tenant, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-24    Present
CF Summit Ridge Multifamily DST     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-24    Present
CF Summit Ridge, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-24    Present
CF TEXAS MULTIFAMILY PORTFOLIO      Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Sep-21    Present
 MANAGER, LLC
CF TOKYO HOLDINGS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Aug-17    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CF TRIBECA DEPOSITOR, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
CF TRIBECA MANAGER, LLC             Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
CF TRIBECA MASTER TENANT, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
CF VALENCIA LIFE SCIENCES DST       Limited Liablitiy Company but  Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
 MANAGER, LLC                        treated as a C corp for tax
                                     pursposes
CF VALENCIA LIFE SCIENCES, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-21    Present
CF WEST END DEPOSITOR, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-22    Present
CF WEST END DST HOLDER, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-22    Present
CF WEST END MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
CF WEST END MASTER TENANT MANAGER,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-22    Present
 LLC
CF WEST END MASTER TENANT MEMBER,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-22    Present
 LLC
CF WEST END, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-22    Present
CF Westchester Depositor, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
CF Westchester Manager, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
CF Westchester Master Tenant, LLC   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
CF Westchester, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
CF WG INVESTORS, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
CF WG MANAGER, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
CF WG NET LEASE EQUITY, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-16    Present
CF WG NET LEASE HOLDINGS, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
CF WG NET LEASE MEZZ, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-16    Present
CF WG NET LEASE, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
CF WYATT DEPOSITOR, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
CF WYATT MANAGER, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
CF WYATT MASTER TENANT, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
CF WYATT, LLC                       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-21    Present
CF&Co HOLDINGS, L.P.                Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Apr-13    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CF&CO, LLC                          Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-13    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFAC HOLDINGS IV, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jan-20     Sep-24
CFAC HOLDINGS IX, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS V, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jan-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS VI, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS VII, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS VIII, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS X, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS XI, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS XII, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS XIII, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS XIV, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS XIX, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS XV, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS XVI, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O          Jul-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS XVII, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS XVIII, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS XXI, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS XXII, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS XXIII, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS XXIV, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS XXV, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Mar-21    Present
CFAC HOLDINGS XXX, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Mar-21    Present
CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS IX,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
 LLC
CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS VIII,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
 LLC
CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS X, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XI,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
 LLC
CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XII,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
 LLC
CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XIII,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
 LLC
CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XIV,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
 LLC
CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XIX,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
 LLC
CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XV,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
 LLC
CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XVI,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
 LLC
CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XVII,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
 LLC
CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XVIII,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
 LLC
CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XX,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
 LLC
CFAL, LLC                           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Dec-17     Feb-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFAS HOLDINGS I, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Oct-12     Dec-23
CFBH AURORA MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
CFBH AURORA, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
CFBH GLENMUIR MANAGER, LLC          Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    May-21    Present
CFBH INDUSTRY MANAGER, LLC          Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
CFBH INDUSTRY MASTER TENANT, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-21    Present
CFBH INDUSTRY, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
CFBH LEGACY AT FOX VALLEY MANAGER,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
 LLC
CFBH LEGACY AT FOX VALLEY, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
CFBH RAILWAY MANAGER, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-19    Present
CFBH RAILWAY, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
CFBH RIVERVIEW MANAGER, LLC         Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
CFBH RIVERVIEW, LLC                 Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
CFBH Summit Ridge Manager, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-24    Present
CFBH Summit Ridge, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-24    Present
CFBH WEST END MANAGER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-22    Present
CFBH WEST END MASTER TENANT, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
CFBH WEST END, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
CFCAF ARBORETUM MANAGER, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
CFCAF ARBORETUM, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
CFCAF ARRABELLA MANAGER, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
CFCAF ARRABELLA, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
CFCAF BALA WOODS, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-22    Present
CFCAF CHISHOLM MANAGER, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
CFCAF CHISHOLM, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
CFCAF EMERSON MANAGER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
CFCAF EMERSON, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
CFCAF EVOKE MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-20    Present
CFCAF EVOKE, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-20    Present
CFCAF Hendry Manager, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
CFCAF HENDRY, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
CFCAF KACEY MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-21    Present
CFCAF KACEY, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
CFCAF PALMS MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
CFCAF PALMS MASTER TENANT, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
CFCAF PALMS, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
CFCAF PEARLAND MANAGER, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-23    Present
CFCAF PEARLAND, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-23    Present
CFCAF SILVERSTREAM MANAGER, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
CFCAF STATION MANAGER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-20    Present
CFCAF STATION, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-20    Present
CFCCHLP, LLC                        Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-05    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFCO HOLDINGS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-13    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFE ACQUISITION I LIMITED           Memorandum of Association and  Director                    Apr-21    Present
                                     Articles of Association
CFGM CF&CO HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFGM CFS HOLDINGS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFHGI Archer Manager, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
CFHGI Archer, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-23    Present
CFHGI RIVERWORKS MANAGER, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-24    Present
CFHGI RIVERWORKS, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-24    Present
CFHGI Westchester Manager, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
CFHGI Westchester, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
CFHKCM HOLDINGS I, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFHKCM HOLDINGS II, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFHZ ARROW CANYON MANAGER, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
CFHZ ARROW CANYON, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
CFHZ BELLEVUE MANAGER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-19    Present
CFHZ BELLEVUE, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-19    Present
CFHZ RIVERTOP MANAGER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
CFHZ RIVERTOP, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
CFHZ SUMMERFIELD MASTER TENANT JV,  Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
 LLC
CFHZ WYATT MANAGER, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-21    Present
CFI PROPERTY MANAGEMENT, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
CFIM ACQUISITIONS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-16    Present
CFIM ADVISORS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-21    Present
CFIM HOLDINGS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-16    Present
CFIT ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
CFIT PROPERTY MANAGEMENT, LLC       Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
CFIT REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS, LLC   Limited Liablitiy Company      C.E.O                       Oct-19    Present
CFLP CANTOR INSURANCE GROUP         Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Mar-23    Present
 HOLDINGS, L.P.                                                     and C.E.O.
CFLP CANTOR INSURANCE GROUP         Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-23    Present
 HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
CFLP CF&CO HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFLP CF&CO I HOLDINGS, L.P.         Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFLP CFS HOLDINGS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFLP CFS I HOLDINGS, L.P.           Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFMEI, LLC                          Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-07     Feb-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFPH II, LLC                        Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFPH, LLC                           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFRPM CANYON CREEK MANAGER, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-24    Present
CFRPM CANYON CREEK, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-24    Present
CFRPM Remy Manager, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-24    Present
CFRPM Remy, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-24    Present
CFS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY CANADA    Unlimited Company              President                   Mar-12    Present
 CORP.
CFS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY CANADA    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-12    Present
 HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
CFS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY CANADA,   Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Mar-12    Present
 L.P.                                                               and C.E.O.
CFS CF&CO HOLDINGS, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Sep-05    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFS CF&CO I HOLDINGS, L.P.          Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Feb-19    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFS MEXICO HOLDINGS I, L.P.         Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Sep-11     Feb-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFS MEXICO HOLDINGS II, L.P.        Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Sep-11     Feb-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFS MEXICO HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-13     Feb-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFS11 HOLDINGS, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-17     Nov-23
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CFV INVESTMENTS, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Mar-24    Present
CFWD SAWYER MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-18    Present
CFWD SAWYER, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-18    Present
CG ANALYTICS, INC.                  Corporation                    Director and Chairman       Nov-15    Present
                                                                    of the Board of
                                                                    Directors
CG TECHNOLOGY CHINA, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman of the Board       Nov-15    Present
                                                                    of Directors
CG TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-15    Present
CG TECHNOLOGY GP, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman of the Board       Nov-15    Present
                                                                    of Directors
CG TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, L.P.        Limited Partnership            Chairman of the Board       Jan-16    Present
                                                                    of Directors
CG TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Managing Member,            Apr-15    Present
                                                                    Manager, Chairman and
                                                                    C.E.O.
CG TECHNOLOGY NJ, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman of the Board       Nov-15    Present
                                                                    of Directors
CG TECHNOLOGY US, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman of the Board       Nov-15    Present
                                                                    of Directors
CG TECHNOLOGY, INC.                 Corporation                    Chairman of the Board       Nov-15    Present
                                                                    of Directors
CG TECHNOLOGY, L.P.                 Limited Partnership            Chairman of the Board       Nov-15    Present
                                                                    of Directors
CG TECHNOLOGY, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman of the Board       Nov-15    Present
                                                                    of Directors
CIHLP II LLC                        Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-13    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CIHLP LLC                           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-13    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CITHAERON PARTNERS HOLDINGS, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-07     Feb-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CITHAERON PARTNERS, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-07     Feb-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CLAIM COLLECTIONS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CLM ADVISORS HOLDINGS, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-23    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CLM ADVISORS, L.P.                  Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Mar-23    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CLM AGENCY HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-23    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CLM AGENCY, L.P.                    Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Mar-23    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
CRPPH, LLC                          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
CVAFH I, LLC                        Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jul-13    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
DDC FINANCE, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-14    Present
DDCAC, LLC                          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         May-13    Present
DELIVERY HOLDINGS, L.P.             Limited Partnership            President                   Jul-21    Present
DELIVERY HOLDINGS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      President                   Jul-21    Present
DELIVERY.COM, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jul-09    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
DG-1 ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGER, LLC    Limited Liablity Company       Chairman                    Jun-15    Present
DG-1 DEPOSITOR, LLC                 Limited Liablity Company       Chairman                    Jun-15    Present
DG-1 PROPERTY MANAGEMENT, LLC       Limited Liablity Company       Chairman                    Jun-15    Present
DLI 24, LLC                         Limited Liablitiy Company but  Managing Member,            Feb-24    Present
                                     treated as a Partnership for   Chairman, and C.E.O.
                                     tax pursposes
EATS MEDIA, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-09     Oct-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
ESV LLC                             Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
FINTAN PARTNERS, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-14    Present
GGAM BAHAMAS LIMITED                Limited Liability Company      Director, Secretary,        May-15    Present
                                                                    and Vice Chairman
GLOBAL GAMING ASSET MANAGEMENT      Limited Liability Company      Chairman of the Board,      Sep-10    Present
 HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      President, and C.E.O.
GLOBAL GAMING ASSET MANAGEMENT,     Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Sep-10    Present
 L.P.                                                               and C.E.O.
GLOBAL GAMING PHILIPPINES, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Co-Chairman                 May-14    Present
GRCH, LLC                           Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-15    Present
GREAT AUK, LLC                      Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
HELIX FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
HELIX FINANCIAL SYSTEMS, L.P.       Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Apr-11    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
HOLLYWOOD STOCK EXCHANGE, LL+D974C  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Feb-07    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
INDEPENDENT MARKET SERVICES, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15     Feb-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
INNOVATIONS HOLDINGS, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
INSTASHIP LLC                       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-12    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
INTERACTIVE GAMES LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-15    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
LAS VEGAS SPORTS MOBILE, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman of the Board       Nov-15    Present
                                                                    of Directors
LEGAL INFOSYSTEMS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15     Jan-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
LEGAL INFOSYSTEMS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15     Jan-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
LET'S DO DELIVERY,LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President         Jan-23    Present
LEXNET, L.P.                        Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Apr-06    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
LIFE INSURANCE ARCHITECTS GP, LLC   Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-06     Jan-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
LIFE INSURANCE ARCHITECTS, L.P.     Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Nov-06     Jan-24
                                                                    and C.E.O.
LIFE INSURANCE DEPOSITORY           Corporation                    Director, Chairman,         Jul-11    Present
 CORPORATION                                                        President and C.E.O.
LIFE SETTLEMENTS INTERNATIONAL,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        May-07     Jan-24
 LLC                                                                and C.E.O.
LINEAGE ASSET COMPANY, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Sole Manager, Chairman,     Jul-14    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
MARCH MANAGEMENT GROUP, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        May-17    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
MARKET DATA CORPORATION             Corporation                    Chairman, President,        Apr-07    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
MODEL ACTUARIAL PRICING SYSTEMS     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-23    Present
 HOLDINGS, LLC
MODEL ACTUARIAL PRICING SYSTEMS,    Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-23    Present
 L.P.
NORTH DE ANZA BOULEVARD, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-21    Present
PARK AVENUE INVESTMENT HOLDINGS,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-15    Present
 LLC
RDN PROPERTY MANAGEMENT, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-20    Present
RESOLUTION RECOVERY PARTNERS GP     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-14     Sep-24
 LLC
RESOLUTION RECOVERY PARTNERS        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-14     Sep-24
 MANAGEMENT, LLC
RESOLUTION RECOVERY PARTNERS        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-14     Sep-24
 MANAGER, LLC
RGGSR 1035 BATTERY STREET, LLC      Limited Liability Company      C.E.O                       Aug-19    Present
RGSSR BATTERY STREET MANAGER, LLC   Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Sep-19    Present
RODIN INCOME ADVISORS, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-18    Present
RODIN INCOME TRUST OP HOLDINGS,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         May-16    Present
 LLC
RRP MANAGEMENT, LLC                 Limited Liablity Company       Chairman                    May-15     Sep-24
STRUCTURED SERVICES INVESTMENT LO,  Limited Liability Company      President                   Mar-19    Present
 LLC                                 (Taxed as C-Corp)
STRUCTURED SERVICES INVESTOR, LLC   Limited Liability Company      President                   Mar-19    Present
THE CANTOR FITZGERALD FOUNDATION    Corporation                    Chairman, President         Aug-01    Present
THE CANTOR FITZGERALD RELIEF FUND   Corporation (501c3 Charity)    Director                    Sep-08    Present
THL 24, LLC                         Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Mar-24    Present
TOWER BRIDGE INTERNATIONAL          Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jan-07    Present
 SERVICES HOLDINGS, L.P.                                            and C.E.O.
TOWER BRIDGE INTERNATIONAL          Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jan-07    Present
 SERVICES HOLDINGS, LLC                                             and C.E.O.
VIEW PRINCIPAL MEMBER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Managing Member,            May-24    Present
                                                                    Chairman, and C.E.O.
VIEW TOPCO, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Board of Managers           May-24    Present
                                                                    Member, Chairman
WATER MILL 27 ASSOCIATES, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-15    Present
WG MANAGER 1, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-20    Present
WG MANAGER 2, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-20    Present
WG MANAGER 3, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-20    Present
WG MANAGER 4, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-20    Present
WG MANAGER 5, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-20    Present
WG NET LEASE INVESTORS, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-20    Present
WG PROPERTY MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-20    Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                                     Annex C
                                    (BGC Group Inc. and Subsidiary Entities)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Entity                         Entity Type                   Position            From        To
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BGC POTEN & PARTNERS HOLDINGS, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Oct-18    Present
BGC RADIX ENERGY L.P.               Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
BGC REMATE HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
BGC SECURITIES (HONG KONG) LLC      Limited Liability Company      Director, Chairman, and     Oct-96    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
BGC SUNRISE HOLDINGS, L.P.          Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-16    Present
BGC TECHNOLOGY (HONG KONG)          Corporation                    Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
 HOLDINGS I, INC.
BGC TECHNOLOGY (HONG KONG)          Corporation                    Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
 HOLDINGS II, INC.
BGC TECHNOLOGY (HONG KONG)          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
 HOLDINGS III, LLC
BGC TECHNOLOGY (HONG KONG) LIMITED  Private Limited Company        Director                    Jul-00     Jan-22
BGC TECHNOLOGY BROKERAGE HOLDINGS,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
 LLC
BGC TECHNOLOGY BROKERAGE, L.P.      Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
BGC TECHNOLOGY ELX HOLDINGS, L.P.   Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
BGC TECHNOLOGY ELX HOLDINGS, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
BGC TECHNOLOGY MARKETS HOLDINGS,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
 LLC
BGC TECHNOLOGY MARKETS, L.P.        Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Feb-18    Present
BGC TECHNOLOGY, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
BGC TRADING HOLDINGS, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
BGC USA HOLDINGS, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-09    Present
BGC USA, L.P.                       Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-09    Present
BGCBI, LLC                          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
BGCCMHK HOLDINGS II, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-09    Present
BGCCMHK HOLDINGS, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-09    Present
BGCCMLP HOLDINGS, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-09    Present
BGCF HOLDINGS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-09    Present
BGCIHLP, LLC                        Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
BGCP II, INC.                       Corporation                    Chairman and C.E.O.         Dec-17    Present
CX FUTURES EXCHANGE HOLDINGS, L.P.  Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-15    Present
CX FUTURES EXCHANGE HOLDINGS, LLC   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-16    Present
CHART TRADING DEVELOPMENT, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
CX CLEARINGHOUSE HOLDINGS, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Director, Chairman, and     Apr-16    Present
                                                                    C.E.O.
eAB HOLDINGS, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-05    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
ELX FUTURES HOLDINGS, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, Director,         Jun-07    Present
                                                                    President, and C.E.O.
ESX CLEARING HOLDINGS, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-07    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
ESX CLEARING, L.P.                  Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-07    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
FENICS SOFTWARE, INC.               Corporation                    Director and Chairman       Aug-16    Present
FHLP HOLDINGS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Aug-18    Present
FHLP, L.P.                          Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Aug-18    Present
FMX FUTURES EXCHANGE HOLDINGS GP,   Limited Liability Company      Director, Chairman, and     Jul-18    Present
 LLC                                                                C.E.O.
FMX HOLDINGS, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Director, Chairman          Apr-23    Present
FMX SERVICES, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         May-19    Present
FREEDOM INTERNATIONAL HOLDING,      Limited Partnership            C.E.O. and President        Apr-01    Present
 L.P.
GFI FUTURES EXCHANGE LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
GFI GROUP INC.                      Corporation                    Chairman and C.E.O.         Feb-15    Present
GFI GROUP LLC                       Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Aug-16    Present
GFI MARKETS LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-16    Present
GFI SECURITIES LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-21     Mar-22
GFINET HOLDINGS INC.                Corporation                    Director and Chairman       Aug-16    Present
GFINET INC.                         Corporation                    Director, Chairman,         May-15    Present
                                                                    President and C.E.O.
GFIX LLC                            Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
IVG ENERGY, LTD                     Limited partnership            Chairman                    Sep-24    Present
LFI HOLDINGS, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
LIQUIDITY PARTNERS, L.P.            Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Sep-24    Present
LUCERA FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURES,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
 LLC
LUCERA FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
LUCERA INFRASTRUCTURES, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
LUCERA OPERATIONS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
LUCERA SERVICES, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
MINT BROKERS HOLDINGS I, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
MINT BROKERS HOLDINGS II, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
POTEN & PARTNERS GROUP, INC.        Corporation                    Chairman                    Apr-23    Present
POTEN & PARTNERS, INC.              Corporation                    Chairman                    Apr-23    Present
RMT EMPLOYMENT SERVICES HOLDINGS    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22     May-23
 I, LLC
RMT EMPLOYMENT SERVICES HOLDINGS    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
 II, LLC
RMT EMPLOYMENT SERVICES, S. DE      Variable Capital Limited       Alternate Director          Dec-20    Present
 R.L. de C.V.                        Liability Company
SAGE ENERGY PARTNERS, LP            Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Sep-24    Present
SAGE REFINED PRODUCTS, LTD.         Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Sep-24    Present
SEMINOLE CAPITAL MARKETS, L.P.      Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-10    Present
THE EURO BROKERS RELIEF FUND, INC.  Charitable Trust (501c3        Director                    Aug-06    Present
                                     Charity)
TOWER BRIDGE GP LIMITED             Private Limited Company        Director and Chairman       Dec-06    Present
TRADESOFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.        Corporation                    Director                    Feb-97    Present
TREASURYCONNECT LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-99    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                                     Annex D
                                  (Newmark Group Inc. and Subsidiary Entities)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Entity                         Entity Type                   Position            From        To
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
375 PARK INVESTMENTS HOLDINGS LLC   Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Dec-16    Present
BERKELEY POINT FINANCIAL SERVICES   Limited Liability Company      Director                    Sep-11    Present
 LLC
FULCRUM COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE LLC  Limited Liability Company      Co-Chairman                 Jul-17    Present
NEWMARK ACQUISITION CORP.           Corporation                    Director                    Sep-20    Present
NEWMARK ACQUISITION HOLDINGS, LLC   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
NEWMARK BPF HOLDINGS, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-17    Present
NEWMARK GP, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-17    Present
NEWMARK GROUP, INC.                 Corporation                    Director, Chairman of       Nov-16    Present
                                                                    the Board of Directors
NEWMARK HOLDINGS, L.P.              Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-17    Present
NEWMARK HOLDINGS, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-17    Present
NEWMARK NOTES, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-17    Present
NEWMARK PARTNERS, L.P.              Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Oct-17    Present
NEWMARK S11 GP. LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-17    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
NEWMARK S11 HOLDINGS, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-17    Present
NEWMARK S11 LP, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-17    Present
                                                                    and C.E.O.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                                     Annex E
                                           (Not-for-Profits & Boards)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Entity                         Entity Type                   Position            From        To
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National September 11 Memorial &    Not-for-Profit Corporation     Director                    Jan-06    Present
 Museum
Partnership for New York City       Not-for-Profit Corporation     Director                    Jan-11    Present
WEIL CORNELL MEDICINE               Medical College                Board Fellow                Jul-23    Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                Annex F
    All information is redacted.

                    Annex G (Political Contributions)
               Howard W. Lutnick--Political Contributions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Date                         Name                    Amount
------------------------------------------------------------------------
9/29/2014              Americans ForResponsible                 5,000.00
                        Solutions PAC
11/3/2014              Jolly Victory                            7,600.00
3/15/2015              Right To Rise Super PAC, Inc            25,000.00
9/17/2015              Jeb 2016 Inc                             5,400.00
9/25/2015              Friends Of David Jolly                   5,400.00
8/10/2016              Marco Rubio For Senate 2016              2,700.00
11/1/2016              Arizona Grassroots Action               25,000.00
11/1/2016              Schumer Committee For The               32,000.00
                        Majority
12/9/2016              58th Presidential Inaugural          1,000,000.00
                        Committee
5/17/2017              Republican National Committee          250,000.00
10/20/2017             Mwphy For Governor                       4,300.00
6/28/2018              Republican National Committee          250,000.00
7/31/2018              Zeldin For Congress                      5,400.00
8/9/2019               Trump Victory-Revenue                  250,000.00
6/3/2020               Zeldin For Congress                        500.00
9/25/2020              Republican National Committee          250,000.00
9/25/2020              AIPAC                                   25,000.00
12/22/2020             Senate Leadership Fund               1,000,000.00
5/10/2021              New Yorkers For Tali                    10,000.00
6/9/2021               Vote For NYC's Future Inc.              25,000.00
6/11/2021              New Start NYC                           15,000.00
6/16/2021              Take Back The House 2022               754,500.00
4/11/2022              Honor Pennsylvania Inc.                100,000.00
4/20/2022              A New New York                         100,000.00
6/30/2022              Take Back The House 2022               488,400.00
6/30/2022              Congressional Leadership Fund        1,000,000.00
11/14/2022             America For Everyone                 1,000,000.00
4/3/2023               Congressional Leadership Fund          200,000.00
4/3/2023               Protect The House 2024                 500,800.00
11/17/2023             Republican National Committee          413,000.00
12/29/2023             Make America Great Again Inc.          250,000.00
12/29/2023             Keystone Renewal PAC                   500,000.00
1/16/2024              American Exceptionalism PAC            150,000.00
1/26/2024              Make America Great Again Inc.          750,000.00
4/1/2024               2024 RNC Victory                       409,700.00
5/15/2024              Keystone Renewal PAC                   500,000.00
8/5/2024               Make America Great Again Inc.        5,000,000.00
9/26/2024              TeamMcCormick                          300,000.00
9/30/2024              Congressional Leadership Fund        1,500,000.00
10/16/2024             Make America Great Again Inc.        3,000,000.00
10/21/2024             Turnout for America                  2,000,000.00
10/23/2024             Trump Vance 2025 Transition, Inc.      600,000.00
11/1/2024              The Sentinel Action Fund               250,000.00
11/4/2024              Friends of Andy Barr                     5,800.00
12/23/2024             Trump Vance Inagural Committee       1,047,000.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                Allison Lutnick--Political Contributions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Date                         Name                     Amount
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11/3/2014            Jolly Victory Committee                    7,600.00
5/9/2015             Friends Of Schumer                        10,000.00
9/27/2015            Friends Of David Jolly                     5,400.00
6/30/2018            Bob Hugin For Senate                       5,400.00
4/8/2021             New York For Ray                         250,000.00
5/11/2021            New Yorkers For Schumer                   11,600.00
10/23/2024           PA Victory                               292,400.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------

         Annex H (Public Statements, TV, News, Radio, Podcasts)
Company Press Releases:
https://ir.bgcg.com/news/bgc-s-howard-w-lutnick-nominated-for-u-s-
secretary-of-commerce/c9ecc757-0c0e-4404-8862-1061fd755666/

https://www.nmrk.com/insights/press-releases/newmarks-howard-w-lutnick-
nominated-for-u-s-secretary-of-commerce
Relevant Articles:
https://www.ft.com/content/8a8a470d-4bf6-4ac5-9f25-ad546eee31af

https://www.wsj.com/business/howard-lutnick-cantor-fitzgerald-trump-
administration-a01f3abc

https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/howard-lutnick-donald-trump-
transition-committee-20241023.html

TV Interviews: https://grabien.com/file/
getmedia?id=2737182&key=5c4bbdb27e6
117bd36185fad77ca643b&userid=17147

https://grabien.com/file/
getmedia?id=2737180&key=04e525c7040576777d4d3f9de78
3e492&userid=17147

https://grabien.com/file/
getmedia?id=2737172&key=8c4cbbef2403038fcedd2dafdc3
847ac&userid=17147

https://grabien.com/file/
getmedia?id=2737176&key=8612ecb0057464d37d79465614
b99c3e&userid=17147

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQ0Mgu7knFpeVJLGmZ9mcIA

https://www.cnbc.com/video/2024/10/24/union-rank-and-file-workers-will-
vote-for-trump-says-trump-transition-co-chair-howard-lutnick.html

https://www.cnbc.com/video/2024/09/09/balanced-tariffs-make-the-most-
sense-for-u-s-economy-says-cantor-fitzgeralds-howard-lutnick.html

https://www.cnbc.com/video/2024/07/17/watch-cnbcs-full-interview-with-
cantor-fitzgeralds-howard-lutnick.html

https://youtu.be/LESkb0qGFiU?si=u7HpiVlGDg0M756z

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LESkb0qGFiU

https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/lots-leaders-wa1l-street-
privately-supporting-trump-transition-team-co-chair-says
Podcasts:
The Pomp Podcast (Anthony Pompliano): https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=4Aign
545PPA&t

The Gary Vee Experience (Gary Vaynerchuck)

   Part 1: https://youtu.be/BkAVV7RiGwc?si=hydMznMlQ0gI2BvT

   Part 2: https://youtu.be/PG74X8-tydY?si=20wLjpBuJ-O8jDk4

Nothing Left Unsaid (Tim Green): https://youtu.be/
KsLbTGlFgBY?si=KRZcNKMY
CEsZNlM0

                                 X posts
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Date                 Content                       Link
------------------------------------------------------------------------
12/19/24         Great to see the fantastic   https://x.com/
                  @kloeffier in the Senate     howardlutnick/
                  offices ahead of the        status/1869868171600998650
                  holidays. President Trump
                  has assembled a power
                  house team for his next
                  Administration. https://
                  t.co/9rH179UdmR
12/13/24         Congratulations to my        https://x.com/
                  friend @RepFrenchHill on     howardlutnick/
                  his election to chair of    status/1867555342995116253
                  the House Financial
                  Services Committee. He
                  will do an amazing job.
12/12/24         Thank you@SenTedBuddNC. I    https://x.com/
                  look forward to working      howardlutnick/
                  with you to enact           status/1867276730689351883
                  President Trump's economic
                  policies and unleash our
                  economy. https://tco/
                  z4xcG5Cns2
12/11/24         It has been one of the       https://x.com/
                  greatest honors of my life   howardlutnick/
                  to help my good friend.     status/1866967268032385262
                  President Donald Trump.
                  Thanks to his leadership,
                  we have assembled the most
                  extraordinary team in the
                  history of this country.
                  Now it's time to Make
                  America Great Again.
11/30/24         Interesting for sure.        https://x.com/
                                               howardlutnick/
                                              status/1862846771082269009
11/30/24         @TrumpDailyPosts             https://x.com/
                  Interesting for sure.        howardlutnick/
                                              status/1862846526667522213
11/19/24         Thank you, President Trump   https://x.com/
                  for your trust in me to      howardlutnick/
                  help Make America Great     status/1858994052504711380
                  Again. As the next
                  Secretary of Commerce. I
                  will join the best
                  administration the US has
                  ever seen and unleash our
                  full economic potential
                  https//t.co/CTrOsdH6nt
11/10/24         Yes. @elonnrusk and I        https://x.com/
                  cannot agree more.           howardlutnick/
                                              status/1855703313146098105
11/6/24          I cannot be happier or more  https://x.com/
                  proud @realDonaldTrump       howardlutnick/
                  will be our 47th            status/1854073709314658573
                  President. I really
                  enjoyed helping him. his
                  amazing family, Susie,
                  Chris, and his
                  extraordinary team. The
                  campaign was impressive.
                  The American people spoke
                  loudly and clearly. and we
                  will have four years with
11/5/24          Today is the day. I am       https://x.com/
                  proud to vote for            howardlutnick/
                  President                   status/1853792377086828718
                  @realDonaldTrump. He will
                  protect the American
                  workforce, unleash our
                  country's ingenuity, and
                  strengthen our economy.
                  Join me in going to the
                  polls and we will Make
                  America Great Again
10/31/24         To be clear, my wife and I   https://x.com/
                  trust our doctors and        howardlutnick/
                  following their advice      status/1851848114573054407
                  have vaccinated our
                  children and ourselves.
                  However, not everybody
                  trusts such advice or the
                  FDA. We would be doing
                  everyone a service if the
                  government respected Bobby
                  Kennedy's request to make
                  the full data
10/30/24         I met with Bobby Kennedy     https://x.com/
                  for over two hours and he    howardlutnick/
                  was the opposite of what    status/1851809029724459146
                  the media portrays.
                  Sunlight is the best
                  disinfectant--he wants to
                  study the full data (not
                  what the NIH decides to
                  put out) and let the
                  American people decide.
                  https://t.co/6vKNdYkVa7
10/29/24         I'm excited to be worlcing   https://x.com/
                  with RFK Jr. on protecting   howardlutnick/
                  America's health. https://  status/1851328268504326472
                  t.co/13uYhGzEwE
10/28/24         Amazing conversation with    https://x.com/
                  @apompliano--he's focused    howardlutnick/
                  on all the right things.    status/1850997008326087135
                  We discussed #Bitcoin and
                  Stablecoins, as well as
                  the upcoming election--the
                  outcome will determine
                  whether or not we can fix
                  our broken country.
10/27/24         Elon Musk says we can rip    https://x.com/
                  $2 trillion in waste from    howardlutnick/
                  our budget. Let's do it.    status/1850712956683575326
10/27/24         Let's go New York! We must   https://x.com/
                  reelect @realDonaldTrump.    howardlutnick/
                  https://t.co/UUUShjh0wB     status/1850708009904722083
10/27/24         Thank you New York! We must  https://x.com/
                  reelect @realDonaldTrump.    howardlutnick/
                  https://t.co/LoDIQHoxeb     status/1850707765011870125
10/27/24         The United States owns the   https://x.com/
                  spectrum, and it should      howardlutnick/
                  only be auctioned for use   status/1850516349904146465
                  by those who agree to be
                  nonpartisan. Companies
                  that do business with
                  America shouldn't be
                  allowed to use that power
                  for partisan politics.
                  Simple rule: The Companies
                  that use the U.S.
                  government's
10/26/24         President Trump is the       https://x.com/
                  business winner to run the   howardlutnick/
                  country. Not a permanent    status/1850355725244969054
                  politician who's never
                  created anything in her
                  life. https://t.co/
                  l2oJLAepul
10/25/24         The biggest business         https://x.com/
                  leaders in our country       howardlutnick/
                  support President Trump in  status/1849831119358705968
                  this election. The stakes
                  are too high. And in 12
                  days, we'll all work
                  together to unleash the
                  power of the United States
                  of America. https://t.co/
                  mwNjcCYVPg
10/24/24         Inflation is up 20 percent   https://x.com/
                  under the Harris-Biden       howardlutnick/
                  administration, but they    status/1849471351679070708
                  continue to lecture us
                  about economic policy.
                  President Trump has
                  solutions, and it starts
                  on day one when we put an
                  end to our unfair trade
                  relationships. https://
                  t.co/jN6OPt7Chk
10/22/24         Opening up our domestic      https://x.com/
                  lithium reserves will        howardlutnick/
                  fundamentally improve       status/1848790890585751650
                  America. We will become
                  the lowest cost producer
                  of batteries and reduce
                  our ridiculous reliance on
                  imports. @elonmusk always
                  explains how costly and
                  absurd it is for him to
                  import lithium from
                  Australia for
10/22/24         I've gone to the top 150     https://x.com/
                  Republicans in the country   howardlutnick/
                  and their message is        status/1848777065312751783
                  simple: we're here to
                  help. These are the best
                  people driven by public
                  service and commitment to
                  President Trump's mission.
                  In 13 days, we will
                  reelect President Trump,
                  then the work begins.
                  https://t.co/vqL1DX1YMs
10/21/24         The price of McDonalds       https://x.com/
                  French Fries has gone up     howardlutnick/
                  44 percent in the past      status/1848457704890634467
                  five years. Have wages
                  risen significantly in
                  that period? No. And yet
                  the Democrats want you to
                  think you're better off
                  under the Biden-Harris
                  administration. We are
                  not. https://t.co/
                  kKkrIf5ltI
10/18/24         Thank you to Officer         https://x.com/
                  Skomski and all of the       howardlutnick/
                  officers of the @AHPOLICE   status/1847463493798150387
                  for keeping us secure at
                  tonight's community
                  roundtable in Detroit.
                  Patriots! https://t.co/
                  WR9dJTJr6A
10/17/24         President Trump needs        https://x.com/
                  allies in his                howardlutnick/
                  administration, not         status/1846967900558545327
                  staffers undermining his
                  agenda. There are over 70
                  million Trump supporters
                  across the country. And
                  the best people are ready
                  to take the field on day
                  one to Make America Great
                  Again. https://t.co/
                  6s9mRn5ZQz
10/16/24         It's nonsense that Ireland   https://x.com/
                  of all places runs a trade   howardlutnick/
                  surplus at our expense. We  status/1846588966058799234
                  don't make anything here
                  anymore--even great
                  American cars are made in
                  Mexico. When we end this
                  nonsense, America will be
                  a truly great country
                  again. You'll be shocked!
10/14/24         Welcome to DOGE. We will     https://x.com/
                  rip the waste out of our     howardlutnick/
                  $6.5 Trillion budget. Our   status/1845827179549982823
                  goal: Balance the Budget
                  of the USA. We must elect
                  Donald Trump President.
                  @elonmusk @realDonaldTrump
                  https://t.co/jTKBhr07m5
10/11/24         I like this one https://     https://x.com/
                  t.co/61Pv6DsXvQ              howardlutnick/
                                              status/1856152744945406281
10/9/24          Thanks @SenTedCruz for a     https://x.com/
                  great discussion today. I    howardlutnick/
                  appreciate your support!    status/1866297418578301131
10/7/24          Today, I had the great       https://x.com/
                  honor of accompanying        howardlutnick/
                  President @realDonaldTrump  status/1843401537650905408
                  to visit the tomb of Rebbe
                  Schneerson. We spent time
                  with Adi and Yael
                  Alexander, parents of Edan
                  (20 years old), one of the
                  American hostages held by
                  Hamas in Gaza for the last
                  year. @benshapiro also
                  joined
10/7/24          When a President asks you    https://x.com/
                  to serve, you serve. I am    howardlutnick/
                  proud to co-lead the Trump/ status/1843273849175208387
                  Vance 2025 Transition
                  team. @FT https://t.co/
                  WyRgTCBeMj
10/4/24          At first glance, today's     https://x.com/
                  jobs report numbers look     howardlutnick/
                  rosy, but there's a lot     status/1842269206873870783
                  more going on under the
                  hood. Let's break it down:
                   9,000
                  transportation and
                  warehousing jobs were lost
                  last month. 
                  Another 7,000
                  manufacturing jobs
                  disappeared, continuing
                  the trend of these jobs
10/3/24          This is correct.             https://x.com/
                  @realDonaldTrump will use    howardlutnick/
                  tariffs to build back       status/1841904040701296841
                  American factories and
                  industry. On top of that,
                  we will earn significant
                  revenues from these
                  tariffs to help balance
                  our budget instead of
                  dramatically raising taxes
                  on Americans. Some
                  countries will choose to
10/1/24          Senator @JDVance was very    https://x.com/
                  clear tonight--he cares      howardlutnick/
                  about the working men and   status/1841321449887305814
                  women of America. That's
                  what came through in the
                  #VPDebate. Watch my
                  interview with
                  @BloombergTV. https://t.co/
                  7RHfsQQOsM
10/1/24          Tune into @BloombergTV to    https://x.com/
                  hear my take on tonight's    howardlutnick/
                  #VPDebate.                  status/1841311801385894383
10/1/24          Senator @JDVance is          https://x.com/
                  fearless and that's what     howardlutnick/
                  you're going to see in the  status/1841282088634327518
                  #VPDebate tonight. He had
                  a difficult childhood, but
                  his story reflects the
                  American dream. I spoke
                  with @BBCNews about who he
                  is and how he and
                  President @realDonaldTrump
                  will fight for American
                  workers if https://t.co/
                  OZsJ3zgYZu
10/1/24          I just wrapped up with       https://x.com/
                  @FoxBusiness where I         howardlutnick/
                  explained how President     status/1841269066276667705
                  @realDonaldTrump and
                  @JDVance's economic
                  policies are going to
                  bring jobs that Americans
                  need back to our country.
                  We need President Trump to
                  protect and defend our
                  workforce. We need a
                  commander in chief. https:/
                  /t.co/E35dRamRX1
10/1/24          In just a few minutes I'll   https://x.com/
                  be joining @BBCNews to       howardlutnick/
                  discuss all things          status/1841268494798585930
                  #VPDebate. Watch live.
10/1/24          I'm about to be live on      https://x.com/
                  @FoxBusiness talking about   howardlutnick/
                  the #VPDebate. Tune in for  status/1841250844186128721
                  my thoughts on what to
                  watch for in tonight's
                  debate.
10/1/24          Tonight, Senator @JDVance    https://x.com/
                  is going to show the rest    howardlutnick/
                  of the country what I know  status/1841239332159426576
                  personally, that he is a
                  man of integrity, with our
                  Nation's best interests at
                  heart. When he visited BGC
                  Group on 9/11, he spoke
                  with deep compassion and
                  kindness about the loss we
                  experienced 23 https://
                  t.co/0EjIi99l5g
10/1/24          President                    https://x.com/
                  @realDonaldTrump's Op-Ed     howardlutnick/
                  in @Newsweek today is a     status/1841195302075641984
                  strong, clear statement on
                  how he will end the
                  gutting of our American
                  manufacturing, mining, and
                  drilling workforce and
                  bring back these jobs to
                  America. His plans are pro
                  our American workers. We
                  will deliver his vison
9/30/24          On day one of                https://x.com/
                  @realDonaldTrump's second    howardlutnick/
                  term, we will field an      status/1840744409362497607
                  incredible group of
                  talented individuals to
                  execute President Trump's
                  policies. Every day, world-
                  class people come up to me
                  and say they want to help
                  and/or serve. I cannot
                  wait.
9/28/24          Harris's tax policy will     https://x.com/
                  crush innovation in          howardlutnick/
                  America. Taxing unrealized  status/1840067302147912186
                  capital gains would
                  destroy venture capital
                  and innovation for tech
                  and health care companies,
                  severely limiting their
                  ability to raise capital.
                  They must raise funds to
                  grow. If she taxes that
                  pipeline, we https://t.co/
                  Ju4Hd5PAFv
8/23/24          Speculation about where the  https://twitter.com/
                  Fed is going with rates is   howardlutnick/
                  all over the place, but     status/1826963963914924036
                  I'm sticking with the call
                  I've been making all year.
                  One cut. It'll come in
                  September just to show off
                  before the election.
                 https://twitter.com/
                  howardlutnick/
                 status/1826963963914924036/
                  video/1
8/22/24          I look forward to            https://twitter.com/
                  supporting President         howardlutnick/
                  Trump, working alongside    status/1826431777096827037
                  this incredible group of
                  individuals.
                 https://twitter.com/
                  howardlutnick/
                 status/1826431777096827037/
                  photo/1
8/21/24          One of America's greatest    https://twitter.com/
                  strengths is that the        howardlutnick/
                  dollar is everywhere--      status/1826329920366411872
                  circulating globally,
                  being used as the world's
                  reserve currency.
                  @Tether_to has taken that
                  to the next level by
                  putting $USDT, the digital
                  dollar, into the hands of
                  people in emerging markets
                  across the
8/21/24          I was on @MariaBartiromo's   https://twitter.com/
                  show this morning            howardlutnick/
                  discussing President        status/1826320857863446638
                  Trump's economic policies.
                  Reduce regulation, lower
                  taxes, bring businesses
                  back to our country, and
                  unleash American
                  ingenuity. These policies
                  really work for our
                  American economy.
                  @FoxBusiness https://
                  twitter.com/morningsmaria/
                  status/1826245367849238692
8/21/24          I was on @MariaBartiromo's   https://twitter.com/
                  show this morning            howardlutnick/
                  discussing President        status/1826320234686386565
                  Trump's economic policies.
                  Reduce regulation, lower
                  taxes, bring businesses
                  back to our country, and
                  unleash American
                  ingenuity. These policies
                  really work for our
                  American economy.
                  @MorningsMaria
                  @FoxBusiness
8/9/24           I had the pleasure of        https://twitter.com/
                  hosting President Trump at   howardlutnick/
                  my home last week,          status/1821923618063810729
                  surrounded by 130
                  supporters who share his
                  vision for America. During
                  the evening, he answered
                  questions and spoke on the
                  key topics impacting our
                  country and the world at
                  large. I believe his
                  policies will be https://
                  twitter.com/howardlutnick/
                  status/1821923618063810729/
                  photo/1
8/9/24           I had the pleasure of        https://twitter.com/
                  hosting President Trump at   howardlutnick/
                  my home last week,          status/1821908546520227849
                  surrounded by 130
                  supporters who share his
                  vision for America. During
                  the evening, he answered
                  questions and spoke on the
                  key topics impacting our
                  country and the world at
                  large. I believe his
                  policies will be https://
                  twitter.com/howardlutnick/
                  status/1821908546520227849/
                  photo/1
8/9/24           I had the pleasure of        https://twitter.com/
                  hosting President Trump at   howardlutnick/
                  my home last week,          status/1821902015875698984
                  surrounded by 130
                  supporters who share his
                  vision for America. During
                  the evening, he answered
                  questions and spoke on the
                  key topics impacting our
                  country and the world at
                  large. I believe his
                  policies will be https://
                  twitter.com/howardlutnick/
                  status/1821902015875698984/
                  pho to/1
8/6/24           Former President Trump       https://twitter.com/
                  knows what needs to be       howardlutnick/
                  done to make America great  status/1820952994482909380
                  for business again. At the
                  recent fundraiser I hosted
                  for him we raised $15M to
                  send him back to the White
                  House. Incredible. https://
                  twitter.com/howardlutnick/
                  status/1820952994482909380/
                  photo/1
8/6/24           The #Bitcoin welcome party   https://twitter.com/
                  is heating up. https://      howardlutnick/
                  twitter.com/                status/1820903573711917490
                  BitcoinMagazine/status/
                  1820821552172089619
8/5/24           We need a second term for    https://twitter.com/
                  President Trump. https://    howardlutnick/
                  twitter.com/MarioNawfal/    status/1820462701816242276
                  status/1820440101328920778
8/2/24           I have known Former          https://twitter.com/
                  President @realDonaldTrump   howardlutnick/
                  for decades--I was even a   status/1819367756279509350
                  guest on The Apprentice
                  back in 2008. I appreciate
                  his kind words about me
                  and Cantor Fitzgerald
                  during his speech at
                  @TheBitcoinConf. It's
                  exciting to see him take a
                  supportive stance on
                  #Bitcoin, https://
                  twitter.com/howardlutnick/
                  status/1819367756279509350/
                  video/1
7/31/24          I am a fan of #Bitcoin.      https://twitter.com/
                  Cantor Fitzgerald is a fan   howardlutnick/
                  of Bitcoin, and our         status/1818734868886684076
                  investment bank is a
                  rockstar in the digital
                  asset space. We are just
                  getting started. Watch my
                  full speech at
                  @TheBitcoinConf Nashville
                  2024. https://twitter.com/
                  howardlutnick/status/
                  1818734868886684076/video/
                  1
7/31/24          It's nice when the whole     https://twitter.com/
                  world agrees with            howardlutnick/
                  something I've been saying  status/1818678297049375109
                  for months--interest rates
                  are staying put until
                  September. @BloombergTV
                  @sonalibasak @kgreifeld
                  https://www.youtube.com/
                  watch?v=sKKh0JnmuR8
7/31/24          It's nice when the whole     https://twitter.com/
                  world agrees with            howardlutnick/
                  something I've been saying  status/1818678110071542182
                  for months--interest rates
                  are staying put until
                  September. https://
                  www.youtube.com/
                  watch?v=sKKh0JnmuR8
7/28/24          Cantor is a rockstar in the  https://twitter.com/
                  digital space. We work       howardlutnick/
                  with miners, power, data    status/1817371827280232471
                  centers. We are here to
                  support you if you are in
                  the business of digital
                  assets and crypto.
7/22/24          I'm seeing a lot to like in  https://twitter.com/
                  the next few months First,   howardlutnick/
                  what would a new            status/1815396236775575928
                  administration mean for
                  the markets? The current
                  stock market is doing
                  pretty well, but it's
                  being driven largely by
                  the seven largest tech
                  firms. Republicans like
                  lower corporate tax rates
                  and less https://
                  twitter.com/howardlutnick/
                  status/1815396236775575928/
                  video/1
7/2/24           .@BillAckman @POTUS @FLOTUS  https://twitter.com/
                  I've been saying this all    howardlutnick/
                  along. Jill Biden doesn't   status/1808105259174068731
                  want to give up the power.
                  He doesn't fight her, so
                  the presidency is
                  effectively shared by
                  FLOTUS. She attends his
                  meetings and ``helps'' him
                  decide issues. Why should
                  She give up the nomination
                  and the power?
6/19/24          The group of governments     https://twitter.com/
                  known as BRICS, (Brazil,     howardlutnick/
                  Russia, India, China and    status/1803429352773697971
                  South Africa), has now
                  invited Iran to join. This
                  is literally the fight
                  over the U.S. dollar bring
                  the currency of the world.
                  The U.S. needs responsible
                  dollar-backed stablecoins.
                  The digital dollar matters
6/13/24          Not surprised by the Fed's   https://
                  decision this week--I've     twitter.comlhowardlutnick/
                  been saying this all year.
                  Even with inflation         status/1801352339443405113
                  numbers coming in better
                  than expected, there was
                  only ever going to be one
                  cut this year. Likely
                  September.
6/3/24           Very thoughtful analysis     https://
                  from @belier. This is how    twitter.comlhowardlutnick/
                  Americans should be
                  thinking about              status/1797670113241600275
                  stablecoins. The Dollar
                  Matters. https://
                  twitter.com/NFX/status/
                  1796190583775547524
5/31/24          Here's something I'm         https://
                  keeping an eye on. Biden     twitter.comlhowardlutnick/
                  has a resolution from
                  Congress on his desk (one   status/1796576178578374778
                  of the few bipartisan
                  wins) that overturns the
                  SEC's SAB 121, which
                  Congress realized is
                  ridiculous. SAB 121 forces
                  banks to record digital
                  assets on their balance
                  sheets, unlike other
5/23/24          SEC has approved the $ETH    https://
                  spot ETF. $BTC was moving    twitter.comlhowardlutnick/
                  earlier this week based on
                  the rumors. BTC owners      status/1793777661510046141
                  should view ETH as a BTC
                  levered derivative--same
                  direction but more
                  volatility. In my opinion,
                  Gensler knows that his
                  boss needs every vote and
                  made the right call. I
                  view...
1/16/24          No chance #Fed cutting       https://
                  175bps in 2024. $BGC stock   twitter.comlhowardlutnick/
                  performance off the charts
                  because interest rates are  status/1747382563843330374
                  back. BGC's Futures
                  Exchange, #FMX, to compete
                  with the CME in 2024.
                  $USDT and $BTC are the two
                  great crypto assets.
                  https://www.voutube.com/
                  watch?v=9bS30TgaHp4
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                LinkedIn
------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Date                  Content                        Link
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10/28/24        Amazing conversation with      https://www.linkedin.com/
                 Anthony Pompliano--he's        feed/
                 focused on all the right      update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                 things. We discussed Bitcoin  7256801571110309888
                 and Stablecoins, as well as
                 the upcoming election--the
                 outcome will determine
                 whether or not we can fix
                 our broken country.
10/07/24        Today, I had the great honor   https://www.linkedin.com/
                 of accompanying President      feed/
                 Donald Trump to visit the     update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                 tomb of Rebbe Schneerson. We  7249169069709389825
                 spent time with Adi and Yael
                 Alexander, parents of Edan
                 (20 years old), one of the
                 American hostages held by
                 Hamas in Gaza for the last
                 year. Ben Shapiro also
                 joined us for this
                 incredibly moving October
                 7th memorial. President
                 Trump stands with Israel and
                 the Jewish people all around
                 the world. #StandwithIsrael
                 #FreeEdan #BringThemHomeNow
10/04/24        At first glance, today's jobs  https://www.linkedin.com/
                 report numbers look rosy,      feed/
                 but there's a lot more going  update/urn:li:share:
                 on under the hood. Let's      7248034487542906880
                 break it down: 
                 9,000 transportation and
                 warehousing jobs were lost
                 last month.  Another
                 7,000 manufacturing jobs
                 disappeared, continuing the
                 trend of these jobs going
                 overseas due to anti-
                 business policies in the US.
                  The number of long-
                 term unemployed Americans
                 shot up by 97,000.
                 Hardworking Americans are
                 struggling to find jobs, and
                 it's not getting easier.
                 According to MarketWatch,
                 two-thirds of Americans
                 report living paycheck to
                 paycheck. This is not an
                 America with a thriving
                 workforce. We need to stem
                 the flow of jobs leaving the
                 country and take better care
                 of our workers. Our citizens
                 deserve a chance to thrive--
                 not struggle to survive.
10/01/24        President Donald Trump's Op-   https://www.linkedin,com/
                 Ed in Newsweek today is a      feed/
                 strong, clear statement on    update/urn:li:share:
                 how he will end the gutting   7246960927017725952
                 of our American
                 manufacturing, mining, and
                 drilling workforce and bring
                 back these jobs to America.
                 His plans are pro our
                 American workers. We will
                 deliver his vison and
                 rebuild America into an
                 industrial and manufacturing
                 powerhouse.
09/27/24        Yesterday, I told Maria        https://www.linkedin.com/
                 Bartiromo that Bitcoin is a    feed/
                 commodity. When you truly     update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                 understand Bitcoin, it's      7245448713966358528
                 hard to see it any other
                 way.
09/18/24        As I predicted in December     https://www.linkedin.com/
                 2023 and again in January      feed/
                 2024, the Fed started         update/urn:li:share:
                 cutting rates today. 50       7242235618859130880
                 basis points is a big red
                 flag. Remember the Fed has
                 much more timely economic
                 data than the rest of us.
                 This means our economy is in
                 much worse shape than we all
                 thought. This is a bad sign
                 for the economy heading into
                 November.
09/16/24        President Donald Trump's       https://www.linkedin.com/
                 policies will set the United   feed/
                 States on the path to         update/urn:li:share:
                 financial success. His        7241458171045646337
                 leadership on tax rates,
                 which will drive businesses
                 to invest in America,
                 tariffs, which will protect
                 American jobs and reduce our
                 deficit, and fundamental
                 reductions in regulation to
                 unleash American ingenuity,
                 are desperately needed to
                 keep our markets healthy and
                 our country growing. Watch
                 me explain his plan on CNBC.
09/13/24        Rosanna Scotto and Good Day    https://www.linkedin.com/
                 New York joined us at BGC      feed/
                 Group for a first-hand look   update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                 at what we accomplish         7240433032430514176
                 together during the Cantor
                 Fitzgerald Relief Fund's
                 Charity Day. I am proud of
                 the work that we continue to
                 do in memory of our 658
                 Cantor Fitzgerald and 61
                 Euro Brokers colleagues who
                 were killed on 9/11.
                 #CFCharityDay
09/13/24        This week Cantor Fitzgerald    https://www.linkedin.com/
                 and BGC Group raised           feed/
                 millions for charity and      update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                 honored the Cantor            7240344100506406914
                 Fitzgerald employees who
                 were killed on 9/11. I went
                 on Fox Business Network with
                 Liz Claman to talk about
                 Charity Day and what we need
                 to do to make sure our
                 country never faces a
                 tragedy like 9/11 again.
09/12/24        What happened to Cantor        https://www.linkedin.com/
                 Fitzgerald on 9/11 should      feed/
                 never be allowed to happen    update/urn:li:share:
                 again. Watch my full          7239839011375108096
                 interview on Bloomberg
                 Television with Sonali Basak
                 today, where we talk about
                 our Charity Day, Trump's
                 policies--including national
                 security--and a huge
                 announcement on our upcoming
                 FMX Futures Exchange launch.
09/03/24        Over the last five years,      https://www.linkedin.com/
                 Bitcoin has been an outsider   feed/
                 to the tradfi community, and  update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                 it's only now dipping its     7236846545642340356
                 toe into global finance.
                 Cantor will help tradfi
                 bring Bitcoin all the way
                 in. Tradfi wants new asset
                 classes, and BTC is here to
                 stay.
08/23/24        Speculation about where the    https://www.linkedin.com/
                 Fed is going with rates is     feed/
                 all over the place, but I'm   update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                 sticking with the call I've   7232731338712182784
                 been making all year. One
                 cut. It'll come in September
                 just to show off before the
                 election.
08/21/24        One of America's greatest      https://www.linkedin.com/
                 strengths is that the dollar   feed/
                 is everywhere--circulating    update/urn:li:share:
                 globally, being used as the   7232107867661557761
                 world's reserve currency.
                 Tether.io has taken that to
                 the next level by putting
                 USDT, the digital dollar,
                 into the hands of people in
                 emerging markets across the
                 world. Since USDT is backed
                 by tens of billions of U.S.
                 Treasuries, the 300 million
                 USDT wallet holders around
                 the world are helping
                 finance our debt. Bloomberg
                 News, Liz Capo McCormick
08/09/24        I had the pleasure of hosting  https://www.linkedin.com/
                 President Trump at my home     feed/
                 last week, surrounded by 130  update/urn:li:share:
                 supporters who share his      7227689539807391746
                 vision for America. During
                 the evening, he answered
                 questions and spoke on the
                 key topics impacting our
                 country and the world at
                 large. I believe his
                 policies will be critical in
                 ensuring American businesses
                 remain successful and our
                 role on the world stage
                 remains strong. I'm proud
                 together we raised $15
                 million.
07/31/24        I was honored to speak at      https://www.linkedin.com/
                 Bitcoin Nashville, alongside   feed/
                 my good friends, Former       update/urn:li:share:
                 President Donald Trump,       7224502473892192257
                 Vivek Ramaswamy, and Chris
                 Pavlovski. I believe in a
                 future where Bitcoin trades
                 freely around the world. And
                 we are going to do
                 everything in our power to
                 make it so that Bitcoin does
                 just that--without exception
                 and without limitation.
                 Cantor Fitzgerald is a
                 powerhouse group of
                 companies that specializes
                 in advising miners, power,
                 and data center businesses.
                 And now, we're launching a
                 new Bitcoin Financing
                 business with $2B to start--
                 it will be a game changer.
                 If you're in the digital
                 space, we're here for you.
07/23/24        I'm seeing a lot to like in    https://www.linkedin.com/
                 the next few months First,     feed/
                 what would a new              update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                 administration mean for the   7221634961307508737
                 markets? The current stock
                 market is doing pretty well,
                 but it's being driven
                 largely by the seven largest
                 tech firms. Republicans like
                 lower corporate tax rates
                 and less regulation, so a
                 Trump presidency will lower
                 those tax rates and bring
                 back business to the US.
                 Then, you'll see small caps
                 rally and drive the market
                 higher. That opens up a lot
                 of opportunities for M&A,
                 and that's where Cantor
                 Fitzgerald excels. Next, the
                 commercial real estate
                 landscape is going to
                 generate a massive amount of
                 opportunity, and Newmark is
                 going to come out on top.
                 For the last 14 years, we've
                 seen interest rates at 0
                 percent. Real estate is a
                 breathing bond, and interest
                 rates coming back in the
                 last couple of years are
                 crushing inflated real
                 estate values. A quarter-
                 percent cut in September
                 isn't going to make a bit of
                 difference. Banks aren't
                 going to lend those numbers,
                 so our business, which is
                 financing, leasing, and
                 selling buildings, is going
                 to be on fire. Everybody
                 needs money to refinance,
                 and we're the ones who can
                 find it. And maybe the most
                 fun part--we're going to
                 shake up the futures market.
                 BGC Group is the exchange
                 for everything that doesn't
                 trade on an exchange. When I
                 tell people that they ask,
                 ``Then why don't you create
                 an exchange?'' So, we did.
                 And it's coming. The FMX
                 Futures Exchange is going to
                 take on a perfect monopoly--
                 the CME. Every piece of the
                 puzzle is set. Every
                 regulatory approval. Ten of
                 the largest trading firms in
                 the world as our partners.
                 Cross margining and clearing
                 through LCH. It's going to
                 be great. Thanks CNBC, Sara
                 Eisen, and Carl Quintanilla
                 for having me on.
06/13/24        Not surprised by the Fed's     https://www.linkedin.com/
                 decision this week--I've       feed/
                 been saying this all year.    update/urn:li:share:
                 Even with inflation numbers   7207117336007356416
                 coming in better than
                 expected, there was only
                 ever going to be one cut
                 this year. Likely September.
05/31/24        Here's something I'm keeping   https://www.linkedin.com/
                 an eye on. Biden has a         feed/
                 resolution from Congress on   update/urn:li:share:
                 his desk (one of the few      7202341718300475392
                 bipartisan wins) that
                 overturns the SEC's SAB 121,
                 which Congress realized is
                 ridiculous. SAB 121 forces
                 banks to record digital
                 assets on their balance
                 sheets, unlike other client
                 assets. The admin said Biden
                 wants to veto the
                 resolution--he has until
                 Monday to make the call. SAB
                 121 keeps banks out of the
                 digital asset custody and
                 clearing business. Why? We
                 need to encourage, not
                 discourage, traditional
                 finance in the digital
                 world. Last week's green
                 light from the SEC for the
                 ETH ETF was correct. Let's
                 hope they get this right
                 too.
05/02/24        In December and January, I     https://www.linkedin.com/
                 went on CNBC, Bloomberg, and   feed/
                 CNN and made my rates call--  update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                 they are going nowhere.       7191817013982302208
                 Steady Eddie. The Fed made
                 that clear yesterday. I'm
                 thinking just one cut in
                 September ahead of the
                 election, just to show off,
                 but steady until then.
                 That's the call I made on
                 CNBC Overtime yesterday.
                 High rates for longer has
                 real consequences. The
                 commercial real estate
                 market has $1 trillion of
                 mortgages coming due this
                 year, $500 billion in 2025,
                 and another in 2026--1/3
                 will default, 1/3 need to
                 find new lenders, and 1/3
                 need help recapitalizing.
                 This is where Newmark shines
                 and we project huge growth
                 in 2026 based on these macro
                 fundamentals. We wrapped up
                 our conversation with BGC
                 Group's exciting news--we're
                 partnering with 10 of the
                 best investment banks and
                 market marking firms to take
                 on the CME. The FMX Futures
                 Exchange launches in
                 September! Let's go!!
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                         Annex I (Social Media)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Platform Name                Handle                   Link
------------------------------------------------------------------------
X                        @howardlutnick           https://x.com/
                                                   howardlutnick
Truth Social             @howardlutnick           https://
                                                   truthsocial.com/
                                                   @howardlutnick
LinkedIn                 Howard Lutnick           https://
                                                   www.linkedin.com/in/
                                                   howardwlutnick/
Instagram                @howardlutnick           https://
                                                   www.instagram.com/
                                                   howardlutnick/
YouTube                  @howardw.lutnick         https://
                                                   www.youtube.com/
                                                   @howardw.lutnick
Facebook                 Howard Lutnick           https://
                                                   www.facebook.com/
                                                   lutnick
Rumble                   @HowardLutnick           https://rumble.com/c/
                                                   HowardLutnick
------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                   
                                                   

