    [Senate Hearing 119-207]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]

                                                            S. Hrg. 119-207

                         NOMINATION OF HOWARD LUTNICK,
                            NOMINEE TO BE SECRETARY,
                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

    =======================================================================

                                    HEARING

                                   BEFORE THE

                             COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE,
                          SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION
                              UNITED STATES SENATE

                        ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                                 FIRST SESSION

                                   __________

                                JANUARY 29, 2025

                                   __________

        Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
                                 Transportation

    [GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                    Available online: http://www.govinfo.gov

                                    __________

                       U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE
    61-929 PDF                  WASHINGTON : 2025

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

           SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION

                        ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                                 FIRST SESSION

                           TED CRUZ, Texas, Chairman
    JOHN THUNE, South Dakota             MARIA CANTWELL, Washington,
    ROGER WICKER, Mississippi                Ranking
    DEB FISCHER, Nebraska                AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota
    JERRY MORAN, Kansas                  BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii
    DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska                 EDWARD MARKEY, Massachusetts
    MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee          GARY PETERS, Michigan
    TODD YOUNG, Indiana                  TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin
    TED BUDD, North Carolina             TAMMY DUCKWORTH, Illinois
    ERIC SCHMITT, Missouri               JACKY ROSEN, Nevada
    JOHN CURTIS, Utah                    BEN RAY LUJAN, New Mexico
    BERNIE MORENO, Ohio                  JOHN HICKENLOOPER, Colorado
    TIM SHEEHY, Montana                  JOHN FETTERMAN, Pennsylvania
    SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West Virginia  ANDY KIM, New Jersey
    CYNTHIA LUMMIS, Wyoming              LISA BLUNT ROCHESTER, Delaware
                     Brad Grantz, Republican Staff Director
               Nicole Christus, Republican Deputy Staff Director
                         Liam McKenna, General Counsel
                       Lila Harper Helms, Staff Director
                     Melissa Porter, Deputy Staff Director
                         Jonathan Hale, General Counsel

                                C O N T E N T S

                                  ----------
                                                                       Page
    Hearing held on January 29, 2025.................................     1
    Statement of Senator Cruz........................................     1
        Letter dated January 2, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Heidi Brock, President and Chief Executive
          Officer, American Forest & Paper Association...............   100
        Letter dated January 21, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Nick Catino, Global Head of Policy, Deel.....   101
        Letter dated January 22, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz from Todd
          Schlekeway, President and CEO, NATE: The Communications
          Infrastructure Contractors Association.....................   102
        Letter dated January 24, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Mat Dunn, Senior Director, Global Business
          and Government Afairs, SpaceX..............................   102
        Letter dated January 24, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Grant Spellmeyer, President and CEO, ACA
          Connects--America's Communications Association.............   103
        Letter dated January 24, 2025 to the Senators from Heather R.
          Higgins, CEO, Independent Women's Voice. and Carrie Lukas,
          Vice President, Independent Women's Voice..................   103
        Letter dated January 27, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz from Chet
          Thompson, President and CEO, American Fuel & Petrochemical
          Manufacturers..............................................   104
        Letter dated January 27, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz from Mike
          Sommers, President and CEO, American Petroleum Institute...   104
        Letter dated January 27, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and
          Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Dave Cavossa, President,
          Commercial Space Federation................................   105
        Letter dated January 27, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Meredith Attwell Baker, CTIA--The Wireless
          Association................................................   105
        Letter dated January 27, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Philip K. Bell, President, Steel
          Manufacturers Association..................................   106
        Letter dated January 27, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Shirley Bloomfield, Chief Executive Officer,
          NTCA--The Rural Broadband Association......................   107
        Letter dated January 27, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Jonathan Spalter, President and Chief
          Executive Officer, USTelecom--The Broadband Association....   108
        Letter dated January 27, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz from Robert S
          Fisher, SVP, Federal Government Relations & Public Affairs,
          Verizon....................................................   108
        Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Kevin W. Keane, President and CEO, American
          Beverage Association.......................................   109
        Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Chis Jahn, President and CEO, American
          Chemistry Council..........................................   109
        Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Commerce Committee from
          Nathan Leamer, Executive Director, Digital First Project...   110
        Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Jonathan Samford, President and CEO, Global
          Business Alliance..........................................   110
        Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from American Sportfishing Association, BoatUS,
          Bonefish & Tarpon Trust, Center for Sportfishing Policy,
          Coastal Conservation Association, International Game Fish
          Association, Marine Retailers Association of the Americas,
          and National Marine Manufacturers Association..............   111
        Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Tom Stroup, President, Satellite Industry
          Association................................................   112
        Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Morgan Reed, President, ACT | The App
          Association................................................   112
        Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from David French, Executive Vice President,
          Government Relations, National Retail Federation...........   113
        Letter dated January 28, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Carl Holshouser, Executive Vice President,
          TechNet....................................................   114
        Letter dated January 29, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Craig Albright, Senior Vice President,
          Business Software Alliance.................................   115
        Letter dated January 29, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Clay Mowry, CEO, American Institute of
          Aeronautics and Astronautics...............................   115
        Letter dated January 29, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Brian Pomper, Executive Director, Innovation
          Alliance...................................................   116
        Letter dated January 29, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria
          Cantwell from Michael K. Powell, President and CEO, NCTA--
          The Internet & Television Association......................   118
        Prepared Statement from Alliance for the Future..............   118
        Letter to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria Cantwell from Chief Al
          Gillespie (Ret), President, PSBTA..........................   119
        Letter to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria Cantwell from Edward
          G. Atsinger III, Cofounder/Executive Chairman of the Board,
          Salem Media Group; and David P. Santrella, Chief Executive
          Officer, Salem Media Group.................................   119
    Statement of Senator Cantwell....................................     2
    Statement of Senator Thune.......................................     4
    Statement of Senator Klobuchar...................................    50
    Statement of Senator Wicker......................................    52
    Statement of Senator Schatz......................................    54
    Statement of Senator Fischer.....................................    55
    Statement of Senator Baldwin.....................................    57
    Statement of Senator Moran.......................................    59
    Statement of Senator Markey......................................    61
    Statement of Senator Sullivan....................................    62
    Statement of Senator Peters......................................    64
    Statement of Senator Blackburn...................................    66
    Statement of Senator Duckworth...................................    67
    Statement of Senator Young.......................................    69
    Statement of Senator Rosen.......................................    71
    Statement of Senator Budd........................................    73
    Statement of Senator Kim.........................................    75
    Statement of Senator Schmitt.....................................    76
    Statement of Senator Blunt Rochester.............................    78
    Statement of Senator Sheehy......................................    80
    Statement of Senator Lujan.......................................    82
    Statement of Senator Curtis......................................    84
    Statement of Senator Hickenlooper................................    86
    Statement of Senator Lummis......................................    88
    Statement of Senator Moreno......................................    89

                                   Witnesses

    Hon. J. D. Vance, Vice President of the United States............     5
    Howard Lutnick, Nominee to be Secretary, U.S. Department of
      Commerce.......................................................     7
        Prepared statement...........................................     9
        Biographical information.....................................    10

                                    Appendix

    Response to written questions submitted to Howard Lutnick by:
        Hon. Roger Wicker............................................   121
        Hon. Jerry Moran.............................................   123
        Hon. Tim Sheehy..............................................   128
        Hon. Dan Sullivan............................................   129
        Hon. Todd Young..............................................   134
        Hon. Ted Budd................................................   135
        Hon. Eric Schmitt............................................   136
        Hon. Shelley Moore Capito....................................   137
        Hon. Maria Cantwell..........................................   138
        Hon. Amy Klobuchar...........................................   153
        Hon. Edward Markey...........................................   154
        Hon. Gary Peters.............................................   156
        Hon. Tammy Baldwin...........................................   159
        Hon. Tammy Duckworth.........................................   161
        Hon. Jacky Rosen.............................................   162
        Hon. Ben Ray Lujan...........................................   162
        Hon. John Hickenlooper.......................................   163
        Hon. John Fetterman..........................................   167
        Hon. Lisa Blunt Rochester....................................   168

                         NOMINATION OF HOWARD LUTNICK,
                            NOMINEE TO BE SECRETARY,
                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

                                  ----------

                          WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 29, 2025

                                           U.S. Senate,
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
                                                        Washington, DC.
        The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:18 a.m., in
    room SR-253, Russell Senate Office Building, Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman of the Committee, presiding.
        Present: Senators Cruz [presiding], Thune, Wicker, Fischer,
    Moran, Sullivan, Blackburn, Young, Budd, Schmitt, Curtis,
    Moreno, Sheehy, Lummis, Cantwell, Klobuchar, Schatz, Markey,
    Peters, Baldwin, Duckworth, Rosen, Lujan, Hickenlooper, Kim,
    and Blunt Rochester.

                  OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. TED CRUZ,
                        U.S. SENATOR FROM TEXAS

        The Chairman. I just want to make the Chairman of the
    Senate Armed Services Committee feel at home. I figure things
    that go bang, naturally make him feel welcome.
        Good morning, everyone. Welcome. The Senate Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation will come to order.
        Today, we are considering the nomination of Howard Lutnick
    to be the next Secretary of Commerce. Mr. Lutnick,
    congratulations on this important nomination. I know there are
    many members of this committee that are interested in hearing
    from you today.
        As Secretary of Commerce, Mr. Lutnick will be responsible
    not only for implementing major aspects of President Trump's
    agenda, but also effectively and efficiently carrying out some
    of the most sweeping laws Congress has passed in the last few
    years, like the CHIPS and Science Act. Mr. Lutnick is well
    qualified to accomplish this mission.
        Mr. Lutnick's story embodies the American spirit of
    resilience and achievement. The son of a history professor and
    an artist, Mr. Lutnick was born and raised in New York. He lost
    both of his parents by the time he was 18, and he put himself
    through Haverford College, with the help of a generous
    scholarship from the school. Immediately after graduating, he
    started at Cantor Fitzgerald, one of the world's leading
    financial services firms, becoming its Chairman at just 35
    years old.
        On September 11, 2001, terrorists killed Mr. Lutnick's
    brother, Gary, and 658 Cantor Fitzgerald employees, who were
    working on five floors in the North Tower of the World Trade
    Center. It was the largest loss of life among any single
    organization on that tragic day. In the wake of that tragedy,
    Mr. Lutnick not only rebuilt the company, but he grew it into a
    powerhouse, with operations in more than 60 offices in 20
    countries and over 13,000 employees.
        Mr. Lutnick has also given back in incredible ways. For
    five years following the 9/11 attacks, he ensured the families
    of the Cantor Fitzgerald employees who were killed received 25
    percent of the company's profits.
        He still donates his time today as a member of the Board of
    Directors of the National September 11 Memorial and Museum. He
    also served on the board of Haverford College for over 20 years
    and made generous gifts to the school, including an athletic
    center, in honor of his brother and friend who died on 9/11,
    and an art gallery, in honor of his mother who was an artist.
        Over the next few years, the Department will be leading on
    key issues, such as export controls of emerging technologies,
    keeping the Gulf open for oil and gas exploration, expanding
    commercial access to mid-band spectrum, and ensuring America's
    leadership in AI innovation and commercial space, and helping
    lead the resurgence of manufacturing in America.
        My home state of Texas, as well as the rest of the nation,
    will benefit from Mr. Lutnick's leadership on all these fronts.
    I look forward to hearing from Mr. Lutnick on these and other
    topics.
        And I now turn to Ranking Member Cantwell for her opening
    statement.

                   STATEMENT OF HON. MARIA CANTWELL,
                      U.S. SENATOR FROM WASHINGTON

        Senator Cantwell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I would like
    to associate myself with your remarks because they are very
    similar to the ones that I was going to make as it relates to
    the charge of a Commerce Secretary. Mr. Lutnick, welcome today.
    We look forward to hearing your testimony. Welcome to your
    family. And as Senator Cruz says, you have a very compelling
    story. As I expressed when I met you, your resiliency as an
    individual is truly amazing.
        The Secretary of Commerce has the vital responsibility and
    a very broad mission agency with lots of complex issues that
    affect many sectors of the economy. That is the challenge here.
    And as my colleague just mentioned, one of those, top of the
    list, is the Bureau of Industry and Security, which implements
    export control on dual-use technology for both commercial and
    military or proliferation applications.
        So this responsibility just got a lot bigger yesterday when
    we saw an announcement from China that took $600 billion out of
    the valuation of a leading American company overnight. The
    issue of export controls and this organization, BIS, within the
    Department of Commerce, is going to be a very big issue for
    you.
        I want to say that I very much appreciate the former
    Commerce Secretary, Secretary Raimondo. I think she really was
    a standout in implementing the policies that Senator Cruz just
    mentioned, but also in trying to build consensus among the
    private sector of how to deal with these export issues. I hope
    you will follow that lead.
        But in addition to this AI challenge that we face, the
    President, in his January 20, 2025, memorandum on America First
    trade policy, directs you, the Secretary of Commerce, to work
    with the Secretary of State on the review of those export
    controls and to advise on modifications in light of
    developments with strategic adversaries and geopolitical
    rivals. So an additional, if you will, a nod to the President
    as saying that Howard Lutnick is the guy that has to determine
    these export control issues.
        Vital agreements between, I think, the Department of
    Commerce and the private sector to ensure a vital advanced
    semiconductor manufacturing sector returns to the United States
    as soon as possible is a big priority for this committee. I am
    glad to hear that Chairman Cruz mentioned it, because states
    like Texas, Ohio, Arizona, New York, and many others on the
    applications of grants through the Department of Commerce are
    counting on that continued support to make sure that this
    agenda gets done, that we are bringing the manufacturing supply
    chain of semiconductors and semiconductor advanced chips, back
    to the United States as fast as possible. So we look forward to
    hearing your comments on that.
        You'll also oversee the National Telecommunications and
    Information Administration, charged by Congress to manage
    spectrum sharing across all government agencies. The two people
    to my left, Senator Klobuchar and Senator Thune, I cannot think
    of two bigger leaders on the 5G, 6G, how is it going to get
    done, and when is it going to get done. But you will be tasked
    with that very difficult challenge and negotiating between NTIA
    and DoD, and our international efforts at the world radio
    spectrum.
        You will also oversee the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
    Administration, 60 percent of the Commerce budget. I will never
    forget in a hearing, Mr. Chairman, when then-Secretary of
    Commerce Ron Brown said, ``I am the Secretary of Commerce. I
    oversee maritime and shipping and transportation and technology
    and telecom. But I guarantee you if a Member of Congress is
    calling me, he is calling me about fish.''
        [Laughter.]
        Senator Cantwell. And that says it all. Amen to that, as my
    colleague just said.
        So the point is, no matter all the busyness that you are
    now given by the President of the United States on these very
    important issues--and I would say, in my opinion, this is not
    the Secretary of Commerce of 20 years ago. No demeaning of the
    roles that they played for either administration, but the
    Secretary of Commerce today is now part of a critical
    consensus-building in a footrace of competition with China, and
    determining what those rules are going to be.
        And I do not believe that you can get there without the
    consensus bodybuilding that we did on CHIPS and Science. That
    exercise helped us. A lot of people might have thought we were
    just trying to pass an initiative. I was not. I was trying to
    respond to our Nation's competitive challenge, and I would have
    done anything to work together to make sure that that happened.
        And so you will be in charge of all of these things. Oh,
    and my colleague, the Chairman, mentioned space. I guarantee
    you there is a lot of work to be done in space, and you will be
    called to provide leadership with the new space office within
    the Department of Commerce.
        So the complexities, you are going to be a decision-maker
    on a lot of rules, which leads me to this next point.
        I am going to have a lot of questions about your
    involvement in the private sector. In the private sector, I am
    sure you played by the rules. We will ask you those questions.
    But the question is, you are going to be on the other side of
    the table now. You are going to be the rulemaker. So I am going
    to want to understand the issues of Tether, the issues of one-
    to-one, the issues of how we set rules. Because I think the
    President also gave you a new responsibility as it related to
    the crypto rules. And I am a fan of blockchain technology and
    of crypto. I am a little more on the CFTC side than I am on the
    SEC side. But, in general, I believe that markets need rules,
    and I believe that people in your position are going to have to
    play an even larger leadership role. So those are the questions
    I will be asking.
        Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
        The Chairman. Thank you, and as demonstration that you are
    a Big Cheese, Mr. Lutnick, you are to be introduced by the Vice
    President of the United States, and as I am reliably informed,
    he is about 3 minutes out.
        So we are going to do something in the Senate we are quite
    familiar with, which is filibuster.
        [Laughter.]
        The Chairman. And I took the Chairman's prerogative to ask
    the Senate Majority Leader if he could fill three minutes with
    words of wisdom. So I recognize Senator Thune to say whatever
    the hell he wants.
        [Laughter.]

                     STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN THUNE,
                     U.S. SENATOR FROM SOUTH DAKOTA

        Senator Thune. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I certainly cannot
    fill 3 minutes with words of wisdom. But as is true in the
    Senate, I can fill it with words. But let me just say
    congratulations, Mr. Lutnick. Welcome. We are excited to have
    you nominated for this important position. And as you shared in
    your--you will share, and as the Chairman shared, your very
    powerful and compelling life story. And it truly is an example
    of the American success story and somebody who has been able to
    live and pursue and experience the American dream in the midst
    of a lot of adversity along the way.
        So thank you for being here today and for your willingness
    to share your skill and your experience at a job that requires
    a lot of that.
        I hope that, and I expect you will touch on this today, one
    of the issues that we worked a lot on is spectrum. And
    obviously we need more spectrum, licensed and unlicensed. You
    will oversee the National Telecommunications and Information
    Administration, or NTIA, which is housed under the Department
    of Commerce, and manages the government's use of spectrum. And
    I look forward to working with you to ensure that the Federal
    Government is using spectrum efficiently and in a way that
    addresses the needs that we have for more commercial use in
    both licensed and unlicensed technologies.
        I expect you to address the NTIA Broadband Equity, Access,
    and Deployment Program, which provides over $42 billion, but as
    we know has not connected a single household. And there is a
    reason for that, and it is because it is focused on all the
    wrong things, instead of actually building broadband out into
    unserved areas.
        So those are a couple of areas I expect that you will
    address. And I see my time to filibuster has ended. We look
    forward to working with you on AI. It is a critical issue, and
    under this committee's jurisdiction. So welcome, thank you, and
    we wish you the best as you move forward.
        The Chairman. A predictably excellent job, Leader Thune. I
    think your remarks were spectrum good--we like, want more--all
    of which I enthusiastically agree.
        And we are now very pleased to welcome the Vice President
    of the United States, an august title, but equally august as a
    former member of the Senator Committee of Commerce, Science,
    and Transportation. So Vice President Vance, we are glad to
    welcome you back to your committee, and with that recognize you
    to introduce Mr. Lutnick.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. J. D. VANCE,
                  VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

        Vice President Vance. Great. Well, good morning, Mr.
    Chairman, Ranking Member Cantwell. And I see Senator Curtis has
    my old chair, so hopefully you have as much fun as I did and do
    as much good as I tried to do. Senator Moreno, and all the
    members of the Committee, I am thrilled to be here, and I am
    thrilled to introduce my dear friend, Howard Lutnick, who I
    think is going to make an amazing Commerce Secretary for the
    United States of America.
        You know, one of my mentors in business always said that
    any good business has both product people and sales people, and
    Howard is one of the few people who is both a product guy and a
    sales guy. And I want to talk about that because I think that
    America, as Commerce Secretary, needs a Commerce Secretary who
    is both a product guy and a sales guy.
        And what do I mean by that? If you look at his career,
    Howard is the kind of guy who developed innovative products. He
    has a number of patents to his name, something I did not even
    know when I first got to know Howard, but I learned later. But
    he is also an incredible sales guy. This is a person who, on
    the world stage, will say more and do more and convince
    businesses that America is back, that America is growing and
    thriving, and I think that will inure to the benefit, most
    importantly, of American workers who have seen their wages
    stagnate, their real living standards decline. And Howard is
    exactly the kind of guy that we need to reverse that trend and
    get American commerce back on track.
        Howard is, more than anybody maybe that I have ever met in
    the private sector, aware, in part because of the fact that he
    did not grow up with everything handed to him, of the way in
    which what happens in the real economy affects real people, and
    that if we have a thriving, growing economy we are going to
    have a stronger national security because we make more of our
    own stuff. We are also going to have an American workforce that
    is thriving, that is healthy, that is happy, and of course,
    that is what we are ultimately, I think, all of us here on the
    Commerce Committee, most focused on.
        Howard is a force of nature. For those of you who do not
    know him, and for the employees of the Commerce Department, I
    will say, with all apologies, you are going to work harder over
    the next 4 years than you probably have ever worked in your
    entire life. Howard is the kind of guy who can have you work 90
    hours a week and make you feel like you are still energetic at
    the end of the day because he is working 110 hours a week, and
    he never lets his foot off the gas, and he never forgets what
    the mission is that drives him to do all of the incredible
    things that he has done and that he will do, as Commerce
    Secretary.
        Now, I want to say a couple of words about Howard's
    biography because I think it influences certainly how I think
    about him, and I think it informs, hopefully, how all of you
    will think about his nomination. This is not a guy who was
    handed everything. He grew up in a family where they often
    struggled to make ends meet. He built one of the most
    successful and biggest financial firms in the world, and, of
    course, had it all destroyed by terrorist on 9/11/2001.
        Now, Howard did not die that day. He lost 600 employees,
    including, I believe, your brother, Howard. But he did not die
    that day because he took his son to kindergarten on the Upper
    East Side, and so he was not in the towers when the planes hit.
        But what he did in the wake of it is maybe more impressive
    than what he did before. One, he rebuilt the business to where
    it is today, again, one of the great financial firms in the
    entire world. But more importantly than that, he did not forget
    the families of the employees who lost their lives that day.
        And I will never forget, talk about a good salesman. When I
    visited New York on the anniversary of 9/11 during the
    campaign--and as you all know, campaigns are very busy; there
    is a lot going on--and Howard said, ``JD, you need to come by
    my office because on 9/11 every day, and we have done it since
    2001, we raise money for the families of the people who lost
    their lives that day.'' And I said, ``Howard, this is the
    middle of a Presidential campaign. Man, I am the vice
    Presidential nominee.'' And he said, ``No, no. You are coming.
    Trust me, you are coming.''
        And I showed up on the trading floor of Cantor Fitzgerald
    and every single person was selling and working their tails
    off, not to make money for Howard Lutnick or the business that
    day, but to make money for the relief efforts and the families
    who they still take care of, what is it now, 24 years later.
    And that is an incredible testament to a guy who does not
    forget where he came from, who does not forget the people that
    he lost that day, and I cannot think of a better person to be
    the Commerce Secretary than a person who is a product guy, who
    is a sales guy, and who is an incredible human being, who does
    not forget the employees that he lost that day.
        And I want to make one final observation. Howard has a
    beautiful family, and it is good to see all the kids here and
    his lovely wife. On the campaign trail, as you all know, I have
    three little kids, and I like to take my kids with me on the
    campaign trail whenever possible because I am a dad first. And
    as you also may know, when you have little kids, sometimes
    little kids do not behave all the time. In fact, they often do
    not behave.
        And I remember when we took our kids to Howard's house on
    the campaign trail, when we actually had a fundraiser that
    evening in a different place, but we had a few hours. And I
    told my wife, I said, ``We are going to take the kids to my
    buddy's house, Howard Lutnick's house.'' And she said, ``You
    know, do you really want to take our three kids, energetic,
    wound up, to somebody's house? They are going to destroy
    something. They are going to embarrass us.'' And I said,
    ``Howard's house, his wife's house, yes, actually.''
        And we spent the morning with them. We spent the afternoon
    with them. And then we went to our event. And I will never
    forget afterwards my wife looked at me and said, ``We felt like
    the kids could just be kids.'' Even though they did not know
    Howard, and even though Howard did not know them, he was a good
    enough guy to make it possible for our kids to just be kids.
        And I think that it is important to have the kind of person
    at Commerce who cannot just do the job, because Howard can
    certainly do the job, who has not just been wildly successful,
    because, of course, Howard has been wildly successful, but is
    just a good dude. And Howard is a good dude. He will make us
    proud as our next Commerce Secretary, but he makes me even
    prouder to call him a friend. God bless you, man.
        [Applause.]
        The Chairman. Mr. Vice President, thank you. Welcome back.
    And I will say to all the employees at the Commerce Department,
    you must be very pleased to know that your incoming Secretary
    will be just fine if you break something or crayon on the walls
    or spill your grape juice. You can do all of those at the
    Department of Commerce.
        And with that I recognize Mr. Lutnick for his opening
    remarks.

      STATEMENT OF HOWARD LUTNICK, NOMINEE TO BE SECRETARY, U.S.
                         DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

        Mr. Lutnick. Thank you, Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member
    Cantwell, and members of the Committee, and thank you, JD, Mr.
    Vice President, for your kind introduction. I deeply appreciate
    our friendship and that he was able to join me today.
        I am profoundly grateful to President Trump for the
    confidence and faith he has placed in me. It is an honor to
    appear before you as your nominee for Secretary of Commerce.
        My family is here with me today. I would like to introduce
    you to my wife Allison, who is sitting behind me, who for 30
    years has been my great partner, advisor, and a spectacular
    mother to our wonderful children, my oldest son, Kyle, behind
    me, Brandon, Casey, and Ryan. My extraordinary sister Edie is
    also here, as well as Allison's brother Rick, my sister-in-law
    Abbi, and many of my closest friends have chosen to come down
    to support me.
        I grew up on Long Island, New York. My mother was an
    artist, as you said, and an art teacher. My father was a
    professor of American History.
        My mother Jane taught me how to appreciate life. When I was
    14, she was diagnosed with terminal cancer, but she decided if
    she was going to die before then she was going to live. I will
    never forget the day she pulled me out of class. So I rushed to
    the car and said, ``Are you OK?'' And she said, ``I am OK.
    Let's go.'' We drove to New York City, we went to art
    galleries, then we went to the opera, we went to a late-night
    dinner, got home super late, and of course she expected me to
    get up and get to school on time the next day.
        My mother died in February 1978, when I was 16 years old.
        A year and a half later, my father was diagnosed with lung
    cancer. He kept his diagnosis a secret from me, because he
    wanted to make sure I left to start college in the fall. He
    dropped me off at school and a week later He went for his first
    chemotherapy treatment at our local hospital. The nurse
    accidentally gave him the wrong dose and he died right then and
    there. It was September 12, 1979, and I was 18 years old.
        So we all know losing one parent is heartbreaking, but
    losing both is something entirely different. It is life
    shattering.
        Without any support from our extended family, Edie and I
    put my 15-year-old brother into boarding school right near my
    college, and he would sleep with me in my dorm room on the
    weekends. The next year, Gary moved up to live with my sister,
    and spent the next two years living with her, while she earned
    her law and business degrees.
        The three of us became inseparable, but as you can imagine,
    the pain we suffered when Gary and 657 of my other friends and
    colleagues at Cantor Fitzgerald were killed on 9/11.
        The company was located on the top five floors of the World
    Trade Center--I still cannot say it out loud. I get emotional.
    Sorry--but no one in the office survived. I was taking my son,
    Kyle, to his first day of kindergarten, which is why I am with
    you today.
        The company was destroyed, but on September 12th, I hosted
    a call with my surviving employees and I laid out two choices
    for them: we could either attend our friends' funerals--that is
    20 funerals a day for 33 straight days--or we could try to
    rebuild the company to take care of the 658 families that we
    lost that day.
        So this phone call led to one of the most extraordinary
    events in American business history. All of our employees, both
    new and those that survived, agreed to donate 25 percent of
    their salaries--their salaries--to the families of our 9/11
    colleagues. So together, we raised them $180 million over the
    next 5 years for those families, and my employees, they
    stitched my soul back together.
        My employees never expected to get paid back, but I had
    other ideas. In 2008, we took a division of our company public,
    and I gave each and every one of those employees double what
    they had given to those families.
        I worked at Cantor my entire career, 41 years, and
    rebuilding the company over the past 24 years is my greatest
    business achievement. After 9/11, we were down to about 1,000
    employees. Today, the company employs more than 14,000. I am so
    proud of my exceptional friends at Cantor, BGC, and Newmark.
        I saw the strength of the American spirit during President
    Trump's campaign, and it fueled my desire to serve our Nation.
    We need healthy businesses--small, medium, and large--to hire
    our great American workers to drive our economy. I will
    dedicate myself to making our government more responsive,
    working to ensure Americans have the greatest opportunity for
    success.
        I am an outcome-driven leader, and upon my confirmation, I
    will take a thoughtful and rigorous approach to leading this
    great department and serving our country.
        Thank you, thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I look forward to
    taking your questions.
        [The prepared statement and biographical information of Mr.
    Lutnick follow:]

                   Prepared Statement of Howard W. Lutnick,
              Nominee to be Secretary, U.S. Department of Commerce
        Thank you, Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and Members of
    the Committee. I am profoundly grateful to President Trump for the
    confidence and faith he has placed in me. It is an honor to appear
    before you to be considered as the nominee for Secretary of Commerce.
        My family is here with me today. I would like to introduce you to
    my wife, Allison, who for 30 years has been my great partner, advisor
    and a spectacular mother to our four wonderful children, Kyle, Brandon,
    Casey and Ryan. My extraordinary sister Edie is also here, as well as
    Allison's brother Rick, my sister-in-law Abbi, and several of my
    closest friends.
        I grew up on Long Island, New York. My mother was an artist and art
    teacher. My father was a Professor of American History.
        My mother, Jane, taught me how to appreciate life. When I was 14,
    she was diagnosed with terminal cancer and she decided she was going to
    really LIVE. I'll never forget the day she pulled me out of class. I
    rushed to her car to make certain she was okay. She smiled and said,
    ``Let's go!'' We drove to New York City--she took me to art galleries
    and the opera, and we ended up having a really late dinner before
    driving home. Of course, she expected me to be on time for school the
    next morning. My mother died in February 1978. I was 16.
        A year and a half later, my father was diagnosed with lung cancer.
    He kept his diagnosis a secret from me, as I was leaving to start
    college. He dropped me off at school and a week later went for his
    first chemotherapy treatment at our local hospital. The nurse
    accidentally gave him the wrong dose and he died right then and there.
    It was September 12, 1979. I was 18.
        Losing one parent is heartbreaking, losing both is entirely
    different--it's life shattering.
        Without any support from our extended family, Edie and I put our
    15-year-old brother Gary into boarding school near my college and he
    slept in my dorm room on the weekends. The next year, Gary lived with
    Edie, while she earned her law and business degrees.
        The three of us were inseparable, so you can imagine the pain we
    suffered when Gary and 657 of my other friends and colleagues at Cantor
    Fitzgerald were killed on 9/11. The company was located on the top 5
    floors of the World Trade Center and no one in the office survived. I
    was taking Kyle to his first day of kindergarten, which is why I am
    with you today.
        The company was destroyed. On September 12th, I hosted a call with
    my surviving employees and laid out two choices: we could either attend
    our friends' funerals--there were 20 funerals a day for 33 straight
    days--or we could try to rebuild the company to take care of the 658
    families that lost a loved one.
        This phone call led to one of the most extraordinary events in
    business history. All of our employees, both new and those that
    survived, agreed to donate 25 percent of their salaries to the families
    of our 9/11 colleagues. Together, we gave them $180 million over the
    next 5 years, which stitched my soul back together.
        My employees never expected to get paid back, but I had other
    ideas. In 2008, we took a division of our company public and each
    employee received double what they had given.
        I worked at Cantor Fitzgerald my entire career--41 years. And
    rebuilding the company over the past 24 years is my greatest business
    achievement. After 9/11, we were down to about 1,000 employees. Now,
    the company employs more than 14,000. I am so proud of my exceptional
    friends and colleagues at Cantor Fitzgerald, Newmark and BGC.
        I saw the strength of the American spirit during President Trump's
    campaign, and it fueled my desire to serve our Nation.
        We need healthy businesses--small, medium, and large--to hire our
    great American workers to drive our economy. I will dedicate myself to
    making our government more responsive, working to ensure Americans have
    the greatest opportunity for success.
        I am an outcome-driven leader and upon confirmation, I will take a
    thoughtful and rigorous approach to leading this great department and
    serving our country.
        Thank you, and I look forward to taking your questions.
                                     ______

                          a. biographical information
        1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): Howard W.
    Lutnick.
        2. Position to which nominated: United States Secretary of
    Commerce.
        3. Date of Nomination: November 19, 2024.
        4. Address (List current place of residence and office addresses):

            Residence: Information not released to the public.
            Office: Information not provided.

        5. Date and Place of Birth: July 14, 1961; Manhasset, New York.
        6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your
    spouse (if married) or domestic partner, and the names and ages of your
    children (including stepchildren and children by a previous marriage).

            Allison Lutnick--Employment: N/A
            Kyle Lutnick (28), Brandon Lutnick (26), Casey Lutnick (24),
            Ryan Lutnick (19).

        7. List all college and graduate schools attended, whether or not
    you were granted a degree by the institution. Provide the name of the
    institution, the dates attended, the degree received, and the date of
    the degree.

            Haverford College, B.A. Economics 1979-1983

        8. List all post-undergraduate employment, including the job title,
    name of employer, and inclusive dates of employment, and highlight all
    management-level jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to
    the position for which you are nominated.

            Employed by Cantor Fitzgerald since 1983.
            Started career as a broker and trader.
            Promoted to President and Chief Executive Officer in 1991 and
            named Chairman in 1996.

            (https://www.cantor.com/leadership/howard-lutnick/)

            Mr. Lutnick joined Cantor Fitzgerald in 1983 and rose rapidly
            through the ranks to be appointed President and CEO in 1991.
            Five years later he was named Chairman. In 2004, Cantor
            Fitzgerald separated out its voice brokerage business to create
            BGC Partners L.P, in which Mr. Lutnick was the Chairman and
            CEO. In 2008, Mr. Lutnick led the merger of BGC and eSpeed,
            forming BGC Partners, Inc. In 2011, BGC completed its
            acquisition of Newmark, and subsequently invested heavily in
            the growth of the commercial real estate services business.
            Newmark completed its IPO in 2017 and the Spin-Off from BGC in
            2018. Mr. Lutnick holds the title of Executive Chairman.

        9. Attach a copy of your resume.
        See Attached--Annex A
        10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time
    service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other
    than those listed above after 18 years of age.
        I did not hold any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-
    time service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments.
    However, Cantor Fitzgerald provided services that could be considered
    ``consultative'' to the U.S. Navy prior to 2001.
        11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee,
    partner, proprietor, agent, representative, or consultant of any
    corporation, company, firm, partnership, or other business, enterprise,
    educational, or other institution.
        See Attached--Annex B through Annex F
        12. List all memberships you have had after 18 years of age or
    currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational,
    political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religiously
    affiliated organization, private club, or other membership organization
    (You do not have to list your religious affiliation or membership in a
    religious house of worship or institution). Include dates of membership
    and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note
    whether any such club or organization restricts membership on the basis
    of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.

            September 11th Memorial and Museum
                    Board of Trustees--2006 to present

            Partnership for New York City
                    Board of Directors--2011 to present

            Weil Cornell Medicine
                    Board Fellow--May 2023 to present

            Horace Mann School
                    Board Member--2003-June 2024

            Haverford College
                    Board of Managers--1994-2006
                    Vice-Chair, Board of Managers--2006-2012
                    Chair of the Board of Managers--2012-2015

            Fisher Center for Alzheimer's Research Foundation
                    Board of Trustees--2001-2021

            Intrepid Sea, Air, & Space Museum
                    Board of Trustees--1995-April 2016

            Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Foundation
                    Board of Trustees--2000-February 2016

            Hoover Institute
                    Board of Overseers--2017-August 2022

            Metropolitan Club of New York

            Golf Clubs:
                    The Saint Andrew's Golf Club (New York)
                    The Bridge (New York)
                    Metedeconk National Golf Club (New Jersey)
                    La Gorce Country Club (Florida)
                    Shell Bay Club (Florida)
                    Robert Trent Jones Golf Club (Virginia)

        13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office
    (elected, non-elected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any
    campaign has any outstanding debt, the amount, and whether you are
    personally liable for that debt. None.
        14. List all memberships and offices held with and services
    rendered to, whether compensated or not, any political party or
    election committee within the past ten years. If you have held a paid
    position or served in a formal or official advisory position (whether
    compensated or not) in a political campaign within the past ten years,
    identify the particulars of the campaign, including the candidate, year
    of the campaign, and your title and responsibilities.

            Co-Chair, Trump Vance 2025 Transition, Inc. (2024)

        15. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign
    organization, political party, political action committee, or similar
    entity of $200 or more for the past ten years.
        See Attached--Annex G
        16. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary
    society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition
    for outstanding service or achievements.

            The Financial Times' Person of the Year (2001)

            Department of the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award (the
            highest Navy award for non-military personnel)

            Ernst & Young's United States Entrepreneur of the Year (2010)

            Federal Enforcement Homeland Security Foundation Honoree (2012)

            FDNY Foundation Humanitarian Award (2013)

            Intercollegiate Tennis Association Achievement Award (2017)

            Honored by dozens of other charities and organizations

        17. List all books, articles, columns, letters to the editor,
    Internet blog postings, or other publications you have authored,
    individually or with others. Include a link to each publication when
    possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the
    publication when available.

            Contributor to ``On Top of the World: Cantor Fitzgerald, Howard
            Lutnick, & 9/11: A Story of Loss & Renewal''--Biography by Tom
            Barbash

            Contributor to ``Out of the Clear Blue Sky''--Documentary Film
            by Danielle Gardner

        18. List all speeches, panel discussions, and presentations (e.g.,
    PowerPoint) that you have given on topics relevant to the position for
    which you have been nominated. Include a link to each publication when
    possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the
    speech or presentation when available. None.
        19. List all public statements you have made during the past ten
    years, including statements in news articles and radio and podcasts and
    television appearances, which are on topics relevant to the position
    for which you have been nominated, including dates. Include a link to
    each statement when possible. If a link is not available, provide a
    digital copy of the statement when available.
        See Attached--Annex H
        20. List all digital platforms (including social media and other
    digital content sites) on which you currently or have formerly operated
    an account, regardless of whether or not the account was held in your
    name or an alias. Include the full name of an ``alias'' or ``handle'',
    including the complete URL and username with hyperlinks, you have used
    on each of the named platforms. Indicate whether the account is active,
    deleted, or dormant. Include a link to each account if possible.
        See Attached--Annex I
        21. Please identify each instance in which you have testified
    orally or in writing before Congress in a governmental or non-
    governmental capacity and specify the date, committee, and subject
    matter of each testimony.
        None in the last ten years
        22. Given the current mission, major programs, and major
    operational objectives of the department/agency/commission/corporation
    to which you have been nominated, what in your background or employment
    experience do you believe affirmatively qualifies you for appointment
    to the position for which you have been nominated, and why do you wish
    to serve in that position?
        Throughout my decades of executive leadership experience as
    Chairman and CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald, Chairman and CEO of BGC Group,
    and Executive Chairman of Newmark Group, I have guided these companies
    through dynamic and complex market environments. Some of the situations
    they faced presented tremendous challenges, and it was through my
    leadership and unwavering support for my employees that we successfully
    turned these challenges into opportunities, fostering incredible growth
    for the companies and enabling teams to achieve remarkable outcomes. My
    experiences leading these incredible organizations provide me with a
    strong foundation to succeed as Secretary of Commerce.
        The global reach across these companies has equipped me with deep
    knowledge of and appreciation for international perspectives, enabling
    me to bring global insight to best foster innovation and enhance
    competitiveness for the United States. This global perspective enables
    me to bring forward-thinking solutions that resonate across our markets
    and industries. My experience gives me deep insights into global trade,
    cross-border markets and economic trends--key areas overseen by the
    Department of Commerce.
        Leading global enterprises that specialize and operate large-scale
    databases, data collection, and advanced analytics, I bring a deep
    understanding of how to modernize systems and drive efficiency at the
    highest levels--something I look forward to doing for the Department of
    Commerce and the Government of the United States.
        Additionally, I possess expertise and knowledge working with the
    Patent and Trademark Office, as an inventor personally familiar with
    the patent process. Navigating the PTO first-hand provided me with
    insights into optimizing and supporting our intellectual property
    systems. As Secretary of Commerce, I will enhance and protect American
    innovation to further drive economic growth.
        I believe the breadth of my experience working in the financial
    services and real estate industries, the scale and success of my
    companies across business cycles, and ability to persevere through the
    most difficult circumstances that a company could ever face positions
    me to be a very successful Secretary of Commerce. I look forward to
    working for the President of the United States and the American people
    to drive economic growth, productivity, and innovation for our country.
        23. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to
    ensure that the department/agency/commission/corporation has proper
    management and accounting controls, and what experience do you have in
    managing a large organization?
        I have more than 30 years of experience serving as Chairman and
    Chief Executive Officer of multiple large private and publicly listed
    companies. Taken together, the companies that I manage employ more than
    13,000 professionals today, having rebuilt ourselves entirely since the
    devastating terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
        I spent decades building and growing these great companies. Each
    has successfully grown on the pillars of strong financial oversight,
    superior operational efficiency, and a focused management structure.
        On September 11, 2001, Cantor Fitzgerald endured one of the most
    harrowing challenges in human history. Our firm, headquartered on the
    101st to 105th floors of the North Tower of the World Trade Center,
    suffered an unimaginable loss--658 of our 960 New York-based employees
    tragically perished in the devastating terrorist attacks. Rising from
    this unparalleled tragedy demanded extraordinary resolve and
    determination. Rebuilding our firm required a relentless commitment to
    recruiting top-tier talent, enforcing rigorous accountability,
    reconstructing financial controls, implementing new technology, and
    fostering a culture defined by camaraderie, compassion, and unwavering
    professionalism.
        At BGC Group, I led the company's transformation into a multi-
    billion-dollar, publicly traded global financial brokerage, technology,
    and data company. Driving this evolution, I played a pivotal role in
    spearheading strategic expansion initiatives, overseeing acquisitions
    that were critical to our growth, and strengthening financial controls
    to ensure operational excellence.
        At Newmark, we achieved extraordinary growth, expanding our
    revenues ten-fold over the past 13 years. Today, Newmark is a multi-
    billion-dollar public company and a leader in the commercial real
    estate services industry. I successfully oversaw the firm's
    transformative growth, streamlined operational processes, and embedded
    rigorous financial oversight across the organization.
        As Secretary of Commerce, I will prioritize the following
    principles to uphold the integrity and efficiency of the department:

      1.  Strong Governance and Oversight:

         Establish clear policies and procedures to ensure
                compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and ethical
                standards.

         Implement a robust internal audit system to
                proactively identify risks and inefficiencies.

      2.  Accountability and Transparency:

         Create a culture where accountability takes center
                stage, ensuring every team member understands their
                responsibility to uphold the highest standards of
                integrity.

      3.  Technology and Modernization:

         Implement and leverage modern software and
                technologies to streamline operations, enhance data
                collection and accuracy, and improve decision-making across
                the organization.

         Ensure the department is equipped with systems capable
                of tracking, monitoring, and reporting activities with
                precision.

        My management experience has taught me the importance of
    establishing clear structures, enforcing disciplined practices, and
    upholding a steadfast ethical foundation. Upon my confirmation, I will
    bring the same rigor and commitment to ensuring the department operates
    with the highest standards of management and accountability.
        24. What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the
    department/agency/commission/corporation, and why?
        To effectively support the President's vision and address the
    critical needs of the American people, the Department of Commerce must
    take the necessary steps to address three key challenges. This will be
    critical to reinforcing our country's economic strength and securing
    its future prosperity.

      1.  Data and Analytics--The Department of Commerce must significantly
            improve its approach to data capture, database management, and
            data analytics. Currently, there is a critical need to
            modernize how information is collected, organized, and utilized
            to address the Nation's challenges effectively. By enhancing
            data analytics capabilities, the government can transform vast
            amounts of information into actionable insights, enabling
            departments to operate with greater efficiency and
            effectiveness to support the needs of the American people. This
            transformation is essential to not only streamline decision-
            making, but also to align departmental actions with the
            strategic goals and objectives of the President of the United
            States.

      2.  Drive Productivity--The approximately 47,000 employees of the
            Department of Commerce must be empowered and focused on
            delivering tangible, outcome-driven results that support the
            President's goals to benefit the American people. As Secretary
            of Commerce, I will work to foster a culture of productivity by
            ensuring that every employee is aligned with clear objectives,
            accountable for timely deliverables, and committed to achieving
            measurable outcomes. This approach, coupled with a strong
            emphasis on financial accountability, will be crucial to
            fulfilling the Department's mission and driving national
            progress.

      3.  Alignment of Goals and Objectives--The Department of Commerce
            must be united in its efforts to achieve a cohesive set of
            objectives that are fully aligned with President Trump's
            mandate. As Secretary of Commerce, I will refocus the
            Department's efforts, advancing the key priorities that drive
            domestic manufacturing, productivity, and growth. Investment in
            America and the promotion of American production and the
            enforcement of our policies are central to this mission.
            Additionally, the Department must leverage our economic tools
            to support both domestic and foreign policy, reinforcing the
            President's vision in securing America's future prosperity.
                       b. potential conflicts of interest
        1. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation
    agreements, and other continuing dealings with business associates,
    clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement
    accounts, such as a 401(k) or pension plan.
        I plan to divest all relevant holdings in accordance with Federal
    laws and regulations and set forth in my ethics agreement with the
    Office of Government Ethics. Therefore, I will have no conflicts of
    interest.
        2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal,
    to maintain employment, affiliation, or practice with any business,
    association, or other organization during your appointment? If so,
    please explain. None.
        3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other
    relationships which could involve potential conflicts of interest in
    the position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will
    resolve each potential conflict of interest. None.
        4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial
    transaction which you have had during the last ten years, whether for
    yourself, on behalf of a client, or acting as an agent, that could in
    any way constitute or result in a possible conflict of interest in the
    position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will resolve
    each potential conflict of interest. None.
        5. Identify any other potential conflicts of interest and explain
    how you will resolve each potential conflict of interest. None.
        6. Describe any activity during the past ten years, including the
    names of clients represented, in which you have been engaged for the
    purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or
    modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and
    execution of law or public policy. None.
                                c. legal matters
        1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics,
    professional misconduct, or retaliation by, or been the subject of a
    complaint to, any court, administrative agency, the Office of Special
    Counsel, an Inspector General, professional association, disciplinary
    committee, or other professional group? If yes:
        None.

      a.  Provide the name of the court, agency, association, committee, or
            group;

      b.  Provide the date the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or
            personnel action was issued or initiated;

      c.  Describe the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or
            personnel action;

      d.  Provide the results of the citation, disciplinary action,
            complaint, or personnel action.