    The Chairman. Thank you very much, Mr. Lutnick. Thank you 
for that heartfelt opening statement. Your background is very 
impressive. Not only have you led several companies, which are 
global leaders in financial services, real estate, and 
brokerage, you rebuilt Cantor Fitzgerald in the wake of the 
unspeakable tragedy of 9/11. I appreciate your willingness now 
to serve your nation.
    Let me start with just a general question. Why do you want 
to be the Secretary of Commerce?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think America is in a place to teach the 
world and to show the world what leadership is like, what a 
great economy is like, what taking care of its Americans is 
like. And to be part of that Administration, be part of this 
historic Trump administration, is one of the great honors of my 
life. So I am just looking forward to being a part of this 
Administration, to play my part in helping drive our economy's 
growth and driving the support and dedication to our American 
people.
    The Chairman. So in your business career you have been very 
successful. You have made a lot of money. You have told this 
committee, in your questionnaire, that you plan to divest your 
business interests in accordance with Federal laws and 
regulations to avoid any conflict of interest. Can you explain 
what your plan is regarding your business interests and whether 
you will consult with the designated agency ethics officials?
    Mr. Lutnick. So my plan is to only serve the American 
people, so I will divest, meaning I will sell all of my 
interests, all of my business interests, all of my assets, 
everything. I have worked together with the Office of 
Government Ethics, and we have reached agreement on how to do 
that, and I will be divesting within 90 days, upon my 
confirmation. So I should have no business interests, 
therefore, no conflicts of interest.
    I made the decision that I have made enough money in my 
life. I can take care of myself. I can take care of my family. 
It is now my chance to serve the American people. So upon 
confirmation, my businesses will be for sale, and someone else 
will lead them, going forward. But the Office of Government 
Ethics and I have reached agreement, we have signed the 
document, I have made it public, and going forward I will 
always consult--the Commerce Department has a great Ethics 
Department. I have already met with them, and I plan to stay in 
close contact with them and avoid all conflicts so I can just 
serve America.
    The Chairman. Thank you for that. Let's move to one of the 
important responsibilities you will have as Secretary of 
Commerce. The National Telecommunication and Information 
Administration, NTIA, is the lead agency for managing Federal 
Government spectrum, including critical mid-band spectrum. Over 
the past several years, Majority Leader Thune, Senator 
Blackburn, and I have all worked closely on a bill that would 
require NTIA to identify Federal spectrum that can be more 
efficiently used, freeing up some of that spectrum for 
commercial users.
    To dominate in next-generation wireless technologies, 5G 
and 6G, to stay ahead of our adversaries, and to advance strong 
economic growth, the U.S. must create a pipeline to expand 
commercial access to mid-band spectrum.
    Will you commit to working closely with myself, other 
members of this committee, on solutions that will expand 
commercial sector access to this key spectrum while, at the 
same time, protecting U.S. national security interests?
    Mr. Lutnick. You have got to ask me a tougher question than 
that. Absolutely, yes.
    The Chairman. So tell this committee, in your judgment--all 
right, let's try not a tougher one, but a natural follow up. 
Why is freeing up more commercial spectrum important? Why 
should the American people care that we get this accomplished?
    Mr. Lutnick. So we start by the NTIA is sort of the 
coordinator and the advisor to the Administration on spectrum. 
There are enormous amounts of spectrum held by the Department 
of Defense, right, and for our country to really reach the 
scale that it can be for it to be successful we need to be the 
leader in the world of 5G and 6G. So we have got to work 
closely with the Department of Defense, as you said. We have 
got to make sure, of course, to protect ourselves. But with all 
due respect, if I am going to be your Secretary of Commerce, I 
kind of lean toward commerce. So I would like to try to help us 
drive some of that spectrum toward our businesses, to free us 
to be the leader in spectrum in the world.
    The Chairman. Well, thank you. I look forward to working 
with you on that.
    Let's turn to NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration. Last year, an activist judge in Maryland 
vacated NOAA's existing biological opinion for the then-Gulf of 
Mexico. I would note that President Trump has renamed the Gulf. 
I have to say, I am partial to calling it the Gulf of Texas, 
but everyone can have their own opinion on that matter.
    NOAA must now file a new biological opinion on offshore 
work in the Gulf by May 21. NOAA is notoriously slow moving on 
these biological opinions, and if it fails to get this one done 
on time, it could shut down oil and gas operations in the Gulf. 
Can you commit to hold NOAA's feet to the fire to make sure 
that it meets the May 21 deadline for reissuing this biological 
opinion?
    Mr. Lutnick. I will work hard to make sure they meet that 
deadline, and we do our job on time, rigorously and 
thoughtfully, and we will, if I have anything to do with it to 
get it in.
    The Chairman. And can you further commit that you will do 
everything to ensure that NOAA does not actively hamper energy 
production in the Gulf such as by implementing unverified and 
unsafe vessel speed restrictions?
    Mr. Lutnick. I can commit to that. I do not understand. I 
will study, of course, the work of NOAA, but the speed 
restrictions seem illogical to our fishermen and to our 
businesses, so they need to be studied. But you have to take 
care of Americans as well. How about we put that at the top of 
the list? Let's take care of Americans.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Ranking Member Cantwell.
    Senator Cantwell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and again, Mr. 
Lutnick, thank you for your symbol of resiliency. It really is 
quite remarkable. Thank you for sharing even those most 
personal moments because I am sure it is hard to do no matter 
how many times you have done it, so thank you.
    I want to go as fast as I can, so if you can help me by 
being short answers, that would be great. I could cover more 
territory. Do you believe that the investments that we have 
made in the CHIPS and Science Act should be preserved?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think they are an excellent downpayment. As 
a structure, I think we need to get it right. I think we need 
to review them and get it right. But as the way the Congress 
has set it, it is an excellent downpayment in our ability to 
bring semiconductor manufacturing back to America.
    Senator Cantwell. OK. It is good to hear because the 
President has said a little differently on that point, so good 
to hear. And then on NOAA, do you believe in keeping NOAA 
together and its responsibilities together?
    Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
    Senator Cantwell. OK. We are hearing that maybe they are 
going to try to separate some of it out and put it in Interior. 
You would fight that?
    Mr. Lutnick. I want to do it right, and right now, Commerce 
is doing it right. We understand how to do it, and I expect to 
continue to understand how to do it. So I have no interest in 
separating it. That is not on my agenda.
    Senator Cantwell. Good to hear. I believe we need a NOAA 
Organic Act. Believe it or not, it is 60 percent of your 
budget, and there is no underlying policy in the law about 
NOAA. So to me, I think the way that my colleagues and I get 
good fisheries management is to put that into the law and say 
it is demanded, not what the whim of every scientist that comes 
along with a new administration, but we will talk about that 
later.
    OK. Let's turn to the rulemaking that we are talking about. 
ICU is a big rulemaker in a critical area, AI and exports, and 
the challenges that we face as a nation. So I am trying to get 
to who you are deep down about this, right, how are you going 
to go about this really challenging task, because I have some 
ideas about what I think make good principles here and why it 
is so important. Because if you want to move fast, you have to 
be collaborative. I know other people think you can just my way 
or the highway, but usually, that does not work. And so the 
ramifications, the best thing that we can do is work together 
collaboratively like we did on CHIPS and Science.
    OK, so did you advise the President or anyone in his 
Administration on his meme coins?
    Mr. Lutnick. I did not.
    Senator Cantwell. OK. Can you help me on this treasury 
issue, this little fight between Cantor Fitzgerald and CME, the 
settling of treasuries at the London Exchange. I do not 
understand this as it relates to a hierarchy of putting the 
United States treasuries in some drastic situation which we did 
not see before, right, on our debt, and the debt ceiling is 
this debate we are having. Are we going to pass the debt 
ceiling or not? So why do you believe that settling in a London 
Exchange would be good for U.S. treasuries?
    Mr. Lutnick. It was just the people speaking about it did 
not understand it. All U.S. treasuries are held by banks of the 
Federal Reserve in the United States of America. They cannot 
leave. So where the software was written, wherever it is 
written, the treasuries themselves, they always stay in 
America, the settling of treasury futures, of course, is in 
America. The partner Cantor Fitzgerald chose was the London 
Stock Exchange, which, of course, has been registered with the 
CME properly since the year 2000. So it was just a lack of 
understanding, good for the press, bad for knowledge. They just 
got it wrong.
    Senator Cantwell. I personally do not think this is--look, 
somebody tried to make my state the deep pockets on an Enron 
default, and I did not appreciate it, and I passed a new law 
against the manipulation. So I know this very well. In fact, 
the Treasury Secretary just got asked by my colleague, Senator 
Cornyn, in a hearing last week what he thought about this. And 
he was like, ``No. It shouldn't be ever.'' U.S. treasuries in a 
debt hierarchy of a failure should never have London making 
decisions before we make decisions. And so I will ask you more 
for the record about that. But I think Mr. Bessent got it 
right, and I hope that we can get a better answer from you.
    On the one-to-one issue, I get that Tether had a problem, 
they basically were not. As a stablecoin exchange, you came in, 
the CFTC fined them, and then you came into the picture. And so 
my question is are you prepared, do you think the market needs 
to comply with audits about whether one-to-one ratios really 
exist on stablecoins?
    Mr. Lutnick. I believe stablecoins, U.S. dollar 
stablecoins, should be audited, should be completely backed by 
U.S. treasuries, 100 percent.
    Senator Cantwell. But how do we prove that if necessary, is 
my question?
    Mr. Lutnick. Well, an audit, U.S. audit and one-to-one 
backed by U.S. treasuries, and last, you cannot change the 
rules, meaning if someone has bought the stablecoin, you cannot 
change the price. If someone has made a deposit with you, you 
cannot say I am going to withdraw, you are going to change the 
price.
    Senator Cantwell. So you really believe in a robust audit 
process and more opening than it exists today?
    Mr. Lutnick. For sure.
    Senator Cantwell. Thank you. OK. Did you ever own Tether?
    Mr. Lutnick. A Tether? No.
    Senator Cantwell. Any Tether, any backdoor. Did you own 
Tether?
    Mr. Lutnick. Cantor Fitzgerald, if you are asking for me, 
no. Cantor Fitzgerald has no equity in Tether.
    Senator Cantwell. I am not trying to be clever here. I am 
trying to get did you or Cantor Fitzgerald own Tether other 
than the one-to-one backing?
    Mr. Lutnick. Sorry. I am trying to answer, so----
    Senator Cantwell. Did you as an investor ever invest or own 
Tether, or did anybody at Cantor Fitzgerald other than the one-
to-one backing own Tether?
    Mr. Lutnick. Cantor Fitzgerald owns a convertible bond with 
Tether, so is has a bond with Tether.
    Senator Cantwell. OK. So now this back again to this big 
task on export controls and thwarting China and dealing with 
this AI problem and all the various interests, I mean, I do 
have some concerns too. I am a big crypto person in general, as 
I said, CFTC oversight, but this issue about Tether and the 
amount of illicit market funding of Tether, the analysts who do 
this work now--I am for a more robust system--but the analysts 
who do it now think there is as much as $19 billion on Tether 
could be illicit activity by the North Koreans, the Russians, 
the Chinese. And so what do we do about that? What is your 
solution?
    Mr. Lutnick. So the number one instrument of the world of 
criminals is the U.S. dollar. The number two is the Euro. So 
these are just the things that people use. So Tether is the 
largest stablecoin, so criminals use it more than Circle, which 
is the second largest, has a ratio of the same. It is like 
blaming Apple because criminals use Apple phones. It is just a 
product. We do not pick on the U.S. treasury because criminals 
use dollars.
    So I think it is just a product. They are, and I have asked 
them to and they are, signed up with all U.S. Federal law 
enforcement. They follow all Federal law enforcement instantly.
    Senator Cantwell. So that is like saying that if you get a 
request from the FBI or DOJ, you are going to comply with maybe 
that wallet is doing, involved in illicit activity. I am asking 
you a different question. When you have Know Your Customers and 
any money laundering requirements, why aren't we taking more 
seriously a potential $19 billion illicit market that is going 
against the United States?
    So obviously, we have other ways to track dollars, and we 
use those, and that is how we are successful. We have passed a 
couple of things recently on fentanyl that have really helped 
us track and basically crack down on this. But on Tether, it is 
a big illicit market, potentially $19 billion, so I am wanting 
to know from you, because again, it is back to this whole 
crypto oversight, export controls, what are you going to do? 
What do you recommend we do to try to get a handle on that?
    Mr. Lutnick. So in my due diligence and Cantor Fitzgerald's 
due diligence, Tether did no business with anyone who was not 
KYC appropriate. The fact that at some point, their product was 
bought by someone and used it inappropriately, I think it is 
important for us----
    Senator Cantwell. Do you think secondary markets need rules 
here?
    Mr. Lutnick. Oh, it is entirely secondary market, but I 
think what we can do----
    Senator Cantwell. So secondary markets need rules. Chairman 
is going to cut me off, I am over my time, so thank you. But 
could you just answer that? You can answer it for the record or 
you can answer it now.
    Mr. Lutnick. I think AI tools used by the U.S. Government 
running through the blockchain of stablecoin issuers will rid 
the world of criminals using blockchain for illicit activity. 
Our ability to oversee that blockchain and rip through it with 
AI tools will eliminate it.
    Senator Cantwell. Thank you for that answer, and we will 
follow up. But we need an aggressive--the complexity here on 
conflict of interest, not you per se but in general, is a very 
big challenge here. So thank you so much, Mr. Chairman.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Leader Thune.
    Senator Thune. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And I think we have 
covered already the issue of spectrum, but we look forward to 
working with you on that. That is a critically important issue 
for our economy and our leadership in the world.
    I want to come back quickly to the NTIA Broadband Equity 
Access and Deployment Program. I did not vote for the 
legislation that created this program, but it provided over $42 
billion to expand Internet access to rural areas. And as you 
likely know, the program is yet to connect a single household. 
And the Biden administration included a number of requirements 
not envisioned by Congress in the program including climate 
change mandates, rate regulation, onerous labor requirements, 
and other concerning items, which is why they have not signed 
anybody up. And there is not a single telecom in South Dakota 
which represents and serves a lot of underserved areas that can 
use the program because of all these mandates and conditions 
they put on it.
    So my question is, will you commit to working with states 
to remove these requirements so that funds can go to truly 
unserved areas?
    Mr. Lutnick. I am going to work to make sure that Congress 
gets the benefit of the bargain. You want to get broadband into 
the hands of low income people, let's go do it. But let's do it 
efficiently and let's do it swiftly. Let's use satellites, 
let's use wireless, and let's use fiber. And let's do it the 
cheapest, most efficiently we can, and I commit to working with 
you to make sure the states execute and deliver on the promise 
that Congress has made.
    Senator Thune. And will you also work to ensure that this 
BEAD funding is only used for actual broadband infrastructure 
builds?
    Mr. Lutnick. Absolutely.
    Senator Thune. Well, thank you. I also mentioned, and you 
have talked about it already, alluded to artificial 
intelligence, but I believe we need to craft a legislative 
framework that provides basic accountability for high-risk AI 
models without onerous regulations. And as you and I know, the 
Biden administration only viewed AI as a threat that should be 
controlled. And I was encouraged to see President Trump's 
executive order reversing Biden's sweeping AI executive order 
and for his leadership in developing a comprehensive pro-
innovation AI plan that strengthens U.S. global leadership in 
AI.
    So I want to just get you, if you can, to talk generally, 
if confirmed, how you would approach AI regulation and to 
harness major advancements in artificial intelligence?
    Mr. Lutnick. So the Department of Commerce has led the 
world in cyber. Our cyber technology and cyber rules are the 
gold standard of the world. Let's leverage that model into the 
standards for artificial intelligence. Let's use what we are 
great at and leverage that again and use it again.
    So rather than think about it, we want to make sure we 
protect and defend our country, but we want to make sure that 
we lead. It has to be an American-driven leadership in AI. It 
is fundamental. So leverage what we are great at, and issue 
standards and practices like we did in cyber that will 
encourage private sector to be the dominant winner, as we are 
in America, we have got to do that and make sure we win in AI 
as well.
    Senator Thune. And I just think it is really important is 
we think about it that we do not stifle innovation. We want to 
be the leader. A light touch approach to this is what makes 
sense to me, and I hope as we move forward and Senator 
Klobuchar and I and others on this committee have a bill that 
we think gets at that, and I hope that we have an opportunity 
to work. This is one of those issues that ought to be 
bipartisan up here, I certainly think.
    I have a minute left, and I am yielding it back, Mr. 
Chairman because Senator Wicker reminded me that I have used a 
minute prior to my question time. He said three minutes, it was 
not really three minutes, but----
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Klobuchar.

               STATEMENT OF HON. AMY KLOBUCHAR, 
                  U.S. SENATOR FROM MINNESOTA

    Senator Klobuchar. This is why Senator Thune is the leader. 
We like that.
    Welcome. Thank you. We talked in my office about how I 
truly believe that if we are going to lead the global economy, 
and I know you share this belief, that we must make stuff, 
invent things, export to the world. And we made huge bipartisan 
progress on that front. Not everything has been done, we all 
know that, and we want to continue America's lead and 
competitive edge.
    One way we have done that, and Senator Cantwell asked you 
about this, is by groundbreaking investments in chips and 
semiconductors. Despite being the Land of 10,000 Lakes, I have 
actually never called about fish to the Commerce Department. 
But I have talked about these issues.
    So I just want to follow up on her question and just that 
Secretary Raimondo has done admirable work, I think, for both 
sides of the aisle on this and if you are going to continue to 
operate the CHIPS program?
    Mr. Lutnick. It is vital for America that we bring 
semiconductor manufacturing to the United States of America. We 
need domestic manufacturing. The CHIPS Act was an excellent 
down payment to begin that process. We need to study it. But we 
need to make sure that you get the benefit of the bargain, and 
domestic manufacturing of semiconductors happens in America.
    Senator Klobuchar. Got it. But are you going to keep 
operating this, because as the Senator mentioned, there are 
funds that have to be distributed, there is work that has to be 
done coming out of that law?
    Mr. Lutnick. Oh, I expect to do enormous work to make sure 
you get the benefit of the bargain, we get the money out 
appropriately, correctly, and we build in America. That is 
vital. You have done it bipartisan, and I am going to help 
execute that.
    Senator Klobuchar. So were you concerned about the freeze 
that happened, the proposed freeze would have affected that 
program. It is now on hold, temporary hold, because of a judge. 
But are you concerned about that?
    Mr. Lutnick. Well, you let me have the time to, A, be 
confirmed, and B, dig in and study all of the documents that we 
have done so I can help get it out the door and get it done. We 
need manufacturing, I agree, we need manufacturing 
semiconductors in America, and I am going to do everything I 
can to make that happen.
    Senator Klobuchar. Great. Your life story is incredible, 
your motivation of your employees after this incredible 
tragedy. You and I talked about the Commerce Department. And 
some of the people that went to work there went for other 
reasons than your employees. They are not making as much money. 
And I personally have worked with the people who do trade 
enforcement for steel dumping. Both Vice President Vance and I 
share mines, and we care about this a lot, iron ore mines. And 
it made a big difference over two Presidents' administrations, 
when this enforcement--President Obama, Trump, Biden--actually 
was continued. And I met with who will be your employees if 
confirmed about this, 100 of them, and heard about the work 
that they did.
    How are you going to motivate those employees, because I 
think they are feeling very much under pressure, and some of 
them have expertise that if they leave, it is going to be 
really hard just to hire someone because they are not going to 
make as much money in the government as they might somewhere 
else.
    Mr. Lutnick. I think the members of the Commerce Department 
are extraordinary. We have extraordinary scientists, 
extraordinary people with deep intellect and deep knowledge. 
And my job is going to be to leverage them, to make them feel 
heard, and we are going to be responsive. And we will create a 
great, a great Department of Commerce that the people feel 
respected, heard, and their knowledge used to the betterment of 
America, which is why they are there, and they are going to 
know that I support them.
    Senator Klobuchar. Thank you. We talked about tariffs 
briefly, targeted or across the board. I gave you my preference 
toward targeted tariffs for our economy. Weigh in on that.
    Mr. Lutnick. I prefer across the board. I think when you 
pick one product in Mexico, they will pick one product. We pick 
avocados, they pick white corn. We pick tomatoes, they pick 
yellow corn. All you are doing is picking on farmers, which is 
just not going to happen. My way of thinking, and I discussed 
this with the President, is country by country, macro. Let 
America make it more fair. We are treated horribly by the 
global trading environment. They all have higher tariffs, non-
tariff trade barriers and subsidies. They treat us poorly. We 
need to be treated better. We need to be treated with respect. 
We can use tariffs to create reciprocity, fairness, and 
respect.
    Senator Klobuchar. I am sure we will be discussing this 
more. The last thing, just the broadband funding in the 
Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. All of us in this committee have 
worked on things like improving mapping. Senator Wicker and I--
--
    Senator Wicker. Thank you.
    Senator Klobuchar.--worked on that. You are welcome. And 
the work that must be done on getting broadband to some of the 
farthest corners of our country. We have an investment, once-
in-a-generation investment out of the Bipartisan Infrastructure 
Law. And again, the freeze would have affected this work, 
temporarily on hold. Talk about your support for broadband.
    Mr. Lutnick. Well, you passed the bill and they have not 
put out any of the money, or nobody has gotten broadband. So it 
is time for a new Commerce Secretary to get broadband out to 
people and give you the benefit of the bargain. I want to give 
the Congress the benefit of the bargain, which is you 
appropriated money for broadband. Let's get it in their hands, 
and let's do it. The pause just gives me time to, A, be 
confirmed, and B, to study it, get the team working on it, and 
then when that pause ends, to get it out the door, and get it 
done.
    Senator Klobuchar. I am out of time. Thanks.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Wicker.

                STATEMENT OF HON. ROGER WICKER, 
                 U.S. SENATOR FROM MISSISSIPPI

    Senator Wicker. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Mr. 
Lutnick, I look forward to working with you. I think this is, 
it is going to be fun and productive for the American people.
    The Leader was correct. Some members of this committee 
voted for the Infrastructure Act, and some of us did not, and 
it was bipartisan. But I think we all agree that broadband is 
one of the infrastructure issues of our time. It is really the 
rural electrification issue of this century. Do you agree with 
that?
    Mr. Lutnick. It is vital to America.
    Senator Wicker. Absolutely vital. And I would just point 
out that, because we talked about it a lot, that not one single 
household has been connected. I am told that that there has 
been an endless round of back-and-forth negotiations about the 
application process. It seems to me that a man like you is 
going to be able to cut through that, at least tell the states, 
``Yes, your application, we know what that is about, and we are 
going to respond to your application.''
    Mr. Lutnick. I expect the states to provide the most 
efficient way, the most cost-efficient and effective way to get 
broadband to every house. I heard a story where they were 
planning to run fiber for $200,000 to a house that was worth 
$125,000. The waste of America is over in the Commerce 
Department.
    Senator Wicker. Good.
    Mr. Lutnick. We are going to get broadband to people, but 
we are going to do it cost effectively, but get it. Get you the 
benefit of the bargain.
    Senator Wicker. Two more things, if I can squeeze in. I am 
glad we mentioned NOAA. NOAA, the National Data Buoy Center is 
at the John C. Stennis Space Center in Mississippi. It is the 
national premier rocket propulsion facility. In the next few 
months, will you come see us and let me show you the great 
potential we have there at the Stennis Space Center?
    Mr. Lutnick. That sounds fun. Glad to.
    Senator Wicker. OK, very good. So let's say by April.
    Mr. Lutnick. Give me until May, shall you?
    Senator Wicker. OK, all right. Good. We got a deal. OK.
    Also, in addition to infrastructure, the CHIPS and Science 
Act has been mentioned favorably. Let me mention the CHIPS and 
Science Act as it connects with this Fiscal Year's NDAA. One of 
the things we did with the CHIPS and Science Act was 220, well, 
actually, $10 billion authorized for 20 regional tech hubs. The 
first round has largely been approved.
    In NDAA, we funded $220 million--it was authorized for $10 
billion--$220 million for tech hubs and the potential for 
another $280 million for a second round.
    At this point, I understand your department has a choice. 
It can either double up on those that have already been awarded 
or it can try to drive regional growth and global 
competitiveness by looking at other applications. That is what 
I hope you will do.
    I just want you to understand that there are a lot of us 
who want you to work with Congress to maintain and grow the 
Tech Hubs Program, particularly in rural areas. And I would 
suggest that the Southeast did not do so well in the first 
application. So will you agree to take a closer look at assets 
in the Southeast region, include biotech companies, logistical 
expertise, academic research, national labs, entrepreneurs, as 
well as workforce within areas that are already collaborating 
to deliver biotechnologies that meet commercial needs faster?
    Mr. Lutnick. I would be happy to.
    Senator Wicker. Good. Thank you very much. I look forward 
to working with you.
    Mr. Lutnick. Thank you.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Schatz.

                STATEMENT OF HON. BRIAN SCHATZ, 
                    U.S. SENATOR FROM HAWAII

    Senator Schatz. It is so weird hearing everyone is done 
before their 5 minutes is up. Mr. Lutnick, thank you for taking 
the time. Thank you for your willingness to serve and for your 
family's willingness to support you in this endeavor.
    I want to start with the census. The work of the Census 
Bureau, as you know, is critical to the functioning of our 
democracy. It is included in our Constitution. Both Article 
One, Section Two and the Fourteenth Amendment require the 
Federal Government to conduct an accurate census. The 
Fourteenth Amendment specifically requires a count of the whole 
number of persons in each state. So not a trick question, but 
just to get you on the record, if confirmed, will you ensure 
that the work of the Census Bureau is carried out in an 
apolitical manner?
    Mr. Lutnick. I will adhere to the Fourteenth Amendment of 
the United States Constitution rigorously.
    Senator Schatz. Thank you. And will you make sure that the 
Bureau prepares to implement a census that counts every person?
    Mr. Lutnick. Since the first sentence of the Fourteenth 
Amendment that clause says we will count each whole person, I 
promise you, we will count each whole person.
    Senator Schatz. Thank you.
    Mr. Lutnick. That is what the Constitution says, and we 
will stick right to it rigorously.
    Senator Schatz. Thank you. I know this has been a bit of a 
love fest, so----
    Mr. Lutnick. Oh, stick to it.
    [Laughter.]
    Senator Schatz. Well, depends how you answer, sir.
    Mr. Lutnick. Fair enough.
    Senator Schatz. Let me quote something from last year, 
there was a sort of point of contention among people who care 
deeply about NOAA, from Project 2025, and I will quote, ``NOAA 
should be dismantled, and many of its functions eliminated, 
sent to other agencies, privatized, or placed under the control 
of states and territories.'' Do you agree with that?
    Mr. Lutnick. No.
    Senator Schatz. Thank you. We are still having our love 
fest.
    Mr. Lutnick. Still the love fest.
    Senator Schatz. On to fish. I want to talk to you. I want 
to talk to you about the Hawaii longline fishery. We are one of 
the largest food producers in the state. We are certainly the 
largest exporter of any kind of agricultural product in the 
state. In fact, if you are eating good ahi on the East Coast, 
there is a very good chance it was on a FedEx plane overnight. 
If you are eating bad ahi, I do not know where it comes from, 
but not from us.
    We also have an unusual management situation because of an 
international Fisheries Commission. Western and Central Pacific 
Fisheries Commission is also important to NOAA.
    I want to quote the former Senator from Maryland who took a 
very keen interest in NOAA, Barbara Mikulski. She used to say, 
``Nothing about me, without me.'' And I think this probably 
goes for the Gulf Coast states and the Mid-Atlantic and 
everybody else who has a fisheries matter.
    Do I have your assurance that before NOAA, National Marine 
Fisheries, or anyone makes a move regarding our fishery in the 
Pacific, that you will consult with our office and our 
congressional delegation and the state of Hawaii?
    Mr. Lutnick. I would be delighted to consult with your 
office. I do not know about before they even make a move. There 
is lots of people doing lots of things, but of things that 
matter to you, I will happily commit to working with your 
office. It sounds like it will make me better at my job, so I 
would appreciate your input.
    Senator Schatz. Thank you. You know, elections have 
consequences. A bunch of EOs got posted over the last two 
weeks, and a bunch of Biden EOs were repealed. That is what 
happens when you have a new administration. But in particular, 
President Trump rolled back the Biden EO on the AI Safety 
Institute. I think there are a lot of people in industry and 
elsewhere who, whatever, however anyone ended up voting, 
however anyone ended up litigating AI policy under the previous 
administration, there was a sense that this was one place that 
we kind of agreed that there ought to be a Safety Institute. So 
I am wondering what your thinking is, what do we do in place of 
this, and how quickly can we get it done? Because that part of 
this was like one of the very few things we were not arguing 
about, as it relates to AI policy.
    Mr. Lutnick. The Department of Commerce has the gold 
standard in cybersecurity standards. So I think AI standards, 
along the lines of that gold standard, that same model, I think 
will be very effective. So I think if you think of it has 
standards, I think we can get bipartisan agreement that we can 
find the right way to set those standards in a way that makes 
America--you know, it takes care of Senator Thune's comments of 
a light enough touch, but we need to protect America, but we 
also need to make sure that it is an America-driven AI model in 
the world, that is important to us as Americans. So I think 
standards would be a good way to think about it.
    Senator Schatz. I want to dig further into this, and I will 
submit this for the record, but that is fine, and I am not 
attached necessarily to an institute. Sometimes institutes do 
excellent work and sometimes they are ignored. I do think it is 
unclear to me what we are doing instead of the AI Safety 
Institute, and we have got to work on a bipartisan basis to 
figure out what takes its place. Thank you.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Fischer.

                STATEMENT OF HON. DEB FISCHER, 
                   U.S. SENATOR FROM NEBRASKA

    Senator Fischer. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and Mr. Lutnick, 
it is very good to see you today. Thank you for your testimony. 
I appreciate everyone who sits at that table and is willing to 
serve this Nation.
    If confirmed, you will lead a massive Federal agency across 
13 bureaus. To start with, I want to highlight one that you 
have already heard of, the NTIA. It has critical influence over 
the U.S. economy and over our security, as well. Among its 
roles, as I know that you know, and as you have heard today, 
NTIA coordinates spectrum management, ensuring that Federal 
airwaves are being used most effectively.
    But as spectrum becomes more scarce, critical Federal 
operations, especially those essential for our national 
security, have been seen as obstacles. At the onset, I want to 
make it clear to you that DoD air waves are not lying dormant, 
and that proposals to clear them would jeopardize our national 
security. We have constellations of DoD satellites that rely on 
spectrum. Our nuclear command and control relies on spectrum. 
Advanced fighter aircraft like F-35s rely on spectrum. We are 
investing tens of billions of dollars in developing sixth-
generation aircraft that will rely on spectrum. We have radar 
systems on our Navy ships tracking incoming missiles around the 
world. These allowed us to help defend Israel from over 300 
missile and drone attacks last year. They rely on spectrum.
    I can go on and on, as my colleagues know, but this is all 
to say that I hope that we can work together so that we can 
come up with a really strong strategy for Federal spectrum 
management in the future.
    I am from Nebraska, and Nebraska's agricultural and 
manufacturing industries rely on our strong export markets for 
products. You and I talked about trade and about the need under 
this Administration for trade to be front and center. We know 
that we did not see much of that happen in the previous 
administration. We also know, though, sir, that other countries 
may try to retaliate against our agricultural and our 
manufacturing industries. If confirmed, will you work with your 
colleagues at other agencies to understand the impact of 
retaliatory tariffs on agriculture and manufacturing?
    Mr. Lutnick. I will.
    Senator Fischer. Thank you. Can you also talk a little bit 
about what opportunities you view that are out there so that we 
can expand certain export markets over the next 4 years, under 
this Administration?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think our farmers, our ranchers, and our 
fishermen are treated with disrespect.
    Senator Fischer. Always the fish. Always the fish.
    Mr. Lutnick. Always. You have to include them. How often do 
we eat seafood? Come on. They are treated with disrespect 
around the world; they are. Our farmers, our ranchers, and our 
fishermen are treated with disrespect. The countries take 
advantage of American kindness, American gratitude, that we 
used to rebuild the world after the World Wars, and after the 
Korean War and after the Vietnam War. We need that disrespect 
to end.
    I think tariffs are a way to create reciprocity, to be 
treated fairly, to be treated appropriately, and I think it 
will help our farmers, our ranchers, and our fishermen to 
flourish. That is what I expect this Administration is going to 
drive, and that is why I am honored to serve President Trump in 
his pursuit of that reciprocity and that fairness, and the end 
of the disrespect. These countries have reliance on the 
American economy, and they need to start to respect us, and 
respect us now.
    Senator Fischer. Thank you. You heard about the BEAD 
funding from Senator Thune, other members of this committee as 
well, and I hope you will take that to heart and help our 
states get through some of those regulations that are out 
there. It has been an impediment to us.
    I would like to talk a little bit here in the last few 
seconds about technology and competitiveness. I think I have 
Senator Wicker's time. In hearings, this committee has talked 
about the United States' AI capabilities and that we are in a 
dead heat with China.
    This week, we heard about DeepSeek, and that, I think, it 
is having us examine kind of where we are right now with that. 
If confirmed, given the Commerce Department's breadth of 
influence on that issue, how will you address different threats 
that we see coming from the CCP within these information and 
technology markets?
    Mr. Lutnick. I take a very jaundiced view of China. I think 
they only care about themselves and seek to harm us, and so we 
need to protect ourselves. We need to drive our innovation, and 
we need to stop helping them. Open platforms, Meta's open 
platform, let DeepSeek rely on it. Nvidia's chips, which they 
bought tons of, and they found their ways around it, drive 
their DeepSeek model. It has got to end. If they are going to 
compete with us, let them compete, but stop using our tools to 
compete with us.
    I am going to be very strong on that. I am thrilled to 
oversee BIS, and I am thrilled to coordinate and empower BIS 
with tariffs that will improve the strength. When we say no, 
the answer has got to be no.
    Senator Fischer. I look forward to working with you, sir. 
Thank you.
    Mr. Lutnick. Thank you.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Markey. No, I am sorry. 
Senator Baldwin.

               STATEMENT OF HON. TAMMY BALDWIN, 
                  U.S. SENATOR FROM WISCONSIN

    Senator Baldwin. Thank you, Chair, Ranking Member. Thank 
you, Mr. Lutnick, for your willingness to serve.
    I am going to ask at first, a sort of more general 
question, and then I want to dig into some details that you 
have heard a little bit about from my colleagues. But the 
Department of Commerce does significant work to ensure that 
U.S. companies are able to compete with China, and it also does 
a lot of work to drive innovation in America. I want to ask 
very broadly, how will you utilize the programs within the 
Commerce Department, including those authorized by the 
bipartisan CHIPS and Science Act to promote American 
innovation?
    Mr. Lutnick. For example, we want to bring semiconductors 
back to America. We want to look at the supply chain and bring 
that back to America. We want to create those great jobs in 
America, so that way we can go back to innovating, which is 
where we began. Intel began the chips, and then the world sort 
of leveraged our chips. TSMC leveraged us, and sort of took it 
from us, and who drove them? Apple. Who is Apple? It is 
America.
    So we want to bring that innovation back and make sure our 
great companies--and let's be clear, we have them all. There is 
no other country that has the incredible technology companies, 
pharma companies that we have. Let's bring those companies' 
manufacturing and innovation and have them do that 
manufacturing in America with American workers. Let's try that.
    Senator Baldwin. Thank you. One of the key parts of the 
bipartisan CHIPS and Science Act, as you have heard from me 
when we met privately, as well as from others, is the Tech Hub 
Program. I will bet when you were having your one-on-one 
meetings with others on this committee, you heard about their 
tech hubs----
    Mr. Lutnick. I did.
    Senator Baldwin.--as you heard about ours. Wisconsin's 
Biohealth Tech Hub positions the state as a global leader in 
personalized medicine. It tailors health care treatment to a 
patient's unique history and genetic code. Last week, I spoke 
with many in the consortium that presented the Wisconsin 
application, and their number one question was, can we count on 
future funding? The first tranche of funding has indeed been 
disbursed, but there are millions more that have been committed 
to the tech hub over the next 5 years.
    This week, the Administration announced a freeze on all 
Federal financial assistance passed by Congress, including on a 
bipartisan basis, as most bills out of this committee and out 
of the Senate are. Mr. Lutnick, I am looking for a yes or no. 
Should Wisconsin biotech hub be concerned that they may not 
receive future tranches of funding that were pledged?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think the best answer I can give you is I 
have to look at it and understand it better. I cannot really 
give you an answer as I sit here right now, because I do not 
know the details. I try to answer everything as best I possibly 
can, but if I do not know the details, the only thing I can say 
is, I do not know the details.
    Senator Baldwin. I think you will hear from a lot, on this 
panel particularly, this is a key part of how we lead 
innovation in the United States, and support for our bipartisan 
work on this will be very important.
    You and I spoke also about the impact a trade war will have 
on Wisconsin's farmers and manufacturers. I know Senator 
Fischer just asked you about this also. But I want to say that 
their experience under the first Trump administration makes 
them really nervous this time around.
    According to the Department of Agriculture, America's 
farmers lost $27 billion in export sales in 2018 and 2019, in 
large part because of the China tariffs. A generous share of 
Wisconsin's milk production ends up in dairy products exported 
to places outside of the U.S., and proposed tariffs on Mexico, 
Canada and China, three of the main export destinations for 
U.S. dairy products, are likely to reduce dairy exports to a 
degree that would harm farm milk prices and processor 
profitability significantly.
    I have been hearing from Wisconsin manufacturers who are 
very concerned about supply chains and their own facilities 
that are in other countries. So Wisconsinites are concerned the 
prices are going to go up. What would you say to Wisconsin 
farmers, Wisconsin manufacturers, who are concerned about their 
exports, their supply chains, and retaliatory tariffs?
    Mr. Lutnick. Our farmers, our ranchers, and our fishermen 
are the best in the world, and they are treated poorly. Canada, 
as we spoke about, treats our dairy farmers horribly. That has 
got to end. That has got to end. If Canada is going to rely on 
America for its economic growth, how about you treat our 
farmers, our ranchers, and our fishermen with respect.
    So I think the President and our Trump administration is 
going to improve the lives, and is focused on improving the 
lives, of our producers, our farmers, our ranchers, and our 
fishermen. These are vital. So I am going to work hard to make 
sure, as an example, for your dairy farmers, they do much, much 
better in Canada than they have ever done before, and that is a 
key focus of this Administration.
    Senator Baldwin. Can you commit to the American people that 
prices will not go up?
    Mr. Lutnick. I can commit that the economy of the United 
States of America will be much, much better. A particular 
product's price maybe go up, but all of them, yhis is not 
inflationary. The two top countries with tariffs, India and 
China, have the most tariffs and no inflation. It is just a 
nonsense that tariffs cause inflation. It is nonsense.
    Senator Baldwin. Thank you for your testimony.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Moran.

                STATEMENT OF HON. JERRY MORAN, 
                    U.S. SENATOR FROM KANSAS

    Senator Moran. Mr. Lutnick, thank you. The reason we are so 
short in our questions is because you are so short in your 
answers, and it is pleasing. That happens rarely. Thank you for 
being direct.
    I want to indicate to you that we will have an opportunity 
to be well acquainted. I chair the Appropriations Subcommittee 
that funds the Department of Commerce. And----
    Mr. Lutnick. How are you, sir?
    Senator Moran. All right. You have impressed me. That is 
what I was looking for.
    Mr. Lutnick. Yes to your first question.
    Senator Moran. Oh, let me shuffle my questions. Let me tell 
you something about the BEAD grant, and just highlight. You 
have an opportunity to make this BEAD grant program work, as 
you heard Senator Thune indicate and others. Let me also tell 
you that the BEAD grant dollars are subject to taxes, so the 
company that receives the grant to put broadband into rural and 
underserved areas has to pay taxes on the money received. This 
is not something you can directly do something about. But we 
have legislation to eliminate the tax, and it seems to me that 
if you want the BEAD grant program to work and actually get the 
dollars to the people across the country, including Kansas, who 
need broadband services, reducing the amount of money that is 
available by taxing the grant makes no sense. Am I missing 
something here?
    Mr. Lutnick. What you just said sounds entirely sensible.
    Senator Moran. That is not my first question.
    Mr. Lutnick. Oh.
    Senator Moran. That one was too easy. We are working to 
solve that problem, but your input and support at a point in 
time may be helpful to us.
    A lot of talk about trade policy. I was going to ask you 
about your vision for agriculture. I only would highlight, 
again, Kansas is one of those states. This committee here is a 
very rural committee, and the members who make up this 
committee often come from rural parts of the country, but there 
are significant challenges to farmers and ranchers.
    Also, I would add to that list, we have a lot of small 
manufacturers who make farm equipment, and the consequence of a 
lousy farm economy has a consequence there, but so do tariffs 
upon steel and metals, aluminum, the manufacturing process of 
products that farmers buy.
    In the first Trump administration, President Trump included 
a robust 301 tariff exclusion process for American business. 
How will you approach an exclusion process, that exclusion 
process was a part of the Department of Commerce, and companies 
could make an application for an exclusion from the tariff. Do 
you have thoughts about that?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think we, the President, signed an EO 
directing Commerce and the USTR to study tariffs and do a 
rigorous study, so I am going to let the experts drive that 
study. But I am a more simple view of tariff sort of guy, and I 
think the President is of like minds, which is that the steel 
and aluminum had 560,000 applications for exclusions. It just 
seems that is too many. I think we need to simplify it and make 
it more effective.
    Senator Moran. Let me ask a question about tourism, and 
you, within the Department of Commerce, have a national travel 
and tourism office. There is a creation of a large-scale 
sporting event task force that we would encourage you to 
implement. This arises because of major events that are soon to 
occur in the United States, FIFA and the soccer tournaments 
across the country, the U.S. Olympics coming to Los Angeles. 
These are huge events that develop lots of economic activity in 
the country and need attention of the Department of Commerce. 
Does that make sense to you?
    Mr. Lutnick. That is a really good idea.
    Senator Moran. Thank you. Finally, Kansas, about 250 
million years ago, was covered by an ocean. Therefore, I have a 
fish question. The previous administration had proposed a rule 
that sought to amend vessel speed regulations in an effort to 
further protect the endangered North Atlantic Right Whale. The 
intent behind this rule, I suppose, is commendable, though the 
industry was not consulted in its promulgation.
    Can I have your commitment that as Secretary of the 
Department, you will work with U.S. marine industry, including 
boating, marine, and maritime technology providers? There is 
science and technology that can help address this issue that is 
being left behind, and I want to make sure that it is 
considered in the effort to protect marine life while also 
leveraging that technology availability.
    Mr. Lutnick. Absolutely.
    Senator Moran. Thank you, sir.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Markey.

               STATEMENT OF HON. EDWARD MARKEY, 
                U.S. SENATOR FROM MASSACHUSETTS

    Senator Markey. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Lutnick, 
welcome. On Monday night, President Trump's budget office 
issued a memo that directed agencies to cutoff all Federal 
spending, all Federal spending, outside of payments to 
individuals. The Trump administration issued this order even 
though this spending was authorized and appropriated by 
Congress and intended to benefit the American people. A bargain 
was struck here with the Article One, power of the purse. The 
benefit is supposed to flow to the American people.
    The freeze could affect semiconductor grants, broadband 
grants, fisheries, disaster relief, habitat conservation, all 
programs in the Department of Commerce. Mr. Lutnick, do you 
believe that this action by President Trump was lawful?
    Mr. Lutnick. I rely on the President. If his advisors say 
it was, then I will rely on him and his advisors.
    Senator Markey. Well, that is an unacceptable response, 
because this action has caused mass confusion, disrupted 
critical payments systems, and violated directly Federal 
spending statutes passed out of this committee and the 
Congress. So how can we be sure that if Congress passes an 
appropriations law for the Department of Commerce that you are 
going to feel fully obligated to execute that law and spend the 
funding as it is written? Will you spend it as we wrote it?
    Mr. Lutnick. It is my promise that I will try my best to 
give this committee and the Congress the benefit of the bargain 
that you have passed. You want broadband, if you want ships in 
America, my job is to execute on that plan. This pause will 
allow my time to be confirmed and us to study and attack it 
rigorously. But I promise you, I will give you, as best as I 
can, the benefit of the bargain that you have appropriated for. 
That is my objective, absolutely.
    Senator Markey. And that is exactly right. We do it, we do 
the negotiation, and then Article Two of the Constitution is 
the President, he is supposed to execute, you're supposed to 
execute, you work for him. So if President Trump directed you 
to unlawfully withhold Federal spending that was authorized by 
Congress, would you comply with that order?
    Mr. Lutnick. I guess I would be spending a lot of time with 
lawyers but I do not think that is the way it would work.
    Senator Markey. Well, it has already worked that way. We 
know that the President has already unlawfully, in violation of 
the statute, fired inspectors general. That was not in 
compliance with the law. What happened two nights ago in the 
freezing of all Federal funds, that is in violation of the law, 
the benefit of the bargain.
    So again my question to you is, given the unprecedented 
times that we are in and the Commerce Committee going back to 
being the first committee in Congress, we are wondering, 
obviously, whether or not you are going to ensure that the law 
that we pass, the funding that is going out to all of these 
companies, all these individuals, there is a cloud over their 
head, will you ensure that an unlawful act is not followed at 
the Department of Commerce?
    Mr. Lutnick. Well interestingly, the BEAD program has not 
connected anyone yet and the CHIPS has not really distributed 
much money, so the timing is not really impacted. We will work 
hard, and I commit to you to work hard, to deliver to this 
committee the benefit of the bargain. If you appropriate it, 
you should expect from me to deliver efficiently and 
effectively the outcomes that you anticipated, or better, and 
that is my objective and that is my promise to you.
    Senator Markey. And again, you understand that the 
President has already violated the 30-day notice on inspectors 
general that was supposed to be complied with. They are already 
in violation of the Article One's Power of the Purse, and we 
believe, obviously, quite clearly, this is just going to be a 
pattern of conduct, and we need to know that the Cabinet 
secretaries that we are voting on are going to comply with the 
law, that is the bargain that was struck with the American 
people, to make sure they get the funding, they get the 
programs which are going to protect their families as well. So 
I am not hearing a clear answer on that.
    Mr. Lutnick. I will comply with the law. That is a clear 
answer for sure.
    Senator Markey. Right, but the law is not the President. 
The law is what we have passed, Mr. Lutnick. That is the law. 
And what is happening right now is the President is seeking to 
arrogate all of that constitutional power into his hands, and 
that is not the law. That is an abuse of the law. That is a 
violation of constitutional separation of powers, and an 
arrogation of power into one office. I understand the unitary 
government theory that is out there, but it is not 
constitutional. We do not have that as our system of government 
in our Nation.
    So we are going to be very, very attentive to how, in fact, 
you will be conducting business at the Department of Commerce, 
because the people deserve the benefit of the bargain that was 
faithfully executed and constructed by this committee in terms 
of the benefits that flow to the American people. Thank you, 
Mr. Chairman.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Sullivan.