        2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by
    any Federal, State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal,
    State, county, municipal, or foreign government entity, other than for
    a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain. None.
        3. Have you or any business or nonprofit of which you are or were
    an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency
    proceeding, criminal proceeding, or civil litigation? If so, please
    explain.
        The companies for which I am a named officer have been involved
    from time to time in litigation, arbitration and administrative claims
    in the ordinary course of business. On limited occasion, I have been
    named personally in certain proceedings, however none of those have
    ever resulted in any finding of personal liability or required any
    personal contribution. Some of the businesses for which I am a named
    officer are regulated entities, including broker-dealers, which are
    subject to routine reviews, examinations, and investigations (both
    formal and informal) by governmental and self-regulatory agencies in
    the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions.
        4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or nolo
    contendere) of any criminal violation other than a minor traffic
    offense? If so, please explain. None.
        5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual
    assault, sexual harassment, or discrimination on the basis of sex,
    race, religion, or any other basis? If so, please explain. None.
        6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information,
    favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in
    connection with your nomination. None.
                         d. relationship with committee
        1. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation complies with deadlines for information set by
    congressional committees, and that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation endeavors to timely comply with requests for information
    from individual Members of Congress, including requests from members in
    the minority? Yes.
        2. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/
    corporation does whatever it can to protect congressional witnesses and
    whistleblowers from reprisal for their testimony and disclosures? Yes.
        3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested
    witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with
    firsthand knowledge of matters of interest to the Committee? Yes.
        4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly
    constituted committee of the Congress on such occasions as you may be
    reasonably requested to do so? Yes.
                                     ______

                                                         Annex B
                                    (Cantor Fitzgerald L.P. and Subsidiary Entities)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Entity                         Entity Type                   Position            From        To
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    1035 BATTERY STREET OWNER, LLC      Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Jun-20    Present
    10801 MADISON AVENUE OWNER.,LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-21    Present
    110 RRP MANAGEMENT, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-15     Sep-24
    1100 HIDDEN RIDGE, LLC              Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Nov-20    Present
    1840 LONGMIRE ROAD OWNER MANAGER,   Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Mar-22    Present
     LLC
    1840 LONGMIRE ROAD OWNER MEMBER,    Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Mar-22    Present
     LLC
    1840 LONGMIRE ROAD OWNER, LLC       Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Mar-22    Present
    1840 LONGMIRE ROAD, LLC             Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Mar-22    Present
    2477 DEERFIELD DRIVE, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
    2575 S HIGHLAND DRIVE HOLDINGS,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Nov-15    Present
     LLC
    2575 S HIGHLAND DRIVE, L.P.         Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Sep-16    Present
    3075 LOYALTY CIRCLE MEMBER, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
    3075 LOYALTY CIRCLE OWNER, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
    3221 KELLER SPRINGS ROAD MANAGER,   Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Feb-21    Present
     LLC
    3221 KELLER SPRINGS ROAD MEMBER,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-21    Present
     LLC
    3221 KElLER SPRINGS ROAD, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-21    Present
    3596 ALPINE AVE, LLC                Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      May-17    Present
    5303 FISHER ROAD OWNER, LLC         Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Feb-22    Present
    5516 WEST BUCHANAN STREET OWNER,    Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Nov-19    Present
     LLC
    651 E CORPORATE DRIVE, LLC          Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Oct-18    Present
    692 MONTAUK HIGHWAY LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-15    Present
    8100 GIBBS WAY JV, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-21    Present
    ADFIN SOLUTIONS, INC.               Corporation                    Director                    Mar-17     Mar-23
    AFTERMATH FILM, L.L.C.              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    AQUA SECURITIES HOLDINGS, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Director, Chairman,         May-07    Present
                                                                        President and C.E.O.
    AQUA SECURITIES, L.P.               Limited Partnership            Director                    Jun-99     May-23
    BARTHOLOMEW ANTIQUES, L.P.          Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-07    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    BARTHOLOMEW ANTIQUES, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-07    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O,
    BSP MEMBER MANAGER, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-12     Dec-23
    CANTOR (ALDERNEY) HOLDINGS, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        May-24     Sep-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR (CHINA) TECHNOLOGY CO.       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jan-11    Present
     HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
    CANTOR ACQUISITION CORP. IV         Corporation                    Director, Chain:nan,        Oct-20    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR ACQUISITION CORP. IX         Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Oct-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CANTOR ACQUISITION CORP. V          Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Oct-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CANTOR ACQUISITION CORP. X          Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Nov-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CANTOR ACQUISITION CORP. XI         Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Oct-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CANTOR ACQUISITION CORP. XII        Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Oct-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CANTOR ACQUISITION CORP. XIII       Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Oct-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CANTOR ADVISORS MANAGEMENT, L.P.    Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-15    Present
    CANTOR CAPITAL SOLUTIONS, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-15    Present
    CANTOR CF INVESTOR, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-18     Sep-24
    CANTOR CF SECURED INVESTOR, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-18    Present
    CANTOR CHOP GP MEMBER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-24    Present
    CANTOR CHOP LP INVESTOR, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-24    Present
    CANTOR CLEARING, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        May-12     Dec-23
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Feb-10    Present
     INVESTOR HOLDINGS, LLC                                             and C.E.O.
    CANTOR COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE       Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Feb-10    Present
     INVESTOR, L.P.                                                     and C.E.O.
    CANTOR COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Feb-10    Present
     SPONSOR HOLDINGS, LLC                                              and C.E.O.
    CANTOR COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15     Nov-23
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, L.P.  Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Jan-08    Present
    CANTOR CT HOLDINGS, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jan-11    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR CT, L.P.                     Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jan-11    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR CULTURAL ASSET MANAGEMENT,   Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-10     Nov-23
     L.P.                                                               and C.E.O.
    CANTOR DATA SERVICES, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Aug-12    Present
    CANTOR DIGITAL ASSETS, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jan-22    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR EL MEDIA, LLC                Limited Liablity Company       Chairman, President,        Mar-12     Feb-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR ENTERTAINMENT DATA           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
     HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
    CANTOR ENTERTAINMENT DATA, L.P.     Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Jun-05    Present
    CANTOR ENTERTAINMENT HOLDINGS,      Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
     L.P.                                                               and C.E.O.
    CANTOR ENTERTAINMENT HOLDINGS, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-16    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR EP HOLDINGS I, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
    CANTOR EP HOLDINGS II, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
    CANTOR EP HOLDINGS III, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
    CANTOR EP HOLDINGS IV, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
    CANTOR EP HOLDINGS V, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
    CANTOR EP HOLDINGS, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Mar-21    Present
    CANTOR EQUITY PARTNERS I, INC.      Limited Liability Company      Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CANTOR EQUITY PARTNERS II, INC.     Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Nov-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CANTOR EQUITY PARTNERS III, INC.    Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Nov-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CANTOR EQUITY PARTNERS IV, INC.     Corporation                    Director, Chairman,         Apr-21    Present
                                                                        C.F.O. and C.E.O.
    CANTOR EQUITY PARTNERS V, INC.      Corporation                    Director, Chairman,         Apr-21    Present
                                                                        C.F.O. and C.E.O.
    CANTOR EQUITY PARTNERS, INC.        Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Nov-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CANTOR FITZGERALD & CO.             General Partnership            Chairman                    Apr-15    Present
    CANTOR FITZGERALD (PROPRIETARY)     Private Company                Director                    Oct-97    Present
     LIMITED
    CANTOR FITZGERALD ACCELERATION &    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-12     Dec-23
     SEEDING (TRADING), LLC
    CANTOR FITZGERALD ASSET MANAGEMENT  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jan-14    Present
     HOLDINGS, LLC
    CANTOR FITZGERALD ASSET MANAGEMENT  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Dec-16    Present
     OPERATIONS, LLC
    CANTOR FITZGERALD CANADA            Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Nov-05    Present
     CORPORATION HOLDINGS, L.P.
    CANTOR FITZGERALD CONTROLLED        General Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-09    Present
     EQUITY OFFERINGS                                                   and C.E.O.
    CANTOR FITZGERALD GAME HOLDINGS     Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-01    Present
     LLC                                                                and C.E.O
    CANTOR FITZGERALD HEDGE FUND        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-24    Present
     SERVICES, LLC
    CANTOR FITZGERALD II, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR FITZGERALD INCOME ADVISORS,  Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Feb-17    Present
     LLC
    CANTOR FITZGERALD INCOME TRUST OP   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-16    Present
     HOLDINGS, LLC
    CANTOR FITZGERALD INCOME TRUST      Limited Partnership            C.E.O.                      Feb-17    Present
     OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P.
    CANTOR FITZGERALD INCOME TRUST,     Corporation                    Director, Chairman of       Feb-17    Present
     INC.                                                               the Board, and C.E.O.
    CANTOR FITZGERALD INVESTMENT        Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Oct-10    Present
     ADVISORS HOLDINGS, LLC
    CANTOR FITZGERALD INVESTMENT        Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Feb-10    Present
     ADVISORS, L.P.
    CANTOR FITZGERALD INVESTORS, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-16    Present
    CANTOR FITZGERALD IRELAND           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jan-10    Present
     HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
    CANTOR FITZGERALD SECURITIES        General Partnership            Chairman, President,        May-95    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR FITZGERALD TECHNOLOGY        Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Sep-20    Present
     MARKETS, LLC                                                       and C.E.O.
    CANTOR FITZGERALD TELECOM           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
     SERVICES, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
    CANTOR FITZGERALD WEALTH PARTNERS,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-23    Present
     LLC
    CANTOR FITZGERALD, L.P.             Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR FLAGS LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-16     Feb-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR FRANCE INVESTOR, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-21     Sep-24
    CANTOR FRANCE SPONSOR, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-21     Sep-24
    CANTOR G&W HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-05    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR G&W INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-16    Present
     LLC                                                                and C.E.O.
    CANTOR G&W SPECIAL ASSETS           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        May-08     Dec-23
     HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
    CANTOR G&W SPECIAL ASSETS, L.P.     Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        May-08     Dec-23
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR G&W, L.P.                    Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Mar-05    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR GGAM HOLDINGS, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jan-11    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR GGAM, L.P.                   Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jan-11    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR INDEX FX HOLDINGS, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Sep-06    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR INDEX FX, L.P.               Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Sep-06    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR INDEX HOLDINGS, L.P.         Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Apr-13    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR INDEX LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-13    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR INSURANCE GROUP HOLDINGS,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-23    Present
     LLC                                                                and C.E.O.
    CANTOR INSURANCE GROUP, L.P.        Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Mar-23    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR LEXNET HOLDINGS, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-06    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR RE LIMITED HOLDINGS, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Sep-23     Dec-23
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR REAL ESTATE FINANCE          Limited Company                Chairman, President,        Jul-18     Dec-23
     HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
    CANTOR REAL ESTATE FINANCE          Limited Company                Chairman                    Jul-14     Dec-23
     OPERATIONS, LLC
    CANTOR REAL ESTATE HOLDINGS, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-08    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR REAL ESTATE, L.P.            Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-08    Present
    CANTOR REALTY CAPITAL ADVISORS      Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Dec-09    Present
     HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
    CANTOR REALTY CAPITAL ADVISORS,     Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Dec-09    Present
     L.P.                                                               and C.E.O.
    CANTOR REALTY FUND I, L.P.          Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
    CANTOR REALTY FUND II MANAGER, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
    CANTOR REALTY FUND II, L.P.         Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Sep-16    Present
    CANTOR REALTY FUND III MANAGER,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-18    Present
     LLC
    CANTOR REALTY FUND III, L.P.        Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Feb-18    Present
    CANTOR REALTY FUND MANAGER I, LLC   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
    CANTOR REALTY PRODUCTS PARTNERS,    Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
     L.P.
    CANTOR REALTY PRODUCTS SPONSOR,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
     LLC
    CANTOR REALTY PRODUCTS, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
    CANTOR RRP SLP, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Aug-14    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR SILVERSTEIN OPPORTUNITY      Corporation                    Director                    Jan-22    Present
     ZONE TRUST II, INC.
    CANTOR SILVERSTEIN OPPORTUNITY      Corporation                    Director                    May-19    Present
     ZONE TRUST, INC.
    CANTOR SILVERSTEIN QOF MANAGER,     Limited Liability Company      Director                    Feb-19    Present
     LLC
    CANTOR SPONSOR, L.P.                Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-10    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR VENTURES HOLDINGS, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-10    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTOR VENTURES, L.P.               Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Mar-10    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTORCO2E (CANADA) COMPANY         Unlimited company              Director and President      Mar-08    Present
    CANTORCO2e (CANADA) HOLDINGS, L.P.  Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Nov-07    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTORCO2E (UK) HOLDINGS, L.P.      Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Nov-07    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTORCO2E BRAZIL HOLDINGS I, LLC   Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Sep-07    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTORCO2E BRAZIL HOLDINGS II, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Sep-07    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTORCO2E CLASS E HOLDINGS, L.P.   Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Nov-08    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTORCO2E MEXICO HOLDINGS, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        May-07    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTORCO2E, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Director, President,        Mar-07    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CANTORCO2eHLP, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-07    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O
    CASTLEOAK MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-06     Sep-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CCAM HOLDINGS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-10     Nov-23
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CCEHLP, LLC                         Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-08    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CCRE INVESTOR II, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-17    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CCRE INVESTOR III, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-17    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O
    CCRE INVESTOR IV, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-17    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CDF II, LLC                         Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-12     Dec-23
    CDMF, LLC                           Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-12     Dec-23
    CF 10801 MADISON AVENUE, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Apr-21    Present
    CF ACCOUNT MANAGERS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Feb-23     Feb-23
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. IV             Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jan-20     Dec-23
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. IX             Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. VII            Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. X              Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XI             Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XII            Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XIII           Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XIV            Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XIX            Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XV             Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XVI            Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Jul-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XVII           Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XVIII          Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXI            Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXII           Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXIII          Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXIV           Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXIX           Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Mar-21    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXV            Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Sep-20    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXVI           Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Mar-21    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXVII          Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Mar-21    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXVIII         Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Mar-21    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION CORP. XXX            Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Mar-21    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF ACQUISITION HOLDINGS IV, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Oct-20    Present
    CF ACQUISITION HOLDINGS IX, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Oct-20    Present
    CF ACQUISITION HOLDINGS V, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Oct-20    Present
    CF ACQUISITION HOLDINGS X, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
    CF ACQUISITION HOLDINGS XI, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Oct-20    Present
    CF ACQUISITION HOLDINGS XII, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Oct-20    Present
    CF ACQUISITION HOLDINGS XIII, LLC   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O          Oct-20    Present
    CF ALBERTSONS CHICAGO HOLDINGS,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-18    Present
     LLC
    CF ALBERTSONS CHICAGO, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Dec-18    Present
    CF ALBERTSONS LANCASTER HOLDINGS,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-18    Present
     LLC
    CF ALBERTSONS LANCASTER, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Dec-18    Present
    CF ARBORETUM DEPOSITOR, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
    CF ARBORETUM MANAGER, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
    CF ARBORETUM MASTER TENANT, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
    CF ARBORETUM, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
    CF Archer Depositor, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
    CF Archer Manager, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
    CF Archer Master Tenant, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
    CF Archer, LLC                      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
    CF ARRABELLA DEPOSITOR, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-22    Present
    CF ARRABELLA MANAGER, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
    CF ARRABELLA MASTER TENANT, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-22    Present
    CF ARRABELLA, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
    CF ARROW CANYON DEPOSITOR, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
    CF ARROW CANYON MANAGER, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
    CF ARROW CANYON MASTER TENANT, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
    CF ARROW CANYON, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
    CF AURORA DEPOSITOR, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Nov-19    Present
    CF AURORA MANAGER, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
    CF AURORA MASTER TENANT, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
    CF AURORA, LLC                      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
    CF BALA WOODS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-22    Present
    CF BELLEVUE DEPOSITOR, LLC          Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Feb-19    Present
    CF BELLEVUE MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Feb-19    Present
    CF BELLEVUE MASTER TENANT, LLC      Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jul-20    Present
    CF BELLEVUE, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-19    Present
    CF CANYON CREEK DEPOSITOR, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-24    Present
    CF CANYON CREEK MANAGER, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-24    Present
    CF CANYON CREEK MASTER TENANT, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-24    Present
    CF CANYON CREEK, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-24    Present
    CF CASH, LLC                        Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Dec-18    Present
    CF CHISHOLM DEPOSITOR, LLC          Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Dec-21    Present
    CF CHISHOLM MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-21    Present
    CF CHISHOLM MASTER TENANT, LLC      Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Dec-21    Present
    CF CHISHOLM, LLC                    Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
    CF DC HOLDINGS, L.P.                Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Dec-05    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CF DC HOLDINGS, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Dec-05    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CF DEERFIELD HOLDINGS, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-18    Present
    CF DST ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
    CF DST HOLDINGS, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
    CF DST VENTURE HOLDINGS, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-18    Present
    CF EMERSON DEPOSITOR, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
    CF EMERSON MANAGER, LLC             Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
    CF EMERSON MASTER TENANT, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
    CF EMERSON MEMBER, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
    CF EMERSON, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
    CF EUROPE SPONSOR, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Mar-21     Feb-24
    CF EVOKE, LLC                       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-20    Present
    CF FINANCE HOLDINGS II, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         May-20    Present
    CF FINANCE HOLDINGS III, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Mar-16    Present
    CF FINANCE HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jul-14    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CF GCM INVESTOR, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Nov-20    Present
    CF GILTS HOLDINGS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-99     Feb-24
    CF GLENMUIR DEPOSITOR, LLC          Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
    CF GLENMUIR MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
    CF GLENMUIR MASTER TENANT, LLC      Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
    CF GLENMUIR, LLC                    Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    May-21    Present
    CF GLOBAL FINANCE, LTD.             Limited Partnership            Director                    Sep-24    Present
    CF GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.          Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-15    Present
    CF HEADQUARTERS CORP.               Corporation                    Director, Chairman,         Apr-15    Present
                                                                        President and C.E.O.
    CF HEADQUARTERS II, INC.            Corporation                    Chairman, Director,         Aug-23    Present
                                                                        President, and C.E.O.
    CF HENDRY DEPOSITOR, LLC            Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Oct-19    Present
    CF HENDRY MANAGER, LLC              Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Oct-19    Present
    CF HENDRY MASTER TENANT, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-19    Present
    CF HENDRY, LLC                      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
    CF III, LLC                         Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CF INDUSTRY DEPOSITOR, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-21    Present
    CF INDUSTRY DST HOLDER, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
    CF INDUSTRY MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-21    Present
    CF INDUSTRY MASTER TENANT MANAGER,  Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
     LLC
    CF INDUSTRY MASTER TENANT MEMBER,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
     LLC
    CF INDUSTRY, LLC                    Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
    CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
     IX                                                                 C.E.O.
    CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
     VIII                                                               C.E.O.
    CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
     X                                                                  C.E.O.
    CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
     XI                                                                 C.E.O.
    CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
     XII                                                                C.E.O.
    CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
     XIII                                                               C.E.O.
    CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
     XIV                                                                C.E.O.
    CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
     XIX                                                                C.E.O.
    CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
     XV                                                                 C.E.O.
    CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
     XVI                                                                C.E.O.
    CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
     XVII                                                               C.E.O.
    CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
     XVIII                                                              C.E.O.
    CF INTERNATIONAL ACQUISITION CORP.  Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     Apr-21    Present
     XX                                                                 C.E.O.
    CF KACEY DST HOLDER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-21    Present
    CF KACEY, LLC                       Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Oct-21    Present
    CF KELLER HOLDINGS, LLC             Limited Liablitiy Company      C.E.O                       Feb-21    Present
    CF Keller Manager, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-24    Present
    CF Keller Master Tenant, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-24    Present
    CF Keller TRS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-24    Present
    CF LEGACY AT FOX VALLEY DEPOSITOR,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
     LLC
    CF LEGACY AT FOX VALLEY MANAGER,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
     LLC
    CF LEGACY AT FOX VALLEY MASTER      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
     TENANT, LLC
    CF LEGACY AT FOX VALLEY, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
    CF LEGAL INFOSYSTEMS HOLDINGS, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15     Jan-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CF LIFE SETTLEMENTS HOLDINGS I,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-06    Present
     LLC                                                                and C.E.O.
    CF LIFE SETTLEMENTS HOLDINGS, L.P.  Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-06    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CF LIVONIA DEPOSITOR, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-19    Present
    CF LIVONIA DST MANAGER, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-19    Present
    CF LIVONIA MANAGER, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-19    Present
    CF LIVONIA, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-19    Present
    CF LOYALTY HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
    CF MAINTENANCE CORP.                Corporation                    Director, Chairman, and     May-22    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CF MANAGED ASSETS, L.L.C.           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CF Master Tenant Holdco, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-24    Present
    CF MOUNT COMFORT DEPOSITOR, LLC     Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Dec-20    Present
    CF MOUNT COMFORT DST MANAGER, LLC   Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Dec-20    Present
    CF MOUNT COMFORT LAND OWNER, LLC    Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Oct-22    Present
    CF MOUNT COMFORT MANAGER, LLC       Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Nov-20    Present
    CF MOUNT COMFORT, LLC               Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Nov-20    Present
    CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO DEPOSITOR    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
     I, LLC
    CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO DEPOSITOR    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
     II, LLC
    CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO DEPOSITOR    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
     III, LLC
    CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO DEPOSITOR    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
     IV, LLC
    CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO DEPOSITOR    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
     V, LLC
    CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO DEPOSITOR    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
     VI, LLC
    CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO MANAGER I,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
     LLC
    CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO MANAGER II,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
     LLC
    CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO MANAGER      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
     III, LLC
    CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO MANAGER IV,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
     LLC
    CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO MANAGER V,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
     LLC
    CF NET LEASE PORTFOLIO MANAGER VI,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
     LLC
    CF NOTES, LLC                       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CF PALMS DEPOSITOR, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
    CF PALMS DST HOLDER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
    CF PALMS MANAGER, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
    CF PALMS MASTER TENANT MANAGER,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
     LLC
    CF PALMS MASTER TENANT MEMBER, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
    CF PALMS, LLC                       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
    CF PEARLAND DST HOLDER, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-23    Present
    CF PEARLAND MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-23    Present
    CF PEARLAND MASTER TENANT MEMBER,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-23    Present
     LLC
    CF PEARLAND MASTER TENANT, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-23    Present
    CF PEARLAND, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-23    Present
    CF PEARLLAND MASTER TENANT          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-23    Present
     MANAGER, LLC
    CF PRINCIPAL INVESTMENTS, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jan-22    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CF PRIVATE CLAIMS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-18    Present
    CF QOF SPONSOR, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-19    Present
    CF RAILWAY DEPOSITOR, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-19    Present
    CF RAILWAY MANAGER, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-19    Present
    CF RAILWAY MASTER TENANT, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-19    Present
    CF RAILWAY, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-19    Present
    CF REAL ESTATE ASSET MANAGEMENT,    Limited Liablity Company       Chairman                    Jun-15    Present
     LLC
    CF REAL ESTATE COMPANY, LLC         Limited Liablity Company       Chairman                    Jun-15    Present
    CF REAL ESTATE DST HOLDINGS, LLC    Limited Liablity Company       Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-15    Present
    CF REAL ESTATE FINANCE HOLDINGS     Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jul-17    Present
     GP, LLC                                                            and C.E.O.
    CF REAL ESTATE FINANCE HOLDINGS,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Feb-20    Present
     L.P.                                                               and C.E.O.
    CF REAL ESTATE HOLDINGS, LLC        Limited Liablity Company       Chairman                    Jun-15    Present
    CF Remy Depositor, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-24    Present
    CF Remy Manager, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-24    Present
    CF Remy Master Tenant, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-24    Present
    CF Remy, LLC                        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-24    Present
    CF RIVERTOP DEPOSITOR, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
    CF RIVERTOP MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
    CF RIVERTOP MASTER TENANT, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
    CF RIVERTOP, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
    CF RIVERVIEW DEPOSITOR, LLC         Limited Liablity Company       Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
    CF RIVERVIEW MANAGER, LLC           Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
    CF RIVERVIEW MASTER TENANT, LLC     Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
    CF RIVERVIEW MEMBER, LLC            Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
    CF RIVERVIEW, LLC                   Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
    CF RIVERWORKS DEPOSITOR, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-24    Present
    CF RIVERWORKS MANAGER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-24    Present
    CF RIVERWORKS MASTER TENANT, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-24    Present
    CF RIVERWORKS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-24    Present
    CF SAWYER DEPOSITOR, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-18    Present
    CF SAWYER MANAGER, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-18    Present
    CF SAWYER MASTER TENANT, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-18    Present
    CF SAWYER, LLC                      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-18    Present
    CF SECURED HOLDINGS I, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-16    Present
    CF SECURED HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-18    Present
    CF SILVERSTREAM DEPOSITOR, LLC      Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
    CF SILVERSTREAM MANAGER, LLC        Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
    CF SILVERSTREAM MASTER TENANT, LLC  Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Aug-21    Present
    CF SILVERSTREAM, LLC                Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
    CF SINGAPORE HOLDINGS, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Dec-21    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CF SPARC HOLDCO, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jan-22    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CF SPECIAL INVESTMENTS II, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Feb-24    Present
    CF SPECIAL INVESTMENTS MM, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Dec-21    Present
    CF SPECIAL INVESTMENTS, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Dec-21    Present
    CF STATION DEPOSITOR, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-20    Present
    CF STATION MANAGER, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-20    Present
    CF STATION MASTER TENANT, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-20    Present
    CF STATION, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-20    Present
    CF SUMMERFIELD DEPOSITOR, LLC       Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
    CF SUMMERFIELD DST HOLDER, LLC      Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
    CF SUMMERFIELD JV MANAGER, LLC      Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
    CF SUMMERFIELD MANAGER, LLC         Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
    CF SUMMERFIELD MASTER TENANT JV     Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
     MANAGER, LLC
    CF SUMMERFIELD MASTER TENANT JV     Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
     MEMBER, LLC
    CF SUMMERFIELD MEMBER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
    CF Summit Ridge Depositor, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-24    Present
    CF Summit Ridge Manager, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-24    Present
    CF Summit Ridge Master Tenant, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-24    Present
    CF Summit Ridge Multifamily DST     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-24    Present
    CF Summit Ridge, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-24    Present
    CF TEXAS MULTIFAMILY PORTFOLIO      Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Sep-21    Present
     MANAGER, LLC
    CF TOKYO HOLDINGS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Aug-17    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CF TRIBECA DEPOSITOR, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
    CF TRIBECA MANAGER, LLC             Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
    CF TRIBECA MASTER TENANT, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
    CF VALENCIA LIFE SCIENCES DST       Limited Liablitiy Company but  Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
     MANAGER, LLC                        treated as a C corp for tax
                                         pursposes
    CF VALENCIA LIFE SCIENCES, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-21    Present
    CF WEST END DEPOSITOR, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-22    Present
    CF WEST END DST HOLDER, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-22    Present
    CF WEST END MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
    CF WEST END MASTER TENANT MANAGER,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-22    Present
     LLC
    CF WEST END MASTER TENANT MEMBER,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-22    Present
     LLC
    CF WEST END, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-22    Present
    CF Westchester Depositor, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
    CF Westchester Manager, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
    CF Westchester Master Tenant, LLC   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
    CF Westchester, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
    CF WG INVESTORS, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
    CF WG MANAGER, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
    CF WG NET LEASE EQUITY, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-16    Present
    CF WG NET LEASE HOLDINGS, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
    CF WG NET LEASE MEZZ, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-16    Present
    CF WG NET LEASE, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
    CF WYATT DEPOSITOR, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
    CF WYATT MANAGER, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
    CF WYATT MASTER TENANT, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
    CF WYATT, LLC                       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-21    Present
    CF&Co HOLDINGS, L.P.                Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Apr-13    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CF&CO, LLC                          Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-13    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFAC HOLDINGS IV, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jan-20     Sep-24
    CFAC HOLDINGS IX, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS V, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jan-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS VI, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS VII, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS VIII, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS X, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS XI, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS XII, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS XIII, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS XIV, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS XIX, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS XV, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS XVI, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O          Jul-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS XVII, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS XVIII, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS XXI, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS XXII, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS XXIII, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS XXIV, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS XXV, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Mar-21    Present
    CFAC HOLDINGS XXX, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Mar-21    Present
    CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS IX,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
     LLC
    CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS VIII,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
     LLC
    CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS X, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
    CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XI,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
     LLC
    CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XII,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
     LLC
    CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XIII,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
     LLC
    CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XIV,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
     LLC
    CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XIX,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
     LLC
    CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XV,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
     LLC
    CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XVI,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
     LLC
    CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XVII,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
     LLC
    CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XVIII,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
     LLC
    CFAC INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS XX,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-21    Present
     LLC
    CFAL, LLC                           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Dec-17     Feb-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFAS HOLDINGS I, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Oct-12     Dec-23
    CFBH AURORA MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
    CFBH AURORA, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
    CFBH GLENMUIR MANAGER, LLC          Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    May-21    Present
    CFBH INDUSTRY MANAGER, LLC          Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
    CFBH INDUSTRY MASTER TENANT, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-21    Present
    CFBH INDUSTRY, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
    CFBH LEGACY AT FOX VALLEY MANAGER,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
     LLC
    CFBH LEGACY AT FOX VALLEY, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
    CFBH RAILWAY MANAGER, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-19    Present
    CFBH RAILWAY, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
    CFBH RIVERVIEW MANAGER, LLC         Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
    CFBH RIVERVIEW, LLC                 Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
    CFBH Summit Ridge Manager, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-24    Present
    CFBH Summit Ridge, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-24    Present
    CFBH WEST END MANAGER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-22    Present
    CFBH WEST END MASTER TENANT, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
    CFBH WEST END, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
    CFCAF ARBORETUM MANAGER, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
    CFCAF ARBORETUM, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
    CFCAF ARRABELLA MANAGER, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
    CFCAF ARRABELLA, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-22    Present
    CFCAF BALA WOODS, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-22    Present
    CFCAF CHISHOLM MANAGER, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
    CFCAF CHISHOLM, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
    CFCAF EMERSON MANAGER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-21    Present
    CFCAF EMERSON, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
    CFCAF EVOKE MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-20    Present
    CFCAF EVOKE, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-20    Present
    CFCAF Hendry Manager, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
    CFCAF HENDRY, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-19    Present
    CFCAF KACEY MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-21    Present
    CFCAF KACEY, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Nov-21    Present
    CFCAF PALMS MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
    CFCAF PALMS MASTER TENANT, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
    CFCAF PALMS, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-22    Present
    CFCAF PEARLAND MANAGER, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-23    Present
    CFCAF PEARLAND, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-23    Present
    CFCAF SILVERSTREAM MANAGER, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
    CFCAF STATION MANAGER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-20    Present
    CFCAF STATION, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-20    Present
    CFCCHLP, LLC                        Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-05    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFCO HOLDINGS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-13    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFE ACQUISITION I LIMITED           Memorandum of Association and  Director                    Apr-21    Present
                                         Articles of Association
    CFGM CF&CO HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFGM CFS HOLDINGS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFHGI Archer Manager, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
    CFHGI Archer, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-23    Present
    CFHGI RIVERWORKS MANAGER, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-24    Present
    CFHGI RIVERWORKS, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Mar-24    Present
    CFHGI Westchester Manager, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
    CFHGI Westchester, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-23    Present
    CFHKCM HOLDINGS I, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFHKCM HOLDINGS II, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFHZ ARROW CANYON MANAGER, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
    CFHZ ARROW CANYON, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-18    Present
    CFHZ BELLEVUE MANAGER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-19    Present
    CFHZ BELLEVUE, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-19    Present
    CFHZ RIVERTOP MANAGER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
    CFHZ RIVERTOP, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Sep-19    Present
    CFHZ SUMMERFIELD MASTER TENANT JV,  Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
     LLC
    CFHZ WYATT MANAGER, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-21    Present
    CFI PROPERTY MANAGEMENT, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
    CFIM ACQUISITIONS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-16    Present
    CFIM ADVISORS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-21    Present
    CFIM HOLDINGS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-16    Present
    CFIT ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-21    Present
    CFIT PROPERTY MANAGEMENT, LLC       Limited Liablitiy Company      Chairman                    Mar-21    Present
    CFIT REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS, LLC   Limited Liablitiy Company      C.E.O                       Oct-19    Present
    CFLP CANTOR INSURANCE GROUP         Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Mar-23    Present
     HOLDINGS, L.P.                                                     and C.E.O.
    CFLP CANTOR INSURANCE GROUP         Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-23    Present
     HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
    CFLP CF&CO HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFLP CF&CO I HOLDINGS, L.P.         Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFLP CFS HOLDINGS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFLP CFS I HOLDINGS, L.P.           Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-05    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFMEI, LLC                          Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-07     Feb-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFPH II, LLC                        Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFPH, LLC                           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFRPM CANYON CREEK MANAGER, LLC     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-24    Present
    CFRPM CANYON CREEK, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jan-24    Present
    CFRPM Remy Manager, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-24    Present
    CFRPM Remy, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-24    Present
    CFS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY CANADA    Unlimited Company              President                   Mar-12    Present
     CORP.
    CFS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY CANADA    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-12    Present
     HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      and C.E.O.
    CFS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY CANADA,   Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Mar-12    Present
     L.P.                                                               and C.E.O.
    CFS CF&CO HOLDINGS, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Sep-05    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFS CF&CO I HOLDINGS, L.P.          Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Feb-19    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFS MEXICO HOLDINGS I, L.P.         Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Sep-11     Feb-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFS MEXICO HOLDINGS II, L.P.        Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Sep-11     Feb-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFS MEXICO HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-13     Feb-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFS11 HOLDINGS, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-17     Nov-23
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CFV INVESTMENTS, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Mar-24    Present
    CFWD SAWYER MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-18    Present
    CFWD SAWYER, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-18    Present
    CG ANALYTICS, INC.                  Corporation                    Director and Chairman       Nov-15    Present
                                                                        of the Board of
                                                                        Directors
    CG TECHNOLOGY CHINA, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman of the Board       Nov-15    Present
                                                                        of Directors
    CG TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Oct-15    Present
    CG TECHNOLOGY GP, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman of the Board       Nov-15    Present
                                                                        of Directors
    CG TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, L.P.        Limited Partnership            Chairman of the Board       Jan-16    Present
                                                                        of Directors
    CG TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Managing Member,            Apr-15    Present
                                                                        Manager, Chairman and
                                                                        C.E.O.
    CG TECHNOLOGY NJ, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman of the Board       Nov-15    Present
                                                                        of Directors
    CG TECHNOLOGY US, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman of the Board       Nov-15    Present
                                                                        of Directors
    CG TECHNOLOGY, INC.                 Corporation                    Chairman of the Board       Nov-15    Present
                                                                        of Directors
    CG TECHNOLOGY, L.P.                 Limited Partnership            Chairman of the Board       Nov-15    Present
                                                                        of Directors
    CG TECHNOLOGY, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman of the Board       Nov-15    Present
                                                                        of Directors
    CIHLP II LLC                        Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-13    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CIHLP LLC                           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-13    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CITHAERON PARTNERS HOLDINGS, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-07     Feb-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CITHAERON PARTNERS, LLC             Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-07     Feb-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CLAIM COLLECTIONS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CLM ADVISORS HOLDINGS, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-23    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CLM ADVISORS, L.P.                  Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Mar-23    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CLM AGENCY HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-23    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CLM AGENCY, L.P.                    Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Mar-23    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    CRPPH, LLC                          Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-14    Present
    CVAFH I, LLC                        Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jul-13    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    DDC FINANCE, LLC                    Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-14    Present
    DDCAC, LLC                          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         May-13    Present
    DELIVERY HOLDINGS, L.P.             Limited Partnership            President                   Jul-21    Present
    DELIVERY HOLDINGS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      President                   Jul-21    Present
    DELIVERY.COM, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jul-09    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    DG-1 ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGER, LLC    Limited Liablity Company       Chairman                    Jun-15    Present
    DG-1 DEPOSITOR, LLC                 Limited Liablity Company       Chairman                    Jun-15    Present
    DG-1 PROPERTY MANAGEMENT, LLC       Limited Liablity Company       Chairman                    Jun-15    Present
    DLI 24, LLC                         Limited Liablitiy Company but  Managing Member,            Feb-24    Present
                                         treated as a Partnership for   Chairman, and C.E.O.
                                         tax pursposes
    EATS MEDIA, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-09     Oct-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    ESV LLC                             Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    FINTAN PARTNERS, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Feb-14    Present
    GGAM BAHAMAS LIMITED                Limited Liability Company      Director, Secretary,        May-15    Present
                                                                        and Vice Chairman
    GLOBAL GAMING ASSET MANAGEMENT      Limited Liability Company      Chairman of the Board,      Sep-10    Present
     HOLDINGS, LLC                                                      President, and C.E.O.
    GLOBAL GAMING ASSET MANAGEMENT,     Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Sep-10    Present
     L.P.                                                               and C.E.O.
    GLOBAL GAMING PHILIPPINES, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Co-Chairman                 May-14    Present
    GRCH, LLC                           Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-15    Present
    GREAT AUK, LLC                      Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    HELIX FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    HELIX FINANCIAL SYSTEMS, L.P.       Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Apr-11    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    HOLLYWOOD STOCK EXCHANGE, LL+D974C  Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Feb-07    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    INDEPENDENT MARKET SERVICES, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15     Feb-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    INNOVATIONS HOLDINGS, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    INSTASHIP LLC                       Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-12    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    INTERACTIVE GAMES LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-15    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    LAS VEGAS SPORTS MOBILE, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman of the Board       Nov-15    Present
                                                                        of Directors
    LEGAL INFOSYSTEMS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15     Jan-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    LEGAL INFOSYSTEMS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Apr-15     Jan-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    LET'S DO DELIVERY,LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President         Jan-23    Present
    LEXNET, L.P.                        Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Apr-06    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    LIFE INSURANCE ARCHITECTS GP, LLC   Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-06     Jan-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    LIFE INSURANCE ARCHITECTS, L.P.     Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Nov-06     Jan-24
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    LIFE INSURANCE DEPOSITORY           Corporation                    Director, Chairman,         Jul-11    Present
     CORPORATION                                                        President and C.E.O.
    LIFE SETTLEMENTS INTERNATIONAL,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        May-07     Jan-24
     LLC                                                                and C.E.O.
    LINEAGE ASSET COMPANY, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Sole Manager, Chairman,     Jul-14    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    MARCH MANAGEMENT GROUP, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        May-17    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    MARKET DATA CORPORATION             Corporation                    Chairman, President,        Apr-07    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    MODEL ACTUARIAL PRICING SYSTEMS     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-23    Present
     HOLDINGS, LLC
    MODEL ACTUARIAL PRICING SYSTEMS,    Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-23    Present
     L.P.
    NORTH DE ANZA BOULEVARD, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    May-21    Present
    PARK AVENUE INVESTMENT HOLDINGS,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-15    Present
     LLC
    RDN PROPERTY MANAGEMENT, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-20    Present
    RESOLUTION RECOVERY PARTNERS GP     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-14     Sep-24
     LLC
    RESOLUTION RECOVERY PARTNERS        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-14     Sep-24
     MANAGEMENT, LLC
    RESOLUTION RECOVERY PARTNERS        Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-14     Sep-24
     MANAGER, LLC
    RGGSR 1035 BATTERY STREET, LLC      Limited Liability Company      C.E.O                       Aug-19    Present
    RGSSR BATTERY STREET MANAGER, LLC   Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Sep-19    Present
    RODIN INCOME ADVISORS, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-18    Present
    RODIN INCOME TRUST OP HOLDINGS,     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         May-16    Present
     LLC
    RRP MANAGEMENT, LLC                 Limited Liablity Company       Chairman                    May-15     Sep-24
    STRUCTURED SERVICES INVESTMENT LO,  Limited Liability Company      President                   Mar-19    Present
     LLC                                 (Taxed as C-Corp)
    STRUCTURED SERVICES INVESTOR, LLC   Limited Liability Company      President                   Mar-19    Present
    THE CANTOR FITZGERALD FOUNDATION    Corporation                    Chairman, President         Aug-01    Present
    THE CANTOR FITZGERALD RELIEF FUND   Corporation (501c3 Charity)    Director                    Sep-08    Present
    THL 24, LLC                         Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Mar-24    Present
    TOWER BRIDGE INTERNATIONAL          Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jan-07    Present
     SERVICES HOLDINGS, L.P.                                            and C.E.O.
    TOWER BRIDGE INTERNATIONAL          Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jan-07    Present
     SERVICES HOLDINGS, LLC                                             and C.E.O.
    VIEW PRINCIPAL MEMBER, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Managing Member,            May-24    Present
                                                                        Chairman, and C.E.O.
    VIEW TOPCO, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Board of Managers           May-24    Present
                                                                        Member, Chairman
    WATER MILL 27 ASSOCIATES, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-15    Present
    WG MANAGER 1, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-20    Present
    WG MANAGER 2, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-20    Present
    WG MANAGER 3, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-20    Present
    WG MANAGER 4, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-20    Present
    WG MANAGER 5, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-20    Present
    WG NET LEASE INVESTORS, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-20    Present
    WG PROPERTY MANAGER, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-20    Present
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                         Annex C
                                        (BGC Group Inc. and Subsidiary Entities)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Entity                         Entity Type                   Position            From        To
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    BGC POTEN & PARTNERS HOLDINGS, LLC  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Oct-18    Present
    BGC RADIX ENERGY L.P.               Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    BGC REMATE HOLDINGS, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    BGC SECURITIES (HONG KONG) LLC      Limited Liability Company      Director, Chairman, and     Oct-96    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    BGC SUNRISE HOLDINGS, L.P.          Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Jul-16    Present
    BGC TECHNOLOGY (HONG KONG)          Corporation                    Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
     HOLDINGS I, INC.
    BGC TECHNOLOGY (HONG KONG)          Corporation                    Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
     HOLDINGS II, INC.
    BGC TECHNOLOGY (HONG KONG)          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
     HOLDINGS III, LLC
    BGC TECHNOLOGY (HONG KONG) LIMITED  Private Limited Company        Director                    Jul-00     Jan-22
    BGC TECHNOLOGY BROKERAGE HOLDINGS,  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
     LLC
    BGC TECHNOLOGY BROKERAGE, L.P.      Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    BGC TECHNOLOGY ELX HOLDINGS, L.P.   Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    BGC TECHNOLOGY ELX HOLDINGS, LLC    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    BGC TECHNOLOGY MARKETS HOLDINGS,    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
     LLC
    BGC TECHNOLOGY MARKETS, L.P.        Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Feb-18    Present
    BGC TECHNOLOGY, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    BGC TRADING HOLDINGS, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    BGC USA HOLDINGS, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-09    Present
    BGC USA, L.P.                       Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-09    Present
    BGCBI, LLC                          Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    BGCCMHK HOLDINGS II, LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-09    Present
    BGCCMHK HOLDINGS, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-09    Present
    BGCCMLP HOLDINGS, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-09    Present
    BGCF HOLDINGS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-09    Present
    BGCIHLP, LLC                        Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    BGCP II, INC.                       Corporation                    Chairman and C.E.O.         Dec-17    Present
    CX FUTURES EXCHANGE HOLDINGS, L.P.  Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-15    Present
    CX FUTURES EXCHANGE HOLDINGS, LLC   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Apr-16    Present
    CHART TRADING DEVELOPMENT, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    CX CLEARINGHOUSE HOLDINGS, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Director, Chairman, and     Apr-16    Present
                                                                        C.E.O.
    eAB HOLDINGS, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-05    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    ELX FUTURES HOLDINGS, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman, Director,         Jun-07    Present
                                                                        President, and C.E.O.
    ESX CLEARING HOLDINGS, LLC          Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Jun-07    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    ESX CLEARING, L.P.                  Limited Partnership            Chairman, President,        Jun-07    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    FENICS SOFTWARE, INC.               Corporation                    Director and Chairman       Aug-16    Present
    FHLP HOLDINGS, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Aug-18    Present
    FHLP, L.P.                          Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Aug-18    Present
    FMX FUTURES EXCHANGE HOLDINGS GP,   Limited Liability Company      Director, Chairman, and     Jul-18    Present
     LLC                                                                C.E.O.
    FMX HOLDINGS, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Director, Chairman          Apr-23    Present
    FMX SERVICES, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         May-19    Present
    FREEDOM INTERNATIONAL HOLDING,      Limited Partnership            C.E.O. and President        Apr-01    Present
     L.P.
    GFI FUTURES EXCHANGE LLC            Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    GFI GROUP INC.                      Corporation                    Chairman and C.E.O.         Feb-15    Present
    GFI GROUP LLC                       Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Aug-16    Present
    GFI MARKETS LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Aug-16    Present
    GFI SECURITIES LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jun-21     Mar-22
    GFINET HOLDINGS INC.                Corporation                    Director and Chairman       Aug-16    Present
    GFINET INC.                         Corporation                    Director, Chairman,         May-15    Present
                                                                        President and C.E.O.
    GFIX LLC                            Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    IVG ENERGY, LTD                     Limited partnership            Chairman                    Sep-24    Present
    LFI HOLDINGS, LLC                   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    LIQUIDITY PARTNERS, L.P.            Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Sep-24    Present
    LUCERA FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURES,   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
     LLC
    LUCERA FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC      Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    LUCERA INFRASTRUCTURES, LLC         Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    LUCERA OPERATIONS, LLC              Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    LUCERA SERVICES, LLC                Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    MINT BROKERS HOLDINGS I, LLC        Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    MINT BROKERS HOLDINGS II, LLC       Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
    POTEN & PARTNERS GROUP, INC.        Corporation                    Chairman                    Apr-23    Present
    POTEN & PARTNERS, INC.              Corporation                    Chairman                    Apr-23    Present
    RMT EMPLOYMENT SERVICES HOLDINGS    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22     May-23
     I, LLC
    RMT EMPLOYMENT SERVICES HOLDINGS    Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-22    Present
     II, LLC
    RMT EMPLOYMENT SERVICES, S. DE      Variable Capital Limited       Alternate Director          Dec-20    Present
     R.L. de C.V.                        Liability Company
    SAGE ENERGY PARTNERS, LP            Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Sep-24    Present
    SAGE REFINED PRODUCTS, LTD.         Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Sep-24    Present
    SEMINOLE CAPITAL MARKETS, L.P.      Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Jun-10    Present
    THE EURO BROKERS RELIEF FUND, INC.  Charitable Trust (501c3        Director                    Aug-06    Present
                                         Charity)
    TOWER BRIDGE GP LIMITED             Private Limited Company        Director and Chairman       Dec-06    Present
    TRADESOFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.        Corporation                    Director                    Feb-97    Present
    TREASURYCONNECT LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Nov-99    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                         Annex D
                                      (Newmark Group Inc. and Subsidiary Entities)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Entity                         Entity Type                   Position            From        To
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    375 PARK INVESTMENTS HOLDINGS LLC   Limited Liability Company      C.E.O.                      Dec-16    Present
    BERKELEY POINT FINANCIAL SERVICES   Limited Liability Company      Director                    Sep-11    Present
     LLC
    FULCRUM COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE LLC  Limited Liability Company      Co-Chairman                 Jul-17    Present
    NEWMARK ACQUISITION CORP.           Corporation                    Director                    Sep-20    Present
    NEWMARK ACQUISITION HOLDINGS, LLC   Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-20    Present
    NEWMARK BPF HOLDINGS, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-17    Present
    NEWMARK GP, LLC                     Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-17    Present
    NEWMARK GROUP, INC.                 Corporation                    Director, Chairman of       Nov-16    Present
                                                                        the Board of Directors
    NEWMARK HOLDINGS, L.P.              Limited Partnership            Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-17    Present
    NEWMARK HOLDINGS, LLC               Limited Liability Company      Chairman and C.E.O.         Sep-17    Present
    NEWMARK NOTES, LLC                  Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Dec-17    Present
    NEWMARK PARTNERS, L.P.              Limited Partnership            Chairman                    Oct-17    Present
    NEWMARK S11 GP. LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-17    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    NEWMARK S11 HOLDINGS, LLC           Limited Liability Company      Chairman                    Jul-17    Present
    NEWMARK S11 LP, LLC                 Limited Liability Company      Chairman, President,        Mar-17    Present
                                                                        and C.E.O.
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                         Annex E
                                               (Not-for-Profits & Boards)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Entity                         Entity Type                   Position            From        To
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    National September 11 Memorial &    Not-for-Profit Corporation     Director                    Jan-06    Present
     Museum
    Partnership for New York City       Not-for-Profit Corporation     Director                    Jan-11    Present
    WEIL CORNELL MEDICINE               Medical College                Board Fellow                Jul-23    Present
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                    Annex F
        All information is redacted.