                STATEMENT OF HON. DAN SULLIVAN, 
                    U.S. SENATOR FROM ALASKA

    Senator Sullivan. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and Mr. Lutnick, 
congratulations to you and your family. Thank you for that very 
powerful opening statement, and I appreciated our meeting. I am 
really enjoying this hearing, all the focus on fish. It is 
great. And in all seriousness, certain secretaries, most 
secretaries in my view, have not embraced their role that they 
are really important to our fishing community. As you and I 
talked about, this is really important to my state. Alaska is 
the superpower of seafood. Over two-thirds of all seafood 
harvested in America--commercial, subsistence, sport--is 
harvested in Alaska's waters, over two-thirds. So we are it. We 
are the 800-pound gorilla. We have tens of thousands of 
Alaskans that are connected to this industry, and we are a huge 
powerhouse in terms of American exports.
    So Mr. Lutnick, the Vice President in his opening statement 
called you a product guy, a sales guy, a good dude. That is a 
quote from the Vice President, ``good dude.''
    I want to also maybe give you the title of Godfather of 
American Fisherman or the Patron Saint of American fishermen--
--
    Mr. Lutnick. This is working for me. This is really working 
for me.
    Senator Sullivan. Keep a focus on these communities on 
these great Americans just like at Deadliest Catch and things 
like that, and to be a leader on focusing on them. That has not 
always happened. As a matter of fact, it usually has not 
happened with the Secretaries of Commerce. Can you commit to me 
on doing that?
    Mr. Lutnick. Well, I love to fish and I am happy to commit 
to you. The fishermen in the United States of America are one 
of our great assets, and it is easy for me to promise to take 
care of them.
    Senator Sullivan. Great, and since you love to fish, this 
next question might be the easiest one you get all day. I need 
a commitment from you to come to Alaska. You can bring the 
family.
    Mr. Lutnick. As long as I can bring my family, we are 
coming.
    Senator Sullivan. You can go fishing, but to meet these 
great American fishermen who are my constituents, and it would 
be great for you to get up there soon to meet them. Can I get 
your commitment to do that, as well?
    Mr. Lutnick. It is my pleasure.
    Senator Sullivan. Great. Let me mention, we already talked 
about it. The last 4 years have been tough on my state. This is 
a chart I have shown all over the place, ``The Last Frontier 
Lockup.'' we called it. Seventy executive orders and actions 
from the Biden administration singularly focused on shutting 
down Alaska--70. Fortunately this is now a thing of the past, 
we want to get rid of that.
    [Applause.]
    Senator Sullivan. On day one, the President issued this 
executive order, President Trump. It is called, ``Unleashing 
Alaska's Extraordinary Resource Potential.'' And it is long and 
it is very detailed, and the Secretary of Commerce is mentioned 
in it. One of the lines in there, ``It is the policy of the 
United States,'' this is from President Trump on day one, ``to 
fully avail itself of Alaska's vast lands and resources for the 
benefit of the Nation and the American citizens who call Alaska 
home.''
    You're mentioned in this, the Secretary of Commerce. Can I 
get your commitment to work with me on implementing every 
aspect effect of this really great Trump day one executive 
order?
    Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
    Senator Sullivan. Great, thank you. You mentioned 
disrespect for our fishermen. You and I talked about what we 
have been enduring for the last 10 years. Russia instituted a 
ban on any exports of American seafood in 2014, and yet we had 
open borders essentially for them for the last 10 years, taken 
market share. Literally the most disrespectful, unfair trading 
situation I could see anywhere in the world. They were coming 
after our market share. Our fishermen in America could not 
export one fish to Russia. And then I worked really hard to get 
that changed. We got a ban, and then the Russians started 
sending their fish to China to essentially create a loophole, 
then to come in to the U.S. We shut that down finally.
    Can you work with me to make sure we do not have that 
incredibly unfair Russia bans everything, and they can import 
everything here? Ridiculous. Same with China. You are a sales 
guy, a products guy. I want you to commit to me to promote 
American freedom fish, Alaska freedom fish, and do not allow 
communist fish from Russia and China coming into our markets, 
can you commit----
    Mr. Lutnick. We got to get rid of those communist fish.
    Senator Sullivan. Yes, good. Can I get a commitment on 
that?
    Mr. Lutnick. I do.
    Senator Sullivan. Excellent, no communist fish. Freedom 
fish is what we want.
    Finally, Mr. Lutnick, the Chairman is going to focus this 
committee a lot on energy, which I think is great. I know you 
care about unleashing our extraordinary energy potential. One 
of the big areas of focus of the Trump day one EO, Unleashing 
Alaska's Extraordinary Resource Potential, is moving forward 
and finally getting done this massive Alaska LNG project that 
we have been working on for a number of years. We got all the 
permits during the Trump administration. Of course, Biden 
blocked those. This would create thousands of jobs, would 
revitalize the American steel industry. Estimates are it would 
reduce our trade deficit by about $10 billion a year.
    Can you commit to work with me, the President, who is very 
focused on that in his EO, the Secretaries of Interior and 
Energy, and other Cabinet officials, including our Asian 
allies, to make this project a reality, which will be great for 
the country, great for our workers, great for our trade 
deficit, and really boost America's national security?
    Mr. Lutnick. I can.
    Senator Sullivan. Thank you, thank you. Mr. Chairman thanks 
very much.
    The Chairman. Well, and as a Texan, I do want to clarify 
for the record that red snapper are not communist fish, and as 
a nod to my Alaskan friend, neither are pink salmon. Senator 
Peters.

                STATEMENT OF HON. GARY PETERS, 
                   U.S. SENATOR FROM MICHIGAN

    Senator Peters. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Lutnick, 
welcome. Congratulations on your nomination. I certainly 
appreciated our kind of wide-ranging discussion we had in my 
office recently.
    I know that tariffs are certainly a powerful and a positive 
tool that can be used, but they need to be used strategically, 
they need to be used thoughtfully, and that is why I called for 
100 percent tariffs on Chinese vehicles last year, and why I am 
going to continue to fight for aggressive trade policy when it 
comes to our relations with China.
    As a Senator for Michigan, I am particularly focused on 
manufacturing. We know how to make things in Michigan, and I do 
not think you can be a great country if you do not actually 
make things, and that is what we do in my state. And I want to 
work with the Administration to make sure we are growing that 
sector as well as creating good-paying jobs that result from 
manufacturing.
    However, I am concerned that President Trump's plan to 
impose tariffs on Canada and Mexico before the rest of the 
world--in fact it could be in a matter of days is what we are 
hearing--could hurt our manufacturers who do considerable trade 
back and forth, as we discussed in the office.
    Michigan is the home of the two of the top three border 
crossings in North America, we are two of them, and a lot of 
that are auto parts that go back and forth. It is a highly 
integrated industry, and our auto companies are very concerned 
about what those tariffs might mean to cost, particularly to 
the cost of vehicles. Already something we discussed, I am 
concerned about the high cost of vehicles. Many families cannot 
afford them now. And if tariffs are put in place that deal with 
that seamless trade that goes on with Canada, that that in the 
short run could definitely have an impact on prices and make 
cars even more unaffordable. I do not think that is something 
the American people want to see, and I am afraid it would hurt 
consumers as well as also hurt those workers.
    So my question for you, sir, is talk me through how those 
tariffs would be implemented, what you are thinking will happen 
there, and how it is going to have an impact on prices, 
particularly in the short term? I know what you are going to go 
on the long term, but all this stuff takes time, and especially 
when it comes to manufacturing, it is not an industry that can 
turn on a dime. It is much more complicated, as I know you 
know.
    Mr. Lutnick. So the big tariff view is going to be studied, 
and the President launched that in an executive order where he 
asked the Commerce Department and the USTR to study the tariff 
model long-term. The short-term issue is illegal migration, and 
worse even still, fentanyl coming into this country and killing 
over 100,000 Americans. There is no war we could have that 
would kill 100,000 Americans. The President is focused on 
ending fentanyl coming into the country. You know that the labs 
in Canada are run by Mexican cartels, so this tariff model is 
simply to shut their borders, respect America. If we are your 
biggest trading partner, show us the respect shut your border, 
and end fentanyl coming into this country.
    So it is not a tariff per se. It is an action of domestic 
policy--shut your border and stop allowing fentanyl into our 
country, killing our people. So this is a separate tariff to 
create action from Mexico and action from Canada, and as far as 
I know they are acting swiftly. And if they execute it, there 
will be no tariff, and if they do not, then there will be. But 
it is an action-oriented model. That is not the ordinary 
tariff. The ordinary tariffs need to be studied and examined, 
and that would start, as the EO said, in April.
    Senator Peters. So that is a separate tariff?
    Mr. Lutnick. Correct.
    Senator Peters. After that study, what would be the 
timeline of that?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think that is sort of in April, those 
studies will come out, in the end of March and April, and then 
you will hear about those at that time. So big macro issues 
with tariffs are being studied, but the micro issue is Canada 
and Mexico and the precursors from China, they need to end, and 
we need to protect our Americans from Fentanyl, and our trading 
partners in Canada and Mexico, they should end it and stop 
disrespecting us and allowing this to come through our borders.
    Senator Peters. Well, I think we all agree, we want secure 
borders, I am with you all the way. Being a northern border 
state, Ranking Member on Homeland Security will want to do 
that. My concern though is what is going to happen in the April 
timeframe, as to what could that mean in terms of increased 
costs to Americans if not properly implemented or properly 
thought through. What sort of assurances can you give us that 
we will not see that when that second set of tariffs get 
implemented, or if they get implemented, but it sounds as if 
that is your plan?
    Mr. Lutnick. Well, we are we are going to study those, the 
actions and the economy of America and how it works. But if you 
think about it, we need to grow domestic manufacturing. As you 
said, Michigan is one of the great places where we build 
things, and the car manufacturing went to Canada, it went to 
Mexico. It is important that that come back to Michigan, and 
come back to Ohio, and come back to the great states of America 
that can build. And so I think a thoughtful tariff policy that 
drives domestic manufacturing I think is fundamental to the 
American workers, especially to the workers in Michigan.
    Senator Peters. Very good. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Blackburn.

              STATEMENT OF HON. MARSHA BLACKBURN, 
                  U.S. SENATOR FROM TENNESSEE

    Senator Blackburn. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Welcome. We are 
delighted that your friends and family are all here to support 
you and we look forward to you serving the Nation well as our 
Commerce Secretary.
    You have heard a good bit about spectrum today and the 
NTIA, the FCC, the work that they are doing there. I will just 
highlight with you how critical getting that spectrum out. We 
need a lot of that mid-band spectrum going to auction, and we 
have auction authority that has lapsed. Chairman Cruz is 
working to move us forward to reimplement that, and we would 
like your support there, as we realize how important it is to 
have connectivity all across the country.
    And we want to do this without preference for whether it is 
wireline, wireless, fixed wireless, satellite. The point is to 
get people connected. So your attention on that issue will be 
welcomed, and we thank you for that.
    I do want to talk with you a little bit about China, and 
this is something in Tennessee that many of our innovators and 
manufacturers talk about. China is now the leader in 57 
critical and emerging technologies when it comes to holding 
trademarks and patents, and they were the leader in 3 in the 
mid to early 2000s, 2010, and now they are leading in 57.
    We are very concerned about this, Senator Welch and I have 
worked on this issue of looking at these critical and emerging 
technologies. And what we have found is one of the issues is 
the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, which is one of those 
agencies that you will oversee. And many of the innovators in 
Tennessee talked to me about the frustration that they have 
with trying to get a patent pending, the amount of time it 
takes.
    I do not know if you have looked at the USPTO. The backlog 
of applications there is 820,000. It takes 21 months to get a 
patent pending, and as you know, some of our auto engineers, 
some of our health care engineers that are working on 
algorithms and new delivery systems, they do not have that long 
to get that kind of assurance.
    So will you work with us? We need to do a pilot project so 
that we can push forward AI and quantum and some of these 
patents that are requested in these areas if we are going to go 
back to beating China in these.
    Mr. Lutnick. The backlog is unacceptable, and my pursuit 
will be the rigorous reduction of that to get it down. It used 
to historically be 500,000, and I thought that was 
unacceptable.
    I am a patent holder, and I have used the Patent Office 
over many years. It could be much more productive. But the 
Chinese are abusing us. They do not give us protection in 
China, and they come in and use our Patent Office against us. 
This is going to end. We are going to study that, and we are 
going to work on ending that and making sure our American 
inventors get taken care of quickly and effectively.
    Senator Blackburn. I will tell, you--thank you, because 
when I saw you held over 400 patents, I thought, ``This is 
someone that can help straighten out the USPTO,'' which needs 
to be done.
    The other thing I want to talk with you about is supply 
chains. This comes under your purview at Commerce. Gary Peters 
and I have done a good bit of work on auto manufacturing, as 
Tennessee has become such a manufacturing center. And you are 
going to be key in securing these supply chains for the 
American auto manufacturing sector, and we want to make certain 
that whether it is autos, whether it is appliances, and then 
equipment for data centers and computers in facilities like xAI 
that is going into Memphis in my state. The supply chain issues 
have been noticed, they have been harmful, and they have been 
expensive, and many times really a loss for our manufacturing 
entities. And whether it is the raw materials or the components 
that are needed for high-tech assembly, we need to make certain 
that we straighten out the supply chain system so that we are 
able to repatriate U.S. manufacturing.
    Mr. Lutnick. Exactly, we need to bring manufacturing and 
supply chain domestic so that that production is domestic and 
flows through and employs great Americans to do so. I 
completely agree.
    Senator Blackburn. Thank you. I yield back.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Duckworth.

              STATEMENT OF HON. TAMMY DUCKWORTH, 
                   U.S. SENATOR FROM ILLINOIS

    Senator Duckworth. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Lutnick, 
welcome. Yesterday, President Trump paused disbursement of 
Federal grants and loans including grants that have already 
been obligated. Some of my colleagues have touched on this 
already. These include grants from the Department of Commerce. 
For the second week in a row, President Trump's actions are 
sowing confusion, uncertainty, and anxiety.
    When Congress directs Federal agencies how to spend 
taxpayer funds, especially once those funds have been 
obligated, that funding must be disbursed. That is Federal law. 
This kind of chaos will make America less globally competitive, 
not more. Other nations are watching and figuring out how to 
give themselves an advantage while we are dealing with the 
chaos of poorly executed EOs.
    The Department of Commerce grants have real impact. For 
example, the Economic Development Administration recently 
awarded $51 million to the Illinois Fermentation and 
Agriculture Biomanufacturing, IFAB, tech hub. We have already 
discussed tech hubs and how important they are. They are 
important across the country. This is cutting-edge work that is 
going to keep America an innovator and global leader in 
agricultural business and grow good-paying jobs across the 
Midwest.
    Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, will you commit to disbursing 
all obligated grant funding from the Department of Commerce on 
time and without delay?
    Mr. Lutnick. If you add rigorously and making it as 
efficient as possible, I can say yes.
    Senator Duckworth. OK, thank you. If President Trump 
directed you to do something illegal or unconstitutional would 
you refuse to obey?
    Mr. Lutnick. He will not.
    Senator Duckworth. Would you refuse an unconstitutional or 
illegal order from President Trump?
    Mr. Lutnick. The Legal Department of the Department of 
Commerce is excellent. I would go and get their advice and 
guidance, but this will not happen. It just will not happen.
    Senator Duckworth. So your answer is not going to----
    Mr. Lutnick. That is a hypothetical. That will not happen 
so I do not----
    Senator Duckworth. He has given illegal orders before. He 
asked the Department of Defense to shoot protesters in the leg.
    Mr. Lutnick. Well, I do not know that. I do not know that.
    Senator Duckworth. We can send you that information. All 
right.
    As we discussed when we met last month, good commercial 
policy is critical for our national security. Supporting small 
and medium-sized manufacturing, ensuring farmers have access to 
international markets, developing strong relationships with 
friendly partners, strengthening supply chains, and fortifying 
export controls to keep critical materials out of the hands of 
bad actors, this all helps keep our country safe and our 
economy strong. I especially enjoyed our conversation about the 
fact that our economy and at the Department of Commerce is also 
incredibly important to America's national security on a global 
scale, and I think we agreed on that and I enjoyed our 
conversation on that.
    Agriculture and manufacturing are critical for Illinois and 
for the Nation as a whole. It is part of that national 
strength. They not only generate good-paying jobs for 
hardworking Americans but they also advance U.S. innovation in 
a highly competitive global economy. You have touched on that 
today, and I have enjoyed your remarks.
    If confirmed how will you work to advance America's 
agricultural and manufacturing industries both at home and 
abroad?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think our farmers, and our ranchers, and our 
fishermen are treated with disrespect overseas. Europe, for 
example, comes up with all these sort of policies that our 
ranchers cannot sell steak. If you saw a European steer and an 
American steer, it is laughable. The American steers are three 
times the size. The steaks are so much more beautiful. But they 
make up this nonsensical set of rules so that our ranchers 
cannot sell there, our farmers cannot sell there. It is 
nonsense. They do not like our fertilizer a little bit.
    We need to change those rules. We need to end the 
disrespect that our farmers, ranchers, and fishermen have to 
suffer with, and that is one of the things that I am just 
really excited about. I am going to help our farmers, ranchers, 
and fishermen be successful around the world. We are the best, 
our farmers are the best, it is clear, and they need to be able 
to sell their wares around the world, and I need to help end 
the disrespect that they get elsewhere.
    Senator Duckworth. I agree with you that our farmers are a 
national treasure and we should give them all the support they 
need in order to be successful.
    When done well, joint ventures with partner nations can 
boost our economic growth, as well as enhance our national 
security. If confirmed, what will you do to foster an 
environment which concords joint ventures, especially with 
partner nations, especially those with whom we have national 
security agreements like Japan or Korea, that will enhance both 
our economy and our security?
    Mr. Lutnick. Our great allies have taken advantage of our 
good nature, and they like steel in Japan and appliances in 
Korea. I mean, they have just taken advantage of us. It is time 
for them to partner with us and bring that production back 
home. So I think we are going to work closely with our allies 
to increase their manufacturing productivity at home, and I 
think your way of thinking about it, saying let's work together 
to do that and bring it home, I think is really important for 
us and really important for our workforce.
    Senator Duckworth. I am all for that. Thank you. I am over 
time, Mr. Chairman.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Young.

                 STATEMENT OF HON. TODD YOUNG, 
                   U.S. SENATOR FROM INDIANA

    Senator Young. Good to see you, Mr. Lutnick. I enjoyed our 
visit in the office. And one of the things you demonstrated to 
me during that roughly hour of visiting is that you really 
understand that science and technology is going to play a very 
important role going forward in our economic growth, in our 
national security. You also demonstrated an understanding that 
China has prioritized, through a number of recent initiatives, 
boosting science and tech funding and progress in a number of 
different technology fronts.
    How do you envision, Mr. Lutnick, should you be confirmed, 
increasing support and funding for basic research so that the 
United States remains at the forefront of global innovation and 
job creation?
    Mr. Lutnick. We have the greatest university system in the 
world, and we need to encourage that productivity from our 
universities, from our great scientists. We need to enhance 
their ability to get patents to protect them. We need to drive 
that model of AI innovation and make sure the baseline 
innovation is American. I mean, these things are vital for us 
and we need to drive it. We need to have standards of 
cybersecurity and standards for AI innovation that keep things 
American. Exactly the way you think about it is vital for us to 
do it here and to do it now.
    Senator Young. And have you given any thought to the 
leakage of our investments and the breakthroughs that are made, 
the intellectual property leakage to adversary countries and 
parties and how we might continue to be vigilant against that?
    Mr. Lutnick. How could it be more clear than this week when 
DeepSeek, a Chinese AI says they were able to create things 
dirt cheap. How? By leveraging what they have taken from us, 
stolen from us, or leveraged from us. It is outrageous, and it 
needs to be addressed.
    Senator Young. Indeed. Thank you. Mr. Lutnick, it is of 
paramount importance that the United States continue to lead in 
international collaboration and engagement on AI, which you 
just alluded to, and I would say the voluntary standards that 
has been done at NIST, and that needs to continue to be done in 
some capacity, somewhere.
    But if confirmed, NIST will be under your purview, and it 
has been a vitally important non-regulatory agency, when it 
comes to U.S. leadership on AI, and focusing on voluntary 
standards rather than heavy-handed regulations. So what are 
your thoughts on artificial intelligence and the role that the 
Department of Commerce should play in supporting continued 
innovation, and will you commit to continuing to support the 
great standards work being done at NIST?
    Mr. Lutnick. I am happy to support it. I think NIST has 
some of the greatest scientists in the world, and they 
understand AI technology, quantum technology. I mean, this is a 
central hub of knowledge of the American government which I am 
really excited to oversee.
    I think standards is the right model. As I have said, the 
way we have done cybersecurity which is the gold standard of 
the world and everyone in the world follows our model, I think 
we should try to have a light-touch model like that in AI. Set 
those standards so the world heeds our standards, and goes with 
our standards, would be very important for America and 
something I am going to try to drive.
    Senator Young. Yes, you can imagine a future in which, 
through your leadership and those of others in the 
administration, we are able to tease out our own standards, 
harmonize those standards with other countries, non-China 
countries, and then for those countries to produce products and 
export them into the rest of the world, they would have to 
abide by our standards of transparency, and openness, and 
consumer protection, all the rest of it. So I think you are 
headed down the right track there, and I hope we will have an 
opportunity to work on that should you be confirmed.
    Let me turn, sir, to digital trade. Despite the strength of 
U.S. Digital Services, the previous administration abandoned 
U.S. leadership on digital trade. They reversed decades of 
bipartisan policy that promoted our digital exports. This 
includes withdrawing support for key digital trade provisions 
at the WTO, ignoring bipartisan congressional directives, and 
leaving American companies vulnerable to discriminatory trade 
barriers and digital protectionism abroad.
    Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, will you commit to restoring 
U.S. leadership in digital trade by advancing strong digital 
trade rules and prioritizing support for U.S. digital exports?
    Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
    Senator Young. Fantastic. I am out of time, Mr. Chairman. 
Thank you.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Rosen.

                STATEMENT OF HON. JACKY ROSEN, 
                    U.S. SENATOR FROM NEVADA

    Senator Rosen. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Thank you, Madam 
Chair. Mr. Lutnick, thank you for being here. A pleasure to 
meet your family. I appreciated the conversation that we had 
ahead of this hearing, and I look forward to your responses how 
to carry out the Department's mission to support Americans 
innovation. And however, with the Administrations 
unconstitutional move to freeze Federal funding, including 
critical investments in American innovation, like the Tech Hubs 
Program, heard of that in Nevada, building out our rural 
broadband infrastructure, really important again, in Nevada, I 
am skeptical on the ability of this Administration to deliver 
on that mission. And I also remain concerned that the policies 
outlined by this Administration will raise prices on everyday 
goods and have the potential to make housing and energy more 
expensive.
    But with that I am going to turn to a few really critically 
important things to Nevada's economy that we touched on a bit. 
One, of course, everybody knows about, well, of course, 
Southern Nevada and Las Vegas, are travel and tourism, key to 
Nevada's economy, top economic driver of every single state in 
this Nation and so, backbone of Nevada's economy.
    That is why several years ago, when I was Chair of the 
Subcommittee on Tours and Trade and Export Promotion, I worked 
across the aisle. We passed bipartisan legislation to create an 
Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Domestic Travel and 
Tourism. Unfortunately we did not nominate anyone for the 
position, even after I secured the funding for it in last 
year's spending bill.
    So again, as tourism, top economic driver everywhere, 
really, really important. Urban and rural, every state in this 
Nation has some place great and wonderful to go see. And while 
we as Americans love to do that, as people around the world, 
just quickly yes or no, will you quickly work with me to fill 
this open position with a qualified nominee to be sure the 
Department supports our travel and tourism economies across the 
United States?
    Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
    Senator Rosen. Thank you. I want to move on quickly to 
something else in Nevada, because Nevada, I do not know if you 
have been there, we got a lot of sun. They have a lot of sun.
    Mr. Lutnick. I have been there.
    Senator Rosen. And one of my top priorities, we have a lot 
of stars and a lot of sun, but some of the darkest skies, some 
of the biggest stars on the strip, darkest skies in the center 
of Nevada and a lot of sun up and down the state.
    One of my top priorities has been to protect the solar 
industry and the really great-paying jobs it creates in Nevada. 
In fact, we have the most solar jobs per capita, more than any 
other state in the Nation. And so like you, I want to keep 
these good-paying jobs here in America. I want to reduce our 
reliance on China, especially as it pertains to the solar 
energy industry. We can talk more about solar manufacturing.
    But with that in mind, will you work with me to ensure that 
any new tariffs by the Administration do not hurt American 
solar jobs by making components of the solar supply chain 
prohibitively expensive, because I believe failure to do so 
will hurt our many small business in Nevada, small and large, 
not just in Nevada, but all across this country, as this is a 
booming industry.
    Mr. Lutnick. I will be glad to commit to study that.
    Senator Rosen. Thank you. I am going to move on to 
something I know everybody has been talking about is the 
broadband BEAD funding. Earlier this month, NTIA approved 
Nevada's BEAD application. It unlocked $416 million. It is 
going to connect all Nevadans to affordable, reliable, high-
speed internet. We are in the top ten most largest states. We 
are a deep frontier state. We are one of the most mountainous 
states in the lower 48. We have significant challenges.
    And even before the OMB guidance is issued earlier this 
week and halted Federal funding, some in the Administration 
have advocated for drastically altering this program, clawing 
back funds already allocated to the states. Because of our 
geography and geology, we are years into the process in Nevada, 
as well as a few other states. We are on the edge of build out, 
and before you answer these questions, may I remind you at the 
outset that laws are not simply suggestions from Congress.
    So, can you commit that Nevada will not have to restart 
what has been a years' long process and will receive its full, 
allocated amount that Congress has allocated to it, under the 
BEAD program, given our plan has already been approved?
    Mr. Lutnick. I can commit to you that if it has been 
rigorously done and deeply efficient and it is the most 
efficient use to get broadband to your constituents, then it is 
easy for me to commit to it. But if there are errors and 
mistakes, you would not mind if we made it better, you would 
not mind.
    Senator Rosen. The project has already been approved. We 
are complying with all the requirements and the guidelines. We 
are about to build out. Laws and allocations, appropriations 
from Congress, they are not simply suggestions; it is the law. 
Now, just asking like others, if you will allocate what has 
already been complied with and what is ready to be built?
    Mr. Lutnick. I will read through that. I can commit I will 
read through the document, understand it with precision, and 
make sure that the outcome that you appropriated for, which is 
broadband to your citizens, I am totally committed to that, but 
I want to make sure it is done efficiently and effectively.
    Senator Rosen. That is not the question. The question was, 
will you comply with the appropriators of the United States 
Congress?
    Mr. Lutnick. Again, I would say it just the same way again. 
Rigorous review----
    Senator Rosen. Do you think laws are suggestions, Mr. 
Lutnick?
    Mr. Lutnick. Absolutely not.
    Senator Rosen. Thank you.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Budd.

                  STATEMENT OF HON. TED BUDD, 
                U.S. SENATOR FROM NORTH CAROLINA

    Senator Budd. Mr. Lutnick, welcome, and welcome your family 
as well. Thanks for your willingness to do this, to step away 
from quite a role, and also your family as well, who supports 
you.
    I want to talk for a minute about something we have 
mentioned several times and that is DeepSeek. In the release of 
the Chinese AI model, which was allegedly trained on a batch of 
export compliant older generation semiconductors for just a 
fraction of the cost of our models, it shows that China, 
however they got there, they might not be as far behind as we 
assumed.
    So if confirmed, how would you approach this issue and 
ensure the United States wins the AI race against China? And I 
will also say, as you enter this role, keep on your hat as an 
entrepreneur and do not lose that. I am reflecting on Y 
Combinator, Garry Tan who said as a result of this DeepSeek 
disruption a few days ago, he said a thousand flowers will 
bloom, and that is specifically as a result of DeepSeek. So how 
do you see this as an opportunity, and how do we win here?
    Mr. Lutnick. What this showed is that our export controls, 
not backed by tariffs, are like a whack-a-mole model where they 
get prevented over here and China figures out a way around it 
over there. We have got to find a way to back our export 
controls with tariff models, so that we tell China, you think 
we are your most important trading partner? When we say no, the 
answer is no. It is a respect thing. They have disrespected us. 
They have figured out their ways around it. I do not believe 
that DeepSeek was done all above board; that is nonsense, OK? 
They stole things, they broke in, they have taken our IP. It is 
got to end. And I am going to be rigorous in our pursuit of 
restrictions, and enforcing those restrictions to keep us in 
the lead, because we must stay in the lead.
    Senator Budd. Thanks for that. Next question, I want to ask 
you about the risk of our models being hosted on Chinese 
servers for American users, and the risk of reverse engineering 
models. The broader question really is about IP, so would you 
dig in to a little bit about how you want to enforce 
intellectual property, American intellectual property?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think the Chinese use our Patent Office 
against us. They use our laws. They have huge applications, and 
those applications are growing like fire. They are trademarks. 
You know, what they would do is they would say, Senator Budd, 
and then they would say S Budd and S Budd S, you know what I 
mean? They just go right around your trademark and abuse it. So 
I think we need to stop that. We need to address it. We need to 
stop it. We need to end it. And we need to have countries 
understand, if you do not respect our companies' IP there, you 
should not expect the same treatment here.
    Reciprocity is a word that really is effective. We are 
treated hardly. We want that to change, but you should expect 
the same treatment here.
    Senator Budd. Thank you. I want to ask this. With your 
financial background, I hear DeepSeek's founding company, I 
think it also owns a hedge fund. I am still getting information 
on this. Do you think there is perhaps a financial play from 
China because of the loss in market cap, or was it perhaps even 
a short sell play on our markets?
    Mr. Lutnick. Oh, I do not know.
    Senator Budd. Is it worth looking at?
    Mr. Lutnick. Of course.
    Senator Budd. Thank you. Are you concerned that in the U.S. 
we are focused, and perhaps even here in Congress, we are 
focused on regulating our own AI activities at the expense of 
China taking the lead and unlocking AGI or artificial general 
intelligence before we do?
    Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
    Senator Budd. What do you think we need to do here, to 
prevent us falling in that trap?
    Mr. Lutnick. We were successful on the Internet and created 
the greatest technology companies in the world because we had 
an American touch of it, right? We did the Internet the 
American way, and that is why the tech companies of the world 
are ours, right? We need to do the same thing with AI. We need 
to make sure that we set standards that the world meets, so 
they are American standards that the world meets, and I think 
that is the way we will keep our lead. Do it the American way, 
which we know is the winning way, our allies know it is the 
winning way, and we need to set those standards.
    Senator Budd. Thank you. I do want to follow up on 
something we talked about in my office, on a completely 
different topic, and yes, it does involve fish. So, the 
previous administration, they withdrew their NOAA Whale Strike 
Reduction rule, which would have had disastrous consequences 
for those in North Carolina, especially in the coastal 
communities. So will you and your team and your office continue 
working with the fishing and boating industry to develop 
policies and procedures that protects marine life without 
limiting access to North Carolina's, and our nation's coastal 
waterways?
    Mr. Lutnick. An easy commitment.
    Senator Budd. Thank you. Mr. Chair.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Kim.

                  STATEMENT OF HON. ANDY KIM, 
                  U.S. SENATOR FROM NEW JERSEY

    Senator Kim. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Mr. Lutnick, it is great 
to see you and your family. I just want to start, you know, I 
am representing the state of New Jersey, and I remember exactly 
where I was when I saw the towers come down and as you were 
talking, I just spent some time on this hearing, actually just 
kind of counting through of the people we lost in New Jersey, 
how many were from Cantor Fitzgerald and if I got my number 
right, it was over 230 New Jerseyans that worked for Cantor 
Fitzgerald, which is roughly about a third of the victims of 
New Jersey.
    So I just wanted to just express that with you. People in 
New Jersey certainly remember that day, will never forget it, 
and the work that you did and your colleagues did to try to 
help the victim families, I appreciate that.
    Mr. Lutnick. Thank you.
    Senator Kim. You know, it is still very much in that sense 
of national security. It was actually on that day that I 
decided I was going to dedicate the rest of my life to national 
security issues. And some of the things we have talked about 
today actually, you know, the goal is toward that direction. 
That is what brought the bipartisan CHIPS and Science Act 
together, was this sense that we are entering a new era of 
national security concerns.
    And so I guess, you know, I heard what you said about, you 
know, CHIPS and Science being an excellent down payment, but I 
guess I would like to just tease out and get a little bit more 
of a sense from you, just what you believe our role is in the 
U.S. Government when it comes to building up industries, trying 
to be competitive. You know, are you someone that sees a role 
for government investment directly, like we have in CHIPS and 
Science, or are you somebody that still believes it needs to be 
more hands off, more market driven in that kind of capacity? 
Can you give me a little insights on how you approach this?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think you gave the Department of Commerce 
the tools to bring domestic semiconductor manufacturing home. 
So I think it needed that jumpstart and you, in a bipartisan 
way, created that jumpstart. and so I believe it was necessary 
and important. And you are going to see this Department of 
Commerce bring domestic manufacturing of semiconductors, and 
then we are going to drive after that, the supply chain to the 
United States of America, drive it here. We are too reliant on 
Taiwan. We need to have, for national security, and for our 
business, we need to have that production in America.
    Senator Kim. I agree with that. I certainly want to see 
that manufacturing back and you know, Senator Budd and others 
were talking about DeepSeek, other types of concerns that we 
face, beyond just when it comes to semiconductor manufacturing, 
AI, and other types of technologies.
    So I guess what I am trying to think through, being a 
member of this committee and elsewhere is, you know, is there a 
2.0? You know, is there a 2.0 that we can build upon with CHIPS 
and Science, you know, have that kind of coalition and stay 
together. Maybe not necessarily specific on chips anymore, but 
on a different element of critical manufacturing or critical 
technology innovations. Would that be something you would be 
supportive of, you know, taking that kind of model of CHIPS and 
Science and applying it in a different sector?
    Mr. Lutnick. I do. I think my job is to give you the 
benefit of the bargain. You passed CHIPS and Science. My job is 
to bring domestic production of semiconductors home to America, 
and then we are going to attack the supply chain, so we have 
the full supply chain, so we can be independent from a national 
security perspective. So if I need help, I will come and talk 
to you about that, but first I need to execute what you have 
given me, which is CHIPS and Science. Let's go get you the 
benefit of the bargain. I am not the kind of person to come and 
ask for more appropriations if we have not delivered the first 
time.
    Senator Kim. Well, I hope this is something we can work on 
together, if you are confirmed, because I think it is 
important. On top of that, I mean look, I will say you have a 
job, not just selling things to the American people, but I hope 
as you engage with the President, I am not positive where he 
stands on CHIPS and Science, I will be honest with you. But 
some of what I hear, that he calls it a bad deal, called it a 
ridiculous program. I am hoping that you and others can try to 
help engage there and see what it is we can do to try and move 
this in a different direction.
    Just one last thing before I conclude here, when you talked 
about tariffs, you talked about across the board, country by 
country, but I guess I want to ask you, especially when it 
comes to country by country, is there a prioritization list? 
You know, are you distinguishing between allies and 
adversaries? Because as I started this question about China 
being an overarching concern that all of us have, you know, why 
aren't we prioritizing predominantly on China, especially when 
we have to consider whether or not we are going to use 
multilateral tools when it comes to terrorists, that will allow 
us to magnify our own effectiveness going up against such a 
large economy like China. Which, we are going to need our 
allies and our partners there, but are we burning those bridges 
if we are putting our tariffs targeting to our allies and our 
partners at this stage. So I just wanted your thoughts on that.
    Mr. Lutnick. I think Chinese tariffs should be the highest. 
Our adversaries should be the highest. But the fact that we 
Americans cannot sell an American car in Europe is just wrong, 
and it needs to be fixed. So while they are our ally, they are 
taking advantage of us, and they are disrespecting us, and I 
would like to see that end.
    Senator Kim. I have no problems with that sense of service, 
but I do ask as we go through this that we keep in mind just 
the tremendous threat that we are under right now, in terms of 
our economic national security. And with that I will yield back 
to the Chairman.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Schmitt.

                STATEMENT OF HON. ERIC SCHMITT, 
                   U.S. SENATOR FROM MISSOURI

    Senator Schmitt. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Lutnick, it 
is great to see you. It is great to see your beautiful wife and 
your lovely family join you here today. Be very proud, and we 
are very fortunate as a country to have you step up, and your 
willingness to do this. Obviously your career has been laid out 
and your work in building a company, you should be very, very 
proud of and of course, after the events of 9/11, truly 
admirable.
    I also have seen your, this is, you have been very 
successful. It is not lost on me, your willingness to serve in 
this capacity, and I think it is a testament to how much you 
love this country. As we have had these conversations, I think 
that is your motivation here, which we appreciate. I know the 
people back home do.
    I do have to say something though. My Democrat friends on 
the other side of the aisle have suddenly found religion on 
following the law, like it is remarkable to me. The reason why 
we have the freeze on grant applications right now is because 
the Department of Commerce, outside of the law, interpreted it 
to say that you need to hire enough ex-convicts to build a 
CHIPS factory. The DEI required, that is why it is slowed down. 
One of the reasons why we do not have broadband laid in this 
country is because you require small contractors to have 
climate action plans.
    So spare me the outrage about suddenly now being concerned 
about following the law. The Biden administration was lawless. 
And through every agency, through every tentacle, through every 
artery, they infused this DEI stuff, they infused this climate 
activism stuff. And I agree with you, the Article I branch 
reigned supreme. We never voted on any of that stuff. We never 
voted on any of that stuff. So I look forward to you following 
the law as you have indicated that you will.
    I do want to touch on a couple of topics. Sorry, I was not 
going to do that but I am just sitting here, listening to this. 
Space. So I came into this chamber, in this body, two years 
ago. I never would have imagined that I would have been the 
Ranking Member of the Space and Science Committee, dealing with 
these commercial space issues, which are fascinating.
    America really is the innovator here, and you and I have 
talked about this. This is a real race. I mean, we are talking 
about AI, but this is a real race with China. They are serious 
about this. They are playing meaningfully in space. We are the 
leader right now. But if we did not have the competition we 
have in the private sector, we would not be talking about going 
to Mars in five years. And I know that we have talked about 
this, but in this public forum, that falls under your purview, 
how important it is to you. And also there is a small agency 
within the Department that I think we probably need to give it 
a little more prominence, that deals with these issues.
    Mr. Lutnick. I think space and the data that we can collect 
from space is fundamental to America. It is American 
innovation, but they have got to be American companies, right? 
It is vital that these are American companies, controlled by 
America, part of our oversight, is vital. I think we have got 
the lead. We have got to focus on it. We have got to encourage 
it. And I think it would be a great national asset of ours 
going forward.
    Senator Schmitt. I think, many people have touched on AI, 
and among armed services and commerce, you see kind of the 
military application, the commercial application, and I think a 
lot of people view it in separate buckets. But the truth is, 
for the Chinese Communist Party, everything is dual use, 
everything is dual use. And civilizations have come and gone 
because they lose the technology race in a military 
application. And I think that what we are talking about with 
AI, the energy that is required to go do this and the 
innovation, we are better innovators than them, they copy 
pretty well. But what we cannot allow them to do is be better 
innovators than us.
    And I think that this DeepSeek has been mentioned. It is 
possible that they used something called distillation, which is 
they use what we do really well, they ask--they have an 
algorithm that asks what we have--a million questions and 
essentially copy what we have done, to gain the advantage that 
they--it is possible. Like that is one explanation for what we 
saw.
    But my hope is that it is sort of a Sputnik moment for us, 
that our focus is less about controlling this, which some of 
the proposals we have seen in the last couple years are about 
controlling or locking in incumbents. I do not think we need to 
do that; that is the European model. But to really have real 
innovation here and not be distracted with sort of the woke AI. 
We saw this, you know, the Black George Washington stuff.
    I mean we cannot be distracted with this. Like this is the 
real deal. AI is the real race. And I know that you are very 
focused on this and you have talked about this, so I do not 
want to ask you the same question. But just as it relates to 
locking in incumbents, making sure we have really robust 
competition in space, can you talk a little bit about that with 
the time that I have left, which is none.
    Mr. Lutnick. We need to have the lead. We need to stay 
focused on it. We need to get the nonsense off the chart and 
just focus on raw, artificial intelligence, making us the 
leader, and have the standards that we are the leader. It is 
vital for us. And I think your points are very well made.
    Senator Schmitt. Look forward to working with you, Mr. 
Lutnick. Congrats.
    The Chairman. Following up with Senator Schmitt, I do not 
know if this is a Sputnik moment, but it is at minimum, a 
Lutnick moment. Senator Blunt Rochester.

            STATEMENT OF HON. LISA BLUNT ROCHESTER, 
                   U.S. SENATOR FROM DELAWARE

    Senator Blunt Rochester. Thank you, Chair Cruz, and Ranking 
Member Cantwell. I also want to thank you, Mr. Lutnick, for 
taking the time to meet with me in my office last week and I 
especially appreciated talking to you about the critical role 
that this Department plays in unleashing and promoting economic 
opportunity in our country and around the world. And as I 
shared with you, securing our supply chains and making them 
resilient is one of my top priorities, and I am proud to co-
lead bipartisan legislation with Ranking Member Cantwell and 
Senator Blackburn. We introduced this week the Promoting 
Resilient Supply Chains Act, Senate S. 257 earlier this week, 
and I noted that in our conversation, you expressed a very high 
level of confidence in the effectiveness of the President's 
tariff agenda. But in what ways do you think imposing macro 
tariffs will impact our supply chains?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think it will bring--it will assist us in 
bringing supply chains home. We need those supply chains here. 
It is vital to our national interests for semiconductors. It is 
vital for us for pharmaceuticals. We have allowed our 
adversaries to take advantage of us, and even our allies to 
take advantage of us. It is time for us to take care of 
ourselves and I think tariffs will encourage companies to come 
back and build in America, which is something I think our 
workers need, and I think you and I agree.
    Senator Blunt Rochester. This was one of the major things 
that we focused on, as well, onshoring and nearshoring, when I 
led this in the House. But we also talked about this Department 
leading on mapping and monitoring threats to our supply chains 
and making them more resilient. Can I hear a commitment from 
you that you will, as the head of this Department should you 
get it, lead and focus on mapping and monitoring those threats?
    Mr. Lutnick. Easy to do. Yes.
    Senator Blunt Rochester. Senator Moran asked about 
exclusions, and you said that there were too many exclusions 
the first time that the Administration imposed tariffs, and you 
were just talking about drugs in particular. Are there 
exceptions that you would make? You said that there were way 
too many--like producing lifesaving drugs or drug components, 
is this an area where you would make exceptions?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think it needs to be studied. I think the 
right answer is, the President launched in his EO, substantial 
studies. Let's let those studies play out, and then I will come 
back and gladly talk to you about it.
    Senator Blunt Rochester. What we do know is that generic 
drugs are increasingly being produced overseas, and as a 
country we are facing drug shortages, active drugs, like 271 of 
them. So do you think that tariffs will increase the cost of 
drugs for Americans?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think one of the problems we see in drugs is 
that we are the innovator of drugs of the world. And all these 
other countries just disrespect us and basically force our 
companies to sell dirt cheap to them. I think if we address 
that model, drug prices in America will come down.
    Senator Blunt Rochester. One of my big concerns is the 
impact of the cost on the American people. The Peterson 
Institute for International Economics estimates that the 
President's proposal could result in $2,600 annual loss for 
middle class families. I am not going to ask you any more 
questions about tariffs, but I want to put a pin in that 
because that is really one of the main priorities for us, is 
making sure that people are safe and well, but that they can 
also afford to live.
    I am glad you support NOAA, you said it in our meeting; you 
also said it here. Just yes or no, will you maintain the 
programs at the Economic Development Administration, EDA?
    Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
    Senator Blunt Rochester. Yes or no, do you support 
dismantling the Minority Business Development Agency?
    Mr. Lutnick. I do not.
    Senator Blunt Rochester. Do you believe that the MBDA 
receives enough funding to carry out its mission successfully?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think it is small, so it is hard for it to 
be successful. It can be effective, but to be important to 
America, it is small. So you have to put things in sort of 
their size containment and it is a small agency, as you know.
    Senator Blunt Rochester. Thank you for sharing that, and 
would love to work with you on that. As former Secretary of 
Labor in Delaware, I think I shared with you, jobs are one of 
the most important things to me. I said if I had another middle 
name, it would be Lisa Blunt ``Jobs'' Rochester. It is that 
important to me. And this Department plays a critical role. It 
was mentioned that tech hubs are important to us in a 
bipartisan way, so your commitment to continue that bipartisan 
support for tech hubs, yes or no?
    Mr. Lutnick. Seems sensible. Yes.
    Senator Blunt Rochester. Seems sensible. And then also, 
another example of this kind of innovation is NIIMBL, which is 
a manufacturing USA institute based at the University of 
Delaware, focused on biomedical, bio-pharmaceutical 
manufacturing. Do you commit to supporting NIIMBL as it grows 
our biopharmaceutical manufacturing strength?
    Mr. Lutnick. I can commit to studying it. I do not know 
enough about it to----
    Senator Blunt Rochester. Maybe you could commit to coming 
to Delaware and visiting.
    Mr. Lutnick. I am happy to come to Delaware and visit.
    Senator Blunt Rochester. Thank you and I yield back.
    The Chairman. Thank you. And I want to thank Senator Curtis 
and Senator Moreno. They very kindly agreed to let Senator 
Sheehy skip the line because he has got to preside over the 
Senate in 20 minutes. So Senator Sheehy. I think that was wise 
discretion.

                 STATEMENT OF HON. TIM SHEEHY, 
                   U.S. SENATOR FROM MONTANA

    Senator Sheehy. Especially Columbian drug dealers. Thanks 
for stepping away from your business empire in order to come do 
this job. We need guys like you to get this country back on 
track.
    I do not like fish, so I am not going to talk about it. I 
am a beef guy. But AI is getting tons of press, getting lots of 
investment, that is great. But there are also industries we 
need, that have made this country great, and we need them in 
the future. How do we bring back industries, resource 
industries like mining, timber? How do we get them back on 
their feet, how do we attract capital in those industries, and 
how do we make America a leader in those industries again?
    Mr. Lutnick. We have chased those industries away with a 
regulatory environment that makes no sense to me. Why would we 
mine--we do not mine lithium in America. We want to have 
electric cars. Granted we all want clean air and clean water. 
But why do we mine, why do we have Australia mine lithium, with 
coal, put it on a supertanker, which pollutes the heck out of 
it, drive it all the way here, put it in trucks, and drive it 
across the United States of America, instead of mining it in 
the United States of America? It makes no sense at all. We need 
to change the regulatory environment and unleash America for 
the benefit of America.
    Senator Sheehy. There used to be 36 timber mills in Montana 
and now there are barely four and a half, and one is about to 
go under.
    Mr. Lutnick. Ridiculous. It is ridiculous.
    Senator Sheehy. And there would not be any AI if we did not 
have the components to build the chips and the processors we 
need, and we should be getting those here, in this country. So 
I think, you know, as probably the most powerful person 
regarding our economy, I am glad to hear you are ready to 
attack those issues.
    The greatest national security advantage we have had is not 
our military or our government or our Congress, it is our 
economy. We won World War II because of the economy. Right now 
we have a very consolidated and brittle defense industrial 
complex. Russia makes artillery shells I think ten times faster 
than we do for 8 percent the cost. China builds ships 30 times 
faster. How can you, in your new role, not just bring back 
manufacturing, but bring back defense manufacturing so we can 
be the arsenal of democracy in the next great war?
    Mr. Lutnick. The drive to do manufacturing and 
competitively, in America. You know, the American military 
industrial complex has been monopolies only to bring 
competition out, to bring drone manufacturing here. These are 
fundamentals that, what happens is I am just in the room and I 
can push for it. It is a commerce view of things. Let's get 
competition, let's get American ingenuity out there, let's get 
new people producing national security. Let's just unleash 
America for the benefit of America. I think we have been too 
constrained for too long. That is over. It needs to be all 
about American ingenuity, and I think if you unleash American 
ingenuity, you know, the scale by which we will outrun, 
outpace, outperform the rest of the world will be incredible.
    Senator Sheehy. And finally, back to the fish that I do not 
like. So NOAA, 70 plus percent of the Earth's surface is ocean. 
The bottom of the ocean has untold deposits of minerals, oil 
and gas, I mean resources that we have barely touched. I do not 
know how much you have thought about it, but I would be 
interested in just your thoughts on how you can leverage your 
position in Commerce and of course NOAA itself to expand 
undersea mining and resource extraction for the benefit of our 
economy?
    Mr. Lutnick. It is important for American national security 
that the key rare-earth minerals, we create ourself. 
Fortunately we have the greatest land in the world, and under 
our seas is the rest of whatever we do not have on land. We 
need to harvest it, we need to understand it, and we need to 
take care of America. We can. And that by the end of the Trump 
administration, we need to understand and take care of 
ourselves. Protect ourselves and take care of ourselves. It is 
vital.
    Senator Sheehy. Great. You are going to do a great job. 
Thank you.
    Mr. Lutnick. Thank you.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Lujan.

               STATEMENT OF HON. BEN RAY LUJAN, 
                  U.S. SENATOR FROM NEW MEXICO

    Senator Lujan. Mr. Lutnick, thank you so much for being 
with us today. Appreciated the conversation in our office as 
well. I am going to start on the subject, that it sounds like 
there has been a lot of conversation in the space. I apologize 
for not being here for your entire hearing. I was over in the 
Finance Committee hearing----
    Mr. Lutnick. The key is you are supposed to invite me to 
New Mexico, OK? This is the key.
    Senator Lujan. I appreciate that. Now, Mr. Lutnick, yes or 
no, do you believe that reaching truly universal access to 
high-speed Internet across the country is an important and 
possible goal to achieve?
    Mr. Lutnick. Sounds like a great goal.
    Senator Lujan. Yes or no, do you believe it is important 
that high-speed Internet is available at every school in 
America?
    Mr. Lutnick. Sounds very important to do.
    Senator Lujan. Do you believe that it can be done?
    Mr. Lutnick. I do. We are the greatest country on Earth. 
How can we not be able to do it?
    Senator Lujan. Will you commit to investing infrastructure 
to get it done?
    Mr. Lutnick. With all the tools I have available to me, I 
will do my best to try to get that done. That sounds like an 
excellent set of goals.
    Senator Lujan. If you are asked to cut that program by the 
President of the United States, will you----
    Mr. Lutnick. I work for him.
    Senator Lujan. Is your response that, if the President 
asked you to cut broadband infrastructure funding, that you 
will do that? Is that what I just heard?
    Mr. Lutnick. Again, I work for the President of the United 
States, and I am here to execute his policies. I think he 
agrees that broadband Internet to America is important. 
Efficiently and effectively delivered, I think he, in my 
conversations with him, he thinks that is important. Wasted 
money and abuse of our resources has got to end, but I think we 
can achieve your goals. And I think he agrees with me that he 
will allow me to achieve the goals that you have just 
suggested, which I agree with.
    Senator Lujan. I do not disagree that there should be 
efficiency and that we should stand up to fraud. My question to 
you is, if President Trump asks you to cut infrastructure 
funding, as passed by this Congress in a bipartisan way, to 
build out Internet to every school, as we both agree was an 
important issue, will you oppose that?
    Mr. Lutnick. I work for the President.
    Senator Lujan. Is that an answer saying yes, then you will 
cut it if asked by the President of the United States? It is a 
simple thing, sir. You have been in the boardroom a lot of 
times, Mr. Lutnick. I am not going back and forth with you. We 
have 5 minutes here, I will ask you in writing. We will keep 
going. It is not about trying to evade this. It is just a 
simple question. If you work for the President, and you are 
saying he gives you an order, you are going to do it. Is that 
the case, if you are told to cut the infrastructure money, as 
passed by this Congress when it comes to broadband? Yes or no?
    Mr. Lutnick. I will get with the lawyers of Commerce and I 
will do it correctly. But I believe my objective is to give you 
the benefit of the bargain. That is my objective. I have said 
that before. That means you have appropriated it, and my 
objective is to execute what has been appropriated. That is my 
objective. If the President has other objectives, I will sit 
down and talk with him about it. But my objectives, as I sit 
here today, are to execute and give you the benefit of the 
bargain, that which you have appropriated.
    Senator Lujan. Mr. Lutnick, I will slow down. If the 
President asks you to cut an infrastructure program, will you 
cut the program?
    Mr. Lutnick. I work for him. I will say it again and again 
and again, I work for the President of the United States.
    Senator Lujan. Mr. Lutnick, are you not going to answer 
that question?
    Mr. Lutnick. I am trying to answer the question.
    Senator Lujan. Yes or no?
    Mr. Lutnick. Yes, I work for the President of the United 
States.
    Senator Lujan. I appreciate you being cute with this, sir. 
It is not cute.
    Mr. Lutnick. I am not trying to be cute at all.
    Senator Lujan. Mr. Chairman, if I may, respond. It is not 
cute to the American people that do not have access to these 
programs, while they are being promised that AI is going to get 
tutoring to every student. Mr. Lutnick, it is not going to 
happen if people do not have connectivity. Mr. Kennedy was in 
the other room saying that every person in America is going to 
get the access of some AI doctor to help cure the cancers that 
they have got or whatever other critical illness they have. It 
is not cute. This is serious business. We are talking about 
carrying these programs out for the country. I understand you 
are a very successful person. We are asking very simple 
questions. And we had an incredible conversation in the office, 
incredible conversation, a very respectful one. This is not 
that. I just do not understand.
    Mr. Lutnick. Actually, I do not understand where we 
disagree.
    Senator Lujan. I am not asking for a response, Mr. Lutnick. 
I am not.
    Mr. Lutnick. OK.
    Senator Lujan. Mr. Chairman, one of the areas that we agree 
is that we should work on a bipartisan basis to get these 
things done. I have a reputation of being a bipartisan member 
in this office of working with my colleagues. I have supported 
several of these nominees. I came into this hearing with an 
open mind. Maybe I am the only Democrat that is going to say no 
right now. This is ridiculous. We have a responsibility to 
communicate to each other for the people that we work for. It 
is not just that you work for Donald Trump, sir. You work for 
the American people if you get this position. You told me that 
in my office. It is for the American people, to bring the 
genius that you have brought to your success, to deliver the 
grand bargain, to get things done. That is the conversation we 
had. I am beside myself with this little exchange. I truly am. 
I am just surprised.
    Mr. Chairman, I have gone over my time. I yield back. 
Disappointing.
    The Chairman. Thank you, Senator Lujan. I would note, for 
the record, having participated in dozens and dozens of 
confirmation hearings, I do not recall a single Cabinet nominee 
for Barack Obama testifying that he would defy an order for 
Barack Obama. I do not recall a single Cabinet nominee for Joe 
Biden testifying that he would defy a Cabinet order from 
President Joe Biden. And it is unsurprising that President 
Trump's Cabinet nominees are not interested in testifying that 
they intend to defy orders from President Trump.
    Senator Cantwell. [Inaudible.]
    Senator Lujan. Mr. Chairman, I do not disagree with that. 
But if the answer is no, then the answer is no. I apologize for 
interrupting the Ranking Member.
    Senator Cantwell. No, no, I think the Chairman is moving 
on. I will wait to the second round to ask this, larger 
illumination of this problem.
    The Chairman. Senator Curtis.

                STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN CURTIS, 
                     U.S. SENATOR FROM UTAH

    Senator Curtis. Well, that took a different turn. I was 
just about to brag that they save their best for last here on 
the Committee. And now we are down to three, and the Vice 
President rarely speaks in innuendos, but I think if you go 
back to his introduction when he pointed out this side of the 
room was where he sat, he was trying to imply the best minds in 
the Committee were over here on this side.
    So, I am just going to touch on this previous question for 
half a second. I do not want to spend a lot of time on it. But 
you and I talked about this in my office, because the geography 
in Utah. So, let me try to reframe a little bit what I think I 
heard from you in the office. Is it fair to assume you would 
like every student in America to have the resources they need 
to be successful in school?
    Mr. Lutnick. Of course.
    Senator Curtis. Is it at all possible that Congress did not 
get it perfectly right when we set standards for how we were 
going to get to those students? And is it fair to say what you 
are really after is the best way to get that to them, 
regardless if Congress got it right or not?
    Mr. Lutnick. Correct.
    Senator Curtis. OK. All right. Let me move on for just a 
minute. We talked about tech hubs, and I am sure all members 
would feel this way, but they are not here to defend 
themselves. We have the best tech hub in Utah, Silicon Slopes. 
It is this crazy bed of innovation, of entrepreneurship, and 
risk taking, and bright, sharp minds. And we have talked a 
little bit about these tech hubs and the support that they 
receive from the Federal Government, and I have heard you a 
couple times say you agree that we need to figure out how to 
support those from the government.
    So I want to double down that that is important to Utah. 
But I would tell you if they were here today, they would say, 
``You know what's killing us? It is regulation and it is 
taxation.'' Can you talk for just a minute about how we not 
only support them with government problems, but we kind of stay 
out the way and let them be successful?
    Mr. Lutnick. I agree that it is a broad set of regulations 
that are holding back America. We need to unleash American 
ingenuity, get out of the way and let Americans be the most 
extraordinary people, which they are. And so I completely agree 
with you, that a lesser regulatory environment will unleash 
America, and we will be much, much better off with less of a 
hand on our head, holding us down, and more arms carrying us 
up. I think that is fundamental and important, and I think you 
are going to get that with the Trump administration.
    Senator Curtis. Thank you. And on your state tours, please 
put Utah on there. You and I will go to Silicon Slopes and have 
this conversation.
    Mr. Lutnick. That sounds fun to me.
    Senator Curtis. I have got a whole lot more I want to 
cover. I am just going to kind of go quickly. We talked a lot 
about this Chinese model that has been developed for artificial 
intelligence. And supposedly it has been done cheaper and 
better than the United States. And color me skeptical----
    Mr. Lutnick. Well, it is easy to be cheaper if you steal 
it.
    Senator Curtis. Right. And so my question is, how do we 
finally get to accountability for this? Because I want a really 
productive relationship with China, but as long as there is no 
accountability, we cannot have that. How do you, in your role, 
how do we get to accountability on this? And then, second, can 
we acknowledge this is TikTok on steroids, right? If we are 
worried about the influence of the CCP on America with TikTok, 
this is on steroids. Can you just address both of those 
quickly?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think the first answer is reciprocity with 
China. How you treat us is how you should expect to be treated 
by us. I think we have let them off the hook for far too long. 
They treat us horrifically in China, and yet we let them ride 
roughshod over us here. That needs to end. I think the term 
reciprocity, which sounds fair, would show that they are 
treating us horribly. So, that is the first step, I think. A 
good word for this Administration to repeat endlessly, 
reciprocity. Treat others the way they treat us.
    Senator Curtis. It was earlier mentioned the Artificial 
Intelligence Safety Institute that is underneath you. And if 
that needs a new life and new legs, I would love to work with 
the Senate and yourself to give you the tools that you need to 
do exactly that.
    Finally, when you were in my office, we talked about 
tariffs. And just want to double down on a couple points we 
talked about that day. They are disproportionately hard on 
small business. And we talked about perhaps longer runways for 
small business and things like that. And I just want to see if 
you have any thoughts that have matured on that. And how do we 
do the goals the President have with tariffs, but also kind of 
watch out for our small businesses?
    Mr. Lutnick. Well, you laid that out when we talked in your 
office. And I will make sure that that is a key part of our 
studies, that we think about small businesses and the importers 
of those small businesses and how best to find our way to be 
acceptable to them in the model.
    Senator Curtis. Good. And just for those that were not in 
that meeting, part of the conversation was can we have a longer 
runway for small business to meet those obligations, because it 
is harder for them to pivot, and I look forward to your 
discussions on that.
    And finally, just on tariffs, before I run out of time, I 
will just comment, and we will not have time for your response. 
But this concept of they will make prices go up, but we have to 
think about Americans. If we are demanding of our businesses, 
that they meet emission regulations, and if we are demanding 
that they meet OSHA regulations and human right regulations, 
and we are not demanding it of somebody else, we either need to 
stop demanding it here or demand it of them.
    And with that, I am unfortunately out of time, and I need 
to yield my time back.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Hickenlooper.

             STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN HICKENLOOPER, 
                   U.S. SENATOR FROM COLORADO

    Senator Hickenlooper. Great. And I appreciate Senator 
Curtis referring to the last three as being the best, saving 
the best for last. Although, I bumped you out of that bottom 
three.
    [Laughter.]
    Senator Hickenlooper. I apologize for that. Mr. Lutnick, 
thank you for your time. Thanks for all that you have done. I 
think some of the stories of how you responded to not just the 
crisis of 9/11, but many crises in your life illuminates the 
kind of person you are. And I respect that.
    I have got a couple questions around Tether. I was here 
earlier when you talked about allowing, when you get AI in 
government, we can follow it pretty quickly. But we know that 
Russia has used it to buy drone parts and to avoid sanctions, 
that one of the main financiers for Iran had $100 million, 
moving it around using Tether. It is used in a lot of scams on 
Americans.
    What is the best way, in your sense, I mean, if we are 
going to try and limit and be efficient with government 
regulation, how do we try to crack down on these illicit uses 
of something like Tether? And what is your perspective? I am 
not trying to say that you should be held accountable. I am 
just trying to figure out how would you suggest, whether it is 
Commerce or Congress, how do we approach that?
    Mr. Lutnick. So we only know that illicit activity is done 
on the blockchain because it is done on the blockchain, 
meaning, when these same illicit characters use dollars or 
euros, we do not know about it. You remember when we went into 
Iraq, we found pallets of $100 bills. So the way to do it is to 
require that anyone that who is a U.S.-backed stablecoin must 
onboard U.S. law enforcement, and must allow U.S. law 
enforcement and our AI tools into their models so that we can 
go find and catch the illicit activity.
    Because remember, it is a central book. That means it can 
be found. It can be traced. Our AI tools will rip illicit 
activity out of stablecoins within a year or two. Our 
technology on their blockchain will end it, and that is what we 
should require. Makes perfect sense.
    Senator Hickenlooper. And so, you will collaborate, work 
with us in terms of creating that kind of legislation and rule 
in law?
    Mr. Lutnick. Absolutely.
    Senator Hickenlooper. Right. I think one of the arguments 
also, and we do not have to go into this, but is to open a bank 
account, people have to know who you are to sign up, and to 
receive and trade Tether, there is really no easy way to know 
who people are in that context. At the beginning. Eventually 
you know.
    Mr. Lutnick. Well, Tether only--the stablecoin issuers only 
issue to KYC-approved people. But what happens is, it is like 
dollars, I can withdraw it out of the bank, but when I buy 
something, it goes on and on, and on, and on. So it is really 
the secondary market that is, you know, people are just using 
an electronic dollar in the same way they use a real dollar. 
And it is much easier to catch an electronic dollar than it 
ever would be to catch a physical dollar. Much better.
    Senator Hickenlooper. Got it. Got it. I will not go through 
the tech hubs thing because I know that Senator Curtis was 
adamant that they had, perhaps, the best hub in the Mountain 
West. I just want to point out that Elevate Quantum, which 
includes several Rocky Mountain states, is a tech hub that we 
want to make sure that you come out. Don't just visit Utah. It 
is a lovely place. Skiing is not quite the same as Colorado's, 
but we want to make sure you get you, when you are coming out 
West, we want you to make multiple stops.
    I have done a lot of work on critical minerals. Obviously 
they are a fundamental building block for aerospace and clean 
energy, semiconductors, AI, go down the list. And whether you 
are talking about the extraction of minerals or the processing 
of those minerals, we are falling way behind. And the 
Department's International Trade Administration has a 
responsibility for growing our exports, overseeing trade, and 
really, I think, helping to secure supply chains, essential 
supply chains for these critical minerals. How would you work 
to ensure that we have sufficient sourcing and processing 
capabilities in this country?
    Mr. Lutnick. We have got to reduce the regulatory burdens 
on your miners so that they can mine those critical materials 
for America. We need to bring domestic mining back. We cannot 
stop mining in America and buying it overseas. It is not 
healthy for us from a national security perspective, and it is 
not healthy for your domestic economy. So, I think we are 
supposed to be mining in Colorado. It is an amazing place that 
has got incredible resources, and we need to bring those 
resources for the use of America and improve the economy of 
Colorado, but also improve the national security of America.
    Senator Hickenlooper. Great. And if I could just have 20 
seconds. In terms of that critical--and I agree with you 
completely, and it is also the environmental in other countries 
when they are extracting and processing these minerals, their 
environmental standards are a fraction of what we require in 
this country.
    Mr. Lutnick. Exactly.
    Senator Hickenlooper. Are you in favor, do you see a 
possibility for some sort of a tariff system like what Senator 
Curtis was referring to, based on the environmental 
depredations that come from processing and extracting minerals 
in foreign countries that have those standards and what that 
does to the atmosphere that we all utilize?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think that is a key. It should be a part of 
the study, for sure, is that someone else is mining with coal 
and spewing it into the air. And we are worried about the fact 
that we would do it 100 times better for the atmosphere. But 
instead, we do not do it, we buy it from them. They spew it in 
the air, and then they put it on a tanker and drive it to us 
and pollute all the way across.
    It seems, if you take it as a whole, illogical. We should 
be doing it in Colorado. We should be mining in Nevada. We 
should be mining--all right, we had a great lithium find in 
Arkansas. We have the Iron Range. America is amazing, but we 
are not using our assets to the best that we possibly can, and 
it is time that we do.
    Senator Hickenlooper. OK. So you would support some of 
tariff to actually accelerate that process?
    Mr. Lutnick. Sounds smart.
    Senator Hickenlooper. Great, thank you. I yield the floor.
    The Chairman. Thank you. And Senator Moreno has kindly 
agreed to let Senator Lummis go ahead. So, Senator Lummis.

               STATEMENT OF HON. CYNTHIA LUMMIS, 
                   U.S. SENATOR FROM WYOMING

    Senator Lummis. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Welcome, Mr. 
Lutnick. First of all, I want to thank you for your generosity 
to Haverford College. As you know, my daughter is a graduate of 
Haverford College. You were the Chairman of the Board while she 
was a student there, and your generosity to that school is 
exceptional. I have never seen anything like it, and so I want 
to start there.
    I also want to ask this question in the form of a request, 
and that is that you will not only advise the President of the 
United States about ways we can improve our economic standing, 
our jobs, our manufacturing, but you will inform this committee 
and its members of ways that we can help make that happen.
    Case in point, the semiconductor industry has estimated a 
need for 115,000 additional workers by 2030 to meet the CHIPS 
Act goals. But what is happening is there were mandates for DEI 
within the CHIPS Act that is preventing the CHIPS Act from 
functioning as it was designed.
    There is a company called Taiwan Semiconductor 
Manufacturing Company that is been trying to build 
semiconductor manufacturing in Arizona. But the DEI 
requirements, that are ongoing, that mandate the workforce that 
they must have simply cannot be met. So they have faced 
significant delays in staffing their facility due to a lack of 
specialized workers in the U.S., particularly those from 
underrepresented groups. In addition, the DEI requirements also 
extend beyond workforce composition to include partnerships 
with minority service institutions and diverse suppliers.
    In other words, these companies that we want in this 
country to change the trajectory of the development of 
semiconductors, so we can do it in the United States, cannot do 
it because of the additional requirements, the layers of 
bureaucracy that we placed on them in the very CHIPS Act that 
was designed to help our country move forward.
    Some of these delays have caused that company, as one, to 
go overseas. And they are finding, for example, that in Japan 
they can break ground and complete a facility and begin 
producing way before they can do it in the United States. The 
Japanese government provided clear financial incentives without 
attaching extensive social mandates. And they are also 
exploring expansion in Germany and other countries that have 
fewer regulatory hurdles.
    So my request is this. It is not just DEI. It is 
environmental requirements, it is labor requirements, and so 
many myriad of well-intentioned hurdles that we have placed, 
when we give with one hand incentives to create an industry in 
the United States, to bring back manufacturing the United 
States, and then the other hand takes it away. And I am asking 
you to help us identify where we have created hurdles to our 
own manufacturing advancement, our own ability to excel and 
achieve in using AI, in using chip manufacturing, in using our 
superior force of nature. You were called a force of nature. 
You are a force of nature. I know you; you are a force of 
nature. So many Americans are, and yet we throw these hurdles 
up for ourselves. And I just want to ask you, please, help us 
get out of our own way.
    Mr. Lutnick. Easy for me to commit to.
    Senator Lummis. Thank you. I look forward to supporting 
your nomination. I yield back.
    Mr. Lutnick. Thank you.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Moreno.

               STATEMENT OF HON. BERNIE MORENO, 
                     U.S. SENATOR FROM OHIO

    Senator Moreno. I am over here. There is no more over 
there, nice. Thank you for being here. Question number one, do 
you still want the job?
    [Laughter.]
    Mr. Lutnick. I do.
    Senator Moreno. I can tell you do, actually. I think you 
are in a position where you could literally do anything you 
want in your life. I think if the 23-year-old Howard Lutnick 
was sitting here today, I do not think he could have ever 
imagined it.
    Mr. Lutnick. Could not possibly.
    Senator Moreno. And yet, you are choosing to serve this 
country. And you are making a great sacrifice to do that. For 
some of us, myself, I ran for office, I also divested of all my 
holdings. Not quite as many as yours or as complex as yours, to 
point that out. But to do that is a great sacrifice, and it 
shows how much you really care about this country. So thank you 
for that.
    My question is this, in your career, give us a sense of 
scale of how many deals you have made.
    Mr. Lutnick. Oh, thousands.
    Senator Moreno. And maybe a couple bad ones that you 
learned from, right? You just do not do the bad ones twice.
    Mr. Lutnick. Sadly true.
    Senator Moreno. Right? As long as you do not repeat the 
same mistake, it is all good, right? Imagine a scenario in 
which you are a European car manufacturer, and you ship that 
car into America, completely tariff free. It is a car that is 
extremely expensive, targeted at very wealthy people, but it 
happens to be an electric vehicle. I will give the example of a 
Rolls-Royce Spectre. I am sure you have lots of friends that 
have those. It is a fully electric Rolls-Royce vehicle. Could 
you imagine that the U.S. Government subsidizes that car and 
leases to the tune of $7,500? Is that a good deal?
    Mr. Lutnick. Are you joking?
    Senator Moreno. It is a true story.
    Mr. Lutnick. OK, we have to end that. How about we end that 
now. How about we end that as fast as we possibly can? How 
about they should pay America an extra 7,500 bucks just for 
being that rich. What do you think?
    Senator Moreno. Well, all of our Democrat colleagues voted 
for that bill. The Inflation Reduction Act allows luxury 
European automobiles that aren't even remotely made in America 
to get $7,500 if they are leased.
    Now, imagine a Cadillac with a big, good old American V-8 
engine gets tariffed on the way to Europe, let alone been given 
a subsidy. You consider that to be a good example of terrible 
reciprocity with our allies?
    Mr. Lutnick. Right. That is the example of the failed 
industrial policy of the United States of America. It is a 
failed industrial policy that needs to be changed, and needs to 
be changed now. That is an American-first, that is what America 
First means, exactly what you are pointing out. Help us here 
stop having anyone else treat us so poorly.
    Senator Moreno. And obviously, the car industry is near and 
dear to my heart. The only commitment I ask for you, of course, 
you have to visit Ohio. You know, national champion football 
team, right? Don't ask about our professional sports, please. 
But I will have you come to Ohio and see the largest 
semiconductor manufacturing facility going up in Columbus. I 
think that this is a good example of what you will change in 
the Commerce Department. Because to have a good strategy with 
bad implementation is a terrible deal. And so I look forward to 
having you there to help us get that plant implemented quicker 
and more efficiently. So, would love to have you come to Ohio.
    Mr. Lutnick. Ohio is great, has a great history of 
manufacturing. And we have got to bring that manufacturing back 
to Ohio and to United States of America. It has to come back, 
and I am committed to that.
    Senator Moreno. And one last line of questioning. There 
have been a lot of comments about tariffs raising prices and 
causing inflation. Before doing this, you obviously were deep 
into the financial markets. So during the period of time of 
2017 through the end of President Trump's term, how would you 
describe inflation?
    Mr. Lutnick. It was virtually none.
    Senator Moreno. So, virtually none, historically low. And 
from the moment Joe Biden came in office and started fiscal 
stimulus unlike anything I have ever seen in my lifetime, how 
would you describe inflation?
    Mr. Lutnick. Massively high.
    Senator Moreno. Now, those were not done unilaterally by 
Joe Biden, right? Those bills were not just magically created 
by Joe Biden? They originated here in Congress?
    Mr. Lutnick. They did.
    Senator Moreno. So maybe I would ask that my Democrat 
colleagues sit this one out when they are talking about what is 
going to happen with inflation over the next four years. And 
with that, I will yield my time back.
    The Chairman. Thank you, Senator Moreno. And I will say, I 
appreciate Senator Moreno's very kind offer to provide those 
Rolls-Royces to all the members of this committee. And we will 
happily go to Ohio to pick them up.
    All right, we are going to do another round. I think there 
are just a couple of us that are going to have some more 
questions, and so hopefully you will be out of here very soon.
    But let me start with this. In August of last year, I wrote 
to NOAA asking for information about its promotion of faux 
educational materials designed to fuel climate alarmism and 
manufacture support for left-wing goals. For instance, NOAA 
pushed a, quote, ``Climate Emotions Wheel,'' activity based on 
the work of a Finnish ecotheologian, whatever the hell that is, 
which encouraged students to, quote, ``navigate their emotions 
before and after engaging in climate action.''
    As the curriculum funded by NOAA openly states, quote, 
``The goal is not to eliminate negative emotions because,'' 
quote, ``those who experience negative emotions about climate 
change are more likely to engage in climate action.'' Seems 
that one goal of the NOAA curriculum is to generate feelings of 
fear and anxiety rather than to educate.
    I asked for the documents behind this, and NOAA refused to 
provide them. Mr. Lutnick, if you are confirmed, will you 
commit to providing the documents that I requested from NOAA?
    Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
    The Chairman. Thank you. All right, let's turn to 
artificial intelligence. NIST is the non-regulatory Federal 
agency and the lead national laboratory for providing the 
measurements and standards that underpin U.S. commerce. Success 
in the increasingly fierce competition for global leadership in 
critical emerging technology like AI relies in part on how well 
each country's respective firms and experts influence the 
development of technical standards.
    Unfortunately, under the Biden Administration, NIST's 
mission was undermined by the creation of the AI Safety 
Institute, which politicized AI standards. The AI Safety 
Institute took the worst lessons from the EU tech regulation, 
like requiring climate change assessments and, quote, 
``misinformation as part of,'' quote, ``measuring AI and its 
risks.''
    When you are confirmed, will you return NIST's focus to the 
scientific mission of measurement science and ensure that 
NIST's AI standard guidance is based on scientific technical 
standards and not simply a Trojan horse for social policy or 
importing the EU's tech agenda?
    Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
    The Chairman. All right, let's turn to BEAD. You have had a 
lot of questions about BEAD. After nearly 4 years, the Biden 
administration did not connect a single American through the 
$42 billion BEAD program. Instead, it hoarded nearly $1 billion 
in administrative funding to impose unnecessary burdens on 
states and to push extreme left-wing social policies, like 
climate change and rate regulation, and fund otter ponds at the 
D.C. Zoo. Again, otter ponds is what their broadband funding 
went to.
    When I flagged these failures over a year ago, the 
Department ignored solutions to expedite access and to end 
BEAD's extreme bias against wireless and satellite technology. 
This red tape has not only stalled the development of the 
program, it has inflated the cost of expanding Internet access.
    Will you commit to working with my office to conduct a 
thorough review of this program and to refocus it on Congress' 
core objective of deploying high-speed Internet to unserved 
area in a tech-neutral matter and not to pursuing extraneous or 
partisan social goals?
    Mr. Lutnick. Yes, I would be happy to.
    The Chairman. And finally, Congress created the Tech Hubs 
Program under the CHIPS and Sciences Act, the target areas that 
will advance technological innovation that allow us to compete 
globally. Unsurprisingly, under the Biden administration, the 
Tech Hubs Program became just another piggy bank for low-
performing blue states.
    For instance, the first round of funding went toward, 
quote, ``sustainable climate-ready infrastructure'' and, quote, 
``clean energy supply chain Tech Hubs.'' Six days before 
leaving office, the Biden administration pulled out an 
industrial-sized shovel and was shoveling as much money out the 
door as they could, including announcing nearly $210 million in 
additional awards, six days before they left.
    Once again, Texas received zero, nada, even though it has a 
designated semiconductor hub and a booming tech industry. Will 
you commit to reviewing the Tech Hubs Program and restoring 
competitive, merit-based review processes across the Department 
rather than political cronyism?
    Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Cantwell. Senator 
Klobuchar.
    Senator Klobuchar. Thank you very much. Thank you, Mr. 
Chair. Thank you, Senator Cantwell. While we were sitting here, 
actually, it appears that Mr. Vaeth, the unknown bureaucrat to 
me in the Office of Management and Budget, has withdrawn the 
memo, the two-page memo for the freeze. So that will hopefully 
open up the ability for you, if you are confirmed, to 
distribute this funding.
    I do want to just follow up in a different way on the 
questions that Senator Lujan was asking. If a court finds that 
the President or someone does something illegal, will you 
respect that court's order?
    Mr. Lutnick. Of course.
    Senator Klobuchar. OK, thank you. So when we were in 
office, I had deferred to Senator Cantwell on some of the 
conflicts issues, and I appreciated some of them that she 
raised. But since that time, I am particularly interested in 
Scandinavia because of my state. We have a lot of connections 
there and going way back to Walter Mondale and we have had 
Ambassadors to Scandinavia, and I have actually personally been 
to Greenland. So maybe more than some of the other Senators, I 
have been very much interested for a number of years in former 
and now current President Trump's focus on Greenland. And I 
know that Cantor Fitzgerald had an interest, major interest, 
would that be a fair way to say it----
    Mr. Lutnick. No.
    Senator Klobuchar. No?
    Mr. Lutnick. No.
    Senator Klobuchar. I am just reading this in The New York 
Times so maybe they are wrong.
    Mr. Lutnick. Oh, sorry.
    Senator Klobuchar. I know you have divested. OK, I start 
with that. But so explain to me the Cantor Fitzgerald-Greenland 
connection?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think Cantor Fitzgerald took a mining 
company public and in lieu of its fees, it took some shares. 
But minor, teeny from the view of Cantor Fitzgerald writ large 
would be the way to think about it. I think I was informed 
that. Meanwhile, I did not know we had it until yesterday, by 
the way, I did not know, but I was informed that it was just in 
lieu of fees, they took some shares.
    Senator Klobuchar. And now you have divested yourself, but 
your family has an interest in it, which I assume is okay under 
the ethic laws, not in the assets. What is that transfer?
    Mr. Lutnick. The right answer is I plan to divest upon my 
confirmation and I will have sold everything and I will have no 
business assets and no business interest and I will have no 
conflict as agreed with the Office of Government Ethics.
    Senator Klobuchar. OK. But one thing, so that is that 
scene. But then we have the fact that the President has been 
pressuring Denmark to sell Greenland to the U.S. That is 
correct, right?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think he has had such conversations. I think 
that is right.
    Senator Klobuchar. And the Prime Minister, I just see them 
as such a key ally, the Scandinavian countries, for many 
reasons. But the Prime Minister said, ``No, Greenland's not for 
sale.'' Right?
    Mr. Lutnick. I did not speak to the Prime Minister.
    Senator Klobuchar. OK. And have you discussed mining in 
Greenland with the President?
    Mr. Lutnick. Absolutely not.
    Senator Klobuchar. OK. And would you see that the interest 
for whatever interest Cantor Fitzgerald has in mining or other 
companies have that if America bought Greenland or somehow 
obtained Greenland, that that would be more favorable to those 
terms of the mining?
    Mr. Lutnick. I doubt it, but I would not have the foggiest 
idea. It would be irrelevant. It has to be irrelevant.
    Senator Klobuchar. OK. I think it is relevant when you have 
a President----
    Mr. Lutnick. No, no, no.
    Senator Klobuchar.--trying to expand into another country 
like of our allies and trying to pressure them.
    Mr. Lutnick. That is not what I said.
    Senator Klobuchar. I think it is relevant to our commerce, 
to our national security and the likes.
    Mr. Lutnick. Well, I am sorry. That is not what I meant. I 
meant the economics of it are irrelevant to Cantor. I was not 
talking at all about this. Sorry, I did not mean that even the 
slightest.
    Senator Klobuchar. OK, I will follow up on some of this in 
writing. Just the last two questions. Senator Moran raised 
travel and tourism. He and I lead that caucus together. And 
Senator Blunt and I worked to create this Brand USA, which 
allows our American companies--it is paid for not by government 
money. It is paid for by private money, leveraged, hotels and 
the like, leveraged with visa fees that foreign visitors pay 
when they come, and we have used that to promote our Nation as 
a whole for tourism. We have seen some really positive results 
because before that maybe Vegas or New York City would do it, 
but not the rest of the country. And I just hope that you will 
work to strengthen programs like Brand USA and other tourism 
work that we do, as Jerry mentioned, Senator Moran mentioned 
with the Olympics coming and the like.
    Mr. Lutnick. I will.
    Senator Klobuchar. OK, thank you. Last thing, human 
trafficking. This is a big priority of mine and several people 
on this committee. Under the last administration, the 
Department of Commerce collaborated with other Federal 
agencies, community partners, advocates, and individuals to 
raise awareness. If confirmed, what will you do to fight human 
trafficking in our supply chains and economy?
    Mr. Lutnick. Everything I possibly can.
    Senator Klobuchar. OK, thank you. One last thing. National 
Weather Service, part of NOAA. Will you work to maintain the 
National Weather Service? Very key in my state.
    Mr. Lutnick. I will. I think we can deliver the product 
more efficiently and less expensively, dramatically less 
expensively, but the outcome of delivering those services 
should not be changed.
    Senator Klobuchar. Thank you.
    Senator Cantwell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. We are going 
fast now because I think we have a vote. Mr. Lutnick, I just 
want to clarify a couple of things that have come through the 
dais here as members have asked questions, and as Senator 
Klobuchar just said, the OMB memo that has raised such hackles 
and is confronting you and many of the other nominees has now 
been withdrawn. So that is good news.
    But in these conversations, one thing you said, and this is 
making a point, it is not about specificity, because I am not 
sure--when you are in these situations, you never know what the 
heck you say in the context, you said you wanted to bring drone 
manufacturing back to the United States. Now, in this 
particular case, the State of Washington has had a lot of 
startups in the drone area and they have grown into bigger 
companies and they have been acquired by Boeing. So it is a 
really great example of exactly what we are trying to do. It is 
a really great example of your quote, ``unleash American 
ingenuity,'' which I wholeheartedly agree with.
    So when you come to this probably lesser known aspect or 
lesser understood aspect of CHIPS and Science, really, it 
started as the third bill that this committee has passed over 
decades under the auspices of a moniker, ``America competes.'' 
And so the concept is, what do we need to do? And as a 
technology age and an R&D age where universities were 
publishing and everybody was reading our publishings, we were 
not patenting enough and we were not translating science fast 
enough for America's competitiveness.
    And so the other aspect of CHIPS and Science is the tech 
hubs, as my colleagues have brought up, several people have 
brought these up. And so we just want to get clarity on your 
opinion about that kind of activity. Forget for a second the 
individual ones. I can make a very big case for why, in 
aerospace, one of our largest exports, if we do not climb the 
next hill on material science and win that race, it is going to 
be very bad for the United States. So you do want to test bed 
large-scale R&D that does not get done by the private sector 
because it cannot. It just cannot. It cannot scale at that 
level.
    So when you talked about the efforts of semiconductors, you 
said, ``Yes, I support getting the money out the door.'' And so 
now on the tech hubs, we are trying to understand, do you 
believe in this translational science effort that is about 
trying to--in fact, I will never forget Raimondo coming to 
Seattle and they said, ``Tell us where you are going and we 
will follow.'' And we looked at each other, like what are they 
talking about? Tell us where you are going. And the people in 
Seattle said it is too expensive to do all the innovation that 
we need to do in America, in Seattle, in Silicon Valley, and 
other places. So the point is, we got to spread it out. We have 
to go get places to do this kind of work.
    So I just want to understand, do you believe in that? Do 
you believe in us funding that kind of R&D test bed scaling of 
important manufacturing competitiveness issues?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think American ingenuity exists strongly 
across the country, and we should find it and we should harness 
it and we should unleash it. And that means working in each 
state and really trying to find the best and the brightest. And 
I think if the tech hubs can bring that out and they can come 
together and show the government, the Federal Government, that 
they can do it, then I think it is very worthwhile.
    Senator Cantwell. So you will be an advocate for those 
things and you will not try to withhold the funds that have 
already been allocated?
    Mr. Lutnick. I would not.
    Senator Cantwell. OK. My colleague asked about the AI 
Safety Institute. Will you work with myself and Senator Young 
and Senator Cruz on an AI Safety Institute that we can get over 
the goal line that people feel good about?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think we talked about AI standards, which 
are fundamental, and I would be delighted to work with your 
office to try to come up with a model and method for the 
foundation of American AI standards that drive it out. And that 
is why I think it is standards, not safety. They may end up 
with the exact same concept, but I am a proponent of standards.
    Senator Cantwell. Well, you will have a big standards job 
in the fact that you have NIST. The notion here is that you are 
trying to get commonality. I certainly agree with Senator Cruz. 
America should not be pegging its horse to what happens in 
Europe. In fact, I think a better approach is for us to have 
our--that is why I want a privacy law. I do not want to create 
a bureaucracy. I want a strong bright line on the books.
    So in this case, what we need for the industry to grow is 
for NIST and Commerce to do its job. And so I am glad that you 
will work with all of us to do that because that is critically 
important.
    OK. The hearing was a few minutes old and a headline popped 
up. ``Lutnick Eager to Tap Pentagon Spectrum for Commercial 
Use.'' Is that good with you, or do you want to refine that? Do 
you want to refine that?
    Mr. Lutnick. Was I here?
    Senator Cantwell. Yes.
    Mr. Lutnick. That is what I said?
    Senator Cantwell. Yes, apparently. Yep.
    Mr. Lutnick. OK.
    Senator Cantwell. So is that accurate? Is that accurate? I 
guess let's just say that. Is that accurate?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think what would be the best way to say it 
would be working closely with the Department of Defense to make 
sure we protect our national security. If we can find spectrum 
that we can use to enhance the United States of America, 
generational spectrum is important. Let's work together. Let's 
unleash the spectrum if we can. We have got to protect the 
defense industry, but we cannot just sleep through it. We have 
got to make sure we use that spectrum to the best it can be for 
America.
    Senator Cantwell. And I think what happened is that the 
Department, NTIA, under the Secretary of Commerce, led a big 
DoD discussion and tried to get people commonality around 
dynamic spectrum sharing. And I think it holds a lot of 
promise. But yes, we all have to cooperate. And then I think 
there are some who just say, just turn it all over. And I think 
our colleagues are split on this.
    And so I want a resolution. I did not coin this, but 
collaboration is the next phase of innovation. OK. It is a TED 
Talk done by somebody that I respected. And the point is, not 
this Ted, another TED, but you could give your own TED Talk--
the TED Talk, and this is years ago, this is years ago, in an 
information age, you have a lot of information, but if you do 
not get around a table and agree, you cannot get it 
implemented.
    And so that is where the United States needs to go. We need 
to collaborate on what we agree should move forward on the 
innovation. So I hope that on this point where so much is at 
stake with 5G and 6G in deployment, look, manufacturing is 
growing in my state, and I am telling you, CHIPS and Science is 
part of it. And we did not get billions like some other states. 
But manufacturing. Why? Because AI is meeting manufacturing 
and, in my state, cheap electricity. So we want this 
renaissance of manufacturing in the United States of America. I 
disagree with my colleague from Ohio because we worked on this, 
and I can tell you that, that investment is what is helping us. 
CHIPS and Science is what is helping us grow the manufacturing 
base.
    So anyway, I hope that you will work with us to create that 
level of collaboration around facts and information so that we 
can keep moving forward on this.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Markey.
    Senator Markey. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I want to come 
back to broadband. In the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, 
Congress invested $40 billion to ensure all Americans benefit 
from the digital revolution. And the vast majority of that 
money will go toward ensuring that all Americans, inner-city 
and rural, have access to high-speed broadband. But will you 
faithfully execute the dispensing of that $40 billion, Mr. 
Lutnick?
    Mr. Lutnick. I have said the goals are right. I will try to 
get you the benefit of the bargain. Yes, I will do it as 
efficiently and as effectively as we can.
    Senator Markey. I appreciate it. And I am going to repeat 
again, the bargain was one between Democrats and Republicans on 
this committee. Republicans largely wanted it to go to rural 
America. We largely wanted it to go to urban America. That is a 
bargain. It is not separable. It is a law.
    Mr. Lutnick. Oh, I agree.
    Senator Markey. OK.
    Mr. Lutnick. I said yes, I am just going to try to do it 
efficiently and effectively.
    Senator Markey. We just need it to be faithfully executed, 
given the OMB designee saying that he wants to protect against 
Marxism in our country in the budget. And I know he is dead 
serious and we are dead serious about our bargains as well. But 
that $40 billion is important to ensure access for everyone. 
But such access has limited value if Americans do not have the 
skills or the knowledge to participate in that online world. So 
fortunately, Congress thought ahead and also provided $3 
billion across three programs for precisely that type of 
education for all Americans to take advantage of broadband.
    Will you faithfully execute and implement those programs, 
Mr. Lutnick?
    Mr. Lutnick. What you have appropriated efficiently and 
effectively, I will.
    Senator Markey. Yes, it is the bargain. It is the bargain 
between the haves and those who want to get a piece of the 
action too. But you got to educate. That is your job to execute 
that.
    On the CHIPS Act, over the past several years, the Commerce 
Department has worked quickly to issue grants under this 
program. Mr. Lutnick, will you commit to honor the CHIPS grant 
contracts that have been finalized?
    Mr. Lutnick. I would have to read them and analyze them and 
understand them to commit to that.
    Senator Markey. Well, they are finalized, the bargain was 
here, us providing the money, and then the bargain was the 
contract that got signed.
    Mr. Lutnick. Well, how do you know the contract that was 
signed was the bargain? I do not know that. So I cannot--I just 
cannot testify to it.
    Senator Markey. I am only talking about the contracts that 
have been finalized. That is the only contracts I am talking 
about now. Will you honor them?
    Mr. Lutnick. I cannot say that I can honor something I have 
not read. I will read it and I can happily sit with you after I 
have read it and discuss it with you.
    Senator Markey. Well, again, it is just honoring contracts 
that have been made, and that is the bargain. I wish that you 
could give us more certainty on that because the companies made 
a variety of commitments in their community impact reports. As 
you pay out CHIPS Act awards, will you commit to enforcing the 
commitments that these community impact reports require?
    Mr. Lutnick. Sure. I will, to the extent monies have been 
disbursed, I will commit to rigorously enforcing the documents 
that have been signed by those companies to make sure we get 
the benefit of the bargain. If they have agreed to do things, I 
will rigorously enforce that.
    Senator Markey. That is the bargain, again. These 
commitments were made as part of final grant contracts. So it 
is unacceptable for then the government to come back and to 
simply ignore the terms of those agreements because it was a 
bargain, and they have to get the benefit of that contract, 
which they signed. And I am going to be very much looking 
forward to seeing how you implement that.
    And I will let you turn to just one final subject here, 
artificial intelligence. AI has infiltrated every sector of our 
economy. We talked about this in my office--housing, 
healthcare, employment, the criminal justice system, social 
media, the list goes on and on and on and on. It is going to be 
our society. And while AI innovation is important and we do 
want to use it to potentially find a cure for cancer and other 
diseases, that would be great.
    But we also have to make sure that the AI age does not 
supercharge preexisting bias and discrimination in our society 
using super algorithms to look at people in our society and 
then make it easier to discriminate against them. And earlier 
this year, you seemed to suggest that efforts to address 
discriminatory algorithms was, quote, ``nonsense.''
    So I would like to just have you expand a little bit. Is 
that accurate? Is that your view, that as we move forward to 
ensure that AI algorithms do not allow for greater 
discrimination on our society, that that is not nonsense to 
have that as our goal?
    Mr. Lutnick. I think AI standards set by America are 
fundamental, and we should set fundamental standards trying to 
be, as I said, we were incredibly successful with the Internet 
and our standards and that created the greatness that is 
America and American technology. We are great the way we set 
standards in cyber. We have done a great job. It is the gold 
standard of the world. And I would like us to pursue at 
Commerce standards in AI that are like those two, which set the 
standard for the world.
    Senator Markey. And I appreciate that. As the author of the 
three bills in the 1990s that moved America from narrow band to 
broadband, I understand that. I am the author of the laws that 
moved us to this broadband world that we are in. But my 
question is to you, there is a sinister side to cyberspace too, 
a negative side, a dangerous side. Will you commit to working 
to prevent and mitigate discriminatory AI-powered algorithms 
proliferating in our country?
    Mr. Lutnick. It makes sense.
    Senator Markey. OK. Well, I look forward to working with 
you on that because I just think right now we hear too much 
hype from the geniuses about all the good it is going to do. 
But simultaneously, there is another side of all this. And if 
you are somebody who has been discriminated against in the 
past, it is very likely the algorithms will be deployed to hurt 
them. And we are going to need to work with the Department of 
Commerce, to put real protections in place, not voluntary, 
because we already see the Chinese are figuring out how to come 
in without paying the price that our Silicon Valley geniuses 
have. And we got to make sure that across the board, all of 
these companies, all of these algorithms meet the highest 
standards for protection against discrimination.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for your indulgence.
    Senator Cantwell. Mr. Chairman, if I could just enter for 
the record and correct that a lot of discussion about BEAD, 
that IIJA funding has connected 100,000 plus locations and 
built hundreds of miles within miles. So the notion that nobody 
has gotten connected is just not correct. Thank you.
    The Chairman. Thank you, Senator Cantwell. I will note that 
it may be possible there are other programs that have connected 
people, but the $40 billion BEAD program has connected zero 
homes and locations.
    I will also note for the record that you just had an 
exchange with Senator Markey about the CHIPS and Sciences 
Program. The Biden administration ignored the text of the law 
and grafted onto it a host of left-wing social objectives, 
including mandates to open day cares, including the Green New 
Deal, including every policy agenda they had that was not in 
the law.
    And the idea that the Commerce Committee is somehow bound 
to follow the Biden administration's left-wing agenda that they 
could not get the votes for in the U.S. Congress is absurd, and 
just for the record, in my view, your obligation is to follow 
the law, not their extralegal policy addenda that were stuck 
onto those contracts.
    Senator Markey. I think if the Chairman would yield, all I 
am asking for is compliance with what was already signed.
    The Chairman. The fact that the prior administration caused 
people to sign things that were not reflected in the law, there 
is no reason at all that they should be held extralegal 
commitments that I recognize are policy objectives of 
Democrats, but you did not have the votes to enact them into 
law. It was not an accident that they were not in the law, and 
it was purely disregarding the law that the Biden 
administration forced them onto it. And so fidelity to the law 
would be returning to the actual statute that was enacted the 
law, not the policy preferences of the prior President.
    Senator Markey. If the Chairman would yield, these were 
arm's length negotiations between the agencies.
    The Chairman. There is nothing arm's length when one side 
has $60 billion and the other side is trying to get it. It is 
not arm's length. I understand that they can do a highway 
robbery, but that is not an arm's length negotiation. Yes, they 
want the money.
    Senator Markey. No one has to sign anything. If people 
decide they want to sign, they are bound. That is the law.
    The Chairman. OK. They are not bound by extra legal 
agreements, and I feel confident the Administration is going to 
follow actual Federal law and not the policy preferences of the 
previous administration.
    All right. We have an open vote that we are about to miss, 
so let's not miss this vote on the Senate floor.
    Senator Cantwell. Mr. Chairman, I would just say we are all 
in agreement, the United States needs to bring manufacturing 
back to the United States and move ahead. Yes, please close 
this out. Thank you.
    [Applause.]
    The Chairman. All right, Mr. Lutnick. My final question is 
required of all nominees. If confirmed, do you pledge to work 
collaboratively with this committee to provide thorough and 
timely responses to the Committee's request and to appear 
before the Committee when requested?
    Mr. Lutnick. I do.
    The Chairman. Thank you. I also have here 30 letters of 
support from various organizations for Mr. Lutnick's nomination 
to be Secretary of Commerce. I ask unanimous consent for the 30 
letters to be inserted in the hearing record. Without 
objection, so ordered.
    [The information referred to follows:]

                        American Forest & Paper Association
                                                    January 2, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz, Chairman,
Hon. Maria Cantwell, Ranking Member,
U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

    On behalf of the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA), I am 
writing in support of President Trump's nomination of Howard Lutnick to 
serve as the Secretary of Commerce.
    AF&PA serves to advance U.S. paper and wood products manufacturers 
through fact-based public policy and marketplace advocacy. The forest 
products industry accounts for approximately 5 percent of the total 
U.S. manufacturing GDP, manufactures about $350 billion in essential 
products annually and employs about 925,000 people. The industry meets 
a payroll of about $65 billion annually and over 75 percent of our 
facilities are located in counties that are over 80 percent rural. The 
forest products industry is circular by nature. AF&PA member companies 
make essential products from renewable and recyclable resources, 
generate renewable bioenergy and are committed to continuous 
improvement through the industry's sustainability initiative--Better 
Practices, Better Planet 2030: Sustainable Products for a Sustainable 
Future.
    U.S. forest products exports account for a significant piece of the 
industry's total sales and in 2023, the industry's global exports 
totaled over $9 billion. AF&PA strongly supports free but fair trade 
and in today's globalized market, it is critical for the U.S. forest 
products manufacturing sector to achieve unrestricted access to 
international markets and level the playing field among international 
competitors by eliminating both tariff and non-tariff barriers such as 
restrictive import regulations.
    In 2023, the European Union (EU) enacted the EU Deforestation-free 
Regulation (EUDR), a regulation that aims at eliminating products sold 
in the EU that are linked to deforestation, is unworkable and 
disadvantages the U.S. forest products industry, small U.S. family 
forest owners, and threatens to disrupt trade with the EU valued at 
more than $3.5 billion. The U.S. forest products industry is among the 
most responsible suppliers of forest fiber in the world, and a strong 
proponent of international efforts to suppress deforestation and forest 
degradation. The prescriptive requirements of the regulation, however, 
will unjustifiably increase compliance costs and weaken U.S. producers' 
market access to established EU trading partners.
    We believe Mr. Lutnick is eminently qualified for this important 
role and will execute President Trump's trade agenda in a thoughtful, 
impactful manner with a focus on ensuring American manufacturers have 
access to global markets. Mr. Lutnick's extensive experience as the 
Chairman and CEO at Cantor Fitzgerald and BGC Group will prove 
beneficial to the country when it comes to negotiating new trade 
agreements and improving upon those already in place, as well as 
pushing back against non-tariff trade barriers such as the EUDR.
    Based on our knowledge of Mr. Lutnick and his background, we 
believe his expertise, experience and professionalism make him an ideal 
candidate for this important position.
            Kind Regards,
                                               Heidi Brock,
                             President and Chief Executive Officer.
                                 ______
                                 
                                                       Deel
                                                   January 21, 2025
Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chairman, Senate Commerce Committee,
United States Senate,
Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member, Senate Commerce Committee,
United States Senate,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

    Deel supports the nomination of Mr. Howard Lutnick as U.S. 
Secretary of Commerce and recognizes the significant contributions of 
outgoing Secretary Gina Raimondo.
    Deel is a global payroll and HR platform operating in over 150 
countries, partnering with businesses of all sizes to simplify the 
complexities of global hiring, payroll, and compliance. The Department 
of Commerce's leadership is critical in helping businesses navigate a 
rapidly evolving global economy and fostering economic opportunities 
for employers and workers alike.
    Mr. Lutnick's extensive leadership experience and deep 
understanding of market dynamics make him exceptionally well-suited to 
lead the Department at this pivotal time. His expertise will be 
invaluable in advancing policies that drive innovation, create jobs, 
and enhance American competitiveness on the global stage.
    Under Secretary Raimondo's leadership, the Department of Commerce 
played a vital role in fostering innovation and expanding global trade. 
Building on that progress will be essential for continued economic 
growth. Deel looks forward to collaborating with the Department under 
Mr. Lutnick's leadership, leveraging the strong foundation laid by 
Secretary Raimondo.
    Please consider Deel a resource and strategic partner in boosting 
trade, investment, and U.S. competitiveness. Thank you for the 
opportunity to provide input on this important nomination.
                                               Nick Catino,
                                             Global Head of Policy,
                                                                  Deel.
About Deel
    Deel is the all-in-one HR and payroll platform for global teams. It 
helps companies simplify every aspect of managing a workforce, from 
onboarding, compliance, and performance management to global payroll, 
HRIS, and immigration support. Deel works for full-time employees and 
independent contractors in more than 150 countries, compliantly. And 
getting set up takes just a few minutes. For more information, visit 
deel.com.
                                 ______
                                 
                                   NATE: The Communications
                     Infrastructure Contractors Association
                                    Watertown, SD, January 22, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
United States Senate,
Washington, DC.

Dear Senator Cruz:

    NATE: The Communications Infrastructure Contractors Association 
fully supports the nomination of Howard Lutnick to serve as the next 
Secretary of Commerce. Mr. Lutnick brings a wealth of experience as a 
business leader and understands the challenges of main street 
enterprises. Considering the Commerce Department's role in closing the 
digital divide, our organization believes his experience and expertise 
is perfectly suited for this significant role to unleash next 
generation connectivity across the U.S. and enable American 
entrepreneurs to keep our Nation the best place for business.
    NATE is a non-profit trade association dedicated to providing a 
unified voice for companies in the diverse tower, broadband, and 
communications infrastructure industries. Today, the Association boasts 
approximately 1,000 member companies (mostly small businesses) that 
construct, service or maintain hundreds of thousands of communications 
towers and next generation networks throughout the United States. The 
NATE community is made up of the small businesses working on the front 
lines of broadband deployment and we look forward to working with the 
next administration on shared policies that serve to enable 
connectivity for everyone.
            Sincerely,
                                           Todd Schlekeway,
                                                 President and CEO,
                                                                  NATE.
                                 ______
                                 
                                                     SpaceX
                                  Brownsville, TX, January 24, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chair, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
United States Senate,
Washington, DC.
  
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
United States Senate,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

    On behalf of SpaceX, the leading launch services and space 
technology provider in the world, I write to express our strong support 
for Howard Lutnick and encourage his swift confirmation to be 
Secretary of Commerce. Over the course of his more than 40 year career, 
Mr. Lutnick has demonstrated a commitment to innovation, job creation, 
and leadership that will well serve the United States. In addition to 
its mission to create the conditions for economic growth and 
opportunity, the Department of Commerce plays an important role in 
space policy, space services, space sciences, spectrum coordination, 
and broadband through the Ofice of Space Commerce (OSC) and the 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the 
National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). Mr. 
Lutnick is exceptionally qualified for this position.
    SpaceX is pleased to add our support to the chorus of individuals, 
companies, and other organizations who have already voiced their 
support for Mr. Lutnick.
            Sincerely,
                                                  Mat Dunn,
                                  Senior Director, Global Business 
                                             and Government Afairs.
                                 ______
                                 
         ACA Connects--America's Communications Association
                                       Beaver, PA, January 24, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chair, Senate Commerce, Science,
and Transportation Committee,
Washington, DC.

Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member, Senate Commerce, Science,
and Transportation Committee,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chair Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

    I write in support of Howard Lutnick's nomination to be U.S. 
Secretary of Commerce. ACA Connects and our Membership believes he is a 
strong choice to lead the Department of Commerce.
    ACA Connects--America's Communications Association proudly 
represents more than 500 smaller and medium-sized, independent 
companies that provide broadband, video, and phone services. Our 
Members, which operate in every state, cover nearly 32 million 
households, 7.3 million of which are located in rural and smaller 
suburban markets across America. They are at the forefront of 
connecting homes, companies, main street, schools, hospitals, and more. 
Their work to increase access to high-speed Internet and close the 
digital divide touches every part of the economy and in every corner of 
America.
    The Secretary of Commerce plays a key role in promoting American 
innovation and securing our global competitive edge. Not only do we 
believe Mr. Lutnick is extremely qualified for this role, ACA Connects 
shares in this mission. We look forward to working closely with the 
Department of Commerce and the National Telecommunications and 
Information Administration (NTIA) to deploy critical broadband 
infrastructure, help ensure America wins the race against China in 
emerging technologies, and support American jobs and prosperity.
    We thank you for your thoughtful consideration of Mr. Lutnick 
through the nomination process and urge support by the full Committee 
and the Senate.
            Sincerely,
                                          Grant Spellmeyer,
                                                 President and CEO,
                    ACA Connects--America's Communications Association.
                                 ______
                                 
                                          Independent Women
                                                   January 24, 2025
   Independent Women Supports the Confirmation of Howard Lutnick as 
                         Secretary of Commerce
Dear Senators,

    Independent Women, which advances policies that enhance opportunity 
and well-being, fully supports the confirmation of Howard Lutnick to 
serve as Secretary of Commerce. President Trump deserves the team he 
wants so that he can carry out the directive given to him by the 
American people.
    There is no question that Mr. Lutnick is incredibly qualified to 
serve as Secretary of Commerce.
    Mr. Lutnick has extensive experience in the business and tech world 
and understands the ramifications of the Department's actions on 
American businesses and the economy. He also understands that America's 
interests must come first, and that our policies should support that 
goal.
    Independent Women is proud to support the nomination of such a 
qualified nominee to serve as Secretary of Commerce. We urge senators 
to provide Howard Lutnick with a fair and respectful hearing and to 
confirm him as Secretary of Commerce.
            Respectfully,
                                        Heather R. Higgins,
                                                               CEO,
                                             Independent Women's Voice.
                                              Carrie Lukas,
                                                    Vice President,
                                             Independent Women's Voice.
                                 ______
                                 
                American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers
                                    Washington, DC, 27 January 2025

 Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chairman, Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.

    Senator Cruz,

    On behalf of the American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers 
(AFPM), we ask you to schedule a full committee vote as soon as 
possible to confirm Howard Lutnick to be the next Secretary of the U.S. 
Department of Commerce.
    Throughout his distinguished career, Secretary nominee Lutnick has 
demonstrated the ability to navigate complex financial, regulatory, and 
economic challenges. With his deep understanding of business, and his 
focus on creating environments where innovation can thrive, he is the 
ideal candidate to implement policies that benefit America's domestic 
and global economic competitiveness.
    Our members depend on well-crafted policies that drive innovation 
and ensure the global competitiveness of American energy. We are 
confident that Secretary nominee Lutnick's leadership at the Department 
of Commerce will bring a fresh perspective to these critical 
priorities.
    I strongly urge the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation to advance his nomination swiftly, and we offer our full 
support for his appointment.
            Sincerely,
                                             Chet Thompson,
                                                 President and CEO,
                           American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers.
                                 ______
                                 
                               American Petroleum Institute
                                                   January 27, 2025

Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Chairman Ted Cruz,
Washington, DC.

RE: Nomination Hearing for Mr. Howard Lutnick

Chairman Cruz & Members of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, 
            and Transportation:

    It is with great privilege that we issue our support for the 
confirmation of Howard Lutnick as Secretary of the U.S. Department of 
Commerce. The Department of Commerce endeavors to promote economic 
growth and opportunity across our Nation through its 13 bureaus that 
strengthen our Nation through economic competitiveness, domestic 
industry, and quality jobs. The Department of Commerce plays a critical 
role in our economy, and we are confident in Mr. Lutnick's ability to 
lead the agency.
    As CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald and BGC Group, Mr. Lutnick brings 
decades of executive leadership in the financial services and 
investment banking industries to the agency. Mr. Lutnick's experience 
goes beyond the role of a traditional CEO and his character is a 
testament to the American spirit. During the September 11th attacks, 
Cantor Fitzgerald, located in the World Trade Center, sustained the 
largest loss of life among any businesses that day. This loss of life 
included Mr. Lutnick's brother and 70 percent of the firm's total 
employees. Following the attacks, Mr. Lutnick overcame tragedy and 
rebuilt Cantor Fitzgerald into the thriving firm it is today. The 
American Petroleum Institute (API) looks forward to his confirmation 
and welcomes his leadership and character to the Department of 
Commerce.
    API represents all segments of America's oil and natural gas 
industry. Its nearly 600 members produce, process and distribute most 
of the Nation's energy. The industry supports millions of U.S. jobs and 
is backed by a growing grassroots movement of millions of Americans. 
API was formed in 1919 as a standards-setting organization. In our 
first 100 years, API has developed more than 700 standards to enhance 
operational and environmental safety, efficiency and sustainability.
            All the best,
                                              Mike Sommers,
                                                 President and CEO,
                                                                   API.
                                 ______
                                 
                                Commercial Space Federation
                                   Washington, DC, January 27, 2025

Chairman Ted Cruz,
U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.

Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

    On behalf of the Commercial Space Federation (CSF), the leading 
trade association for the commercial space industry, I am writing to 
convey CSF's support for the confirmation of Mr. Howard Lutnick as the 
Secretary of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
    Mr. Lutnick's decades of business experience is critical to 
fulfilling the U.S. Department of Commerce's mission to generate 
economic growth and increase opportunities for the advancement of the 
commercial space industry. CSF is confident that Mr. Lutnick's 
leadership will promote and accelerate the commercial space industry 
through streamlining regulatory requirements, integrating commercial 
services into the Department's operational space missions, including 
space situational awareness, and fully supporting the Department's 
Office of Space Commerce. CSF looks forward to working with Mr. Lutnick 
to bolster the standing of the United States as the global leader in 
commercial space.
    Thank you for your consideration of this letter in support of Mr. 
Howard Lutnick's confirmation as the Secretary of the U.S. Department 
of Commerce.
            Sincerely,
                                              Dave Cavossa,
                                                         President,
                                           Commercial Space Federation.
                                 ______
                                 
                             CTIA--The Wireless Association
                                                   January 27, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chair,
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
United States Senate,
Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member,
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
United States Senate,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

    On behalf of CTIA--The Wireless Association, I am writing to 
express our support for the confirmation of Howard Lutnick as Secretary 
of the U.S. Department of Commerce. Mr. Lutnick's business acumen, 
leadership experience, and commitment to innovation make him an 
outstanding candidate for this important position.
    CTIA represents the U.S. wireless communications industry and the 
companies throughout the mobile ecosystem that enable Americans to lead 
a 21st-century connected life. Our members include wireless carriers, 
device manufacturers, suppliers, and apps and content companies. Given 
the Department of Commerce's vital role in spectrum management, 
technology policy, and economic growth, Mr. Lutnick's appointment is of 
great interest to our industry.
    Mr. Lutnick's impressive career as Chairman and CEO of Cantor 
Fitzgerald demonstrates his ability to navigate complex financial 
markets and drive technological innovation. His experience in 
rebuilding Cantor Fitzgerald after the September 11, 2001 attacks 
showcases his leadership and commitment to both his employees and the 
broader community. These qualities are essential for leading the 
Department of Commerce in today's rapidly evolving economic landscape.
    We believe Mr. Lutnick's expertise in technology and global markets 
will be invaluable in addressing the challenges and opportunities 
facing the U.S. wireless economy. His understanding of emerging 
technologies being powered by 5G next generation services aligns well 
with the department's mission to foster American innovation and 
competitiveness. This knowledge will be crucial in shaping policies 
that support the growth of the wireless industry, particularly in the 
areas of 5G deployment and spectrum management. As China accelerates 
its 5G-led digital transformation and leverages their mid-band spectrum 
to develop industries of the future, Mr. Lutnick's leadership will be 
instrumental in ensuring that the United States remains at the 
forefront of the global spectrum race. His expertise will be vital for 
our country's economic prosperity and national security, as well as in 
developing a sustainable spectrum strategy that promotes innovation and 
economic growth.
    We believe that Mr. Lutnick's leadership will bring a fresh, 
innovative approach to the Department of Commerce, crucial for 
maintaining America's technological edge in an increasingly competitive 
global landscape. We look forward to working with Mr. Lutnick and the 
Department of Commerce to advance policies that promote innovation, 
foster economic growth, and strengthen America's position as a global 
leader in wireless technology and digital transformation. We urge his 
swift confirmation as Secretary of Commerce.
            Sincerely,
                                    Meredith Attwell Baker.
                                 ______
                                 
                            Steel Manufacturers Association
                                   Washington, DC, January 27, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chairman,
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
United States Senate,
Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member,
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
United States Senate,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

    The Secretary of Commerce plays an essential role in ensuring 
America's economic success. President Trump, led by America's steel 
industry during his first administration, took definitive actions to 
help build one of the strongest modern economies while putting American 
workers first. America needs a strong Commerce Secretary that is 
willing to take on unfair global trade practices and support American 
jobs. The Steel Manufacturers Association (SMA) believes that Howard 
Lutnick, with his unquestioned business reputation and expert 
understanding of manufacturing, is an excellent choice to fight for 
manufacturing in America and we offer our strong endorsement for his 
confirmation as Secretary of Commerce.
    China has sought to dominate global trade and supply chains through 
its Belt and Road Initiative. China uses this global infrastructure, 
transportation, trade and production network to depress or eliminate 
competing production globally by dumping unfairly priced and heavily 
subsidized steel products in other markets. American workers and 
industry have borne the brunt of China's increasingly predatory 
economic behavior.
    The Department of Commerce controls one of the most important lines 
of defense for American workers, the anti-dumping and countervailing 
duty (AD/CVD) laws. However, these tools have not been significantly 
updated for almost a decade and must be revised to effectively fight 
back against the Belt and Road Initiative and other market-distorting 
practices. The SMA looks forward to working with Congress and Mr. 
Lutnick to provide the Department of Commerce new tools to address 
China's most dangerous methods of destroying American jobs and 
industries.
    Another powerful tool to put America first are the Section 232 and 
301 tariffs on steel products. Our domestic steel industry has seen a 
resurgence since President Trump first instituted national security-
related tariffs on steel in March 2018. President Trump responded to an 
industry that was suffering from surges of dumped imports by 
instituting tariffs to support manufacturing in America. The tariffs 
achieved their goals. American steel manufacturing rose in response and 
members of the Steel Manufacturers Association responded with billions 
of dollars in investments that created high paying jobs and has made 
our domestic steel industry the envy of the world.
    The SMA is hopeful that Mr. Lutnick will expertly partner with 
President Trump to strengthen his deployment and strategic use of 
tariffs on steel products. China is dumping historically high volumes 
of government-subsidized steel onto the global market because its 
economy has stagnated. China is preparing to dump nearly 100 million 
tons of steel globally, which is more than the United States produces 
annually. This dumping floods the United States and other markets with 
steel below the cost of production. To combat these trade distortions, 
President Trump and the USTR should strengthen and expand existing 
tariffs to support American steel manufacturing and close the loopholes 
and exemptions that have reduced the impact of the tariffs.
    Mr. Lutnick is the ideal pick to implement President Trump's 
landmark economic policy which aims to put America first. We encourage 
the Committee to give bipartisan support to this uniquely qualified 
candidate and look forward to working with Mr. Lutnick again in his new 
role once confirmed.
            Sincerely,
                                            Philip K. Bell,
                                                         President,
                                       Steel Manufacturers Association.
                                 ______
                                 
                      NTCA--The Rural Broadband Association
                                    Arlington, VA, January 27, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chairman,
Senate Committee on Commerce,
Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member,
Senate Committee on Commerce,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

    On behalf of the more than 850 rural, community-based broadband 
providers represented by NTCA--The Rural Broadband Association 
(``NTCA''), I extend our support for the nomination of Howard Lutnick 
to serve as Secretary for the Department of Commerce.
    For decades, NTCA's members have dedicated themselves to a shared 
mission of providing state-of-the-art communications products and 
services to consumers located in some of the most challenging to serve 
rural and insular areas of our Nation. For example, our most recent 
annual survey found that, on average, more than 80 percent of NTCA 
members' customers have access to fiber connectivity and 100 Mbps 
broadband service or better; nearly 61 percent of members' customers on 
average have access to Gigabit downstream speeds. These accomplishments 
are staggering when you factor that the average population density in 
most service areas is less than seven customers per square mile; to put 
this in context, this is roughly the average density for the entire 
state of Montana. There is no question that small-rural Internet 
service providers are a part of the equation as we work to provide 
Americans with affordable, reliable Internet services that withstand 
the test of time.
    As you well know, the National Telecommunications and Information 
Administration (NTIA) within the Commerce Department plays an important 
role in helping to guide and coordinate the policies of the 
administration with respect to telecommunications and broadband issues. 
We believe Mr. Lutnick's experience and background in working with a 
variety of industries and businesses uniquely qualify him as the sort 
of leader who can help administer and navigate efforts to close the 
digital divide in America. Should Mr. Lutnick be confirmed, we would 
look forward to continuing to work with him, the Commerce Department, 
and NTIA to promote and sustain access to affordable and reliable 
broadband for the benefit of every American.
    Thank you for your consideration of our support for Mr. Lutnick. We 
look forward to working together with President Trump's administration 
and Congress to build upon existing efforts, and to leverage them 
wherever possible to extend broadband to those millions of Americans 
still lacking access today.
            Sincerely,
                                        Shirley Bloomfield,
                                           Chief Executive Officer.
                                 ______
                                 
                       USTelecom--The Broadband Association
                                   Washington, DC, January 27, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chairman,
Senate Commerce Committee,
Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member,
Senate Commerce Committee,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

    On behalf of USTelecom--The Broadband Association, I write to 
express our strong support for the nomination of Mr. Howard Lutnick to 
serve as Secretary of Commerce. This appointment represents a critical 
opportunity to advance policies that will strengthen America's position 
as a global leader in connectivity, resilience, and innovation.
    Broadband is the digital backbone of our economy, enabling 
innovation, driving economic growth, and connecting communities. The 
Department of Commerce plays an essential role in ensuring that every 
part of the Nation can benefit from these opportunities through 
broadband deployment, Federal spectrum management, cybersecurity 
preparedness, and fostering cutting-edge technologies.
    The BEAD program represents historic investments in America's 
broadband network infrastructure. USTelecom and our members look 
forward to working with Mr. Lutnick to improve the BEAD Program to 
ensure that more Americans in rural communities are connected to high-
speed broadband. USTelecom stands ready to collaborate with the 
Commerce Department under Mr. Lutnick's leadership to transform this 
historic opportunity into a lasting legacy of connectivity.
    We are encouraged by Mr. Lutnick's dedication to innovative 
leadership and his vision for advancing emerging technologies. 
USTelecom looks forward to working collaboratively with him and the 
Department of Commerce to advance risk-based, harmonized cybersecurity 
policies that enhance the security of critical infrastructure while 
fostering innovation and operational efficiencies for the 
communications sector. We urge the Committee to favorably report Mr. 
Howard Lutnick as Secretary of Commerce and to move his nomination for 
full Senate consideration. Thank you for considering this pivotal 
nomination.
            Sincerely,
                                          Jonathan Spalter,
                             President and Chief Executive Officer.
                                 ______
                                 
                                                    Verizon
                               Washington, DC, Monday, January 27th

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz:

    Verizon writes today to support President Donald J. Trump's 
nomination of Howard Lutnick to be the 41st U.S. Secretary of Commerce. 
We appreciate the Senate Commerce Committee's timely consideration of 
his nomination given the vital role this position holds within the 
Federal government. Mr. Lutnick's deep knowledge and experience in 
finance and business make him uniquely qualified to manage the Commerce 
Department in the new Administration.
    As a U.S.-based company that has invested domestically more than 
$212 billion in private capital from 2017-2024, we look forward to 
collaborating with the Commerce Department on a wide range of 
initiatives and policies, specifically on pro-growth and pro-consumer 
spectrum and broadband policy. Just last week President Trump 
highlighted, in his reestablishment of the President's Council of 
Advisors on Science and Technology, the need for the U.S. to lead again 
in 5G and improved access to spectrum. There's no doubt that the 
Commerce Department, with the NTIA, has a prime opportunity to reassert 
leadership in the efficient management of Federal spectrum resources, 
just as it did under President Trump's first term.
    The robust services and seamless connectivity Verizon delivers 
through its wired and wireless broadband networks can only be made 
possible with strong leadership at the Department of Commerce. We look 
forward to working with you and the new Administration to positively 
position our country as a global leader in digital infrastructure. That 
is why we encourage you and your colleagues in the U.S. Senate to 
confirm Mr. Lutnick's nomination as soon as possible so we can reassert 
U.S. leadership, protect national security, expand economic growth, and 
build stronger digital opportunities for the American public. Thank you 
for your service and continued leadership of the Senate Commerce 
Committee.
            Respectfully,
                                           Robert S Fisher,
                                 SVP, Federal Government Relations 
                                                  & Public Affairs.
                                 ______
                                 
                                 American Chemistry Council
                                   Washington, DC, January 28, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chairman, U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.

Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member, U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

    The American Chemistry Council (ACC) supports the confirmation of 
Howard Lutnick as Secretary of the Department of Commerce 
(``Department''). As President and CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald, Mr. 
Lutnick has a proven track record of success in managing a leading U.S. 
firm with positive impact across our economy. We are confident Mr. 
Lutnick will effectively lead the Department toward fulfilling its 
mission of driving U.S. economic competitiveness and strengthening 
domestic industry.
    The ACC represents more than 190 companies engaged in the business 
of chemistry. We represent the people and companies creating 
groundbreaking products that are improving the world all around us by 
making it healthier, safer, more sustainable and more productive. In 
total, $633 billion is generated annually by the business of chemistry, 
which supports over 25 percent of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product and 
directly touches nearly all manufactured goods.
    We look forward to working with Mr. Lutnick on the CHIPS for 
America program. Over 500 different process chemicals are used to 
manufacture a single semiconductor making our industry a critical part 
of their manufacturing supply chain. We want to ensure the research and 
production of these important semiconductors remains within the United 
States.
    The Committee and Senate should move swiftly to confirm Howard 
Lutnick's nomination and support American innovation through chemistry 
for years to come. It is imperative that American industries continue 
to innovate, create jobs and grow the U.S. economy.
            Sincerely,
                                                 Chis Jahn,
                                                 President and CEO.
                                 ______
                                 
                              American Beverage Association
                                   Washington, DC, January 28, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chaimrnn,
Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
United States Senate,
Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member,
Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
United States Senate,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chaimrnn Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

    I write to share the American Beverage Association's support for 
Howard Lutnik to serve as Secretary of Commerce. Secretary-Designee 
Lutnik's experience as a business leader and his commitment to 
America's entrepreneurial spirit can drive a new chapter of growth for 
American business.
    America's non-alcoholic beverage companies are proud of our role in 
the American economy. We are iconic American companies that make 
American products with American workers in America's hometowns. We 
employ more than 270,000 hard-working Americans in every state in the 
Nation and deliver $247 billion direct economic impact. Our companies, 
distributors and employees are committed to improving the communities 
in which we live and work, contributing $2.5 billion to charitable 
causes annually.
    American competitiveness is essential to our business and requires 
policies that advance a thriving economy, spur innovation in the 
marketplace and enable a prepared workforce. As a successful executive, 
Secretary-Designee Lutnik understands this intimately and his 
nomination presents an opportunity to strengthen American 
competitiveness at home and on the world stage.
    Our industry looks forward to working with the Secretary-designee, 
the Trump Administration and this Committee on policies that grow our 
economy and enable our member companies to continue to innovate and 
thrive.
            Sincerely,
                                            Kevin W. Keane,
                                                 President and CEO.
                                 ______
                                 
                                      Digital First Project
                                                   January 28, 2025

Dear Commerce Committee,

    President-elect Donald Trump's nomination of Howard Lutnick as 
Secretary of Commerce brings bold leadership to one of the most pivotal 
roles in government. Lutnick, the CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald and a strong 
advocate for cryptocurrency and small businesses, is uniquely 
positioned to drive innovation and economic growth. We encourage the 
Senate to quickly confirm the right choice for Secretary.
    Lutnick's extensive business leadership in the face of adversity 
set him apart. His biography exemplifies determination and leadership 
under pressure. His ability to navigate crises and implement 
transformative strategies has earned him respect across industries.
    The Commerce Department oversees a broad portfolio, from managing 
the $42.5 billion Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) 
program to funding semiconductor manufacturing and regulating trade. 
Lutnick's experience makes him an ideal choice to guide these 
initiatives. With the BEAD program advancing broadband access 
nationwide, his leadership can ensure its efficient implementation, 
built around transparency and accountability to ensure that any dollar 
spent is wisely spent on deployment.
    Additionally he has been a champion for cryptocurrency and AI, 
positioning him to modernize commerce and drive innovation. As a vocal 
supporter of Bitcoin and blockchain technology, he has championed their 
potential to revolutionize finance and commerce. His vision aligns with 
Trump's embrace of digital currencies, including the campaign's crypto 
donation initiative.
    With Lutnick at the helm, the Commerce Department is poised to 
advance policies that prioritize economic resilience, technological 
leadership, and equitable growth. His nomination is a testament to the 
Trump administration's commitment to bold, transformative leadership 
for America's future.
            Sincerely,
                                             Nathan Leamer,
                                                Executive Director,
                                                 Digital First Project.

Originally Posted: https://digitalfirstproject.substack.com/p/digital-
first-supports-howard-lutnick
                                 ______
                                 
                                   Global Business Alliance
                                                   January 28, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chairman, Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member, Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

    On behalf of the Global Business Alliance (GBA), I am writing in 
support of Mr. Howard Lutnick's nomination to be U.S. Secretary of 
Commerce and to emphasize the critical importance of global investment 
to U.S. economic growth and job creation.
    GBA represents nearly 200 leading international companies, all of 
whom are major U.S. employers and globally headquartered in countries 
that are our Nation's long-time friends and allies. International 
companies have invested over $5 trillion into the U.S. economy, employ 
8.4 million U.S. workers and offer compensation that is seven percent 
higher than the U.S. national average. Many of those jobs are in your 
home states.
    As you may know, the Commerce Secretary leads SelectUSA, the only 
Federal initiative squarely focused on attracting international 
companies to invest and create jobs in the United States. A predictable 
and transparent regulatory environment ensures that international 
companies can operate efficiently within the U.S., on equal footing 
with other major U.S. employers. Advancing trade and investment 
agreements with allied nations--especially key investor countries--is 
an untapped opportunity for U.S. job growth.
    International companies are also advancing American innovation, 
bringing world-class know-how to U.S. manufacturing. Ensuring America 
remains open to the best of what the world has to offer is critical to 
America's long-term economic and national security.
    Mr. Lutnick's distinguished career in business and proven expertise 
make him well-qualified to lead the Commerce Department.
            Sincerely,
                                           Jonathan Samford
                                                 President and CEO,
                                              Global Business Alliance.
                                 ______
                                 
                                                   January 28, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chairman,
U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member,
U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

    On behalf of America's 13.8 million saltwater anglers and our 
collective $98 billion economic impact, we write to express our strong 
support for the advancement of Howard Lutnick's nomination to serve as 
the 41st Secretary of Commerce. Mr. Lutnick is an iconic American 
business leader who successfully shepherded his firm through the 
challenging aftermath of the September 11th attacks. As a tested 
leader, we believe he is well positioned to lead the Department of 
Commerce and advise the President on the strength of American business 
and industry. His track record of innovation, foresight and commitment 
to fostering economic growth is well known and impressive by any 
measure.
    The Department of Commerce badly needs a visionary leader. Within 
Commerce, the recreational saltwater fishing industry has faced its 
most challenging four years related to ocean and fishing access. NOAA 
Fisheries has lost its way and the trust of the American public. Sound 
science and principled leadership are both needed to restore that 
trust. Mr. Lutnick's confirmation is one critical step to addressing 
the business-killing restrictions advocated by NOAA over the past four 
years.
    The last U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) report heralded 
outdoor recreation's contribution to the U.S. economy at $1.2 
trillion--accounting for 2.3 percent of GDP--with recreational boating 
and fishing as the largest contributor. This underscores the essential 
role our industry plays in the national economy and the importance of 
responsible policies that protect these contributions. The recreational 
fishing industry and our angling community have long been leaders in 
conservation, contributing nearly $1.5 billion annually through excise 
taxes, license fees and donations. These efforts support healthy fish 
populations and sustainable marine habitats--key to the future of our 
sport.
    Mr. Lutnick's expertise in economic policy positions him to 
champion the interests of the recreational fishing industry while 
promoting sustainable practices that ensure our natural resources are 
preserved for future generations. In his distinguished career, Mr. 
Lutnick has consistently demonstrated his ability to identify 
opportunities for growth while balancing the needs of diverse 
stakeholders. This approach aligns seamlessly with the priorities of 
the recreational fishing community, which relies on sound management of 
fisheries, investments in conservation and policies that encourage 
access to public waters.
    Our industry looks forward to supporting Mr. Lutnick's thoughtful, 
collaborative and measured perspective at the Department of Commerce. 
We urge the Committee to support and advance Mr. Lutnick's nomination 
to allow for the Senate to expeditiously confirm him to serve as the 
next Secretary of Commerce.
            Sincerely,

American Sportfishing Association

BoatUS

Bonefish & Tarpon Trust

Center for Sportfishing Policy

Coastal Conservation Association

International Game Fish Association

Marine Retailers Association of the Americas

National Marine Manufacturers Association
                                 ______
                                 
                             Satellite Industry Association
                                   Washington, DC, January 28, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chairman,
Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member,
Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.

    On behalf of the Satellite Industry Association (SIA), the trade 
association representing the domestic commercial satellite and space 
industries, I wish to express our strong support for the confirmation 
of Howard Lutnick as Secretary of the United States Department of 
Commerce.
    Throughout his career, Mr. Lutnick has demonstrated resilience, 
leadership and a strong appreciation for the value of technology. 
Thanks to tremendous leaps in space-based technology and innovation, 
the commercial satellite industry is growing at an unprecedented rate. 
There are now over 11,500 satellites operating in Earth orbit compared 
with 2,500 just a mere five years ago. Satellites not only provide 
communications, broadband, Earth observation, video and other services 
to enterprise customers and hundreds of millions of American consumers 
each day, but they are also vital for government, defense and first 
responder/natural disaster applications.
    This is a critical time for the industry and as the association 
advocating on behalf of America's satellite and space interests, SIA 
strongly urges the Senate to rapidly confirm Mr. Lutnick. We look 
forward to working with him and the Commerce Department--including 
NTIA, NOAA, BIS and the Office of Space Commerce--to help ensure 
America's continued leadership in space-based innovation and dominant 
position in the rapidly expanding global space economy.
            Sincerely,
                                                Tom Stroup,
                                                         President,
                                        Satellite Industry Association.
                                 ______
                                 
                                  ACT | The App Association
                                                   January 28, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chairman,
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
United States Senate,
Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member,
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
United States Senate,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

    ACT | The App Association supports the nomination of Howard Lutnick 
to serve as United States Secretary of Commerce. Mr. Lutnick has a 
track record of success in business and demonstrated unwavering 
dedication to advancing American interests. We welcome his 
confirmation.
    The App Association is the leading trade group representing small 
business application developers and connected device companies in the 
United States and around the world. These companies drive a global app 
economy worth $6.3 trillion, which supports 6.1 million American jobs. 
App Association members leverage the connectivity of smart devices to 
create innovative solutions that introduce new eRiciencies across 
consumer and enterprise use cases. They rely on forward-thinking 
government that prioritizes unleashing small business growth and 
success in the app economy.
    Mr. Lutnick's demonstrated leadership in bringing Cantor Fitzgerald 
back from the brink following the September 11 attacks and his 
dedication to both innovation and philanthropy are evidence of his 
strong management capabilities that make him a solid choice to lead the 
Department of Commerce. Notably, Mr. Lutnick's experience in sourcing 
investment for growing companies positions him well to understand the 
perspectives of App Association members. Small businesses in the app 
economy need the Commerce Department to support policies that enable 
them to attract investment, compete domestically and abroad, and engage 
in pro-competitive transactions.
    Government policies--both in the United States and abroad--that 
have cast a pall of uncertainty over markets for investing in fast-
growing firms in the app economy have had a cascading eRect on the 
ecosystem. The Commerce Department should decline to limit innovation 
with overregulation and instead implement a risk-based approach to 
emerging technologies like artificial intelligence oversight and 
guardrails. Further, previous government policies have enabled bad 
actors to prevent small businesses from innovating on top of technical 
standards. If the United States is to lead in technological innovation, 
the Department of Commerce must join the entire Administration in 
taking a strong stand against abusive standard-essential patent (SEP) 
licensing practices that undermine U.S. supply chain integrity as well 
as economic and national security; and deny American innovators the 
opportunity to license SEPs on fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory 
(FRAND) terms.
    With respect to mergers and acquisitions, U.S. government policy 
changes in the last few years have reduced potential returns on equity 
investment; curtailed willingness to invest in companies like our 
members; depressed companies' enterprise value; made it more costly for 
new companies to borrow; and obstructed the ability to export U.S. 
innovations, all of which have raised barriers to entry and slowed 
startup and small firm growth and job creation. As another leading 
example, interventions into digital platform and other emerging 
technology markets have undermined curated online marketplace (COM) 
management, which small business innovators leverage and benefit 
from more than their larger competitors. The next Secretary of Commerce 
must pivot to broadly advance pro-innovation, regulatory approaches 
scaled to actual harms, and further oppose eRorts by other countries, 
both directly and in key multilateral fora, to disadvantage U.S. small 
businesses seeking to compete abroad so they can grow and create jobs 
here.
    We urge this Committee to quickly confirm Mr. Lutnick and look 
forward to working with you on related issues that aRect App 
Association members in the 119th Congress.
            Sincerely,
                                               Morgan Reed,
                                                         President,
                                             ACT | The App Association.
                                 ______
                                 
                                 National Retail Federation
                                   Washington, DC, January 28, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chairman,
Committee on Commerce, Science and Technology,
Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member,
Committee on Commerce, Science and Technology,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

    On behalf of the National Retail Federation, I write in support of 
the nomination of Mr. Howard Lutnick as the next Secretary of the 
Department of Commerce. We believe his experience makes him the ideal 
candidate as the next Secretary to lead the economic growth agenda for 
the Trump administration. We respectfully encourage the Senate Commerce 
Committee to support his nomination and for the Senate to confirm Mr. 
Lutnick as soon as possible.
    NRF, the world's largest retail trade association, passionately 
advocates for the people, brands, policies and ideas that help retail 
succeed. NRF empowers the industry that powers the economy. Retail is 
the Nation's largest private-sector employer, contributing $5.3 
trillion to annual GDP and supporting one in four U.S. jobs--55 million 
working Americans. For over a century, NRF has been a voice for every 
retailer and every retail job, educating, inspiring and communicating 
the powerful impact retail has on local communities and global 
economies.
    As the next Secretary of Commerce, Mr. Lutnick will play a key role 
in the Trump administration's work to help create the best conditions 
for economic growth, enhance our global competitiveness and make life 
more affordable for American families. This is vital for retailers, 
both large and small, and the millions of jobs they support and 
communities and customers they serve. From trade to technology to 
standards, the Department plays a crucial role in the success and 
competitiveness of U.S. retailers. Mr. Lutnick is in a prime position 
to help retailers continue to succeed.
    We look forward to working with Committee members and the new 
Secretary to achieve our next phase of economic growth. Thank you for 
your consideration.
            Sincerely,
                                              David French,
                                          Executive Vice President,
                                              Government Relations.
                                 ______
                                 
                                                    TechNet
                                   Washington, DC, January 28, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chairman,
U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member,
U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

    TechNet appreciates the opportunity to express support for the 
nomination of Howard Lutnick for Secretary of the Department of 
Commerce. Mr. Lutnick has deep business experience and is well 
qualified to lead the agency tasked with promoting American growth and 
competitiveness. We urge you to give his nomination careful yet 
expeditious consideration.
    TechNet is the national, bipartisan network of technology CEOs and 
senior executives that promotes the growth of the innovation economy by 
advocating a targeted policy agenda at the Federal and 50-state level. 
TechNet's diverse membership includes dynamic American businesses 
ranging from startups to the most iconic companies on the planet and 
represents over 4.5 million employees and countless customers in the 
fields of information technology, artificial intelligence, e-commerce, 
the sharing and gig economies, advanced energy, transportation, 
cybersecurity, venture capital, and finance.
    The United States is in a race to win the next era of innovation. 
We cannot take America's tech leadership for granted if we are to 
remain at the forefront of the technologies shaping the 21st century, 
particularly against strategic competitors like China. The Department 
of Commerce plays a critical role in fostering innovation that achieves 
this important objective, including through policies and research that 
encourage economic growth and ensure American leadership in emerging 
technologies. These policies include, among others, reducing excessive 
regulatory burdens that hinder growth and innovation, investing in 
Regional Technology and Innovation Hubs to drive development in 
communities across the country, promoting America's global leadership 
in AI and AI safety, using trade tools such as tariffs strategically 
while reducing unnecessary barriers to physical and digital trade, and 
protecting American businesses from the threat of discriminatory and 
unfair foreign taxation.
    We look forward to working with you and Mr. Lutnick on these and 
other issues to protect and support American innovation and advance our 
shared priorities. Thank you for your consideration of TechNet's views 
on this matter.
            Sincerely,
                                           Carl Holshouser,
                                          Executive Vice President.
                                 ______
                                 
                                 Business Software Alliance
                                   Washington, DC, January 29, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chairman, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
Washington, DC.
  
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

    I am writing on behalf of the Business Software Alliance to share 
our support for the nomination of Howard Lutnick to be the Secretary of 
Commerce of the United States.
    The Business Software Alliance is the global trade association of 
the enterprise software industry, representing companies that are 
leaders in artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, cloud computing, 
design, construction and manufacturing tools, and other cutting-edge 
technologies. We work in over 20 markets in the US, Europe, and Asia, 
advocating for policies that build trust in technology so that every 
industry sector and the public can benefit from innovation.
    Mr. Lutnick's extensive experience in spearheading digital 
transformation initiatives gives him an important perspective for 
Commerce Secretary. From implementing advanced analytics to modernizing 
operations, Mr. Lutnick has consistently championed the integration of 
innovative digital tools, showcasing their transformative potential 
across sectors. This experience can prove invaluable as the Department 
plays a critical role in the development and adoption of American 
technology, including artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and 
others.
    As Secretary, Mr. Lutnick will play an important role in advancing 
policies that promote growth, innovation, and global competitiveness in 
the business-to-business (B2B) software sector. His deep understanding 
of the challenges that businesses face in the digital age will make him 
uniquely qualified to lead the agency tasked with serving as the voice 
of business and creating conditions for economic growth and opportunity 
for all.
    Thank Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell and the entire 
Committee for considering his nomination today.
            Sincerely,
                                            Craig Albright,
                                             Senior Vice President,
                                            Business Software Alliance.
                                 ______
                                 
         American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
                                       Reston, VA, January 29, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chairman,
Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member,
Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.

RE: AIAA STATEMENT FOR THE RECORD IN SUPPORT OF THE NOMINATION OF 
            HOWARD LUTNICK FOR SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

    On behalf of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 
(AIAA), I am pleased to endorse the nomination of Mr. Howard Lutnick as 
the next Secretary of Commerce.
    Howard Lutnick's tenure as Chairman and CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald 
and BGC Partners showcases his ability to lead complex organizations 
through periods of rapid transformation and challenge. Under his 
leadership, Cantor Fitzgerald became a global leader in financial 
services and technology, spearheading innovations that reflect his 
capacity to adapt to dynamic markets and drive progress. His proven 
ability to guide companies into the future aligns seamlessly with the 
Department's role in promoting U.S. economic leadership in emerging 
industries, including aerospace and space exploration.
    The Department of Commerce's oversight of the Office of Space 
Commerce positions Mr. Lutnick to make a profound impact on the 
aerospace sector. His strategic mindset will support the Office of 
Space Commerce's efforts to ensure sustainable growth, global 
competitiveness, and effective regulation of commercial space 
activities.
    Moreover, Mr. Lutnick's strong commitment to philanthropy and 
education demonstrates his understanding of the critical role talent 
development plays in the success of any industry.
    As the world's largest aerospace technical society, with nearly 
30,000 individual members and nearly 100 corporate members, AIAA 
believes that Mr. Lutnick is the right person to lead the Department of 
Commerce. AIAA wholeheartedly supports his nomination.
    Sincerely,
                                                Clay Mowry,
                                                               CEO.
                                 ______
                                 
                                        Innovation Alliance
                                                   January 29, 2025

Honorable Ted Cruz,
Chairman,
Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
United States Senate,
Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member,
Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
United States Senate,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

    The Innovation Alliance writes in support of the nomination of 
Howard Lutnick as Secretary of Commerce. In the nearly twenty years of 
the Innovation Alliance's existence, never before has there been a 
nominee for Secretary of Commerce with the breadth and depth of 
experience with intellectual property as Mr. Lutnick, who himself is 
listed as the inventor on many hundreds of patents. We are confident 
that installing Mr. Lutnick at the helm of the Commerce Department will 
give the Trump Administration exactly the leadership this critical 
agency needs at this moment of great power competition on innovation 
and technology.
    The Alliance is a coalition of U.S.-based research and development-
focused technology companies representing innovators, patent owners, 
and stakeholders from a wide range of industries that believes in the 
critical importance of maintaining a strong patent system that supports 
innovative enterprises of all sizes. We are committed to strengthening 
the U.S. patent system to promote innovation, economic growth, and job 
creation, and we support legislation and policies that help to achieve 
those goals.
    The Innovation Alliance appreciates the government-wide efforts of 
the first Trump Administration to strengthen U.S. innovation. During 
that time, under the leadership of Director Andrei Iancu, the U.S. 
Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) took decisive action to reduce the 
backlog of U.S. patents, clarify the law of patent subject matter 
eligibility, and impose rules and guidelines to ensure fairness at the 
Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB). The Antitrust Division of the 
Department of Justice (DOJ) worked to ensure U.S. businesses remained 
competitive on a global scale and supported the rights of innovators to 
protect their intellectual property (IP), including by issuing a joint 
policy statement with the USPTO and the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology (NIST) clarifying that injunctions should be available 
to stop infringement of standard essential patents (SEPs). Trump 
Administration national security officials also recognized the critical 
role that U.S. innovation leadership in foundational research and 
development, global technology standards setting, and IP licensing 
plays in our national security and economic competitiveness. They took 
concrete steps to maintain U.S. innovation leadership, including 
directing the U.S. Trade Representative to investigate IP theft and 
abuse by foreign actors.
    We believe Mr. Lutnick is the right choice as Secretary of Commerce 
to build on this legacy and strategically position the United States to 
meet the challenge presented by foreign competitors. If the United 
States is to meet this challenge, we must aggressively incentivize 
long-term private investment into critical and emerging technological 
areas.
    The U.S. patent system--enshrined in the Constitution--provides the 
foundational incentive for American innovators. By allowing inventors 
to own their inventions for a limited time in exchange for public 
disclosure so other inventors can build and improve on them, the U.S. 
patent system, as Abraham Lincoln said, adds ``the fuel of interest to 
the fire of genius,'' helping to create the greatest innovation economy 
in the world.
    Despite the success of the patent system in promoting U.S. 
technology leadership, we must do more to ensure the system continues 
to incentivize the most innovative U.S. inventors and entrepreneurs to 
develop new technologies. Since the early 2000s, a series of judicial 
decisions, shortsighted legislation, and a sustained campaign of 
attacks on the patent system by Big Tech have undermined patents as a 
catalyst for American innovation and economic success. The inability of 
patent owners to obtain injunctions against patent infringement has led 
to Big Tech companies concluding that it is cheaper to steal patented 
technologies from small inventors and pay a court-ordered royalty--
after months or years of expensive litigation for the inventor--than it 
is to follow the law and pay for a license up front. The PTAB, designed 
to be a faster, cheaper method for adjudicating patent validity, has 
become a tool of Big Tech to extort settlements from inventors and 
small businesses who fear their patents will be canceled.
    This degradation of U.S. patent rights is depressing U.S. economic 
growth and job creation and undermining U.S. competitiveness globally. 
Many patent holders are now able to obtain better protections for their 
patent rights overseas than they are in the United States. Some courts 
issue injunctions as a matter of course following a finding of 
infringement. We have also seen efforts to weaken the ability of the 
U.S. International Trade Commission to prevent the import of IP-
infringing products into the United States, which would further 
undercut U.S. global competitiveness.
    At the same time, U.S. patent rights are under threat from foreign 
governments seeking to secure competitive advantage in key 
technologies. They abuse their legal processes, including court 
proceedings and antitrust enforcement, to set global royalty rates on 
standardized technologies to devalue U.S.-developed technologies and 
unfairly advantage its domestic companies. Another proposal pending in 
the EU to regulate standardized technologies would similarly harm U.S. 
technologies and legitimize these abusive tactics.
    We have confidence that Mr. Lutnick can help correct this 
trajectory and reclaim undisputed U.S. global technology leadership by 
supporting pro-innovation actions, including:

   Supporting bipartisan legislation, such as the RESTORE 
        Patent Rights Act, the Promoting and Respecting Economically 
        Vital American Innovation Leadership Act (PREVAIL) Act, and the 
        Patent Eligibility Restoration Act (PERA).

     The RESTORE Patent Rights Act will restore the 
            inventors' right to a permanent injunction to stop IP theft 
            when a patent has been proven valid and infringed, which 
            will in turn protect inventors' right to determine who can 
            use their patented inventions and encourage investments in 
            innovation that support U.S. technological leadership.

     The PREVAIL Act, which passed the Senate Judiciary 
            Committee in November, will help make the PTAB process more 
            fair for inventors by protecting them from harassment by 
            Big Tech and others who violate their IP rights.

     PERA will clarify categories of inventions that are 
            eligible to receive patents, restoring needed certainty and 
            predictability for American innovators and investors and 
            ensuring the United States avoids ceding leadership in key 
            technologies like AI to our foreign adversaries and 
            competitors.

   Working to ensure agencies across the government recognize 
        the critical importance of R&D leadership and IP to U.S. 
        national security and economic competitiveness, and that policy 
        decisions balance the need to impose restrictions on foreign 
        adversaries with the need to promote U.S. innovation in key 
        areas like antitrust, export controls, and trade.

   Ensuring the USPTO has the resources it needs to issue 
        patents that promote U.S. technology leadership, while right-
        sizing parts of the agency, like the PTAB, that undermine this 
        goal.

   Standing up to other countries that abuse their legal 
        systems to obtain unfair advantage over U.S. innovators.

   Ensuring our allies in Europe and around the world respect 
        strong IP rights as a bulwark against efforts to dominate 
        global technology standards and the backbone of global 
        technology advancement and cooperation.

    The confirmation of Howard Lutnick to serve as Secretary of 
Commerce will elevate a business leader who understands the importance 
of IP in maintaining U.S. global technology leadership. We also believe 
he will ensure the appointment of a strong USPTO director with 
experience in both innovation policy and managing large complex 
organizations to advance these goals.
    Thank you for considering our views on the importance of confirming 
Mr. Lutnick as Secretary of Commerce to protect U.S. global technology 
leadership and strengthen the U.S. patent system as the bedrock of U.S. 
innovation.
    Sincerely,
                                              Brian Pomper,
                                                Executive Director.
Cc: Members of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation
                                 ______
                                 
                NCTA--The Internet & Television Association
                                   Washington, DC, January 29, 2025

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chair,
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
U.S. Senate,
 Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member,
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chair Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

    At a time of rapid global change and increasingly complex economic 
challenges, the Department of Commerce needs a leader with a dynamic 
approach and a clear understanding of the opportunities and challenges 
facing American businesses and workers. As the nominee for Secretary of 
Commerce, Mr. Howard Lutnick is well-positioned to play a critical role 
in ensuring the U.S. economy remains competitive, resilient, and ready 
to adapt to the demands of a shifting global marketplace.
    Mr. Lutnick's impressive track record of success in the private 
sector demonstrates his ability to navigate complex systems, foster 
innovation, and deliver results. His leadership is poised to strengthen 
key industries, enhance American manufacturing, and advance 
technological innovation while championing fair and robust 
international trade practices.
    The position of Secretary of Commerce is one of the most vital 
roles in the Federal Government, directly influencing the policies and 
initiatives that shape our Nation's economic future. We are confident 
that Mr. Lutnick's experience, vision, and dedication will ensure that 
the Department continues to lead with purpose and effectiveness and we 
urge the Committee's swift consideration of his nomination.
            Sincerely,
                                         Michael K. Powell,
                                                 President and CEO,
                           NCTA--The Internet & Television Association.
                                 ______
                                 
Prepared Statement from Alliance for the Future on the Confirmation of 
                  Howard Lutnick as Commerce Secretary
    The Commerce Secretary plays a crucial role in supporting American 
innovation, competitiveness, and efficiency. AI is a top issue in this 
portfolio. Howard Lutnick has the experience, leadership, and vision to 
ensure that the future of AI goes hand in hand with the return of 
American greatness.
    In recent years, the Department of Commerce has been used to 
amplify AI fears with no basis in fact, hinder American science and 
industry, promote DEI, censor the speech of Americans, and unfairly cut 
off Americans' financial services because of their politics. Not only 
has the department slowed the uptake of AI across all sectors of the 
economy, but it has also threatened American national security by 
allowing China to challenge American digital leadership.
    Howard Lutnick understands the importance of this moment and the 
necessity of rescuing American AI policy to build an innovative and 
prosperous AI-powered future for the American people.
    He has a strong record of technological optimism, including 
supporting equal access to banking for cryptocurrency and traditional 
financial companies alike, and improving government efficiency. He is 
an excellent candidate for Commerce Secretary and Alliance for the 
Future supports his confirmation.
                                 ______
                                 
             Public Safety Broadband Technology Association
                            Public Safety Spectrum Alliance
                                                      Las Vegas, NV

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chair,
U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member,
U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chair Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

    The White House recently announced the nomination of Howard Lutnick 
to serve as Secretary of Commerce. The Public Safety Broadband 
Technology Association (PSBTA) and the Public Safety Spectrum Alliance 
(PSSA) strongly support Mr. Lutnick's nomination. Not only does Mr. 
Lutnick's strong private sector experience make him an ideal candidate, 
but his personal experience related to 9/11 makes him an ideal 
selection to understand and support the public safety priorities within 
NTIA.
    As you know, FirstNet is an independent authority that resides 
within NTIA and the Department of Commerce. Having someone who 
understands the purpose of FirstNet and the critical need is important 
to all first responders across the country. Our association was founded 
by those that helped create FirstNet, and we know, better than anyone, 
how critical FirstNet is and how important good leadership is to 
understanding the FirstNet mission.
    As experts in the needs of Public Safety communications and 
FirstNet, please accept our strong support for Mr. Lutnick as Secretary 
of Commerce.
            Sincerely,
                                  Chief Al Gillespie (Ret),
                                                         President,
                                                                 PSBTA.
                                 ______
                                 
                                          Salem Media Group
                                                      Camarillo, CA

Hon. Ted Cruz,
Chairman,
U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.
Hon. Maria Cantwell,
Ranking Member,
U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

    On behalf of Salem Media Group, a leading multimedia company 
providing Christian and conservative talk programming to audiences 
across the nation, I am writing to express our enthusiastic support for 
the nomination of Mr. Howard Lutnick to serve as the next Secretary of 
Commerce. Having had the privilege of meeting Mr. Lutnick, I can 
personally attest to his exceptional leadership, extensive business 
acumen, and genuine commitment to fostering economic growth-qualities 
that make him an outstanding choice for this critical role.
    Mr. Lutnick's deep understanding of the complexities of global 
markets, coupled with his proven ability to foster meaningful public/
private partnerships, positions him uniquely to advance the 
Department's mission. At Salem Media Group, we see firsthand how 
technological innovation, such as the growth of artificial 
intelligence, is reshaping industries. We trust that Mr. Lutnick will 
champion policies that drive innovation, promote fair competition, and 
bolster America's global competitiveness.
    We are confident that Mr. Lutnick will bring a results-oriented, 
forward-thinking approach to the Department of Commerce, ensuring it 
continues to play a pivotal role in driving economic prosperity and 
innovation. I, along with our Chief Executive Officer, David Santrella, 
wholeheartedly support his nomination and respectfully urge the 
Committee to advance his confirmation without delay.
    Thank you for considering our letter of support for Mr. Lutnick.
            Sincerely,
                                    Edward G. Atsinger III,
                         Cofounder/Executive Chairman of the Board,
                                                     Salem Media Group.
                                        David P. Santrella,
                                           Chief Executive Officer,
                                                     Salem Media Group.

    The Chairman. Senators will have until the close of 
business on Thursday, January 30, to submit questions for the 
record. The nominee will have until the end of the day on 
Saturday, February 1, to respond to those questions. And we had 
testimony about how hard you would work. So we are giving you a 
day.
    Mr. Lutnick. I got it.
    The Chairman. But we are moving promptly.
    That concludes today's hearing. The Committee stands 
adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 1:42 p.m., the hearing was adjourned.]

                            A P P E N D I X

    Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Roger Wicker to 
                             Howard Lutnick
Rice's Whale and Environmental Policies
    A group of environmental NGOs submitted a petition to the National 
Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) for a rulemaking to establish a year-
round vessel speed limit and other vessel-related mitigation measures 
in the Rice's whale ``core'' habitat area. While NOAA denied the 
petition to establish vessel speed measures, they proposed a rule 
designating a critical habitat for the Rice's whale with little to no 
information on the species' life history or behavior. NOAA has actively 
pursued measures for Rice's whale at the expense of communities along 
the Gulf of Mexico based on very little conclusive evidence as to the 
presence of the Rice's whale in the central and western Gulf of Mexico. 
Imposing restrictions on development in the Gulf of Mexico would 
directly harm the economic activity and jobs across coastal 
communities.

    Question 1. It is unacceptable to impose regulations that have no 
scientific backing with significant impacts to coastal communities. 
Under your leadership as Secretary will you commit to ensuring that 
NMFS and NOAA use only science-backed research with strong supporting 
data before proposing any rulemaking?
    Answer. Yes. Imposing restrictions on development opportunities in 
the Gulf of America would have negative implications for economic 
activity and job growth. Substantial and conclusive evidence is 
necessary to ensure species' life history, behavior and other important 
factors are thoroughly considered so as not to needlessly harm coastal 
communities and our economy. I look forward to working with your office 
on the Rice's Whale issue.
Recreational Fishing & Fisheries Data
    The Gulf States took over management of recreational Gulf Red 
Snapper fishing in 2017 during President Trump's first term. We have 
been impressed with the results posted by each of the Gulf States since 
then.

    Question 2. Will you continue to support policies from President 
Trump's first administration that empower the States' role in marine 
fisheries management?
    Answer. Yes. On November 5th, the American people made their voices 
heard and have worked to manage these fisheries more effectively. I 
look forward to working with your office on state management activities 
and how these could continue with the Gulf States.

    Question 3. Access to public waters is fundamental to any 
successful recreational fishery. The Biden Administration sought to 
keep America's anglers and boaters off the water. Will you focus on 
policies that provide access and opportunity to America's oceans?
    Answer. Yes. America's anglers and boaters are an important part of 
our economy. I will work to help reduce unnecessary burden for 
recreational activities and fishing, including policies that provide 
access and opportunity to enjoy America's ocean resources.

    Question 4. States are producing excellent fisheries data, yet NOAA 
Fisheries continues to use their own opaque data system. Will you 
foster policies that broaden the definition of ``Best Scientific 
Information Available (BSIA)'' to include data gathered by the States?
    Answer. I look forward to learning more about this issue and 
working closely with your office on potential policy initiatives.
Seafood Production
    Seafood production is a major economic driver in Mississippi, 
generating hundreds of millions of dollars and thousands of jobs 
annually. But the United States imports about 80 percent of the seafood 
we eat, and we have a seafood trade deficit of over $20 billion. The 
U.S. can and should urgently address this seafood deficit--and that 
starts with producing more fresh, healthy, and sustainable seafood at 
home through marine aquaculture. NOAA, the largest agency in your 
department, oversees and manages our marine fisheries and aquaculture. 
NOAA must lead the way in addressing the seafood trade deficit by 
expanding our marine aquaculture.

    Question 5. Do you commit to addressing the seafood deficit through 
the continued growth of marine aquaculture?
    Answer. Addressing the U.S. seafood deficit is important for the 
ocean economy and global competitiveness. The Department will work on 
ways to address this deficit by creating opportunities to increase our 
seafood exports, including marine aquaculture production. I look 
forward to learning more about this issue and working closely with your 
office on possible solutions.
Tech Hubs
    The Department of Commerce has the opportunity to grow innovative 
markets through the Economic Development Administration's (EDA) 
Regional Technology and Innovation Hubs (Tech Hubs) program. This 
program focuses on driving regional growth and global competitiveness 
through development of critical and emerging technologies by creating 
consortia of public, private, and academic partners. My colleagues and 
I worked hard to ensure this program was created and remains adequately 
funded. Under President Biden, the U.S Commerce Department shifted away 
from the Congressional intent of locating new Tech Hubs in 
traditionally underrepresented Federal research regions and instead 
prioritized awards to existing, already developed programs in 
metropolitan statistical areas with ties to organized labor.

    Question 6. Will the Department designate more Tech Hubs in 2025, 
rather than simply giving more funds to the Tech Hubs designated by the 
previous Administration?
    Answer. I will work with you and other members of Congress to 
ensure that Economic Development Administration Tech Hubs are 
thoughtfully distributed throughout the country.

    Question 7. What research and commercialization areas will the 
Department of Commerce and the Economic Development Administration 
prioritize under your leadership?
    Answer. I will ensure the Department and the Economic Development 
Administration prioritize research and commercialization areas well 
suited to boost American economic and job growth.
Oil and Gas Exploration
    The Department of Commerce has a potentially significant impact on 
offshore oil and gas exploration, development, and production 
activities. Mississippi is home to the country's 11th largest refinery 
which produces about 356,000 barrels of oil a day into downstream 
products. One of Mississippi's other facilities is a leading global 
manufacturer of naphthenic process oils (used in industrial 
applications such as printing inks, transformer oils, and refrigerator 
oils).

    Question 8. Mississippi's salt caverns storage capability makes it 
a major player in the natural gas space--9 of its 10 largest power 
plants rely primarily on natural gas. It is also home to one of the 
country's largest natural gas processing plants, in addition to an 
import terminal. Recently, this facility received approval to export 
LNG. How will you ensure that retaliatory tariffs on Natural Gas do not 
impact this facility's ability to operate?
    Answer. For too long, many countries have limited American 
exporters' ability to access their markets, even as the United States 
granted their companies unfettered access to the largest market in the 
world. I expect that President Trump's trade policies, and his 
commitments to deregulation and American energy independence will help 
Mississippi's power plants, processing plants, and natural gas 
exporters expand their sales and production.
Data Privacy & Artificial Intelligence
    Data privacy guidelines have implications for the artificial 
intelligence space and other areas of modern innovation. Free market 
innovation drives the American economy forward, but there can be no 
innovation without entrepreneurs' willingness to take financial risks 
on their big ideas.
    The current patchwork of state data privacy standards creates 
financial and legal burdens for investments in AI and other startups.

    Question 9. Will you commit to working with Congress on a unified 
data privacy standard that protects consumers while eliminating the 
costly patchwork of overlapping and conflicting state laws?
    Answer. I will ensure the Department works with Congress on data 
privacy standards and provides its expertise and knowledge as needed.

    Question 10. Will you commit to aligning NIST's ongoing work with 
the Trump administration's vision to ensure the United States remains 
dominant in the face of AI competition in other areas of the world?
    Answer. Yes.
Trade
    Mississippi has several industries and companies that have been 
affected by the lack of enforcement of trade laws in countries like 
Vietnam, Ecuador, and Venezuela. I am strongly supportive of the 
Presidents efforts to address the U.S. trade deficit and unfair trading 
practices by our trading partners. We must protect our domestic 
producers from who are already operating under increasingly tight 
margins.

    Question 11. Will you commit to enforcing strong trade laws 
including anti-dumping and countervailing duties to protect America 
industries? Will you also commit to examining rule of origin provisions 
to ensure American companies are not over-taxed on their domestic 
operations?
    Answer. I commit to enforcing strong trade laws and ensuring 
American industries and American workers are fully protected from 
foreign actors and unfair trading practices.
European Union Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive
    The European Union's Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence 
Directive (CS3D) that was recently adopted by the EU, will impose 
significant costs on thousands of U.S. companies doing business in 
Europe. This comes at a time when U.S. exports of natural gas are 
keeping the heat on in Europe this winter because the regulatory 
structure there has caused companies to flee. Yet the EU is attempting 
to harm the competitive advantages of U.S. companies by forcing them to 
comply with CS3D.

    Question 12. What will you do as Commerce Secretary to ensure that 
the U.S. government delivers the most robust of responses against CS3D 
implementation--or implementation of any similar extraterritorial 
legislation enacted by a foreign government with implications for U.S. 
businesses?
    Answer. The CS3D imposes a significant burden on American 
corporations. I will consider using all available trade tools at the 
Department's disposal, as appropriate, to respond to any actions by 
foreign governments, including the EU, that harm the American economy 
and impose unreasonable burdens on our companies.
                                 ______
                                 
    Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Jerry Moran to 
                             Howard Lutnick
1. Department of Commerce/Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
    Can you share more about how your ``direct responsibilities'' over 
the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative will work?
    Answer. The statutory responsibilities of USTR remain unchanged. 
The Department and USTR will collaborate to ensure a strong America 
First trade policy is implemented under President Trump's leadership.
2. International Trade Administration
    What will the Department of Commerce and the International Trade 
Administration do to prioritize expanding international trade 
opportunities for rural businesses and U.S. farmers? How will you work 
with ITA to put U.S. businesses in an advantageous position to compete 
with Chinese exporters?
    Answer. Promoting exports for American companies is a key part of 
the America First trade agenda. Rural businesses and farmers form the 
backbone of the economy in America's heartland, and I am committed to 
expanding access to additional markets for rural businesses and 
agricultural producers. In doing so, I will also work with our trading 
partners around the world to address subsidized, dumped, and unfairly 
traded Chinese exports that limit the opportunities for American 
companies and farmers to sell their products into foreign markets.
3. Antidumping and Countervailing Duties (AD/CVD)
    The Department of Commerce is charged with ensuring fair trade 
through the rigorous enforcement of our trade laws. Illegal trade 
practices such as dumping or subsidies by foreign governments undermine 
our industries and harm America's workers. We have observed that the 
demand for antidumping and countervailing duty investigations into 
unfairly traded imports drastically increased in the last year and that 
the Commerce's work in this space has nearly tripled over the last 
decade.