                        Annex G (Political Contributions)
                   Howard W. Lutnick--Political Contributions
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Date                         Name                    Amount
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    9/29/2014              Americans ForResponsible                 5,000.00
                            Solutions PAC
    11/3/2014              Jolly Victory                            7,600.00
    3/15/2015              Right To Rise Super PAC, Inc            25,000.00
    9/17/2015              Jeb 2016 Inc                             5,400.00
    9/25/2015              Friends Of David Jolly                   5,400.00
    8/10/2016              Marco Rubio For Senate 2016              2,700.00
    11/1/2016              Arizona Grassroots Action               25,000.00
    11/1/2016              Schumer Committee For The               32,000.00
                            Majority
    12/9/2016              58th Presidential Inaugural          1,000,000.00
                            Committee
    5/17/2017              Republican National Committee          250,000.00
    10/20/2017             Mwphy For Governor                       4,300.00
    6/28/2018              Republican National Committee          250,000.00
    7/31/2018              Zeldin For Congress                      5,400.00
    8/9/2019               Trump Victory-Revenue                  250,000.00
    6/3/2020               Zeldin For Congress                        500.00
    9/25/2020              Republican National Committee          250,000.00
    9/25/2020              AIPAC                                   25,000.00
    12/22/2020             Senate Leadership Fund               1,000,000.00
    5/10/2021              New Yorkers For Tali                    10,000.00
    6/9/2021               Vote For NYC's Future Inc.              25,000.00
    6/11/2021              New Start NYC                           15,000.00
    6/16/2021              Take Back The House 2022               754,500.00
    4/11/2022              Honor Pennsylvania Inc.                100,000.00
    4/20/2022              A New New York                         100,000.00
    6/30/2022              Take Back The House 2022               488,400.00
    6/30/2022              Congressional Leadership Fund        1,000,000.00
    11/14/2022             America For Everyone                 1,000,000.00
    4/3/2023               Congressional Leadership Fund          200,000.00
    4/3/2023               Protect The House 2024                 500,800.00
    11/17/2023             Republican National Committee          413,000.00
    12/29/2023             Make America Great Again Inc.          250,000.00
    12/29/2023             Keystone Renewal PAC                   500,000.00
    1/16/2024              American Exceptionalism PAC            150,000.00
    1/26/2024              Make America Great Again Inc.          750,000.00
    4/1/2024               2024 RNC Victory                       409,700.00
    5/15/2024              Keystone Renewal PAC                   500,000.00
    8/5/2024               Make America Great Again Inc.        5,000,000.00
    9/26/2024              TeamMcCormick                          300,000.00
    9/30/2024              Congressional Leadership Fund        1,500,000.00
    10/16/2024             Make America Great Again Inc.        3,000,000.00
    10/21/2024             Turnout for America                  2,000,000.00
    10/23/2024             Trump Vance 2025 Transition, Inc.      600,000.00
    11/1/2024              The Sentinel Action Fund               250,000.00
    11/4/2024              Friends of Andy Barr                     5,800.00
    12/23/2024             Trump Vance Inagural Committee       1,047,000.00
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

                    Allison Lutnick--Political Contributions
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Date                         Name                     Amount
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    11/3/2014            Jolly Victory Committee                    7,600.00
    5/9/2015             Friends Of Schumer                        10,000.00
    9/27/2015            Friends Of David Jolly                     5,400.00
    6/30/2018            Bob Hugin For Senate                       5,400.00
    4/8/2021             New York For Ray                         250,000.00
    5/11/2021            New Yorkers For Schumer                   11,600.00
    10/23/2024           PA Victory                               292,400.00
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

             Annex H (Public Statements, TV, News, Radio, Podcasts)
    Company Press Releases:
    https://ir.bgcg.com/news/bgc-s-howard-w-lutnick-nominated-for-u-s-
    secretary-of-commerce/c9ecc757-0c0e-4404-8862-1061fd755666/

    https://www.nmrk.com/insights/press-releases/newmarks-howard-w-lutnick-
    nominated-for-u-s-secretary-of-commerce
    Relevant Articles:
    https://www.ft.com/content/8a8a470d-4bf6-4ac5-9f25-ad546eee31af

    https://www.wsj.com/business/howard-lutnick-cantor-fitzgerald-trump-
    administration-a01f3abc

    https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/howard-lutnick-donald-trump-
    transition-committee-20241023.html

    TV Interviews: https://grabien.com/file/
    getmedia?id=2737182&key=5c4bbdb27e6
    117bd36185fad77ca643b&userid=17147

    https://grabien.com/file/
    getmedia?id=2737180&key=04e525c7040576777d4d3f9de78
    3e492&userid=17147

    https://grabien.com/file/
    getmedia?id=2737172&key=8c4cbbef2403038fcedd2dafdc3
    847ac&userid=17147

    https://grabien.com/file/
    getmedia?id=2737176&key=8612ecb0057464d37d79465614
    b99c3e&userid=17147

    https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQ0Mgu7knFpeVJLGmZ9mcIA

    https://www.cnbc.com/video/2024/10/24/union-rank-and-file-workers-will-
    vote-for-trump-says-trump-transition-co-chair-howard-lutnick.html

    https://www.cnbc.com/video/2024/09/09/balanced-tariffs-make-the-most-
    sense-for-u-s-economy-says-cantor-fitzgeralds-howard-lutnick.html

    https://www.cnbc.com/video/2024/07/17/watch-cnbcs-full-interview-with-
    cantor-fitzgeralds-howard-lutnick.html

    https://youtu.be/LESkb0qGFiU?si=u7HpiVlGDg0M756z

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LESkb0qGFiU

    https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/lots-leaders-wa1l-street-
    privately-supporting-trump-transition-team-co-chair-says
    Podcasts:
    The Pomp Podcast (Anthony Pompliano): https://www.youtube.com/
    watch?v=4Aign
    545PPA&t

    The Gary Vee Experience (Gary Vaynerchuck)

       Part 1: https://youtu.be/BkAVV7RiGwc?si=hydMznMlQ0gI2BvT

       Part 2: https://youtu.be/PG74X8-tydY?si=20wLjpBuJ-O8jDk4

    Nothing Left Unsaid (Tim Green): https://youtu.be/
    KsLbTGlFgBY?si=KRZcNKMY
    CEsZNlM0

                                     X posts
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Date                 Content                       Link
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    12/19/24         Great to see the fantastic   https://x.com/
                      @kloeffier in the Senate     howardlutnick/
                      offices ahead of the        status/1869868171600998650
                      holidays. President Trump
                      has assembled a power
                      house team for his next
                      Administration. https://
                      t.co/9rH179UdmR
    12/13/24         Congratulations to my        https://x.com/
                      friend @RepFrenchHill on     howardlutnick/
                      his election to chair of    status/1867555342995116253
                      the House Financial
                      Services Committee. He
                      will do an amazing job.
    12/12/24         Thank you@SenTedBuddNC. I    https://x.com/
                      look forward to working      howardlutnick/
                      with you to enact           status/1867276730689351883
                      President Trump's economic
                      policies and unleash our
                      economy. https://tco/
                      z4xcG5Cns2
    12/11/24         It has been one of the       https://x.com/
                      greatest honors of my life   howardlutnick/
                      to help my good friend.     status/1866967268032385262
                      President Donald Trump.
                      Thanks to his leadership,
                      we have assembled the most
                      extraordinary team in the
                      history of this country.
                      Now it's time to Make
                      America Great Again.
    11/30/24         Interesting for sure.        https://x.com/
                                                   howardlutnick/
                                                  status/1862846771082269009
    11/30/24         @TrumpDailyPosts             https://x.com/
                      Interesting for sure.        howardlutnick/
                                                  status/1862846526667522213
    11/19/24         Thank you, President Trump   https://x.com/
                      for your trust in me to      howardlutnick/
                      help Make America Great     status/1858994052504711380
                      Again. As the next
                      Secretary of Commerce. I
                      will join the best
                      administration the US has
                      ever seen and unleash our
                      full economic potential
                      https//t.co/CTrOsdH6nt
    11/10/24         Yes. @elonnrusk and I        https://x.com/
                      cannot agree more.           howardlutnick/
                                                  status/1855703313146098105
    11/6/24          I cannot be happier or more  https://x.com/
                      proud @realDonaldTrump       howardlutnick/
                      will be our 47th            status/1854073709314658573
                      President. I really
                      enjoyed helping him. his
                      amazing family, Susie,
                      Chris, and his
                      extraordinary team. The
                      campaign was impressive.
                      The American people spoke
                      loudly and clearly. and we
                      will have four years with
    11/5/24          Today is the day. I am       https://x.com/
                      proud to vote for            howardlutnick/
                      President                   status/1853792377086828718
                      @realDonaldTrump. He will
                      protect the American
                      workforce, unleash our
                      country's ingenuity, and
                      strengthen our economy.
                      Join me in going to the
                      polls and we will Make
                      America Great Again
    10/31/24         To be clear, my wife and I   https://x.com/
                      trust our doctors and        howardlutnick/
                      following their advice      status/1851848114573054407
                      have vaccinated our
                      children and ourselves.
                      However, not everybody
                      trusts such advice or the
                      FDA. We would be doing
                      everyone a service if the
                      government respected Bobby
                      Kennedy's request to make
                      the full data
    10/30/24         I met with Bobby Kennedy     https://x.com/
                      for over two hours and he    howardlutnick/
                      was the opposite of what    status/1851809029724459146
                      the media portrays.
                      Sunlight is the best
                      disinfectant--he wants to
                      study the full data (not
                      what the NIH decides to
                      put out) and let the
                      American people decide.
                      https://t.co/6vKNdYkVa7
    10/29/24         I'm excited to be worlcing   https://x.com/
                      with RFK Jr. on protecting   howardlutnick/
                      America's health. https://  status/1851328268504326472
                      t.co/13uYhGzEwE
    10/28/24         Amazing conversation with    https://x.com/
                      @apompliano--he's focused    howardlutnick/
                      on all the right things.    status/1850997008326087135
                      We discussed #Bitcoin and
                      Stablecoins, as well as
                      the upcoming election--the
                      outcome will determine
                      whether or not we can fix
                      our broken country.
    10/27/24         Elon Musk says we can rip    https://x.com/
                      $2 trillion in waste from    howardlutnick/
                      our budget. Let's do it.    status/1850712956683575326
    10/27/24         Let's go New York! We must   https://x.com/
                      reelect @realDonaldTrump.    howardlutnick/
                      https://t.co/UUUShjh0wB     status/1850708009904722083
    10/27/24         Thank you New York! We must  https://x.com/
                      reelect @realDonaldTrump.    howardlutnick/
                      https://t.co/LoDIQHoxeb     status/1850707765011870125
    10/27/24         The United States owns the   https://x.com/
                      spectrum, and it should      howardlutnick/
                      only be auctioned for use   status/1850516349904146465
                      by those who agree to be
                      nonpartisan. Companies
                      that do business with
                      America shouldn't be
                      allowed to use that power
                      for partisan politics.
                      Simple rule: The Companies
                      that use the U.S.
                      government's
    10/26/24         President Trump is the       https://x.com/
                      business winner to run the   howardlutnick/
                      country. Not a permanent    status/1850355725244969054
                      politician who's never
                      created anything in her
                      life. https://t.co/
                      l2oJLAepul
    10/25/24         The biggest business         https://x.com/
                      leaders in our country       howardlutnick/
                      support President Trump in  status/1849831119358705968
                      this election. The stakes
                      are too high. And in 12
                      days, we'll all work
                      together to unleash the
                      power of the United States
                      of America. https://t.co/
                      mwNjcCYVPg
    10/24/24         Inflation is up 20 percent   https://x.com/
                      under the Harris-Biden       howardlutnick/
                      administration, but they    status/1849471351679070708
                      continue to lecture us
                      about economic policy.
                      President Trump has
                      solutions, and it starts
                      on day one when we put an
                      end to our unfair trade
                      relationships. https://
                      t.co/jN6OPt7Chk
    10/22/24         Opening up our domestic      https://x.com/
                      lithium reserves will        howardlutnick/
                      fundamentally improve       status/1848790890585751650
                      America. We will become
                      the lowest cost producer
                      of batteries and reduce
                      our ridiculous reliance on
                      imports. @elonmusk always
                      explains how costly and
                      absurd it is for him to
                      import lithium from
                      Australia for
    10/22/24         I've gone to the top 150     https://x.com/
                      Republicans in the country   howardlutnick/
                      and their message is        status/1848777065312751783
                      simple: we're here to
                      help. These are the best
                      people driven by public
                      service and commitment to
                      President Trump's mission.
                      In 13 days, we will
                      reelect President Trump,
                      then the work begins.
                      https://t.co/vqL1DX1YMs
    10/21/24         The price of McDonalds       https://x.com/
                      French Fries has gone up     howardlutnick/
                      44 percent in the past      status/1848457704890634467
                      five years. Have wages
                      risen significantly in
                      that period? No. And yet
                      the Democrats want you to
                      think you're better off
                      under the Biden-Harris
                      administration. We are
                      not. https://t.co/
                      kKkrIf5ltI
    10/18/24         Thank you to Officer         https://x.com/
                      Skomski and all of the       howardlutnick/
                      officers of the @AHPOLICE   status/1847463493798150387
                      for keeping us secure at
                      tonight's community
                      roundtable in Detroit.
                      Patriots! https://t.co/
                      WR9dJTJr6A
    10/17/24         President Trump needs        https://x.com/
                      allies in his                howardlutnick/
                      administration, not         status/1846967900558545327
                      staffers undermining his
                      agenda. There are over 70
                      million Trump supporters
                      across the country. And
                      the best people are ready
                      to take the field on day
                      one to Make America Great
                      Again. https://t.co/
                      6s9mRn5ZQz
    10/16/24         It's nonsense that Ireland   https://x.com/
                      of all places runs a trade   howardlutnick/
                      surplus at our expense. We  status/1846588966058799234
                      don't make anything here
                      anymore--even great
                      American cars are made in
                      Mexico. When we end this
                      nonsense, America will be
                      a truly great country
                      again. You'll be shocked!
    10/14/24         Welcome to DOGE. We will     https://x.com/
                      rip the waste out of our     howardlutnick/
                      $6.5 Trillion budget. Our   status/1845827179549982823
                      goal: Balance the Budget
                      of the USA. We must elect
                      Donald Trump President.
                      @elonmusk @realDonaldTrump
                      https://t.co/jTKBhr07m5
    10/11/24         I like this one https://     https://x.com/
                      t.co/61Pv6DsXvQ              howardlutnick/
                                                  status/1856152744945406281
    10/9/24          Thanks @SenTedCruz for a     https://x.com/
                      great discussion today. I    howardlutnick/
                      appreciate your support!    status/1866297418578301131
    10/7/24          Today, I had the great       https://x.com/
                      honor of accompanying        howardlutnick/
                      President @realDonaldTrump  status/1843401537650905408
                      to visit the tomb of Rebbe
                      Schneerson. We spent time
                      with Adi and Yael
                      Alexander, parents of Edan
                      (20 years old), one of the
                      American hostages held by
                      Hamas in Gaza for the last
                      year. @benshapiro also
                      joined
    10/7/24          When a President asks you    https://x.com/
                      to serve, you serve. I am    howardlutnick/
                      proud to co-lead the Trump/ status/1843273849175208387
                      Vance 2025 Transition
                      team. @FT https://t.co/
                      WyRgTCBeMj
    10/4/24          At first glance, today's     https://x.com/
                      jobs report numbers look     howardlutnick/
                      rosy, but there's a lot     status/1842269206873870783
                      more going on under the
                      hood. Let's break it down:
                       9,000
                      transportation and
                      warehousing jobs were lost
                      last month.
                      Another 7,000
                      manufacturing jobs
                      disappeared, continuing
                      the trend of these jobs
    10/3/24          This is correct.             https://x.com/
                      @realDonaldTrump will use    howardlutnick/
                      tariffs to build back       status/1841904040701296841
                      American factories and
                      industry. On top of that,
                      we will earn significant
                      revenues from these
                      tariffs to help balance
                      our budget instead of
                      dramatically raising taxes
                      on Americans. Some
                      countries will choose to
    10/1/24          Senator @JDVance was very    https://x.com/
                      clear tonight--he cares      howardlutnick/
                      about the working men and   status/1841321449887305814
                      women of America. That's
                      what came through in the
                      #VPDebate. Watch my
                      interview with
                      @BloombergTV. https://t.co/
                      7RHfsQQOsM
    10/1/24          Tune into @BloombergTV to    https://x.com/
                      hear my take on tonight's    howardlutnick/
                      #VPDebate.                  status/1841311801385894383
    10/1/24          Senator @JDVance is          https://x.com/
                      fearless and that's what     howardlutnick/
                      you're going to see in the  status/1841282088634327518
                      #VPDebate tonight. He had
                      a difficult childhood, but
                      his story reflects the
                      American dream. I spoke
                      with @BBCNews about who he
                      is and how he and
                      President @realDonaldTrump
                      will fight for American
                      workers if https://t.co/
                      OZsJ3zgYZu
    10/1/24          I just wrapped up with       https://x.com/
                      @FoxBusiness where I         howardlutnick/
                      explained how President     status/1841269066276667705
                      @realDonaldTrump and
                      @JDVance's economic
                      policies are going to
                      bring jobs that Americans
                      need back to our country.
                      We need President Trump to
                      protect and defend our
                      workforce. We need a
                      commander in chief. https:/
                      /t.co/E35dRamRX1
    10/1/24          In just a few minutes I'll   https://x.com/
                      be joining @BBCNews to       howardlutnick/
                      discuss all things          status/1841268494798585930
                      #VPDebate. Watch live.
    10/1/24          I'm about to be live on      https://x.com/
                      @FoxBusiness talking about   howardlutnick/
                      the #VPDebate. Tune in for  status/1841250844186128721
                      my thoughts on what to
                      watch for in tonight's
                      debate.
    10/1/24          Tonight, Senator @JDVance    https://x.com/
                      is going to show the rest    howardlutnick/
                      of the country what I know  status/1841239332159426576
                      personally, that he is a
                      man of integrity, with our
                      Nation's best interests at
                      heart. When he visited BGC
                      Group on 9/11, he spoke
                      with deep compassion and
                      kindness about the loss we
                      experienced 23 https://
                      t.co/0EjIi99l5g
    10/1/24          President                    https://x.com/
                      @realDonaldTrump's Op-Ed     howardlutnick/
                      in @Newsweek today is a     status/1841195302075641984
                      strong, clear statement on
                      how he will end the
                      gutting of our American
                      manufacturing, mining, and
                      drilling workforce and
                      bring back these jobs to
                      America. His plans are pro
                      our American workers. We
                      will deliver his vison
    9/30/24          On day one of                https://x.com/
                      @realDonaldTrump's second    howardlutnick/
                      term, we will field an      status/1840744409362497607
                      incredible group of
                      talented individuals to
                      execute President Trump's
                      policies. Every day, world-
                      class people come up to me
                      and say they want to help
                      and/or serve. I cannot
                      wait.
    9/28/24          Harris's tax policy will     https://x.com/
                      crush innovation in          howardlutnick/
                      America. Taxing unrealized  status/1840067302147912186
                      capital gains would
                      destroy venture capital
                      and innovation for tech
                      and health care companies,
                      severely limiting their
                      ability to raise capital.
                      They must raise funds to
                      grow. If she taxes that
                      pipeline, we https://t.co/
                      Ju4Hd5PAFv
    8/23/24          Speculation about where the  https://twitter.com/
                      Fed is going with rates is   howardlutnick/
                      all over the place, but     status/1826963963914924036
                      I'm sticking with the call
                      I've been making all year.
                      One cut. It'll come in
                      September just to show off
                      before the election.
                     https://twitter.com/
                      howardlutnick/
                     status/1826963963914924036/
                      video/1
    8/22/24          I look forward to            https://twitter.com/
                      supporting President         howardlutnick/
                      Trump, working alongside    status/1826431777096827037
                      this incredible group of
                      individuals.
                     https://twitter.com/
                      howardlutnick/
                     status/1826431777096827037/
                      photo/1
    8/21/24          One of America's greatest    https://twitter.com/
                      strengths is that the        howardlutnick/
                      dollar is everywhere--      status/1826329920366411872
                      circulating globally,
                      being used as the world's
                      reserve currency.
                      @Tether_to has taken that
                      to the next level by
                      putting $USDT, the digital
                      dollar, into the hands of
                      people in emerging markets
                      across the
    8/21/24          I was on @MariaBartiromo's   https://twitter.com/
                      show this morning            howardlutnick/
                      discussing President        status/1826320857863446638
                      Trump's economic policies.
                      Reduce regulation, lower
                      taxes, bring businesses
                      back to our country, and
                      unleash American
                      ingenuity. These policies
                      really work for our
                      American economy.
                      @FoxBusiness https://
                      twitter.com/morningsmaria/
                      status/1826245367849238692
    8/21/24          I was on @MariaBartiromo's   https://twitter.com/
                      show this morning            howardlutnick/
                      discussing President        status/1826320234686386565
                      Trump's economic policies.
                      Reduce regulation, lower
                      taxes, bring businesses
                      back to our country, and
                      unleash American
                      ingenuity. These policies
                      really work for our
                      American economy.
                      @MorningsMaria
                      @FoxBusiness
    8/9/24           I had the pleasure of        https://twitter.com/
                      hosting President Trump at   howardlutnick/
                      my home last week,          status/1821923618063810729
                      surrounded by 130
                      supporters who share his
                      vision for America. During
                      the evening, he answered
                      questions and spoke on the
                      key topics impacting our
                      country and the world at
                      large. I believe his
                      policies will be https://
                      twitter.com/howardlutnick/
                      status/1821923618063810729/
                      photo/1
    8/9/24           I had the pleasure of        https://twitter.com/
                      hosting President Trump at   howardlutnick/
                      my home last week,          status/1821908546520227849
                      surrounded by 130
                      supporters who share his
                      vision for America. During
                      the evening, he answered
                      questions and spoke on the
                      key topics impacting our
                      country and the world at
                      large. I believe his
                      policies will be https://
                      twitter.com/howardlutnick/
                      status/1821908546520227849/
                      photo/1
    8/9/24           I had the pleasure of        https://twitter.com/
                      hosting President Trump at   howardlutnick/
                      my home last week,          status/1821902015875698984
                      surrounded by 130
                      supporters who share his
                      vision for America. During
                      the evening, he answered
                      questions and spoke on the
                      key topics impacting our
                      country and the world at
                      large. I believe his
                      policies will be https://
                      twitter.com/howardlutnick/
                      status/1821902015875698984/
                      pho to/1
    8/6/24           Former President Trump       https://twitter.com/
                      knows what needs to be       howardlutnick/
                      done to make America great  status/1820952994482909380
                      for business again. At the
                      recent fundraiser I hosted
                      for him we raised $15M to
                      send him back to the White
                      House. Incredible. https://
                      twitter.com/howardlutnick/
                      status/1820952994482909380/
                      photo/1
    8/6/24           The #Bitcoin welcome party   https://twitter.com/
                      is heating up. https://      howardlutnick/
                      twitter.com/                status/1820903573711917490
                      BitcoinMagazine/status/
                      1820821552172089619
    8/5/24           We need a second term for    https://twitter.com/
                      President Trump. https://    howardlutnick/
                      twitter.com/MarioNawfal/    status/1820462701816242276
                      status/1820440101328920778
    8/2/24           I have known Former          https://twitter.com/
                      President @realDonaldTrump   howardlutnick/
                      for decades--I was even a   status/1819367756279509350
                      guest on The Apprentice
                      back in 2008. I appreciate
                      his kind words about me
                      and Cantor Fitzgerald
                      during his speech at
                      @TheBitcoinConf. It's
                      exciting to see him take a
                      supportive stance on
                      #Bitcoin, https://
                      twitter.com/howardlutnick/
                      status/1819367756279509350/
                      video/1
    7/31/24          I am a fan of #Bitcoin.      https://twitter.com/
                      Cantor Fitzgerald is a fan   howardlutnick/
                      of Bitcoin, and our         status/1818734868886684076
                      investment bank is a
                      rockstar in the digital
                      asset space. We are just
                      getting started. Watch my
                      full speech at
                      @TheBitcoinConf Nashville
                      2024. https://twitter.com/
                      howardlutnick/status/
                      1818734868886684076/video/
                      1
    7/31/24          It's nice when the whole     https://twitter.com/
                      world agrees with            howardlutnick/
                      something I've been saying  status/1818678297049375109
                      for months--interest rates
                      are staying put until
                      September. @BloombergTV
                      @sonalibasak @kgreifeld
                      https://www.youtube.com/
                      watch?v=sKKh0JnmuR8
    7/31/24          It's nice when the whole     https://twitter.com/
                      world agrees with            howardlutnick/
                      something I've been saying  status/1818678110071542182
                      for months--interest rates
                      are staying put until
                      September. https://
                      www.youtube.com/
                      watch?v=sKKh0JnmuR8
    7/28/24          Cantor is a rockstar in the  https://twitter.com/
                      digital space. We work       howardlutnick/
                      with miners, power, data    status/1817371827280232471
                      centers. We are here to
                      support you if you are in
                      the business of digital
                      assets and crypto.
    7/22/24          I'm seeing a lot to like in  https://twitter.com/
                      the next few months First,   howardlutnick/
                      what would a new            status/1815396236775575928
                      administration mean for
                      the markets? The current
                      stock market is doing
                      pretty well, but it's
                      being driven largely by
                      the seven largest tech
                      firms. Republicans like
                      lower corporate tax rates
                      and less https://
                      twitter.com/howardlutnick/
                      status/1815396236775575928/
                      video/1
    7/2/24           .@BillAckman @POTUS @FLOTUS  https://twitter.com/
                      I've been saying this all    howardlutnick/
                      along. Jill Biden doesn't   status/1808105259174068731
                      want to give up the power.
                      He doesn't fight her, so
                      the presidency is
                      effectively shared by
                      FLOTUS. She attends his
                      meetings and ``helps'' him
                      decide issues. Why should
                      She give up the nomination
                      and the power?
    6/19/24          The group of governments     https://twitter.com/
                      known as BRICS, (Brazil,     howardlutnick/
                      Russia, India, China and    status/1803429352773697971
                      South Africa), has now
                      invited Iran to join. This
                      is literally the fight
                      over the U.S. dollar bring
                      the currency of the world.
                      The U.S. needs responsible
                      dollar-backed stablecoins.
                      The digital dollar matters
    6/13/24          Not surprised by the Fed's   https://
                      decision this week--I've     twitter.comlhowardlutnick/
                      been saying this all year.
                      Even with inflation         status/1801352339443405113
                      numbers coming in better
                      than expected, there was
                      only ever going to be one
                      cut this year. Likely
                      September.
    6/3/24           Very thoughtful analysis     https://
                      from @belier. This is how    twitter.comlhowardlutnick/
                      Americans should be
                      thinking about              status/1797670113241600275
                      stablecoins. The Dollar
                      Matters. https://
                      twitter.com/NFX/status/
                      1796190583775547524
    5/31/24          Here's something I'm         https://
                      keeping an eye on. Biden     twitter.comlhowardlutnick/
                      has a resolution from
                      Congress on his desk (one   status/1796576178578374778
                      of the few bipartisan
                      wins) that overturns the
                      SEC's SAB 121, which
                      Congress realized is
                      ridiculous. SAB 121 forces
                      banks to record digital
                      assets on their balance
                      sheets, unlike other
    5/23/24          SEC has approved the $ETH    https://
                      spot ETF. $BTC was moving    twitter.comlhowardlutnick/
                      earlier this week based on
                      the rumors. BTC owners      status/1793777661510046141
                      should view ETH as a BTC
                      levered derivative--same
                      direction but more
                      volatility. In my opinion,
                      Gensler knows that his
                      boss needs every vote and
                      made the right call. I
                      view...
    1/16/24          No chance #Fed cutting       https://
                      175bps in 2024. $BGC stock   twitter.comlhowardlutnick/
                      performance off the charts
                      because interest rates are  status/1747382563843330374
                      back. BGC's Futures
                      Exchange, #FMX, to compete
                      with the CME in 2024.
                      $USDT and $BTC are the two
                      great crypto assets.
                      https://www.voutube.com/
                      watch?v=9bS30TgaHp4
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                    LinkedIn
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Date                  Content                        Link
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    10/28/24        Amazing conversation with      https://www.linkedin.com/
                     Anthony Pompliano--he's        feed/
                     focused on all the right      update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                     things. We discussed Bitcoin  7256801571110309888
                     and Stablecoins, as well as
                     the upcoming election--the
                     outcome will determine
                     whether or not we can fix
                     our broken country.
    10/07/24        Today, I had the great honor   https://www.linkedin.com/
                     of accompanying President      feed/
                     Donald Trump to visit the     update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                     tomb of Rebbe Schneerson. We  7249169069709389825
                     spent time with Adi and Yael
                     Alexander, parents of Edan
                     (20 years old), one of the
                     American hostages held by
                     Hamas in Gaza for the last
                     year. Ben Shapiro also
                     joined us for this
                     incredibly moving October
                     7th memorial. President
                     Trump stands with Israel and
                     the Jewish people all around
                     the world. #StandwithIsrael
                     #FreeEdan #BringThemHomeNow
    10/04/24        At first glance, today's jobs  https://www.linkedin.com/
                     report numbers look rosy,      feed/
                     but there's a lot more going  update/urn:li:share:
                     on under the hood. Let's      7248034487542906880
                     break it down:
                     9,000 transportation and
                     warehousing jobs were lost
                     last month.  Another
                     7,000 manufacturing jobs
                     disappeared, continuing the
                     trend of these jobs going
                     overseas due to anti-
                     business policies in the US.
                      The number of long-
                     term unemployed Americans
                     shot up by 97,000.
                     Hardworking Americans are
                     struggling to find jobs, and
                     it's not getting easier.
                     According to MarketWatch,
                     two-thirds of Americans
                     report living paycheck to
                     paycheck. This is not an
                     America with a thriving
                     workforce. We need to stem
                     the flow of jobs leaving the
                     country and take better care
                     of our workers. Our citizens
                     deserve a chance to thrive--
                     not struggle to survive.
    10/01/24        President Donald Trump's Op-   https://www.linkedin,com/
                     Ed in Newsweek today is a      feed/
                     strong, clear statement on    update/urn:li:share:
                     how he will end the gutting   7246960927017725952
                     of our American
                     manufacturing, mining, and
                     drilling workforce and bring
                     back these jobs to America.
                     His plans are pro our
                     American workers. We will
                     deliver his vison and
                     rebuild America into an
                     industrial and manufacturing
                     powerhouse.
    09/27/24        Yesterday, I told Maria        https://www.linkedin.com/
                     Bartiromo that Bitcoin is a    feed/
                     commodity. When you truly     update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                     understand Bitcoin, it's      7245448713966358528
                     hard to see it any other
                     way.
    09/18/24        As I predicted in December     https://www.linkedin.com/
                     2023 and again in January      feed/
                     2024, the Fed started         update/urn:li:share:
                     cutting rates today. 50       7242235618859130880
                     basis points is a big red
                     flag. Remember the Fed has
                     much more timely economic
                     data than the rest of us.
                     This means our economy is in
                     much worse shape than we all
                     thought. This is a bad sign
                     for the economy heading into
                     November.
    09/16/24        President Donald Trump's       https://www.linkedin.com/
                     policies will set the United   feed/
                     States on the path to         update/urn:li:share:
                     financial success. His        7241458171045646337
                     leadership on tax rates,
                     which will drive businesses
                     to invest in America,
                     tariffs, which will protect
                     American jobs and reduce our
                     deficit, and fundamental
                     reductions in regulation to
                     unleash American ingenuity,
                     are desperately needed to
                     keep our markets healthy and
                     our country growing. Watch
                     me explain his plan on CNBC.
    09/13/24        Rosanna Scotto and Good Day    https://www.linkedin.com/
                     New York joined us at BGC      feed/
                     Group for a first-hand look   update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                     at what we accomplish         7240433032430514176
                     together during the Cantor
                     Fitzgerald Relief Fund's
                     Charity Day. I am proud of
                     the work that we continue to
                     do in memory of our 658
                     Cantor Fitzgerald and 61
                     Euro Brokers colleagues who
                     were killed on 9/11.
                     #CFCharityDay
    09/13/24        This week Cantor Fitzgerald    https://www.linkedin.com/
                     and BGC Group raised           feed/
                     millions for charity and      update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                     honored the Cantor            7240344100506406914
                     Fitzgerald employees who
                     were killed on 9/11. I went
                     on Fox Business Network with
                     Liz Claman to talk about
                     Charity Day and what we need
                     to do to make sure our
                     country never faces a
                     tragedy like 9/11 again.
    09/12/24        What happened to Cantor        https://www.linkedin.com/
                     Fitzgerald on 9/11 should      feed/
                     never be allowed to happen    update/urn:li:share:
                     again. Watch my full          7239839011375108096
                     interview on Bloomberg
                     Television with Sonali Basak
                     today, where we talk about
                     our Charity Day, Trump's
                     policies--including national
                     security--and a huge
                     announcement on our upcoming
                     FMX Futures Exchange launch.
    09/03/24        Over the last five years,      https://www.linkedin.com/
                     Bitcoin has been an outsider   feed/
                     to the tradfi community, and  update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                     it's only now dipping its     7236846545642340356
                     toe into global finance.
                     Cantor will help tradfi
                     bring Bitcoin all the way
                     in. Tradfi wants new asset
                     classes, and BTC is here to
                     stay.
    08/23/24        Speculation about where the    https://www.linkedin.com/
                     Fed is going with rates is     feed/
                     all over the place, but I'm   update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                     sticking with the call I've   7232731338712182784
                     been making all year. One
                     cut. It'll come in September
                     just to show off before the
                     election.
    08/21/24        One of America's greatest      https://www.linkedin.com/
                     strengths is that the dollar   feed/
                     is everywhere--circulating    update/urn:li:share:
                     globally, being used as the   7232107867661557761
                     world's reserve currency.
                     Tether.io has taken that to
                     the next level by putting
                     USDT, the digital dollar,
                     into the hands of people in
                     emerging markets across the
                     world. Since USDT is backed
                     by tens of billions of U.S.
                     Treasuries, the 300 million
                     USDT wallet holders around
                     the world are helping
                     finance our debt. Bloomberg
                     News, Liz Capo McCormick
    08/09/24        I had the pleasure of hosting  https://www.linkedin.com/
                     President Trump at my home     feed/
                     last week, surrounded by 130  update/urn:li:share:
                     supporters who share his      7227689539807391746
                     vision for America. During
                     the evening, he answered
                     questions and spoke on the
                     key topics impacting our
                     country and the world at
                     large. I believe his
                     policies will be critical in
                     ensuring American businesses
                     remain successful and our
                     role on the world stage
                     remains strong. I'm proud
                     together we raised $15
                     million.
    07/31/24        I was honored to speak at      https://www.linkedin.com/
                     Bitcoin Nashville, alongside   feed/
                     my good friends, Former       update/urn:li:share:
                     President Donald Trump,       7224502473892192257
                     Vivek Ramaswamy, and Chris
                     Pavlovski. I believe in a
                     future where Bitcoin trades
                     freely around the world. And
                     we are going to do
                     everything in our power to
                     make it so that Bitcoin does
                     just that--without exception
                     and without limitation.
                     Cantor Fitzgerald is a
                     powerhouse group of
                     companies that specializes
                     in advising miners, power,
                     and data center businesses.
                     And now, we're launching a
                     new Bitcoin Financing
                     business with $2B to start--
                     it will be a game changer.
                     If you're in the digital
                     space, we're here for you.
    07/23/24        I'm seeing a lot to like in    https://www.linkedin.com/
                     the next few months First,     feed/
                     what would a new              update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                     administration mean for the   7221634961307508737
                     markets? The current stock
                     market is doing pretty well,
                     but it's being driven
                     largely by the seven largest
                     tech firms. Republicans like
                     lower corporate tax rates
                     and less regulation, so a
                     Trump presidency will lower
                     those tax rates and bring
                     back business to the US.
                     Then, you'll see small caps
                     rally and drive the market
                     higher. That opens up a lot
                     of opportunities for M&A,
                     and that's where Cantor
                     Fitzgerald excels. Next, the
                     commercial real estate
                     landscape is going to
                     generate a massive amount of
                     opportunity, and Newmark is
                     going to come out on top.
                     For the last 14 years, we've
                     seen interest rates at 0
                     percent. Real estate is a
                     breathing bond, and interest
                     rates coming back in the
                     last couple of years are
                     crushing inflated real
                     estate values. A quarter-
                     percent cut in September
                     isn't going to make a bit of
                     difference. Banks aren't
                     going to lend those numbers,
                     so our business, which is
                     financing, leasing, and
                     selling buildings, is going
                     to be on fire. Everybody
                     needs money to refinance,
                     and we're the ones who can
                     find it. And maybe the most
                     fun part--we're going to
                     shake up the futures market.
                     BGC Group is the exchange
                     for everything that doesn't
                     trade on an exchange. When I
                     tell people that they ask,
                     ``Then why don't you create
                     an exchange?'' So, we did.
                     And it's coming. The FMX
                     Futures Exchange is going to
                     take on a perfect monopoly--
                     the CME. Every piece of the
                     puzzle is set. Every
                     regulatory approval. Ten of
                     the largest trading firms in
                     the world as our partners.
                     Cross margining and clearing
                     through LCH. It's going to
                     be great. Thanks CNBC, Sara
                     Eisen, and Carl Quintanilla
                     for having me on.
    06/13/24        Not surprised by the Fed's     https://www.linkedin.com/
                     decision this week--I've       feed/
                     been saying this all year.    update/urn:li:share:
                     Even with inflation numbers   7207117336007356416
                     coming in better than
                     expected, there was only
                     ever going to be one cut
                     this year. Likely September.
    05/31/24        Here's something I'm keeping   https://www.linkedin.com/
                     an eye on. Biden has a         feed/
                     resolution from Congress on   update/urn:li:share:
                     his desk (one of the few      7202341718300475392
                     bipartisan wins) that
                     overturns the SEC's SAB 121,
                     which Congress realized is
                     ridiculous. SAB 121 forces
                     banks to record digital
                     assets on their balance
                     sheets, unlike other client
                     assets. The admin said Biden
                     wants to veto the
                     resolution--he has until
                     Monday to make the call. SAB
                     121 keeps banks out of the
                     digital asset custody and
                     clearing business. Why? We
                     need to encourage, not
                     discourage, traditional
                     finance in the digital
                     world. Last week's green
                     light from the SEC for the
                     ETH ETF was correct. Let's
                     hope they get this right
                     too.
    05/02/24        In December and January, I     https://www.linkedin.com/
                     went on CNBC, Bloomberg, and   feed/
                     CNN and made my rates call--  update/urn:li:ugcPost:
                     they are going nowhere.       7191817013982302208
                     Steady Eddie. The Fed made
                     that clear yesterday. I'm
                     thinking just one cut in
                     September ahead of the
                     election, just to show off,
                     but steady until then.
                     That's the call I made on
                     CNBC Overtime yesterday.
                     High rates for longer has
                     real consequences. The
                     commercial real estate
                     market has $1 trillion of
                     mortgages coming due this
                     year, $500 billion in 2025,
                     and another in 2026--1/3
                     will default, 1/3 need to
                     find new lenders, and 1/3
                     need help recapitalizing.
                     This is where Newmark shines
                     and we project huge growth
                     in 2026 based on these macro
                     fundamentals. We wrapped up
                     our conversation with BGC
                     Group's exciting news--we're
                     partnering with 10 of the
                     best investment banks and
                     market marking firms to take
                     on the CME. The FMX Futures
                     Exchange launches in
                     September! Let's go!!
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

                             Annex I (Social Media)
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Platform Name                Handle                   Link
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    X                        @howardlutnick           https://x.com/
                                                       howardlutnick
    Truth Social             @howardlutnick           https://
                                                       truthsocial.com/
                                                       @howardlutnick
    LinkedIn                 Howard Lutnick           https://
                                                       www.linkedin.com/in/
                                                       howardwlutnick/
    Instagram                @howardlutnick           https://
                                                       www.instagram.com/
                                                       howardlutnick/
    YouTube                  @howardw.lutnick         https://
                                                       www.youtube.com/
                                                       @howardw.lutnick
    Facebook                 Howard Lutnick           https://
                                                       www.facebook.com/
                                                       lutnick
    Rumble                   @HowardLutnick           https://rumble.com/c/
                                                       HowardLutnick
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

        The Chairman. Thank you very much, Mr. Lutnick. Thank you
    for that heartfelt opening statement. Your background is very
    impressive. Not only have you led several companies, which are
    global leaders in financial services, real estate, and
    brokerage, you rebuilt Cantor Fitzgerald in the wake of the
    unspeakable tragedy of 9/11. I appreciate your willingness now
    to serve your nation.
        Let me start with just a general question. Why do you want
    to be the Secretary of Commerce?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think America is in a place to teach the
    world and to show the world what leadership is like, what a
    great economy is like, what taking care of its Americans is
    like. And to be part of that Administration, be part of this
    historic Trump administration, is one of the great honors of my
    life. So I am just looking forward to being a part of this
    Administration, to play my part in helping drive our economy's
    growth and driving the support and dedication to our American
    people.
        The Chairman. So in your business career you have been very
    successful. You have made a lot of money. You have told this
    committee, in your questionnaire, that you plan to divest your
    business interests in accordance with Federal laws and
    regulations to avoid any conflict of interest. Can you explain
    what your plan is regarding your business interests and whether
    you will consult with the designated agency ethics officials?
        Mr. Lutnick. So my plan is to only serve the American
    people, so I will divest, meaning I will sell all of my
    interests, all of my business interests, all of my assets,
    everything. I have worked together with the Office of
    Government Ethics, and we have reached agreement on how to do
    that, and I will be divesting within 90 days, upon my
    confirmation. So I should have no business interests,
    therefore, no conflicts of interest.
        I made the decision that I have made enough money in my
    life. I can take care of myself. I can take care of my family.
    It is now my chance to serve the American people. So upon
    confirmation, my businesses will be for sale, and someone else
    will lead them, going forward. But the Office of Government
    Ethics and I have reached agreement, we have signed the
    document, I have made it public, and going forward I will
    always consult--the Commerce Department has a great Ethics
    Department. I have already met with them, and I plan to stay in
    close contact with them and avoid all conflicts so I can just
    serve America.
        The Chairman. Thank you for that. Let's move to one of the
    important responsibilities you will have as Secretary of
    Commerce. The National Telecommunication and Information
    Administration, NTIA, is the lead agency for managing Federal
    Government spectrum, including critical mid-band spectrum. Over
    the past several years, Majority Leader Thune, Senator
    Blackburn, and I have all worked closely on a bill that would
    require NTIA to identify Federal spectrum that can be more
    efficiently used, freeing up some of that spectrum for
    commercial users.
        To dominate in next-generation wireless technologies, 5G
    and 6G, to stay ahead of our adversaries, and to advance strong
    economic growth, the U.S. must create a pipeline to expand
    commercial access to mid-band spectrum.
        Will you commit to working closely with myself, other
    members of this committee, on solutions that will expand
    commercial sector access to this key spectrum while, at the
    same time, protecting U.S. national security interests?
        Mr. Lutnick. You have got to ask me a tougher question than
    that. Absolutely, yes.
        The Chairman. So tell this committee, in your judgment--all
    right, let's try not a tougher one, but a natural follow up.
    Why is freeing up more commercial spectrum important? Why
    should the American people care that we get this accomplished?
        Mr. Lutnick. So we start by the NTIA is sort of the
    coordinator and the advisor to the Administration on spectrum.
    There are enormous amounts of spectrum held by the Department
    of Defense, right, and for our country to really reach the
    scale that it can be for it to be successful we need to be the
    leader in the world of 5G and 6G. So we have got to work
    closely with the Department of Defense, as you said. We have
    got to make sure, of course, to protect ourselves. But with all
    due respect, if I am going to be your Secretary of Commerce, I
    kind of lean toward commerce. So I would like to try to help us
    drive some of that spectrum toward our businesses, to free us
    to be the leader in spectrum in the world.
        The Chairman. Well, thank you. I look forward to working
    with you on that.
        Let's turn to NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
    Administration. Last year, an activist judge in Maryland
    vacated NOAA's existing biological opinion for the then-Gulf of
    Mexico. I would note that President Trump has renamed the Gulf.
    I have to say, I am partial to calling it the Gulf of Texas,
    but everyone can have their own opinion on that matter.
        NOAA must now file a new biological opinion on offshore
    work in the Gulf by May 21. NOAA is notoriously slow moving on
    these biological opinions, and if it fails to get this one done
    on time, it could shut down oil and gas operations in the Gulf.
    Can you commit to hold NOAA's feet to the fire to make sure
    that it meets the May 21 deadline for reissuing this biological
    opinion?
        Mr. Lutnick. I will work hard to make sure they meet that
    deadline, and we do our job on time, rigorously and
    thoughtfully, and we will, if I have anything to do with it to
    get it in.
        The Chairman. And can you further commit that you will do
    everything to ensure that NOAA does not actively hamper energy
    production in the Gulf such as by implementing unverified and
    unsafe vessel speed restrictions?
        Mr. Lutnick. I can commit to that. I do not understand. I
    will study, of course, the work of NOAA, but the speed
    restrictions seem illogical to our fishermen and to our
    businesses, so they need to be studied. But you have to take
    care of Americans as well. How about we put that at the top of
    the list? Let's take care of Americans.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Ranking Member Cantwell.
        Senator Cantwell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and again, Mr.
    Lutnick, thank you for your symbol of resiliency. It really is
    quite remarkable. Thank you for sharing even those most
    personal moments because I am sure it is hard to do no matter
    how many times you have done it, so thank you.
        I want to go as fast as I can, so if you can help me by
    being short answers, that would be great. I could cover more
    territory. Do you believe that the investments that we have
    made in the CHIPS and Science Act should be preserved?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think they are an excellent downpayment. As
    a structure, I think we need to get it right. I think we need
    to review them and get it right. But as the way the Congress
    has set it, it is an excellent downpayment in our ability to
    bring semiconductor manufacturing back to America.
        Senator Cantwell. OK. It is good to hear because the
    President has said a little differently on that point, so good
    to hear. And then on NOAA, do you believe in keeping NOAA
    together and its responsibilities together?
        Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
        Senator Cantwell. OK. We are hearing that maybe they are
    going to try to separate some of it out and put it in Interior.
    You would fight that?
        Mr. Lutnick. I want to do it right, and right now, Commerce
    is doing it right. We understand how to do it, and I expect to
    continue to understand how to do it. So I have no interest in
    separating it. That is not on my agenda.
        Senator Cantwell. Good to hear. I believe we need a NOAA
    Organic Act. Believe it or not, it is 60 percent of your
    budget, and there is no underlying policy in the law about
    NOAA. So to me, I think the way that my colleagues and I get
    good fisheries management is to put that into the law and say
    it is demanded, not what the whim of every scientist that comes
    along with a new administration, but we will talk about that
    later.
        OK. Let's turn to the rulemaking that we are talking about.
    ICU is a big rulemaker in a critical area, AI and exports, and
    the challenges that we face as a nation. So I am trying to get
    to who you are deep down about this, right, how are you going
    to go about this really challenging task, because I have some
    ideas about what I think make good principles here and why it
    is so important. Because if you want to move fast, you have to
    be collaborative. I know other people think you can just my way
    or the highway, but usually, that does not work. And so the
    ramifications, the best thing that we can do is work together
    collaboratively like we did on CHIPS and Science.
        OK, so did you advise the President or anyone in his
    Administration on his meme coins?
        Mr. Lutnick. I did not.
        Senator Cantwell. OK. Can you help me on this treasury
    issue, this little fight between Cantor Fitzgerald and CME, the
    settling of treasuries at the London Exchange. I do not
    understand this as it relates to a hierarchy of putting the
    United States treasuries in some drastic situation which we did
    not see before, right, on our debt, and the debt ceiling is
    this debate we are having. Are we going to pass the debt
    ceiling or not? So why do you believe that settling in a London
    Exchange would be good for U.S. treasuries?
        Mr. Lutnick. It was just the people speaking about it did
    not understand it. All U.S. treasuries are held by banks of the
    Federal Reserve in the United States of America. They cannot
    leave. So where the software was written, wherever it is
    written, the treasuries themselves, they always stay in
    America, the settling of treasury futures, of course, is in
    America. The partner Cantor Fitzgerald chose was the London
    Stock Exchange, which, of course, has been registered with the
    CME properly since the year 2000. So it was just a lack of
    understanding, good for the press, bad for knowledge. They just
    got it wrong.
        Senator Cantwell. I personally do not think this is--look,
    somebody tried to make my state the deep pockets on an Enron
    default, and I did not appreciate it, and I passed a new law
    against the manipulation. So I know this very well. In fact,
    the Treasury Secretary just got asked by my colleague, Senator
    Cornyn, in a hearing last week what he thought about this. And
    he was like, ``No. It shouldn't be ever.'' U.S. treasuries in a
    debt hierarchy of a failure should never have London making
    decisions before we make decisions. And so I will ask you more
    for the record about that. But I think Mr. Bessent got it
    right, and I hope that we can get a better answer from you.
        On the one-to-one issue, I get that Tether had a problem,
    they basically were not. As a stablecoin exchange, you came in,
    the CFTC fined them, and then you came into the picture. And so
    my question is are you prepared, do you think the market needs
    to comply with audits about whether one-to-one ratios really
    exist on stablecoins?
        Mr. Lutnick. I believe stablecoins, U.S. dollar
    stablecoins, should be audited, should be completely backed by
    U.S. treasuries, 100 percent.
        Senator Cantwell. But how do we prove that if necessary, is
    my question?
        Mr. Lutnick. Well, an audit, U.S. audit and one-to-one
    backed by U.S. treasuries, and last, you cannot change the
    rules, meaning if someone has bought the stablecoin, you cannot
    change the price. If someone has made a deposit with you, you
    cannot say I am going to withdraw, you are going to change the
    price.
        Senator Cantwell. So you really believe in a robust audit
    process and more opening than it exists today?
        Mr. Lutnick. For sure.
        Senator Cantwell. Thank you. OK. Did you ever own Tether?
        Mr. Lutnick. A Tether? No.
        Senator Cantwell. Any Tether, any backdoor. Did you own
    Tether?
        Mr. Lutnick. Cantor Fitzgerald, if you are asking for me,
    no. Cantor Fitzgerald has no equity in Tether.
        Senator Cantwell. I am not trying to be clever here. I am
    trying to get did you or Cantor Fitzgerald own Tether other
    than the one-to-one backing?
        Mr. Lutnick. Sorry. I am trying to answer, so----
        Senator Cantwell. Did you as an investor ever invest or own
    Tether, or did anybody at Cantor Fitzgerald other than the one-
    to-one backing own Tether?
        Mr. Lutnick. Cantor Fitzgerald owns a convertible bond with
    Tether, so is has a bond with Tether.
        Senator Cantwell. OK. So now this back again to this big
    task on export controls and thwarting China and dealing with
    this AI problem and all the various interests, I mean, I do
    have some concerns too. I am a big crypto person in general, as
    I said, CFTC oversight, but this issue about Tether and the
    amount of illicit market funding of Tether, the analysts who do
    this work now--I am for a more robust system--but the analysts
    who do it now think there is as much as $19 billion on Tether
    could be illicit activity by the North Koreans, the Russians,
    the Chinese. And so what do we do about that? What is your
    solution?
        Mr. Lutnick. So the number one instrument of the world of
    criminals is the U.S. dollar. The number two is the Euro. So
    these are just the things that people use. So Tether is the
    largest stablecoin, so criminals use it more than Circle, which
    is the second largest, has a ratio of the same. It is like
    blaming Apple because criminals use Apple phones. It is just a
    product. We do not pick on the U.S. treasury because criminals
    use dollars.
        So I think it is just a product. They are, and I have asked
    them to and they are, signed up with all U.S. Federal law
    enforcement. They follow all Federal law enforcement instantly.
        Senator Cantwell. So that is like saying that if you get a
    request from the FBI or DOJ, you are going to comply with maybe
    that wallet is doing, involved in illicit activity. I am asking
    you a different question. When you have Know Your Customers and
    any money laundering requirements, why aren't we taking more
    seriously a potential $19 billion illicit market that is going
    against the United States?
        So obviously, we have other ways to track dollars, and we
    use those, and that is how we are successful. We have passed a
    couple of things recently on fentanyl that have really helped
    us track and basically crack down on this. But on Tether, it is
    a big illicit market, potentially $19 billion, so I am wanting
    to know from you, because again, it is back to this whole
    crypto oversight, export controls, what are you going to do?
    What do you recommend we do to try to get a handle on that?
        Mr. Lutnick. So in my due diligence and Cantor Fitzgerald's
    due diligence, Tether did no business with anyone who was not
    KYC appropriate. The fact that at some point, their product was
    bought by someone and used it inappropriately, I think it is
    important for us----
        Senator Cantwell. Do you think secondary markets need rules
    here?
        Mr. Lutnick. Oh, it is entirely secondary market, but I
    think what we can do----
        Senator Cantwell. So secondary markets need rules. Chairman
    is going to cut me off, I am over my time, so thank you. But
    could you just answer that? You can answer it for the record or
    you can answer it now.
        Mr. Lutnick. I think AI tools used by the U.S. Government
    running through the blockchain of stablecoin issuers will rid
    the world of criminals using blockchain for illicit activity.
    Our ability to oversee that blockchain and rip through it with
    AI tools will eliminate it.
        Senator Cantwell. Thank you for that answer, and we will
    follow up. But we need an aggressive--the complexity here on
    conflict of interest, not you per se but in general, is a very
    big challenge here. So thank you so much, Mr. Chairman.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Leader Thune.
        Senator Thune. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And I think we have
    covered already the issue of spectrum, but we look forward to
    working with you on that. That is a critically important issue
    for our economy and our leadership in the world.
        I want to come back quickly to the NTIA Broadband Equity
    Access and Deployment Program. I did not vote for the
    legislation that created this program, but it provided over $42
    billion to expand Internet access to rural areas. And as you
    likely know, the program is yet to connect a single household.
    And the Biden administration included a number of requirements
    not envisioned by Congress in the program including climate
    change mandates, rate regulation, onerous labor requirements,
    and other concerning items, which is why they have not signed
    anybody up. And there is not a single telecom in South Dakota
    which represents and serves a lot of underserved areas that can
    use the program because of all these mandates and conditions
    they put on it.
        So my question is, will you commit to working with states
    to remove these requirements so that funds can go to truly
    unserved areas?
        Mr. Lutnick. I am going to work to make sure that Congress
    gets the benefit of the bargain. You want to get broadband into
    the hands of low income people, let's go do it. But let's do it
    efficiently and let's do it swiftly. Let's use satellites,
    let's use wireless, and let's use fiber. And let's do it the
    cheapest, most efficiently we can, and I commit to working with
    you to make sure the states execute and deliver on the promise
    that Congress has made.
        Senator Thune. And will you also work to ensure that this
    BEAD funding is only used for actual broadband infrastructure
    builds?
        Mr. Lutnick. Absolutely.
        Senator Thune. Well, thank you. I also mentioned, and you
    have talked about it already, alluded to artificial
    intelligence, but I believe we need to craft a legislative
    framework that provides basic accountability for high-risk AI
    models without onerous regulations. And as you and I know, the
    Biden administration only viewed AI as a threat that should be
    controlled. And I was encouraged to see President Trump's
    executive order reversing Biden's sweeping AI executive order
    and for his leadership in developing a comprehensive pro-
    innovation AI plan that strengthens U.S. global leadership in
    AI.
        So I want to just get you, if you can, to talk generally,
    if confirmed, how you would approach AI regulation and to
    harness major advancements in artificial intelligence?
        Mr. Lutnick. So the Department of Commerce has led the
    world in cyber. Our cyber technology and cyber rules are the
    gold standard of the world. Let's leverage that model into the
    standards for artificial intelligence. Let's use what we are
    great at and leverage that again and use it again.
        So rather than think about it, we want to make sure we
    protect and defend our country, but we want to make sure that
    we lead. It has to be an American-driven leadership in AI. It
    is fundamental. So leverage what we are great at, and issue
    standards and practices like we did in cyber that will
    encourage private sector to be the dominant winner, as we are
    in America, we have got to do that and make sure we win in AI
    as well.
        Senator Thune. And I just think it is really important is
    we think about it that we do not stifle innovation. We want to
    be the leader. A light touch approach to this is what makes
    sense to me, and I hope as we move forward and Senator
    Klobuchar and I and others on this committee have a bill that
    we think gets at that, and I hope that we have an opportunity
    to work. This is one of those issues that ought to be
    bipartisan up here, I certainly think.
        I have a minute left, and I am yielding it back, Mr.
    Chairman because Senator Wicker reminded me that I have used a
    minute prior to my question time. He said three minutes, it was
    not really three minutes, but----
        Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Klobuchar.

                   STATEMENT OF HON. AMY KLOBUCHAR,
                      U.S. SENATOR FROM MINNESOTA

        Senator Klobuchar. This is why Senator Thune is the leader.
    We like that.
        Welcome. Thank you. We talked in my office about how I
    truly believe that if we are going to lead the global economy,
    and I know you share this belief, that we must make stuff,
    invent things, export to the world. And we made huge bipartisan
    progress on that front. Not everything has been done, we all
    know that, and we want to continue America's lead and
    competitive edge.
        One way we have done that, and Senator Cantwell asked you
    about this, is by groundbreaking investments in chips and
    semiconductors. Despite being the Land of 10,000 Lakes, I have
    actually never called about fish to the Commerce Department.
    But I have talked about these issues.
        So I just want to follow up on her question and just that
    Secretary Raimondo has done admirable work, I think, for both
    sides of the aisle on this and if you are going to continue to
    operate the CHIPS program?
        Mr. Lutnick. It is vital for America that we bring
    semiconductor manufacturing to the United States of America. We
    need domestic manufacturing. The CHIPS Act was an excellent
    down payment to begin that process. We need to study it. But we
    need to make sure that you get the benefit of the bargain, and
    domestic manufacturing of semiconductors happens in America.
        Senator Klobuchar. Got it. But are you going to keep
    operating this, because as the Senator mentioned, there are
    funds that have to be distributed, there is work that has to be
    done coming out of that law?
        Mr. Lutnick. Oh, I expect to do enormous work to make sure
    you get the benefit of the bargain, we get the money out
    appropriately, correctly, and we build in America. That is
    vital. You have done it bipartisan, and I am going to help
    execute that.
        Senator Klobuchar. So were you concerned about the freeze
    that happened, the proposed freeze would have affected that
    program. It is now on hold, temporary hold, because of a judge.
    But are you concerned about that?
        Mr. Lutnick. Well, you let me have the time to, A, be
    confirmed, and B, dig in and study all of the documents that we
    have done so I can help get it out the door and get it done. We
    need manufacturing, I agree, we need manufacturing
    semiconductors in America, and I am going to do everything I
    can to make that happen.
        Senator Klobuchar. Great. Your life story is incredible,
    your motivation of your employees after this incredible
    tragedy. You and I talked about the Commerce Department. And
    some of the people that went to work there went for other
    reasons than your employees. They are not making as much money.
    And I personally have worked with the people who do trade
    enforcement for steel dumping. Both Vice President Vance and I
    share mines, and we care about this a lot, iron ore mines. And
    it made a big difference over two Presidents' administrations,
    when this enforcement--President Obama, Trump, Biden--actually
    was continued. And I met with who will be your employees if
    confirmed about this, 100 of them, and heard about the work
    that they did.
        How are you going to motivate those employees, because I
    think they are feeling very much under pressure, and some of
    them have expertise that if they leave, it is going to be
    really hard just to hire someone because they are not going to
    make as much money in the government as they might somewhere
    else.
        Mr. Lutnick. I think the members of the Commerce Department
    are extraordinary. We have extraordinary scientists,
    extraordinary people with deep intellect and deep knowledge.
    And my job is going to be to leverage them, to make them feel
    heard, and we are going to be responsive. And we will create a
    great, a great Department of Commerce that the people feel
    respected, heard, and their knowledge used to the betterment of
    America, which is why they are there, and they are going to
    know that I support them.
        Senator Klobuchar. Thank you. We talked about tariffs
    briefly, targeted or across the board. I gave you my preference
    toward targeted tariffs for our economy. Weigh in on that.
        Mr. Lutnick. I prefer across the board. I think when you
    pick one product in Mexico, they will pick one product. We pick
    avocados, they pick white corn. We pick tomatoes, they pick
    yellow corn. All you are doing is picking on farmers, which is
    just not going to happen. My way of thinking, and I discussed
    this with the President, is country by country, macro. Let
    America make it more fair. We are treated horribly by the
    global trading environment. They all have higher tariffs, non-
    tariff trade barriers and subsidies. They treat us poorly. We
    need to be treated better. We need to be treated with respect.
    We can use tariffs to create reciprocity, fairness, and
    respect.
        Senator Klobuchar. I am sure we will be discussing this
    more. The last thing, just the broadband funding in the
    Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. All of us in this committee have
    worked on things like improving mapping. Senator Wicker and I--
    --
        Senator Wicker. Thank you.
        Senator Klobuchar.--worked on that. You are welcome. And
    the work that must be done on getting broadband to some of the
    farthest corners of our country. We have an investment, once-
    in-a-generation investment out of the Bipartisan Infrastructure
    Law. And again, the freeze would have affected this work,
    temporarily on hold. Talk about your support for broadband.
        Mr. Lutnick. Well, you passed the bill and they have not
    put out any of the money, or nobody has gotten broadband. So it
    is time for a new Commerce Secretary to get broadband out to
    people and give you the benefit of the bargain. I want to give
    the Congress the benefit of the bargain, which is you
    appropriated money for broadband. Let's get it in their hands,
    and let's do it. The pause just gives me time to, A, be
    confirmed, and B, to study it, get the team working on it, and
    then when that pause ends, to get it out the door, and get it
    done.
        Senator Klobuchar. I am out of time. Thanks.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Wicker.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. ROGER WICKER,
                     U.S. SENATOR FROM MISSISSIPPI

        Senator Wicker. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Mr.
    Lutnick, I look forward to working with you. I think this is,
    it is going to be fun and productive for the American people.
        The Leader was correct. Some members of this committee
    voted for the Infrastructure Act, and some of us did not, and
    it was bipartisan. But I think we all agree that broadband is
    one of the infrastructure issues of our time. It is really the
    rural electrification issue of this century. Do you agree with
    that?
        Mr. Lutnick. It is vital to America.
        Senator Wicker. Absolutely vital. And I would just point
    out that, because we talked about it a lot, that not one single
    household has been connected. I am told that that there has
    been an endless round of back-and-forth negotiations about the
    application process. It seems to me that a man like you is
    going to be able to cut through that, at least tell the states,
    ``Yes, your application, we know what that is about, and we are
    going to respond to your application.''
        Mr. Lutnick. I expect the states to provide the most
    efficient way, the most cost-efficient and effective way to get
    broadband to every house. I heard a story where they were
    planning to run fiber for $200,000 to a house that was worth
    $125,000. The waste of America is over in the Commerce
    Department.
        Senator Wicker. Good.
        Mr. Lutnick. We are going to get broadband to people, but
    we are going to do it cost effectively, but get it. Get you the
    benefit of the bargain.
        Senator Wicker. Two more things, if I can squeeze in. I am
    glad we mentioned NOAA. NOAA, the National Data Buoy Center is
    at the John C. Stennis Space Center in Mississippi. It is the
    national premier rocket propulsion facility. In the next few
    months, will you come see us and let me show you the great
    potential we have there at the Stennis Space Center?
        Mr. Lutnick. That sounds fun. Glad to.
        Senator Wicker. OK, very good. So let's say by April.
        Mr. Lutnick. Give me until May, shall you?
        Senator Wicker. OK, all right. Good. We got a deal. OK.
        Also, in addition to infrastructure, the CHIPS and Science
    Act has been mentioned favorably. Let me mention the CHIPS and
    Science Act as it connects with this Fiscal Year's NDAA. One of
    the things we did with the CHIPS and Science Act was 220, well,
    actually, $10 billion authorized for 20 regional tech hubs. The
    first round has largely been approved.
        In NDAA, we funded $220 million--it was authorized for $10
    billion--$220 million for tech hubs and the potential for
    another $280 million for a second round.
        At this point, I understand your department has a choice.
    It can either double up on those that have already been awarded
    or it can try to drive regional growth and global
    competitiveness by looking at other applications. That is what
    I hope you will do.
        I just want you to understand that there are a lot of us
    who want you to work with Congress to maintain and grow the
    Tech Hubs Program, particularly in rural areas. And I would
    suggest that the Southeast did not do so well in the first
    application. So will you agree to take a closer look at assets
    in the Southeast region, include biotech companies, logistical
    expertise, academic research, national labs, entrepreneurs, as
    well as workforce within areas that are already collaborating
    to deliver biotechnologies that meet commercial needs faster?
        Mr. Lutnick. I would be happy to.
        Senator Wicker. Good. Thank you very much. I look forward
    to working with you.
        Mr. Lutnick. Thank you.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Schatz.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. BRIAN SCHATZ,
                        U.S. SENATOR FROM HAWAII

        Senator Schatz. It is so weird hearing everyone is done
    before their 5 minutes is up. Mr. Lutnick, thank you for taking
    the time. Thank you for your willingness to serve and for your
    family's willingness to support you in this endeavor.
        I want to start with the census. The work of the Census
    Bureau, as you know, is critical to the functioning of our
    democracy. It is included in our Constitution. Both Article
    One, Section Two and the Fourteenth Amendment require the
    Federal Government to conduct an accurate census. The
    Fourteenth Amendment specifically requires a count of the whole
    number of persons in each state. So not a trick question, but
    just to get you on the record, if confirmed, will you ensure
    that the work of the Census Bureau is carried out in an
    apolitical manner?
        Mr. Lutnick. I will adhere to the Fourteenth Amendment of
    the United States Constitution rigorously.
        Senator Schatz. Thank you. And will you make sure that the
    Bureau prepares to implement a census that counts every person?
        Mr. Lutnick. Since the first sentence of the Fourteenth
    Amendment that clause says we will count each whole person, I
    promise you, we will count each whole person.
        Senator Schatz. Thank you.
        Mr. Lutnick. That is what the Constitution says, and we
    will stick right to it rigorously.
        Senator Schatz. Thank you. I know this has been a bit of a
    love fest, so----
        Mr. Lutnick. Oh, stick to it.
        [Laughter.]
        Senator Schatz. Well, depends how you answer, sir.
        Mr. Lutnick. Fair enough.
        Senator Schatz. Let me quote something from last year,
    there was a sort of point of contention among people who care
    deeply about NOAA, from Project 2025, and I will quote, ``NOAA
    should be dismantled, and many of its functions eliminated,
    sent to other agencies, privatized, or placed under the control
    of states and territories.'' Do you agree with that?
        Mr. Lutnick. No.
        Senator Schatz. Thank you. We are still having our love
    fest.
        Mr. Lutnick. Still the love fest.
        Senator Schatz. On to fish. I want to talk to you. I want
    to talk to you about the Hawaii longline fishery. We are one of
    the largest food producers in the state. We are certainly the
    largest exporter of any kind of agricultural product in the
    state. In fact, if you are eating good ahi on the East Coast,
    there is a very good chance it was on a FedEx plane overnight.
    If you are eating bad ahi, I do not know where it comes from,
    but not from us.
        We also have an unusual management situation because of an
    international Fisheries Commission. Western and Central Pacific
    Fisheries Commission is also important to NOAA.
        I want to quote the former Senator from Maryland who took a
    very keen interest in NOAA, Barbara Mikulski. She used to say,
    ``Nothing about me, without me.'' And I think this probably
    goes for the Gulf Coast states and the Mid-Atlantic and
    everybody else who has a fisheries matter.
        Do I have your assurance that before NOAA, National Marine
    Fisheries, or anyone makes a move regarding our fishery in the
    Pacific, that you will consult with our office and our
    congressional delegation and the state of Hawaii?
        Mr. Lutnick. I would be delighted to consult with your
    office. I do not know about before they even make a move. There
    is lots of people doing lots of things, but of things that
    matter to you, I will happily commit to working with your
    office. It sounds like it will make me better at my job, so I
    would appreciate your input.
        Senator Schatz. Thank you. You know, elections have
    consequences. A bunch of EOs got posted over the last two
    weeks, and a bunch of Biden EOs were repealed. That is what
    happens when you have a new administration. But in particular,
    President Trump rolled back the Biden EO on the AI Safety
    Institute. I think there are a lot of people in industry and
    elsewhere who, whatever, however anyone ended up voting,
    however anyone ended up litigating AI policy under the previous
    administration, there was a sense that this was one place that
    we kind of agreed that there ought to be a Safety Institute. So
    I am wondering what your thinking is, what do we do in place of
    this, and how quickly can we get it done? Because that part of
    this was like one of the very few things we were not arguing
    about, as it relates to AI policy.
        Mr. Lutnick. The Department of Commerce has the gold
    standard in cybersecurity standards. So I think AI standards,
    along the lines of that gold standard, that same model, I think
    will be very effective. So I think if you think of it has
    standards, I think we can get bipartisan agreement that we can
    find the right way to set those standards in a way that makes
    America--you know, it takes care of Senator Thune's comments of
    a light enough touch, but we need to protect America, but we
    also need to make sure that it is an America-driven AI model in
    the world, that is important to us as Americans. So I think
    standards would be a good way to think about it.
        Senator Schatz. I want to dig further into this, and I will
    submit this for the record, but that is fine, and I am not
    attached necessarily to an institute. Sometimes institutes do
    excellent work and sometimes they are ignored. I do think it is
    unclear to me what we are doing instead of the AI Safety
    Institute, and we have got to work on a bipartisan basis to
    figure out what takes its place. Thank you.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Fischer.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. DEB FISCHER,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM NEBRASKA

        Senator Fischer. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and Mr. Lutnick,
    it is very good to see you today. Thank you for your testimony.
    I appreciate everyone who sits at that table and is willing to
    serve this Nation.
        If confirmed, you will lead a massive Federal agency across
    13 bureaus. To start with, I want to highlight one that you
    have already heard of, the NTIA. It has critical influence over
    the U.S. economy and over our security, as well. Among its
    roles, as I know that you know, and as you have heard today,
    NTIA coordinates spectrum management, ensuring that Federal
    airwaves are being used most effectively.
        But as spectrum becomes more scarce, critical Federal
    operations, especially those essential for our national
    security, have been seen as obstacles. At the onset, I want to
    make it clear to you that DoD air waves are not lying dormant,
    and that proposals to clear them would jeopardize our national
    security. We have constellations of DoD satellites that rely on
    spectrum. Our nuclear command and control relies on spectrum.
    Advanced fighter aircraft like F-35s rely on spectrum. We are
    investing tens of billions of dollars in developing sixth-
    generation aircraft that will rely on spectrum. We have radar
    systems on our Navy ships tracking incoming missiles around the
    world. These allowed us to help defend Israel from over 300
    missile and drone attacks last year. They rely on spectrum.
        I can go on and on, as my colleagues know, but this is all
    to say that I hope that we can work together so that we can
    come up with a really strong strategy for Federal spectrum
    management in the future.
        I am from Nebraska, and Nebraska's agricultural and
    manufacturing industries rely on our strong export markets for
    products. You and I talked about trade and about the need under
    this Administration for trade to be front and center. We know
    that we did not see much of that happen in the previous
    administration. We also know, though, sir, that other countries
    may try to retaliate against our agricultural and our
    manufacturing industries. If confirmed, will you work with your
    colleagues at other agencies to understand the impact of
    retaliatory tariffs on agriculture and manufacturing?
        Mr. Lutnick. I will.
        Senator Fischer. Thank you. Can you also talk a little bit
    about what opportunities you view that are out there so that we
    can expand certain export markets over the next 4 years, under
    this Administration?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think our farmers, our ranchers, and our
    fishermen are treated with disrespect.
        Senator Fischer. Always the fish. Always the fish.
        Mr. Lutnick. Always. You have to include them. How often do
    we eat seafood? Come on. They are treated with disrespect
    around the world; they are. Our farmers, our ranchers, and our
    fishermen are treated with disrespect. The countries take
    advantage of American kindness, American gratitude, that we
    used to rebuild the world after the World Wars, and after the
    Korean War and after the Vietnam War. We need that disrespect
    to end.
        I think tariffs are a way to create reciprocity, to be
    treated fairly, to be treated appropriately, and I think it
    will help our farmers, our ranchers, and our fishermen to
    flourish. That is what I expect this Administration is going to
    drive, and that is why I am honored to serve President Trump in
    his pursuit of that reciprocity and that fairness, and the end
    of the disrespect. These countries have reliance on the
    American economy, and they need to start to respect us, and
    respect us now.
        Senator Fischer. Thank you. You heard about the BEAD
    funding from Senator Thune, other members of this committee as
    well, and I hope you will take that to heart and help our
    states get through some of those regulations that are out
    there. It has been an impediment to us.
        I would like to talk a little bit here in the last few
    seconds about technology and competitiveness. I think I have
    Senator Wicker's time. In hearings, this committee has talked
    about the United States' AI capabilities and that we are in a
    dead heat with China.
        This week, we heard about DeepSeek, and that, I think, it
    is having us examine kind of where we are right now with that.
    If confirmed, given the Commerce Department's breadth of
    influence on that issue, how will you address different threats
    that we see coming from the CCP within these information and
    technology markets?
        Mr. Lutnick. I take a very jaundiced view of China. I think
    they only care about themselves and seek to harm us, and so we
    need to protect ourselves. We need to drive our innovation, and
    we need to stop helping them. Open platforms, Meta's open
    platform, let DeepSeek rely on it. Nvidia's chips, which they
    bought tons of, and they found their ways around it, drive
    their DeepSeek model. It has got to end. If they are going to
    compete with us, let them compete, but stop using our tools to
    compete with us.
        I am going to be very strong on that. I am thrilled to
    oversee BIS, and I am thrilled to coordinate and empower BIS
    with tariffs that will improve the strength. When we say no,
    the answer has got to be no.
        Senator Fischer. I look forward to working with you, sir.
    Thank you.
        Mr. Lutnick. Thank you.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Markey. No, I am sorry.
    Senator Baldwin.

                   STATEMENT OF HON. TAMMY BALDWIN,
                      U.S. SENATOR FROM WISCONSIN

        Senator Baldwin. Thank you, Chair, Ranking Member. Thank
    you, Mr. Lutnick, for your willingness to serve.
        I am going to ask at first, a sort of more general
    question, and then I want to dig into some details that you
    have heard a little bit about from my colleagues. But the
    Department of Commerce does significant work to ensure that
    U.S. companies are able to compete with China, and it also does
    a lot of work to drive innovation in America. I want to ask
    very broadly, how will you utilize the programs within the
    Commerce Department, including those authorized by the
    bipartisan CHIPS and Science Act to promote American
    innovation?
        Mr. Lutnick. For example, we want to bring semiconductors
    back to America. We want to look at the supply chain and bring
    that back to America. We want to create those great jobs in
    America, so that way we can go back to innovating, which is
    where we began. Intel began the chips, and then the world sort
    of leveraged our chips. TSMC leveraged us, and sort of took it
    from us, and who drove them? Apple. Who is Apple? It is
    America.
        So we want to bring that innovation back and make sure our
    great companies--and let's be clear, we have them all. There is
    no other country that has the incredible technology companies,
    pharma companies that we have. Let's bring those companies'
    manufacturing and innovation and have them do that
    manufacturing in America with American workers. Let's try that.
        Senator Baldwin. Thank you. One of the key parts of the
    bipartisan CHIPS and Science Act, as you have heard from me
    when we met privately, as well as from others, is the Tech Hub
    Program. I will bet when you were having your one-on-one
    meetings with others on this committee, you heard about their
    tech hubs----
        Mr. Lutnick. I did.
        Senator Baldwin.--as you heard about ours. Wisconsin's
    Biohealth Tech Hub positions the state as a global leader in
    personalized medicine. It tailors health care treatment to a
    patient's unique history and genetic code. Last week, I spoke
    with many in the consortium that presented the Wisconsin
    application, and their number one question was, can we count on
    future funding? The first tranche of funding has indeed been
    disbursed, but there are millions more that have been committed
    to the tech hub over the next 5 years.
        This week, the Administration announced a freeze on all
    Federal financial assistance passed by Congress, including on a
    bipartisan basis, as most bills out of this committee and out
    of the Senate are. Mr. Lutnick, I am looking for a yes or no.
    Should Wisconsin biotech hub be concerned that they may not
    receive future tranches of funding that were pledged?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think the best answer I can give you is I
    have to look at it and understand it better. I cannot really
    give you an answer as I sit here right now, because I do not
    know the details. I try to answer everything as best I possibly
    can, but if I do not know the details, the only thing I can say
    is, I do not know the details.
        Senator Baldwin. I think you will hear from a lot, on this
    panel particularly, this is a key part of how we lead
    innovation in the United States, and support for our bipartisan
    work on this will be very important.
        You and I spoke also about the impact a trade war will have
    on Wisconsin's farmers and manufacturers. I know Senator
    Fischer just asked you about this also. But I want to say that
    their experience under the first Trump administration makes
    them really nervous this time around.
        According to the Department of Agriculture, America's
    farmers lost $27 billion in export sales in 2018 and 2019, in
    large part because of the China tariffs. A generous share of
    Wisconsin's milk production ends up in dairy products exported
    to places outside of the U.S., and proposed tariffs on Mexico,
    Canada and China, three of the main export destinations for
    U.S. dairy products, are likely to reduce dairy exports to a
    degree that would harm farm milk prices and processor
    profitability significantly.
        I have been hearing from Wisconsin manufacturers who are
    very concerned about supply chains and their own facilities
    that are in other countries. So Wisconsinites are concerned the
    prices are going to go up. What would you say to Wisconsin
    farmers, Wisconsin manufacturers, who are concerned about their
    exports, their supply chains, and retaliatory tariffs?
        Mr. Lutnick. Our farmers, our ranchers, and our fishermen
    are the best in the world, and they are treated poorly. Canada,
    as we spoke about, treats our dairy farmers horribly. That has
    got to end. That has got to end. If Canada is going to rely on
    America for its economic growth, how about you treat our
    farmers, our ranchers, and our fishermen with respect.
        So I think the President and our Trump administration is
    going to improve the lives, and is focused on improving the
    lives, of our producers, our farmers, our ranchers, and our
    fishermen. These are vital. So I am going to work hard to make
    sure, as an example, for your dairy farmers, they do much, much
    better in Canada than they have ever done before, and that is a
    key focus of this Administration.
        Senator Baldwin. Can you commit to the American people that
    prices will not go up?
        Mr. Lutnick. I can commit that the economy of the United
    States of America will be much, much better. A particular
    product's price maybe go up, but all of them, yhis is not
    inflationary. The two top countries with tariffs, India and
    China, have the most tariffs and no inflation. It is just a
    nonsense that tariffs cause inflation. It is nonsense.
        Senator Baldwin. Thank you for your testimony.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Moran.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. JERRY MORAN,
                        U.S. SENATOR FROM KANSAS

        Senator Moran. Mr. Lutnick, thank you. The reason we are so
    short in our questions is because you are so short in your
    answers, and it is pleasing. That happens rarely. Thank you for
    being direct.
        I want to indicate to you that we will have an opportunity
    to be well acquainted. I chair the Appropriations Subcommittee
    that funds the Department of Commerce. And----
        Mr. Lutnick. How are you, sir?
        Senator Moran. All right. You have impressed me. That is
    what I was looking for.
        Mr. Lutnick. Yes to your first question.
        Senator Moran. Oh, let me shuffle my questions. Let me tell
    you something about the BEAD grant, and just highlight. You
    have an opportunity to make this BEAD grant program work, as
    you heard Senator Thune indicate and others. Let me also tell
    you that the BEAD grant dollars are subject to taxes, so the
    company that receives the grant to put broadband into rural and
    underserved areas has to pay taxes on the money received. This
    is not something you can directly do something about. But we
    have legislation to eliminate the tax, and it seems to me that
    if you want the BEAD grant program to work and actually get the
    dollars to the people across the country, including Kansas, who
    need broadband services, reducing the amount of money that is
    available by taxing the grant makes no sense. Am I missing
    something here?
        Mr. Lutnick. What you just said sounds entirely sensible.
        Senator Moran. That is not my first question.
        Mr. Lutnick. Oh.
        Senator Moran. That one was too easy. We are working to
    solve that problem, but your input and support at a point in
    time may be helpful to us.
        A lot of talk about trade policy. I was going to ask you
    about your vision for agriculture. I only would highlight,
    again, Kansas is one of those states. This committee here is a
    very rural committee, and the members who make up this
    committee often come from rural parts of the country, but there
    are significant challenges to farmers and ranchers.
        Also, I would add to that list, we have a lot of small
    manufacturers who make farm equipment, and the consequence of a
    lousy farm economy has a consequence there, but so do tariffs
    upon steel and metals, aluminum, the manufacturing process of
    products that farmers buy.
        In the first Trump administration, President Trump included
    a robust 301 tariff exclusion process for American business.
    How will you approach an exclusion process, that exclusion
    process was a part of the Department of Commerce, and companies
    could make an application for an exclusion from the tariff. Do
    you have thoughts about that?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think we, the President, signed an EO
    directing Commerce and the USTR to study tariffs and do a
    rigorous study, so I am going to let the experts drive that
    study. But I am a more simple view of tariff sort of guy, and I
    think the President is of like minds, which is that the steel
    and aluminum had 560,000 applications for exclusions. It just
    seems that is too many. I think we need to simplify it and make
    it more effective.
        Senator Moran. Let me ask a question about tourism, and
    you, within the Department of Commerce, have a national travel
    and tourism office. There is a creation of a large-scale
    sporting event task force that we would encourage you to
    implement. This arises because of major events that are soon to
    occur in the United States, FIFA and the soccer tournaments
    across the country, the U.S. Olympics coming to Los Angeles.
    These are huge events that develop lots of economic activity in
    the country and need attention of the Department of Commerce.
    Does that make sense to you?
        Mr. Lutnick. That is a really good idea.
        Senator Moran. Thank you. Finally, Kansas, about 250
    million years ago, was covered by an ocean. Therefore, I have a
    fish question. The previous administration had proposed a rule
    that sought to amend vessel speed regulations in an effort to
    further protect the endangered North Atlantic Right Whale. The
    intent behind this rule, I suppose, is commendable, though the
    industry was not consulted in its promulgation.
        Can I have your commitment that as Secretary of the
    Department, you will work with U.S. marine industry, including
    boating, marine, and maritime technology providers? There is
    science and technology that can help address this issue that is
    being left behind, and I want to make sure that it is
    considered in the effort to protect marine life while also
    leveraging that technology availability.
        Mr. Lutnick. Absolutely.
        Senator Moran. Thank you, sir.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Markey.

                   STATEMENT OF HON. EDWARD MARKEY,
                    U.S. SENATOR FROM MASSACHUSETTS

        Senator Markey. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Lutnick,
    welcome. On Monday night, President Trump's budget office
    issued a memo that directed agencies to cutoff all Federal
    spending, all Federal spending, outside of payments to
    individuals. The Trump administration issued this order even
    though this spending was authorized and appropriated by
    Congress and intended to benefit the American people. A bargain
    was struck here with the Article One, power of the purse. The
    benefit is supposed to flow to the American people.
        The freeze could affect semiconductor grants, broadband
    grants, fisheries, disaster relief, habitat conservation, all
    programs in the Department of Commerce. Mr. Lutnick, do you
    believe that this action by President Trump was lawful?
        Mr. Lutnick. I rely on the President. If his advisors say
    it was, then I will rely on him and his advisors.
        Senator Markey. Well, that is an unacceptable response,
    because this action has caused mass confusion, disrupted
    critical payments systems, and violated directly Federal
    spending statutes passed out of this committee and the
    Congress. So how can we be sure that if Congress passes an
    appropriations law for the Department of Commerce that you are
    going to feel fully obligated to execute that law and spend the
    funding as it is written? Will you spend it as we wrote it?
        Mr. Lutnick. It is my promise that I will try my best to
    give this committee and the Congress the benefit of the bargain
    that you have passed. You want broadband, if you want ships in
    America, my job is to execute on that plan. This pause will
    allow my time to be confirmed and us to study and attack it
    rigorously. But I promise you, I will give you, as best as I
    can, the benefit of the bargain that you have appropriated for.
    That is my objective, absolutely.
        Senator Markey. And that is exactly right. We do it, we do
    the negotiation, and then Article Two of the Constitution is
    the President, he is supposed to execute, you're supposed to
    execute, you work for him. So if President Trump directed you
    to unlawfully withhold Federal spending that was authorized by
    Congress, would you comply with that order?
        Mr. Lutnick. I guess I would be spending a lot of time with
    lawyers but I do not think that is the way it would work.
        Senator Markey. Well, it has already worked that way. We
    know that the President has already unlawfully, in violation of
    the statute, fired inspectors general. That was not in
    compliance with the law. What happened two nights ago in the
    freezing of all Federal funds, that is in violation of the law,
    the benefit of the bargain.
        So again my question to you is, given the unprecedented
    times that we are in and the Commerce Committee going back to
    being the first committee in Congress, we are wondering,
    obviously, whether or not you are going to ensure that the law
    that we pass, the funding that is going out to all of these
    companies, all these individuals, there is a cloud over their
    head, will you ensure that an unlawful act is not followed at
    the Department of Commerce?
        Mr. Lutnick. Well interestingly, the BEAD program has not
    connected anyone yet and the CHIPS has not really distributed
    much money, so the timing is not really impacted. We will work
    hard, and I commit to you to work hard, to deliver to this
    committee the benefit of the bargain. If you appropriate it,
    you should expect from me to deliver efficiently and
    effectively the outcomes that you anticipated, or better, and
    that is my objective and that is my promise to you.
        Senator Markey. And again, you understand that the
    President has already violated the 30-day notice on inspectors
    general that was supposed to be complied with. They are already
    in violation of the Article One's Power of the Purse, and we
    believe, obviously, quite clearly, this is just going to be a
    pattern of conduct, and we need to know that the Cabinet
    secretaries that we are voting on are going to comply with the
    law, that is the bargain that was struck with the American
    people, to make sure they get the funding, they get the
    programs which are going to protect their families as well. So
    I am not hearing a clear answer on that.
        Mr. Lutnick. I will comply with the law. That is a clear
    answer for sure.
        Senator Markey. Right, but the law is not the President.
    The law is what we have passed, Mr. Lutnick. That is the law.
    And what is happening right now is the President is seeking to
    arrogate all of that constitutional power into his hands, and
    that is not the law. That is an abuse of the law. That is a
    violation of constitutional separation of powers, and an
    arrogation of power into one office. I understand the unitary
    government theory that is out there, but it is not
    constitutional. We do not have that as our system of government
    in our Nation.
        So we are going to be very, very attentive to how, in fact,
    you will be conducting business at the Department of Commerce,
    because the people deserve the benefit of the bargain that was
    faithfully executed and constructed by this committee in terms
    of the benefits that flow to the American people. Thank you,
    Mr. Chairman.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Sullivan.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. DAN SULLIVAN,
                        U.S. SENATOR FROM ALASKA

        Senator Sullivan. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and Mr. Lutnick,
    congratulations to you and your family. Thank you for that very
    powerful opening statement, and I appreciated our meeting. I am
    really enjoying this hearing, all the focus on fish. It is
    great. And in all seriousness, certain secretaries, most
    secretaries in my view, have not embraced their role that they
    are really important to our fishing community. As you and I
    talked about, this is really important to my state. Alaska is
    the superpower of seafood. Over two-thirds of all seafood
    harvested in America--commercial, subsistence, sport--is
    harvested in Alaska's waters, over two-thirds. So we are it. We
    are the 800-pound gorilla. We have tens of thousands of
    Alaskans that are connected to this industry, and we are a huge
    powerhouse in terms of American exports.
        So Mr. Lutnick, the Vice President in his opening statement
    called you a product guy, a sales guy, a good dude. That is a
    quote from the Vice President, ``good dude.''
        I want to also maybe give you the title of Godfather of
    American Fisherman or the Patron Saint of American fishermen--
    --
        Mr. Lutnick. This is working for me. This is really working
    for me.
        Senator Sullivan. Keep a focus on these communities on
    these great Americans just like at Deadliest Catch and things
    like that, and to be a leader on focusing on them. That has not
    always happened. As a matter of fact, it usually has not
    happened with the Secretaries of Commerce. Can you commit to me
    on doing that?
        Mr. Lutnick. Well, I love to fish and I am happy to commit
    to you. The fishermen in the United States of America are one
    of our great assets, and it is easy for me to promise to take
    care of them.
        Senator Sullivan. Great, and since you love to fish, this
    next question might be the easiest one you get all day. I need
    a commitment from you to come to Alaska. You can bring the
    family.
        Mr. Lutnick. As long as I can bring my family, we are
    coming.
        Senator Sullivan. You can go fishing, but to meet these
    great American fishermen who are my constituents, and it would
    be great for you to get up there soon to meet them. Can I get
    your commitment to do that, as well?
        Mr. Lutnick. It is my pleasure.
        Senator Sullivan. Great. Let me mention, we already talked
    about it. The last 4 years have been tough on my state. This is
    a chart I have shown all over the place, ``The Last Frontier
    Lockup.'' we called it. Seventy executive orders and actions
    from the Biden administration singularly focused on shutting
    down Alaska--70. Fortunately this is now a thing of the past,
    we want to get rid of that.
        [Applause.]
        Senator Sullivan. On day one, the President issued this
    executive order, President Trump. It is called, ``Unleashing
    Alaska's Extraordinary Resource Potential.'' And it is long and
    it is very detailed, and the Secretary of Commerce is mentioned
    in it. One of the lines in there, ``It is the policy of the
    United States,'' this is from President Trump on day one, ``to
    fully avail itself of Alaska's vast lands and resources for the
    benefit of the Nation and the American citizens who call Alaska
    home.''
        You're mentioned in this, the Secretary of Commerce. Can I
    get your commitment to work with me on implementing every
    aspect effect of this really great Trump day one executive
    order?
        Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
        Senator Sullivan. Great, thank you. You mentioned
    disrespect for our fishermen. You and I talked about what we
    have been enduring for the last 10 years. Russia instituted a
    ban on any exports of American seafood in 2014, and yet we had
    open borders essentially for them for the last 10 years, taken
    market share. Literally the most disrespectful, unfair trading
    situation I could see anywhere in the world. They were coming
    after our market share. Our fishermen in America could not
    export one fish to Russia. And then I worked really hard to get
    that changed. We got a ban, and then the Russians started
    sending their fish to China to essentially create a loophole,
    then to come in to the U.S. We shut that down finally.
        Can you work with me to make sure we do not have that
    incredibly unfair Russia bans everything, and they can import
    everything here? Ridiculous. Same with China. You are a sales
    guy, a products guy. I want you to commit to me to promote
    American freedom fish, Alaska freedom fish, and do not allow
    communist fish from Russia and China coming into our markets,
    can you commit----
        Mr. Lutnick. We got to get rid of those communist fish.
        Senator Sullivan. Yes, good. Can I get a commitment on
    that?
        Mr. Lutnick. I do.
        Senator Sullivan. Excellent, no communist fish. Freedom
    fish is what we want.
        Finally, Mr. Lutnick, the Chairman is going to focus this
    committee a lot on energy, which I think is great. I know you
    care about unleashing our extraordinary energy potential. One
    of the big areas of focus of the Trump day one EO, Unleashing
    Alaska's Extraordinary Resource Potential, is moving forward
    and finally getting done this massive Alaska LNG project that
    we have been working on for a number of years. We got all the
    permits during the Trump administration. Of course, Biden
    blocked those. This would create thousands of jobs, would
    revitalize the American steel industry. Estimates are it would
    reduce our trade deficit by about $10 billion a year.
        Can you commit to work with me, the President, who is very
    focused on that in his EO, the Secretaries of Interior and
    Energy, and other Cabinet officials, including our Asian
    allies, to make this project a reality, which will be great for
    the country, great for our workers, great for our trade
    deficit, and really boost America's national security?
        Mr. Lutnick. I can.
        Senator Sullivan. Thank you, thank you. Mr. Chairman thanks
    very much.
        The Chairman. Well, and as a Texan, I do want to clarify
    for the record that red snapper are not communist fish, and as
    a nod to my Alaskan friend, neither are pink salmon. Senator
    Peters.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. GARY PETERS,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM MICHIGAN

        Senator Peters. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Lutnick,
    welcome. Congratulations on your nomination. I certainly
    appreciated our kind of wide-ranging discussion we had in my
    office recently.
        I know that tariffs are certainly a powerful and a positive
    tool that can be used, but they need to be used strategically,
    they need to be used thoughtfully, and that is why I called for
    100 percent tariffs on Chinese vehicles last year, and why I am
    going to continue to fight for aggressive trade policy when it
    comes to our relations with China.
        As a Senator for Michigan, I am particularly focused on
    manufacturing. We know how to make things in Michigan, and I do
    not think you can be a great country if you do not actually
    make things, and that is what we do in my state. And I want to
    work with the Administration to make sure we are growing that
    sector as well as creating good-paying jobs that result from
    manufacturing.
        However, I am concerned that President Trump's plan to
    impose tariffs on Canada and Mexico before the rest of the
    world--in fact it could be in a matter of days is what we are
    hearing--could hurt our manufacturers who do considerable trade
    back and forth, as we discussed in the office.
        Michigan is the home of the two of the top three border
    crossings in North America, we are two of them, and a lot of
    that are auto parts that go back and forth. It is a highly
    integrated industry, and our auto companies are very concerned
    about what those tariffs might mean to cost, particularly to
    the cost of vehicles. Already something we discussed, I am
    concerned about the high cost of vehicles. Many families cannot
    afford them now. And if tariffs are put in place that deal with
    that seamless trade that goes on with Canada, that that in the
    short run could definitely have an impact on prices and make
    cars even more unaffordable. I do not think that is something
    the American people want to see, and I am afraid it would hurt
    consumers as well as also hurt those workers.
        So my question for you, sir, is talk me through how those
    tariffs would be implemented, what you are thinking will happen
    there, and how it is going to have an impact on prices,
    particularly in the short term? I know what you are going to go
    on the long term, but all this stuff takes time, and especially
    when it comes to manufacturing, it is not an industry that can
    turn on a dime. It is much more complicated, as I know you
    know.
        Mr. Lutnick. So the big tariff view is going to be studied,
    and the President launched that in an executive order where he
    asked the Commerce Department and the USTR to study the tariff
    model long-term. The short-term issue is illegal migration, and
    worse even still, fentanyl coming into this country and killing
    over 100,000 Americans. There is no war we could have that
    would kill 100,000 Americans. The President is focused on
    ending fentanyl coming into the country. You know that the labs
    in Canada are run by Mexican cartels, so this tariff model is
    simply to shut their borders, respect America. If we are your
    biggest trading partner, show us the respect shut your border,
    and end fentanyl coming into this country.
        So it is not a tariff per se. It is an action of domestic
    policy--shut your border and stop allowing fentanyl into our
    country, killing our people. So this is a separate tariff to
    create action from Mexico and action from Canada, and as far as
    I know they are acting swiftly. And if they execute it, there
    will be no tariff, and if they do not, then there will be. But
    it is an action-oriented model. That is not the ordinary
    tariff. The ordinary tariffs need to be studied and examined,
    and that would start, as the EO said, in April.
        Senator Peters. So that is a separate tariff?
        Mr. Lutnick. Correct.
        Senator Peters. After that study, what would be the
    timeline of that?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think that is sort of in April, those
    studies will come out, in the end of March and April, and then
    you will hear about those at that time. So big macro issues
    with tariffs are being studied, but the micro issue is Canada
    and Mexico and the precursors from China, they need to end, and
    we need to protect our Americans from Fentanyl, and our trading
    partners in Canada and Mexico, they should end it and stop
    disrespecting us and allowing this to come through our borders.
        Senator Peters. Well, I think we all agree, we want secure
    borders, I am with you all the way. Being a northern border
    state, Ranking Member on Homeland Security will want to do
    that. My concern though is what is going to happen in the April
    timeframe, as to what could that mean in terms of increased
    costs to Americans if not properly implemented or properly
    thought through. What sort of assurances can you give us that
    we will not see that when that second set of tariffs get
    implemented, or if they get implemented, but it sounds as if
    that is your plan?
        Mr. Lutnick. Well, we are we are going to study those, the
    actions and the economy of America and how it works. But if you
    think about it, we need to grow domestic manufacturing. As you
    said, Michigan is one of the great places where we build
    things, and the car manufacturing went to Canada, it went to
    Mexico. It is important that that come back to Michigan, and
    come back to Ohio, and come back to the great states of America
    that can build. And so I think a thoughtful tariff policy that
    drives domestic manufacturing I think is fundamental to the
    American workers, especially to the workers in Michigan.
        Senator Peters. Very good. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Blackburn.

                  STATEMENT OF HON. MARSHA BLACKBURN,
                      U.S. SENATOR FROM TENNESSEE

        Senator Blackburn. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Welcome. We are
    delighted that your friends and family are all here to support
    you and we look forward to you serving the Nation well as our
    Commerce Secretary.
        You have heard a good bit about spectrum today and the
    NTIA, the FCC, the work that they are doing there. I will just
    highlight with you how critical getting that spectrum out. We
    need a lot of that mid-band spectrum going to auction, and we
    have auction authority that has lapsed. Chairman Cruz is
    working to move us forward to reimplement that, and we would
    like your support there, as we realize how important it is to
    have connectivity all across the country.
        And we want to do this without preference for whether it is
    wireline, wireless, fixed wireless, satellite. The point is to
    get people connected. So your attention on that issue will be
    welcomed, and we thank you for that.
        I do want to talk with you a little bit about China, and
    this is something in Tennessee that many of our innovators and
    manufacturers talk about. China is now the leader in 57
    critical and emerging technologies when it comes to holding
    trademarks and patents, and they were the leader in 3 in the
    mid to early 2000s, 2010, and now they are leading in 57.
        We are very concerned about this, Senator Welch and I have
    worked on this issue of looking at these critical and emerging
    technologies. And what we have found is one of the issues is
    the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, which is one of those
    agencies that you will oversee. And many of the innovators in
    Tennessee talked to me about the frustration that they have
    with trying to get a patent pending, the amount of time it
    takes.
        I do not know if you have looked at the USPTO. The backlog
    of applications there is 820,000. It takes 21 months to get a
    patent pending, and as you know, some of our auto engineers,
    some of our health care engineers that are working on
    algorithms and new delivery systems, they do not have that long
    to get that kind of assurance.
        So will you work with us? We need to do a pilot project so
    that we can push forward AI and quantum and some of these
    patents that are requested in these areas if we are going to go
    back to beating China in these.
        Mr. Lutnick. The backlog is unacceptable, and my pursuit
    will be the rigorous reduction of that to get it down. It used
    to historically be 500,000, and I thought that was
    unacceptable.
        I am a patent holder, and I have used the Patent Office
    over many years. It could be much more productive. But the
    Chinese are abusing us. They do not give us protection in
    China, and they come in and use our Patent Office against us.
    This is going to end. We are going to study that, and we are
    going to work on ending that and making sure our American
    inventors get taken care of quickly and effectively.
        Senator Blackburn. I will tell, you--thank you, because
    when I saw you held over 400 patents, I thought, ``This is
    someone that can help straighten out the USPTO,'' which needs
    to be done.
        The other thing I want to talk with you about is supply
    chains. This comes under your purview at Commerce. Gary Peters
    and I have done a good bit of work on auto manufacturing, as
    Tennessee has become such a manufacturing center. And you are
    going to be key in securing these supply chains for the
    American auto manufacturing sector, and we want to make certain
    that whether it is autos, whether it is appliances, and then
    equipment for data centers and computers in facilities like xAI
    that is going into Memphis in my state. The supply chain issues
    have been noticed, they have been harmful, and they have been
    expensive, and many times really a loss for our manufacturing
    entities. And whether it is the raw materials or the components
    that are needed for high-tech assembly, we need to make certain
    that we straighten out the supply chain system so that we are
    able to repatriate U.S. manufacturing.
        Mr. Lutnick. Exactly, we need to bring manufacturing and
    supply chain domestic so that that production is domestic and
    flows through and employs great Americans to do so. I
    completely agree.
        Senator Blackburn. Thank you. I yield back.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Duckworth.

                  STATEMENT OF HON. TAMMY DUCKWORTH,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM ILLINOIS

        Senator Duckworth. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Lutnick,
    welcome. Yesterday, President Trump paused disbursement of
    Federal grants and loans including grants that have already
    been obligated. Some of my colleagues have touched on this
    already. These include grants from the Department of Commerce.
    For the second week in a row, President Trump's actions are
    sowing confusion, uncertainty, and anxiety.
        When Congress directs Federal agencies how to spend
    taxpayer funds, especially once those funds have been
    obligated, that funding must be disbursed. That is Federal law.
    This kind of chaos will make America less globally competitive,
    not more. Other nations are watching and figuring out how to
    give themselves an advantage while we are dealing with the
    chaos of poorly executed EOs.
        The Department of Commerce grants have real impact. For
    example, the Economic Development Administration recently
    awarded $51 million to the Illinois Fermentation and
    Agriculture Biomanufacturing, IFAB, tech hub. We have already
    discussed tech hubs and how important they are. They are
    important across the country. This is cutting-edge work that is
    going to keep America an innovator and global leader in
    agricultural business and grow good-paying jobs across the
    Midwest.
        Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, will you commit to disbursing
    all obligated grant funding from the Department of Commerce on
    time and without delay?
        Mr. Lutnick. If you add rigorously and making it as
    efficient as possible, I can say yes.
        Senator Duckworth. OK, thank you. If President Trump
    directed you to do something illegal or unconstitutional would
    you refuse to obey?
        Mr. Lutnick. He will not.
        Senator Duckworth. Would you refuse an unconstitutional or
    illegal order from President Trump?
        Mr. Lutnick. The Legal Department of the Department of
    Commerce is excellent. I would go and get their advice and
    guidance, but this will not happen. It just will not happen.
        Senator Duckworth. So your answer is not going to----
        Mr. Lutnick. That is a hypothetical. That will not happen
    so I do not----
        Senator Duckworth. He has given illegal orders before. He
    asked the Department of Defense to shoot protesters in the leg.
        Mr. Lutnick. Well, I do not know that. I do not know that.
        Senator Duckworth. We can send you that information. All
    right.
        As we discussed when we met last month, good commercial
    policy is critical for our national security. Supporting small
    and medium-sized manufacturing, ensuring farmers have access to
    international markets, developing strong relationships with
    friendly partners, strengthening supply chains, and fortifying
    export controls to keep critical materials out of the hands of
    bad actors, this all helps keep our country safe and our
    economy strong. I especially enjoyed our conversation about the
    fact that our economy and at the Department of Commerce is also
    incredibly important to America's national security on a global
    scale, and I think we agreed on that and I enjoyed our
    conversation on that.
        Agriculture and manufacturing are critical for Illinois and
    for the Nation as a whole. It is part of that national
    strength. They not only generate good-paying jobs for
    hardworking Americans but they also advance U.S. innovation in
    a highly competitive global economy. You have touched on that
    today, and I have enjoyed your remarks.
        If confirmed how will you work to advance America's
    agricultural and manufacturing industries both at home and
    abroad?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think our farmers, and our ranchers, and our
    fishermen are treated with disrespect overseas. Europe, for
    example, comes up with all these sort of policies that our
    ranchers cannot sell steak. If you saw a European steer and an
    American steer, it is laughable. The American steers are three
    times the size. The steaks are so much more beautiful. But they
    make up this nonsensical set of rules so that our ranchers
    cannot sell there, our farmers cannot sell there. It is
    nonsense. They do not like our fertilizer a little bit.
        We need to change those rules. We need to end the
    disrespect that our farmers, ranchers, and fishermen have to
    suffer with, and that is one of the things that I am just
    really excited about. I am going to help our farmers, ranchers,
    and fishermen be successful around the world. We are the best,
    our farmers are the best, it is clear, and they need to be able
    to sell their wares around the world, and I need to help end
    the disrespect that they get elsewhere.
        Senator Duckworth. I agree with you that our farmers are a
    national treasure and we should give them all the support they
    need in order to be successful.
        When done well, joint ventures with partner nations can
    boost our economic growth, as well as enhance our national
    security. If confirmed, what will you do to foster an
    environment which concords joint ventures, especially with
    partner nations, especially those with whom we have national
    security agreements like Japan or Korea, that will enhance both
    our economy and our security?
        Mr. Lutnick. Our great allies have taken advantage of our
    good nature, and they like steel in Japan and appliances in
    Korea. I mean, they have just taken advantage of us. It is time
    for them to partner with us and bring that production back
    home. So I think we are going to work closely with our allies
    to increase their manufacturing productivity at home, and I
    think your way of thinking about it, saying let's work together
    to do that and bring it home, I think is really important for
    us and really important for our workforce.
        Senator Duckworth. I am all for that. Thank you. I am over
    time, Mr. Chairman.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Young.