   What are your plans to ensure that Commerce has the 
        resources and tools it needs to rigorously enforce the trade 
        laws and ensure domestic industries can compete on a level 
        playing field?
    Answer. Antidumping and countervailing duty investigations are 
critical to protecting American industry and its workers. I plan to 
closely study the resources and tools at the Department's disposal and 
work with Congress to ensure the Department has the full capabilities 
to enforce trade laws and effectively protect domestic industry.

   Have decisions by the Courts hampered Commerce's ability to 
        enforce antidumping and countervailing duty laws?
    Answer. I am committed to ensuring the Department complies with all 
court decisions, including those by the Court of International Trade 
and the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. I am aware of several 
decisions remanding determinations by the Department, including with 
respect to the application of adverse facts available and particular 
market situations.

   If yes, how do you plan to work with Congress to address 
        weakened enforcement due to adverse court rulings?
    Answer. Please see prior answer.

   What legislative changes would you propose to update the 
        antidumping and countervailing laws to improve enforcement 
        efforts?
    Answer. I look forward to working with your office on potential 
legislative changes that would strengthen and clarify the Department's 
authority to impose antidumping and countervailing duties.
4. Section 232 Tariffs
    Do you anticipate additional Section 232 tariffs on steel to be 
implemented against Mexico or new ones against Canada?
    Answer. I understand the Department is currently studying the 
current steel tariffs in response to the America First Trade 
Memorandum. I cannot prejudge the results of that study or predict how 
President Trump may react to its findings.
5. Further Export Control Question
    The December 2024 Commerce Department National Security Strategy--
the first of its kind--outlines the state of ``intense global 
competition with China'' in emerging technologies like semiconductors 
and describes China as supplanting the U.S.'s position in the value 
chain for its manufacturing. Your presumptive future colleague, USTR 
nominee Jamieson Greer, called for expanding export controls on China 
to prevent this, including on semiconductors and advanced technologies 
like quantum computing and AI.

   What loopholes do you see in our country's current export 
        controls and how will you ensure robust protection of strategic 
        goods' IP and products belonging to U.S. companies?
    Answer. I am committed to making any necessary changes to prevent 
malign actors from exploiting America's innovation ecosystem. I 
understand the America First Trade Policy Presidential Memorandum 
directs the Department to assess these matters and prepare a report to 
the President. As I have not been confirmed, I can neither speak to 
those efforts nor get ahead of that process. I can say, however, that 
these issues are a top priority.
6. Export Control Policies
    A major focus of Commerce Department thus far has been disrupting 
China's development of artificial intelligence tools. However, we have 
seen recent evidence that the steps taken thus far are inadequate. A 
Chinese company called DeepSeek has released an AI model that seems to 
rival U.S. models and was, according to the company, trained using 
less-advanced chips.
    This challenges the convention that export controls on advanced 
semiconductors will slow Chinese development of cutting-edge AI models.

   Will you work with me to determine a path forward on export 
        controls that adequately addresses China's military 
        modernization and ability to develop dual use technologies?
    Answer. Absolutely. This is a priority I share with you and the 
Committee.
    In addition to confronting China, export controls are critical to 
stemming the flow of sensitive technologies to Iran, which has used 
front companies to avoid detection.

   If confirmed, what steps will you undertake to stop the flow 
        of U.S. goods and technology to Iran?
    Answer. I intend for strong enforcement of export controls to be a 
hallmark of my tenure. The Department's enforcement teams must have the 
resources necessary to meet that standard.
7. Global Tariff
    In the America First Trade Policy memorandum published by President 
Trump, Commerce has been tasked, in consultation with Treasury and 
USTR, with investigating use cases of a ``global supplemental tariff.''

   Before implementing any new tariffs, will you commit to 
        carefully analyzing the potential impacts of tariff increases 
        including consultation with industry?
    Answer. Yes. As directed by the President, the Department will play 
a coordinating role with its interagency partners and carefully study 
this issue before reaching any decisions.
8. Competing Budget Priorities
    How do you anticipate balancing the ramp up of the Census and 
recapitalization of NOAA weather satellites and aircraft during what 
may be a flat budget environment?
    Answer. The Department of Commerce will carry out its mandate to 
faithfully execute the President's budget subject to Congressional 
approval.
9. CHIPS
    Several Senators in the hearing--including members of the Committee 
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation--have recently met with you to 
raise concerns on across-the-board tariffs as well as discuss carrying 
out the goals outlined in the CHIPS and Science Act.

   As Commerce Secretary, what is your approach to the 
        bipartisan CHIPS and Science Act?
    Answer. The Department plays a key role in advancing the Nation's 
technological competitiveness in everything from semiconductors to AI, 
to increasing the availability of spectrum. I plan to ensure that the 
Department continues to make sure that America leads in these key areas 
and to oversee the responsibilities of the Department to ensure that 
America is in a stronger and more competitive position through our 
efforts.

   As you think about the CHIPS Program and future initiatives 
        to bolster U.S. semiconductor manufacturing, do you agree that 
        it is important for the U.S. to encourage the manufacturing of 
        all major types of semiconductors in the U.S., including both 
        logic and memory semiconductors?
    Answer. Semiconductors for logic, memory, and other applications 
(RF, photonics, etc.) are critical to our daily lives and national 
security. Ensuring that the U.S. has robust domestic manufacturing 
capacity and supply chains to support these efforts is critical.

   Will you ensure the CHIPS program directly supports small 
        and medium size semiconductor companies, including those 
        companies in rural parts of the country?
    Answer. Yes. The CHIPS program funds large, medium, and small-sized 
semiconductor manufacturing and semi-conductor supply chain related 
companies across the country. I will ensure that future investments 
support companies that advance the economic and national security of 
the United States.

   Additionally, will you ensure that all parts of the 
        semiconductor supply chain are supported by the CHIPS program, 
        including companies engaged in packaging and testing 
        semiconductors?
    Answer. Yes.
10. Promoting Tourism to the U.S.
    The U.S. Department of Commerce plays an important role in 
supporting tourism through its National Travel and Tourism Office 
(NTTO), which is part of the International Trade Administration. By 
promoting tourism, the Department helps drive economic growth. The 
travel and tourism industry in the U.S. generates significant revenue, 
supports millions of jobs, and contributes to local economies.
    As Secretary of Commerce, what are your priorities for supporting 
travel to and within the United States, especially considering major 
upcoming tourism events like the FIFA World Cup in 2026, in which 
Kansas City will be a Host City?
    Answer. As Secretary of Commerce, I will promote America's cities 
and events to the fullest extent. Major events, including the FIFA 
World Cup in 2026, provide incredible opportunities to highlight 
American spirit and enterprise in places such as Kansas City.
11. The 2027 National Travel and Tourism Strategy
    The National Travel and Tourism Strategy is a comprehensive, 
government-led initiative developed to promote travel and tourism to 
the United States, while also ensuring that the sector supports 
economic growth, job creation, and community development. The strategy 
aims to strengthen the U.S. tourism industry by addressing challenges 
and opportunities, fostering partnerships, and creating a coordinated, 
whole-of-government approach to tourism promotion and policy.
    The National Travel and Tourism Strategy is issued every five 
years, with the next update expected in 2027. In alignment with the 
Trump Administration's agenda to promote innovation, will you commit to 
addressing in the next National Travel and Tourism Strategy how 
emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, can promote 
travel and tourism to and within the United States and maximize its 
economic benefits to all Americans?
    Answer. Yes. I commit to working with the Administration and 
Congress to address how emerging technologies can promote travel and 
tourism within the United States and benefit all Americans.
12. Refineries
    Kansas has three refineries, which combined can process about 
408,000 barrels of crude oil per calendar day. The state's refineries 
account for about 2 percent of the Nation's refining capacity, and 
produce a variety of petroleum products, including diesel fuel, motor 
gasoline, and jet fuel. Are you concerned about the ability of these 
refineries to produce downstream products in the face of tariffs on 
crude imports?
    Answer. As President Trump has directed, I am committed to 
unleashing American energy and expanding the capability for energy 
producers at all steps of the supply chain and refining process to 
flourish.
13. Boycotts of Israel
    The Commerce Department is responsible for enforcing U.S. anti-
boycott laws, which discourage and, in some circumstances, prohibit 
U.S. companies from furthering or supporting the boycott of Israel 
fostered or imposed by foreign countries. Unfortunately, we've seen a 
surge in foreign boycott activity targeting our ally Israel in the wake 
of October 7th.

   If confirmed, ensure full enforcement of U.S. anti-boycott 
        laws and regulations?
    Answer. Yes, absolutely.

   In dealings with countries that support boycotts of Israel, 
        will you make it a priority to encourage them to end such 
        support?
    Answer. Yes.

   Current anti-boycott laws only apply to unsanctioned foreign 
        boycotts imposed or fostered by foreign countries. Would you 
        commit to working with Congress to clarify our anti-boycott 
        laws to make clear that cooperation with boycotts fostered by 
        international governmental organizations, like the U.N. Human 
        Rights Council, is not permitted?
    Answer. I will ensure the Department is available to offer 
technical assistance with drafting updated legislation.

   I am concerned that ESG rating firms are encouraging 
        boycotts of Israel by downgrading companies doing business in 
        Israel. Would you be open to having the Office of Anti-Boycott 
        Compliance look at the issue of ESG rating firms and determine 
        how Federal anti-boycott statutes may apply to the work of 
        these firms?
    Answer. Yes. I am open to having the Department's Office of Anti-
Boycott Compliance review this issue.

   The United States and Israel have long had an important 
        economic relationship. If confirmed, how will you work to 
        deepen and expand that relationship?
    Answer. The Department has numerous tools at its disposal to 
further deepen the country's economic ties to Israel through promotion 
of bilateral trade and investment. The Department can also look into 
ways for the country's intellectual property and scientific communities 
to collaborate further through USPTO and NIST.
14. Abraham Accords
    President Trump achieved a historic accomplishment with the 2020 
Abraham Accords. The agreements saw normalization between Israel and 
some of our regional partners in the Middle East. The Abraham Accords 
have vast economic potential that could positively impact the region 
and the United States. However, over the past couple of years, efforts 
to expand the Abraham Accords have stalled.

   As Secretary of Commerce, how would you work to expand and 
        deepen the economic and trade aspects of the Abraham Accords?
    Answer. While the Abraham Accords have many moving parts, what will 
strengthen them in the long term is economic normalization, bilateral 
trade, and investment. The Department, through its Foreign Commercial 
Service, is well-positioned to promote and facilitate the strong 
economic ties that will lead to peace and prosperity throughout the 
region.
15. Aerospace Supply Chain
    The American aerospace sector is a major economic driver in Kansas 
and the United States, with the largest trade balance--valued at over 
$110 billion--among all U.S. manufacturing sectors. The industry 
workforce stands strong with more than 2.21 million, with employees in 
every state.
    The aerospace industry also outpaced national averages in job 
creation and compensation--about 50 percent above the national average 
in wages and benefits--while playing a pivotal role in delivering 
innovative technology underlying America's national security and 
commercial leadership.

   What are your plans to bolster the aerospace supply chain 
        and ensure continued growth of the U.S. aerospace industry and 
        its highly skilled workforce? How will the Commerce Department 
        work with other agencies to achieve these goals?
    Answer. The aerospace industry relies heavily on exporting, and I 
am committed to supporting American companies' ability to access 
foreign markets. This includes the Department's participation in the 
international aerospace and defense trade shows that provide 
opportunities for our aerospace companies to expand their international 
sales. Additionally, I am committed to strengthening our supply chains 
for all industries and am aware of the need, in particular, to 
strengthen our resiliency for supplying critical minerals, which are 
essential to the aerospace industry.
16. Fertilizers
    The current duties on phosphate mean that our farmers have to 
purchase inputs at prices higher than other farmers around the world 
but can only receive world market prices for their production.

    Are you concerned about ensuring adequate supply of these 
fertilizers, and ensuring competitive, reliable markets for this 
critical ag input for farmers?
    Answer. I am aware of the situation concerning phosphate prices. I 
am concerned about all aspects of the American economy, including the 
impact of high prices on farmers, and am committed to opening markets 
to American exporters on a fair, competitive, and reliable basis.

    Will you commit to consulting with the Secretary of Agriculture as 
the Department of Commerce considers the long-term impacts on 
fertilizer supplies and their impact on U.S. agricultural 
competitiveness?
    Answer. Yes.
17. Natural Resource Management
    Have you been briefed on NOAA's protected resource 
responsibilities, which have tremendous impact on ocean industries 
including fishing (e.g., Maine's lobster industry), and offshore energy 
production?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will have briefings to learn more 
about NOAA's protected resource responsibilities and the impact they 
have on ocean industries and offshore energy production.

   Given the terrible drought facing many Kansan farmers, what 
        investments should NOAA make to better forecast seasonal 
        weather to improve water management for our agricultural 
        sector?
    Answer. NOAA will prioritize American farmers with its investments 
in better seasonal weather forecasts for agricultural water management.
18. Forecasting
    NOAA plays an important role in providing life-saving forecasts 
during extreme weather in my state, as well as seasonal forecasts that 
farmers and ranchers in Kansas use to manage their water resources.

   Given the advancements in AI and computational sciences--are 
        you aware of opportunities for NOAA to leverage private sector 
        resources to get more value out of our weather data to: a) 
        protect Americans from severe storms and, b) help farmers and 
        ranchers better manage their water resources?
    Answer. Yes. I look forward to learning more about this topic and 
working closely with your office.
19. Space Commerce
    The Department's Office of Space Commerce has the important role of 
``foster[ing] the conditions for the economic growth and technological 
advancement of the U.S. commercial space industry.''

   Under your supervision, how will you organize the Department 
        to enable the robust growth of our innovative commercial space 
        ecosystem?
    Answer. The Department will enable robust growth of our commercial 
space ecosystem by ensuring that our leading domestic space industry is 
not hampered by overly burdensome regulations and has the full support 
of the Administration to ensure American leadership in space continues.
20. Unified Federal Data Privacy Standard
    Given the interconnected nature of commerce today, many small 
businesses face compliance hurdles under our patchwork of more than 20 
separate U.S. privacy laws. Different state laws also create confusion 
for consumers.

   As Commerce Secretary, will you work with Congress on a 
        unified data privacy standard to protect consumers that 
        provides strong protections to Americans and certainty to small 
        businesses?
    Answer. Yes. I am committed to working with Congress on data 
privacy standards and making available the Department's knowledge and 
expertise as needed.
                                 ______
                                 
     Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tim Sheehy to 
                             Howard Lutnick
    Question 1. Montana's Headwaters is one of 31 nationwide leading on 
next-generation technology. It connects entrepreneurs across the state 
and supports good jobs, but it also competes in a national and global 
technological race with foreign adversaries. Will you commit to 
continuing support for Tech Hubs?
    Answer. Yes.

    Question 2. Semiconductor export controls have sometimes harmed 
American companies, including in Montana, and helped foreign entities, 
jeopardizing our technological leadership. Will you review 
semiconductor export control rules to ensure that American companies 
are the ones benefiting?
    Answer. Yes. I will keep in mind all industries and their important 
trading relationships as I work with President Trump to strengthen our 
economy and unleash American energy.

    Question 3. A NOAA report on rebuilding Columbia Basin salmon 
created a new ``harvest'' recovery standard. This standard is an 
unworkable excuse for dam removal and impacts Montana farmers and co-
ops. Will you commit to working with stakeholders to ensure appropriate 
scientific standards?
    Answer. NOAA's work should follow a rigorous application of the 
scientific method.

    Question 4. Refineries in Montana need Canadian crude for diesel 
that is critical to our farmers, ranchers, and truckers. As you 
continue to engage other countries on trade issues, will you keep in 
mind the importance of Canadian crude to states like Montana?
    Answer. Yes.

    Question 5. President Trump is setting a new path for American 
energy abundance. Will you work to ensure the fair treatment of 
American electricity generators by Canadian energy authorities so that 
U.S. energy can access valuable markets?
    Answer. Absolutely.

    Question 6. The global technology race is more expansive than 
semiconductor chips. U.S. companies, including those in Montana, need 
support for multiple forms of advanced technology. Will you work to 
make support initiatives available for more technologies that may not 
fall under existing Federal opportunities?
    Answer. As directed by the Export Control Reform Act, the 
Department will constantly examine critical and emerging technologies 
that may require unilateral or multilateral controls. I look forward to 
working with your office to identify any areas of particular concern to 
you and your constituents.

    Question 7. Sawmills in Montana are subject to unfair competition 
from Canada. Will you prioritize effective enforcement of antidumping 
and countervailing duty laws, and will you hold unfair actors and 
practices accountable?
    Answer. Yes.

    Question 8. Some states have excess BEAD funding, some of which is 
``non-deployment'' funding for social and DEI policies. Other states 
like Montana have infrastructure needs but no excess funding. Will you 
reconsider the use of ``non-deployment'' funds and review BEAD's 
funding allocation framework?
    Answer. Yes. I plan to closely review BEAD funding and ensure 
thoughtful consideration is provided to all states.

    Question 9. The GSP trade program helps allies and improves supply 
chain resilience for critical Montana industries. Will you support GSP 
reauthorization?
    Answer. While Congress is the ultimate decision maker on GSP 
authorization, I look forward to consulting with you as Congress 
considers the future of the program.
                                 ______
                                 
    Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Dan Sullivan to 
                             Howard Lutnick
Alaska Salmon Research Task Force Act:
    Salmon is a way of life in Alaska and a primary food source for 
many in the state. Fisheries closures and depressed stocks shake the 
foundation of our daily lives.
    Luckily, you've got a basis to work on. My Alaska Salmon Research 
Task Force Act was signed into law in 2022 and had NOAA collaborate 
with salmon experts in Alaska to chart a path forward to research why 
we are seeing such decreased abundance of salmon.
    The report was released last summer with suggestions of discrete, 
meaningful research projects that we can undertake to get to the bottom 
of this issue.

    Question 1. Mr. Lutnick, can you commit to working with me to 
prioritize and build upon the work we have started to better understand 
why our salmon runs are decreasing in Alaska?
    Answer. Yes. This is an important issue that I plan to learn more 
about, and I look forward to working with you on this matter.
Consultation:
    Mr. Lutnick, the previous administration had a history of taking 
unilateral executive actions that affected our state--to my count 70--
executive orders and actions that affected Alaska. On the vast majority 
of those, our Congressional delegation nor our state were consulted.

    Question 2. Can you commit to consulting with our office before 
your agency takes any action that would directly affect my state and my 
constituents?
    Answer. Yes. I commit to working with your office on any Alaska-
related issues.
Marine Monuments/Sanctuaries:
    President Biden's Executive Order 14008, Tackling the Climate 
Crisis at Home and Abroad, including his `30 x 30' goal of conserving 
at least 30 percent of U.S. lands and waters by 2030, and other 
subsequent Executive Orders to impose fishing restrictions in Marine 
National Monuments represented a substantial overreach of authority by 
using it to circumvent the Department of Commerce's statutory 
authorities to manage U.S. fisheries.
    Those actions as well as actions he took with respect to National 
Marine Sanctuaries including in his Presidential Memorandum on 
Conserving the Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Pacific Remote 
Islands, would needlessly contribute to the destruction of U.S. 
fisheries that are among the most well managed in the world. Following 
that Presidential Memorandum, NOAA's National Marine Sanctuary Office's 
proposed Pacific Remote Islands National Marine Sanctuary further 
threatens to destroy the tuna fishery-dependent economy of the U.S. 
Territory of American Samoa which is vital to U.S. national security 
interests in the Indo-Pacific region. I should add that President Biden 
also restored Obama-era fishery closures in the Northeast Canyons and 
Seamounts Marine National Monument off New England--fishery closures 
that President Trump reversed in his first term.

    Question 3. Mr. Lutnick, NOAA's management of U.S. fisheries 
pursuant to the Magnuson-Stevens Act may not be perfect--and we are 
always making improvements to it--but U.S. fishery management under 
this statute is by orders of magnitude the most intensive and effective 
in the world. No one--not President Biden nor NOAA's Marine Sanctuary 
Office--should be able to circumvent this well tested process.

    Question 4. Consistent with actions already taken last week by 
President Trump to rescind EO 14008 and other Biden executive orders 
and administrative actions, can we rely on you, Mr. Lutnick, and your 
NOAA Administrator, to work further with the White House to withdraw 
and/or reverse any other administrative actions including unilateral 
closures to U.S. fisheries in Marine National Monuments or National 
Marine Sanctuaries that are harmful to our well managed U.S. fisheries?
    Answer. Yes. I will work with the White House on the administrative 
actions needed to reduce burdens on fishermen and well-managed 
fisheries.
Permitting:
    As you know, Federal permitting and other approvals or requirements 
placed on infrastructure and energy projects has become increasingly 
lengthy and expensive. We have also seen mid-level Federal employees 
able to use these various approvals to increase the cost or totally 
kill important projects that support our economy and wellbeing of the 
American people based on ideology rather than the law and facts on the 
ground. Unfortunately, the National Marine Fisheries Service within the 
Department of Commerce is one of the agencies that I've seen abuse its 
authorities to stall projects or place such costly conditions on them 
that it doesn't make sense to build. As we all work to efficiently and 
affordably develop infrastructure and energy resources, it is essential 
that these regulatory agencies have significant political oversight to 
ensure there is accountability to the American people.

    Question 5. Will you commit to working with me to make sure the 
Department takes steps to insert more common sense and objectivity when 
implementing environmental regulations under its jurisdiction?
    Answer. Yes. The country needs NOAA's regulations to follow good 
science and be supported by scientifically accurate findings.
Technology:
    Data and technology are critical drivers of our Nation's economy, 
and I commend this administration for its focus on unleashing 
technology and innovation. As Alaskans know firsthand, nowhere is this 
more important than in our coasts and oceans. Alaska, with its vast 
coastline and vital maritime industries, faces significant challenges 
due to under-mapped coastlines and seafloors, which increase risks for 
shipping and fishing while limiting opportunities to fully utilize this 
immense resource. Addressing these gaps with better, faster, and more 
cost-effective technologies is essential for unlocking economic 
potential, securing maritime borders, and protecting lives and 
livelihoods.

    Question 6. As Secretary of Commerce, will you commit to empowering 
NOAA to continue its important work in ocean data collection and 
accelerate the deployment of innovative marine technologies to enhance 
economic growth, maritime safety, and national security?
    Answer. Yes. The work NOAA does is very important and should 
continue.
Russian Seafood Reciprocity:
    Russia has banned U.S. seafood from its markets since 2014. 
However, for many years, Russia was not subject to any special import 
duties in the U.S. Meanwhile, Russia has drastically increased seafood 
production since 2022 and is openly working to flood both U.S. and 
global markets with cheap seafood to push out U.S. product.
    All the while, our hardworking fishermen could not export a single 
fish to Russia. For nearly 10 years we allowed them to do this and for 
years, I advocated to address this asymmetrical and very unfair trade 
relationship. I was finally successful in getting the previous 
Administration to issue a couple of executive orders to put a stop to 
this and restore reciprocity. If we can't enter the Russian market, 
they shouldn't be able to flood ours.
    EO 14068 in 2022 banned imports of Russian seafood. However, Russia 
found a loophole by laundering their seafood through China to 
circumvent the ban. EO 14114 in 2023 closed this loophole and made it 
abundantly clear than any seafood harvested in Russia is banned from 
import into the U.S.--even if it goes through processing in another 
country.
    Russia is our biggest competitor in a lot of the seafood market, 
and just like China, they don't play fair.

    Question 7. Mr. Lutnick, will you commit to keeping these 
reciprocal executive orders--EO 14068 and EO 14114--in place? They are 
critical to keeping our seafood trade fair.
    Answer. I am fully committed to protecting Alaskan fishermen from 
unfair trade practices and will work with your office on best 
approaches to achieve our shared goals.
Alaska Seafood Industry Roundtable:
    Mr. Lutnick, I cannot overemphasize how dire the situation for our 
seafood industry currently is. We are in serious decline and have lost 
over $4 billion in revenue in just the last few years. Much of this 
comes down to poor trade deals and our competitors not playing fair.
    There is extensive reporting on why we are struggling to compete. 
Russia, at a government level, has made it a goal to push American 
producers out of the market. They are heavily subsidizing their fishing 
industry and their sustainability record pales in comparison to the 
United States' gold standard. China is even worse. Illegal, unreported, 
and unregulated (IUU) fishing runs rampant in the Chinese sector, and 
even worse, there are innumerable documented reports of forced labor 
within their industry--particularly in processing.
    Our hardworking Americans simply cannot compete in the market 
against countries who are disregarding our environmental standards and 
using forced labor. During the last administration, I organized a 
roundtable with our seafood industry leaders and Secretary Raimondo. 
During that meeting, Secretary Raimondo committed to working with us to 
implement a strategy to:

  1.  Align G7 nations on economic sanctions against Russian-harvested 
        seafood;

  2.  Establish fair terms of trade in global seafood markets;

  3.  Accelerate fisheries science and management;

  4.  Incentivize investment in modernizing the U.S. seafood supply 
        chain; and

  5.  Fully integrate seafood into domestic food security initiatives.

    Question 8. Will you allow me to organize another roundtable for 
you so that you can hear firsthand how we can return to being a seafood 
powerhouse?
    Answer. Yes. I look forward to working with you on this issue.
National Energy Council:
    I recognize that the upstream side of LNG and other Alaskan energy 
is not directly within your responsibility at the Department of 
Commerce, but I want to bring attention to how important your role in 
this space is.
    As I mentioned earlier, the President's executive orders made it 
very clear that we have an energy emergency in this country and that it 
is the policy of the United States to avail itself of Alaska's 
resources to help overcome this.
    A huge part of pulling us out of this energy emergency is going to 
be creating strong and fair trade agreements. We saw the disastrous 
efforts of the previous administration to block LNG exports, and we 
cannot have a repeat of that.

    Question 9. The President's newly created National Energy Council 
is going to be critical in forming good policy that will unleash our 
resources. I think it would be important for you to have a seat on that 
Council. Mr. Lutnick, would you be interested in getting onto the 
President's National Energy Council?
    Answer. I am interested in serving the President in any capacity he 
sees fit.
Marine Stewardship Council:
    Mr. Lutnick, you may be aware of the London-based Marine 
Stewardship Council (MSC). It provides the blue check you might see on 
seafood in the grocery store. That blue check is supposed to signify 
that the seafood comes from fisheries that adhere to the highest 
standards of sustainability and responsible management.
    However, the MSC has come under intense scrutiny in recent years 
for certifying undeserving seafood products. Most troubling is the 
MSC's continuing certification of Russian fisheries. Use of the blue 
check on seafood from MSC-certified Russian fisheries generates many 
millions of dollars in revenue every year for the MSC. The MSC has 
chosen to maintain those certificates despite fatal problems with the 
third-party auditing process in Russia and serious and growing problems 
with Russian fisheries management.

    Question 10. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, will you ensure that the 
Federal government provides no direct or indirect support for the MSC's 
certification of Russian seafood?
    Answer. I commit to working with your office to ensure that 
American seafood adheres to the highest standards of sustainability and 
responsible management.
China Phase One Agreement:
    We all know that China lies and does not follow through on its 
promises--what I refer to as promise fatigue. During President Trump's 
first term, I worked closely with him and his team on the first phase 
of the Economic and Trade Agreement Between the United States of 
American and the People's Republic of China. Under that agreement, 
China was supposed to double its purchases of American seafood over 4 
years, moving from about an $800 million baseline in 2017 and amounting 
to about $400 million annually.
    For the first two years after the agreement, China's purchases 
actually decreased. Four years later, their purchases are still about 
7.8 percent below pre-COVID levels. This latest lie from the Chinese 
government is dramatically hurting our hardworking American fishermen.

    Question 11. Mr. Lutnick, if you end up reengaging on China on this 
issue, will you commit to bringing this up and pushing to hold the 
Chinese to their end of the agreement?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will ensure the Department takes a 
holistic approach in addressing the U.S.-China trading relationship, 
including consideration of past practices and behaviors by the Chinese 
government. I will work diligently to ensure our trading partners fully 
comply with all terms of our agreements.
NMFS in the Department of Commerce:
    There is concern among fishermen in the North Pacific about an idea 
involving moving NMFS to the Department of the Interior. The first time 
I heard this suggestion was 15 years ago from President Obama.
    Due to opposition from me and others, that proposal went away. For 
better or worse, NMFS has been managing our fisheries for over 50 years 
at this point, and the Magnuson-Stevens Act directs the Department of 
Commerce to do so.
    While I fully support efforts to streamline our agencies to more 
efficiently serve the American people, I want to make sure the people 
who have Federal fisheries expertise--and can help us in the trade 
world--remain the ones working on the issue.

    Question 12. Is it your intention to keep NOAA and the National 
Marine Fisheries Service under the Department of Commerce?
    Answer. Yes.
FirstNet:
    First Responder Network Authority, commonly referred to as 
FirstNet, was created in response to the communication failures 
experienced by first responders during and after the 9/11 attacks. 
Through a unique public-private partnership recommended by the 9/11 
Commission and established during the first Trump administration, the 
U.S. has built a nationwide, interoperable high-speed wireless network 
dedicated to first responders--without relying on taxpayer dollars or 
congressional appropriations.
    While FirstNet has a service provider under contract through 2042, 
the authority for FirstNet expires in 2027. The potential sunset of the 
authority puts this public safety network service at risk, and 
threatens access to billions in network investments associated with 
this public-private partnership.

    Question 13. Given FirstNet's proven effectiveness in aiding first 
responders during hurricanes, critical incidents like the Butler, 
Pennsylvania assassination attempt on President Trump, and other 
significant events, will you commit to working with Congress to 
reauthorize the FirstNet Authority before it expires?
    Answer. Yes. I commit to working with Congress on issues regarding 
FirstNet.
Broadband Equity Access and Deployment (BEAD) Program/LEOs:
    In October, NTIA announced that Alaska will be obligated over $1 
billion. I am sure you have seen the criticisms that have been made 
that the Biden Administration layered on requirements that are beyond 
the law in the BEAD NOFO. I understand that the new Administration will 
be reconfiguring the requirements for the BEAD program. I ask that as 
Commerce reworks the requirements, that we don't lose pace with 
implementation. We have great needs in Alaska with unserved areas.
    I want to flag that there is not as much Low Earth Orbit satellite 
coverage in Alaska as the rest of the continental U.S. Our constituents 
appreciate Starlink in many circumstances, including when there are 
service disruptions associated with fiber, but the connection is not 
consistent and reliable yet and cannot cover the state with the current 
coverage.

    Question 14. Starlink may be appropriate for certain remote areas, 
but the state still lacks basic connectivity, including middle mile. 
Will you assure me that Commerce not rely on Starlink in Alaska as a 
solution to all our problems?
    Answer. I commit to working with your office on pursuing the most 
efficient and effective solutions for Alaskans.
U.S. Leadership in Innovation
    The Commerce Department plays a critical role in standing up for 
U.S. companies and promoting U.S. technology leadership globally. 
American technology innovators are at the forefront of the AI race, and 
it's important that we stand up for them against discriminatory 
policies from our allies, particularly the European Union, that could 
undermine trusted U.S. innovation and infrastructure.

    Question 15. As Secretary of Commerce, will you ensure that U.S. 
companies are best positioned to continue leading the world in AI and 
other emerging technologies?
    Answer. Yes. I am committed to not only maintaining, but growing, 
U.S. leadership in AI and other emerging technologies.
Iran
    One of the most important functions of the Commerce Department, 
often overlooked, is the enforcement of U.S. export laws. The 
Department plays a key role in preventing the illicit exports of U.S. 
technology to Iran, China, Russia and other adversaries. Iran, in 
particular, has long sought to acquire sensitive military hardware from 
the United States through the use of front companies and other schemes 
meant to avoid detection. This problem is highlighted by the drones 
Iran is making with American parts that are being used to attack 
American personnel and our allies.

    Question 16. If confirmed, what steps will you undertake to enforce 
U.S. export restrictions and stop the flow of U.S. goods and technology 
to Iran?
    Answer. I intend for strong enforcement to be a hallmark of my 
tenure. Part of that will mean proper resourcing for the Department's 
enforcement teams.

    Question 17. Will you commit to ensure Iranian-backed entities do 
not circumvent U.S. export laws through third-party front companies and 
other schemes to avoid detection?
    Answer. Yes. Fighting circumvention is critical to the Department's 
mission.

    Question 18. If confirmed, will you commit to help Middle Eastern 
countries crack down on illicit exports to Iran, both exports of 
sensitive materials as well as consumer products with U.S. components?
    Answer. Yes. International partners are an important part of the 
Department's ability to enforce export controls and catch bad actors.

    Question 19. If confirmed, what more do you believe can be done to 
address illicit Iranian exports to China and Russia, as well as re-
exports to Iran?
    Answer. This question will be answered through the America First 
Trade Policy Presidential Memorandum. I do not want to get ahead of 
this report to President Trump, but rest assured we will take swift and 
strong action in due course.
Boycotts of Israel
    The Commerce Department is responsible for enforcing U.S. anti-
boycott laws, which discourage and, in some circumstances, prohibit 
U.S. companies from furthering the boycott of Israel fostered by 
foreign countries. Unfortunately, there has been a surge in foreign 
boycott activity targeting Israel in the wake of October 7th.

    Question 20. Unfortunately, there has been a surge in foreign 
boycott activity targeting Israel in the wake of the October 7th 
attacks. If confirmed, will you ensure full enforcement of U.S. anti-
boycott laws and regulations?
    Answer. Yes.

    Question 21. In your engagements with countries that support 
boycotts of Israel, will you make it a priority to encourage them to 
end such support?
    Answer. Yes.

    Question 22. Current U.S. anti-boycott laws only apply to 
unsanctioned foreign boycotts imposed or fostered by foreign countries. 
Would you commit to working with Congress to clarify our anti-boycott 
laws to make explicit that cooperation with boycotts fostered by 
international governmental organizations, like the U.N. Human Rights 
Council, is not permitted?
    Answer. I will ensure the Department is available to offer 
technical assistance with drafting updated legislation.

    Question 23. I am concerned that Environmental, Social, and 
Governance (ESG) rating are encouraging boycotts of Israel by 
downgrading companies doing business in Israel.
    Would you be open to having the Office of Anti-Boycott Compliance 
look at the issue of ESG rating firms and determine how Federal anti-
boycott statutes may apply to the work of these firms--or pressure 
imposed by the ESG ratings entities?
    Answer. Yes. I am open to having the Department's Office of Anti-
Boycott Compliance review this issue.

    Question 24. The United States and Israel have an important, 
longstanding economic relationship. If confirmed, will you commit to 
work to deepen and expand that relationship?
    Answer. The Department has numerous tools at its disposal to even 
further deepen our economic ties through promotion of bilateral trade 
and investment. The Department can also look into ways for our 
intellectual property and scientific communities to collaborate further 
through USPTO and NIST.
Abraham Accords:
    President Trump achieved a historic accomplishment with the 2020 
Abraham Accords. The agreements saw normalization between Israel and 
some of our regional partners in the Middle East. The Abraham Accords 
have vast economic potential that could positively impact the region 
and the United States. However, over the past couple of years, efforts 
to expand the Abraham Accords have stalled.

    Question 25. As Secretary of Commerce, will you commit to work to 
expand and deepen the economic and trade aspects of the Abraham 
Accords, and will you seek opportunities to expand the value of 
regional cooperation among the United States, Israel and other partners 
in the Middle East and North Africa?
    Answer. While the Abraham Accords have many moving parts, what will 
strengthen them in the long term is economic normalization, bilateral 
trade, and investment. The Department, through its Foreign Commercial 
Service, is well-positioned to promote and facilitate the strong 
economic ties that will lead to peace and prosperity throughout the 
region.
Spectrum:
    Question 26. The Biden's Administration's so-called National 
Spectrum Strategy was an utter failure. All it did was kick the 
spectrum can down the road by not identifying a single megahertz of 
mid-band spectrum for reallocation for commercial licensed use. Do you 
agree that any spectrum strategy adopted by the Commerce Department 
during your tenure must actually identify spectrum for reallocation 
rather than just study bands without any conclusion?
    Answer. I commit to working with agency counterparts to find the 
most efficient actions for spectrum opportunities for commercial use.

    Question 27. Do you agree that beating China in the global 5G race 
is critical to both U.S. national security and economic security?
    Answer. Yes, I fully agree.
                                 ______
                                 
     Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Todd Young to 
                             Howard Lutnick
    Mr. Lutnick, the idea for the CHIPS program originated during 
President Trump's first term and we were able to continue that effort 
and get the CHIPS & Science Act signed into law a couple years ago. 
Since then, we have made great progress implementing the program via 
the CHIPS Program Office and taking the first vital steps towards 
reshoring and onshoring the semiconductor manufacturing base in the 
United States. In fact, we are now the only country that can say it is 
home to chip fabs for all five leading-edge semiconductor companies. I 
look forward to working with you to continue and--where possible--
improve upon this good work.

    Question 1. What are your views on the CHIPS program and will you 
commit to honoring existing CHIPS agreements to ensure stability for 
this growing industry that is critical to our national security?
    Answer. I recognize that semiconductors are essential to our 
national security and economic and technological competitiveness. I 
look forward to reviewing the investments made to date and working to 
ensure that, moving forward, Americans are getting the best deal to 
ensure stability for this important industry.
    Mr. Lutnick, the Regional Tech Hubs program is another top priority 
of mine, and securing additional funding will remain a priority, along 
with other important unfunded sections of the ``and Science'' portion 
of the bill. To date, the Department of Commerce has designated 31 Tech 
Hubs and selected another 29 to receive strategy development grants. Of 
the designated Hubs, 18 have received implementation funding so far. 
One of those 18--Heartland BioWorks--is aiming to transform Central 
Indiana into a global leader in biotechnology and biomanufacturing. 
Like other tech hubs, they are doing so by leveraging the region's 
research institutions, venture ecosystem, logistics infrastructure, and 
established manufacturing presence.

    Question 2. If confirmed, will you commit to continuing the 
Department's support for the Regional Tech Hubs program?
    Answer. I recognize the importance of the Tech Hubs program and 
look forward to closely reviewing the program and staying in contact 
with your office to ensure that the American people are getting the 
benefit of the bargain.
                                 ______
                                 
      Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Ted Budd to 
                             Howard Lutnick
    Question 1. Are you concerned that the latest Department of 
Commerce AI diffusion interim final rule published on January 13th, 
2025--which places export quotas on compute power to 150 nations--could 
cede technology leadership and market share for U.S. companies in key 
economies, including allies and partners?
    Answer. I understand the America First Trade Policy Presidential 
Memorandum directs the Department to assess this and other matters and 
prepare a report to the President. As I have not been confirmed, I 
cannot speak to those efforts. Moreover, I should not get ahead of that 
process. These issues are a top priority.

    Question 2. Last year de minimis shipments into the U.S. totaled a 
record 1.4 billion individual packages mainly from China. There are 
concerns that this volume is being used as a work around for Section 
301 countervailing duties. Other countries have either closed or are in 
the process of closing this loophole.
    North Carolina's textile manufacturers are being undermined in 
particular, as de minimis has contributed to 26 textile plant closures 
in the past 18 months. Will President Trump consider taking executive 
action to close this loophole?
    Answer. I cannot speak for President Trump. I understand the 
Department is currently studying these issues pursuant to the America 
First Trade Policy Presidential Memorandum.

    Question 3. Have you reviewed the EU Deforestation-free Regulation 
and are you aware of the very prescriptive reporting requirements this 
regulation will impose on the American forest products industry with no 
benefit to meeting the intent of the regulation?
    Answer. I am aware of the strict reporting requirements of the EU 
Deforestation-free Regulation and the prescriptive reporting 
requirements it will impose on the American forest products industry.

    Question 4. To that end, do you believe this regulation and the 
technical trade barriers it poses for United States industry, 
particularly when you think about the number of small, private, 
landowners in the United States compared to countries in the EU and 
countries like China, rise to the level of what President Trump's 
America First Trade Policy Executive order asked for in terms of 
reports, reviews and investigations?
    Answer. I am concerned about the technical barriers to trade posed 
by the EUDR and its impact on the American forest products industry. 
Upon confirmation, I will direct my staff to review the impact of the 
EUDR as part of the reports and reviews the Department will conduct 
pursuant to the President Trump's America First Trade Policy 
Presidential Memorandum.

    Question 5. EUDR has a risk component to it--requiring the EU 
government to perform a risk assessment of all countries shipping 
products into the EU to establish them as Low, Medium, or High risk of 
deforestation.
    a. The United States is by far the gold standard across the entire 
world for forest management and responsible fiber sourcing. The EU's 
own studies show this, as well as third-party certifications throughout 
the world. Yet, the EU has an opportunity to pick winners and losers 
based on this assessment. Do you think the United States should be 
identified as a low-risk country for deforestation and if so, shouldn't 
these complex requirements be dropped for the U.S. if they are indeed 
low risk?
    Answer. Given our strong anti-deforestation measures in the United 
States, I do believe that exports from the United States should be 
considered low-risk and would support efforts to reduce complex 
requirements.

    Question 6. How can the U.S. forest products industry engage with 
your department and your team to bring more detail to light on this 
problematic regulation and ensure that Europe's green deal politics are 
not further harming American businesses?
    Answer. The Department of Commerce should engage with the U.S. 
forest products industry. Upon confirmation, I will welcome additional 
insights from the industry about any problems posed by the EUDR and 
other foreign policies and regulations.

    Question 7. In 2022 the Mexican army invaded and shut down Vulcan's 
world class operations and in September the Government expropriated 
their property--the Biden administration did hardly anything to stand 
up for the blatant mistreatment of an American company that was 
supplying building materials to the U.S.
    I have been working with my colleagues here in the Senate to ensure 
Mexico faces consequences for their egregious actions. Mr. Lutnick, 
could you explain how Mexico's actions toward companies like Vulcan 
harm our trade relationship and outline steps you could take as 
Secretary to pressure Mexico to stop this harmful behavior?
    Answer. I will stand up for American companies whenever improper 
actions are taken against them by foreign governments. I look forward 
to working with you to address this particular situation.

    Question 8. Last year, the European Parliament and Council approved 
a ``Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive,'' commonly known 
now as ``CS3D.'' It's another example of Europe's long tradition of 
left-wing regulatory overreach--but one that carries severe 
implications in seeking to level the playing field for European 
businesses competing with U.S. businesses and others around the world. 
It forces some stringent requirements on U.S. businesses. Are you 
familiar with the EU's CS3D law?
    Answer. Yes, I am familiar with the Corporate Sustainability Due 
Diligence Directive.

    Question 9. How would you, in your position as Commerce Secretary, 
engage with your counterparts in Europe on CS3D? The Biden 
Administration did practically nothing--effectively ceding legislative 
and regulatory authority to European bureaucrats. What can the Commerce 
Department in the Trump Administration do to oppose this sort of 
intrusive, extraterritorial regulatory scheme that will harm U.S. 
businesses in the pursuit of European ESG policies?
    Answer. The CS3D is a serious concern for American industry and the 
American economy. The Department and its interagency partners have a 
wide range of trade tools at their disposal to address unfair and 
unreasonable trade practices, and I look forward to working with you to 
find practicable solutions.

    Question 10. The European Union's Corporate Sustainability Due 
Diligence Directive (CS3D) that was recently adopted by the EU, will 
impose significant costs on thousands of U.S. companies doing business 
in Europe. This comes at a time when U.S. exports of natural gas are 
keeping the heat on in Europe this winter because the regulatory 
structure there has caused companies to flee. Yet the EU is attempting 
to harm the competitive advantages of U.S. companies by forcing them to 
comply with CS3D. What will you do as Commerce Secretary to ensure that 
the U.S. government delivers the most robust of responses against CS3D 
implementation--or implementation of any similar extraterritorial 
legislation enacted by a foreign government with implications for U.S. 
businesses?
    Answer. The extensive scope and burdensome regulations in CS3D is a 
real concern for American industry and the American economy. I will 
support engagement with the EU and consider using all available trade 
tools at our disposal, as appropriate, to respond to EU regulations 
that harm the American economy and impose unreasonable burdens on our 
companies.

    Question 11. Will you commit to reviewing the Bureau of Industry 
and Security's ``Revision of Firearms License Requirements'' Interim 
Final Rule?
    Answer. Yes.
                                 ______
                                 
    Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Eric Schmitt to 
                             Howard Lutnick
    Question 1. The previous administration changed our export policy 
on domestically manufactured items that, despite the justification to 
the contrary, hurt our allies and cost U.S. manufacturers and exporters 
hundreds of millions of dollars annually. Will you commit to reviewing 
the Bureau of Industry and Security's ``Revision of Firearms License 
Requirements'' Interim Final Rule and revert back to the previous 
policy if indeed your findings confirm what I've just told you?
    Answer. Yes. Upon confirmation, I will ensure the Department 
reviews this policy and takes appropriate action.

    Question 2. As Secretary of Commerce, what are your priorities for 
supporting travel to and within the United States, especially 
considering major upcoming tourism events like the World Cup and other 
events in Missouri?
    Answer. As Secretary of Commerce, I plan to promote America's 
cities and events to the fullest extent. Events, such as the FIFA World 
Cup in 2026, provide incredible opportunities to highlight American 
spirit and enterprise in places such as Missouri.
    I will support efforts to promote tourism and travel to the United 
States, including by supporting key industries, such as the aerospace 
industry and our services industries, that are essential to these 
efforts. I am also fully supportive of President Trump's efforts to 
make America safe, which will support travel and tourism.

    Question 3. The European Union's Corporate Sustainability Due 
Diligence Directive (CS3D) which was recently adopted by the EU, will 
impose significant costs on thousands of U.S. companies doing business 
in Europe. This is a classic example of government overreach that 
essentially allows the EU to regulate U.S. companies by imposing high 
fines on companies and supply chains not located in Europe.

   Will you commit to ensuring that U.S. companies are not 
        regulated by Europe with unrealistic directives like CS3D?
    Answer. I will support engagement with our EU colleagues and 
consider using all available trade tools, as needed, to respond to the 
EU's regulations that harm the American economy.

   When it comes to global bodies like the EU imposing costly 
        regulations on U.S.-based companies, what role should American 
        officials play?
    Answer. American officials should consider using all available 
trade tools, as needed, to respond to the EU's regulations that harm 
the American economy.

   Would you support legislation or Executive action that would 
        make it illegal for U.S. companies to comply with this EU 
        directive?
    Answer. I look forward to working on any efforts to prevent overly 
burdensome regulations that negatively impact U.S. companies.

    Question 4. Unfortunately, Rural America has often been left behind 
in economic development initiatives. What steps will you take to ensure 
that rural communities, like those in Missouri, benefit from President 
Trump's pro-growth policies?
    Answer. Rural America has far too often been left behind in 
economic development throughout the history of our country. Upon 
confirmation, I will prioritize rural communities. I plan to work with 
your office and other members of Congress to ensure that President 
Trump's pro-growth agenda directly benefits these communities and 
allows them to flourish.

    Question 5. Missouri is home to key semiconductor facilities like 
MEMC and Brewer Science, with MEMC investing $300 million in its new 
semiconductor plant. Will you commit to visiting my home state with me 
and working to expand Missouri's role in AI, quantum computing, and 
other advanced technologies?
    Answer. Yes. I commit to visiting Missouri with you and working 
with you to expand Missouri's role in AI, quantum computing, and other 
advanced technologies.
                                 ______
                                 
Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Shelley Moore Capito to 

                             Howard Lutnick
WV's BEAD Status
    In our December meeting, we discussed the BEAD program. It is 
critical for getting broadband access to over 98,000 locations that are 
currently unserved.
    My state has jumped through all the hoops and done everything right 
from the start, and now they are on the cusp of getting $1.2 billion 
this spring and finally having shovels in the ground.
    I think the Biden Administration added a lot of nonsense that 
Congress did not intend to the program--like labor requirements and 
strict financial requirements--this red tape is why 3 years after it 
became law not a single location has been connected yet.
    I am supportive of changes that would increase the flexibility of 
these dollars to make broadband deployment faster and easier for states 
like mine, but I DO NOT want West Virginia's 3 years of hard work to be 
wasted, if they have to start over at square 1 under changes that your 
department could make.

    Question 1. Can you commit to me that any changes your Department 
makes to the BEAD program will only make it easier to get West 
Virginians connected going forward with this money?
    Answer. The BEAD program should operate efficiently and effectively 
to allow West Virginians and all Americans to get the benefit of the 
bargain that Congress intended. Upon confirmation, I will focus on this 
key objective.
Canada Trade
    February 1 is approaching--a deadline President Trump has mentioned 
for imposing 25 percent tariffs on Canada and Mexico. During President 
Trump's first term, he and his administration negotiated the successful 
implementation of the United States Mexico Canada Agreement (USMCA) 
which resulted in China falling to the U.S.'s number three trade 
partner behind both of our North American neighbors. West Virginia's 
number one export market is Canada now.
    While there are aspects of USMCA and trade policies with our North 
American trade partners that need to be addressed, I am concerned about 
the effect potential blanket tariffs will have on my State's economy.
    For example, West Virginia is home to a Toyota plant in Buffalo, 
that manufactures combined engines and transmissions which are then 
sent to Canada for production.
    412,000 vehicles imported from Canada to the U.S. include the West 
Virginia manufactured engines. You have highlighted that the 
Administration won't raise prices on products made in the United 
States.

    Question 2. Do you agree that tariffs placed on foreign goods may 
also encompass components of those goods that are manufactured in the 
United States including a potential decrease of West Virginia-made 
exports?
    Answer. USMCA enjoyed broad bipartisan support in Congress. 
Automobiles and automobile parts are a critical part of this agreement, 
which ultimately has to work for American manufacturing and American 
workers. Upon confirmation, I look forward to working with you and your 
staff on these issues.
West Virginia Economic Development Representative
    I strongly support the Economic Development Administration's (EDA) 
effort to promote access to its economic development assistance 
programs through the use of Economic Development Representatives (EDRs) 
in under-resourced communities. West Virginia previously had a 
dedicated West Virginia based EDR whose efforts made a tremendous 
impact in my state, but who retired in 2024. EDA assured me of their 
commitment to fill this vacancy and was in the process of filling it. 
President Trump issued a ``Hiring Freeze'' Presidential Memorandum that 
applies to vacant positions if an offer was not made before January 20, 
2025 and had a start date on or before February 8, 2025, resulting in 
the remaining vacancy for this critical position to my state.

    Question 3. Can you commit to filling this position as quickly as 
possible?
    Answer. I commit to working with your office on this issue.
West Virginia Tech Hub
    The Tech Hubs Program, created by the bipartisan CHIPS-Plus Act, is 
a two-phase competition that provides direct investment to 
geographically diverse regions to drive regional technology-and 
innovation-centric growth by strengthening a region's capacity to 
manufacture, commercialize, and deploy critical technologies. The 
program requires that at least one-third of Tech Hub grants and 
designations must ``significantly benefit a small and rural 
community''.
    In 2023, West Virginia submitted three applications for a Tech Hub 
but was not awarded a Phase 1 designation. One of the applicants, WV 
Tech Strategy Development Consortium in Charleston, WV received a 
planning grant that concludes in April and the Consortium has worked 
diligently to create a stronger application for the program. The 
consortium is well suited to further the Tech Hub program's mission.

    Question 4. If this program is reauthorized, will you commit to 
making improvements to prioritize rural applicants, including for the 
West Virginia Digital Identity Tech Hub?
    Answer. I recognize the importance of rural America and how these 
regions have not been fairly treated in the past. I commit to working 
with your office to ensure rural applicants receive thoughtful 
consideration.
Tech Company Fairness
    President Trump's ``America First'' policies emphasize protecting 
American economic interests and ensuring fair treatment of U.S. 
companies in the global marketplace.
    I am increasingly concerned with efforts by some of America's 
closest allies, particularly the European Union, to enact digital 
policies that target the most innovative U.S. tech companies.

    Question 5. As Secretary of Commerce, would you work to ensure 
American companies are treated fairly and that we continue to lead the 
world in innovation?
    Answer. Yes.
                                 ______
                                 
   Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Maria Cantwell to 
                             Howard Lutnick
    AI Export Controls. American national security and competitiveness 
depend on having AI export controls in place that protect our country 
and can be fully implemented by the private sector. The U.S. Department 
of Commerce must closely coordinate with the U.S. private sector and 
U.S. Allies.

    Question 1. How will you ensure we get export controls on AI right 
and are focused on the most current threats?
    Answer. The America First Trade Policy Presidential Memorandum 
directs the Department to assess this and other matters and prepare a 
report to the President. As I have not been confirmed, I cannot speak 
to those efforts. These issues are a top priority for me.

    Question 2. Are you reviewing the Biden administration's AI export 
control rule as part of the larger review of export control regimes and 
how will you take stakeholder inputs received during the current 120-
day public comment period into account?
    Answer. The America First Trade Policy Presidential Memorandum 
directs the Department to assess this issue and other matters and 
prepare a report to the President. Upon confirmation, I will take 
appropriate action in due course.

    Question 3. What do you anticipate will happen with this AI export 
control rule?
    Answer. As I have not been confirmed, I am not in a position to 
predict the outcome of this rule.

    Question 4. Mr. Lutnick, former Secretary Raimondo said last year 
that the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), the agency responsible 
for implementing and enforcing export controls, has the same budget 
that it did a decade ago, despite having twice as many licensing 
requests. Do you believe that BIS needs more resources to improve fair 
and transparent export control enforcement?
    Answer. President Donald J. Trump consistently requested increased 
funding for BIS during his first four years in the Presidential Budget. 
Proper resourcing is critical to our export control and enforcement 
regime. I look forward to working with Congress to determine the 
appropriate level of funding to ensure BIS can execute its mission.

    CHIPS Program Research & Development. In addition to the CHIPS 
Incentives Program, Congress created several programs funded by the $11 
billion CHIPS and Science appropriation provided to NIST to ensure U.S. 
leadership in semiconductor R&D, and to develop the workforce required 
to domestically manufacture legacy, advanced, and next-generation 
semiconductors.

    Question 5. Do you support continuing NIST programs focused on 
semiconductor R&D and workforce initiatives to maintain United States 
leadership in lab to market microelectronics innovation?
    Answer. Research and development are critical to any technological 
leadership. I look forward to working with and reviewing the 
semiconductor R&D teams and programs at NIST to ensure that they can 
most effectively support continued innovation and advancement in 
microelectronics.