                     STATEMENT OF HON. TODD YOUNG,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM INDIANA

        Senator Young. Good to see you, Mr. Lutnick. I enjoyed our
    visit in the office. And one of the things you demonstrated to
    me during that roughly hour of visiting is that you really
    understand that science and technology is going to play a very
    important role going forward in our economic growth, in our
    national security. You also demonstrated an understanding that
    China has prioritized, through a number of recent initiatives,
    boosting science and tech funding and progress in a number of
    different technology fronts.
        How do you envision, Mr. Lutnick, should you be confirmed,
    increasing support and funding for basic research so that the
    United States remains at the forefront of global innovation and
    job creation?
        Mr. Lutnick. We have the greatest university system in the
    world, and we need to encourage that productivity from our
    universities, from our great scientists. We need to enhance
    their ability to get patents to protect them. We need to drive
    that model of AI innovation and make sure the baseline
    innovation is American. I mean, these things are vital for us
    and we need to drive it. We need to have standards of
    cybersecurity and standards for AI innovation that keep things
    American. Exactly the way you think about it is vital for us to
    do it here and to do it now.
        Senator Young. And have you given any thought to the
    leakage of our investments and the breakthroughs that are made,
    the intellectual property leakage to adversary countries and
    parties and how we might continue to be vigilant against that?
        Mr. Lutnick. How could it be more clear than this week when
    DeepSeek, a Chinese AI says they were able to create things
    dirt cheap. How? By leveraging what they have taken from us,
    stolen from us, or leveraged from us. It is outrageous, and it
    needs to be addressed.
        Senator Young. Indeed. Thank you. Mr. Lutnick, it is of
    paramount importance that the United States continue to lead in
    international collaboration and engagement on AI, which you
    just alluded to, and I would say the voluntary standards that
    has been done at NIST, and that needs to continue to be done in
    some capacity, somewhere.
        But if confirmed, NIST will be under your purview, and it
    has been a vitally important non-regulatory agency, when it
    comes to U.S. leadership on AI, and focusing on voluntary
    standards rather than heavy-handed regulations. So what are
    your thoughts on artificial intelligence and the role that the
    Department of Commerce should play in supporting continued
    innovation, and will you commit to continuing to support the
    great standards work being done at NIST?
        Mr. Lutnick. I am happy to support it. I think NIST has
    some of the greatest scientists in the world, and they
    understand AI technology, quantum technology. I mean, this is a
    central hub of knowledge of the American government which I am
    really excited to oversee.
        I think standards is the right model. As I have said, the
    way we have done cybersecurity which is the gold standard of
    the world and everyone in the world follows our model, I think
    we should try to have a light-touch model like that in AI. Set
    those standards so the world heeds our standards, and goes with
    our standards, would be very important for America and
    something I am going to try to drive.
        Senator Young. Yes, you can imagine a future in which,
    through your leadership and those of others in the
    administration, we are able to tease out our own standards,
    harmonize those standards with other countries, non-China
    countries, and then for those countries to produce products and
    export them into the rest of the world, they would have to
    abide by our standards of transparency, and openness, and
    consumer protection, all the rest of it. So I think you are
    headed down the right track there, and I hope we will have an
    opportunity to work on that should you be confirmed.
        Let me turn, sir, to digital trade. Despite the strength of
    U.S. Digital Services, the previous administration abandoned
    U.S. leadership on digital trade. They reversed decades of
    bipartisan policy that promoted our digital exports. This
    includes withdrawing support for key digital trade provisions
    at the WTO, ignoring bipartisan congressional directives, and
    leaving American companies vulnerable to discriminatory trade
    barriers and digital protectionism abroad.
        Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, will you commit to restoring
    U.S. leadership in digital trade by advancing strong digital
    trade rules and prioritizing support for U.S. digital exports?
        Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
        Senator Young. Fantastic. I am out of time, Mr. Chairman.
    Thank you.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Rosen.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. JACKY ROSEN,
                        U.S. SENATOR FROM NEVADA

        Senator Rosen. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Thank you, Madam
    Chair. Mr. Lutnick, thank you for being here. A pleasure to
    meet your family. I appreciated the conversation that we had
    ahead of this hearing, and I look forward to your responses how
    to carry out the Department's mission to support Americans
    innovation. And however, with the Administrations
    unconstitutional move to freeze Federal funding, including
    critical investments in American innovation, like the Tech Hubs
    Program, heard of that in Nevada, building out our rural
    broadband infrastructure, really important again, in Nevada, I
    am skeptical on the ability of this Administration to deliver
    on that mission. And I also remain concerned that the policies
    outlined by this Administration will raise prices on everyday
    goods and have the potential to make housing and energy more
    expensive.
        But with that I am going to turn to a few really critically
    important things to Nevada's economy that we touched on a bit.
    One, of course, everybody knows about, well, of course,
    Southern Nevada and Las Vegas, are travel and tourism, key to
    Nevada's economy, top economic driver of every single state in
    this Nation and so, backbone of Nevada's economy.
        That is why several years ago, when I was Chair of the
    Subcommittee on Tours and Trade and Export Promotion, I worked
    across the aisle. We passed bipartisan legislation to create an
    Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Domestic Travel and
    Tourism. Unfortunately we did not nominate anyone for the
    position, even after I secured the funding for it in last
    year's spending bill.
        So again, as tourism, top economic driver everywhere,
    really, really important. Urban and rural, every state in this
    Nation has some place great and wonderful to go see. And while
    we as Americans love to do that, as people around the world,
    just quickly yes or no, will you quickly work with me to fill
    this open position with a qualified nominee to be sure the
    Department supports our travel and tourism economies across the
    United States?
        Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
        Senator Rosen. Thank you. I want to move on quickly to
    something else in Nevada, because Nevada, I do not know if you
    have been there, we got a lot of sun. They have a lot of sun.
        Mr. Lutnick. I have been there.
        Senator Rosen. And one of my top priorities, we have a lot
    of stars and a lot of sun, but some of the darkest skies, some
    of the biggest stars on the strip, darkest skies in the center
    of Nevada and a lot of sun up and down the state.
        One of my top priorities has been to protect the solar
    industry and the really great-paying jobs it creates in Nevada.
    In fact, we have the most solar jobs per capita, more than any
    other state in the Nation. And so like you, I want to keep
    these good-paying jobs here in America. I want to reduce our
    reliance on China, especially as it pertains to the solar
    energy industry. We can talk more about solar manufacturing.
        But with that in mind, will you work with me to ensure that
    any new tariffs by the Administration do not hurt American
    solar jobs by making components of the solar supply chain
    prohibitively expensive, because I believe failure to do so
    will hurt our many small business in Nevada, small and large,
    not just in Nevada, but all across this country, as this is a
    booming industry.
        Mr. Lutnick. I will be glad to commit to study that.
        Senator Rosen. Thank you. I am going to move on to
    something I know everybody has been talking about is the
    broadband BEAD funding. Earlier this month, NTIA approved
    Nevada's BEAD application. It unlocked $416 million. It is
    going to connect all Nevadans to affordable, reliable, high-
    speed internet. We are in the top ten most largest states. We
    are a deep frontier state. We are one of the most mountainous
    states in the lower 48. We have significant challenges.
        And even before the OMB guidance is issued earlier this
    week and halted Federal funding, some in the Administration
    have advocated for drastically altering this program, clawing
    back funds already allocated to the states. Because of our
    geography and geology, we are years into the process in Nevada,
    as well as a few other states. We are on the edge of build out,
    and before you answer these questions, may I remind you at the
    outset that laws are not simply suggestions from Congress.
        So, can you commit that Nevada will not have to restart
    what has been a years' long process and will receive its full,
    allocated amount that Congress has allocated to it, under the
    BEAD program, given our plan has already been approved?
        Mr. Lutnick. I can commit to you that if it has been
    rigorously done and deeply efficient and it is the most
    efficient use to get broadband to your constituents, then it is
    easy for me to commit to it. But if there are errors and
    mistakes, you would not mind if we made it better, you would
    not mind.
        Senator Rosen. The project has already been approved. We
    are complying with all the requirements and the guidelines. We
    are about to build out. Laws and allocations, appropriations
    from Congress, they are not simply suggestions; it is the law.
    Now, just asking like others, if you will allocate what has
    already been complied with and what is ready to be built?
        Mr. Lutnick. I will read through that. I can commit I will
    read through the document, understand it with precision, and
    make sure that the outcome that you appropriated for, which is
    broadband to your citizens, I am totally committed to that, but
    I want to make sure it is done efficiently and effectively.
        Senator Rosen. That is not the question. The question was,
    will you comply with the appropriators of the United States
    Congress?
        Mr. Lutnick. Again, I would say it just the same way again.
    Rigorous review----
        Senator Rosen. Do you think laws are suggestions, Mr.
    Lutnick?
        Mr. Lutnick. Absolutely not.
        Senator Rosen. Thank you.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Budd.

                      STATEMENT OF HON. TED BUDD,
                    U.S. SENATOR FROM NORTH CAROLINA

        Senator Budd. Mr. Lutnick, welcome, and welcome your family
    as well. Thanks for your willingness to do this, to step away
    from quite a role, and also your family as well, who supports
    you.
        I want to talk for a minute about something we have
    mentioned several times and that is DeepSeek. In the release of
    the Chinese AI model, which was allegedly trained on a batch of
    export compliant older generation semiconductors for just a
    fraction of the cost of our models, it shows that China,
    however they got there, they might not be as far behind as we
    assumed.
        So if confirmed, how would you approach this issue and
    ensure the United States wins the AI race against China? And I
    will also say, as you enter this role, keep on your hat as an
    entrepreneur and do not lose that. I am reflecting on Y
    Combinator, Garry Tan who said as a result of this DeepSeek
    disruption a few days ago, he said a thousand flowers will
    bloom, and that is specifically as a result of DeepSeek. So how
    do you see this as an opportunity, and how do we win here?
        Mr. Lutnick. What this showed is that our export controls,
    not backed by tariffs, are like a whack-a-mole model where they
    get prevented over here and China figures out a way around it
    over there. We have got to find a way to back our export
    controls with tariff models, so that we tell China, you think
    we are your most important trading partner? When we say no, the
    answer is no. It is a respect thing. They have disrespected us.
    They have figured out their ways around it. I do not believe
    that DeepSeek was done all above board; that is nonsense, OK?
    They stole things, they broke in, they have taken our IP. It is
    got to end. And I am going to be rigorous in our pursuit of
    restrictions, and enforcing those restrictions to keep us in
    the lead, because we must stay in the lead.
        Senator Budd. Thanks for that. Next question, I want to ask
    you about the risk of our models being hosted on Chinese
    servers for American users, and the risk of reverse engineering
    models. The broader question really is about IP, so would you
    dig in to a little bit about how you want to enforce
    intellectual property, American intellectual property?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think the Chinese use our Patent Office
    against us. They use our laws. They have huge applications, and
    those applications are growing like fire. They are trademarks.
    You know, what they would do is they would say, Senator Budd,
    and then they would say S Budd and S Budd S, you know what I
    mean? They just go right around your trademark and abuse it. So
    I think we need to stop that. We need to address it. We need to
    stop it. We need to end it. And we need to have countries
    understand, if you do not respect our companies' IP there, you
    should not expect the same treatment here.
        Reciprocity is a word that really is effective. We are
    treated hardly. We want that to change, but you should expect
    the same treatment here.
        Senator Budd. Thank you. I want to ask this. With your
    financial background, I hear DeepSeek's founding company, I
    think it also owns a hedge fund. I am still getting information
    on this. Do you think there is perhaps a financial play from
    China because of the loss in market cap, or was it perhaps even
    a short sell play on our markets?
        Mr. Lutnick. Oh, I do not know.
        Senator Budd. Is it worth looking at?
        Mr. Lutnick. Of course.
        Senator Budd. Thank you. Are you concerned that in the U.S.
    we are focused, and perhaps even here in Congress, we are
    focused on regulating our own AI activities at the expense of
    China taking the lead and unlocking AGI or artificial general
    intelligence before we do?
        Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
        Senator Budd. What do you think we need to do here, to
    prevent us falling in that trap?
        Mr. Lutnick. We were successful on the Internet and created
    the greatest technology companies in the world because we had
    an American touch of it, right? We did the Internet the
    American way, and that is why the tech companies of the world
    are ours, right? We need to do the same thing with AI. We need
    to make sure that we set standards that the world meets, so
    they are American standards that the world meets, and I think
    that is the way we will keep our lead. Do it the American way,
    which we know is the winning way, our allies know it is the
    winning way, and we need to set those standards.
        Senator Budd. Thank you. I do want to follow up on
    something we talked about in my office, on a completely
    different topic, and yes, it does involve fish. So, the
    previous administration, they withdrew their NOAA Whale Strike
    Reduction rule, which would have had disastrous consequences
    for those in North Carolina, especially in the coastal
    communities. So will you and your team and your office continue
    working with the fishing and boating industry to develop
    policies and procedures that protects marine life without
    limiting access to North Carolina's, and our nation's coastal
    waterways?
        Mr. Lutnick. An easy commitment.
        Senator Budd. Thank you. Mr. Chair.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Kim.

                      STATEMENT OF HON. ANDY KIM,
                      U.S. SENATOR FROM NEW JERSEY

        Senator Kim. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Mr. Lutnick, it is great
    to see you and your family. I just want to start, you know, I
    am representing the state of New Jersey, and I remember exactly
    where I was when I saw the towers come down and as you were
    talking, I just spent some time on this hearing, actually just
    kind of counting through of the people we lost in New Jersey,
    how many were from Cantor Fitzgerald and if I got my number
    right, it was over 230 New Jerseyans that worked for Cantor
    Fitzgerald, which is roughly about a third of the victims of
    New Jersey.
        So I just wanted to just express that with you. People in
    New Jersey certainly remember that day, will never forget it,
    and the work that you did and your colleagues did to try to
    help the victim families, I appreciate that.
        Mr. Lutnick. Thank you.
        Senator Kim. You know, it is still very much in that sense
    of national security. It was actually on that day that I
    decided I was going to dedicate the rest of my life to national
    security issues. And some of the things we have talked about
    today actually, you know, the goal is toward that direction.
    That is what brought the bipartisan CHIPS and Science Act
    together, was this sense that we are entering a new era of
    national security concerns.
        And so I guess, you know, I heard what you said about, you
    know, CHIPS and Science being an excellent down payment, but I
    guess I would like to just tease out and get a little bit more
    of a sense from you, just what you believe our role is in the
    U.S. Government when it comes to building up industries, trying
    to be competitive. You know, are you someone that sees a role
    for government investment directly, like we have in CHIPS and
    Science, or are you somebody that still believes it needs to be
    more hands off, more market driven in that kind of capacity?
    Can you give me a little insights on how you approach this?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think you gave the Department of Commerce
    the tools to bring domestic semiconductor manufacturing home.
    So I think it needed that jumpstart and you, in a bipartisan
    way, created that jumpstart. and so I believe it was necessary
    and important. And you are going to see this Department of
    Commerce bring domestic manufacturing of semiconductors, and
    then we are going to drive after that, the supply chain to the
    United States of America, drive it here. We are too reliant on
    Taiwan. We need to have, for national security, and for our
    business, we need to have that production in America.
        Senator Kim. I agree with that. I certainly want to see
    that manufacturing back and you know, Senator Budd and others
    were talking about DeepSeek, other types of concerns that we
    face, beyond just when it comes to semiconductor manufacturing,
    AI, and other types of technologies.
        So I guess what I am trying to think through, being a
    member of this committee and elsewhere is, you know, is there a
    2.0? You know, is there a 2.0 that we can build upon with CHIPS
    and Science, you know, have that kind of coalition and stay
    together. Maybe not necessarily specific on chips anymore, but
    on a different element of critical manufacturing or critical
    technology innovations. Would that be something you would be
    supportive of, you know, taking that kind of model of CHIPS and
    Science and applying it in a different sector?
        Mr. Lutnick. I do. I think my job is to give you the
    benefit of the bargain. You passed CHIPS and Science. My job is
    to bring domestic production of semiconductors home to America,
    and then we are going to attack the supply chain, so we have
    the full supply chain, so we can be independent from a national
    security perspective. So if I need help, I will come and talk
    to you about that, but first I need to execute what you have
    given me, which is CHIPS and Science. Let's go get you the
    benefit of the bargain. I am not the kind of person to come and
    ask for more appropriations if we have not delivered the first
    time.
        Senator Kim. Well, I hope this is something we can work on
    together, if you are confirmed, because I think it is
    important. On top of that, I mean look, I will say you have a
    job, not just selling things to the American people, but I hope
    as you engage with the President, I am not positive where he
    stands on CHIPS and Science, I will be honest with you. But
    some of what I hear, that he calls it a bad deal, called it a
    ridiculous program. I am hoping that you and others can try to
    help engage there and see what it is we can do to try and move
    this in a different direction.
        Just one last thing before I conclude here, when you talked
    about tariffs, you talked about across the board, country by
    country, but I guess I want to ask you, especially when it
    comes to country by country, is there a prioritization list?
    You know, are you distinguishing between allies and
    adversaries? Because as I started this question about China
    being an overarching concern that all of us have, you know, why
    aren't we prioritizing predominantly on China, especially when
    we have to consider whether or not we are going to use
    multilateral tools when it comes to terrorists, that will allow
    us to magnify our own effectiveness going up against such a
    large economy like China. Which, we are going to need our
    allies and our partners there, but are we burning those bridges
    if we are putting our tariffs targeting to our allies and our
    partners at this stage. So I just wanted your thoughts on that.
        Mr. Lutnick. I think Chinese tariffs should be the highest.
    Our adversaries should be the highest. But the fact that we
    Americans cannot sell an American car in Europe is just wrong,
    and it needs to be fixed. So while they are our ally, they are
    taking advantage of us, and they are disrespecting us, and I
    would like to see that end.
        Senator Kim. I have no problems with that sense of service,
    but I do ask as we go through this that we keep in mind just
    the tremendous threat that we are under right now, in terms of
    our economic national security. And with that I will yield back
    to the Chairman.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Schmitt.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. ERIC SCHMITT,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM MISSOURI

        Senator Schmitt. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Lutnick, it
    is great to see you. It is great to see your beautiful wife and
    your lovely family join you here today. Be very proud, and we
    are very fortunate as a country to have you step up, and your
    willingness to do this. Obviously your career has been laid out
    and your work in building a company, you should be very, very
    proud of and of course, after the events of 9/11, truly
    admirable.
        I also have seen your, this is, you have been very
    successful. It is not lost on me, your willingness to serve in
    this capacity, and I think it is a testament to how much you
    love this country. As we have had these conversations, I think
    that is your motivation here, which we appreciate. I know the
    people back home do.
        I do have to say something though. My Democrat friends on
    the other side of the aisle have suddenly found religion on
    following the law, like it is remarkable to me. The reason why
    we have the freeze on grant applications right now is because
    the Department of Commerce, outside of the law, interpreted it
    to say that you need to hire enough ex-convicts to build a
    CHIPS factory. The DEI required, that is why it is slowed down.
    One of the reasons why we do not have broadband laid in this
    country is because you require small contractors to have
    climate action plans.
        So spare me the outrage about suddenly now being concerned
    about following the law. The Biden administration was lawless.
    And through every agency, through every tentacle, through every
    artery, they infused this DEI stuff, they infused this climate
    activism stuff. And I agree with you, the Article I branch
    reigned supreme. We never voted on any of that stuff. We never
    voted on any of that stuff. So I look forward to you following
    the law as you have indicated that you will.
        I do want to touch on a couple of topics. Sorry, I was not
    going to do that but I am just sitting here, listening to this.
    Space. So I came into this chamber, in this body, two years
    ago. I never would have imagined that I would have been the
    Ranking Member of the Space and Science Committee, dealing with
    these commercial space issues, which are fascinating.
        America really is the innovator here, and you and I have
    talked about this. This is a real race. I mean, we are talking
    about AI, but this is a real race with China. They are serious
    about this. They are playing meaningfully in space. We are the
    leader right now. But if we did not have the competition we
    have in the private sector, we would not be talking about going
    to Mars in five years. And I know that we have talked about
    this, but in this public forum, that falls under your purview,
    how important it is to you. And also there is a small agency
    within the Department that I think we probably need to give it
    a little more prominence, that deals with these issues.
        Mr. Lutnick. I think space and the data that we can collect
    from space is fundamental to America. It is American
    innovation, but they have got to be American companies, right?
    It is vital that these are American companies, controlled by
    America, part of our oversight, is vital. I think we have got
    the lead. We have got to focus on it. We have got to encourage
    it. And I think it would be a great national asset of ours
    going forward.
        Senator Schmitt. I think, many people have touched on AI,
    and among armed services and commerce, you see kind of the
    military application, the commercial application, and I think a
    lot of people view it in separate buckets. But the truth is,
    for the Chinese Communist Party, everything is dual use,
    everything is dual use. And civilizations have come and gone
    because they lose the technology race in a military
    application. And I think that what we are talking about with
    AI, the energy that is required to go do this and the
    innovation, we are better innovators than them, they copy
    pretty well. But what we cannot allow them to do is be better
    innovators than us.
        And I think that this DeepSeek has been mentioned. It is
    possible that they used something called distillation, which is
    they use what we do really well, they ask--they have an
    algorithm that asks what we have--a million questions and
    essentially copy what we have done, to gain the advantage that
    they--it is possible. Like that is one explanation for what we
    saw.
        But my hope is that it is sort of a Sputnik moment for us,
    that our focus is less about controlling this, which some of
    the proposals we have seen in the last couple years are about
    controlling or locking in incumbents. I do not think we need to
    do that; that is the European model. But to really have real
    innovation here and not be distracted with sort of the woke AI.
    We saw this, you know, the Black George Washington stuff.
        I mean we cannot be distracted with this. Like this is the
    real deal. AI is the real race. And I know that you are very
    focused on this and you have talked about this, so I do not
    want to ask you the same question. But just as it relates to
    locking in incumbents, making sure we have really robust
    competition in space, can you talk a little bit about that with
    the time that I have left, which is none.
        Mr. Lutnick. We need to have the lead. We need to stay
    focused on it. We need to get the nonsense off the chart and
    just focus on raw, artificial intelligence, making us the
    leader, and have the standards that we are the leader. It is
    vital for us. And I think your points are very well made.
        Senator Schmitt. Look forward to working with you, Mr.
    Lutnick. Congrats.
        The Chairman. Following up with Senator Schmitt, I do not
    know if this is a Sputnik moment, but it is at minimum, a
    Lutnick moment. Senator Blunt Rochester.

                STATEMENT OF HON. LISA BLUNT ROCHESTER,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM DELAWARE

        Senator Blunt Rochester. Thank you, Chair Cruz, and Ranking
    Member Cantwell. I also want to thank you, Mr. Lutnick, for
    taking the time to meet with me in my office last week and I
    especially appreciated talking to you about the critical role
    that this Department plays in unleashing and promoting economic
    opportunity in our country and around the world. And as I
    shared with you, securing our supply chains and making them
    resilient is one of my top priorities, and I am proud to co-
    lead bipartisan legislation with Ranking Member Cantwell and
    Senator Blackburn. We introduced this week the Promoting
    Resilient Supply Chains Act, Senate S. 257 earlier this week,
    and I noted that in our conversation, you expressed a very high
    level of confidence in the effectiveness of the President's
    tariff agenda. But in what ways do you think imposing macro
    tariffs will impact our supply chains?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think it will bring--it will assist us in
    bringing supply chains home. We need those supply chains here.
    It is vital to our national interests for semiconductors. It is
    vital for us for pharmaceuticals. We have allowed our
    adversaries to take advantage of us, and even our allies to
    take advantage of us. It is time for us to take care of
    ourselves and I think tariffs will encourage companies to come
    back and build in America, which is something I think our
    workers need, and I think you and I agree.
        Senator Blunt Rochester. This was one of the major things
    that we focused on, as well, onshoring and nearshoring, when I
    led this in the House. But we also talked about this Department
    leading on mapping and monitoring threats to our supply chains
    and making them more resilient. Can I hear a commitment from
    you that you will, as the head of this Department should you
    get it, lead and focus on mapping and monitoring those threats?
        Mr. Lutnick. Easy to do. Yes.
        Senator Blunt Rochester. Senator Moran asked about
    exclusions, and you said that there were too many exclusions
    the first time that the Administration imposed tariffs, and you
    were just talking about drugs in particular. Are there
    exceptions that you would make? You said that there were way
    too many--like producing lifesaving drugs or drug components,
    is this an area where you would make exceptions?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think it needs to be studied. I think the
    right answer is, the President launched in his EO, substantial
    studies. Let's let those studies play out, and then I will come
    back and gladly talk to you about it.
        Senator Blunt Rochester. What we do know is that generic
    drugs are increasingly being produced overseas, and as a
    country we are facing drug shortages, active drugs, like 271 of
    them. So do you think that tariffs will increase the cost of
    drugs for Americans?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think one of the problems we see in drugs is
    that we are the innovator of drugs of the world. And all these
    other countries just disrespect us and basically force our
    companies to sell dirt cheap to them. I think if we address
    that model, drug prices in America will come down.
        Senator Blunt Rochester. One of my big concerns is the
    impact of the cost on the American people. The Peterson
    Institute for International Economics estimates that the
    President's proposal could result in $2,600 annual loss for
    middle class families. I am not going to ask you any more
    questions about tariffs, but I want to put a pin in that
    because that is really one of the main priorities for us, is
    making sure that people are safe and well, but that they can
    also afford to live.
        I am glad you support NOAA, you said it in our meeting; you
    also said it here. Just yes or no, will you maintain the
    programs at the Economic Development Administration, EDA?
        Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
        Senator Blunt Rochester. Yes or no, do you support
    dismantling the Minority Business Development Agency?
        Mr. Lutnick. I do not.
        Senator Blunt Rochester. Do you believe that the MBDA
    receives enough funding to carry out its mission successfully?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think it is small, so it is hard for it to
    be successful. It can be effective, but to be important to
    America, it is small. So you have to put things in sort of
    their size containment and it is a small agency, as you know.
        Senator Blunt Rochester. Thank you for sharing that, and
    would love to work with you on that. As former Secretary of
    Labor in Delaware, I think I shared with you, jobs are one of
    the most important things to me. I said if I had another middle
    name, it would be Lisa Blunt ``Jobs'' Rochester. It is that
    important to me. And this Department plays a critical role. It
    was mentioned that tech hubs are important to us in a
    bipartisan way, so your commitment to continue that bipartisan
    support for tech hubs, yes or no?
        Mr. Lutnick. Seems sensible. Yes.
        Senator Blunt Rochester. Seems sensible. And then also,
    another example of this kind of innovation is NIIMBL, which is
    a manufacturing USA institute based at the University of
    Delaware, focused on biomedical, bio-pharmaceutical
    manufacturing. Do you commit to supporting NIIMBL as it grows
    our biopharmaceutical manufacturing strength?
        Mr. Lutnick. I can commit to studying it. I do not know
    enough about it to----
        Senator Blunt Rochester. Maybe you could commit to coming
    to Delaware and visiting.
        Mr. Lutnick. I am happy to come to Delaware and visit.
        Senator Blunt Rochester. Thank you and I yield back.
        The Chairman. Thank you. And I want to thank Senator Curtis
    and Senator Moreno. They very kindly agreed to let Senator
    Sheehy skip the line because he has got to preside over the
    Senate in 20 minutes. So Senator Sheehy. I think that was wise
    discretion.

                     STATEMENT OF HON. TIM SHEEHY,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM MONTANA

        Senator Sheehy. Especially Columbian drug dealers. Thanks
    for stepping away from your business empire in order to come do
    this job. We need guys like you to get this country back on
    track.
        I do not like fish, so I am not going to talk about it. I
    am a beef guy. But AI is getting tons of press, getting lots of
    investment, that is great. But there are also industries we
    need, that have made this country great, and we need them in
    the future. How do we bring back industries, resource
    industries like mining, timber? How do we get them back on
    their feet, how do we attract capital in those industries, and
    how do we make America a leader in those industries again?
        Mr. Lutnick. We have chased those industries away with a
    regulatory environment that makes no sense to me. Why would we
    mine--we do not mine lithium in America. We want to have
    electric cars. Granted we all want clean air and clean water.
    But why do we mine, why do we have Australia mine lithium, with
    coal, put it on a supertanker, which pollutes the heck out of
    it, drive it all the way here, put it in trucks, and drive it
    across the United States of America, instead of mining it in
    the United States of America? It makes no sense at all. We need
    to change the regulatory environment and unleash America for
    the benefit of America.
        Senator Sheehy. There used to be 36 timber mills in Montana
    and now there are barely four and a half, and one is about to
    go under.
        Mr. Lutnick. Ridiculous. It is ridiculous.
        Senator Sheehy. And there would not be any AI if we did not
    have the components to build the chips and the processors we
    need, and we should be getting those here, in this country. So
    I think, you know, as probably the most powerful person
    regarding our economy, I am glad to hear you are ready to
    attack those issues.
        The greatest national security advantage we have had is not
    our military or our government or our Congress, it is our
    economy. We won World War II because of the economy. Right now
    we have a very consolidated and brittle defense industrial
    complex. Russia makes artillery shells I think ten times faster
    than we do for 8 percent the cost. China builds ships 30 times
    faster. How can you, in your new role, not just bring back
    manufacturing, but bring back defense manufacturing so we can
    be the arsenal of democracy in the next great war?
        Mr. Lutnick. The drive to do manufacturing and
    competitively, in America. You know, the American military
    industrial complex has been monopolies only to bring
    competition out, to bring drone manufacturing here. These are
    fundamentals that, what happens is I am just in the room and I
    can push for it. It is a commerce view of things. Let's get
    competition, let's get American ingenuity out there, let's get
    new people producing national security. Let's just unleash
    America for the benefit of America. I think we have been too
    constrained for too long. That is over. It needs to be all
    about American ingenuity, and I think if you unleash American
    ingenuity, you know, the scale by which we will outrun,
    outpace, outperform the rest of the world will be incredible.
        Senator Sheehy. And finally, back to the fish that I do not
    like. So NOAA, 70 plus percent of the Earth's surface is ocean.
    The bottom of the ocean has untold deposits of minerals, oil
    and gas, I mean resources that we have barely touched. I do not
    know how much you have thought about it, but I would be
    interested in just your thoughts on how you can leverage your
    position in Commerce and of course NOAA itself to expand
    undersea mining and resource extraction for the benefit of our
    economy?
        Mr. Lutnick. It is important for American national security
    that the key rare-earth minerals, we create ourself.
    Fortunately we have the greatest land in the world, and under
    our seas is the rest of whatever we do not have on land. We
    need to harvest it, we need to understand it, and we need to
    take care of America. We can. And that by the end of the Trump
    administration, we need to understand and take care of
    ourselves. Protect ourselves and take care of ourselves. It is
    vital.
        Senator Sheehy. Great. You are going to do a great job.
    Thank you.
        Mr. Lutnick. Thank you.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Lujan.

                   STATEMENT OF HON. BEN RAY LUJAN,
                      U.S. SENATOR FROM NEW MEXICO

        Senator Lujan. Mr. Lutnick, thank you so much for being
    with us today. Appreciated the conversation in our office as
    well. I am going to start on the subject, that it sounds like
    there has been a lot of conversation in the space. I apologize
    for not being here for your entire hearing. I was over in the
    Finance Committee hearing----
        Mr. Lutnick. The key is you are supposed to invite me to
    New Mexico, OK? This is the key.
        Senator Lujan. I appreciate that. Now, Mr. Lutnick, yes or
    no, do you believe that reaching truly universal access to
    high-speed Internet across the country is an important and
    possible goal to achieve?
        Mr. Lutnick. Sounds like a great goal.
        Senator Lujan. Yes or no, do you believe it is important
    that high-speed Internet is available at every school in
    America?
        Mr. Lutnick. Sounds very important to do.
        Senator Lujan. Do you believe that it can be done?
        Mr. Lutnick. I do. We are the greatest country on Earth.
    How can we not be able to do it?
        Senator Lujan. Will you commit to investing infrastructure
    to get it done?
        Mr. Lutnick. With all the tools I have available to me, I
    will do my best to try to get that done. That sounds like an
    excellent set of goals.
        Senator Lujan. If you are asked to cut that program by the
    President of the United States, will you----
        Mr. Lutnick. I work for him.
        Senator Lujan. Is your response that, if the President
    asked you to cut broadband infrastructure funding, that you
    will do that? Is that what I just heard?
        Mr. Lutnick. Again, I work for the President of the United
    States, and I am here to execute his policies. I think he
    agrees that broadband Internet to America is important.
    Efficiently and effectively delivered, I think he, in my
    conversations with him, he thinks that is important. Wasted
    money and abuse of our resources has got to end, but I think we
    can achieve your goals. And I think he agrees with me that he
    will allow me to achieve the goals that you have just
    suggested, which I agree with.
        Senator Lujan. I do not disagree that there should be
    efficiency and that we should stand up to fraud. My question to
    you is, if President Trump asks you to cut infrastructure
    funding, as passed by this Congress in a bipartisan way, to
    build out Internet to every school, as we both agree was an
    important issue, will you oppose that?
        Mr. Lutnick. I work for the President.
        Senator Lujan. Is that an answer saying yes, then you will
    cut it if asked by the President of the United States? It is a
    simple thing, sir. You have been in the boardroom a lot of
    times, Mr. Lutnick. I am not going back and forth with you. We
    have 5 minutes here, I will ask you in writing. We will keep
    going. It is not about trying to evade this. It is just a
    simple question. If you work for the President, and you are
    saying he gives you an order, you are going to do it. Is that
    the case, if you are told to cut the infrastructure money, as
    passed by this Congress when it comes to broadband? Yes or no?
        Mr. Lutnick. I will get with the lawyers of Commerce and I
    will do it correctly. But I believe my objective is to give you
    the benefit of the bargain. That is my objective. I have said
    that before. That means you have appropriated it, and my
    objective is to execute what has been appropriated. That is my
    objective. If the President has other objectives, I will sit
    down and talk with him about it. But my objectives, as I sit
    here today, are to execute and give you the benefit of the
    bargain, that which you have appropriated.
        Senator Lujan. Mr. Lutnick, I will slow down. If the
    President asks you to cut an infrastructure program, will you
    cut the program?
        Mr. Lutnick. I work for him. I will say it again and again
    and again, I work for the President of the United States.
        Senator Lujan. Mr. Lutnick, are you not going to answer
    that question?
        Mr. Lutnick. I am trying to answer the question.
        Senator Lujan. Yes or no?
        Mr. Lutnick. Yes, I work for the President of the United
    States.
        Senator Lujan. I appreciate you being cute with this, sir.
    It is not cute.
        Mr. Lutnick. I am not trying to be cute at all.
        Senator Lujan. Mr. Chairman, if I may, respond. It is not
    cute to the American people that do not have access to these
    programs, while they are being promised that AI is going to get
    tutoring to every student. Mr. Lutnick, it is not going to
    happen if people do not have connectivity. Mr. Kennedy was in
    the other room saying that every person in America is going to
    get the access of some AI doctor to help cure the cancers that
    they have got or whatever other critical illness they have. It
    is not cute. This is serious business. We are talking about
    carrying these programs out for the country. I understand you
    are a very successful person. We are asking very simple
    questions. And we had an incredible conversation in the office,
    incredible conversation, a very respectful one. This is not
    that. I just do not understand.
        Mr. Lutnick. Actually, I do not understand where we
    disagree.
        Senator Lujan. I am not asking for a response, Mr. Lutnick.
    I am not.
        Mr. Lutnick. OK.
        Senator Lujan. Mr. Chairman, one of the areas that we agree
    is that we should work on a bipartisan basis to get these
    things done. I have a reputation of being a bipartisan member
    in this office of working with my colleagues. I have supported
    several of these nominees. I came into this hearing with an
    open mind. Maybe I am the only Democrat that is going to say no
    right now. This is ridiculous. We have a responsibility to
    communicate to each other for the people that we work for. It
    is not just that you work for Donald Trump, sir. You work for
    the American people if you get this position. You told me that
    in my office. It is for the American people, to bring the
    genius that you have brought to your success, to deliver the
    grand bargain, to get things done. That is the conversation we
    had. I am beside myself with this little exchange. I truly am.
    I am just surprised.
        Mr. Chairman, I have gone over my time. I yield back.
    Disappointing.
        The Chairman. Thank you, Senator Lujan. I would note, for
    the record, having participated in dozens and dozens of
    confirmation hearings, I do not recall a single Cabinet nominee
    for Barack Obama testifying that he would defy an order for
    Barack Obama. I do not recall a single Cabinet nominee for Joe
    Biden testifying that he would defy a Cabinet order from
    President Joe Biden. And it is unsurprising that President
    Trump's Cabinet nominees are not interested in testifying that
    they intend to defy orders from President Trump.
        Senator Cantwell. [Inaudible.]
        Senator Lujan. Mr. Chairman, I do not disagree with that.
    But if the answer is no, then the answer is no. I apologize for
    interrupting the Ranking Member.
        Senator Cantwell. No, no, I think the Chairman is moving
    on. I will wait to the second round to ask this, larger
    illumination of this problem.
        The Chairman. Senator Curtis.

                    STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN CURTIS,
                         U.S. SENATOR FROM UTAH

        Senator Curtis. Well, that took a different turn. I was
    just about to brag that they save their best for last here on
    the Committee. And now we are down to three, and the Vice
    President rarely speaks in innuendos, but I think if you go
    back to his introduction when he pointed out this side of the
    room was where he sat, he was trying to imply the best minds in
    the Committee were over here on this side.
        So, I am just going to touch on this previous question for
    half a second. I do not want to spend a lot of time on it. But
    you and I talked about this in my office, because the geography
    in Utah. So, let me try to reframe a little bit what I think I
    heard from you in the office. Is it fair to assume you would
    like every student in America to have the resources they need
    to be successful in school?
        Mr. Lutnick. Of course.
        Senator Curtis. Is it at all possible that Congress did not
    get it perfectly right when we set standards for how we were
    going to get to those students? And is it fair to say what you
    are really after is the best way to get that to them,
    regardless if Congress got it right or not?
        Mr. Lutnick. Correct.
        Senator Curtis. OK. All right. Let me move on for just a
    minute. We talked about tech hubs, and I am sure all members
    would feel this way, but they are not here to defend
    themselves. We have the best tech hub in Utah, Silicon Slopes.
    It is this crazy bed of innovation, of entrepreneurship, and
    risk taking, and bright, sharp minds. And we have talked a
    little bit about these tech hubs and the support that they
    receive from the Federal Government, and I have heard you a
    couple times say you agree that we need to figure out how to
    support those from the government.
        So I want to double down that that is important to Utah.
    But I would tell you if they were here today, they would say,
    ``You know what's killing us? It is regulation and it is
    taxation.'' Can you talk for just a minute about how we not
    only support them with government problems, but we kind of stay
    out the way and let them be successful?
        Mr. Lutnick. I agree that it is a broad set of regulations
    that are holding back America. We need to unleash American
    ingenuity, get out of the way and let Americans be the most
    extraordinary people, which they are. And so I completely agree
    with you, that a lesser regulatory environment will unleash
    America, and we will be much, much better off with less of a
    hand on our head, holding us down, and more arms carrying us
    up. I think that is fundamental and important, and I think you
    are going to get that with the Trump administration.
        Senator Curtis. Thank you. And on your state tours, please
    put Utah on there. You and I will go to Silicon Slopes and have
    this conversation.
        Mr. Lutnick. That sounds fun to me.
        Senator Curtis. I have got a whole lot more I want to
    cover. I am just going to kind of go quickly. We talked a lot
    about this Chinese model that has been developed for artificial
    intelligence. And supposedly it has been done cheaper and
    better than the United States. And color me skeptical----
        Mr. Lutnick. Well, it is easy to be cheaper if you steal
    it.
        Senator Curtis. Right. And so my question is, how do we
    finally get to accountability for this? Because I want a really
    productive relationship with China, but as long as there is no
    accountability, we cannot have that. How do you, in your role,
    how do we get to accountability on this? And then, second, can
    we acknowledge this is TikTok on steroids, right? If we are
    worried about the influence of the CCP on America with TikTok,
    this is on steroids. Can you just address both of those
    quickly?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think the first answer is reciprocity with
    China. How you treat us is how you should expect to be treated
    by us. I think we have let them off the hook for far too long.
    They treat us horrifically in China, and yet we let them ride
    roughshod over us here. That needs to end. I think the term
    reciprocity, which sounds fair, would show that they are
    treating us horribly. So, that is the first step, I think. A
    good word for this Administration to repeat endlessly,
    reciprocity. Treat others the way they treat us.
        Senator Curtis. It was earlier mentioned the Artificial
    Intelligence Safety Institute that is underneath you. And if
    that needs a new life and new legs, I would love to work with
    the Senate and yourself to give you the tools that you need to
    do exactly that.
        Finally, when you were in my office, we talked about
    tariffs. And just want to double down on a couple points we
    talked about that day. They are disproportionately hard on
    small business. And we talked about perhaps longer runways for
    small business and things like that. And I just want to see if
    you have any thoughts that have matured on that. And how do we
    do the goals the President have with tariffs, but also kind of
    watch out for our small businesses?
        Mr. Lutnick. Well, you laid that out when we talked in your
    office. And I will make sure that that is a key part of our
    studies, that we think about small businesses and the importers
    of those small businesses and how best to find our way to be
    acceptable to them in the model.
        Senator Curtis. Good. And just for those that were not in
    that meeting, part of the conversation was can we have a longer
    runway for small business to meet those obligations, because it
    is harder for them to pivot, and I look forward to your
    discussions on that.
        And finally, just on tariffs, before I run out of time, I
    will just comment, and we will not have time for your response.
    But this concept of they will make prices go up, but we have to
    think about Americans. If we are demanding of our businesses,
    that they meet emission regulations, and if we are demanding
    that they meet OSHA regulations and human right regulations,
    and we are not demanding it of somebody else, we either need to
    stop demanding it here or demand it of them.
        And with that, I am unfortunately out of time, and I need
    to yield my time back.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Hickenlooper.

                 STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN HICKENLOOPER,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM COLORADO

        Senator Hickenlooper. Great. And I appreciate Senator
    Curtis referring to the last three as being the best, saving
    the best for last. Although, I bumped you out of that bottom
    three.
        [Laughter.]
        Senator Hickenlooper. I apologize for that. Mr. Lutnick,
    thank you for your time. Thanks for all that you have done. I
    think some of the stories of how you responded to not just the
    crisis of 9/11, but many crises in your life illuminates the
    kind of person you are. And I respect that.
        I have got a couple questions around Tether. I was here
    earlier when you talked about allowing, when you get AI in
    government, we can follow it pretty quickly. But we know that
    Russia has used it to buy drone parts and to avoid sanctions,
    that one of the main financiers for Iran had $100 million,
    moving it around using Tether. It is used in a lot of scams on
    Americans.
        What is the best way, in your sense, I mean, if we are
    going to try and limit and be efficient with government
    regulation, how do we try to crack down on these illicit uses
    of something like Tether? And what is your perspective? I am
    not trying to say that you should be held accountable. I am
    just trying to figure out how would you suggest, whether it is
    Commerce or Congress, how do we approach that?
        Mr. Lutnick. So we only know that illicit activity is done
    on the blockchain because it is done on the blockchain,
    meaning, when these same illicit characters use dollars or
    euros, we do not know about it. You remember when we went into
    Iraq, we found pallets of $100 bills. So the way to do it is to
    require that anyone that who is a U.S.-backed stablecoin must
    onboard U.S. law enforcement, and must allow U.S. law
    enforcement and our AI tools into their models so that we can
    go find and catch the illicit activity.
        Because remember, it is a central book. That means it can
    be found. It can be traced. Our AI tools will rip illicit
    activity out of stablecoins within a year or two. Our
    technology on their blockchain will end it, and that is what we
    should require. Makes perfect sense.
        Senator Hickenlooper. And so, you will collaborate, work
    with us in terms of creating that kind of legislation and rule
    in law?
        Mr. Lutnick. Absolutely.
        Senator Hickenlooper. Right. I think one of the arguments
    also, and we do not have to go into this, but is to open a bank
    account, people have to know who you are to sign up, and to
    receive and trade Tether, there is really no easy way to know
    who people are in that context. At the beginning. Eventually
    you know.
        Mr. Lutnick. Well, Tether only--the stablecoin issuers only
    issue to KYC-approved people. But what happens is, it is like
    dollars, I can withdraw it out of the bank, but when I buy
    something, it goes on and on, and on, and on. So it is really
    the secondary market that is, you know, people are just using
    an electronic dollar in the same way they use a real dollar.
    And it is much easier to catch an electronic dollar than it
    ever would be to catch a physical dollar. Much better.
        Senator Hickenlooper. Got it. Got it. I will not go through
    the tech hubs thing because I know that Senator Curtis was
    adamant that they had, perhaps, the best hub in the Mountain
    West. I just want to point out that Elevate Quantum, which
    includes several Rocky Mountain states, is a tech hub that we
    want to make sure that you come out. Don't just visit Utah. It
    is a lovely place. Skiing is not quite the same as Colorado's,
    but we want to make sure you get you, when you are coming out
    West, we want you to make multiple stops.
        I have done a lot of work on critical minerals. Obviously
    they are a fundamental building block for aerospace and clean
    energy, semiconductors, AI, go down the list. And whether you
    are talking about the extraction of minerals or the processing
    of those minerals, we are falling way behind. And the
    Department's International Trade Administration has a
    responsibility for growing our exports, overseeing trade, and
    really, I think, helping to secure supply chains, essential
    supply chains for these critical minerals. How would you work
    to ensure that we have sufficient sourcing and processing
    capabilities in this country?
        Mr. Lutnick. We have got to reduce the regulatory burdens
    on your miners so that they can mine those critical materials
    for America. We need to bring domestic mining back. We cannot
    stop mining in America and buying it overseas. It is not
    healthy for us from a national security perspective, and it is
    not healthy for your domestic economy. So, I think we are
    supposed to be mining in Colorado. It is an amazing place that
    has got incredible resources, and we need to bring those
    resources for the use of America and improve the economy of
    Colorado, but also improve the national security of America.
        Senator Hickenlooper. Great. And if I could just have 20
    seconds. In terms of that critical--and I agree with you
    completely, and it is also the environmental in other countries
    when they are extracting and processing these minerals, their
    environmental standards are a fraction of what we require in
    this country.
        Mr. Lutnick. Exactly.
        Senator Hickenlooper. Are you in favor, do you see a
    possibility for some sort of a tariff system like what Senator
    Curtis was referring to, based on the environmental
    depredations that come from processing and extracting minerals
    in foreign countries that have those standards and what that
    does to the atmosphere that we all utilize?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think that is a key. It should be a part of
    the study, for sure, is that someone else is mining with coal
    and spewing it into the air. And we are worried about the fact
    that we would do it 100 times better for the atmosphere. But
    instead, we do not do it, we buy it from them. They spew it in
    the air, and then they put it on a tanker and drive it to us
    and pollute all the way across.
        It seems, if you take it as a whole, illogical. We should
    be doing it in Colorado. We should be mining in Nevada. We
    should be mining--all right, we had a great lithium find in
    Arkansas. We have the Iron Range. America is amazing, but we
    are not using our assets to the best that we possibly can, and
    it is time that we do.
        Senator Hickenlooper. OK. So you would support some of
    tariff to actually accelerate that process?
        Mr. Lutnick. Sounds smart.
        Senator Hickenlooper. Great, thank you. I yield the floor.
        The Chairman. Thank you. And Senator Moreno has kindly
    agreed to let Senator Lummis go ahead. So, Senator Lummis.

                   STATEMENT OF HON. CYNTHIA LUMMIS,
                       U.S. SENATOR FROM WYOMING

        Senator Lummis. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Welcome, Mr.
    Lutnick. First of all, I want to thank you for your generosity
    to Haverford College. As you know, my daughter is a graduate of
    Haverford College. You were the Chairman of the Board while she
    was a student there, and your generosity to that school is
    exceptional. I have never seen anything like it, and so I want
    to start there.
        I also want to ask this question in the form of a request,
    and that is that you will not only advise the President of the
    United States about ways we can improve our economic standing,
    our jobs, our manufacturing, but you will inform this committee
    and its members of ways that we can help make that happen.
        Case in point, the semiconductor industry has estimated a
    need for 115,000 additional workers by 2030 to meet the CHIPS
    Act goals. But what is happening is there were mandates for DEI
    within the CHIPS Act that is preventing the CHIPS Act from
    functioning as it was designed.
        There is a company called Taiwan Semiconductor
    Manufacturing Company that is been trying to build
    semiconductor manufacturing in Arizona. But the DEI
    requirements, that are ongoing, that mandate the workforce that
    they must have simply cannot be met. So they have faced
    significant delays in staffing their facility due to a lack of
    specialized workers in the U.S., particularly those from
    underrepresented groups. In addition, the DEI requirements also
    extend beyond workforce composition to include partnerships
    with minority service institutions and diverse suppliers.
        In other words, these companies that we want in this
    country to change the trajectory of the development of
    semiconductors, so we can do it in the United States, cannot do
    it because of the additional requirements, the layers of
    bureaucracy that we placed on them in the very CHIPS Act that
    was designed to help our country move forward.
        Some of these delays have caused that company, as one, to
    go overseas. And they are finding, for example, that in Japan
    they can break ground and complete a facility and begin
    producing way before they can do it in the United States. The
    Japanese government provided clear financial incentives without
    attaching extensive social mandates. And they are also
    exploring expansion in Germany and other countries that have
    fewer regulatory hurdles.
        So my request is this. It is not just DEI. It is
    environmental requirements, it is labor requirements, and so
    many myriad of well-intentioned hurdles that we have placed,
    when we give with one hand incentives to create an industry in
    the United States, to bring back manufacturing the United
    States, and then the other hand takes it away. And I am asking
    you to help us identify where we have created hurdles to our
    own manufacturing advancement, our own ability to excel and
    achieve in using AI, in using chip manufacturing, in using our
    superior force of nature. You were called a force of nature.
    You are a force of nature. I know you; you are a force of
    nature. So many Americans are, and yet we throw these hurdles
    up for ourselves. And I just want to ask you, please, help us
    get out of our own way.
        Mr. Lutnick. Easy for me to commit to.
        Senator Lummis. Thank you. I look forward to supporting
    your nomination. I yield back.
        Mr. Lutnick. Thank you.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Moreno.