    Economic Development Administration (EDA)/Tech Hubs. The Economic 
Development Administration (EDA) is charged with investing in local 
communities to encourage and enable growth and innovation in the 
private sector, with particular focus on distressed or underserved 
areas. One of the investments currently managed by EDA is the Tech Hubs 
program, established by the CHIPS and Science Act, which represents a 
historic opportunity to strengthen American technological leadership 
and create thousands of high-paying jobs across the country. Project 
2025 proposes to abolish the EDA and reallocate its funding to other 
overlapping Federal grant programs.

    Question 6. Do you agree with this recommendation? If so, how will 
you and the Administration meet the Congressional intent of the Chips 
and Science Act to administer a Tech Hubs program that is vital to 
economic and national security and has already awarded grants to 18 of 
31 designated regional tech hubs?
    Answer. In meeting with Members of the Committee, I have learned 
the important role that Tech Hubs play in boosting American technology 
leadership. Upon confirmation, I will review the Tech Hubs program to 
ensure that it operates in the most efficient and effective manner 
possible.

    Project 2025 Recommendation Regarding NIST Manufacturing Extension 
Partnership Program. CHIPS and Science increased funding for our 
successful Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) program, which 
works with small manufacturing companies to assist small-and medium-
sized manufacturers by supporting workforce training and supply chain 
resiliency. Washington's own MEP Center, IMPACT Washington, has helped 
over 1,500 small businesses create and retain over 15,000 jobs, and has 
saved these businesses over $286 million since its establishment in 
1997. In Project 2025, the authors propose zeroing out this program and 
privatizing existing centers.

    Question 7. Do you believe in privatizing the Manufacturing 
Extension Partnership program and eliminating Federal funding?
    Answer. I appreciate the valuable work the MEP program has done to 
advance American manufacturing. As with any program, I will review the 
MEP closely to ensure that it is operating efficiently and effectively.

    NIST/AI and Quantum. The Commerce Department plays a prominent role 
in advancing critical and emerging technologies such as artificial 
intelligence, quantum, advanced manufacturing, and biotechnology 
through investing in fundamental research and development (``R&D'') at 
agencies like NIST, NTIA, and NOAA, as well as developing global 
technology standards through the U.S. AI Safety Institute at NIST. Last 
year, I introduced the Future of AI Innovation Act with Senator Young 
and some of my other colleagues that would ensure that the U.S. leads 
on AI reliability and transparency, as well as mitigating potential 
national security risks from AI, by authorizing this AI Safety 
Institute. I also introduced the National Quantum Initiative 
Reauthorization, where NIST plays a leading role in advancing the U.S. 
in the global race for quantum technology.

    Question 8. Will you prioritize the development of quantum 
technology at the Department of Commerce? Will you support my National 
Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act?
    Answer. U.S. leadership on quantum technology is vital to our 
national and economic security. Upon confirmation, I will review your 
National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act, and I commit to 
working with you and your staff on this important goal.

    Question 9. Will you support continued focus by NIST on promotion 
of AI standards and developing testing for AI reliability and safety? 
Will you work with me, Senator Young, and Chair Cruz as we consider 
legislation to authorize the work that needs to continue to be done in 
this area?
    Answer. I believe that NIST should ensure American leadership on AI 
standards. I commit to working with you, Senator Young, and Chairman 
Cruz as you consider legislation.

    Office of Space Commerce. The Office of Space Commerce is currently 
within NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information 
Service (NESDIS). Project 2025 suggests returning OSC to the Office of 
the Secretary, where it began decades ago, and directing the Office, 
working with the National Space Council, to establish a whole-of-
government policy for licensing and oversight of commercial space 
operations. At the end of last year, the Senate passed legislation that 
would elevate the Office to an independent bureau within the 
department, and consistent with policy established in the first Trump 
Administration, granted the office legal responsibility for providing 
basic space situational awareness (SSA) data and services to civil and 
private space operators.

    Question 10. Do you support elevating the Office of Space Commerce 
within DOC?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to reviewing OSC's 
mission and position within the Department and receiving your input.

    Question 11. Do you believe this would strengthen the global 
competitiveness of the U.S. space industry?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will make the global competitiveness 
of the U.S. space industry a distinct priority.

    Question 12. If elevated, how would you allocate resources and set 
priorities to enable the Office of Space Commerce to effectively 
oversee and promote commercial space activities and provide basic space 
situational awareness (SSA) capability?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to reviewing OSC's 
mission and position within the Department and receiving your input.

    Workforce Development: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) 
initiatives have been integral to fostering inclusive workplaces within 
Federal agencies. However, recent executive actions have mandated the 
termination of DEI programs within Federal agencies, placing associated 
staff on paid leave and reversing efforts aimed at diversifying the 
Federal workforce.

    Question 13. Considering these developments, how do you plan to 
advance diversity, equity, and inclusion within the Department of 
Commerce and create a more inclusive workplace?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, one of my priorities will be to ensure 
that the Department's workforce is the envy of the world. In advancing 
that mission, I will follow President Donald J. Trump's executive 
orders to the fullest extent of the law.

    Importance of MBDA. Mr. Lutnick, you sign the annual reports (10-
Ks) for Newmark Group, where you serve as Executive Chairman and where 
according to the 2023 10-K, you spent 33 percent of your time. The 2023 
10-K describes Newmark Group's commitment to diversity and inclusion, 
noting that Newmark is committed to policies that ``seek to further our 
development of a diverse and inclusive workplace''. The 10-K further 
notes that Newmark Group is an investor in a minority-owned business 
enterprise, E Smith Advisors.

    Question 14. Mr. Lutnick, as Secretary of Commerce, will you commit 
to supporting and sustaining the Minority Business Development Agency 
to support minority-owned businesses, particularly those who have faced 
obstacles accessing credit?
    Answer. While I have testified about my priorities if confirmed, it 
is premature to discuss any specific recommendations before engaging 
with NOAA and the Office of Management and Budget. Additionally, at 
this time, it would be premature for me to comment on specific policy 
commitments before I have a chance to confer with the Department and 
the President. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with you on 
these issues. Growing all American businesses--small, medium, and 
large--is among my top goals. Upon confirmation, I will review how the 
MBDA can meet its mission in the most efficient and effective manner 
possible.

    Pebble Mine. The Pebble Mine has been a major concern of this 
office for many years because of its risk to the Bristol Bay fishery. 
The last three Administrations have denied it a permit or vetoed it. 
All major mining companies have abandoned it. From 2017 to 2020, Cantor 
was lead underwriter for the project until it withdrew and discontinued 
review coverage for the project.

    Question 15. As Secretary of Commerce, would you recognize NOAA's 
important role in upholding the current status under EPA's 404(c) 
protection? Will you commit to recuse yourself if it once again comes 
up for review by NOAA?
    Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and 
regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department 
of Commerce.

    Question 16. Will you recuse yourself from all matters relating to 
consultations and permitting of the Pebble Project, also known as the 
Pebble Mine? Additionally, will you recuse yourself from NOAA 
permitting of support projects related to the Pebble Projects, such as 
NOAA Fisheries consultations for roads, bridges, ports, and other 
infrastructure?
    Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and 
regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department 
of Commerce.

    NTIA/Funding Commitments. The bipartisan Infrastructure Investment 
and Jobs Act of 2021 appropriated over $65 billion for broadband 
deployment and digital literacy programs overseen by NTIA and the 
Department of Commerce, including $42 billion for the Broadband Equity 
Access and Deployment program, $1.23 billion of which was allocated to 
Washington state to connect households to broadband. Allocations of 
funding for the BEAD program, committed under the law, also include 
$3.3 billion allocated to Texas, $405 million allocated to Nebraska, 
$1.2 billion allocated to West Virginia, and over $1 billion allocated 
to Alaska. Other NTIA broadband programs have already finalized grants, 
connected thousands of households, and laid thousands of miles of 
fiber. Needless to say, the commitment that Congress made to reach the 
goal of connecting unserved and underserved households is well 
underway, with plans in all 56 states and territories approved by NTIA, 
in compliance with the law.

    Question 17. Mr. Lutnick, will you commit to following the law and 
implementing all broadband funding as Congress intended?
    Answer. I will follow the law. Upon confirmation, I will review 
broadband programs closely to ensure that they are operating 
efficiently and effectively.

    Question 18. Do you support efforts to bring broadband connectivity 
to households across the country?
    Answer. I support efforts to expand broadband connectivity 
efficiently and effectively.

    Question 19. Will you commit to allowing the efforts to implement 
programs from the IIJA to continue as they are, and allowing states to 
proceed with implementation of these programs with the grant 
allocations as they currently stand?
    Answer. I will follow the law. Upon confirmation, I will review 
broadband programs closely to ensure that they are operating 
efficiently and effectively.

    Question 20. Will you commit to consulting with and relying upon 
the expertise of the public servants at the Department of Commerce, as 
well as a diverse range of experts, stakeholders, and state and Tribal 
governments, rather than business interests that may, in reality or 
appearance, present conflicts of interest?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will ensure the Department engages 
with domestic stakeholders who may be impacted by its programs.

    Spectrum Management. The Department of Commerce, through NTIA, is 
tasked with representing the United States' spectrum interests 
internationally. We have seen China's growth in spectrum use not only 
threaten the U.S. economically, but China also raises national security 
concerns. U.S. representation at the International Telecommunications 
Union and World Radio Conference are important fora to advance American 
interests in spectrum management and combat national security threats 
from China.

    Question 21. Mr. Lutnick, do you support a modernized approach on 
Federal spectrum policy that protects our communications networks 
against foreign adversaries?
    Answer. Yes.

    Question 22. Will you commit to collaborating on a spectrum policy 
that engages stakeholders from the Department of Commerce, the 
Department of Defense, the Federal Communications Commission, and 
industry, to work towards resolution to restore U.S. leadership in 
innovation?
    Answer. I will ensure the Department engages with stakeholders, 
including government agencies and industry, who may be impacted by its 
programs.

    Question 23. Will you commit to representing U.S. spectrum 
interests on the international stage to address concerns about China's 
spectrum use?
    Answer. Yes.

    National Spectrum Strategy. In November 2023, the Biden 
Administration released the National Spectrum Strategy (NSS) that 
identifies over 2,700 megahertz of spectrum across five bands for study 
to determine the possibility of new, commercial uses. The NSS includes 
over 1,600 megahertz of midband spectrum, a range in high demand for 
next-generation wireless services. In the 118th Congress I led the 
effort to codify the NSS and a memorandum of understanding (MOU) 
between the FCC and NTIA on spectrum coordination--the Spectrum and 
National Security Act. The final version of this legislation reflected 
a negotiated agreement between the Department of Commerce, Department 
of Defense, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff that preserved our national 
security, protected Federal incumbents, and advanced studies which 
would create a sustainable spectrum pipeline.

    Question 24. Will you ensure that the feasibility studies currently 
underway are completed in a thorough and comprehensive manner?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will seek to gain a better 
understanding of the status of the feasibility studies to determine 
what steps are necessary to complete them.

    Question 25. Will you stand by the negotiated agreement between the 
Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, and the Joint Chiefs of 
Staff?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will review the negotiated agreement.

    Question 26. What changes do you anticipate making to either the 
NSS or MOU between the FCC and NTIA?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will ensure a strong focus on Federal 
spectrum coordination. The Department will reach out to stakeholders--
both within government and in the private-sector--to see how the NSS 
and MOU are working and what changes, if any, are needed.

    Non-Partisan Spectrum Policy. Mr. Lutnick, you posted on X on 
October 27, 2024, stating that ``The United States owns the spectrum, 
and it should only be auctioned for use by those who agree to be 
nonpartisan. Companies that do business with America shouldn't be 
allowed to use that power for partisan politics.'' This rhetoric 
appears to be consistent with the directives of Project 2025 and 
President Trump's Executive Order (``Restoring Freedom of Speech and 
Ending Federal Censorship'') to identify and address Federal policies 
aimed at ``censorship.''

    Question 27. Do you support the directives in Project 2025, and the 
directive in President Trump's Executive Order (``Restoring Freedom of 
Speech and Ending Federal Censorship'') to identify and address Federal 
policies aimed at ``censorship''?
    Answer. I will follow President Donald J. Trump's executive orders 
to the fullest extent of the law.

    Question 28. What such policies at the Department of Commerce do 
you see as impacted by the directives that President Trump and Project 
2025 have identified?
    Answer. I understand that several of President Donald J. Trump's 
executive orders task agencies with determining which programs and 
policies are impacted by those orders. As I have not been confirmed as 
the Secretary of Commerce, I have not been involved with those efforts 
at the Department. As for Project 2025, I am not affiliated with that 
group. I cannot opine on any of the group's plans or materials.

    American Aerospace Manufacturing Competitiveness. The United States 
aerospace and defense sector has the largest positive trade balance 
among all U.S. manufacturing sectors, valued at over $110 billion, and 
supports over 2.2 million good paying jobs. China's aircraft 
manufacturer, COMAC, is a growing threat to United States' market share 
of commercial aircraft in the global aerospace sector. COMAC's 
narrowbody C919 aircraft competes with the 737 series aircraft, 
produced by Boeing, our leading domestic aircraft manufacturer. Boeing 
has experienced significant challenges in recent years including 
concerning aircraft production safety and quality issues that must be 
corrected before production of the 737 MAX can be allowed to increase 
beyond the cap of 38 per month instituted by former FAA Administrator 
Mike Whitaker. This will take time and so will Boeing's overall 
recovery efforts as a company to improve many of their product lines.
    Boeing has estimated that Chinese airlines will need 8,830 new 
total commercial planes by 2043. However, if the current Administration 
were to issue broad retaliatory tariffs against China without 
considering the impact that they could have against Boeing's ability to 
sell aircraft in the Asian-Pacific market, Boeing and the greater 
domestic aerospace supply chain would be at risk of losing its 
competitive standing in the global aerospace sector. Such tariffs could 
have harmful impacts on U.S.-based aerospace supply chain companies and 
jobs.

    Question 29. Do you commit to ensuring that the U.S. aerospace 
manufacturing sector and supply chain are not subject to new costs and 
burdens associated with tariffs, restrictions, or economic sanctions? 
If confirmed, what actions will you take at the Department of Commerce 
to assure domestic aerospace manufacturers they will not be put into 
such harmful situations?
    Answer. We need all businesses--small, medium, and large--to be 
successful in order to benefit American workers and American 
manufacturing. Upon confirmation, I will work to ensure that the U.S. 
aerospace manufacturing sector and its workers are treated fairly and 
can rely on a responsive government to help them succeed. A level 
playing field on the global stage will be a distinct priority.

    Question 30. What actions will you take to protect our domestic 
aerospace supply chain and its highly-skilled American workers from new 
disruptions--such as issues that would jeopardize U.S.-based jobs and 
increase costs for U.S.-based companies?
    Answer. I understand that the Department is currently studying U.S. 
supply chains and industrial base pursuant to the America First Trade 
Policy Presidential Memorandum. This and other studies that are 
currently under way will inform our decisions on potential actions.
Tariffs and Trade
    Question 31. Do you said you do not view tariffs as inflationary. 
Please explain what impact that new tariffs would have on American 
families, farmers, and small businesses?
    Answer. The use of tariffs will help recalibrate our trading 
relationships and ensure American families, farmers, and small 
businesses are treated fairly and not taken advantage of by foreign 
interests.

    Question 32. You indicated that you support an across-the-board 
approach to tariffs as opposed to targeted tariffs. What legal 
authorities will the U.S. Department of Commerce use to impose such 
tariffs?
    Answer. The Department is prepared to use any and all authorities 
at its disposal to implement the President's trade agenda.

    Question 33. What role do you expect to play in the Trump 
administration's trade policy? How will your role be different from the 
role of the U.S. Trade Representative and the Secretaries of State and 
Treasury?
    Answer. The statutory responsibilities and authorities of the 
office of USTR remain unchanged. The same is true for the statutory 
responsibilities and authorities of the Secretary of State and 
Secretary of the Treasury. Under President Donald J. Trump's 
leadership, the Department will play a coordinating role with its 
interagency partners to deliver results for American workers, families, 
and businesses.

    Question 34. How does the Trump administration plan on dealing with 
retaliatory tariffs and what role will the U.S. Department of Commerce 
play?
    Answer. I expect that the Department of Commerce, in close 
coordination with the Department of the Treasury and USTR, will advance 
President Trump's trade and tariffs policy agenda. I will work closely 
with Treasury and USTR to help ensure that American workers and 
American manufacturers receive the benefit of the President's trade and 
tariffs policies.

    Question 35. Will the U.S. Department of Commerce lead an exclusion 
process if tariffs are imposed under Section 232? How will Commerce 
ensure that any exclusion process is fair, consistent, and transparent?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will coordinate closely with the 
Department of the Treasury and USTR to develop and implement trade and 
tariff policy. I will prioritize fairness, consistency, and 
transparency.

    Question 36. President Obama tried to double U.S. exports. What 
goal do you have to grow U.S. exports and how will you achieve it?
    Answer. Under President Donald J. Trump, the United States will be 
the best place in the world to do business. Strong trade and investment 
policy generate economic growth, rebalance trade, and increase exports 
of goods and services.

    Question 37. Trump has directed the Secretary of Commerce to review 
the Antidumping and Countervailing Duty laws, also known as AD/CVD law. 
These trade enforcement laws are critical to fighting non-market 
policies and practices. In your view, how does AD/CVD law fit into the 
president's economic agenda? If confirmed as Secretary of Commerce, 
what do you see as the priorities for your review and report?
    Answer. Strong trade enforcement is core to the Trump 
Administration's trade policy. I understand the Department has been 
conducting a review pursuant to President Trump's America First Trade 
Policy Presidential Memorandum. As I have not been confirmed, I cannot 
speak to those efforts.

    Protecting American Interests. As Commerce Secretary, one of your 
main missions would be to make sure that American interests come first. 
As you know, the laws in the United Kingdom require that the Bank of 
England have exclusive resolution authority over UK clearinghouses and 
requires that the Bank of England prioritize UK citizens first when 
exercising that authority.

    Question 38. While it is true that the London Clearing House is 
registered with the CFTC and that U.S. Treasuries do not leave the 
United States, the law in the UK is also clear with respect to the role 
of the Bank of England and how the BOE must exercise its authority over 
UK clearinghouses. If the London Clearinghouse were permitted to clear 
futures on U.S. Treasury securities, the Bank of England would have 
authority to tear up those contracts and take other actions that could 
have a negative impact on the U.S. Treasury markets. Where do you stand 
on giving exclusive default and resolution authority over the U.S. 
Treasury futures market to a foreign regulator?
    Answer. No foreign regulator has exclusive default and resolution 
authority over the U.S. Treasury futures market, and I am not aware of 
any proposal for granting a foreign regulator such authority.

    Cantor Fitzgerald's Relationship with Tether. During your staff 
interview on January 24, 2024, you said Cantor Fitzgerald ``owns zero'' 
Tether and did not have an ownership interest in Tether. During this 
staff interview, you also said that a November 23, 2024, Wall Street 
Journal article reporting on an agreement under which Cantor Fitzgerald 
stood to receive a 5 percent ownership interest in Tether, valued at 
$600 million, was ``false.'' But during your nomination hearing, you 
admitted that Cantor Fitzgerald ``owns a convertible bond with 
Tether.''

    Question 39. When did Cantor Fitzgerald enter this agreement to 
purchase a convertible bond with Tether?
    Answer. Cantor Fitzgerald made a convertible debt investment in the 
holding company that owns the Tether stablecoin business in April 2024.

    Question 40. What amount did Cantor Fitzgerald pay for this 
convertible bond, and what is the most recent valuation?
    Answer. The total amount paid in connection with the instrument is 
not a matter of public record. As of its most recent valuation in Q3 
2024, Cantor Fitzgerald books and records reflect its value at cost.

    Question 41. Were you involved in negotiating the agreement for 
Cantor Fitzgerald to purchase this convertible bond? If yes, please 
describe your role.
    Answer. Yes. I participated in the negotiations.

    Question 42. For what purpose(s) did Cantor Fitzgerald purchase 
this convertible bond?
    Answer. To generate an attractive return for Cantor Fitzgerald.

    Question 43. Do you believe Cantor Fitzgerald's convertible bond 
with Tether does not constitute an ownership interest in Tether held by 
Cantor Fitzgerald? If yes, please explain the basis for this position. 
If no, please explain how your answers during your staff interview are 
consistent with your testimony at your nomination hearing.
    Answer. Cantor Fitzgerald's debt investment in Tether does not 
constitute an equity interest.

    Question 44. Please explain why you chose not to disclose Cantor 
Fitzgerald's convertible bond with Tether during your staff interview 
and how this omission reflects on your commitment to transparency with 
Congress, if confirmed?
    Answer. Minority staff asked if Cantor Fitzgerald owned 5 percent 
of Tether. The answer is no. I was, am, and will remain transparent 
with Congress.

    Question 45. Besides Tether, how many clients has Cantor Fitzgerald 
purchased a convertible bond with or otherwise directly invested in 
during your tenure as Chairman?
    Answer. Cantor Fitzgerald is a diversified financial services 
organization providing a variety of services to its clients, which 
includes investing in clients' businesses.

    Question 46. Describe all other investments Cantor Fitzgerald, 
Newmark, BGC, and any other company you own, or control has in Tether. 
For any such investment, provide the same amount of detail as requested 
in Questions 44--47 above.
    Answer. None.

    Question 47. Describe all other investments your or any of your 
family members have in Tether. For any such investment, provide the 
same amount of detail as requested in Questions 44-47 above.
    Answer. None.

    Audit. Tether claims to be ``pegged at 1-to-1'' with the U.S. 
dollar and ``backed 100 percent by Tether's reserves.'' During a 
Bitcoin Conference in July 2024, you said ``I can tell you with 
absolute certainty that Tether has every penny, and it can produce 
liquidity on a moment's notice.''

    Question 48. Can you confirm that Tether's representations 
regarding its relationship to the U.S. dollar and reserves backing USDT 
are accurate?
    Answer. Cantor Fitzgerald is not conducting continuous diligence on 
Tether's financial statements, but I believe my statements were 
accurate when made.

    Question 49. During your nomination hearing, you said ``U.S. dollar 
stable coins should be audited.'' As the custodian of most of Tether's 
assets, will you publicly call on Tether to submit to an independent 
audit in the next three months and publicly release the results? If 
not, please explain why not.
    Answer. Upon my confirmation as Secretary of Commerce, I will 
faithfully execute my duties consistent with applicable government 
ethics laws and regulations and based on the guidance of Department of 
Commerce Ethics Department officials.

    Investigations into Tether. According to a November 23, 2024, 
article in the Wall Street Journal, Tether's owner, Giancarlo Devasini, 
told business associates that you assured him that you would use your 
political clout to try to defuse threats facing Tether.

    Question 50. Is this reporting accurate?
    Answer. I do not know what Mr. Devasini told business associates.

    Question 51. Have you ever told Devasini, or anyone else affiliated 
with Tether, that you would try to defuse threats facing Tether?
    Answer. I have never suggested to anyone that I would do anything 
improper with respect to Tether.

    Question 52. The same Wall Street Journal report detailed a May 
2024 meeting between you and Devasini, after which Devasini told 
business associates that you would seek to kill any bills that could 
hurt Tether. Is this reporting accurate?
    Answer. I do not know what Mr. Devasini told business associates.

    Question 53. Have you ever told Devasini, or anyone else affiliated 
with Tether, that you would seek to undermine any bills, proposed 
legislation, or other legislative or regulatory efforts to regulate 
Tether?
    Answer. I have repeatedly conveyed my belief that the U.S. Congress 
should be careful not to undermine dollar hegemony on blockchain 
through legislation.

    Question 54. Tether is reportedly under investigation by the U.S. 
Justice Department for possible violations of sanctions and anti-money-
laundering laws. The Treasury Department has also reportedly considered 
sanctioning Tether given its cryptocurrency's widespread use by 
individuals and groups sanctioned by the United States. Will you commit 
not to interfere with or otherwise attempt to influence any Federal 
investigation into Tether, if confirmed?
    Answer. I commit to fulfilling my duties as the Secretary of 
Commerce consistent with government ethics laws and regulations, to the 
extent applicable.

    Question 55. Have you discussed any potential Federal investigation 
into Tether with Devasini? If yes, please describe what you discussed 
and when these discussions occurred.
    Answer. No.

    Law Enforcement Cooperation. Mr. Lutnick, you have said that Tether 
cooperates with law enforcement. But cooperation with law enforcement 
after a crime has been identified is the least we should expect, 
especially of someone who has been nominated for a Cabinet position.

    Question 56. What proactive actions have you pressed Tether to take 
to make its platform less attractive to illicit financing?
    Answer. Tether does not operate a blockchain platform, but Cantor 
Fitzgerald has been supportive of Tether's ever-increasing engagement 
with U.S. law enforcement.

    Question 57. Have you ever told Tether that Cantor Fitzgerald would 
cease managing their assets unless Tether took additional measures to 
combat illicit financing? If yes, please specify when you first 
approached Tether about this issue and detail what measures you advised 
they take.
    Answer. Cantor Fitzerald has been supportive of Tether's ever-
increasing engagement with U.S. law enforcement.

    Question 58. Are you aware of any law enforcement request that 
Tether has not fully cooperated with? If yes, please detail each such 
request.
    Answer. No.

    Question 59. During your nomination hearing, you said ``AI tools 
used by the U.S. government running through the market will rid the 
world of criminals using blockchain.'' You predicted these AI tools 
would be available in a couple years. Is it your position that the 
United States must wait for future technology in order to combat 
illicit financing in the stablecoin market effectively?
    Answer. No.

    Question 60. Do you believe there are no other tools we could 
deploy today to prevent the abuse of stablecoins in the secondary 
market?
    Answer. No.

    Ethics Agreement. Although your ethics agreement states that, if 
confirmed, you will resign as trustee and terminate your grantor status 
of your family trusts, members of your family remain the beneficiaries. 
According to your public financial disclosure report (OGE-278), your 
family trusts invest in a variety of companies that appear to have a 
direct nexus to programs and policies under the purview of the 
Department of Commerce, including companies that develop AI 
technologies and autonomous drones.

    Question 61. Will you take any additional steps, beyond those 
outlined in your ethics agreement, to give the American people 
assurances that you will act in the public's best interests and not 
those of your family?
    Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and 
regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department 
of Commerce.

    Question 62. Your ethics agreement also states that you will resign 
from your positions with Cantor Fitzgerald, BGC, and Newmark, and 
divest your equity and stock interests in these companies. But it does 
not indicate to whom you will divest these interests. You previously 
stated only that you ``do not expect any arrangement which involves 
selling shares on the open market.'' Please detail your current 
intentions for divesting these interests.
    Answer. I will divest my interests in Cantor Fitzgerald, BGC, and 
Newmark consistent with applicable government ethics laws and 
regulations as set forth in my ethics agreement.

    Question 63. To promote transparency and public confidence, if 
confirmed will you commit to publicly releasing the terms of your 
divestments, including the identities of the acquiring parties? If no, 
please explain why not.
    Answer. I will divest my interests in Cantor Fitzgerald, BGC, and 
Newmark consistent with applicable government ethics laws and 
regulations as set forth in my ethics agreement.

    Satellogic. Following the announcement of your nomination in 
November 2024, you resigned from the Board of Satellogic, a commercial 
remote sensing satellite company. However, Cantor Fitzgerald 
significantly increased the number of shares it owns in Satellogic in 
November 2024. And according to a Satellogic SEC filing, Tether--with 
which Cantor Fitzgerald holds a convertible bond--entered an agreement 
with Satellogic in April 2024 to buy $30 million worth of secured 
convertible notes. Satellogic received a commercial remote sensing 
license from the Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration (NOAA) in November 2023 and will now be subject to 
NOAA's Office of Space Commerce (OSC) oversight.

    Question 64. If confirmed, will you commit to recusing yourself 
from all discussions regarding Satellogic, including NOAA's oversight 
of Satellogic?
    Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and 
regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department 
of Commerce.

    Question 65. Please explain the steps you will take, beyond your 
ethics agreement, to assure the public that you will not seek to 
benefit Satellogic if confirmed as Commerce Secretary.
    Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and 
regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department 
of Commerce.

    Question 66. In December 2024, Cantor Fitzgerald was fined $6.75 
million by the SEC to settle charges that it violated securities laws. 
According to the SEC, Cantor Fitzgerald caused two special purpose 
acquisition companies (SPACs) it controlled to falsely deny in 
regulatory filings having had contact or substantive discussions with 
potential merger targets before those SPACs' initial public offering. 
In fact, Cantor Fitzgerald had already initiated discussions with 
Satellogic and at least two other potential targets regarding a 
potential business combination when it submitted the false filing, 
according to the SEC.
    As the Chairman and CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald, were you aware of or 
involved in these discussions with Satellogic or the other potential 
targets identified by the SEC?
    Answer. Cantor Fitzgerald agreed with the SEC that Cantor Fitzerald 
would neither admit nor deny the SEC order's findings.

    Question 67. Do you condone violations of Federal securities laws 
like this?
    Answer. Cantor Fitzgerald agreed with the SEC that Cantor Fitzerald 
would neither admit nor deny the SEC order's findings. I do not condone 
violations of laws.

    China. Through BGC and Cantor Fitzgerald, you have developed 
business ties to Chinese state-owned entities. Concerns have been 
raised over whether your business interests in China may pose conflicts 
of interest or the appearance of conflicts if you are confirmed as 
Commerce Secretary. According to Kathleen Clark, a professor of 
government ethics at Washington University in St. Louis, your financial 
dealings make you essentially ``business partners'' with the Chinese 
government, which ``raises the specter of the Chinese government having 
leverage over the commerce secretary.''

    Question 68. Beyond your ethics agreement, how will you assure the 
American people that your decisions as Commerce Secretary, if 
confirmed, will not be influenced by your financial ties to Chinese-
state-owned entities?
    Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and 
regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department 
of Commerce.

    Question 69. If confirmed, will you screen yourself from any 
communication with your business associates involved in Chinese-state-
owned enterprises, such China Credit BGC Money Broking Company Limited, 
regarding the Administration's policies related to China?
    Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and 
regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department 
of Commerce.

    Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. On January 20, 2025, President 
Trump signed an Executive Order aiming to end all diversity, equity, 
and inclusion (DEI) programs in the Federal Government. The following 
week, President Trump signed another DEI executive order, this time 
targeting specifically the United States armed forces. Mr. Lutnick, you 
seem to value DEI in the workplace--as do I, and many Americans across 
the country and our workforce. Under your leadership at BGC, the 
company says it is developing and retaining top talent while 
emphasizing ``increasing representation of traditionally 
underrepresented groups at all levels of the organization.'' In 2023, 
another one of your companies, Newmark, signed the Girl Scouts' Gender 
Parity Initiative: Fair Play, Equal Pay. By signing up for this the 
initiative, Newmark pledged to advance gender parity within your 
organization and embraced the goal to achieve like pay for like work as 
well as 30 percent female leaders in corporate leadership roles by 
2030. Notably, Newmark was even named to Globe St.'s 2021 Women of 
Influence `Diversity Champion' list.''

    Question 70. Mr. Lutnick, you have built and led multiple highly 
successful companies--at which DEI policies appear to be implemented 
today. Do you think these policies have benefitted your companies?
    Answer. I do not know.

    Question 71. Do you disagree with President Trump's executive 
orders on DEI noted above?
    Answer. No.

    Cryptocurrency Policy. President Trump created a President's 
Working Group on Digital Asset Markets charged with formulating 
policies on digital assets--including stablecoins like Tether. As 
Commerce Secretary, you would sit on this Working Group.

    Question 72. Do you plan on recusing yourself from this Working 
Group? If no, please explain how this decision does not present a 
conflict or the appearance of a conflict, given your extensive ties to 
Tether.
    Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and 
regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department 
of Commerce.

    Question 73. If confirmed, will you commit not to discuss the 
Administration's cryptocurrency policies, regulations, or other 
deliberations with any individual associated with Tether?
    Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and 
regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department 
of Commerce.

    Question 74. According to an October 23, 2024, report in Politico, 
Republican officials close to President Trump accused you of improperly 
mixing your business interests with your duties as then-co-chair of the 
transition team. Specifically, you were accused of taking meetings on 
Capitol Hill in your role as transition co-chair, but then using the 
opportunity to raise matters impacting Cantor Fitzgerald, including 
regulatory matters involving cryptocurrency, with the Members you met.
    During the time you served as co-chair of the transition team, did 
you ever meet with Members on Capitol Hill regarding Cantor Fitzgerald 
or cryptocurrency? If yes, please identify which Member(s) and the 
purpose for the meeting(s).
    Answer. I never met with members regarding regulatory matters 
involving Cantor Fitzgerald or cryptocurrency in my capacity as co-
chair of the transition team.

    Project 2025 and NOAA, NOAA Organic Act. NOAA is the largest bureau 
within the Department of Commerce (``DOC'') and accounts for nearly 64 
percent of its appropriated funds and a little less than one-third of 
its employees, nearly 12,000 people worldwide.
    Project 2025 states that ``NOAA should be dismantled and many of 
its functions eliminated.''

    Question 75. Should NOAA be dismantled?
    Answer. While I have testified about my priorities if confirmed, it 
is premature to discuss any specific recommendations before engaging 
with NOAA and the Office of Management and Budget. Additionally, at 
this time, it would be premature for me to comment on specific policy 
commitments before I have a chance to confer with the Department and 
the President. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with you on 
these issues.

    Question 76. Do you support any function, mission, or 
congressionally authorized or appropriated work within NOAA, or 
executed by NOAA, being moved out of the NOAA or the Department of 
Commerce? If so, please describe.
    Answer. While I have testified about my priorities if confirmed, it 
is premature to discuss any specific recommendations before engaging 
with NOAA and the Office of Management and Budget. Additionally, at 
this time, it would be premature for me to comment on specific policy 
commitments before I have a chance to confer with the Department and 
the President. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with you on 
these issues.

    Question 77. If confirmed, will the Department of Commerce retain 
all NOAA missions, functions, authorities, and congressionally 
authorized and appropriated programs, grants, and activities within 
NOAA?
    Answer. While I have testified about my priorities if confirmed, it 
is premature to discuss any specific recommendations before engaging 
with NOAA and the Office of Management and Budget. Additionally, at 
this time, it would be premature for me to comment on specific policy 
commitments before I have a chance to confer with the Department and 
the President. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with you on 
these issues.

    Question 78. Project 2025 stated that the National Weather Service 
forecasting operations should be fully commercialized, and its focus 
should be shifted to only data gathering. This would benefit private 
companies that use NOAA's taxpayer funded data and forecasting for free 
and then charge taxpayers for those services. Collaboration with the 
private sector is already happening at NOAA, but Project 2025 wants to 
halt the agency from providing its free, lifesaving forecasts that some 
companies see as competition to their product. Do you support the 
National Weather Service continuing to provide these critical forecasts 
without privatization?
    Answer. I will support the NWS to continue providing its forecasts 
for the protection of life and property.

    Question 79. What is your vision for the National Weather Service?
    Answer. I think the National Weather Service can operate more 
efficiently, but the outcome of delivering its services should not be 
changed.

    Question 80. Project 2025 proposed to ``streamline'' the National 
Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). What does that mean?
    Answer. I am not affiliated with Project 2025. I cannot opine on 
any of the group's plans or materials.

    Question 81. If NMFS were to move to the Department of the 
Interior, it would create substantial additional layers of red tape 
because the Secretary of Commerce is required to execute many 
functions, including regulatory functions, under law. Are you 
considering moving the National Marine Fisheries Service out of NOAA?
    Answer. No.

    Question 82. The Secretary of Commerce has specific authorities 
under the Endangered Species Act with respect to a number of species 
under NOAA's jurisdiction, including salmon, Southern resident orcas, 
and North Atlantic right whales. Will you ensure that as Secretary, you 
continue to uphold the Endangered Species Act, the Marine Mammal 
Protection Act, and all other laws governing NOAA and Department of 
Commerce activities related to NOAA's functions and missions that were 
in place on January 1, 2025?
    Answer. I will follow the law.

    Question 83. If the Department of Commerce were to allow the 
Department of the Interior to conduct the Department of Commerce 
Endangered Species Act activates, including listings, consultations, 
and any other activities, the Secretary of Commerce would still be 
required under law to execute the Endangered Species Act. Allowing 
Department of Interior to participate in these activities would add red 
tape, result in permitting delays, it would separate scientists and 
experts from regulatory matters concerning endangered and protected 
species and ultimately result in increased cost to communities that 
rely on reliable permitting and consultations to execute infrastructure 
projects such as ports, highways and rail. Would you allow any NOAA 
Endangered Species or Protected Species authorities, functions, or 
activities (including consultations) to be moved to the Department of 
the Interior?
    Answer. I will continue to support collaboration between NOAA and 
Interior when necessary on ESA activities as they currently do.
NOAA Corps.
    The NOAA Corps is the smallest uniformed service of the United 
States and is comprised of 320 uniformed members operating a fleet of 
15 large research vessels, 10 aircraft, and many small boats. NOAA 
research vessels conduct hydrographic, oceanographic, atmospheric, and 
fisheries research including stock assessments which support fisheries 
management, energy development, marine transportation, port operations, 
emergency response, and national security. Project 2025 proposes to 
break up the Office of Marine and Aviation Operations and reassign 
NOAA's vessel and aircraft fleet to other agencies, eliminating NOAA's 
ability to meet its missions.

    Question 84. Are you in support of breaking up this office and 
reassigning its assets?
    Answer. While I have testified about my priorities if confirmed, it 
is premature to discuss any specific recommendations before engaging 
with NOAA and the Office of Management and Budget. Additionally, at 
this time, it would be premature for me to comment on specific policy 
commitments before I have a chance to confer with the Department and 
the President. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with you on 
these issues.

    Question 85. The NOAA Corps has been underfunded in recent years, 
which is why we have worked in a bipartisan basis to authorize funding 
increases for the Corps missions, people, and assets. Do you support 
increasing resources for the NOAA Corps so that it is able to execute 
its full mission set?
    Answer. While I have testified about my priorities if confirmed, it 
is premature to discuss any specific recommendations before engaging 
with NOAA and the Office of Management and Budget. Additionally, at 
this time, it would be premature for me to comment on specific policy 
commitments before I have a chance to confer with the Department and 
the President. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with you on 
these issues.

    Question 86. The NOAA Corps provides a critical service to our 
Nation yet is often overlooked in laws and policies governing the 
Uniformed Services of the United States. As Secretary, would you work 
with the Committee, and with your own authority, to provide services, 
benefits, cutting edge training, and access to family resources such as 
childcare, health care, and other unique needs of NOAA Corps members?
    Answer. While I have testified about my priorities if confirmed, it 
is premature to discuss any specific recommendations before engaging 
with NOAA and the Office of Management and Budget. Additionally, at 
this time, it would be premature for me to comment on specific policy 
commitments before I have a chance to confer with the Department and 
the President. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with you on 
these issues.

    Question 87. Sexual assault and sexual harassment at sea is also a 
serious issue facing all uniformed services, including the NOAA Corps. 
As Secretary, how will you work to eliminate instances of sexual 
assault, sexual harassment, and sexual misconduct from the NOAA Corps?
    Answer. I will fully support the significant advancements NOAA has 
made in eliminating sexual assault, harassment and misconduct in the 
NOAA Fleet and across the NOAA portfolio. The priority on training, 
expectations for conduct, and accountability measures that are part of 
NOAA and the NOAA Corps will remain in effect under my leadership.

    Question 88. The NOAA Corps has made great strides in improving 
investigations, response, and victim care, but there is more to be 
done. How will you work to address prevention, response, and victim 
care activities in the NOAA Corps?
    Answer. I will work to ensure the resources required by the NOAA 
Corps for prevention, response and victim care are provided. The NOAA 
Corps works with the other services to access resources and leverage 
shared government resources to support our service members.

    Question 89. Sexual assault and sexual harassment are also a 
problem in the NOAA fisheries observer programs. What will you do to 
address these issues facing fisheries observers?
    Answer. Observer safety at sea is an on-going and serious issue. I 
will continue the work NOAA does with the U.S. Coast Guard, Congress, 
and industry to institute best practices through training and 
accountability to provide a safe working environment for fishery 
observers. I will also work with Congress and the USCG to evaluate 
opportunities for monetary and permitting deterrents.

    Oscar Dyson's Repair Funding. We understand that repairs for the R/
V Oscar Dyson's repair funding have been held up by the EO pausing 
executive orders. The R/V Oscar Dyson is critical for the Alaskan 
Pollock industry's stock assessments, which they rely on under law to 
establish catch limits.

    Question 90. Should this funding be paused? Did you review the 
updated OMB guidance?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will review the OMB guidance and work 
closely with you and your office on this issue.

    Question 91. Will you commit to ensuring that the contract will be 
issued for the R/V Oscar Dyson's midlife repair as appropriated and 
included in the spend plan approved by the appropriations committees?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I plan to work closely with Congress on 
the R/V Oscar Dyson's condition and address it in a timely and 
efficient manner.

    Question 92. Do you support transferring survey funding to the 
Coast Guard? Or the USGS? The USGS does not operate vessels of this 
size and is not capable.
    Answer. It is not my intention to move services outside of NOAA and 
into other agencies.

    Scientific Integrity. Science-based decision-making is at the core 
of weather forecasting and is a cornerstone of robust policy decisions.

    Question 93. Will you ensure that NOAA's scientific work remains 
accurate and free from political interference?
    Answer. I support that NOAA's scientific work continues to follow 
the science, the scientific method and remains scientifically accurate.

    Question 94. What steps will you take to ensure NOAA continues to 
lead the world in ocean and atmospheric science, modelling, and 
engineering?
    Answer. Atmospheric science, modelling, and engineering are at the 
core of NOAA's mission to protect life and property through its 
services to the American people. I support NOAA continuing to lead the 
world in these efforts.

    Tribal Consultation and Salmon Management. Tribes are a key partner 
in fisheries management, conservation, and resilience, across the 
nation, and especially in Pacific Northwest and Alaska. NOAA has 
struggled to meet its treaty obligations to tribes and has not fully 
complied with government-to-government consultation and engagement 
requirements under law and policy.

    Question 95. If confirmed, will you ensure that Tribes are able to 
access meaningful government-to-government consultation on NOAA 
programs, including grants?
    Answer. Yes.

    Question 96. Will you commit to the Department's obligation to 
provide technical assistance to Tribes? Will you continue to support 
capacity building programs, including programs that support Tribes 
accessing and executing grants and providing access to technical 
assistance?
    Answer. Yes.

    Question 97. I established a new Tribal hatchery infrastructure 
program in an effort to restore salmon populations that benefit Tribes, 
sportsmen and Washington's $22 billion outdoor recreation economy which 
supports more than 200,000 jobs. Do you support investing in hatchery 
infrastructure? Will you work with me to double down on salmon hatchery 
investments to ensure that tribes, sportsmen, and commercial fishermen 
are able to fish?
    Answer. NOAA considers the Tribes key partners in fisheries 
management and should continue to work with them on fisheries issues.

    Question 98. What is the definition of DEI? Do you consider 
programs supporting Tribes as DEI? Do you consider tribal consultation 
as DEI? Are tribal liaisons and offices designated as DEI?
    Answer. NOAA respects the sovereignty of Tribal Nations and 
considers the Tribes key partners in fisheries management and will 
continue to work with them on fisheries issues.

    Montlake Lab. NOAA's Montlake Fisheries Science Center (``Montlake 
Lab'') in Seattle will be divested due to the building's age, and 
proximity to the 520 Bridge. The Montlake Lab conducts critical 
research important to our multi-billion-dollar fisheries in the Pacific 
Northwest and Alaska, including research into future opportunities in 
domestic aquaculture of black cod and shellfish. In lieu of 
constructing a new building, NOAA is working on establishing a long-
term lease of a new facility at the University of Washington. More than 
$80 million has already been appropriated for this purpose.

    Question 99. Will you commit to ensuring the appropriated $80 
million will reserved for its intended use: to replace NOAA's Montlake 
Lab?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will work to better understand 
Montlake Lab and will appreciate your input on this issue.

    Fisheries. Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing poses 
significant threats not only to global fish stocks but also to national 
security and economic security in the United States, as illegal fishing 
often goes hand in hand with other illicit activities such as forced 
labor and drug trafficking. Failure to effectively combat IUU fishing 
also places U.S. fishing communities--which invest millions of dollars 
to play by the rules--at a competitive disadvantage in U.S. and global 
markets.

    Question 100. How would you, as Secretary of Commerce, strengthen 
NOAA's efforts to combat illegal fishing, particularly in key regions 
of interest, such as the Arctic? Do you agree it is critical to close 
U.S. markets to illegal seafood imports, including Russian seafood?
    Answer. Yes. I think it is critical to combat illegal seafood 
imports and will work closely with NOAA to combat illegal fishing upon 
confirmation.

    Question 101. How else will you help the U.S. lead in combating 
illegal fishing and safeguard American interests?
    Answer. I plan to work closely with Congress to identify illegal 
fishing across the United States and address it in a timely and 
efficient manner.

    Question 102. NOAA Fisheries and partner agencies are working to 
combat IUU fishing and associated labor abuses in the seafood sector. 
Unfortunately, U.S. consumers unwittingly buy imported IUU-fished 
seafood each year, making our market a major driver of global illegal 
fishing and its grave human costs. We import more seafood than any 
other single nation in the world, including, in 2019, an estimated $2.4 
billion dollars' worth of seafood imports derived from IUU fishing 
practices. The influx of illegal imports, in turn, is harming our 
domestic fishing communities as they seek a fair price for their legal 
catch. Would you agree that the United States has tremendous market 
power to curb illegal fishing and improve ocean health by rejecting IUU 
fished seafood from its markets? Do you commit to supporting NOAA 
Fisheries in continuing its efforts to do so within the Department of 
Commerce?
    Answer. Yes. I support NOAA's efforts to curb illegal fishing and 
improve ocean health through rejecting IUU fished seafood to U.S. 
markets.

    Question 103. The U.S. has some of the most effectively managed 
fisheries in the world Our fisheries are critical to the economy. The 
Magnuson-Stevens Act has successfully built numerous fisheries around 
the country, but there is still progress to be made in our management 
system.
    How do you plan to enhance NOAA's role in ensuring that U.S. 
fisheries are sustainably managed for future generations?
    Answer. I support responsibly managed fisheries and, upon 
confirmation, will work closely with your office on this matter.

    Question 104. Given the significant economic challenges facing the 
U.S. fishing industry, including high production costs, collapsing 
markets, and foreign competition that is sabotaging prices and markets 
for American fishermen, how would you as Commerce Secretary ensure the 
long-term viability of coastal communities and economies that are 
reliant on healthy fisheries and ecosystems?
    Answer. Ensuring the long-term viability of coastal communities and 
economies that are reliant on healthy fisheries and ecosystems is very 
important. Upon confirmation, I will work closely with you and your 
office on this topic.

    Question 105. According to the latest statistics from 2022, U.S. 
commercial and recreational fisheries generated $321 billion in sales, 
2.3 million jobs, and $149.8 billion in value-added to the U.S. 
economy. Commercial fisheries landings alone were valued at $5.9 
billion, and recreational fishermen took 201 million fishing trips that 
year. Communities across the country rely on these fisheries and the 
benefits they provide. They also rely on NOAA Fisheries providing world 
class science and management to support this fishing activity. Will you 
commit to investing effort and resources into improving fishery data 
systems, navigating climate change, and other pressures on fisheries?
    Answer. Ensuring robust and organized data, and management of that 
data is key to having world class science at NMFS. Upon confirmation, I 
will support improving the science and management of fisheries.

    Question 106. Do you support increased funding for stock assessment 
surveys?
    Answer. Robust and reliable data is critical to the NMFS mission. 
Upon confirmation, I will be happy to work with your office closely on 
improving stock assessments.

    Question 107. Pursuant to regulation, the National Marine Fisheries 
Service will issue determinations late in 2025 on whether foreign 
fisheries are meeting U.S. standards for protecting marine mammals and 
the U.S. government will ban imports that do not meet U.S. standards on 
January 1, 2026. Until that regulation is implemented, U.S. fishermen 
compete in the U.S. market against foreign fisheries that are not 
playing by the rules and U.S. consumers are unwittingly eating seafood 
that needlessly kills whales and dolphins. Will you commit to ensuring 
that the National Marine Fisheries Service rigorously implements the 
requirement that foreign fisheries meet U.S. standards and not allow 
the agency to give foreign fisheries a ``pass'' for mere effort and 
instead demand concrete, affirmative proof that foreign fisheries meet 
U.S. standards?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to better understanding 
this issue receiving your input.

    NOAA and DOGE. President Trump has created a new ``Department of 
Government Efficiency'' (DOGE) to be run by people without expertise in 
ocean and climate science or marine natural resource management. 
Despite this lack of experience and expertise, DOGE will make 
recommendations on how to manage Federal agencies like NOAA, including 
on which programs and positions to cut. NOAA employs workers across the 
United States, with laboratories and regional offices supporting jobs 
in Alaska, Washington, New York, Oklahoma, Texas, Hawaii, Missouri, and 
Utah. Shutting down these offices or broadly firing career employees 
would not only harm U.S. ocean science leadership, it would also harm 
the communities across the country that benefit from NOAA facilities, 
data, and services.

    Question 108. If confirmed, would you carry out recommendations 
that would jeopardize NOAA's scientific integrity, or reduce public 
access to NOAA data and services?
    Answer. NOAA is one of the best examples of a government agency 
that provides data and services back to the taxpayers, through its data 
and services for the protection of life and property. I will follow the 
law, and I support NOAA taking a data-driven approach to address 
important issues.

    Question 109. NOAA's current mission is ``To understand and predict 
changes in climate, weather, ocean, and coasts, to share that knowledge 
and information with others, and to conserve and manage coastal and 
marine ecosystems and resources''. Do you agree with this mission? If 
so, how will you use your position as Secretary of Commerce to advance 
this mission?
    Answer. Yes. Upon confirmation, I will work to support NOAA 
achieving its mission in the most efficient and effective manner 
possible.
                                 ______
                                 
   Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Amy Klobuchar to 
                             Howard Lutnick
Question Topic: Artificial Intelligence
    We discussed American leadership in artificial intelligence (AI) 
and the need to put standards in place for high-impact AI models. My 
bill with Majority Leader Thune, the Artificial Intelligence Research, 
Innovation, and Accountability Act, would direct the Commerce 
Department to issue standards for testing and evaluating high-risk, 
non-defense AI applications.

    Question 1. If confirmed, will you review this bill and commit to 
working with us on it?
    Answer. Yes.
Question Topic: Unfair Trade Practices
    It is critical Minnesota's workers and producers have the 
opportunity to grow and thrive without being undermined by unfair trade 
practices. For decades, our Nation's bipartisan antidumping and 
countervailing duty laws have played a vital role in addressing those 
practices. I have heard from industries and workers in my state about 
the need to enforce and strengthen these laws.

    Question 2. If confirmed, what will you do to ensure that the 
Commerce Department aggressively enforces our anti-dumping and 
countervailing duty laws?
    Answer. Strong trade enforcement will be a priority during my 
tenure. Upon confirmation, I look forward to working with Congress to 
ensure that the Department is properly resourced and has the tools it 
needs to execute its mission.

    Question 3. Will you commit to working with Congress to update our 
trade laws to address repeat violators and account for cross-border 
subsidies?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to working with Congress 
on efforts to strengthen the Department's authority to address bad 
actors that unfairly disadvantage American workers and businesses.
Question Topic: Semiconductor Follow-up
    Given that bolstering domestic semiconductor manufacturing is a big 
priority of mine, I was glad to hear yesterday that you consider CHIPS 
Act funding to be a much-needed ``down payment'' for the American 
economy but want to clarify what you meant.

    Question 4. If confirmed, do you commit to strengthening 
investments in the production of legacy-node semiconductors (also known 
as specialty chips) in Minnesota and across the country?
    Answer. Reshoring and nearshoring semiconductor production is 
critical to our economic and national security. Ensuring that the 
United States has robust domestic manufacturing capacity and supply 
chains to support the production of semiconductors is a top priority 
for me. Upon confirmation, I plan to ensure that the Department is 
delivering these objectives in the most effective way possible.
Question Topic: Greenland/Conflicts of Interest
    We discussed Cantor Fitzgerald's financial interest in Critical 
Metals Corp., which acquired a controlling stake in a mine in southern 
Greenland in June 2024. According to the New York Times, Critical 
Metals Corp.'s CEO regards you as a possible conduit for U.S. 
government investment in this project.
    According to your government ethics agreement, you have agreed to 
not participate in any matters that have a direct and predictable 
effect on the financial interests of Cantor Fitzgerald or its 
subsidiaries until you are fully divested from the firm. Reports 
indicate, however, that your family members intend to continue working 
for the firm. As a result, regardless of your own personal divestment 
plans, I am concerned about the potential conflicts of interest, as 
well as the appearance of such conflicts.

    Question 5. If confirmed, will you recuse yourself from policy 
issues related to Greenland?
    Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and 
regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department 
of Commerce.
                                 ______
                                 
   Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Edward Markey to 
                             Howard Lutnick
Trade with Canada
    Canada buys $3.2 billion worth of goods from Massachusetts every 
year and 35,000 people in my state are employed by Canadian companies. 
Canada has already taken significant steps to reduce illegal activity 
at the border.

    Question 1. Will you push back if President Trump attempts to use 
trade laws for anything other than to support Americans and American 
jobs?
    Answer. President Donald J. Trump's mission, and my mission, is to 
support the American people, create good paying American jobs, and keep 
our country safe. I think we all can and should support those goals.
Pardons:
    Question 2. Do you support President Trump's pardons of violent 
January 6th insurrectionists?
    Answer. Presidential pardons are the prerogative of the President 
and outside the scope of the Department of Commerce.
Inspectors General:
    Last week, President Trump fired the Department of Commerce 
Inspector General, among 17 other inspectors general, without giving a 
30-day notice to Congress, as required by law.

    Question 3. Do you support President Trump's decision to fire the 
Inspectors General?
    Answer. I look forward to working with the new Inspector General 
upon confirmation.

    Question 4. If President Trump directed you to unlawfully remove 
employees under the Commerce Department, would you comply with that 
order?
    Answer. I will follow the law.
Artificial Intelligence:
    In your confirmation hearing in front of the Senate Commerce 
Committee you mentioned your goal to create artificial intelligence 
standards.