                   STATEMENT OF HON. BERNIE MORENO,
                         U.S. SENATOR FROM OHIO

        Senator Moreno. I am over here. There is no more over
    there, nice. Thank you for being here. Question number one, do
    you still want the job?
        [Laughter.]
        Mr. Lutnick. I do.
        Senator Moreno. I can tell you do, actually. I think you
    are in a position where you could literally do anything you
    want in your life. I think if the 23-year-old Howard Lutnick
    was sitting here today, I do not think he could have ever
    imagined it.
        Mr. Lutnick. Could not possibly.
        Senator Moreno. And yet, you are choosing to serve this
    country. And you are making a great sacrifice to do that. For
    some of us, myself, I ran for office, I also divested of all my
    holdings. Not quite as many as yours or as complex as yours, to
    point that out. But to do that is a great sacrifice, and it
    shows how much you really care about this country. So thank you
    for that.
        My question is this, in your career, give us a sense of
    scale of how many deals you have made.
        Mr. Lutnick. Oh, thousands.
        Senator Moreno. And maybe a couple bad ones that you
    learned from, right? You just do not do the bad ones twice.
        Mr. Lutnick. Sadly true.
        Senator Moreno. Right? As long as you do not repeat the
    same mistake, it is all good, right? Imagine a scenario in
    which you are a European car manufacturer, and you ship that
    car into America, completely tariff free. It is a car that is
    extremely expensive, targeted at very wealthy people, but it
    happens to be an electric vehicle. I will give the example of a
    Rolls-Royce Spectre. I am sure you have lots of friends that
    have those. It is a fully electric Rolls-Royce vehicle. Could
    you imagine that the U.S. Government subsidizes that car and
    leases to the tune of $7,500? Is that a good deal?
        Mr. Lutnick. Are you joking?
        Senator Moreno. It is a true story.
        Mr. Lutnick. OK, we have to end that. How about we end that
    now. How about we end that as fast as we possibly can? How
    about they should pay America an extra 7,500 bucks just for
    being that rich. What do you think?
        Senator Moreno. Well, all of our Democrat colleagues voted
    for that bill. The Inflation Reduction Act allows luxury
    European automobiles that aren't even remotely made in America
    to get $7,500 if they are leased.
        Now, imagine a Cadillac with a big, good old American V-8
    engine gets tariffed on the way to Europe, let alone been given
    a subsidy. You consider that to be a good example of terrible
    reciprocity with our allies?
        Mr. Lutnick. Right. That is the example of the failed
    industrial policy of the United States of America. It is a
    failed industrial policy that needs to be changed, and needs to
    be changed now. That is an American-first, that is what America
    First means, exactly what you are pointing out. Help us here
    stop having anyone else treat us so poorly.
        Senator Moreno. And obviously, the car industry is near and
    dear to my heart. The only commitment I ask for you, of course,
    you have to visit Ohio. You know, national champion football
    team, right? Don't ask about our professional sports, please.
    But I will have you come to Ohio and see the largest
    semiconductor manufacturing facility going up in Columbus. I
    think that this is a good example of what you will change in
    the Commerce Department. Because to have a good strategy with
    bad implementation is a terrible deal. And so I look forward to
    having you there to help us get that plant implemented quicker
    and more efficiently. So, would love to have you come to Ohio.
        Mr. Lutnick. Ohio is great, has a great history of
    manufacturing. And we have got to bring that manufacturing back
    to Ohio and to United States of America. It has to come back,
    and I am committed to that.
        Senator Moreno. And one last line of questioning. There
    have been a lot of comments about tariffs raising prices and
    causing inflation. Before doing this, you obviously were deep
    into the financial markets. So during the period of time of
    2017 through the end of President Trump's term, how would you
    describe inflation?
        Mr. Lutnick. It was virtually none.
        Senator Moreno. So, virtually none, historically low. And
    from the moment Joe Biden came in office and started fiscal
    stimulus unlike anything I have ever seen in my lifetime, how
    would you describe inflation?
        Mr. Lutnick. Massively high.
        Senator Moreno. Now, those were not done unilaterally by
    Joe Biden, right? Those bills were not just magically created
    by Joe Biden? They originated here in Congress?
        Mr. Lutnick. They did.
        Senator Moreno. So maybe I would ask that my Democrat
    colleagues sit this one out when they are talking about what is
    going to happen with inflation over the next four years. And
    with that, I will yield my time back.
        The Chairman. Thank you, Senator Moreno. And I will say, I
    appreciate Senator Moreno's very kind offer to provide those
    Rolls-Royces to all the members of this committee. And we will
    happily go to Ohio to pick them up.
        All right, we are going to do another round. I think there
    are just a couple of us that are going to have some more
    questions, and so hopefully you will be out of here very soon.
        But let me start with this. In August of last year, I wrote
    to NOAA asking for information about its promotion of faux
    educational materials designed to fuel climate alarmism and
    manufacture support for left-wing goals. For instance, NOAA
    pushed a, quote, ``Climate Emotions Wheel,'' activity based on
    the work of a Finnish ecotheologian, whatever the hell that is,
    which encouraged students to, quote, ``navigate their emotions
    before and after engaging in climate action.''
        As the curriculum funded by NOAA openly states, quote,
    ``The goal is not to eliminate negative emotions because,''
    quote, ``those who experience negative emotions about climate
    change are more likely to engage in climate action.'' Seems
    that one goal of the NOAA curriculum is to generate feelings of
    fear and anxiety rather than to educate.
        I asked for the documents behind this, and NOAA refused to
    provide them. Mr. Lutnick, if you are confirmed, will you
    commit to providing the documents that I requested from NOAA?
        Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
        The Chairman. Thank you. All right, let's turn to
    artificial intelligence. NIST is the non-regulatory Federal
    agency and the lead national laboratory for providing the
    measurements and standards that underpin U.S. commerce. Success
    in the increasingly fierce competition for global leadership in
    critical emerging technology like AI relies in part on how well
    each country's respective firms and experts influence the
    development of technical standards.
        Unfortunately, under the Biden Administration, NIST's
    mission was undermined by the creation of the AI Safety
    Institute, which politicized AI standards. The AI Safety
    Institute took the worst lessons from the EU tech regulation,
    like requiring climate change assessments and, quote,
    ``misinformation as part of,'' quote, ``measuring AI and its
    risks.''
        When you are confirmed, will you return NIST's focus to the
    scientific mission of measurement science and ensure that
    NIST's AI standard guidance is based on scientific technical
    standards and not simply a Trojan horse for social policy or
    importing the EU's tech agenda?
        Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
        The Chairman. All right, let's turn to BEAD. You have had a
    lot of questions about BEAD. After nearly 4 years, the Biden
    administration did not connect a single American through the
    $42 billion BEAD program. Instead, it hoarded nearly $1 billion
    in administrative funding to impose unnecessary burdens on
    states and to push extreme left-wing social policies, like
    climate change and rate regulation, and fund otter ponds at the
    D.C. Zoo. Again, otter ponds is what their broadband funding
    went to.
        When I flagged these failures over a year ago, the
    Department ignored solutions to expedite access and to end
    BEAD's extreme bias against wireless and satellite technology.
    This red tape has not only stalled the development of the
    program, it has inflated the cost of expanding Internet access.
        Will you commit to working with my office to conduct a
    thorough review of this program and to refocus it on Congress'
    core objective of deploying high-speed Internet to unserved
    area in a tech-neutral matter and not to pursuing extraneous or
    partisan social goals?
        Mr. Lutnick. Yes, I would be happy to.
        The Chairman. And finally, Congress created the Tech Hubs
    Program under the CHIPS and Sciences Act, the target areas that
    will advance technological innovation that allow us to compete
    globally. Unsurprisingly, under the Biden administration, the
    Tech Hubs Program became just another piggy bank for low-
    performing blue states.
        For instance, the first round of funding went toward,
    quote, ``sustainable climate-ready infrastructure'' and, quote,
    ``clean energy supply chain Tech Hubs.'' Six days before
    leaving office, the Biden administration pulled out an
    industrial-sized shovel and was shoveling as much money out the
    door as they could, including announcing nearly $210 million in
    additional awards, six days before they left.
        Once again, Texas received zero, nada, even though it has a
    designated semiconductor hub and a booming tech industry. Will
    you commit to reviewing the Tech Hubs Program and restoring
    competitive, merit-based review processes across the Department
    rather than political cronyism?
        Mr. Lutnick. Yes.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Cantwell. Senator
    Klobuchar.
        Senator Klobuchar. Thank you very much. Thank you, Mr.
    Chair. Thank you, Senator Cantwell. While we were sitting here,
    actually, it appears that Mr. Vaeth, the unknown bureaucrat to
    me in the Office of Management and Budget, has withdrawn the
    memo, the two-page memo for the freeze. So that will hopefully
    open up the ability for you, if you are confirmed, to
    distribute this funding.
        I do want to just follow up in a different way on the
    questions that Senator Lujan was asking. If a court finds that
    the President or someone does something illegal, will you
    respect that court's order?
        Mr. Lutnick. Of course.
        Senator Klobuchar. OK, thank you. So when we were in
    office, I had deferred to Senator Cantwell on some of the
    conflicts issues, and I appreciated some of them that she
    raised. But since that time, I am particularly interested in
    Scandinavia because of my state. We have a lot of connections
    there and going way back to Walter Mondale and we have had
    Ambassadors to Scandinavia, and I have actually personally been
    to Greenland. So maybe more than some of the other Senators, I
    have been very much interested for a number of years in former
    and now current President Trump's focus on Greenland. And I
    know that Cantor Fitzgerald had an interest, major interest,
    would that be a fair way to say it----
        Mr. Lutnick. No.
        Senator Klobuchar. No?
        Mr. Lutnick. No.
        Senator Klobuchar. I am just reading this in The New York
    Times so maybe they are wrong.
        Mr. Lutnick. Oh, sorry.
        Senator Klobuchar. I know you have divested. OK, I start
    with that. But so explain to me the Cantor Fitzgerald-Greenland
    connection?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think Cantor Fitzgerald took a mining
    company public and in lieu of its fees, it took some shares.
    But minor, teeny from the view of Cantor Fitzgerald writ large
    would be the way to think about it. I think I was informed
    that. Meanwhile, I did not know we had it until yesterday, by
    the way, I did not know, but I was informed that it was just in
    lieu of fees, they took some shares.
        Senator Klobuchar. And now you have divested yourself, but
    your family has an interest in it, which I assume is okay under
    the ethic laws, not in the assets. What is that transfer?
        Mr. Lutnick. The right answer is I plan to divest upon my
    confirmation and I will have sold everything and I will have no
    business assets and no business interest and I will have no
    conflict as agreed with the Office of Government Ethics.
        Senator Klobuchar. OK. But one thing, so that is that
    scene. But then we have the fact that the President has been
    pressuring Denmark to sell Greenland to the U.S. That is
    correct, right?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think he has had such conversations. I think
    that is right.
        Senator Klobuchar. And the Prime Minister, I just see them
    as such a key ally, the Scandinavian countries, for many
    reasons. But the Prime Minister said, ``No, Greenland's not for
    sale.'' Right?
        Mr. Lutnick. I did not speak to the Prime Minister.
        Senator Klobuchar. OK. And have you discussed mining in
    Greenland with the President?
        Mr. Lutnick. Absolutely not.
        Senator Klobuchar. OK. And would you see that the interest
    for whatever interest Cantor Fitzgerald has in mining or other
    companies have that if America bought Greenland or somehow
    obtained Greenland, that that would be more favorable to those
    terms of the mining?
        Mr. Lutnick. I doubt it, but I would not have the foggiest
    idea. It would be irrelevant. It has to be irrelevant.
        Senator Klobuchar. OK. I think it is relevant when you have
    a President----
        Mr. Lutnick. No, no, no.
        Senator Klobuchar.--trying to expand into another country
    like of our allies and trying to pressure them.
        Mr. Lutnick. That is not what I said.
        Senator Klobuchar. I think it is relevant to our commerce,
    to our national security and the likes.
        Mr. Lutnick. Well, I am sorry. That is not what I meant. I
    meant the economics of it are irrelevant to Cantor. I was not
    talking at all about this. Sorry, I did not mean that even the
    slightest.
        Senator Klobuchar. OK, I will follow up on some of this in
    writing. Just the last two questions. Senator Moran raised
    travel and tourism. He and I lead that caucus together. And
    Senator Blunt and I worked to create this Brand USA, which
    allows our American companies--it is paid for not by government
    money. It is paid for by private money, leveraged, hotels and
    the like, leveraged with visa fees that foreign visitors pay
    when they come, and we have used that to promote our Nation as
    a whole for tourism. We have seen some really positive results
    because before that maybe Vegas or New York City would do it,
    but not the rest of the country. And I just hope that you will
    work to strengthen programs like Brand USA and other tourism
    work that we do, as Jerry mentioned, Senator Moran mentioned
    with the Olympics coming and the like.
        Mr. Lutnick. I will.
        Senator Klobuchar. OK, thank you. Last thing, human
    trafficking. This is a big priority of mine and several people
    on this committee. Under the last administration, the
    Department of Commerce collaborated with other Federal
    agencies, community partners, advocates, and individuals to
    raise awareness. If confirmed, what will you do to fight human
    trafficking in our supply chains and economy?
        Mr. Lutnick. Everything I possibly can.
        Senator Klobuchar. OK, thank you. One last thing. National
    Weather Service, part of NOAA. Will you work to maintain the
    National Weather Service? Very key in my state.
        Mr. Lutnick. I will. I think we can deliver the product
    more efficiently and less expensively, dramatically less
    expensively, but the outcome of delivering those services
    should not be changed.
        Senator Klobuchar. Thank you.
        Senator Cantwell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. We are going
    fast now because I think we have a vote. Mr. Lutnick, I just
    want to clarify a couple of things that have come through the
    dais here as members have asked questions, and as Senator
    Klobuchar just said, the OMB memo that has raised such hackles
    and is confronting you and many of the other nominees has now
    been withdrawn. So that is good news.
        But in these conversations, one thing you said, and this is
    making a point, it is not about specificity, because I am not
    sure--when you are in these situations, you never know what the
    heck you say in the context, you said you wanted to bring drone
    manufacturing back to the United States. Now, in this
    particular case, the State of Washington has had a lot of
    startups in the drone area and they have grown into bigger
    companies and they have been acquired by Boeing. So it is a
    really great example of exactly what we are trying to do. It is
    a really great example of your quote, ``unleash American
    ingenuity,'' which I wholeheartedly agree with.
        So when you come to this probably lesser known aspect or
    lesser understood aspect of CHIPS and Science, really, it
    started as the third bill that this committee has passed over
    decades under the auspices of a moniker, ``America competes.''
    And so the concept is, what do we need to do? And as a
    technology age and an R&D age where universities were
    publishing and everybody was reading our publishings, we were
    not patenting enough and we were not translating science fast
    enough for America's competitiveness.
        And so the other aspect of CHIPS and Science is the tech
    hubs, as my colleagues have brought up, several people have
    brought these up. And so we just want to get clarity on your
    opinion about that kind of activity. Forget for a second the
    individual ones. I can make a very big case for why, in
    aerospace, one of our largest exports, if we do not climb the
    next hill on material science and win that race, it is going to
    be very bad for the United States. So you do want to test bed
    large-scale R&D that does not get done by the private sector
    because it cannot. It just cannot. It cannot scale at that
    level.
        So when you talked about the efforts of semiconductors, you
    said, ``Yes, I support getting the money out the door.'' And so
    now on the tech hubs, we are trying to understand, do you
    believe in this translational science effort that is about
    trying to--in fact, I will never forget Raimondo coming to
    Seattle and they said, ``Tell us where you are going and we
    will follow.'' And we looked at each other, like what are they
    talking about? Tell us where you are going. And the people in
    Seattle said it is too expensive to do all the innovation that
    we need to do in America, in Seattle, in Silicon Valley, and
    other places. So the point is, we got to spread it out. We have
    to go get places to do this kind of work.
        So I just want to understand, do you believe in that? Do
    you believe in us funding that kind of R&D test bed scaling of
    important manufacturing competitiveness issues?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think American ingenuity exists strongly
    across the country, and we should find it and we should harness
    it and we should unleash it. And that means working in each
    state and really trying to find the best and the brightest. And
    I think if the tech hubs can bring that out and they can come
    together and show the government, the Federal Government, that
    they can do it, then I think it is very worthwhile.
        Senator Cantwell. So you will be an advocate for those
    things and you will not try to withhold the funds that have
    already been allocated?
        Mr. Lutnick. I would not.
        Senator Cantwell. OK. My colleague asked about the AI
    Safety Institute. Will you work with myself and Senator Young
    and Senator Cruz on an AI Safety Institute that we can get over
    the goal line that people feel good about?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think we talked about AI standards, which
    are fundamental, and I would be delighted to work with your
    office to try to come up with a model and method for the
    foundation of American AI standards that drive it out. And that
    is why I think it is standards, not safety. They may end up
    with the exact same concept, but I am a proponent of standards.
        Senator Cantwell. Well, you will have a big standards job
    in the fact that you have NIST. The notion here is that you are
    trying to get commonality. I certainly agree with Senator Cruz.
    America should not be pegging its horse to what happens in
    Europe. In fact, I think a better approach is for us to have
    our--that is why I want a privacy law. I do not want to create
    a bureaucracy. I want a strong bright line on the books.
        So in this case, what we need for the industry to grow is
    for NIST and Commerce to do its job. And so I am glad that you
    will work with all of us to do that because that is critically
    important.
        OK. The hearing was a few minutes old and a headline popped
    up. ``Lutnick Eager to Tap Pentagon Spectrum for Commercial
    Use.'' Is that good with you, or do you want to refine that? Do
    you want to refine that?
        Mr. Lutnick. Was I here?
        Senator Cantwell. Yes.
        Mr. Lutnick. That is what I said?
        Senator Cantwell. Yes, apparently. Yep.
        Mr. Lutnick. OK.
        Senator Cantwell. So is that accurate? Is that accurate? I
    guess let's just say that. Is that accurate?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think what would be the best way to say it
    would be working closely with the Department of Defense to make
    sure we protect our national security. If we can find spectrum
    that we can use to enhance the United States of America,
    generational spectrum is important. Let's work together. Let's
    unleash the spectrum if we can. We have got to protect the
    defense industry, but we cannot just sleep through it. We have
    got to make sure we use that spectrum to the best it can be for
    America.
        Senator Cantwell. And I think what happened is that the
    Department, NTIA, under the Secretary of Commerce, led a big
    DoD discussion and tried to get people commonality around
    dynamic spectrum sharing. And I think it holds a lot of
    promise. But yes, we all have to cooperate. And then I think
    there are some who just say, just turn it all over. And I think
    our colleagues are split on this.
        And so I want a resolution. I did not coin this, but
    collaboration is the next phase of innovation. OK. It is a TED
    Talk done by somebody that I respected. And the point is, not
    this Ted, another TED, but you could give your own TED Talk--
    the TED Talk, and this is years ago, this is years ago, in an
    information age, you have a lot of information, but if you do
    not get around a table and agree, you cannot get it
    implemented.
        And so that is where the United States needs to go. We need
    to collaborate on what we agree should move forward on the
    innovation. So I hope that on this point where so much is at
    stake with 5G and 6G in deployment, look, manufacturing is
    growing in my state, and I am telling you, CHIPS and Science is
    part of it. And we did not get billions like some other states.
    But manufacturing. Why? Because AI is meeting manufacturing
    and, in my state, cheap electricity. So we want this
    renaissance of manufacturing in the United States of America. I
    disagree with my colleague from Ohio because we worked on this,
    and I can tell you that, that investment is what is helping us.
    CHIPS and Science is what is helping us grow the manufacturing
    base.
        So anyway, I hope that you will work with us to create that
    level of collaboration around facts and information so that we
    can keep moving forward on this.
        Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
        The Chairman. Thank you. Senator Markey.
        Senator Markey. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I want to come
    back to broadband. In the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law,
    Congress invested $40 billion to ensure all Americans benefit
    from the digital revolution. And the vast majority of that
    money will go toward ensuring that all Americans, inner-city
    and rural, have access to high-speed broadband. But will you
    faithfully execute the dispensing of that $40 billion, Mr.
    Lutnick?
        Mr. Lutnick. I have said the goals are right. I will try to
    get you the benefit of the bargain. Yes, I will do it as
    efficiently and as effectively as we can.
        Senator Markey. I appreciate it. And I am going to repeat
    again, the bargain was one between Democrats and Republicans on
    this committee. Republicans largely wanted it to go to rural
    America. We largely wanted it to go to urban America. That is a
    bargain. It is not separable. It is a law.
        Mr. Lutnick. Oh, I agree.
        Senator Markey. OK.
        Mr. Lutnick. I said yes, I am just going to try to do it
    efficiently and effectively.
        Senator Markey. We just need it to be faithfully executed,
    given the OMB designee saying that he wants to protect against
    Marxism in our country in the budget. And I know he is dead
    serious and we are dead serious about our bargains as well. But
    that $40 billion is important to ensure access for everyone.
    But such access has limited value if Americans do not have the
    skills or the knowledge to participate in that online world. So
    fortunately, Congress thought ahead and also provided $3
    billion across three programs for precisely that type of
    education for all Americans to take advantage of broadband.
        Will you faithfully execute and implement those programs,
    Mr. Lutnick?
        Mr. Lutnick. What you have appropriated efficiently and
    effectively, I will.
        Senator Markey. Yes, it is the bargain. It is the bargain
    between the haves and those who want to get a piece of the
    action too. But you got to educate. That is your job to execute
    that.
        On the CHIPS Act, over the past several years, the Commerce
    Department has worked quickly to issue grants under this
    program. Mr. Lutnick, will you commit to honor the CHIPS grant
    contracts that have been finalized?
        Mr. Lutnick. I would have to read them and analyze them and
    understand them to commit to that.
        Senator Markey. Well, they are finalized, the bargain was
    here, us providing the money, and then the bargain was the
    contract that got signed.
        Mr. Lutnick. Well, how do you know the contract that was
    signed was the bargain? I do not know that. So I cannot--I just
    cannot testify to it.
        Senator Markey. I am only talking about the contracts that
    have been finalized. That is the only contracts I am talking
    about now. Will you honor them?
        Mr. Lutnick. I cannot say that I can honor something I have
    not read. I will read it and I can happily sit with you after I
    have read it and discuss it with you.
        Senator Markey. Well, again, it is just honoring contracts
    that have been made, and that is the bargain. I wish that you
    could give us more certainty on that because the companies made
    a variety of commitments in their community impact reports. As
    you pay out CHIPS Act awards, will you commit to enforcing the
    commitments that these community impact reports require?
        Mr. Lutnick. Sure. I will, to the extent monies have been
    disbursed, I will commit to rigorously enforcing the documents
    that have been signed by those companies to make sure we get
    the benefit of the bargain. If they have agreed to do things, I
    will rigorously enforce that.
        Senator Markey. That is the bargain, again. These
    commitments were made as part of final grant contracts. So it
    is unacceptable for then the government to come back and to
    simply ignore the terms of those agreements because it was a
    bargain, and they have to get the benefit of that contract,
    which they signed. And I am going to be very much looking
    forward to seeing how you implement that.
        And I will let you turn to just one final subject here,
    artificial intelligence. AI has infiltrated every sector of our
    economy. We talked about this in my office--housing,
    healthcare, employment, the criminal justice system, social
    media, the list goes on and on and on and on. It is going to be
    our society. And while AI innovation is important and we do
    want to use it to potentially find a cure for cancer and other
    diseases, that would be great.
        But we also have to make sure that the AI age does not
    supercharge preexisting bias and discrimination in our society
    using super algorithms to look at people in our society and
    then make it easier to discriminate against them. And earlier
    this year, you seemed to suggest that efforts to address
    discriminatory algorithms was, quote, ``nonsense.''
        So I would like to just have you expand a little bit. Is
    that accurate? Is that your view, that as we move forward to
    ensure that AI algorithms do not allow for greater
    discrimination on our society, that that is not nonsense to
    have that as our goal?
        Mr. Lutnick. I think AI standards set by America are
    fundamental, and we should set fundamental standards trying to
    be, as I said, we were incredibly successful with the Internet
    and our standards and that created the greatness that is
    America and American technology. We are great the way we set
    standards in cyber. We have done a great job. It is the gold
    standard of the world. And I would like us to pursue at
    Commerce standards in AI that are like those two, which set the
    standard for the world.
        Senator Markey. And I appreciate that. As the author of the
    three bills in the 1990s that moved America from narrow band to
    broadband, I understand that. I am the author of the laws that
    moved us to this broadband world that we are in. But my
    question is to you, there is a sinister side to cyberspace too,
    a negative side, a dangerous side. Will you commit to working
    to prevent and mitigate discriminatory AI-powered algorithms
    proliferating in our country?
        Mr. Lutnick. It makes sense.
        Senator Markey. OK. Well, I look forward to working with
    you on that because I just think right now we hear too much
    hype from the geniuses about all the good it is going to do.
    But simultaneously, there is another side of all this. And if
    you are somebody who has been discriminated against in the
    past, it is very likely the algorithms will be deployed to hurt
    them. And we are going to need to work with the Department of
    Commerce, to put real protections in place, not voluntary,
    because we already see the Chinese are figuring out how to come
    in without paying the price that our Silicon Valley geniuses
    have. And we got to make sure that across the board, all of
    these companies, all of these algorithms meet the highest
    standards for protection against discrimination.
        Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for your indulgence.
        Senator Cantwell. Mr. Chairman, if I could just enter for
    the record and correct that a lot of discussion about BEAD,
    that IIJA funding has connected 100,000 plus locations and
    built hundreds of miles within miles. So the notion that nobody
    has gotten connected is just not correct. Thank you.
        The Chairman. Thank you, Senator Cantwell. I will note that
    it may be possible there are other programs that have connected
    people, but the $40 billion BEAD program has connected zero
    homes and locations.
        I will also note for the record that you just had an
    exchange with Senator Markey about the CHIPS and Sciences
    Program. The Biden administration ignored the text of the law
    and grafted onto it a host of left-wing social objectives,
    including mandates to open day cares, including the Green New
    Deal, including every policy agenda they had that was not in
    the law.
        And the idea that the Commerce Committee is somehow bound
    to follow the Biden administration's left-wing agenda that they
    could not get the votes for in the U.S. Congress is absurd, and
    just for the record, in my view, your obligation is to follow
    the law, not their extralegal policy addenda that were stuck
    onto those contracts.
        Senator Markey. I think if the Chairman would yield, all I
    am asking for is compliance with what was already signed.
        The Chairman. The fact that the prior administration caused
    people to sign things that were not reflected in the law, there
    is no reason at all that they should be held extralegal
    commitments that I recognize are policy objectives of
    Democrats, but you did not have the votes to enact them into
    law. It was not an accident that they were not in the law, and
    it was purely disregarding the law that the Biden
    administration forced them onto it. And so fidelity to the law
    would be returning to the actual statute that was enacted the
    law, not the policy preferences of the prior President.
        Senator Markey. If the Chairman would yield, these were
    arm's length negotiations between the agencies.
        The Chairman. There is nothing arm's length when one side
    has $60 billion and the other side is trying to get it. It is
    not arm's length. I understand that they can do a highway
    robbery, but that is not an arm's length negotiation. Yes, they
    want the money.
        Senator Markey. No one has to sign anything. If people
    decide they want to sign, they are bound. That is the law.
        The Chairman. OK. They are not bound by extra legal
    agreements, and I feel confident the Administration is going to
    follow actual Federal law and not the policy preferences of the
    previous administration.
        All right. We have an open vote that we are about to miss,
    so let's not miss this vote on the Senate floor.
        Senator Cantwell. Mr. Chairman, I would just say we are all
    in agreement, the United States needs to bring manufacturing
    back to the United States and move ahead. Yes, please close
    this out. Thank you.
        [Applause.]
        The Chairman. All right, Mr. Lutnick. My final question is
    required of all nominees. If confirmed, do you pledge to work
    collaboratively with this committee to provide thorough and
    timely responses to the Committee's request and to appear
    before the Committee when requested?
        Mr. Lutnick. I do.
        The Chairman. Thank you. I also have here 30 letters of
    support from various organizations for Mr. Lutnick's nomination
    to be Secretary of Commerce. I ask unanimous consent for the 30
    letters to be inserted in the hearing record. Without
    objection, so ordered.
        [The information referred to follows:]

                            American Forest & Paper Association
                                                        January 2, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz, Chairman,
    Hon. Maria Cantwell, Ranking Member,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA), I am
    writing in support of President Trump's nomination of Howard Lutnick to
    serve as the Secretary of Commerce.
        AF&PA serves to advance U.S. paper and wood products manufacturers
    through fact-based public policy and marketplace advocacy. The forest
    products industry accounts for approximately 5 percent of the total
    U.S. manufacturing GDP, manufactures about $350 billion in essential
    products annually and employs about 925,000 people. The industry meets
    a payroll of about $65 billion annually and over 75 percent of our
    facilities are located in counties that are over 80 percent rural. The
    forest products industry is circular by nature. AF&PA member companies
    make essential products from renewable and recyclable resources,
    generate renewable bioenergy and are committed to continuous
    improvement through the industry's sustainability initiative--Better
    Practices, Better Planet 2030: Sustainable Products for a Sustainable
    Future.
        U.S. forest products exports account for a significant piece of the
    industry's total sales and in 2023, the industry's global exports
    totaled over $9 billion. AF&PA strongly supports free but fair trade
    and in today's globalized market, it is critical for the U.S. forest
    products manufacturing sector to achieve unrestricted access to
    international markets and level the playing field among international
    competitors by eliminating both tariff and non-tariff barriers such as
    restrictive import regulations.
        In 2023, the European Union (EU) enacted the EU Deforestation-free
    Regulation (EUDR), a regulation that aims at eliminating products sold
    in the EU that are linked to deforestation, is unworkable and
    disadvantages the U.S. forest products industry, small U.S. family
    forest owners, and threatens to disrupt trade with the EU valued at
    more than $3.5 billion. The U.S. forest products industry is among the
    most responsible suppliers of forest fiber in the world, and a strong
    proponent of international efforts to suppress deforestation and forest
    degradation. The prescriptive requirements of the regulation, however,
    will unjustifiably increase compliance costs and weaken U.S. producers'
    market access to established EU trading partners.
        We believe Mr. Lutnick is eminently qualified for this important
    role and will execute President Trump's trade agenda in a thoughtful,
    impactful manner with a focus on ensuring American manufacturers have
    access to global markets. Mr. Lutnick's extensive experience as the
    Chairman and CEO at Cantor Fitzgerald and BGC Group will prove
    beneficial to the country when it comes to negotiating new trade
    agreements and improving upon those already in place, as well as
    pushing back against non-tariff trade barriers such as the EUDR.
        Based on our knowledge of Mr. Lutnick and his background, we
    believe his expertise, experience and professionalism make him an ideal
    candidate for this important position.
                Kind Regards,
                                                   Heidi Brock,
                                 President and Chief Executive Officer.
                                     ______

                                                           Deel
                                                       January 21, 2025
    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman, Senate Commerce Committee,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member, Senate Commerce Committee,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        Deel supports the nomination of Mr. Howard Lutnick as U.S.
    Secretary of Commerce and recognizes the significant contributions of
    outgoing Secretary Gina Raimondo.
        Deel is a global payroll and HR platform operating in over 150
    countries, partnering with businesses of all sizes to simplify the
    complexities of global hiring, payroll, and compliance. The Department
    of Commerce's leadership is critical in helping businesses navigate a
    rapidly evolving global economy and fostering economic opportunities
    for employers and workers alike.
        Mr. Lutnick's extensive leadership experience and deep
    understanding of market dynamics make him exceptionally well-suited to
    lead the Department at this pivotal time. His expertise will be
    invaluable in advancing policies that drive innovation, create jobs,
    and enhance American competitiveness on the global stage.
        Under Secretary Raimondo's leadership, the Department of Commerce
    played a vital role in fostering innovation and expanding global trade.
    Building on that progress will be essential for continued economic
    growth. Deel looks forward to collaborating with the Department under
    Mr. Lutnick's leadership, leveraging the strong foundation laid by
    Secretary Raimondo.
        Please consider Deel a resource and strategic partner in boosting
    trade, investment, and U.S. competitiveness. Thank you for the
    opportunity to provide input on this important nomination.
                                                   Nick Catino,
                                                 Global Head of Policy,
                                                                      Deel.
    About Deel
        Deel is the all-in-one HR and payroll platform for global teams. It
    helps companies simplify every aspect of managing a workforce, from
    onboarding, compliance, and performance management to global payroll,
    HRIS, and immigration support. Deel works for full-time employees and
    independent contractors in more than 150 countries, compliantly. And
    getting set up takes just a few minutes. For more information, visit
    deel.com.
                                     ______

                                       NATE: The Communications
                         Infrastructure Contractors Association
                                        Watertown, SD, January 22, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Senator Cruz:

        NATE: The Communications Infrastructure Contractors Association
    fully supports the nomination of Howard Lutnick to serve as the next
    Secretary of Commerce. Mr. Lutnick brings a wealth of experience as a
    business leader and understands the challenges of main street
    enterprises. Considering the Commerce Department's role in closing the
    digital divide, our organization believes his experience and expertise
    is perfectly suited for this significant role to unleash next
    generation connectivity across the U.S. and enable American
    entrepreneurs to keep our Nation the best place for business.
        NATE is a non-profit trade association dedicated to providing a
    unified voice for companies in the diverse tower, broadband, and
    communications infrastructure industries. Today, the Association boasts
    approximately 1,000 member companies (mostly small businesses) that
    construct, service or maintain hundreds of thousands of communications
    towers and next generation networks throughout the United States. The
    NATE community is made up of the small businesses working on the front
    lines of broadband deployment and we look forward to working with the
    next administration on shared policies that serve to enable
    connectivity for everyone.
                Sincerely,
                                               Todd Schlekeway,
                                                     President and CEO,
                                                                      NATE.
                                     ______

                                                         SpaceX
                                      Brownsville, TX, January 24, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chair, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        On behalf of SpaceX, the leading launch services and space
    technology provider in the world, I write to express our strong support
    for Howard Lutnick and encourage his swift conﬁrmation to be
    Secretary of Commerce. Over the course of his more than 40 year career,
    Mr. Lutnick has demonstrated a commitment to innovation, job creation,
    and leadership that will well serve the United States. In addition to
    its mission to create the conditions for economic growth and
    opportunity, the Department of Commerce plays an important role in
    space policy, space services, space sciences, spectrum coordination,
    and broadband through the Ofice of Space Commerce (OSC) and the
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the
    National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). Mr.
    Lutnick is exceptionally qualiﬁed for this position.
        SpaceX is pleased to add our support to the chorus of individuals,
    companies, and other organizations who have already voiced their
    support for Mr. Lutnick.
                Sincerely,
                                                      Mat Dunn,
                                      Senior Director, Global Business
                                                 and Government Afairs.
                                     ______

             ACA Connects--America's Communications Association
                                           Beaver, PA, January 24, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chair, Senate Commerce, Science,
    and Transportation Committee,
    Washington, DC.

    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member, Senate Commerce, Science,
    and Transportation Committee,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chair Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        I write in support of Howard Lutnick's nomination to be U.S.
    Secretary of Commerce. ACA Connects and our Membership believes he is a
    strong choice to lead the Department of Commerce.
        ACA Connects--America's Communications Association proudly
    represents more than 500 smaller and medium-sized, independent
    companies that provide broadband, video, and phone services. Our
    Members, which operate in every state, cover nearly 32 million
    households, 7.3 million of which are located in rural and smaller
    suburban markets across America. They are at the forefront of
    connecting homes, companies, main street, schools, hospitals, and more.
    Their work to increase access to high-speed Internet and close the
    digital divide touches every part of the economy and in every corner of
    America.
        The Secretary of Commerce plays a key role in promoting American
    innovation and securing our global competitive edge. Not only do we
    believe Mr. Lutnick is extremely qualified for this role, ACA Connects
    shares in this mission. We look forward to working closely with the
    Department of Commerce and the National Telecommunications and
    Information Administration (NTIA) to deploy critical broadband
    infrastructure, help ensure America wins the race against China in
    emerging technologies, and support American jobs and prosperity.
        We thank you for your thoughtful consideration of Mr. Lutnick
    through the nomination process and urge support by the full Committee
    and the Senate.
                Sincerely,
                                              Grant Spellmeyer,
                                                     President and CEO,
                        ACA Connects--America's Communications Association.
                                     ______

                                              Independent Women
                                                       January 24, 2025
       Independent Women Supports the Confirmation of Howard Lutnick as
                             Secretary of Commerce
    Dear Senators,

        Independent Women, which advances policies that enhance opportunity
    and well-being, fully supports the confirmation of Howard Lutnick to
    serve as Secretary of Commerce. President Trump deserves the team he
    wants so that he can carry out the directive given to him by the
    American people.
        There is no question that Mr. Lutnick is incredibly qualified to
    serve as Secretary of Commerce.
        Mr. Lutnick has extensive experience in the business and tech world
    and understands the ramifications of the Department's actions on
    American businesses and the economy. He also understands that America's
    interests must come first, and that our policies should support that
    goal.
        Independent Women is proud to support the nomination of such a
    qualified nominee to serve as Secretary of Commerce. We urge senators
    to provide Howard Lutnick with a fair and respectful hearing and to
    confirm him as Secretary of Commerce.
                Respectfully,
                                            Heather R. Higgins,
                                                                   CEO,
                                                 Independent Women's Voice.
                                                  Carrie Lukas,
                                                        Vice President,
                                                 Independent Women's Voice.
                                     ______

                    American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers
                                        Washington, DC, 27 January 2025

     Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman, Committee on Commerce,
    Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

        Senator Cruz,

        On behalf of the American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers
    (AFPM), we ask you to schedule a full committee vote as soon as
    possible to confirm Howard Lutnick to be the next Secretary of the U.S.
    Department of Commerce.
        Throughout his distinguished career, Secretary nominee Lutnick has
    demonstrated the ability to navigate complex financial, regulatory, and
    economic challenges. With his deep understanding of business, and his
    focus on creating environments where innovation can thrive, he is the
    ideal candidate to implement policies that benefit America's domestic
    and global economic competitiveness.
        Our members depend on well-crafted policies that drive innovation
    and ensure the global competitiveness of American energy. We are
    confident that Secretary nominee Lutnick's leadership at the Department
    of Commerce will bring a fresh perspective to these critical
    priorities.
        I strongly urge the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation to advance his nomination swiftly, and we offer our full
    support for his appointment.
                Sincerely,
                                                 Chet Thompson,
                                                     President and CEO,
                               American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers.
                                     ______

                                   American Petroleum Institute
                                                       January 27, 2025

    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    Washington, DC.

    RE: Nomination Hearing for Mr. Howard Lutnick

    Chairman Cruz & Members of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science,
                and Transportation:

        It is with great privilege that we issue our support for the
    confirmation of Howard Lutnick as Secretary of the U.S. Department of
    Commerce. The Department of Commerce endeavors to promote economic
    growth and opportunity across our Nation through its 13 bureaus that
    strengthen our Nation through economic competitiveness, domestic
    industry, and quality jobs. The Department of Commerce plays a critical
    role in our economy, and we are confident in Mr. Lutnick's ability to
    lead the agency.
        As CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald and BGC Group, Mr. Lutnick brings
    decades of executive leadership in the financial services and
    investment banking industries to the agency. Mr. Lutnick's experience
    goes beyond the role of a traditional CEO and his character is a
    testament to the American spirit. During the September 11th attacks,
    Cantor Fitzgerald, located in the World Trade Center, sustained the
    largest loss of life among any businesses that day. This loss of life
    included Mr. Lutnick's brother and 70 percent of the firm's total
    employees. Following the attacks, Mr. Lutnick overcame tragedy and
    rebuilt Cantor Fitzgerald into the thriving firm it is today. The
    American Petroleum Institute (API) looks forward to his confirmation
    and welcomes his leadership and character to the Department of
    Commerce.
        API represents all segments of America's oil and natural gas
    industry. Its nearly 600 members produce, process and distribute most
    of the Nation's energy. The industry supports millions of U.S. jobs and
    is backed by a growing grassroots movement of millions of Americans.
    API was formed in 1919 as a standards-setting organization. In our
    first 100 years, API has developed more than 700 standards to enhance
    operational and environmental safety, efficiency and sustainability.
                All the best,
                                                  Mike Sommers,
                                                     President and CEO,
                                                                       API.
                                     ______

                                    Commercial Space Federation
                                       Washington, DC, January 27, 2025

    Chairman Ted Cruz,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of the Commercial Space Federation (CSF), the leading
    trade association for the commercial space industry, I am writing to
    convey CSF's support for the confirmation of Mr. Howard Lutnick as the
    Secretary of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
        Mr. Lutnick's decades of business experience is critical to
    fulfilling the U.S. Department of Commerce's mission to generate
    economic growth and increase opportunities for the advancement of the
    commercial space industry. CSF is confident that Mr. Lutnick's
    leadership will promote and accelerate the commercial space industry
    through streamlining regulatory requirements, integrating commercial
    services into the Department's operational space missions, including
    space situational awareness, and fully supporting the Department's
    Office of Space Commerce. CSF looks forward to working with Mr. Lutnick
    to bolster the standing of the United States as the global leader in
    commercial space.
        Thank you for your consideration of this letter in support of Mr.
    Howard Lutnick's confirmation as the Secretary of the U.S. Department
    of Commerce.
                Sincerely,
                                                  Dave Cavossa,
                                                             President,
                                               Commercial Space Federation.
                                     ______

                                 CTIA--The Wireless Association
                                                       January 27, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chair,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of CTIA--The Wireless Association, I am writing to
    express our support for the confirmation of Howard Lutnick as Secretary
    of the U.S. Department of Commerce. Mr. Lutnick's business acumen,
    leadership experience, and commitment to innovation make him an
    outstanding candidate for this important position.
        CTIA represents the U.S. wireless communications industry and the
    companies throughout the mobile ecosystem that enable Americans to lead
    a 21st-century connected life. Our members include wireless carriers,
    device manufacturers, suppliers, and apps and content companies. Given
    the Department of Commerce's vital role in spectrum management,
    technology policy, and economic growth, Mr. Lutnick's appointment is of
    great interest to our industry.
        Mr. Lutnick's impressive career as Chairman and CEO of Cantor
    Fitzgerald demonstrates his ability to navigate complex financial
    markets and drive technological innovation. His experience in
    rebuilding Cantor Fitzgerald after the September 11, 2001 attacks
    showcases his leadership and commitment to both his employees and the
    broader community. These qualities are essential for leading the
    Department of Commerce in today's rapidly evolving economic landscape.
        We believe Mr. Lutnick's expertise in technology and global markets
    will be invaluable in addressing the challenges and opportunities
    facing the U.S. wireless economy. His understanding of emerging
    technologies being powered by 5G next generation services aligns well
    with the department's mission to foster American innovation and
    competitiveness. This knowledge will be crucial in shaping policies
    that support the growth of the wireless industry, particularly in the
    areas of 5G deployment and spectrum management. As China accelerates
    its 5G-led digital transformation and leverages their mid-band spectrum
    to develop industries of the future, Mr. Lutnick's leadership will be
    instrumental in ensuring that the United States remains at the
    forefront of the global spectrum race. His expertise will be vital for
    our country's economic prosperity and national security, as well as in
    developing a sustainable spectrum strategy that promotes innovation and
    economic growth.
        We believe that Mr. Lutnick's leadership will bring a fresh,
    innovative approach to the Department of Commerce, crucial for
    maintaining America's technological edge in an increasingly competitive
    global landscape. We look forward to working with Mr. Lutnick and the
    Department of Commerce to advance policies that promote innovation,
    foster economic growth, and strengthen America's position as a global
    leader in wireless technology and digital transformation. We urge his
    swift confirmation as Secretary of Commerce.
                Sincerely,
                                        Meredith Attwell Baker.
                                     ______

                                Steel Manufacturers Association
                                       Washington, DC, January 27, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        The Secretary of Commerce plays an essential role in ensuring
    America's economic success. President Trump, led by America's steel
    industry during his first administration, took definitive actions to
    help build one of the strongest modern economies while putting American
    workers first. America needs a strong Commerce Secretary that is
    willing to take on unfair global trade practices and support American
    jobs. The Steel Manufacturers Association (SMA) believes that Howard
    Lutnick, with his unquestioned business reputation and expert
    understanding of manufacturing, is an excellent choice to fight for
    manufacturing in America and we offer our strong endorsement for his
    confirmation as Secretary of Commerce.
        China has sought to dominate global trade and supply chains through
    its Belt and Road Initiative. China uses this global infrastructure,
    transportation, trade and production network to depress or eliminate
    competing production globally by dumping unfairly priced and heavily
    subsidized steel products in other markets. American workers and
    industry have borne the brunt of China's increasingly predatory
    economic behavior.
        The Department of Commerce controls one of the most important lines
    of defense for American workers, the anti-dumping and countervailing
    duty (AD/CVD) laws. However, these tools have not been significantly
    updated for almost a decade and must be revised to effectively fight
    back against the Belt and Road Initiative and other market-distorting
    practices. The SMA looks forward to working with Congress and Mr.
    Lutnick to provide the Department of Commerce new tools to address
    China's most dangerous methods of destroying American jobs and
    industries.
        Another powerful tool to put America first are the Section 232 and
    301 tariffs on steel products. Our domestic steel industry has seen a
    resurgence since President Trump first instituted national security-
    related tariffs on steel in March 2018. President Trump responded to an
    industry that was suffering from surges of dumped imports by
    instituting tariffs to support manufacturing in America. The tariffs
    achieved their goals. American steel manufacturing rose in response and
    members of the Steel Manufacturers Association responded with billions
    of dollars in investments that created high paying jobs and has made
    our domestic steel industry the envy of the world.
        The SMA is hopeful that Mr. Lutnick will expertly partner with
    President Trump to strengthen his deployment and strategic use of
    tariffs on steel products. China is dumping historically high volumes
    of government-subsidized steel onto the global market because its
    economy has stagnated. China is preparing to dump nearly 100 million
    tons of steel globally, which is more than the United States produces
    annually. This dumping floods the United States and other markets with
    steel below the cost of production. To combat these trade distortions,
    President Trump and the USTR should strengthen and expand existing
    tariffs to support American steel manufacturing and close the loopholes
    and exemptions that have reduced the impact of the tariffs.
        Mr. Lutnick is the ideal pick to implement President Trump's
    landmark economic policy which aims to put America first. We encourage
    the Committee to give bipartisan support to this uniquely qualified
    candidate and look forward to working with Mr. Lutnick again in his new
    role once confirmed.
                Sincerely,
                                                Philip K. Bell,
                                                             President,
                                           Steel Manufacturers Association.
                                     ______

                          NTCA--The Rural Broadband Association
                                        Arlington, VA, January 27, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Senate Committee on Commerce,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Senate Committee on Commerce,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        On behalf of the more than 850 rural, community-based broadband
    providers represented by NTCA--The Rural Broadband Association
    (``NTCA''), I extend our support for the nomination of Howard Lutnick
    to serve as Secretary for the Department of Commerce.
        For decades, NTCA's members have dedicated themselves to a shared
    mission of providing state-of-the-art communications products and
    services to consumers located in some of the most challenging to serve
    rural and insular areas of our Nation. For example, our most recent
    annual survey found that, on average, more than 80 percent of NTCA
    members' customers have access to fiber connectivity and 100 Mbps
    broadband service or better; nearly 61 percent of members' customers on
    average have access to Gigabit downstream speeds. These accomplishments
    are staggering when you factor that the average population density in
    most service areas is less than seven customers per square mile; to put
    this in context, this is roughly the average density for the entire
    state of Montana. There is no question that small-rural Internet
    service providers are a part of the equation as we work to provide
    Americans with affordable, reliable Internet services that withstand
    the test of time.
        As you well know, the National Telecommunications and Information
    Administration (NTIA) within the Commerce Department plays an important
    role in helping to guide and coordinate the policies of the
    administration with respect to telecommunications and broadband issues.
    We believe Mr. Lutnick's experience and background in working with a
    variety of industries and businesses uniquely qualify him as the sort
    of leader who can help administer and navigate efforts to close the
    digital divide in America. Should Mr. Lutnick be confirmed, we would
    look forward to continuing to work with him, the Commerce Department,
    and NTIA to promote and sustain access to affordable and reliable
    broadband for the benefit of every American.
        Thank you for your consideration of our support for Mr. Lutnick. We
    look forward to working together with President Trump's administration
    and Congress to build upon existing efforts, and to leverage them
    wherever possible to extend broadband to those millions of Americans
    still lacking access today.
                Sincerely,
                                            Shirley Bloomfield,
                                               Chief Executive Officer.
                                     ______

                           USTelecom--The Broadband Association
                                       Washington, DC, January 27, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Senate Commerce Committee,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Senate Commerce Committee,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        On behalf of USTelecom--The Broadband Association, I write to
    express our strong support for the nomination of Mr. Howard Lutnick to
    serve as Secretary of Commerce. This appointment represents a critical
    opportunity to advance policies that will strengthen America's position
    as a global leader in connectivity, resilience, and innovation.
        Broadband is the digital backbone of our economy, enabling
    innovation, driving economic growth, and connecting communities. The
    Department of Commerce plays an essential role in ensuring that every
    part of the Nation can benefit from these opportunities through
    broadband deployment, Federal spectrum management, cybersecurity
    preparedness, and fostering cutting-edge technologies.
        The BEAD program represents historic investments in America's
    broadband network infrastructure. USTelecom and our members look
    forward to working with Mr. Lutnick to improve the BEAD Program to
    ensure that more Americans in rural communities are connected to high-
    speed broadband. USTelecom stands ready to collaborate with the
    Commerce Department under Mr. Lutnick's leadership to transform this
    historic opportunity into a lasting legacy of connectivity.
        We are encouraged by Mr. Lutnick's dedication to innovative
    leadership and his vision for advancing emerging technologies.
    USTelecom looks forward to working collaboratively with him and the
    Department of Commerce to advance risk-based, harmonized cybersecurity
    policies that enhance the security of critical infrastructure while
    fostering innovation and operational efficiencies for the
    communications sector. We urge the Committee to favorably report Mr.
    Howard Lutnick as Secretary of Commerce and to move his nomination for
    full Senate consideration. Thank you for considering this pivotal
    nomination.
                Sincerely,
                                              Jonathan Spalter,
                                 President and Chief Executive Officer.
                                     ______

                                                        Verizon
                                   Washington, DC, Monday, January 27th

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz:

        Verizon writes today to support President Donald J. Trump's
    nomination of Howard Lutnick to be the 41st U.S. Secretary of Commerce.
    We appreciate the Senate Commerce Committee's timely consideration of
    his nomination given the vital role this position holds within the
    Federal government. Mr. Lutnick's deep knowledge and experience in
    finance and business make him uniquely qualified to manage the Commerce
    Department in the new Administration.
        As a U.S.-based company that has invested domestically more than
    $212 billion in private capital from 2017-2024, we look forward to
    collaborating with the Commerce Department on a wide range of
    initiatives and policies, specifically on pro-growth and pro-consumer
    spectrum and broadband policy. Just last week President Trump
    highlighted, in his reestablishment of the President's Council of
    Advisors on Science and Technology, the need for the U.S. to lead again
    in 5G and improved access to spectrum. There's no doubt that the
    Commerce Department, with the NTIA, has a prime opportunity to reassert
    leadership in the efficient management of Federal spectrum resources,
    just as it did under President Trump's first term.
        The robust services and seamless connectivity Verizon delivers
    through its wired and wireless broadband networks can only be made
    possible with strong leadership at the Department of Commerce. We look
    forward to working with you and the new Administration to positively
    position our country as a global leader in digital infrastructure. That
    is why we encourage you and your colleagues in the U.S. Senate to
    confirm Mr. Lutnick's nomination as soon as possible so we can reassert
    U.S. leadership, protect national security, expand economic growth, and
    build stronger digital opportunities for the American public. Thank you
    for your service and continued leadership of the Senate Commerce
    Committee.
                Respectfully,
                                               Robert S Fisher,
                                     SVP, Federal Government Relations
                                                      & Public Affairs.
                                     ______

                                     American Chemistry Council
                                       Washington, DC, January 28, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman, U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce,
    Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member, U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce,
    Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        The American Chemistry Council (ACC) supports the confirmation of
    Howard Lutnick as Secretary of the Department of Commerce
    (``Department''). As President and CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald, Mr.
    Lutnick has a proven track record of success in managing a leading U.S.
    firm with positive impact across our economy. We are confident Mr.
    Lutnick will effectively lead the Department toward fulfilling its
    mission of driving U.S. economic competitiveness and strengthening
    domestic industry.
        The ACC represents more than 190 companies engaged in the business
    of chemistry. We represent the people and companies creating
    groundbreaking products that are improving the world all around us by
    making it healthier, safer, more sustainable and more productive. In
    total, $633 billion is generated annually by the business of chemistry,
    which supports over 25 percent of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product and
    directly touches nearly all manufactured goods.
        We look forward to working with Mr. Lutnick on the CHIPS for
    America program. Over 500 different process chemicals are used to
    manufacture a single semiconductor making our industry a critical part
    of their manufacturing supply chain. We want to ensure the research and
    production of these important semiconductors remains within the United
    States.
        The Committee and Senate should move swiftly to confirm Howard
    Lutnick's nomination and support American innovation through chemistry
    for years to come. It is imperative that American industries continue
    to innovate, create jobs and grow the U.S. economy.
                Sincerely,
                                                     Chis Jahn,
                                                     President and CEO.
                                     ______

                                  American Beverage Association
                                       Washington, DC, January 28, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chaimrnn,
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chaimrnn Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        I write to share the American Beverage Association's support for
    Howard Lutnik to serve as Secretary of Commerce. Secretary-Designee
    Lutnik's experience as a business leader and his commitment to
    America's entrepreneurial spirit can drive a new chapter of growth for
    American business.
        America's non-alcoholic beverage companies are proud of our role in
    the American economy. We are iconic American companies that make
    American products with American workers in America's hometowns. We
    employ more than 270,000 hard-working Americans in every state in the
    Nation and deliver $247 billion direct economic impact. Our companies,
    distributors and employees are committed to improving the communities
    in which we live and work, contributing $2.5 billion to charitable
    causes annually.
        American competitiveness is essential to our business and requires
    policies that advance a thriving economy, spur innovation in the
    marketplace and enable a prepared workforce. As a successful executive,
    Secretary-Designee Lutnik understands this intimately and his
    nomination presents an opportunity to strengthen American
    competitiveness at home and on the world stage.
        Our industry looks forward to working with the Secretary-designee,
    the Trump Administration and this Committee on policies that grow our
    economy and enable our member companies to continue to innovate and
    thrive.
                Sincerely,
                                                Kevin W. Keane,
                                                     President and CEO.
                                     ______

                                          Digital First Project
                                                       January 28, 2025

    Dear Commerce Committee,

        President-elect Donald Trump's nomination of Howard Lutnick as
    Secretary of Commerce brings bold leadership to one of the most pivotal
    roles in government. Lutnick, the CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald and a strong
    advocate for cryptocurrency and small businesses, is uniquely
    positioned to drive innovation and economic growth. We encourage the
    Senate to quickly confirm the right choice for Secretary.
        Lutnick's extensive business leadership in the face of adversity
    set him apart. His biography exemplifies determination and leadership
    under pressure. His ability to navigate crises and implement
    transformative strategies has earned him respect across industries.
        The Commerce Department oversees a broad portfolio, from managing
    the $42.5 billion Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD)
    program to funding semiconductor manufacturing and regulating trade.
    Lutnick's experience makes him an ideal choice to guide these
    initiatives. With the BEAD program advancing broadband access
    nationwide, his leadership can ensure its efficient implementation,
    built around transparency and accountability to ensure that any dollar
    spent is wisely spent on deployment.
        Additionally he has been a champion for cryptocurrency and AI,
    positioning him to modernize commerce and drive innovation. As a vocal
    supporter of Bitcoin and blockchain technology, he has championed their
    potential to revolutionize finance and commerce. His vision aligns with
    Trump's embrace of digital currencies, including the campaign's crypto
    donation initiative.
        With Lutnick at the helm, the Commerce Department is poised to
    advance policies that prioritize economic resilience, technological
    leadership, and equitable growth. His nomination is a testament to the
    Trump administration's commitment to bold, transformative leadership
    for America's future.
                Sincerely,
                                                 Nathan Leamer,
                                                    Executive Director,
                                                     Digital First Project.

    Originally Posted: https://digitalfirstproject.substack.com/p/digital-
    first-supports-howard-lutnick
                                     ______

                                       Global Business Alliance
                                                       January 28, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman, Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member, Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of the Global Business Alliance (GBA), I am writing in
    support of Mr. Howard Lutnick's nomination to be U.S. Secretary of
    Commerce and to emphasize the critical importance of global investment
    to U.S. economic growth and job creation.
        GBA represents nearly 200 leading international companies, all of
    whom are major U.S. employers and globally headquartered in countries
    that are our Nation's long-time friends and allies. International
    companies have invested over $5 trillion into the U.S. economy, employ
    8.4 million U.S. workers and offer compensation that is seven percent
    higher than the U.S. national average. Many of those jobs are in your
    home states.
        As you may know, the Commerce Secretary leads SelectUSA, the only
    Federal initiative squarely focused on attracting international
    companies to invest and create jobs in the United States. A predictable
    and transparent regulatory environment ensures that international
    companies can operate efficiently within the U.S., on equal footing
    with other major U.S. employers. Advancing trade and investment
    agreements with allied nations--especially key investor countries--is
    an untapped opportunity for U.S. job growth.
        International companies are also advancing American innovation,
    bringing world-class know-how to U.S. manufacturing. Ensuring America
    remains open to the best of what the world has to offer is critical to
    America's long-term economic and national security.
        Mr. Lutnick's distinguished career in business and proven expertise
    make him well-qualified to lead the Commerce Department.
                Sincerely,
                                               Jonathan Samford
                                                     President and CEO,
                                                  Global Business Alliance.
                                     ______

                                                       January 28, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of America's 13.8 million saltwater anglers and our
    collective $98 billion economic impact, we write to express our strong
    support for the advancement of Howard Lutnick's nomination to serve as
    the 41st Secretary of Commerce. Mr. Lutnick is an iconic American
    business leader who successfully shepherded his firm through the
    challenging aftermath of the September 11th attacks. As a tested
    leader, we believe he is well positioned to lead the Department of
    Commerce and advise the President on the strength of American business
    and industry. His track record of innovation, foresight and commitment
    to fostering economic growth is well known and impressive by any
    measure.
        The Department of Commerce badly needs a visionary leader. Within
    Commerce, the recreational saltwater fishing industry has faced its
    most challenging four years related to ocean and fishing access. NOAA
    Fisheries has lost its way and the trust of the American public. Sound
    science and principled leadership are both needed to restore that
    trust. Mr. Lutnick's confirmation is one critical step to addressing
    the business-killing restrictions advocated by NOAA over the past four
    years.
        The last U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) report heralded
    outdoor recreation's contribution to the U.S. economy at $1.2
    trillion--accounting for 2.3 percent of GDP--with recreational boating
    and fishing as the largest contributor. This underscores the essential
    role our industry plays in the national economy and the importance of
    responsible policies that protect these contributions. The recreational
    fishing industry and our angling community have long been leaders in
    conservation, contributing nearly $1.5 billion annually through excise
    taxes, license fees and donations. These efforts support healthy fish
    populations and sustainable marine habitats--key to the future of our
    sport.
        Mr. Lutnick's expertise in economic policy positions him to
    champion the interests of the recreational fishing industry while
    promoting sustainable practices that ensure our natural resources are
    preserved for future generations. In his distinguished career, Mr.
    Lutnick has consistently demonstrated his ability to identify
    opportunities for growth while balancing the needs of diverse
    stakeholders. This approach aligns seamlessly with the priorities of
    the recreational fishing community, which relies on sound management of
    fisheries, investments in conservation and policies that encourage
    access to public waters.
        Our industry looks forward to supporting Mr. Lutnick's thoughtful,
    collaborative and measured perspective at the Department of Commerce.
    We urge the Committee to support and advance Mr. Lutnick's nomination
    to allow for the Senate to expeditiously confirm him to serve as the
    next Secretary of Commerce.
                Sincerely,

    American Sportfishing Association

    BoatUS

    Bonefish & Tarpon Trust

    Center for Sportfishing Policy

    Coastal Conservation Association

    International Game Fish Association

    Marine Retailers Association of the Americas

    National Marine Manufacturers Association
                                     ______

                                 Satellite Industry Association
                                       Washington, DC, January 28, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

        On behalf of the Satellite Industry Association (SIA), the trade
    association representing the domestic commercial satellite and space
    industries, I wish to express our strong support for the confirmation
    of Howard Lutnick as Secretary of the United States Department of
    Commerce.
        Throughout his career, Mr. Lutnick has demonstrated resilience,
    leadership and a strong appreciation for the value of technology.
    Thanks to tremendous leaps in space-based technology and innovation,
    the commercial satellite industry is growing at an unprecedented rate.
    There are now over 11,500 satellites operating in Earth orbit compared
    with 2,500 just a mere five years ago. Satellites not only provide
    communications, broadband, Earth observation, video and other services
    to enterprise customers and hundreds of millions of American consumers
    each day, but they are also vital for government, defense and first
    responder/natural disaster applications.
        This is a critical time for the industry and as the association
    advocating on behalf of America's satellite and space interests, SIA
    strongly urges the Senate to rapidly confirm Mr. Lutnick. We look
    forward to working with him and the Commerce Department--including
    NTIA, NOAA, BIS and the Office of Space Commerce--to help ensure
    America's continued leadership in space-based innovation and dominant
    position in the rapidly expanding global space economy.
                Sincerely,
                                                    Tom Stroup,
                                                             President,
                                            Satellite Industry Association.
                                     ______

                                      ACT | The App Association
                                                       January 28, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        ACT | The App Association supports the nomination of Howard Lutnick
    to serve as United States Secretary of Commerce. Mr. Lutnick has a
    track record of success in business and demonstrated unwavering
    dedication to advancing American interests. We welcome his
    confirmation.
        The App Association is the leading trade group representing small
    business application developers and connected device companies in the
    United States and around the world. These companies drive a global app
    economy worth $6.3 trillion, which supports 6.1 million American jobs.
    App Association members leverage the connectivity of smart devices to
    create innovative solutions that introduce new eRiciencies across
    consumer and enterprise use cases. They rely on forward-thinking
    government that prioritizes unleashing small business growth and
    success in the app economy.
        Mr. Lutnick's demonstrated leadership in bringing Cantor Fitzgerald
    back from the brink following the September 11 attacks and his
    dedication to both innovation and philanthropy are evidence of his
    strong management capabilities that make him a solid choice to lead the
    Department of Commerce. Notably, Mr. Lutnick's experience in sourcing
    investment for growing companies positions him well to understand the
    perspectives of App Association members. Small businesses in the app
    economy need the Commerce Department to support policies that enable
    them to attract investment, compete domestically and abroad, and engage
    in pro-competitive transactions.
        Government policies--both in the United States and abroad--that
    have cast a pall of uncertainty over markets for investing in fast-
    growing ﬁrms in the app economy have had a cascading eRect on the
    ecosystem. The Commerce Department should decline to limit innovation
    with overregulation and instead implement a risk-based approach to
    emerging technologies like artiﬁcial intelligence oversight and
    guardrails. Further, previous government policies have enabled bad
    actors to prevent small businesses from innovating on top of technical
    standards. If the United States is to lead in technological innovation,
    the Department of Commerce must join the entire Administration in
    taking a strong stand against abusive standard-essential patent (SEP)
    licensing practices that undermine U.S. supply chain integrity as well
    as economic and national security; and deny American innovators the
    opportunity to license SEPs on fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory
    (FRAND) terms.
        With respect to mergers and acquisitions, U.S. government policy
    changes in the last few years have reduced potential returns on equity
    investment; curtailed willingness to invest in companies like our
    members; depressed companies' enterprise value; made it more costly for
    new companies to borrow; and obstructed the ability to export U.S.
    innovations, all of which have raised barriers to entry and slowed
    startup and small ﬁrm growth and job creation. As another leading
    example, interventions into digital platform and other emerging
    technology markets have undermined curated online marketplace (COM)
    management, which small business innovators leverage and beneﬁt
    from more than their larger competitors. The next Secretary of Commerce
    must pivot to broadly advance pro-innovation, regulatory approaches
    scaled to actual harms, and further oppose eRorts by other countries,
    both directly and in key multilateral fora, to disadvantage U.S. small
    businesses seeking to compete abroad so they can grow and create jobs
    here.
        We urge this Committee to quickly confirm Mr. Lutnick and look
    forward to working with you on related issues that aRect App
    Association members in the 119th Congress.
                Sincerely,
                                                   Morgan Reed,
                                                             President,
                                                 ACT | The App Association.
                                     ______

                                     National Retail Federation
                                       Washington, DC, January 28, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Committee on Commerce, Science and Technology,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Committee on Commerce, Science and Technology,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of the National Retail Federation, I write in support of
    the nomination of Mr. Howard Lutnick as the next Secretary of the
    Department of Commerce. We believe his experience makes him the ideal
    candidate as the next Secretary to lead the economic growth agenda for
    the Trump administration. We respectfully encourage the Senate Commerce
    Committee to support his nomination and for the Senate to confirm Mr.
    Lutnick as soon as possible.
        NRF, the world's largest retail trade association, passionately
    advocates for the people, brands, policies and ideas that help retail
    succeed. NRF empowers the industry that powers the economy. Retail is
    the Nation's largest private-sector employer, contributing $5.3
    trillion to annual GDP and supporting one in four U.S. jobs--55 million
    working Americans. For over a century, NRF has been a voice for every
    retailer and every retail job, educating, inspiring and communicating
    the powerful impact retail has on local communities and global
    economies.
        As the next Secretary of Commerce, Mr. Lutnick will play a key role
    in the Trump administration's work to help create the best conditions
    for economic growth, enhance our global competitiveness and make life
    more affordable for American families. This is vital for retailers,
    both large and small, and the millions of jobs they support and
    communities and customers they serve. From trade to technology to
    standards, the Department plays a crucial role in the success and
    competitiveness of U.S. retailers. Mr. Lutnick is in a prime position
    to help retailers continue to succeed.
        We look forward to working with Committee members and the new
    Secretary to achieve our next phase of economic growth. Thank you for
    your consideration.
                Sincerely,
                                                  David French,
                                              Executive Vice President,
                                                  Government Relations.
                                     ______

                                                        TechNet
                                       Washington, DC, January 28, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        TechNet appreciates the opportunity to express support for the
    nomination of Howard Lutnick for Secretary of the Department of
    Commerce. Mr. Lutnick has deep business experience and is well
    qualified to lead the agency tasked with promoting American growth and
    competitiveness. We urge you to give his nomination careful yet
    expeditious consideration.
        TechNet is the national, bipartisan network of technology CEOs and
    senior executives that promotes the growth of the innovation economy by
    advocating a targeted policy agenda at the Federal and 50-state level.
    TechNet's diverse membership includes dynamic American businesses
    ranging from startups to the most iconic companies on the planet and
    represents over 4.5 million employees and countless customers in the
    fields of information technology, artificial intelligence, e-commerce,
    the sharing and gig economies, advanced energy, transportation,
    cybersecurity, venture capital, and finance.
        The United States is in a race to win the next era of innovation.
    We cannot take America's tech leadership for granted if we are to
    remain at the forefront of the technologies shaping the 21st century,
    particularly against strategic competitors like China. The Department
    of Commerce plays a critical role in fostering innovation that achieves
    this important objective, including through policies and research that
    encourage economic growth and ensure American leadership in emerging
    technologies. These policies include, among others, reducing excessive
    regulatory burdens that hinder growth and innovation, investing in
    Regional Technology and Innovation Hubs to drive development in
    communities across the country, promoting America's global leadership
    in AI and AI safety, using trade tools such as tariffs strategically
    while reducing unnecessary barriers to physical and digital trade, and
    protecting American businesses from the threat of discriminatory and
    unfair foreign taxation.
        We look forward to working with you and Mr. Lutnick on these and
    other issues to protect and support American innovation and advance our
    shared priorities. Thank you for your consideration of TechNet's views
    on this matter.
                Sincerely,
                                               Carl Holshouser,
                                              Executive Vice President.
                                     ______

                                     Business Software Alliance
                                       Washington, DC, January 29, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
    Washington, DC.

    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        I am writing on behalf of the Business Software Alliance to share
    our support for the nomination of Howard Lutnick to be the Secretary of
    Commerce of the United States.
        The Business Software Alliance is the global trade association of
    the enterprise software industry, representing companies that are
    leaders in artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, cloud computing,
    design, construction and manufacturing tools, and other cutting-edge
    technologies. We work in over 20 markets in the US, Europe, and Asia,
    advocating for policies that build trust in technology so that every
    industry sector and the public can benefit from innovation.
        Mr. Lutnick's extensive experience in spearheading digital
    transformation initiatives gives him an important perspective for
    Commerce Secretary. From implementing advanced analytics to modernizing
    operations, Mr. Lutnick has consistently championed the integration of
    innovative digital tools, showcasing their transformative potential
    across sectors. This experience can prove invaluable as the Department
    plays a critical role in the development and adoption of American
    technology, including artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and
    others.
        As Secretary, Mr. Lutnick will play an important role in advancing
    policies that promote growth, innovation, and global competitiveness in
    the business-to-business (B2B) software sector. His deep understanding
    of the challenges that businesses face in the digital age will make him
    uniquely qualified to lead the agency tasked with serving as the voice
    of business and creating conditions for economic growth and opportunity
    for all.
        Thank Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell and the entire
    Committee for considering his nomination today.
                Sincerely,
                                                Craig Albright,
                                                 Senior Vice President,
                                                Business Software Alliance.
                                     ______

             American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
                                           Reston, VA, January 29, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    RE: AIAA STATEMENT FOR THE RECORD IN SUPPORT OF THE NOMINATION OF
                HOWARD LUTNICK FOR SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        On behalf of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
    (AIAA), I am pleased to endorse the nomination of Mr. Howard Lutnick as
    the next Secretary of Commerce.
        Howard Lutnick's tenure as Chairman and CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald
    and BGC Partners showcases his ability to lead complex organizations
    through periods of rapid transformation and challenge. Under his
    leadership, Cantor Fitzgerald became a global leader in financial
    services and technology, spearheading innovations that reflect his
    capacity to adapt to dynamic markets and drive progress. His proven
    ability to guide companies into the future aligns seamlessly with the
    Department's role in promoting U.S. economic leadership in emerging
    industries, including aerospace and space exploration.
        The Department of Commerce's oversight of the Office of Space
    Commerce positions Mr. Lutnick to make a profound impact on the
    aerospace sector. His strategic mindset will support the Office of
    Space Commerce's efforts to ensure sustainable growth, global
    competitiveness, and effective regulation of commercial space
    activities.
        Moreover, Mr. Lutnick's strong commitment to philanthropy and
    education demonstrates his understanding of the critical role talent
    development plays in the success of any industry.
        As the world's largest aerospace technical society, with nearly
    30,000 individual members and nearly 100 corporate members, AIAA
    believes that Mr. Lutnick is the right person to lead the Department of
    Commerce. AIAA wholeheartedly supports his nomination.
        Sincerely,
                                                    Clay Mowry,
                                                                   CEO.
                                     ______

                                            Innovation Alliance
                                                       January 29, 2025

    Honorable Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        The Innovation Alliance writes in support of the nomination of
    Howard Lutnick as Secretary of Commerce. In the nearly twenty years of
    the Innovation Alliance's existence, never before has there been a
    nominee for Secretary of Commerce with the breadth and depth of
    experience with intellectual property as Mr. Lutnick, who himself is
    listed as the inventor on many hundreds of patents. We are confident
    that installing Mr. Lutnick at the helm of the Commerce Department will
    give the Trump Administration exactly the leadership this critical
    agency needs at this moment of great power competition on innovation
    and technology.
        The Alliance is a coalition of U.S.-based research and development-
    focused technology companies representing innovators, patent owners,
    and stakeholders from a wide range of industries that believes in the
    critical importance of maintaining a strong patent system that supports
    innovative enterprises of all sizes. We are committed to strengthening
    the U.S. patent system to promote innovation, economic growth, and job
    creation, and we support legislation and policies that help to achieve
    those goals.
        The Innovation Alliance appreciates the government-wide efforts of
    the first Trump Administration to strengthen U.S. innovation. During
    that time, under the leadership of Director Andrei Iancu, the U.S.
    Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) took decisive action to reduce the
    backlog of U.S. patents, clarify the law of patent subject matter
    eligibility, and impose rules and guidelines to ensure fairness at the
    Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB). The Antitrust Division of the
    Department of Justice (DOJ) worked to ensure U.S. businesses remained
    competitive on a global scale and supported the rights of innovators to
    protect their intellectual property (IP), including by issuing a joint
    policy statement with the USPTO and the National Institute of Standards
    and Technology (NIST) clarifying that injunctions should be available
    to stop infringement of standard essential patents (SEPs). Trump
    Administration national security officials also recognized the critical
    role that U.S. innovation leadership in foundational research and
    development, global technology standards setting, and IP licensing
    plays in our national security and economic competitiveness. They took
    concrete steps to maintain U.S. innovation leadership, including
    directing the U.S. Trade Representative to investigate IP theft and
    abuse by foreign actors.
        We believe Mr. Lutnick is the right choice as Secretary of Commerce
    to build on this legacy and strategically position the United States to
    meet the challenge presented by foreign competitors. If the United
    States is to meet this challenge, we must aggressively incentivize
    long-term private investment into critical and emerging technological
    areas.
        The U.S. patent system--enshrined in the Constitution--provides the
    foundational incentive for American innovators. By allowing inventors
    to own their inventions for a limited time in exchange for public
    disclosure so other inventors can build and improve on them, the U.S.
    patent system, as Abraham Lincoln said, adds ``the fuel of interest to
    the fire of genius,'' helping to create the greatest innovation economy
    in the world.
        Despite the success of the patent system in promoting U.S.
    technology leadership, we must do more to ensure the system continues
    to incentivize the most innovative U.S. inventors and entrepreneurs to
    develop new technologies. Since the early 2000s, a series of judicial
    decisions, shortsighted legislation, and a sustained campaign of
    attacks on the patent system by Big Tech have undermined patents as a
    catalyst for American innovation and economic success. The inability of
    patent owners to obtain injunctions against patent infringement has led
    to Big Tech companies concluding that it is cheaper to steal patented
    technologies from small inventors and pay a court-ordered royalty--
    after months or years of expensive litigation for the inventor--than it
    is to follow the law and pay for a license up front. The PTAB, designed
    to be a faster, cheaper method for adjudicating patent validity, has
    become a tool of Big Tech to extort settlements from inventors and
    small businesses who fear their patents will be canceled.
        This degradation of U.S. patent rights is depressing U.S. economic
    growth and job creation and undermining U.S. competitiveness globally.
    Many patent holders are now able to obtain better protections for their
    patent rights overseas than they are in the United States. Some courts
    issue injunctions as a matter of course following a finding of
    infringement. We have also seen efforts to weaken the ability of the
    U.S. International Trade Commission to prevent the import of IP-
    infringing products into the United States, which would further
    undercut U.S. global competitiveness.
        At the same time, U.S. patent rights are under threat from foreign
    governments seeking to secure competitive advantage in key
    technologies. They abuse their legal processes, including court
    proceedings and antitrust enforcement, to set global royalty rates on
    standardized technologies to devalue U.S.-developed technologies and
    unfairly advantage its domestic companies. Another proposal pending in
    the EU to regulate standardized technologies would similarly harm U.S.
    technologies and legitimize these abusive tactics.
        We have confidence that Mr. Lutnick can help correct this
    trajectory and reclaim undisputed U.S. global technology leadership by
    supporting pro-innovation actions, including:

       Supporting bipartisan legislation, such as the RESTORE
            Patent Rights Act, the Promoting and Respecting Economically
            Vital American Innovation Leadership Act (PREVAIL) Act, and the
            Patent Eligibility Restoration Act (PERA).

         The RESTORE Patent Rights Act will restore the
                inventors' right to a permanent injunction to stop IP theft
                when a patent has been proven valid and infringed, which
                will in turn protect inventors' right to determine who can
                use their patented inventions and encourage investments in
                innovation that support U.S. technological leadership.

         The PREVAIL Act, which passed the Senate Judiciary
                Committee in November, will help make the PTAB process more
                fair for inventors by protecting them from harassment by
                Big Tech and others who violate their IP rights.

         PERA will clarify categories of inventions that are
                eligible to receive patents, restoring needed certainty and
                predictability for American innovators and investors and
                ensuring the United States avoids ceding leadership in key
                technologies like AI to our foreign adversaries and
                competitors.

       Working to ensure agencies across the government recognize
            the critical importance of R&D leadership and IP to U.S.
            national security and economic competitiveness, and that policy
            decisions balance the need to impose restrictions on foreign
            adversaries with the need to promote U.S. innovation in key
            areas like antitrust, export controls, and trade.

       Ensuring the USPTO has the resources it needs to issue
            patents that promote U.S. technology leadership, while right-
            sizing parts of the agency, like the PTAB, that undermine this
            goal.

       Standing up to other countries that abuse their legal
            systems to obtain unfair advantage over U.S. innovators.

       Ensuring our allies in Europe and around the world respect
            strong IP rights as a bulwark against efforts to dominate
            global technology standards and the backbone of global
            technology advancement and cooperation.

        The confirmation of Howard Lutnick to serve as Secretary of
    Commerce will elevate a business leader who understands the importance
    of IP in maintaining U.S. global technology leadership. We also believe
    he will ensure the appointment of a strong USPTO director with
    experience in both innovation policy and managing large complex
    organizations to advance these goals.
        Thank you for considering our views on the importance of confirming
    Mr. Lutnick as Secretary of Commerce to protect U.S. global technology
    leadership and strengthen the U.S. patent system as the bedrock of U.S.
    innovation.
        Sincerely,
                                                  Brian Pomper,
                                                    Executive Director.
    Cc: Members of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation
                                     ______

                    NCTA--The Internet & Television Association
                                       Washington, DC, January 29, 2025

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chair,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    U.S. Senate,
     Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    U.S. Senate,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chair Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        At a time of rapid global change and increasingly complex economic
    challenges, the Department of Commerce needs a leader with a dynamic
    approach and a clear understanding of the opportunities and challenges
    facing American businesses and workers. As the nominee for Secretary of
    Commerce, Mr. Howard Lutnick is well-positioned to play a critical role
    in ensuring the U.S. economy remains competitive, resilient, and ready
    to adapt to the demands of a shifting global marketplace.
        Mr. Lutnick's impressive track record of success in the private
    sector demonstrates his ability to navigate complex systems, foster
    innovation, and deliver results. His leadership is poised to strengthen
    key industries, enhance American manufacturing, and advance
    technological innovation while championing fair and robust
    international trade practices.
        The position of Secretary of Commerce is one of the most vital
    roles in the Federal Government, directly influencing the policies and
    initiatives that shape our Nation's economic future. We are confident
    that Mr. Lutnick's experience, vision, and dedication will ensure that
    the Department continues to lead with purpose and effectiveness and we
    urge the Committee's swift consideration of his nomination.
                Sincerely,
                                             Michael K. Powell,
                                                     President and CEO,
                               NCTA--The Internet & Television Association.
                                     ______

    Prepared Statement from Alliance for the Future on the Confirmation of
                      Howard Lutnick as Commerce Secretary
        The Commerce Secretary plays a crucial role in supporting American
    innovation, competitiveness, and efficiency. AI is a top issue in this
    portfolio. Howard Lutnick has the experience, leadership, and vision to
    ensure that the future of AI goes hand in hand with the return of
    American greatness.
        In recent years, the Department of Commerce has been used to
    amplify AI fears with no basis in fact, hinder American science and
    industry, promote DEI, censor the speech of Americans, and unfairly cut
    off Americans' financial services because of their politics. Not only
    has the department slowed the uptake of AI across all sectors of the
    economy, but it has also threatened American national security by
    allowing China to challenge American digital leadership.
        Howard Lutnick understands the importance of this moment and the
    necessity of rescuing American AI policy to build an innovative and
    prosperous AI-powered future for the American people.
        He has a strong record of technological optimism, including
    supporting equal access to banking for cryptocurrency and traditional
    financial companies alike, and improving government efficiency. He is
    an excellent candidate for Commerce Secretary and Alliance for the
    Future supports his confirmation.
                                     ______

                 Public Safety Broadband Technology Association
                                Public Safety Spectrum Alliance
                                                          Las Vegas, NV

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chair,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chair Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:

        The White House recently announced the nomination of Howard Lutnick
    to serve as Secretary of Commerce. The Public Safety Broadband
    Technology Association (PSBTA) and the Public Safety Spectrum Alliance
    (PSSA) strongly support Mr. Lutnick's nomination. Not only does Mr.
    Lutnick's strong private sector experience make him an ideal candidate,
    but his personal experience related to 9/11 makes him an ideal
    selection to understand and support the public safety priorities within
    NTIA.
        As you know, FirstNet is an independent authority that resides
    within NTIA and the Department of Commerce. Having someone who
    understands the purpose of FirstNet and the critical need is important
    to all first responders across the country. Our association was founded
    by those that helped create FirstNet, and we know, better than anyone,
    how critical FirstNet is and how important good leadership is to
    understanding the FirstNet mission.
        As experts in the needs of Public Safety communications and
    FirstNet, please accept our strong support for Mr. Lutnick as Secretary
    of Commerce.
                Sincerely,
                                      Chief Al Gillespie (Ret),
                                                             President,
                                                                     PSBTA.
                                     ______

                                              Salem Media Group
                                                          Camarillo, CA

    Hon. Ted Cruz,
    Chairman,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.
    Hon. Maria Cantwell,
    Ranking Member,
    U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
    Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,

        On behalf of Salem Media Group, a leading multimedia company
    providing Christian and conservative talk programming to audiences
    across the nation, I am writing to express our enthusiastic support for
    the nomination of Mr. Howard Lutnick to serve as the next Secretary of
    Commerce. Having had the privilege of meeting Mr. Lutnick, I can
    personally attest to his exceptional leadership, extensive business
    acumen, and genuine commitment to fostering economic growth-qualities
    that make him an outstanding choice for this critical role.
        Mr. Lutnick's deep understanding of the complexities of global
    markets, coupled with his proven ability to foster meaningful public/
    private partnerships, positions him uniquely to advance the
    Department's mission. At Salem Media Group, we see firsthand how
    technological innovation, such as the growth of artificial
    intelligence, is reshaping industries. We trust that Mr. Lutnick will
    champion policies that drive innovation, promote fair competition, and
    bolster America's global competitiveness.
        We are confident that Mr. Lutnick will bring a results-oriented,
    forward-thinking approach to the Department of Commerce, ensuring it
    continues to play a pivotal role in driving economic prosperity and
    innovation. I, along with our Chief Executive Officer, David Santrella,
    wholeheartedly support his nomination and respectfully urge the
    Committee to advance his confirmation without delay.
        Thank you for considering our letter of support for Mr. Lutnick.
                Sincerely,
                                        Edward G. Atsinger III,
                             Cofounder/Executive Chairman of the Board,
                                                         Salem Media Group.
                                            David P. Santrella,
                                               Chief Executive Officer,
                                                         Salem Media Group.

        The Chairman. Senators will have until the close of
    business on Thursday, January 30, to submit questions for the
    record. The nominee will have until the end of the day on
    Saturday, February 1, to respond to those questions. And we had
    testimony about how hard you would work. So we are giving you a
    day.
        Mr. Lutnick. I got it.
        The Chairman. But we are moving promptly.
        That concludes today's hearing. The Committee stands
    adjourned.
        [Whereupon, at 1:42 p.m., the hearing was adjourned.]

                                A P P E N D I X

        Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Roger Wicker to
                                 Howard Lutnick
    Rice's Whale and Environmental Policies
        A group of environmental NGOs submitted a petition to the National
    Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) for a rulemaking to establish a year-
    round vessel speed limit and other vessel-related mitigation measures
    in the Rice's whale ``core'' habitat area. While NOAA denied the
    petition to establish vessel speed measures, they proposed a rule
    designating a critical habitat for the Rice's whale with little to no
    information on the species' life history or behavior. NOAA has actively
    pursued measures for Rice's whale at the expense of communities along
    the Gulf of Mexico based on very little conclusive evidence as to the
    presence of the Rice's whale in the central and western Gulf of Mexico.
    Imposing restrictions on development in the Gulf of Mexico would
    directly harm the economic activity and jobs across coastal
    communities.

        Question 1. It is unacceptable to impose regulations that have no
    scientific backing with significant impacts to coastal communities.
    Under your leadership as Secretary will you commit to ensuring that
    NMFS and NOAA use only science-backed research with strong supporting
    data before proposing any rulemaking?
        Answer. Yes. Imposing restrictions on development opportunities in
    the Gulf of America would have negative implications for economic
    activity and job growth. Substantial and conclusive evidence is
    necessary to ensure species' life history, behavior and other important
    factors are thoroughly considered so as not to needlessly harm coastal
    communities and our economy. I look forward to working with your office
    on the Rice's Whale issue.
    Recreational Fishing & Fisheries Data
        The Gulf States took over management of recreational Gulf Red
    Snapper fishing in 2017 during President Trump's first term. We have
    been impressed with the results posted by each of the Gulf States since
    then.

        Question 2. Will you continue to support policies from President
    Trump's first administration that empower the States' role in marine
    fisheries management?
        Answer. Yes. On November 5th, the American people made their voices
    heard and have worked to manage these fisheries more effectively. I
    look forward to working with your office on state management activities
    and how these could continue with the Gulf States.

        Question 3. Access to public waters is fundamental to any
    successful recreational fishery. The Biden Administration sought to
    keep America's anglers and boaters off the water. Will you focus on
    policies that provide access and opportunity to America's oceans?
        Answer. Yes. America's anglers and boaters are an important part of
    our economy. I will work to help reduce unnecessary burden for
    recreational activities and fishing, including policies that provide
    access and opportunity to enjoy America's ocean resources.

        Question 4. States are producing excellent fisheries data, yet NOAA
    Fisheries continues to use their own opaque data system. Will you
    foster policies that broaden the definition of ``Best Scientific
    Information Available (BSIA)'' to include data gathered by the States?
        Answer. I look forward to learning more about this issue and
    working closely with your office on potential policy initiatives.
    Seafood Production
        Seafood production is a major economic driver in Mississippi,
    generating hundreds of millions of dollars and thousands of jobs
    annually. But the United States imports about 80 percent of the seafood
    we eat, and we have a seafood trade deficit of over $20 billion. The
    U.S. can and should urgently address this seafood deficit--and that
    starts with producing more fresh, healthy, and sustainable seafood at
    home through marine aquaculture. NOAA, the largest agency in your
    department, oversees and manages our marine fisheries and aquaculture.
    NOAA must lead the way in addressing the seafood trade deficit by
    expanding our marine aquaculture.

        Question 5. Do you commit to addressing the seafood deficit through
    the continued growth of marine aquaculture?
        Answer. Addressing the U.S. seafood deficit is important for the
    ocean economy and global competitiveness. The Department will work on
    ways to address this deficit by creating opportunities to increase our
    seafood exports, including marine aquaculture production. I look
    forward to learning more about this issue and working closely with your
    office on possible solutions.
    Tech Hubs
        The Department of Commerce has the opportunity to grow innovative
    markets through the Economic Development Administration's (EDA)
    Regional Technology and Innovation Hubs (Tech Hubs) program. This
    program focuses on driving regional growth and global competitiveness
    through development of critical and emerging technologies by creating
    consortia of public, private, and academic partners. My colleagues and
    I worked hard to ensure this program was created and remains adequately
    funded. Under President Biden, the U.S Commerce Department shifted away
    from the Congressional intent of locating new Tech Hubs in
    traditionally underrepresented Federal research regions and instead
    prioritized awards to existing, already developed programs in
    metropolitan statistical areas with ties to organized labor.

        Question 6. Will the Department designate more Tech Hubs in 2025,
    rather than simply giving more funds to the Tech Hubs designated by the
    previous Administration?
        Answer. I will work with you and other members of Congress to
    ensure that Economic Development Administration Tech Hubs are
    thoughtfully distributed throughout the country.

        Question 7. What research and commercialization areas will the
    Department of Commerce and the Economic Development Administration
    prioritize under your leadership?
        Answer. I will ensure the Department and the Economic Development
    Administration prioritize research and commercialization areas well
    suited to boost American economic and job growth.
    Oil and Gas Exploration
        The Department of Commerce has a potentially significant impact on
    offshore oil and gas exploration, development, and production
    activities. Mississippi is home to the country's 11th largest refinery
    which produces about 356,000 barrels of oil a day into downstream
    products. One of Mississippi's other facilities is a leading global
    manufacturer of naphthenic process oils (used in industrial
    applications such as printing inks, transformer oils, and refrigerator
    oils).

        Question 8. Mississippi's salt caverns storage capability makes it
    a major player in the natural gas space--9 of its 10 largest power
    plants rely primarily on natural gas. It is also home to one of the
    country's largest natural gas processing plants, in addition to an
    import terminal. Recently, this facility received approval to export
    LNG. How will you ensure that retaliatory tariffs on Natural Gas do not
    impact this facility's ability to operate?
        Answer. For too long, many countries have limited American
    exporters' ability to access their markets, even as the United States
    granted their companies unfettered access to the largest market in the
    world. I expect that President Trump's trade policies, and his
    commitments to deregulation and American energy independence will help
    Mississippi's power plants, processing plants, and natural gas
    exporters expand their sales and production.
    Data Privacy & Artificial Intelligence
        Data privacy guidelines have implications for the artificial
    intelligence space and other areas of modern innovation. Free market
    innovation drives the American economy forward, but there can be no
    innovation without entrepreneurs' willingness to take financial risks
    on their big ideas.
        The current patchwork of state data privacy standards creates
    financial and legal burdens for investments in AI and other startups.

        Question 9. Will you commit to working with Congress on a unified
    data privacy standard that protects consumers while eliminating the
    costly patchwork of overlapping and conflicting state laws?
        Answer. I will ensure the Department works with Congress on data
    privacy standards and provides its expertise and knowledge as needed.

        Question 10. Will you commit to aligning NIST's ongoing work with
    the Trump administration's vision to ensure the United States remains
    dominant in the face of AI competition in other areas of the world?
        Answer. Yes.
    Trade
        Mississippi has several industries and companies that have been
    affected by the lack of enforcement of trade laws in countries like
    Vietnam, Ecuador, and Venezuela. I am strongly supportive of the
    Presidents efforts to address the U.S. trade deficit and unfair trading
    practices by our trading partners. We must protect our domestic
    producers from who are already operating under increasingly tight
    margins.

        Question 11. Will you commit to enforcing strong trade laws
    including anti-dumping and countervailing duties to protect America
    industries? Will you also commit to examining rule of origin provisions
    to ensure American companies are not over-taxed on their domestic
    operations?
        Answer. I commit to enforcing strong trade laws and ensuring
    American industries and American workers are fully protected from
    foreign actors and unfair trading practices.
    European Union Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive
        The European Union's Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence
    Directive (CS3D) that was recently adopted by the EU, will impose
    significant costs on thousands of U.S. companies doing business in
    Europe. This comes at a time when U.S. exports of natural gas are
    keeping the heat on in Europe this winter because the regulatory
    structure there has caused companies to flee. Yet the EU is attempting
    to harm the competitive advantages of U.S. companies by forcing them to
    comply with CS3D.

        Question 12. What will you do as Commerce Secretary to ensure that
    the U.S. government delivers the most robust of responses against CS3D
    implementation--or implementation of any similar extraterritorial
    legislation enacted by a foreign government with implications for U.S.
    businesses?
        Answer. The CS3D imposes a significant burden on American
    corporations. I will consider using all available trade tools at the
    Department's disposal, as appropriate, to respond to any actions by
    foreign governments, including the EU, that harm the American economy
    and impose unreasonable burdens on our companies.
                                     ______

        Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Jerry Moran to
                                 Howard Lutnick
    1. Department of Commerce/Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
        Can you share more about how your ``direct responsibilities'' over
    the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative will work?
        Answer. The statutory responsibilities of USTR remain unchanged.
    The Department and USTR will collaborate to ensure a strong America
    First trade policy is implemented under President Trump's leadership.
    2. International Trade Administration
        What will the Department of Commerce and the International Trade
    Administration do to prioritize expanding international trade
    opportunities for rural businesses and U.S. farmers? How will you work
    with ITA to put U.S. businesses in an advantageous position to compete
    with Chinese exporters?
        Answer. Promoting exports for American companies is a key part of
    the America First trade agenda. Rural businesses and farmers form the
    backbone of the economy in America's heartland, and I am committed to
    expanding access to additional markets for rural businesses and
    agricultural producers. In doing so, I will also work with our trading
    partners around the world to address subsidized, dumped, and unfairly
    traded Chinese exports that limit the opportunities for American
    companies and farmers to sell their products into foreign markets.
    3. Antidumping and Countervailing Duties (AD/CVD)
        The Department of Commerce is charged with ensuring fair trade
    through the rigorous enforcement of our trade laws. Illegal trade
    practices such as dumping or subsidies by foreign governments undermine
    our industries and harm America's workers. We have observed that the
    demand for antidumping and countervailing duty investigations into
    unfairly traded imports drastically increased in the last year and that
    the Commerce's work in this space has nearly tripled over the last
    decade.

       What are your plans to ensure that Commerce has the
            resources and tools it needs to rigorously enforce the trade
            laws and ensure domestic industries can compete on a level
            playing field?
        Answer. Antidumping and countervailing duty investigations are
    critical to protecting American industry and its workers. I plan to
    closely study the resources and tools at the Department's disposal and
    work with Congress to ensure the Department has the full capabilities
    to enforce trade laws and effectively protect domestic industry.

       Have decisions by the Courts hampered Commerce's ability to
            enforce antidumping and countervailing duty laws?
        Answer. I am committed to ensuring the Department complies with all
    court decisions, including those by the Court of International Trade
    and the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. I am aware of several
    decisions remanding determinations by the Department, including with
    respect to the application of adverse facts available and particular
    market situations.

       If yes, how do you plan to work with Congress to address
            weakened enforcement due to adverse court rulings?
        Answer. Please see prior answer.

       What legislative changes would you propose to update the
            antidumping and countervailing laws to improve enforcement
            efforts?
        Answer. I look forward to working with your office on potential
    legislative changes that would strengthen and clarify the Department's
    authority to impose antidumping and countervailing duties.
    4. Section 232 Tariffs
        Do you anticipate additional Section 232 tariffs on steel to be
    implemented against Mexico or new ones against Canada?
        Answer. I understand the Department is currently studying the
    current steel tariffs in response to the America First Trade
    Memorandum. I cannot prejudge the results of that study or predict how
    President Trump may react to its findings.
    5. Further Export Control Question
        The December 2024 Commerce Department National Security Strategy--
    the first of its kind--outlines the state of ``intense global
    competition with China'' in emerging technologies like semiconductors
    and describes China as supplanting the U.S.'s position in the value
    chain for its manufacturing. Your presumptive future colleague, USTR
    nominee Jamieson Greer, called for expanding export controls on China
    to prevent this, including on semiconductors and advanced technologies
    like quantum computing and AI.

       What loopholes do you see in our country's current export
            controls and how will you ensure robust protection of strategic
            goods' IP and products belonging to U.S. companies?
        Answer. I am committed to making any necessary changes to prevent
    malign actors from exploiting America's innovation ecosystem. I
    understand the America First Trade Policy Presidential Memorandum
    directs the Department to assess these matters and prepare a report to
    the President. As I have not been confirmed, I can neither speak to
    those efforts nor get ahead of that process. I can say, however, that
    these issues are a top priority.
    6. Export Control Policies
        A major focus of Commerce Department thus far has been disrupting
    China's development of artificial intelligence tools. However, we have
    seen recent evidence that the steps taken thus far are inadequate. A
    Chinese company called DeepSeek has released an AI model that seems to
    rival U.S. models and was, according to the company, trained using
    less-advanced chips.
        This challenges the convention that export controls on advanced
    semiconductors will slow Chinese development of cutting-edge AI models.

       Will you work with me to determine a path forward on export
            controls that adequately addresses China's military
            modernization and ability to develop dual use technologies?
        Answer. Absolutely. This is a priority I share with you and the
    Committee.
        In addition to confronting China, export controls are critical to
    stemming the flow of sensitive technologies to Iran, which has used
    front companies to avoid detection.

       If confirmed, what steps will you undertake to stop the flow
            of U.S. goods and technology to Iran?
        Answer. I intend for strong enforcement of export controls to be a
    hallmark of my tenure. The Department's enforcement teams must have the
    resources necessary to meet that standard.
    7. Global Tariff
        In the America First Trade Policy memorandum published by President
    Trump, Commerce has been tasked, in consultation with Treasury and
    USTR, with investigating use cases of a ``global supplemental tariff.''

       Before implementing any new tariffs, will you commit to
            carefully analyzing the potential impacts of tariff increases
            including consultation with industry?
        Answer. Yes. As directed by the President, the Department will play
    a coordinating role with its interagency partners and carefully study
    this issue before reaching any decisions.
    8. Competing Budget Priorities
        How do you anticipate balancing the ramp up of the Census and
    recapitalization of NOAA weather satellites and aircraft during what
    may be a flat budget environment?
        Answer. The Department of Commerce will carry out its mandate to
    faithfully execute the President's budget subject to Congressional
    approval.
    9. CHIPS
        Several Senators in the hearing--including members of the Committee
    on Commerce, Science, and Transportation--have recently met with you to
    raise concerns on across-the-board tariffs as well as discuss carrying
    out the goals outlined in the CHIPS and Science Act.

       As Commerce Secretary, what is your approach to the
            bipartisan CHIPS and Science Act?
        Answer. The Department plays a key role in advancing the Nation's
    technological competitiveness in everything from semiconductors to AI,
    to increasing the availability of spectrum. I plan to ensure that the
    Department continues to make sure that America leads in these key areas
    and to oversee the responsibilities of the Department to ensure that
    America is in a stronger and more competitive position through our
    efforts.

       As you think about the CHIPS Program and future initiatives
            to bolster U.S. semiconductor manufacturing, do you agree that
            it is important for the U.S. to encourage the manufacturing of
            all major types of semiconductors in the U.S., including both
            logic and memory semiconductors?
        Answer. Semiconductors for logic, memory, and other applications
    (RF, photonics, etc.) are critical to our daily lives and national
    security. Ensuring that the U.S. has robust domestic manufacturing
    capacity and supply chains to support these efforts is critical.

       Will you ensure the CHIPS program directly supports small
            and medium size semiconductor companies, including those
            companies in rural parts of the country?
        Answer. Yes. The CHIPS program funds large, medium, and small-sized
    semiconductor manufacturing and semi-conductor supply chain related
    companies across the country. I will ensure that future investments
    support companies that advance the economic and national security of
    the United States.

       Additionally, will you ensure that all parts of the
            semiconductor supply chain are supported by the CHIPS program,
            including companies engaged in packaging and testing
            semiconductors?
        Answer. Yes.
    10. Promoting Tourism to the U.S.
        The U.S. Department of Commerce plays an important role in
    supporting tourism through its National Travel and Tourism Office
    (NTTO), which is part of the International Trade Administration. By
    promoting tourism, the Department helps drive economic growth. The
    travel and tourism industry in the U.S. generates significant revenue,
    supports millions of jobs, and contributes to local economies.
        As Secretary of Commerce, what are your priorities for supporting
    travel to and within the United States, especially considering major
    upcoming tourism events like the FIFA World Cup in 2026, in which
    Kansas City will be a Host City?
        Answer. As Secretary of Commerce, I will promote America's cities
    and events to the fullest extent. Major events, including the FIFA
    World Cup in 2026, provide incredible opportunities to highlight
    American spirit and enterprise in places such as Kansas City.
    11. The 2027 National Travel and Tourism Strategy
        The National Travel and Tourism Strategy is a comprehensive,
    government-led initiative developed to promote travel and tourism to
    the United States, while also ensuring that the sector supports
    economic growth, job creation, and community development. The strategy
    aims to strengthen the U.S. tourism industry by addressing challenges
    and opportunities, fostering partnerships, and creating a coordinated,
    whole-of-government approach to tourism promotion and policy.
        The National Travel and Tourism Strategy is issued every five
    years, with the next update expected in 2027. In alignment with the
    Trump Administration's agenda to promote innovation, will you commit to
    addressing in the next National Travel and Tourism Strategy how
    emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, can promote
    travel and tourism to and within the United States and maximize its
    economic benefits to all Americans?
        Answer. Yes. I commit to working with the Administration and
    Congress to address how emerging technologies can promote travel and
    tourism within the United States and benefit all Americans.
    12. Refineries
        Kansas has three refineries, which combined can process about
    408,000 barrels of crude oil per calendar day. The state's refineries
    account for about 2 percent of the Nation's refining capacity, and
    produce a variety of petroleum products, including diesel fuel, motor
    gasoline, and jet fuel. Are you concerned about the ability of these
    refineries to produce downstream products in the face of tariffs on
    crude imports?
        Answer. As President Trump has directed, I am committed to
    unleashing American energy and expanding the capability for energy
    producers at all steps of the supply chain and refining process to
    flourish.
    13. Boycotts of Israel
        The Commerce Department is responsible for enforcing U.S. anti-
    boycott laws, which discourage and, in some circumstances, prohibit
    U.S. companies from furthering or supporting the boycott of Israel
    fostered or imposed by foreign countries. Unfortunately, we've seen a
    surge in foreign boycott activity targeting our ally Israel in the wake
    of October 7th.

       If confirmed, ensure full enforcement of U.S. anti-boycott
            laws and regulations?
        Answer. Yes, absolutely.

       In dealings with countries that support boycotts of Israel,
            will you make it a priority to encourage them to end such
            support?
        Answer. Yes.

       Current anti-boycott laws only apply to unsanctioned foreign
            boycotts imposed or fostered by foreign countries. Would you
            commit to working with Congress to clarify our anti-boycott
            laws to make clear that cooperation with boycotts fostered by
            international governmental organizations, like the U.N. Human
            Rights Council, is not permitted?
        Answer. I will ensure the Department is available to offer
    technical assistance with drafting updated legislation.

       I am concerned that ESG rating firms are encouraging
            boycotts of Israel by downgrading companies doing business in
            Israel. Would you be open to having the Office of Anti-Boycott
            Compliance look at the issue of ESG rating firms and determine
            how Federal anti-boycott statutes may apply to the work of
            these firms?
        Answer. Yes. I am open to having the Department's Office of Anti-
    Boycott Compliance review this issue.

       The United States and Israel have long had an important
            economic relationship. If confirmed, how will you work to
            deepen and expand that relationship?
        Answer. The Department has numerous tools at its disposal to
    further deepen the country's economic ties to Israel through promotion
    of bilateral trade and investment. The Department can also look into
    ways for the country's intellectual property and scientific communities
    to collaborate further through USPTO and NIST.
    14. Abraham Accords
        President Trump achieved a historic accomplishment with the 2020
    Abraham Accords. The agreements saw normalization between Israel and
    some of our regional partners in the Middle East. The Abraham Accords
    have vast economic potential that could positively impact the region
    and the United States. However, over the past couple of years, efforts
    to expand the Abraham Accords have stalled.

       As Secretary of Commerce, how would you work to expand and
            deepen the economic and trade aspects of the Abraham Accords?
        Answer. While the Abraham Accords have many moving parts, what will
    strengthen them in the long term is economic normalization, bilateral
    trade, and investment. The Department, through its Foreign Commercial
    Service, is well-positioned to promote and facilitate the strong
    economic ties that will lead to peace and prosperity throughout the
    region.
    15. Aerospace Supply Chain
        The American aerospace sector is a major economic driver in Kansas
    and the United States, with the largest trade balance--valued at over
    $110 billion--among all U.S. manufacturing sectors. The industry
    workforce stands strong with more than 2.21 million, with employees in
    every state.
        The aerospace industry also outpaced national averages in job
    creation and compensation--about 50 percent above the national average
    in wages and benefits--while playing a pivotal role in delivering
    innovative technology underlying America's national security and
    commercial leadership.

       What are your plans to bolster the aerospace supply chain
            and ensure continued growth of the U.S. aerospace industry and
            its highly skilled workforce? How will the Commerce Department
            work with other agencies to achieve these goals?
        Answer. The aerospace industry relies heavily on exporting, and I
    am committed to supporting American companies' ability to access
    foreign markets. This includes the Department's participation in the
    international aerospace and defense trade shows that provide
    opportunities for our aerospace companies to expand their international
    sales. Additionally, I am committed to strengthening our supply chains
    for all industries and am aware of the need, in particular, to
    strengthen our resiliency for supplying critical minerals, which are
    essential to the aerospace industry.
    16. Fertilizers
        The current duties on phosphate mean that our farmers have to
    purchase inputs at prices higher than other farmers around the world
    but can only receive world market prices for their production.

        Are you concerned about ensuring adequate supply of these
    fertilizers, and ensuring competitive, reliable markets for this
    critical ag input for farmers?
        Answer. I am aware of the situation concerning phosphate prices. I
    am concerned about all aspects of the American economy, including the
    impact of high prices on farmers, and am committed to opening markets
    to American exporters on a fair, competitive, and reliable basis.

        Will you commit to consulting with the Secretary of Agriculture as
    the Department of Commerce considers the long-term impacts on
    fertilizer supplies and their impact on U.S. agricultural
    competitiveness?
        Answer. Yes.
    17. Natural Resource Management
        Have you been briefed on NOAA's protected resource
    responsibilities, which have tremendous impact on ocean industries
    including fishing (e.g., Maine's lobster industry), and offshore energy
    production?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will have briefings to learn more
    about NOAA's protected resource responsibilities and the impact they
    have on ocean industries and offshore energy production.

       Given the terrible drought facing many Kansan farmers, what
            investments should NOAA make to better forecast seasonal
            weather to improve water management for our agricultural
            sector?
        Answer. NOAA will prioritize American farmers with its investments
    in better seasonal weather forecasts for agricultural water management.
    18. Forecasting
        NOAA plays an important role in providing life-saving forecasts
    during extreme weather in my state, as well as seasonal forecasts that
    farmers and ranchers in Kansas use to manage their water resources.