    Question 5. Can you describe your plan for the creation of 
artificial intelligence standards?
    Answer. As I stated in the hearing, the Department has the gold 
standard in cybersecurity. We should seek a similar approach for AI. 
The United States should be a leader in AI development, not a leader in 
heavy-handed regulation that hampers innovation.

    Question 6. If confirmed, will you commit to directing the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology to convene a consortium of 
stakeholders to identify measurement needs and standards for artificial 
intelligence's environmental impacts?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I support including all relevant and 
necessary stakeholders.

    Question 7. If confirmed, will you commit to supporting the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology to create a system for 
entities developing or operating artificial intelligence to voluntarily 
report the full range of artificial intelligence's environment impacts?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I commit to studying this issue further 
and working with your office on this matter.

    Question 8. NTIA also recently released a report noting the 
benefits of open-source AI and has also concluded that the Federal 
government should invest in monitoring and testing AI for harms. Will 
you follow the recommendations of Commerce's own experts within NTIA?
    Answer. As stated in President Donald J. Trump's Executive order, 
titled ``Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial 
Intelligence,'' AI should promote human flourishing, economic 
competitiveness, and national security. Upon confirmation, I look 
forward to working with NTIA on advancing these objectives while 
mitigating risks that would hinder AI's potential.
Algorithmic Discrimination:
    Question 9. Do you believe that bias and discriminatory artificial 
intelligence is a problem?
    Answer. I believe AI should be held to the highest standards.

    Question 10. If confirmed, what is your plan to address biased and 
discriminatory artificial intelligence, especially in critical areas 
such as health care, education, employment, and criminal justice?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will work to ensure AI is held to the 
highest standards.
Workforce Development Programs:
    The Department of Commerce established two principles that guided 
the Department's workforce development programs. First, the Department 
of Commerce laid out a three-part approach to help meet employers' need 
for talent and to connect Americans to good jobs. These principles 
included: Invest in employer-driven education and training systems; 
foster transformative employer practices; and produce timely data to 
help Americans develop and advance. Second, through the Department of 
Labor's Good Jobs Principles, the Department of Commerce worked to 
ensure its programs created goods jobs as a building block for 
equitable economic growth.

    Question 11. If confirmed, will you keep these two principles in 
place?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to examining the 
Department's principles.
Million Women in Construction Initiative:
    In May, Department of Commerce announced the Million Women in 
Construction Initiative which aims to expand the American construction 
workforce by doubling the number of women in construction over the next 
decade.

    Question 12. If confirmed, will you commit to maintaining the Women 
in Construction Initiative?
    Answer. I support the Department's work to boost American 
manufacturing.

    Question 13. If directed by President Trump, would you stop any 
support for increasing the number of women in the construction 
industry?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to coordinating with the 
President on labor market policy.
Facial Recognition:
    NIST's Face Recognition Vendor Test has been an important tool in 
informing our understanding of the impact, bias, and performance of 
facial recognition technology.

    Question 14. Do you commit to maintaining the program, including 
its independence in its scientific and voluntary assessments?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to carefully reviewing 
this program.
Closing the Digital Divide:
    Question 15. Do you support closing the digital divide for low-
income people?
    Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all 
Americans.

    Question 16. Do you support closing the digital divide for elderly 
individuals?
    Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all 
Americans.

    Question 17. Do you support closing the digital divide for 
incarcerated individuals?
    Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all 
Americans.

    Question 18. Do you support closing the digital divide for 
veterans?
    Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all 
Americans.

    Question 19. Do you support closing the digital divide for 
individuals with disabilities?
    Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all 
Americans.

    Question 20. Do you support closing the digital divide for 
individuals with a language barrier?
    Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all 
Americans.

    Question 21. Do you support closing the digital divide for 
individuals who are members of a racial or ethnic minority group?
    Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all 
Americans.

    Question 22. Do you support closing the digital divide for people 
who primarily reside in a rural area?
    Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all 
Americans.

    Question 23. If confirmed, what is your plan to close the digital 
divide in our country?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will use all appropriate tools to 
improve connectivity for all Americans in the most efficient and 
effective way.

    Question 24. If confirmed, what is your plan to close the digital 
divide for Indigenous people?
    Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all 
Americans.

    Question 25. If confirmed, what is your plan to close the digital 
divide for students?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will support efforts to improve 
connectivity for all Americans.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration:
    Question 26. Project 2025 included a proposal to dissolve the 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NOAA houses 
irreplaceable climate, fisheries, and endangered species expertise. Can 
you confirm you would not dissolve or privatize NOAA, if confirmed?
    Answer. I was not affiliated with Project 2025. I cannot opine on 
any of the group's plans or materials. I have no plans to dissolve 
NOAA.

    Question 27. We have critical NOAA facilities in Massachusetts, 
including the Northeast Fisheries Science Center. Can you commit to 
working with me to maintain that facility and support NOAA's presence 
in Massachusetts?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will commit to working with you on 
this topic.

    Question 28. President Trump has already issued executive orders 
targeting offshore wind. These projects are creating hundreds of union 
jobs in Massachusetts, and NOAA has a role in permitting these projects 
and understanding their effect on our ocean sand wildlife. If 
confirmed, will you work with me to protect Massachusetts jobs and help 
return economic stability to this industry?
    Answer. I support all American workers, and I look forward to 
working with your office on this topic.

    Question 29. Project 2025 also called for the privatization of key 
functions of the National Weather Service. Do you support the 
privatization of our National Weather Service?
    Answer. I was not affiliated with Project 2025. I cannot opine on 
any of the group's plans or materials. NOAA and the National Weather 
Service provide important services to the American people.
Minority Business Development Agency:
    Question 30. Do you believe the President's executive orders can 
overturn statutory authority at the Minority Business Development 
Agency?
    Answer. I will comply with President Donald J. Trump's executive 
orders to the fullest extent of the law.
                                 ______
                                 
    Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Gary Peters to 
                             Howard Lutnick
    Question 1. Mr. Lutnick, it is clear that if a universal tariff 
approach is taken by this Administration, trade enforcement will look 
substantially different than in years past. In fact, it is likely that 
the Department of Commerce and the International Trade Administration 
will be tasked with investigating greater instances of duty 
circumvention. How do you envision the International Trade 
Administration factoring into the enforcement of this Administration's 
trade agenda? Do you believe the agency possesses the appropriate 
resources to handle what will likely be an increased volume of 
investigations?
    Answer. The Department has seen a significant increase in trade 
enforcement cases, and additional resources should be considered. Upon 
confirmation, I hope to work with your office and appropriators to make 
sure that component of the Department is properly resourced.

    Question 2. Mr. Lutnick, as you are aware, under Section 232 of the 
Trade Expansion Act of 1962, the President is permitted to impose 
certain import controls, including tariffs, so long as the Commerce 
Department investigates and determines that imports in question 
threaten national security. So far, the Trump Administration has 
threatened to impose tariffs on countries, outside of the Section 232 
process, as well as outside of the Section 201 and 301 processes. If 
the President does indeed consider imposing tariffs outside of the 
Section 232 process, can you explain what role the Department will have 
in making recommendations on the ultimate need of duty imposition? 
Should the President seek to utilize the Section 232 process, can you 
commit that you will engage in a fair and transparent investigation 
process?
    Answer. As part of the Administration's trade team, the Department 
has immense analytical capabilities that will be brought to bear in a 
deliberative process of this magnitude. Regarding Section 232, the 
Department has a long record of fair and transparent investigations, 
whether in the Section 232 context or regarding other matters.

    Question 3. Mr. Lutnick, it is imperative that we address both the 
economic and national security threat posed by Chinese government-
backed automotive companies. That's why I pushed for the Biden 
Administration's rule--finalized early this year--that would prevent 
the import or sale of any Chinese-controlled connected vehicle or 
vehicles component in the U.S. This rule--written by the Bureau of 
Industry and Security under the Department of Commerce--would prevent 
Chinese companies from building manufacturing plants in Mexico in order 
to send vehicles that could spy on Americans across the border. 
However, President Trump signed an executive order last week that 
freezes and calls for a review of this important rule. If confirmed, 
will you work to immediately unfreeze this rule and implement this ban 
on dangerous Chinese-connected vehicles and vehicles technologies in 
America?
    Answer. As I understand, there has not been a notice published in 
the Federal Register delaying this rule. Upon confirmation, I will 
review this regulation and take appropriate action.

    Question 4. Mr. Lutnick, the Chips and Science Act has been a huge 
win for Michigan manufacturers. I was encouraged in our meeting by your 
support for this law and projects like Hemlock Semiconductor's 
expansion in Saginaw, Michigan. As you may know, I authored a provision 
in the Chips and Science Act to ensure funding also went to ensuring 
the domestic production of the types of chips used in automobiles--or 
``legacy chips.'' In 2020, a shortage of these chips left thousands of 
vehicles sitting in lots waiting for parts and caused the price of a 
car to increase significantly for consumers. If confirmed, will you 
continue to prioritize Chips Act funding for domestic mature node 
production? What additional steps will you take to ensure that the 
United States has a secure, domestic source of these mature chips?
    Answer. The CHIPS Act advanced efforts to ensure that the United 
States has robust domestic manufacturing capacity and supply chains to 
support the production of semiconductors whether they are leading edge 
or legacy-node semiconductors, including those critical to automotive 
and other applications. Upon confirmation, I plan to ensure that the 
Department is delivering on those requirements in the most effective 
way possible.

    Question 5. Mr. Lutnick, Michigan received over $1.5 billion in the 
Bipartisan Infrastructure Law's BEAD program to build rural broadband 
across Michigan and make sure every Michigander has access to high-
speed internet. The process for deploying these funds has been long due 
to Congress's requirement to improve FCC mapping prior to the 
deployment of funds to ensure that funding would flow to those 
communities who are the most in need. Those projects are starting now, 
and our state needs certainty that the rug won't be ripped out from 
under them as we build out broadband networks over the next decade. If 
confirmed, do you commit to preventing rural broadband funding from 
being frozen, withdrawn, or otherwise unnecessarily delayed?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I plan to review BEAD funding closely, 
ensure thoughtful consideration is provided to all states, including 
Michigan, and implement the law to ensure efficient and effective 
outcomes for all Americans.

    Question 6. Mr. Lutnick, the BEAD program statute, supported by 
both Democrats and Republicans, allows states that have left over BEAD 
funds after fully deploying broadband Internet to all the unserved 
locations in the state to use those leftover funds for digital skills 
training to ensure that our workforce has the Internet skills they need 
in our modern economy. The law does not allow NTIA to punish states who 
used funds efficiently by clawing back leftover funds--instead states 
must be allowed to use these funds for their intended purpose. If 
confirmed will you commit to follow the law and allow states that have 
leftover BEAD funds to use them on eligible digital skills and literacy 
programs?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I commit to reviewing BEAD nondeployment 
funds to ensure that they are efficiently and effectively used 
consistent with the law.

    Question 7. Mr. Lutnick, the Michigan Manufacturing Tech Center 
(MMTC) does amazing work with small and medium manufacturers across my 
state--doing personalized consultations, workforce training, and 
helping small businesses integrate new technologies into their 
manufacturing process. The MMTC is part of the Department of Commerce's 
Hollingsworth Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program. 
Unfortunately, Project 2025 called for privatizing this program, which 
would reduce the capacity of Centers like MMTC to support Michigan 
small businesses. These centers have an exceptionally high return on 
investment--MMTC creates $18 dollars in economic growth for every $1 it 
spends. If confirmed, do you commit to opposing efforts any efforts to 
privatize or defund Manufacturing Extension Partnerships?
    Answer. President Donald J. Trump will make a decision in due 
course regarding the budget and spending priorities that he will submit 
to Congress in the coming months.

    Question 8. Mr. Lutnick, the Department of Commerce houses the 
Census Bureau, a critical agency. The Bureau conducts the census, the 
only comprehensive source of data about our Nation. It also leads 
essential surveys--like the Economic Census and the American Community 
Survey--which provide the data for our Nation's economic indicators, 
and help businesses determine how to invest and create jobs. Census 
data affect our roads, hospitals, schools, fire departments, veterans' 
services, small businesses, and more. To carry out this mission, 
especially in rural communities and others that are hard to count, the 
Bureau needs sufficient funding. If confirmed, will you work with me to 
ensure that Census Bureau funding is a priority for the Commerce 
Department?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I commit to working with you and your 
staff on issues pertaining to the Census Bureau.

    Question 9. Mr. Lutnick, Next Fiscal Year, the Census Bureau is 
planning to conduct the 2026 Census Test, the first major on-the-ground 
tests to prepare for the 2030 Census. These tests, conducted in six 
sites nationwide, will evaluate innovative technologies and 
methodologies to help ensure the next decennial count is accurate and 
cost efficient, including for rural areas, tribal areas, high-growth 
areas, and others. To ensure the success of this critical planning 
phase, the Bureau needs the ability to hire staff, as well as reliable 
funding. What are your plans for ensuring continuity of operations for 
the 2026 Census Test?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I plan to work closely with Census 
Bureau leadership and staff to ensure the effectiveness of its 
operations.

    Question 10. I proudly serve as Co-Chair of the Great Lakes Task 
Force and have long advocated for the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental 
Research Laboratory (GLERL). GLERL studies the dynamic environments and 
ecosystems of the Great Lakes. The work produced and shared by GLERL 
informs local decisions for safe and sustainable resource management 
throughout the Great Lakes Basin. GLERL research also plays a crucial 
role in the work carried out by the Coast Guard's Center of Expertise 
for Oil Spill Preparedness and Response in Sault Ste Marie. If 
confirmed, will you support stable funding and continued attention to 
GLERL and its mission in the Great Lakes?
    Answer. I will work closely with you and your office with regard to 
funding and proper attention to the GLERL.

    Question 11. Mr. Lutnick, the Chips and Science Act included $11 
billion for research and development. Given the speed of innovation in 
the semiconductor industry and the unusually high reliance the sector 
has on R&D, disseminating these funds in a fair and transparent manner 
is essential to ensure that the progress we are making in onshoring 
semiconductor supply chains is not lost. If confirmed, will you commit 
to fairly allocating the remaining R&D funding to keep our 
semiconductor sector competitive?
    Answer. Ensuring that the U.S. has robust domestic manufacturing 
capacity and supply chains to support the production of semiconductors 
whether they are leading edge or legacy-node semiconductors like those 
critical to automotive and other applications is called for by the 
CHIPS Act. Upon confirmation, I plan to ensure that the Department is 
delivering on those requirements in the most effective way possible.

    Question 12. The Department of Commerce strongly encouraged 
applicants for CHIPS funding to use a project labor agreement (PLA) to 
reduce the risk of delays in project delivery and ensure the creation 
of good-paying jobs. If a PLA is not used, the Department of Commerce 
requested applicants demonstrate workforce continuity with other 
measures, such as commitments to target labor hours expected to be 
performed by registered apprentices. If confirmed, will you keep this 
policy in place?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I plan to ensure that the CHIPS funding 
agreements are structured to deliver the most benefit to Americans and 
that we maintain a robust domestic semiconductor manufacturing base.

    Question 13. It has been reported that while at Cantor-Fitzgerald, 
you were responsible for managing the assets of the cryptocurrency, 
Tether. It appears that this Administration wants to take an active 
look into regulations surrounding digital assets, including 
cryptocurrencies. In fact, in his first week in office, the President 
issued an Executive Order establishing a working group designed to 
examine the future of digital assets in this country, and the position 
for which you've been nominated was listed as a member of this working 
group. The future of cryptocurrencies and digital assets is one that 
will require bipartisan cooperation, and it is critical that agendas 
are not being pursued as we craft common-sense rules and regulations. 
As such, do you believe that your previous work with Tether is a 
conflict of interest that should prohibit you from engaging in 
conversations about future Federal treatment and regulation of digital 
assets?
    Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and 
regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department 
of Commerce.
                                 ______
                                 
   Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tammy Baldwin to 
                             Howard Lutnick
American Innovation
    The Department of Commerce does significant work to ensure U.S. 
companies are able to compete with China and drive American innovation.

    Question 1. How will you utilize programs within the Commerce 
Department, including those authorized by the bipartisan CHIPs and 
Science Act, to promote American innovation?
    Answer. The Department plays a critical role in driving American 
innovation, especially in areas of critical technology that are 
critical for our competition with China. From efforts at NIST to drive 
innovation AI, quantum science, semiconductors, and cybersecurity, to 
programs at BIS that help protect U.S. leadership in critical those 
same critical technology areas, I will ensure that the Department is 
well positioned to continue to drive U.S. innovation. I look forward to 
working with the Administration and Congress to that end.
Wisconsin BioHealth Tech Hub
    Wisconsin's BioHealth Tech Hub positions the state as a global 
leader in personalized medicine, which tailors healthcare treatment to 
a patient's unique history and genetic code.

    Question 2. Last week, I spoke with community leaders involved with 
Wisconsin's Tech Hub. Their number one question was, can we count on 
future funding?
    Answer. Please see below for the answer to questions 2 and 3.
    The first tranche of funding has been disbursed, but there are 
millions more owed to the Tech Hub over the next 5 years.

    Question 3. Should the Wisconsin Biohealth Tech Hub be concerned 
they may not receive future tranches of funding?
    Answer. I recognize the importance of the Tech Hubs program and 
look forward to closely reviewing the program and staying in contact 
with your office to ensure that the American people are getting the 
benefit of the bargain.
Sec 232 Steel Derivatives
    Section 232 tariffs have been successful in defending the U.S. 
steel and aluminum industry from dumping by foreign producers, 
primarily China. However, in response to these tariffs, foreign 
producers have shifted their production downstream. Prestressed 
concrete (PC) steel strand, a derivative steel product made from steel 
wire rod, and fabricated structural steel (FSS), a derivative steel 
product made from steel beams, sections, and plate are not currently 
protected under the Sec. 232 tariff program. These downstream products 
are critical to our nation's physical infrastructure. Expanding the 232 
tariffs to cover these products would lead to increased domestic 
production capacity and protect American jobs.

    Question 4. If confirmed, will you expand the scope of the Section 
232 steel tariffs to cover prestressed concrete steel strand and 
fabricated structural steel?
    Answer. I understand President Donald J. Trump's America First 
Trade Policy Memorandum directs the Department to study the existing 
steel tariffs and suggest potential changes. Upon confirmation, I will 
be sure the Department specifically looks at prestressed concrete steel 
strand and fabricated structural steel.
AD/CVD
    Over the past decade, the number of U.S. trade remedy orders has 
grown substantially. During this time, instances of transshipment and 
other forms of customs fraud have also increased.
    Foreign producers, particularly in China, have created elaborate 
schemes using shell companies to obscure the origin of their products 
and evade AD and CVD duties.

    Question 5. With that context, do you believe the United States' 
``trade toolbox'' needs to be updated?
    Answer. I look forward to working with Congress to ensure the 
Department has the resources and tools it needs to strongly enforce our 
trade laws.

    Question 6. If so, will you work with me to strengthen Customs' 
enforcement tools to uphold lawfully imposed trade orders and preserve 
the effectiveness of U.S. trade laws?
    Answer. Yes.
Trade Enforcement
    The Commerce Department has a critical role to play in the 
enforcement of our trade laws and in ensuring a level playing field for 
domestic manufacturers. Unfortunately, we have seen time and again 
foreign producers flood the U.S. market with dumped and subsidized 
imports. as well as design all sorts of tactics to evade our trade laws 
and current orders. While China is notorious for this type of unfair 
trade activity, producers from historically allied nations take 
advantage of our trade laws as well. For example, in steel, the United 
States has orders against unfair trade from a long list of foreign 
producers including many in the EU and Japan. Japan alone has at least 
a dozen AD/CVD orders on steel products on the books and just last 
November, the International Trade Administration preliminarily 
determined that Japanese company Nippon Steel dumped hot-rolled steel 
products on the U.S. market by a margin of 29.03 percent during the 
period between October 1, 2022 and September 30, 2023. This is a 
substantial increase in the dumping margin from the previous level of 
1.39 percent is a worrisome trend that suggests the company continues 
to embrace anti-competitive trade practices that harm American 
steelworkers.

    Question 7. If confirmed, what actions will you direct Commerce 
Department officials to take action to enhance trade enforcement and 
thwart unfair trade antics, in order to ultimately strengthen and grow 
domestic manufacturing by American workers?
    Answer. I look forward to working with Congress to ensure the 
Department has the resources and tools it needs to strongly enforce our 
trade laws.
Chinese Connected Vehicles
    The Commerce Department recently finalized rulemaking to restrict 
the import or sale of ``connected vehicle'' technology--as well as 
completed vehicles that contain the restricted hardware or software--
from foreign adversaries. Today's modern vehicles are embedded with 
sensors, microphones, cameras, automated driving systems, and other 
potential access points for data collection and operational control 
that must not fall into the hands of China, Russia, or other 
adversaries. This rule is an important step towards protecting our 
national security from dual use military technologies of adversaries, 
but also our economic welfare as Chinese companies increasingly look 
for opportunities to penetrate our critical infrastructure markets and 
disrupt supply chains.
    I am concerned, however, that the rule was limited only to the 
passenger vehicle market--excluding commercial vehicles such as buses 
from the final scope even though Commerce itself noted that the 
national security risks are ``grave.'' While the rule is largely 
proactive in keeping Chinese passenger autos out of the U.S. market, 
the same cannot be said of commercial vehicles such as buses. These 
commercial vehicles produced by Chinese companies--such as BYD--are 
already operating throughout the United States as transit systems in 
major U.S. cities, moving passengers at major U.S. airports, moving 
cargo at our ports, and perhaps soon bringing our children to school or 
moving goods across our highways on trucks.

    Question 8. BIS states in its final rule that it intends to propose 
a new rule specifically tailored to the commercial vehicle sector. Mr. 
Lutnick, will you commit to prioritizing such rulemaking for commercial 
vehicles and continue to evaluate the necessity for similar 
restrictions on drones, vessels and maritime applications, and other 
applications where U.S. economic and national security are at risk?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will be sure to get briefed on this 
potential rule and take appropriate action.
MBDA
    The Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) provides high 
quality, technical assistance to Minority Business Enterprises (MBEs)--
including counseling and mentoring, assisting with access to capital, 
contracts and grants, and supporting job creation and retention. The 
funding provided supports small businesses and local communities across 
the country.

    Question 9. What are your priorities for MBDA?
    Answer. My priority for MBDA is for it to operate efficiently, 
effectively, and in compliance with the law.

    Question 10. Can minority owned small businesses count on your 
advocacy and support?
    Answer. Yes.
NOAA
    Question 11. What can we expect from the Department regarding 
budget requests for NOAA?
    Answer. NOAA provides important and valuable services to the 
American people. The Department will seek to ensure that it continues 
to provide these services in an efficient and effective manner to live 
up to its mission.
                                 ______
                                 
  Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tammy Duckworth to 
                             Howard Lutnick
Question Topic: Trade Policy
    Increasing the resiliency of our Nation's supply chain is crucial 
for both our economy and our national security. To do this, we need 
strong relationships with friendly partner countries. One of Commerce's 
primary regional agreements is the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for 
Prosperity--also known as IPEF. IPEF established the Agreement Relating 
to Supply Chain Resilience to work with member nations on critical 
economic sectors as well as identify risks in current supply chains.

    Question 1. If confirmed, what will you do to help foster strong 
relationships with friendly countries who can help make our supply 
chains more resilient?
    Answer. The Indo-Pacific is a critical region for our economic and 
national security. Upon confirmation, I will leverage the tools 
available to the Department to deepen ties with countries in the region 
that want to partner with us to promote mutual security and a level 
playing field.
Question Topic: Economic National Security
    In 2023, CNN reported that parts made by more than a dozen U.S. and 
Western companies were found inside a single Iranian drone downed by 
Ukraine. If confirmed, you will oversee the Bureau of Industry and 
Security (BIS), whose export control mission is critical for our 
national security.

    Question 2. If confirmed, how will you ensure BIS is pursuing 
robust export controls to keep sensitive materials out of the hands of 
bad actors?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I plan to review the authorities and 
tools under BIS closely to ensure sensitive materials are kept out of 
the hands of bad actors.

    Question 3. Do you think BIS needs more resources from Congress?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to working with Congress 
to make sure BIS is properly resourced.
Question Topic: Including People with Disabilities
    According to the International Finance Corporation, people with 
disabilities represent a global market bigger than China. This 
population consists of 1.85 billion people--with $1.9 trillion in 
annual disposable income. In the United States, more than 70 million 
people have a disability. That number is expected to increase as our 
aging population continues to grow. Ensuring these Americans can fully 
access--and help grow--our nation's economy will be critical to keep 
America competitive.

    Question 4. If confirmed, how will you ensure that Americans with 
disabilities will be able to fully access and contribute to our 
economy?
    Answer. Growing the U.S. economy is a distinct priority of mine. 
Upon confirmation, I will use all appropriate tools to grow the economy 
and to ensure that Americans with disabilities have access and 
contribute to its growth.
                                 ______
                                 
    Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Jacky Rosen to 
                             Howard Lutnick
Topic: Tariffs on Homebuilding Materials
    There is an affordable housing crisis in Nevada and across the 
nation, and tariffs on homebuilding materials will only serve to 
increase housing costs. Since 2020, more than 80 percent of 
construction materials have gone up in price. Softwood lumber prices 
have been especially volatile, increasing approximately 35 percent in 
the last five years. While the U.S. does produce its own lumber, we 
cannot meet our own demand from domestic production alone. As the top 
exporter of lumber to the U.S., Canada serves as a critical partner in 
our efforts to increase housing supply by ensuring that we have a 
reliable source of lumber at a competitive price. President Trump's 
proposed tariffs are estimated to raise the already-high cost of 
construction materials by $3 billion to $4 billion, which would make 
homebuilding drastically more expensive and ultimately increase housing 
costs for homebuyers and renters.

    Question 1. If confirmed, do I have your commitment that any 
tariffs imposed by the Administration will be narrowly targeted so as 
to not negatively impact housing affordability?
    Answer. I understand President Donald J. Trump's America First 
Trade Policy Memorandum directs the Department and other agencies to 
study tariffs in a variety of contexts. I cannot speak to those efforts 
and, moreover, I should refrain from prejudging the results of that 
study or predict how President Trump may react to their findings.
                                 ______
                                 
   Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Ben Ray Lujan to 
                             Howard Lutnick
    Question 1. Yes or no, do you commit to continuing to invest in 
domestic chip manufacturing through the CHIPS Act as authorized by 
Congress?
    Answer. Yes, I am committed to investing in domestic chip 
manufacturing and look forward to reviewing all the agreements and 
ensuring that they are structured to deliver the best results for the 
American people.

    Question 2. Yes or no, do you commit to supporting and working with 
our National Laboratories?
    Answer. Yes, where there is a programmatic need to for the 
Department to work with the DOE National Laboratories, it should do so.

    Question 3. If the Supreme Court rules that an order taken by the 
President is unlawful, will you refrain from carrying out that order? 
Please answer yes or no.
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will take an oath to defend the 
Constitution. I will abide by that oath.

    Question 4. Yes or no, if you are confirmed, will you commit to 
protecting the independence of the Department of Commerce Inspector 
General?

    a. Yes or no, will you commit to letting the Inspector General 
choose their investigations and audits?
    Answer. I commit to following the law and advancing the Inspector 
General's mission to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the 
Department's programs and operations and to detect and deter waste, 
fraud, and abuse.

    b. Yes or no, would you ever direct the Inspector General to 
investigate something or someone at the request of the White House?
    Answer. I commit to following the law and advancing the Inspector 
General's mission to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the 
Department's programs and operations and to detect and deter waste, 
fraud, and abuse.

    Question 5. The President may fire inspectors general. However, he 
must notify Congress 30 days in advance of such action. Last week, 
Trump fired the Department of Commerce Inspector General without 
providing the 30 days notice. Yes or no, did President Trump comply 
with the law when he terminated the Commerce Inspector General?
    Answer. I look forward to working with the new Inspector General 
upon confirmation.

    Question 6. Do you commit to allowing states to move forward with 
their current BEAD plans as approved by the NTIA without forcing them 
to adopt changes that would significantly slow down their process of 
getting shovels in the ground?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to analyzing the BEAD 
program, including states' plans, to ensure that all Americans are 
getting the benefit of the bargain, as Congress intended.

    Question 7. As you embark on the process of examining ways in which 
government spectrum can be shared to support commercial uses, will you 
commit to preserving and extending the principles that underpinned CBRS 
in expanding access to wireless spectrum in ways that incentivize 
greater innovation and competition?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will take a thoughtful, rigorous, and 
data-driven approach to spectrum management, taking into account 
national security, commercial applications, and the effects on the 
American taxpayer. I look forward to analyzing CBRS to determine the 
best ways to foster innovation and competition.
                                 ______
                                 
 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. John Hickenlooper to 
                             Howard Lutnick
    Small Business: Key agencies in the Department of Commerce like the 
Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) and the Economic 
Development Administration have been directed by Congress to foster 
startup creation, support entrepreneurs and small businesses, and 
develop innovation hubs to increase regional growth. The Department 
also oversees trade compliance and exports of U.S. goods to markets 
overseas.

    Question 1. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, how will you ensure any new 
tariffs or revised trade actions do not harm America's ``Main Street'' 
economy and how will you measure the success of economic development 
programs carried out by the Department of Commerce?
    Answer. I understand President Donald J. Trump's America First 
Trade Policy Memorandum directs the Department and other agencies to 
study tariffs in a variety of contexts. Although I cannot speak to 
those efforts, I will say that our goal will be to advance the cause of 
American workers and families and to put them in a better economic 
position than the one they have been subjected to for the last four 
years.

    Economic Development: The Economic Development Administration's 
(EDA) Good Jobs Challenge supports regional workforce training systems 
to establish sectoral partnerships that train and place workers in good 
jobs. The awardees funded by the Good Jobs Challenge expand 
opportunities across diverse populations, regions, and communities 
including paid on-the-job training opportunities.

    Question 2. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, how will you direct EDA to 
build upon these programs to support workforce training opportunities?
    Answer. I appreciate the valuable work that EDA has done to advance 
American job creation. As with all programs, I will review EDA programs 
closely to ensure that it is operating efficiently and effectively and 
providing American taxpayers with the benefit of the bargain.

    Artificial Intelligence and Data Centers: Artificial intelligence 
models require a large amount of data to be trained to generate 
summaries, create lifelike images, or analyze complex supply chains. AI 
is now driving a surge in demand for new data centers to support AI 
model training and cloud computing activities. As AI demand increases, 
so will the energy required to power data centers. We should continue 
attracting investment, establishing standards, and developing state of 
the art cooling technologies here in the U.S. to improve data center 
efficiency.

    Question 3. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, how will you work with 
Federal agencies, states, and industry partners to support responsible 
domestic data center growth?
    Answer. U.S. leadership on artificial intelligence is vitally 
important to our national and economic security. Data centers and the 
energy to power them are crucial to supporting this objective. Upon 
confirmation, I look forward to looking with you and your staff to 
identify the best ways to promote data center growth that benefits 
American workers and manufacturers.

    Artificial Intelligence & Standards: During your testimony, you 
emphasized your belief in standards as a foundation for promoting 
American innovation and augmenting the development lifecycle for AI 
applications. Standards development organizations are considering 
issuing a standard for the independent evaluation of AI models. These 
evaluations could either be performed internally from an independent 
unit of an AI developer organization or by a trustworthy third party. 
Independent evaluations of AI models can ensure AI applications made 
available to consumers and businesses protect sensitive data from being 
leaked and ensure the application performs as intended.

    Question 4. Mr. Lutnick, do you believe that voluntary and 
evidence-based standards that establish consistent methods for 
independent evaluations (either within an organization or by a third 
party) of AI models could be a valuable tool to help U.S. innovators 
maintain a competitive lead in AI?
    Answer. U.S. leadership on AI standards is vitally important to our 
national and economic security. Upon confirmation, I look forward to 
looking with you and your staff to identify the best ways to achieve 
this goal.

    Communications Supply Chain and Cybersecurity: Last Congress, we 
worked on a bipartisan basis to close the funding shortfall to a 
Federal Communications Commission program to remove dangerous Chinese 
equipment from communications networks. The Salt Typhoon attack showed 
how we need to do a better job securing our data and communications 
infrastructure.
    The CHIPS & Science Act prioritizes supply chain resiliency and the 
development of new Open Radio Access Network (Open-RAN) technology 
manufactured by trusted U.S. vendors.

    Question 5. Mr. Lutnick, in the wake of threats we have seen from 
Chinese attacks and insecure equipment made by Huawei, if confirmed, 
what is your plan to build and upgrade our communications networks with 
trusted and secure vendors?
    Answer. I am aware of the threat posed by Huawei and other 
companies associated with the Chinese Communist Party and People's 
Liberation Army. I look forward to working with the Administration and 
Congress to ensure that the programs and resources of the Department 
and our partners ensure that the United States is able to maintain a 
robust and trusted telecommunications infrastructure.

    Cybersecurity: During your nomination hearing, you used the 
cybersecurity standards and guidance developed by the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a model for how the 
Department of Commerce should approach Artificial Intelligence. In 
recent years, NIST has produced cybersecurity guidance for 
organizations of all sizes including the recently updated Cybersecurity 
Framework and associated resources. Even beyond the Department of 
Commerce, several U.S. Departments and Agencies coordinate, assert 
jurisdiction over, or enforce sector-specific rules, with respect to 
cybersecurity. As a result, small businesses struggle to allocate 
resources to understand and implement cyber defenses and many large 
companies with sufficient resources still find themselves vulnerable to 
preventable cyberattacks. These attacks can result in financial losses, 
service disruptions, legal consequences, and economic harm that 
directly impacts Americans.

    Question 6. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, what actions would you take, 
or recommend Congress to take, to amplify the impact of cybersecurity 
standards and guidance produced by the Department of Commerce to 
improve cyber resilience across the private sector?
    Answer. NIST's prior work on cybersecurity standards is the gold 
standard for the world. Upon confirmation, I will build on this work 
through the creation of AI standards, and I look forward to working 
with you and your staff to improve cyber resilience.

    Question 7. Will you commit to helping harmonize the application of 
cybersecurity rules, regulations, or guidelines across the Federal 
government where appropriate?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to working with you and 
your staff on this issue.

    Export Controls & Emerging Technologies: Global competition in key 
technologies has continued to increase in recent years. To protect 
sensitive U.S. technologies from adversaries, Presidents Trump and 
Biden have issued export controls to limit the sale of U.S.-made 
semiconductor, quantum, AI, and aerospace technologies to countries of 
concern. This month, the Department of Commerce updated export controls 
to promote access to U.S. innovations in AI among trusted allies while 
limiting the sale of advanced semiconductors to adversaries.

    Question 8. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, how would you carry out an 
export control strategy that balances safeguarding U.S. technologies 
with promoting American competitiveness globally?
    Answer. This is a central question moving forward, and I will 
commit to collect inputs from Congress, industry, and the public as we 
work to properly protect U.S. technology from exploitation by malign 
actors.

    Question 9. Which reforms do you believe Congress should provide 
the Department following the enactment of the Export Control Reform Act 
of 2018?
    Answer. President Trump's America First Trade Policy Memorandum 
directs the Department to study this issue. I should refrain from 
prejudging the results of that study, but I look forward to working 
with Congress to implement any proposals that result from it.

    Question 10. How will you work to increase interagency 
collaboration in the development of export controls and provide 
sufficient transparency for impacted U.S. companies?
    Answer. There is a robust interagency process around U.S. export 
controls, and I will work to ensure this process runs smoothly and with 
as much transparency as possible while still protecting privacy and 
national security.

    Question 11. In your view, what amount of additional personnel and 
appropriations would the Bureau of Industry and Security, including the 
Office of Information and Communications Technology Services (ICTS), 
need to succeed?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to closely reviewing the 
needs of the Department of Commerce, including BIS.

    Semiconductors & NSTC: Considering the ongoing importance of 
ensuring the U.S. is leading in both the design and manufacturing of 
semiconductor chips, it is essential the progress we have made via the 
CHIPS R&D Office and the National Semiconductor Technology Center 
(NSTC) continues.

    Question 12. Can you commit to ensuring continued funding at the 
levels that Congress appropriated and the Commerce Dept has awarded to 
date?
    Answer. I will efficiently and effectively execute on congressional 
funding that Congress appropriates to the Department.

    Question 13. Specifically, for the NSTC facilities in Arizona, 
California, and New York? What is your timeline?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to getting detailed 
briefings on those announced projects and the expected timelines.

    Question 14. How will you ensure different NSTC facilities 
established across the United States remain coordinated with each other 
within their program activities and those of the Department of 
Defense's Microelectronics Commons?
    Answer. The Department plays a critical role in driving American 
innovation, especially in areas of critical technology that are 
critical for our competition with China. From efforts at NIST to drive 
innovation AI, quantum science, semiconductors, and cybersecurity, to 
programs at BIS that help protect U.S. leadership in critical those 
same critical technology areas, I will ensure that the Department is 
well positioned to continue to drive U.S. innovation. I look forward to 
working with the Administration and Congress to that end.

    Outdoor Recreation: The Department of Commerce recently created an 
Office of Travel and Tourism. The Office has a dedicated mission to 
attract domestic and international visitors to landmarks across the 
country. Colorado has a rich and diverse outdoor recreation economy 
that spurs travel and tourism to communities across the state and 
contributes $14B to our GDP.

    Question 15. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, how would you ensure the 
enforcement of tariffs does not unduly harm the needs of the outdoor 
recreation sector and the Department of Commerce's tourism mission?
    Answer. President Donald J. Trump, through his America First Trade 
policy, will fight for American workers and businesses, including the 
U.S. travel and tourism industry. The President has made clear that 
tariffs are a crucial tool in making sure that America is no longer 
taken advantage of by our trading partners.

    Question 16. What is your general view on exemptions, which have 
precedent following prior tariffs, to avoid undue harm to small 
businesses including the outdoor recreation sector?
    Answer. I understand President Donald J. Trump's America First 
Trade Policy Memorandum directs the Department and other agencies to 
study tariffs in a variety of contexts. I cannot speak to those efforts 
and, moreover, I will refrain from prejudging the results of that 
study.
Tariff Exceptions
    Under the last Trump Administration, many companies filed for 
exemptions from the application of tariffs issued under Section 301 of 
the Trade Act. The Trump Administration has stated its intent to apply 
tariffs in the near future on neighboring allies ahead of the USMCA 
review in 2026. There are U.S.-based companies with operations in the 
U.S. and Canada who are fearful they will have to pay tariffs on their 
own intra-company, essentially internal shipments of supplies, 
necessary to make their products.

    Question 17. How should new tariff policies account for intra-
company shipments?
    Answer. I understand President Donald J. Trump's America First 
Trade Policy Memorandum directs the Department and other agencies to 
study tariffs in a variety of contexts. I will refrain from prejudging 
the results of that study.

    U.S. Mexico Canada Agreement Review: The Trump Administration 
entered into the U.S. Mexico Canada Agreement (USMCA) to reform the 
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). USMCA requires a 
comprehensive review before the end of 2026 to evaluate trade 
compliance under the USMCA. Colorado's top three exports to Canada and 
Mexico include agricultural, machinery, and electronics products. 
Colorado also has a leading aerospace sector that contributes to our 
national security and space exploration missions.

    Question 18. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, how will the Department of 
Commerce help ensure all U.S. businesses have a level playing field as 
part of the upcoming USMCA review?
    Answer. One of the Department's core missions is to ensure fair 
treatment for U.S. businesses and an even playing field on the global 
stage. That will remain a priority.

    Question 19. Which sectors of the economy do you believe will 
benefit the most by the USMCA review?
    Answer. I will not prejudge the results of the coming review.

    Tariffs and Chips: The first Trump Administration imposed tariffs 
on Chinese goods such as motor vehicle parts. According to the U.S. 
International Trade Commission, the full burden of the tariffs were 
passed on to our own importers, rather than any of this cost being 
incurred by the Chinese exporters. The Trump Administration also 
imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum which increased prices and 
production costs in industries like car manufacturing and oil and gas. 
While the bipartisan CHIPS Act is growing manufacturing here in the 
U.S., the President stated he will be imposing tariffs on 
semiconductors from Taiwan.

    Question 20. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, will you ensure that the 
U.S. government honors its financial commitments under the CHIPS Act to 
companies who are ramping up their domestic manufacturing facilities?
    Answer. I will ensure that the American people get the benefit of 
the bargain, and that CHIPS Act money achieves its intended goal. I 
will take a rigorous approach to ensure that the agreements that the 
Department makes as part of the CHIPS act deliver for the American 
people.

    Question 21. What is your plan to offset rising costs for the raw 
materials we need for domestic manufacturing of semiconductors?
    Answer. Semiconductors represent a critical supply chain for the 
economic and national security of the United States. Upon my 
confirmation, the Department will be taking a whole of government 
approach as we seek to secure those supply chains.

    Broadband Workforce: Every American deserves access to high-speed 
broadband. Too many Coloradans and households across rural America lack 
access to any broadband service. While Congress has invested over $42 
billion to expand access to high-speed broadband, we need to make sure 
we have enough workers to build these important projects. Reports 
indicate we need roughly 30,000 more workers in the next five years to 
build Federal broadband projects we invested in.

    Question 22. Mr. Lutnick, what is your plan to ensure the U.S. has 
enough workers ready to put shovels in the ground to build the 
broadband networks of the future?
    Answer. The United States has the greatest workforce in the world. 
Upon confirmation, I will ensure that we have the workers to build out 
these broadband networks of the future. I will engage with all 
stakeholders to achieve a highly-trained broadband workforce that will 
help lead our country into the future.

    Natural Disaster Monitoring & NOAA: We have seen devastating 
wildfires rampage across the City of Los Angeles. In Colorado, we are 
all too familiar with natural disasters such as wildfires and drought. 
Today, every part of the United States is vulnerable to some form of a 
natural disaster. We need to continue pushing the limits of space-based 
Earth observation technologies, weather forecasting capabilities, and 
mitigation planning, thus fortifying our economy, national security, 
and individuals' safety.

    Question 23. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, how do you plan to expand 
NOAA's research efforts that enable better forecasts, give earlier 
warnings, and improve preparedness for natural disasters?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will seek to ensure that NOAA leads 
the world in providing the best forecasts, earliest warnings, and 
maintains optimal preparedness for national disasters to the benefit of 
the American people.

    Question 24. How do you plan to support NOAA and its University-
based Cooperative Institutes to serve the Nation's needs in weather, 
oceans, and coasts?
    Answer. The Cooperative Institutes are key partners with NOAA in 
its mission to serve the American people.

    Question 25. Will you support necessary funding for NOAA's GeoXO 
program as well as next-generation Low Earth Orbit (LEO) weather and 
space weather satellite programs?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will ensure that there is funding for 
NOAA to continue to collect robust data from satellites to satisfy its 
mission to the American people.

    Spectrum: The National Telecommunications & Information 
Administration (NTIA) manages Federal agencies' use of spectrum used by 
Federal agencies to complete their missions. The Institute of 
Telecommunications Sciences is located in Boulder, CO and is the 
leading spectrum lab for the Department of Commerce. It is no secret 
that Congress and the Executive Branch have struggled to balance the 
commercial demands for spectrum with essential Federal agency missions. 
For example:

   In the auction for commercial licenses in the 24 GHz band, 
        agencies such as NOAA and NASA, as well as scientists, raised 
        concerns about potential electromagnetic interference impacting 
        weather forecasting.

   In the auction for commercial licenses in the ``C-Band'', 
        agencies such as the FAA and the airline industry raised 
        concerns about potential interference impacting aviation safety 
        technologies.

   In various Congressional, Interagency, and private sector 
        conversations around a provision in the Bipartisan 
        Infrastructure Law regarding the ``Lower 3 GHz'' band, concerns 
        have been raised about any auction for commercial licenses 
        causing potential interference impacting national security 
        missions carried out by the Department of Defense.

    These proceedings saw disagreements arise over (1) the design, 
execution, and leadership of studies to evaluate the feasibility of 
sharing or reallocating spectrum and (2) the likelihood of spectrum 
interference to adjacent spectrum users.

    Question 26. If confirmed, how would you ensure the Department of 
Commerce executes a balanced spectrum management approach that fairly 
considers the equities of the Federal agencies it is responsible by 
statute for representing? Will you commit to allowing evidence-based 
and impartial studies to help guide spectrum policy decisions?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will take a thoughtful, rigorous, and 
data-driven approach to spectrum management, taking into account 
national security, commercial applications, and the effects on the 
American taxpayer.

    Spectrum Relocation Fund: Under the Spectrum Relocation Fund, an 
agency may only be reimbursed for a ``comparable capability'' in terms 
of costs to modify their systems following a spectrum reallocation or 
spectrum sharing action.

    Question 27. Do you believe this mechanism has been interpreted in 
a way that limits the ability of Federal agencies to modify and 
modernize their systems following a spectrum reallocation or sharing 
action? If yes, what impact would this have on the ability of Federal 
agencies from fulfilling their missions which require access to 
spectrum?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will review the Spectrum Relocation 
Fund to determine its impact on Federal agencies.
                                 ______
                                 
   Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. John Fetterman to 
                             Howard Lutnick
    Question 1. The Department of Commerce plays a key role in 
administering and enforcing our anti-dumping/counter vailing duty (AD/
CVD) laws. These are tools that domestic industry uses to counter 
unfair trade practices that put American workers at a disadvantage on 
the international playing field. Despite these tools, China has built 
up a massive amount of overcapacity in sectors like steel and is 
flooding the market globally with dumped and subsidized steel. Chinese 
companies are also making massive investments in steelmaking capacity 
outside China through cross border subsidization, to evade payment of 
duties on from prior AD/CVD investigations. Do you agree that we need 
more tools to address schemes like these to protect critical domestic 
industries like iron and steel making? If so, what suggestions do you 
have for steps Commerce can take under existing statute to address 
unfair trade practices and what recommendations would you propose to 
Congress to ensure a level playing field for American workers and 
industry?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to studying the issue and 
working with Congress to make sure that the Department has the 
resources and tools it needs to strongly enforce our trade laws and 
address unfair trade practices by foreign actors.

    Question 2. I am closely monitoring the current outbreak of Highly 
Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) and the serious threat it poses to 
our Nation's public health, food production, and the way of life of 
farmers across the country. President Trump has threatened to levy 
tariffs as early as February 1, 2025 on Mexico and Canada, with other 
nations implicated in the near future. The President, yourself, and I 
share the same goals to reshore American manufacturing and reduce our 
dependence on China. However, I am concerned that disruptions in our 
supply chain from retaliatory tariffs or increased prices could 
negatively impact the ability of biomedical manufacturers currently 
operating in the United States to meet increased demand should this 
outbreak become something much worse. Are you committed to closely 
reviewing the impact that tariffs on medical equipment, vaccines, 
medications, and any components that are necessary to manufacture these 
aforementioned items, would have on the ability of U.S. manufacturers 
to meet demand if the current HPAI outbreak becomes more severe?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will do whatever is necessary to 
ensure the safety and prosperity of the American people.

    Question 3. It's essential that the new generation of American 
high-tech manufacturing being enabled by CHIPS Act funding creates 
quality jobs that can sustain Pennsylvania families and their 
communities. Strong labor protections, including the use of Project 
Labor Agreements (PLAs), are indispensable to getting that done. I was 
glad that the Department of Commerce recognized the importance of PLAs 
and other pro-worker tools and policies, like requiring the use of 
registered apprentices, to delivering these high-tech investments on 
time and within their budgets. If confirmed, will you commit to 
maintaining the Department's policies supporting the use of PLAs and 
strong labor protections for the Pennsylvania workers who are breaking 
their backs to build our future?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to reviewing all such 
agreements and ensuring that they are structured to deliver the best 
results for the American people.
                                 ______
                                 
Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Lisa Blunt Rochester to 

                             Howard Lutnick
Question Title: Broadband Access and Digital Skills
    The National Telecommunications and Information Administration 
(NTIA) administers the Broadband Equity Access and Deployment (BEAD) 
program and the Digital Equity Act. These laws increase access to 
broadband and help improve digital skills to underserved communities 
like seniors and veterans. Older Americans are particularly at risk of 
being scammed and defrauded. Digital skills can help prepare seniors to 
recognize and avoid online traps.

    Question 1. Do you think NTIA should continue to support digital 
skills training for older Americans?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to analyzing the BEAD 
program to ensure that all Americans, including older Americans, are 
getting the benefit of the bargain.

    Question 2. Do you think NTIA should support digital skills 
training for veterans, Americans in rural areas, and those who face 
substantial barriers to skills training?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to analyzing the BEAD 
program to ensure that all Americans, including veterans and rural 
Americans, are getting the benefit of the bargain.

    Question 3. What steps will you take as Secretary to promote 
digital literacy for seniors and other underserved communities?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to analyzing the BEAD 
program to ensure that all Americans, including seniors and other 
underserved communities, are getting the benefit of the bargain.

    Question 4. Do you think artificial intelligence literacy is a 
component of digital literacy?
    Answer. Understanding how artificial intelligence works and how it 
impacts the lives of all Americans is important to protecting U.S. 
national and economic security.

    Question 5. More than 50,000 Delaware households needed support to 
afford Internet access and benefited from the Affordable Connectivity 
Program, which lapsed in April 2024. Do you think affordable Internet 
access is essential to full participation in the modern economy?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will work to ensure that programs 
designed to make broadband more affordable address the problem 
effectively.

    Question 6. Do you think the Commerce Department, NTIA, and the 
Administration should prioritize making broadband more affordable for 
Americans?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will work to ensure that programs 
designed to make broadband more affordable address the problem 
effectively.

    Question 7. Delaware was the second state in the Nation to submit 
its BEAD plan, which has been approved. Delaware is on track to be the 
first fully connected state. Do you commit to honoring Delaware's 
approved BEAD plan and implement the law as written by Congress?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I plan to review BEAD funding closely, 
ensure thoughtful consideration is provided to all states, including 
Delaware, and implement the law to ensure efficient and effective 
outcomes for all Americans.
Question Title: Advanced Manufacturing Competitiveness
    Question 8. Manufacturing is critical to our economic growth, 
national security, and general prosperity. Historically, the U.S. has 
led the world as an innovation and manufacturing powerhouse. However, 
that leadership is not guaranteed. Over the last several decades, our 
country has fallen behind in many ways compared to competitors around 
the world. The Manufacturing USA program administered by the Department 
of Commerce helps address this problem. As I mentioned in the hearing, 
one of those centers of excellence is located in my state--the National 
Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals (NIIMBL). 
Institutes like NIIMBL accelerate the development and adoption of 
innovative manufacturing technologies, develop new standards and best 
practices, create and train a manufacturing workforce, and help secure 
our economic security. What strategies would you employ as Secretary to 
support advanced manufacturing leadership?
    Answer. Bringing back all manufacturing to the United States, 
including advanced manufacturing, is a distinct priority of mine. Upon 
confirmation, I will use all appropriate tools available to me to 
accomplish this goal.

    Question 9. Do you believe that continued investment in bipartisan 
efforts like the Manufacturing USA program is important to ensure the 
U.S. competitiveness?
    Answer. Promoting U.S. manufacturing and competitiveness is a 
distinct priority of mine. Upon confirmation, I will use all 
appropriate tools available to me to accomplish this goal.

    Question 10. The Delaware Manufacturing Extension Partnership spurs 
innovation, investment, and opportunity for workers in my state. 
Project 2025 suggests privatizing the Hollings Manufacturing Extension 
Partnership. Do you agree with this proposal?
    Answer. I was not affiliated with Project 2025. I am not in a 
position to opine on any of its plans or materials.

    Question 11. Do you think the MEP program is valuable?
    Answer. I appreciate the valuable work that the MEP program has 
done to advance American manufacturing. As with all programs, I will 
review the MEP closely to ensure that it is operating efficiently and 
effectively to ensure that American taxpayers are getting the benefit 
of the bargain.
Question Title: Women in Construction
    Question 12. The Million Women in Construction Initiative at the 
Department of Commerce aims to expand the American construction 
workforce by doubling the number of women in construction over the next 
decade. President Trump issued an Executive Order eliminating DEI 
programs. Do you consider the Women in Construction Initiative a DEI 
program?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will carefully examine all Department 
programs and the effect of President Donald J. Trump's Executive Order, 
titled ``Ending Radical and Wasteful Government DEI Programs and 
Preferencing'' on those programs.

    Question 13. Would you end Commerce's support for increasing the 
number of women in the construction industry?
    Answer. Upon confirmation, I will carefully examine all Department 
programs and the effect of President Donald J. Trump's Executive Order, 
titled ``Ending Radical and Wasteful Government DEI Programs and 
Preferencing'' on those programs.
Question Title: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
    Question 14. You have shared that as a patent holder you have 
personal experience with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Are you 
aware of how President Trump's plan to end remote work for Federal 
workers could impact the USPTO?
    Answer. I am aware and I am excited by the benefits of the 
President's plan. I share his belief that in-person, on-site work 
improves collaboration, communication, and accountability. For those 
positions with critical skill sets and hard-to-fill vacancies, I will 
work with USPTO to evaluate remote work as a potential tool to be 
employed on a case-by-case basis to address unusual needs.

    Question 15. USPTO has used remote work as a business strategy 
since the 90s and 96 percent of the USPTO workforce is remote or has 
telework agreements. How would you suggest USPTO prevent massive 
disruptions if they must comply with President Trump's plan?
    Answer. I would not expect any disruptions. I share the President's 
belief that in-person, on-site work improves collaboration, 
communication, and accountability, and will be a net positive for every 
agency. For those positions with critical skill sets and hard-to-fill 
vacancies, I will work with USPTO to evaluate remote work as a 
potential tool to be employed on a case-by-case basis to address 
unusual needs.
Question Title: NOAA's Independence
    Question 16. NOAA is a critical bureau at the Department of 
Commerce that is responsible for climate monitoring, coastal 
restoration, environmental satellite information, and other services 
that low-lying states and coastal communities like Delaware rely on. Do 
you commit to honoring the scientific integrity of NOAA's work?
    Answer. Having reliable, more accurate data will enable better 
policy and thus improve Americans' lives. Upon confirmation, I will 
support NOAA's scientific work and make sure the agency continues to 
follow the scientific method faithfully.

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