       Given the advancements in AI and computational sciences--are
            you aware of opportunities for NOAA to leverage private sector
            resources to get more value out of our weather data to: a)
            protect Americans from severe storms and, b) help farmers and
            ranchers better manage their water resources?
        Answer. Yes. I look forward to learning more about this topic and
    working closely with your office.
    19. Space Commerce
        The Department's Office of Space Commerce has the important role of
    ``foster[ing] the conditions for the economic growth and technological
    advancement of the U.S. commercial space industry.''

       Under your supervision, how will you organize the Department
            to enable the robust growth of our innovative commercial space
            ecosystem?
        Answer. The Department will enable robust growth of our commercial
    space ecosystem by ensuring that our leading domestic space industry is
    not hampered by overly burdensome regulations and has the full support
    of the Administration to ensure American leadership in space continues.
    20. Unified Federal Data Privacy Standard
        Given the interconnected nature of commerce today, many small
    businesses face compliance hurdles under our patchwork of more than 20
    separate U.S. privacy laws. Different state laws also create confusion
    for consumers.

       As Commerce Secretary, will you work with Congress on a
            unified data privacy standard to protect consumers that
            provides strong protections to Americans and certainty to small
            businesses?
        Answer. Yes. I am committed to working with Congress on data
    privacy standards and making available the Department's knowledge and
    expertise as needed.
                                     ______

         Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tim Sheehy to
                                 Howard Lutnick
        Question 1. Montana's Headwaters is one of 31 nationwide leading on
    next-generation technology. It connects entrepreneurs across the state
    and supports good jobs, but it also competes in a national and global
    technological race with foreign adversaries. Will you commit to
    continuing support for Tech Hubs?
        Answer. Yes.

        Question 2. Semiconductor export controls have sometimes harmed
    American companies, including in Montana, and helped foreign entities,
    jeopardizing our technological leadership. Will you review
    semiconductor export control rules to ensure that American companies
    are the ones benefiting?
        Answer. Yes. I will keep in mind all industries and their important
    trading relationships as I work with President Trump to strengthen our
    economy and unleash American energy.

        Question 3. A NOAA report on rebuilding Columbia Basin salmon
    created a new ``harvest'' recovery standard. This standard is an
    unworkable excuse for dam removal and impacts Montana farmers and co-
    ops. Will you commit to working with stakeholders to ensure appropriate
    scientific standards?
        Answer. NOAA's work should follow a rigorous application of the
    scientific method.

        Question 4. Refineries in Montana need Canadian crude for diesel
    that is critical to our farmers, ranchers, and truckers. As you
    continue to engage other countries on trade issues, will you keep in
    mind the importance of Canadian crude to states like Montana?
        Answer. Yes.

        Question 5. President Trump is setting a new path for American
    energy abundance. Will you work to ensure the fair treatment of
    American electricity generators by Canadian energy authorities so that
    U.S. energy can access valuable markets?
        Answer. Absolutely.

        Question 6. The global technology race is more expansive than
    semiconductor chips. U.S. companies, including those in Montana, need
    support for multiple forms of advanced technology. Will you work to
    make support initiatives available for more technologies that may not
    fall under existing Federal opportunities?
        Answer. As directed by the Export Control Reform Act, the
    Department will constantly examine critical and emerging technologies
    that may require unilateral or multilateral controls. I look forward to
    working with your office to identify any areas of particular concern to
    you and your constituents.

        Question 7. Sawmills in Montana are subject to unfair competition
    from Canada. Will you prioritize effective enforcement of antidumping
    and countervailing duty laws, and will you hold unfair actors and
    practices accountable?
        Answer. Yes.

        Question 8. Some states have excess BEAD funding, some of which is
    ``non-deployment'' funding for social and DEI policies. Other states
    like Montana have infrastructure needs but no excess funding. Will you
    reconsider the use of ``non-deployment'' funds and review BEAD's
    funding allocation framework?
        Answer. Yes. I plan to closely review BEAD funding and ensure
    thoughtful consideration is provided to all states.

        Question 9. The GSP trade program helps allies and improves supply
    chain resilience for critical Montana industries. Will you support GSP
    reauthorization?
        Answer. While Congress is the ultimate decision maker on GSP
    authorization, I look forward to consulting with you as Congress
    considers the future of the program.
                                     ______

        Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Dan Sullivan to
                                 Howard Lutnick
    Alaska Salmon Research Task Force Act:
        Salmon is a way of life in Alaska and a primary food source for
    many in the state. Fisheries closures and depressed stocks shake the
    foundation of our daily lives.
        Luckily, you've got a basis to work on. My Alaska Salmon Research
    Task Force Act was signed into law in 2022 and had NOAA collaborate
    with salmon experts in Alaska to chart a path forward to research why
    we are seeing such decreased abundance of salmon.
        The report was released last summer with suggestions of discrete,
    meaningful research projects that we can undertake to get to the bottom
    of this issue.

        Question 1. Mr. Lutnick, can you commit to working with me to
    prioritize and build upon the work we have started to better understand
    why our salmon runs are decreasing in Alaska?
        Answer. Yes. This is an important issue that I plan to learn more
    about, and I look forward to working with you on this matter.
    Consultation:
        Mr. Lutnick, the previous administration had a history of taking
    unilateral executive actions that affected our state--to my count 70--
    executive orders and actions that affected Alaska. On the vast majority
    of those, our Congressional delegation nor our state were consulted.

        Question 2. Can you commit to consulting with our office before
    your agency takes any action that would directly affect my state and my
    constituents?
        Answer. Yes. I commit to working with your office on any Alaska-
    related issues.
    Marine Monuments/Sanctuaries:
        President Biden's Executive Order 14008, Tackling the Climate
    Crisis at Home and Abroad, including his `30 x 30' goal of conserving
    at least 30 percent of U.S. lands and waters by 2030, and other
    subsequent Executive Orders to impose fishing restrictions in Marine
    National Monuments represented a substantial overreach of authority by
    using it to circumvent the Department of Commerce's statutory
    authorities to manage U.S. fisheries.
        Those actions as well as actions he took with respect to National
    Marine Sanctuaries including in his Presidential Memorandum on
    Conserving the Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Pacific Remote
    Islands, would needlessly contribute to the destruction of U.S.
    fisheries that are among the most well managed in the world. Following
    that Presidential Memorandum, NOAA's National Marine Sanctuary Office's
    proposed Pacific Remote Islands National Marine Sanctuary further
    threatens to destroy the tuna fishery-dependent economy of the U.S.
    Territory of American Samoa which is vital to U.S. national security
    interests in the Indo-Pacific region. I should add that President Biden
    also restored Obama-era fishery closures in the Northeast Canyons and
    Seamounts Marine National Monument off New England--fishery closures
    that President Trump reversed in his first term.

        Question 3. Mr. Lutnick, NOAA's management of U.S. fisheries
    pursuant to the Magnuson-Stevens Act may not be perfect--and we are
    always making improvements to it--but U.S. fishery management under
    this statute is by orders of magnitude the most intensive and effective
    in the world. No one--not President Biden nor NOAA's Marine Sanctuary
    Office--should be able to circumvent this well tested process.

        Question 4. Consistent with actions already taken last week by
    President Trump to rescind EO 14008 and other Biden executive orders
    and administrative actions, can we rely on you, Mr. Lutnick, and your
    NOAA Administrator, to work further with the White House to withdraw
    and/or reverse any other administrative actions including unilateral
    closures to U.S. fisheries in Marine National Monuments or National
    Marine Sanctuaries that are harmful to our well managed U.S. fisheries?
        Answer. Yes. I will work with the White House on the administrative
    actions needed to reduce burdens on fishermen and well-managed
    fisheries.
    Permitting:
        As you know, Federal permitting and other approvals or requirements
    placed on infrastructure and energy projects has become increasingly
    lengthy and expensive. We have also seen mid-level Federal employees
    able to use these various approvals to increase the cost or totally
    kill important projects that support our economy and wellbeing of the
    American people based on ideology rather than the law and facts on the
    ground. Unfortunately, the National Marine Fisheries Service within the
    Department of Commerce is one of the agencies that I've seen abuse its
    authorities to stall projects or place such costly conditions on them
    that it doesn't make sense to build. As we all work to efficiently and
    affordably develop infrastructure and energy resources, it is essential
    that these regulatory agencies have significant political oversight to
    ensure there is accountability to the American people.

        Question 5. Will you commit to working with me to make sure the
    Department takes steps to insert more common sense and objectivity when
    implementing environmental regulations under its jurisdiction?
        Answer. Yes. The country needs NOAA's regulations to follow good
    science and be supported by scientifically accurate findings.
    Technology:
        Data and technology are critical drivers of our Nation's economy,
    and I commend this administration for its focus on unleashing
    technology and innovation. As Alaskans know firsthand, nowhere is this
    more important than in our coasts and oceans. Alaska, with its vast
    coastline and vital maritime industries, faces significant challenges
    due to under-mapped coastlines and seafloors, which increase risks for
    shipping and fishing while limiting opportunities to fully utilize this
    immense resource. Addressing these gaps with better, faster, and more
    cost-effective technologies is essential for unlocking economic
    potential, securing maritime borders, and protecting lives and
    livelihoods.

        Question 6. As Secretary of Commerce, will you commit to empowering
    NOAA to continue its important work in ocean data collection and
    accelerate the deployment of innovative marine technologies to enhance
    economic growth, maritime safety, and national security?
        Answer. Yes. The work NOAA does is very important and should
    continue.
    Russian Seafood Reciprocity:
        Russia has banned U.S. seafood from its markets since 2014.
    However, for many years, Russia was not subject to any special import
    duties in the U.S. Meanwhile, Russia has drastically increased seafood
    production since 2022 and is openly working to flood both U.S. and
    global markets with cheap seafood to push out U.S. product.
        All the while, our hardworking fishermen could not export a single
    fish to Russia. For nearly 10 years we allowed them to do this and for
    years, I advocated to address this asymmetrical and very unfair trade
    relationship. I was finally successful in getting the previous
    Administration to issue a couple of executive orders to put a stop to
    this and restore reciprocity. If we can't enter the Russian market,
    they shouldn't be able to flood ours.
        EO 14068 in 2022 banned imports of Russian seafood. However, Russia
    found a loophole by laundering their seafood through China to
    circumvent the ban. EO 14114 in 2023 closed this loophole and made it
    abundantly clear than any seafood harvested in Russia is banned from
    import into the U.S.--even if it goes through processing in another
    country.
        Russia is our biggest competitor in a lot of the seafood market,
    and just like China, they don't play fair.

        Question 7. Mr. Lutnick, will you commit to keeping these
    reciprocal executive orders--EO 14068 and EO 14114--in place? They are
    critical to keeping our seafood trade fair.
        Answer. I am fully committed to protecting Alaskan fishermen from
    unfair trade practices and will work with your office on best
    approaches to achieve our shared goals.
    Alaska Seafood Industry Roundtable:
        Mr. Lutnick, I cannot overemphasize how dire the situation for our
    seafood industry currently is. We are in serious decline and have lost
    over $4 billion in revenue in just the last few years. Much of this
    comes down to poor trade deals and our competitors not playing fair.
        There is extensive reporting on why we are struggling to compete.
    Russia, at a government level, has made it a goal to push American
    producers out of the market. They are heavily subsidizing their fishing
    industry and their sustainability record pales in comparison to the
    United States' gold standard. China is even worse. Illegal, unreported,
    and unregulated (IUU) fishing runs rampant in the Chinese sector, and
    even worse, there are innumerable documented reports of forced labor
    within their industry--particularly in processing.
        Our hardworking Americans simply cannot compete in the market
    against countries who are disregarding our environmental standards and
    using forced labor. During the last administration, I organized a
    roundtable with our seafood industry leaders and Secretary Raimondo.
    During that meeting, Secretary Raimondo committed to working with us to
    implement a strategy to:

      1.  Align G7 nations on economic sanctions against Russian-harvested
            seafood;

      2.  Establish fair terms of trade in global seafood markets;

      3.  Accelerate fisheries science and management;

      4.  Incentivize investment in modernizing the U.S. seafood supply
            chain; and

      5.  Fully integrate seafood into domestic food security initiatives.

        Question 8. Will you allow me to organize another roundtable for
    you so that you can hear firsthand how we can return to being a seafood
    powerhouse?
        Answer. Yes. I look forward to working with you on this issue.
    National Energy Council:
        I recognize that the upstream side of LNG and other Alaskan energy
    is not directly within your responsibility at the Department of
    Commerce, but I want to bring attention to how important your role in
    this space is.
        As I mentioned earlier, the President's executive orders made it
    very clear that we have an energy emergency in this country and that it
    is the policy of the United States to avail itself of Alaska's
    resources to help overcome this.
        A huge part of pulling us out of this energy emergency is going to
    be creating strong and fair trade agreements. We saw the disastrous
    efforts of the previous administration to block LNG exports, and we
    cannot have a repeat of that.

        Question 9. The President's newly created National Energy Council
    is going to be critical in forming good policy that will unleash our
    resources. I think it would be important for you to have a seat on that
    Council. Mr. Lutnick, would you be interested in getting onto the
    President's National Energy Council?
        Answer. I am interested in serving the President in any capacity he
    sees fit.
    Marine Stewardship Council:
        Mr. Lutnick, you may be aware of the London-based Marine
    Stewardship Council (MSC). It provides the blue check you might see on
    seafood in the grocery store. That blue check is supposed to signify
    that the seafood comes from fisheries that adhere to the highest
    standards of sustainability and responsible management.
        However, the MSC has come under intense scrutiny in recent years
    for certifying undeserving seafood products. Most troubling is the
    MSC's continuing certification of Russian fisheries. Use of the blue
    check on seafood from MSC-certified Russian fisheries generates many
    millions of dollars in revenue every year for the MSC. The MSC has
    chosen to maintain those certificates despite fatal problems with the
    third-party auditing process in Russia and serious and growing problems
    with Russian fisheries management.

        Question 10. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, will you ensure that the
    Federal government provides no direct or indirect support for the MSC's
    certification of Russian seafood?
        Answer. I commit to working with your office to ensure that
    American seafood adheres to the highest standards of sustainability and
    responsible management.
    China Phase One Agreement:
        We all know that China lies and does not follow through on its
    promises--what I refer to as promise fatigue. During President Trump's
    first term, I worked closely with him and his team on the first phase
    of the Economic and Trade Agreement Between the United States of
    American and the People's Republic of China. Under that agreement,
    China was supposed to double its purchases of American seafood over 4
    years, moving from about an $800 million baseline in 2017 and amounting
    to about $400 million annually.
        For the first two years after the agreement, China's purchases
    actually decreased. Four years later, their purchases are still about
    7.8 percent below pre-COVID levels. This latest lie from the Chinese
    government is dramatically hurting our hardworking American fishermen.

        Question 11. Mr. Lutnick, if you end up reengaging on China on this
    issue, will you commit to bringing this up and pushing to hold the
    Chinese to their end of the agreement?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will ensure the Department takes a
    holistic approach in addressing the U.S.-China trading relationship,
    including consideration of past practices and behaviors by the Chinese
    government. I will work diligently to ensure our trading partners fully
    comply with all terms of our agreements.
    NMFS in the Department of Commerce:
        There is concern among fishermen in the North Pacific about an idea
    involving moving NMFS to the Department of the Interior. The first time
    I heard this suggestion was 15 years ago from President Obama.
        Due to opposition from me and others, that proposal went away. For
    better or worse, NMFS has been managing our fisheries for over 50 years
    at this point, and the Magnuson-Stevens Act directs the Department of
    Commerce to do so.
        While I fully support efforts to streamline our agencies to more
    efficiently serve the American people, I want to make sure the people
    who have Federal fisheries expertise--and can help us in the trade
    world--remain the ones working on the issue.

        Question 12. Is it your intention to keep NOAA and the National
    Marine Fisheries Service under the Department of Commerce?
        Answer. Yes.
    FirstNet:
        First Responder Network Authority, commonly referred to as
    FirstNet, was created in response to the communication failures
    experienced by first responders during and after the 9/11 attacks.
    Through a unique public-private partnership recommended by the 9/11
    Commission and established during the first Trump administration, the
    U.S. has built a nationwide, interoperable high-speed wireless network
    dedicated to first responders--without relying on taxpayer dollars or
    congressional appropriations.
        While FirstNet has a service provider under contract through 2042,
    the authority for FirstNet expires in 2027. The potential sunset of the
    authority puts this public safety network service at risk, and
    threatens access to billions in network investments associated with
    this public-private partnership.

        Question 13. Given FirstNet's proven effectiveness in aiding first
    responders during hurricanes, critical incidents like the Butler,
    Pennsylvania assassination attempt on President Trump, and other
    significant events, will you commit to working with Congress to
    reauthorize the FirstNet Authority before it expires?
        Answer. Yes. I commit to working with Congress on issues regarding
    FirstNet.
    Broadband Equity Access and Deployment (BEAD) Program/LEOs:
        In October, NTIA announced that Alaska will be obligated over $1
    billion. I am sure you have seen the criticisms that have been made
    that the Biden Administration layered on requirements that are beyond
    the law in the BEAD NOFO. I understand that the new Administration will
    be reconfiguring the requirements for the BEAD program. I ask that as
    Commerce reworks the requirements, that we don't lose pace with
    implementation. We have great needs in Alaska with unserved areas.
        I want to flag that there is not as much Low Earth Orbit satellite
    coverage in Alaska as the rest of the continental U.S. Our constituents
    appreciate Starlink in many circumstances, including when there are
    service disruptions associated with fiber, but the connection is not
    consistent and reliable yet and cannot cover the state with the current
    coverage.

        Question 14. Starlink may be appropriate for certain remote areas,
    but the state still lacks basic connectivity, including middle mile.
    Will you assure me that Commerce not rely on Starlink in Alaska as a
    solution to all our problems?
        Answer. I commit to working with your office on pursuing the most
    efficient and effective solutions for Alaskans.
    U.S. Leadership in Innovation
        The Commerce Department plays a critical role in standing up for
    U.S. companies and promoting U.S. technology leadership globally.
    American technology innovators are at the forefront of the AI race, and
    it's important that we stand up for them against discriminatory
    policies from our allies, particularly the European Union, that could
    undermine trusted U.S. innovation and infrastructure.

        Question 15. As Secretary of Commerce, will you ensure that U.S.
    companies are best positioned to continue leading the world in AI and
    other emerging technologies?
        Answer. Yes. I am committed to not only maintaining, but growing,
    U.S. leadership in AI and other emerging technologies.
    Iran
        One of the most important functions of the Commerce Department,
    often overlooked, is the enforcement of U.S. export laws. The
    Department plays a key role in preventing the illicit exports of U.S.
    technology to Iran, China, Russia and other adversaries. Iran, in
    particular, has long sought to acquire sensitive military hardware from
    the United States through the use of front companies and other schemes
    meant to avoid detection. This problem is highlighted by the drones
    Iran is making with American parts that are being used to attack
    American personnel and our allies.

        Question 16. If confirmed, what steps will you undertake to enforce
    U.S. export restrictions and stop the flow of U.S. goods and technology
    to Iran?
        Answer. I intend for strong enforcement to be a hallmark of my
    tenure. Part of that will mean proper resourcing for the Department's
    enforcement teams.

        Question 17. Will you commit to ensure Iranian-backed entities do
    not circumvent U.S. export laws through third-party front companies and
    other schemes to avoid detection?
        Answer. Yes. Fighting circumvention is critical to the Department's
    mission.

        Question 18. If confirmed, will you commit to help Middle Eastern
    countries crack down on illicit exports to Iran, both exports of
    sensitive materials as well as consumer products with U.S. components?
        Answer. Yes. International partners are an important part of the
    Department's ability to enforce export controls and catch bad actors.

        Question 19. If confirmed, what more do you believe can be done to
    address illicit Iranian exports to China and Russia, as well as re-
    exports to Iran?
        Answer. This question will be answered through the America First
    Trade Policy Presidential Memorandum. I do not want to get ahead of
    this report to President Trump, but rest assured we will take swift and
    strong action in due course.
    Boycotts of Israel
        The Commerce Department is responsible for enforcing U.S. anti-
    boycott laws, which discourage and, in some circumstances, prohibit
    U.S. companies from furthering the boycott of Israel fostered by
    foreign countries. Unfortunately, there has been a surge in foreign
    boycott activity targeting Israel in the wake of October 7th.

        Question 20. Unfortunately, there has been a surge in foreign
    boycott activity targeting Israel in the wake of the October 7th
    attacks. If confirmed, will you ensure full enforcement of U.S. anti-
    boycott laws and regulations?
        Answer. Yes.

        Question 21. In your engagements with countries that support
    boycotts of Israel, will you make it a priority to encourage them to
    end such support?
        Answer. Yes.

        Question 22. Current U.S. anti-boycott laws only apply to
    unsanctioned foreign boycotts imposed or fostered by foreign countries.
    Would you commit to working with Congress to clarify our anti-boycott
    laws to make explicit that cooperation with boycotts fostered by
    international governmental organizations, like the U.N. Human Rights
    Council, is not permitted?
        Answer. I will ensure the Department is available to offer
    technical assistance with drafting updated legislation.

        Question 23. I am concerned that Environmental, Social, and
    Governance (ESG) rating are encouraging boycotts of Israel by
    downgrading companies doing business in Israel.
        Would you be open to having the Office of Anti-Boycott Compliance
    look at the issue of ESG rating firms and determine how Federal anti-
    boycott statutes may apply to the work of these firms--or pressure
    imposed by the ESG ratings entities?
        Answer. Yes. I am open to having the Department's Office of Anti-
    Boycott Compliance review this issue.

        Question 24. The United States and Israel have an important,
    longstanding economic relationship. If confirmed, will you commit to
    work to deepen and expand that relationship?
        Answer. The Department has numerous tools at its disposal to even
    further deepen our economic ties through promotion of bilateral trade
    and investment. The Department can also look into ways for our
    intellectual property and scientific communities to collaborate further
    through USPTO and NIST.
    Abraham Accords:
        President Trump achieved a historic accomplishment with the 2020
    Abraham Accords. The agreements saw normalization between Israel and
    some of our regional partners in the Middle East. The Abraham Accords
    have vast economic potential that could positively impact the region
    and the United States. However, over the past couple of years, efforts
    to expand the Abraham Accords have stalled.

        Question 25. As Secretary of Commerce, will you commit to work to
    expand and deepen the economic and trade aspects of the Abraham
    Accords, and will you seek opportunities to expand the value of
    regional cooperation among the United States, Israel and other partners
    in the Middle East and North Africa?
        Answer. While the Abraham Accords have many moving parts, what will
    strengthen them in the long term is economic normalization, bilateral
    trade, and investment. The Department, through its Foreign Commercial
    Service, is well-positioned to promote and facilitate the strong
    economic ties that will lead to peace and prosperity throughout the
    region.
    Spectrum:
        Question 26. The Biden's Administration's so-called National
    Spectrum Strategy was an utter failure. All it did was kick the
    spectrum can down the road by not identifying a single megahertz of
    mid-band spectrum for reallocation for commercial licensed use. Do you
    agree that any spectrum strategy adopted by the Commerce Department
    during your tenure must actually identify spectrum for reallocation
    rather than just study bands without any conclusion?
        Answer. I commit to working with agency counterparts to find the
    most efficient actions for spectrum opportunities for commercial use.

        Question 27. Do you agree that beating China in the global 5G race
    is critical to both U.S. national security and economic security?
        Answer. Yes, I fully agree.
                                     ______

         Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Todd Young to
                                 Howard Lutnick
        Mr. Lutnick, the idea for the CHIPS program originated during
    President Trump's first term and we were able to continue that effort
    and get the CHIPS & Science Act signed into law a couple years ago.
    Since then, we have made great progress implementing the program via
    the CHIPS Program Office and taking the first vital steps towards
    reshoring and onshoring the semiconductor manufacturing base in the
    United States. In fact, we are now the only country that can say it is
    home to chip fabs for all five leading-edge semiconductor companies. I
    look forward to working with you to continue and--where possible--
    improve upon this good work.

        Question 1. What are your views on the CHIPS program and will you
    commit to honoring existing CHIPS agreements to ensure stability for
    this growing industry that is critical to our national security?
        Answer. I recognize that semiconductors are essential to our
    national security and economic and technological competitiveness. I
    look forward to reviewing the investments made to date and working to
    ensure that, moving forward, Americans are getting the best deal to
    ensure stability for this important industry.
        Mr. Lutnick, the Regional Tech Hubs program is another top priority
    of mine, and securing additional funding will remain a priority, along
    with other important unfunded sections of the ``and Science'' portion
    of the bill. To date, the Department of Commerce has designated 31 Tech
    Hubs and selected another 29 to receive strategy development grants. Of
    the designated Hubs, 18 have received implementation funding so far.
    One of those 18--Heartland BioWorks--is aiming to transform Central
    Indiana into a global leader in biotechnology and biomanufacturing.
    Like other tech hubs, they are doing so by leveraging the region's
    research institutions, venture ecosystem, logistics infrastructure, and
    established manufacturing presence.

        Question 2. If confirmed, will you commit to continuing the
    Department's support for the Regional Tech Hubs program?
        Answer. I recognize the importance of the Tech Hubs program and
    look forward to closely reviewing the program and staying in contact
    with your office to ensure that the American people are getting the
    benefit of the bargain.
                                     ______

          Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Ted Budd to
                                 Howard Lutnick
        Question 1. Are you concerned that the latest Department of
    Commerce AI diffusion interim final rule published on January 13th,
    2025--which places export quotas on compute power to 150 nations--could
    cede technology leadership and market share for U.S. companies in key
    economies, including allies and partners?
        Answer. I understand the America First Trade Policy Presidential
    Memorandum directs the Department to assess this and other matters and
    prepare a report to the President. As I have not been confirmed, I
    cannot speak to those efforts. Moreover, I should not get ahead of that
    process. These issues are a top priority.

        Question 2. Last year de minimis shipments into the U.S. totaled a
    record 1.4 billion individual packages mainly from China. There are
    concerns that this volume is being used as a work around for Section
    301 countervailing duties. Other countries have either closed or are in
    the process of closing this loophole.
        North Carolina's textile manufacturers are being undermined in
    particular, as de minimis has contributed to 26 textile plant closures
    in the past 18 months. Will President Trump consider taking executive
    action to close this loophole?
        Answer. I cannot speak for President Trump. I understand the
    Department is currently studying these issues pursuant to the America
    First Trade Policy Presidential Memorandum.

        Question 3. Have you reviewed the EU Deforestation-free Regulation
    and are you aware of the very prescriptive reporting requirements this
    regulation will impose on the American forest products industry with no
    benefit to meeting the intent of the regulation?
        Answer. I am aware of the strict reporting requirements of the EU
    Deforestation-free Regulation and the prescriptive reporting
    requirements it will impose on the American forest products industry.

        Question 4. To that end, do you believe this regulation and the
    technical trade barriers it poses for United States industry,
    particularly when you think about the number of small, private,
    landowners in the United States compared to countries in the EU and
    countries like China, rise to the level of what President Trump's
    America First Trade Policy Executive order asked for in terms of
    reports, reviews and investigations?
        Answer. I am concerned about the technical barriers to trade posed
    by the EUDR and its impact on the American forest products industry.
    Upon confirmation, I will direct my staff to review the impact of the
    EUDR as part of the reports and reviews the Department will conduct
    pursuant to the President Trump's America First Trade Policy
    Presidential Memorandum.

        Question 5. EUDR has a risk component to it--requiring the EU
    government to perform a risk assessment of all countries shipping
    products into the EU to establish them as Low, Medium, or High risk of
    deforestation.
        a. The United States is by far the gold standard across the entire
    world for forest management and responsible fiber sourcing. The EU's
    own studies show this, as well as third-party certifications throughout
    the world. Yet, the EU has an opportunity to pick winners and losers
    based on this assessment. Do you think the United States should be
    identified as a low-risk country for deforestation and if so, shouldn't
    these complex requirements be dropped for the U.S. if they are indeed
    low risk?
        Answer. Given our strong anti-deforestation measures in the United
    States, I do believe that exports from the United States should be
    considered low-risk and would support efforts to reduce complex
    requirements.

        Question 6. How can the U.S. forest products industry engage with
    your department and your team to bring more detail to light on this
    problematic regulation and ensure that Europe's green deal politics are
    not further harming American businesses?
        Answer. The Department of Commerce should engage with the U.S.
    forest products industry. Upon confirmation, I will welcome additional
    insights from the industry about any problems posed by the EUDR and
    other foreign policies and regulations.

        Question 7. In 2022 the Mexican army invaded and shut down Vulcan's
    world class operations and in September the Government expropriated
    their property--the Biden administration did hardly anything to stand
    up for the blatant mistreatment of an American company that was
    supplying building materials to the U.S.
        I have been working with my colleagues here in the Senate to ensure
    Mexico faces consequences for their egregious actions. Mr. Lutnick,
    could you explain how Mexico's actions toward companies like Vulcan
    harm our trade relationship and outline steps you could take as
    Secretary to pressure Mexico to stop this harmful behavior?
        Answer. I will stand up for American companies whenever improper
    actions are taken against them by foreign governments. I look forward
    to working with you to address this particular situation.

        Question 8. Last year, the European Parliament and Council approved
    a ``Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive,'' commonly known
    now as ``CS3D.'' It's another example of Europe's long tradition of
    left-wing regulatory overreach--but one that carries severe
    implications in seeking to level the playing field for European
    businesses competing with U.S. businesses and others around the world.
    It forces some stringent requirements on U.S. businesses. Are you
    familiar with the EU's CS3D law?
        Answer. Yes, I am familiar with the Corporate Sustainability Due
    Diligence Directive.

        Question 9. How would you, in your position as Commerce Secretary,
    engage with your counterparts in Europe on CS3D? The Biden
    Administration did practically nothing--effectively ceding legislative
    and regulatory authority to European bureaucrats. What can the Commerce
    Department in the Trump Administration do to oppose this sort of
    intrusive, extraterritorial regulatory scheme that will harm U.S.
    businesses in the pursuit of European ESG policies?
        Answer. The CS3D is a serious concern for American industry and the
    American economy. The Department and its interagency partners have a
    wide range of trade tools at their disposal to address unfair and
    unreasonable trade practices, and I look forward to working with you to
    find practicable solutions.

        Question 10. The European Union's Corporate Sustainability Due
    Diligence Directive (CS3D) that was recently adopted by the EU, will
    impose significant costs on thousands of U.S. companies doing business
    in Europe. This comes at a time when U.S. exports of natural gas are
    keeping the heat on in Europe this winter because the regulatory
    structure there has caused companies to flee. Yet the EU is attempting
    to harm the competitive advantages of U.S. companies by forcing them to
    comply with CS3D. What will you do as Commerce Secretary to ensure that
    the U.S. government delivers the most robust of responses against CS3D
    implementation--or implementation of any similar extraterritorial
    legislation enacted by a foreign government with implications for U.S.
    businesses?
        Answer. The extensive scope and burdensome regulations in CS3D is a
    real concern for American industry and the American economy. I will
    support engagement with the EU and consider using all available trade
    tools at our disposal, as appropriate, to respond to EU regulations
    that harm the American economy and impose unreasonable burdens on our
    companies.

        Question 11. Will you commit to reviewing the Bureau of Industry
    and Security's ``Revision of Firearms License Requirements'' Interim
    Final Rule?
        Answer. Yes.
                                     ______

        Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Eric Schmitt to
                                 Howard Lutnick
        Question 1. The previous administration changed our export policy
    on domestically manufactured items that, despite the justification to
    the contrary, hurt our allies and cost U.S. manufacturers and exporters
    hundreds of millions of dollars annually. Will you commit to reviewing
    the Bureau of Industry and Security's ``Revision of Firearms License
    Requirements'' Interim Final Rule and revert back to the previous
    policy if indeed your findings confirm what I've just told you?
        Answer. Yes. Upon confirmation, I will ensure the Department
    reviews this policy and takes appropriate action.

        Question 2. As Secretary of Commerce, what are your priorities for
    supporting travel to and within the United States, especially
    considering major upcoming tourism events like the World Cup and other
    events in Missouri?
        Answer. As Secretary of Commerce, I plan to promote America's
    cities and events to the fullest extent. Events, such as the FIFA World
    Cup in 2026, provide incredible opportunities to highlight American
    spirit and enterprise in places such as Missouri.
        I will support efforts to promote tourism and travel to the United
    States, including by supporting key industries, such as the aerospace
    industry and our services industries, that are essential to these
    efforts. I am also fully supportive of President Trump's efforts to
    make America safe, which will support travel and tourism.

        Question 3. The European Union's Corporate Sustainability Due
    Diligence Directive (CS3D) which was recently adopted by the EU, will
    impose significant costs on thousands of U.S. companies doing business
    in Europe. This is a classic example of government overreach that
    essentially allows the EU to regulate U.S. companies by imposing high
    fines on companies and supply chains not located in Europe.

       Will you commit to ensuring that U.S. companies are not
            regulated by Europe with unrealistic directives like CS3D?
        Answer. I will support engagement with our EU colleagues and
    consider using all available trade tools, as needed, to respond to the
    EU's regulations that harm the American economy.

       When it comes to global bodies like the EU imposing costly
            regulations on U.S.-based companies, what role should American
            officials play?
        Answer. American officials should consider using all available
    trade tools, as needed, to respond to the EU's regulations that harm
    the American economy.

       Would you support legislation or Executive action that would
            make it illegal for U.S. companies to comply with this EU
            directive?
        Answer. I look forward to working on any efforts to prevent overly
    burdensome regulations that negatively impact U.S. companies.

        Question 4. Unfortunately, Rural America has often been left behind
    in economic development initiatives. What steps will you take to ensure
    that rural communities, like those in Missouri, benefit from President
    Trump's pro-growth policies?
        Answer. Rural America has far too often been left behind in
    economic development throughout the history of our country. Upon
    confirmation, I will prioritize rural communities. I plan to work with
    your office and other members of Congress to ensure that President
    Trump's pro-growth agenda directly benefits these communities and
    allows them to flourish.

        Question 5. Missouri is home to key semiconductor facilities like
    MEMC and Brewer Science, with MEMC investing $300 million in its new
    semiconductor plant. Will you commit to visiting my home state with me
    and working to expand Missouri's role in AI, quantum computing, and
    other advanced technologies?
        Answer. Yes. I commit to visiting Missouri with you and working
    with you to expand Missouri's role in AI, quantum computing, and other
    advanced technologies.
                                     ______

    Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Shelley Moore Capito to

                                 Howard Lutnick
    WV's BEAD Status
        In our December meeting, we discussed the BEAD program. It is
    critical for getting broadband access to over 98,000 locations that are
    currently unserved.
        My state has jumped through all the hoops and done everything right
    from the start, and now they are on the cusp of getting $1.2 billion
    this spring and finally having shovels in the ground.
        I think the Biden Administration added a lot of nonsense that
    Congress did not intend to the program--like labor requirements and
    strict financial requirements--this red tape is why 3 years after it
    became law not a single location has been connected yet.
        I am supportive of changes that would increase the flexibility of
    these dollars to make broadband deployment faster and easier for states
    like mine, but I DO NOT want West Virginia's 3 years of hard work to be
    wasted, if they have to start over at square 1 under changes that your
    department could make.

        Question 1. Can you commit to me that any changes your Department
    makes to the BEAD program will only make it easier to get West
    Virginians connected going forward with this money?
        Answer. The BEAD program should operate efficiently and effectively
    to allow West Virginians and all Americans to get the benefit of the
    bargain that Congress intended. Upon confirmation, I will focus on this
    key objective.
    Canada Trade
        February 1 is approaching--a deadline President Trump has mentioned
    for imposing 25 percent tariffs on Canada and Mexico. During President
    Trump's first term, he and his administration negotiated the successful
    implementation of the United States Mexico Canada Agreement (USMCA)
    which resulted in China falling to the U.S.'s number three trade
    partner behind both of our North American neighbors. West Virginia's
    number one export market is Canada now.
        While there are aspects of USMCA and trade policies with our North
    American trade partners that need to be addressed, I am concerned about
    the effect potential blanket tariffs will have on my State's economy.
        For example, West Virginia is home to a Toyota plant in Buffalo,
    that manufactures combined engines and transmissions which are then
    sent to Canada for production.
        412,000 vehicles imported from Canada to the U.S. include the West
    Virginia manufactured engines. You have highlighted that the
    Administration won't raise prices on products made in the United
    States.

        Question 2. Do you agree that tariffs placed on foreign goods may
    also encompass components of those goods that are manufactured in the
    United States including a potential decrease of West Virginia-made
    exports?
        Answer. USMCA enjoyed broad bipartisan support in Congress.
    Automobiles and automobile parts are a critical part of this agreement,
    which ultimately has to work for American manufacturing and American
    workers. Upon confirmation, I look forward to working with you and your
    staff on these issues.
    West Virginia Economic Development Representative
        I strongly support the Economic Development Administration's (EDA)
    effort to promote access to its economic development assistance
    programs through the use of Economic Development Representatives (EDRs)
    in under-resourced communities. West Virginia previously had a
    dedicated West Virginia based EDR whose efforts made a tremendous
    impact in my state, but who retired in 2024. EDA assured me of their
    commitment to fill this vacancy and was in the process of filling it.
    President Trump issued a ``Hiring Freeze'' Presidential Memorandum that
    applies to vacant positions if an offer was not made before January 20,
    2025 and had a start date on or before February 8, 2025, resulting in
    the remaining vacancy for this critical position to my state.

        Question 3. Can you commit to filling this position as quickly as
    possible?
        Answer. I commit to working with your office on this issue.
    West Virginia Tech Hub
        The Tech Hubs Program, created by the bipartisan CHIPS-Plus Act, is
    a two-phase competition that provides direct investment to
    geographically diverse regions to drive regional technology-and
    innovation-centric growth by strengthening a region's capacity to
    manufacture, commercialize, and deploy critical technologies. The
    program requires that at least one-third of Tech Hub grants and
    designations must ``significantly benefit a small and rural
    community''.
        In 2023, West Virginia submitted three applications for a Tech Hub
    but was not awarded a Phase 1 designation. One of the applicants, WV
    Tech Strategy Development Consortium in Charleston, WV received a
    planning grant that concludes in April and the Consortium has worked
    diligently to create a stronger application for the program. The
    consortium is well suited to further the Tech Hub program's mission.

        Question 4. If this program is reauthorized, will you commit to
    making improvements to prioritize rural applicants, including for the
    West Virginia Digital Identity Tech Hub?
        Answer. I recognize the importance of rural America and how these
    regions have not been fairly treated in the past. I commit to working
    with your office to ensure rural applicants receive thoughtful
    consideration.
    Tech Company Fairness
        President Trump's ``America First'' policies emphasize protecting
    American economic interests and ensuring fair treatment of U.S.
    companies in the global marketplace.
        I am increasingly concerned with efforts by some of America's
    closest allies, particularly the European Union, to enact digital
    policies that target the most innovative U.S. tech companies.

        Question 5. As Secretary of Commerce, would you work to ensure
    American companies are treated fairly and that we continue to lead the
    world in innovation?
        Answer. Yes.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Maria Cantwell to
                                 Howard Lutnick
        AI Export Controls. American national security and competitiveness
    depend on having AI export controls in place that protect our country
    and can be fully implemented by the private sector. The U.S. Department
    of Commerce must closely coordinate with the U.S. private sector and
    U.S. Allies.

        Question 1. How will you ensure we get export controls on AI right
    and are focused on the most current threats?
        Answer. The America First Trade Policy Presidential Memorandum
    directs the Department to assess this and other matters and prepare a
    report to the President. As I have not been confirmed, I cannot speak
    to those efforts. These issues are a top priority for me.

        Question 2. Are you reviewing the Biden administration's AI export
    control rule as part of the larger review of export control regimes and
    how will you take stakeholder inputs received during the current 120-
    day public comment period into account?
        Answer. The America First Trade Policy Presidential Memorandum
    directs the Department to assess this issue and other matters and
    prepare a report to the President. Upon confirmation, I will take
    appropriate action in due course.

        Question 3. What do you anticipate will happen with this AI export
    control rule?
        Answer. As I have not been confirmed, I am not in a position to
    predict the outcome of this rule.

        Question 4. Mr. Lutnick, former Secretary Raimondo said last year
    that the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), the agency responsible
    for implementing and enforcing export controls, has the same budget
    that it did a decade ago, despite having twice as many licensing
    requests. Do you believe that BIS needs more resources to improve fair
    and transparent export control enforcement?
        Answer. President Donald J. Trump consistently requested increased
    funding for BIS during his first four years in the Presidential Budget.
    Proper resourcing is critical to our export control and enforcement
    regime. I look forward to working with Congress to determine the
    appropriate level of funding to ensure BIS can execute its mission.

        CHIPS Program Research & Development. In addition to the CHIPS
    Incentives Program, Congress created several programs funded by the $11
    billion CHIPS and Science appropriation provided to NIST to ensure U.S.
    leadership in semiconductor R&D, and to develop the workforce required
    to domestically manufacture legacy, advanced, and next-generation
    semiconductors.

        Question 5. Do you support continuing NIST programs focused on
    semiconductor R&D and workforce initiatives to maintain United States
    leadership in lab to market microelectronics innovation?
        Answer. Research and development are critical to any technological
    leadership. I look forward to working with and reviewing the
    semiconductor R&D teams and programs at NIST to ensure that they can
    most effectively support continued innovation and advancement in
    microelectronics.

        Economic Development Administration (EDA)/Tech Hubs. The Economic
    Development Administration (EDA) is charged with investing in local
    communities to encourage and enable growth and innovation in the
    private sector, with particular focus on distressed or underserved
    areas. One of the investments currently managed by EDA is the Tech Hubs
    program, established by the CHIPS and Science Act, which represents a
    historic opportunity to strengthen American technological leadership
    and create thousands of high-paying jobs across the country. Project
    2025 proposes to abolish the EDA and reallocate its funding to other
    overlapping Federal grant programs.

        Question 6. Do you agree with this recommendation? If so, how will
    you and the Administration meet the Congressional intent of the Chips
    and Science Act to administer a Tech Hubs program that is vital to
    economic and national security and has already awarded grants to 18 of
    31 designated regional tech hubs?
        Answer. In meeting with Members of the Committee, I have learned
    the important role that Tech Hubs play in boosting American technology
    leadership. Upon confirmation, I will review the Tech Hubs program to
    ensure that it operates in the most efficient and effective manner
    possible.

        Project 2025 Recommendation Regarding NIST Manufacturing Extension
    Partnership Program. CHIPS and Science increased funding for our
    successful Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) program, which
    works with small manufacturing companies to assist small-and medium-
    sized manufacturers by supporting workforce training and supply chain
    resiliency. Washington's own MEP Center, IMPACT Washington, has helped
    over 1,500 small businesses create and retain over 15,000 jobs, and has
    saved these businesses over $286 million since its establishment in
    1997. In Project 2025, the authors propose zeroing out this program and
    privatizing existing centers.

        Question 7. Do you believe in privatizing the Manufacturing
    Extension Partnership program and eliminating Federal funding?
        Answer. I appreciate the valuable work the MEP program has done to
    advance American manufacturing. As with any program, I will review the
    MEP closely to ensure that it is operating efficiently and effectively.

        NIST/AI and Quantum. The Commerce Department plays a prominent role
    in advancing critical and emerging technologies such as artificial
    intelligence, quantum, advanced manufacturing, and biotechnology
    through investing in fundamental research and development (``R&D'') at
    agencies like NIST, NTIA, and NOAA, as well as developing global
    technology standards through the U.S. AI Safety Institute at NIST. Last
    year, I introduced the Future of AI Innovation Act with Senator Young
    and some of my other colleagues that would ensure that the U.S. leads
    on AI reliability and transparency, as well as mitigating potential
    national security risks from AI, by authorizing this AI Safety
    Institute. I also introduced the National Quantum Initiative
    Reauthorization, where NIST plays a leading role in advancing the U.S.
    in the global race for quantum technology.

        Question 8. Will you prioritize the development of quantum
    technology at the Department of Commerce? Will you support my National
    Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act?
        Answer. U.S. leadership on quantum technology is vital to our
    national and economic security. Upon confirmation, I will review your
    National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act, and I commit to
    working with you and your staff on this important goal.

        Question 9. Will you support continued focus by NIST on promotion
    of AI standards and developing testing for AI reliability and safety?
    Will you work with me, Senator Young, and Chair Cruz as we consider
    legislation to authorize the work that needs to continue to be done in
    this area?
        Answer. I believe that NIST should ensure American leadership on AI
    standards. I commit to working with you, Senator Young, and Chairman
    Cruz as you consider legislation.

        Office of Space Commerce. The Office of Space Commerce is currently
    within NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information
    Service (NESDIS). Project 2025 suggests returning OSC to the Office of
    the Secretary, where it began decades ago, and directing the Office,
    working with the National Space Council, to establish a whole-of-
    government policy for licensing and oversight of commercial space
    operations. At the end of last year, the Senate passed legislation that
    would elevate the Office to an independent bureau within the
    department, and consistent with policy established in the first Trump
    Administration, granted the office legal responsibility for providing
    basic space situational awareness (SSA) data and services to civil and
    private space operators.

        Question 10. Do you support elevating the Office of Space Commerce
    within DOC?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to reviewing OSC's
    mission and position within the Department and receiving your input.

        Question 11. Do you believe this would strengthen the global
    competitiveness of the U.S. space industry?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will make the global competitiveness
    of the U.S. space industry a distinct priority.

        Question 12. If elevated, how would you allocate resources and set
    priorities to enable the Office of Space Commerce to effectively
    oversee and promote commercial space activities and provide basic space
    situational awareness (SSA) capability?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to reviewing OSC's
    mission and position within the Department and receiving your input.

        Workforce Development: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI)
    initiatives have been integral to fostering inclusive workplaces within
    Federal agencies. However, recent executive actions have mandated the
    termination of DEI programs within Federal agencies, placing associated
    staff on paid leave and reversing efforts aimed at diversifying the
    Federal workforce.

        Question 13. Considering these developments, how do you plan to
    advance diversity, equity, and inclusion within the Department of
    Commerce and create a more inclusive workplace?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, one of my priorities will be to ensure
    that the Department's workforce is the envy of the world. In advancing
    that mission, I will follow President Donald J. Trump's executive
    orders to the fullest extent of the law.

        Importance of MBDA. Mr. Lutnick, you sign the annual reports (10-
    Ks) for Newmark Group, where you serve as Executive Chairman and where
    according to the 2023 10-K, you spent 33 percent of your time. The 2023
    10-K describes Newmark Group's commitment to diversity and inclusion,
    noting that Newmark is committed to policies that ``seek to further our
    development of a diverse and inclusive workplace''. The 10-K further
    notes that Newmark Group is an investor in a minority-owned business
    enterprise, E Smith Advisors.

        Question 14. Mr. Lutnick, as Secretary of Commerce, will you commit
    to supporting and sustaining the Minority Business Development Agency
    to support minority-owned businesses, particularly those who have faced
    obstacles accessing credit?
        Answer. While I have testified about my priorities if confirmed, it
    is premature to discuss any specific recommendations before engaging
    with NOAA and the Office of Management and Budget. Additionally, at
    this time, it would be premature for me to comment on specific policy
    commitments before I have a chance to confer with the Department and
    the President. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with you on
    these issues. Growing all American businesses--small, medium, and
    large--is among my top goals. Upon confirmation, I will review how the
    MBDA can meet its mission in the most efficient and effective manner
    possible.

        Pebble Mine. The Pebble Mine has been a major concern of this
    office for many years because of its risk to the Bristol Bay fishery.
    The last three Administrations have denied it a permit or vetoed it.
    All major mining companies have abandoned it. From 2017 to 2020, Cantor
    was lead underwriter for the project until it withdrew and discontinued
    review coverage for the project.

        Question 15. As Secretary of Commerce, would you recognize NOAA's
    important role in upholding the current status under EPA's 404(c)
    protection? Will you commit to recuse yourself if it once again comes
    up for review by NOAA?
        Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and
    regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department
    of Commerce.

        Question 16. Will you recuse yourself from all matters relating to
    consultations and permitting of the Pebble Project, also known as the
    Pebble Mine? Additionally, will you recuse yourself from NOAA
    permitting of support projects related to the Pebble Projects, such as
    NOAA Fisheries consultations for roads, bridges, ports, and other
    infrastructure?
        Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and
    regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department
    of Commerce.

        NTIA/Funding Commitments. The bipartisan Infrastructure Investment
    and Jobs Act of 2021 appropriated over $65 billion for broadband
    deployment and digital literacy programs overseen by NTIA and the
    Department of Commerce, including $42 billion for the Broadband Equity
    Access and Deployment program, $1.23 billion of which was allocated to
    Washington state to connect households to broadband. Allocations of
    funding for the BEAD program, committed under the law, also include
    $3.3 billion allocated to Texas, $405 million allocated to Nebraska,
    $1.2 billion allocated to West Virginia, and over $1 billion allocated
    to Alaska. Other NTIA broadband programs have already finalized grants,
    connected thousands of households, and laid thousands of miles of
    fiber. Needless to say, the commitment that Congress made to reach the
    goal of connecting unserved and underserved households is well
    underway, with plans in all 56 states and territories approved by NTIA,
    in compliance with the law.

        Question 17. Mr. Lutnick, will you commit to following the law and
    implementing all broadband funding as Congress intended?
        Answer. I will follow the law. Upon confirmation, I will review
    broadband programs closely to ensure that they are operating
    efficiently and effectively.

        Question 18. Do you support efforts to bring broadband connectivity
    to households across the country?
        Answer. I support efforts to expand broadband connectivity
    efficiently and effectively.

        Question 19. Will you commit to allowing the efforts to implement
    programs from the IIJA to continue as they are, and allowing states to
    proceed with implementation of these programs with the grant
    allocations as they currently stand?
        Answer. I will follow the law. Upon confirmation, I will review
    broadband programs closely to ensure that they are operating
    efficiently and effectively.

        Question 20. Will you commit to consulting with and relying upon
    the expertise of the public servants at the Department of Commerce, as
    well as a diverse range of experts, stakeholders, and state and Tribal
    governments, rather than business interests that may, in reality or
    appearance, present conflicts of interest?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will ensure the Department engages
    with domestic stakeholders who may be impacted by its programs.

        Spectrum Management. The Department of Commerce, through NTIA, is
    tasked with representing the United States' spectrum interests
    internationally. We have seen China's growth in spectrum use not only
    threaten the U.S. economically, but China also raises national security
    concerns. U.S. representation at the International Telecommunications
    Union and World Radio Conference are important fora to advance American
    interests in spectrum management and combat national security threats
    from China.

        Question 21. Mr. Lutnick, do you support a modernized approach on
    Federal spectrum policy that protects our communications networks
    against foreign adversaries?
        Answer. Yes.

        Question 22. Will you commit to collaborating on a spectrum policy
    that engages stakeholders from the Department of Commerce, the
    Department of Defense, the Federal Communications Commission, and
    industry, to work towards resolution to restore U.S. leadership in
    innovation?
        Answer. I will ensure the Department engages with stakeholders,
    including government agencies and industry, who may be impacted by its
    programs.

        Question 23. Will you commit to representing U.S. spectrum
    interests on the international stage to address concerns about China's
    spectrum use?
        Answer. Yes.

        National Spectrum Strategy. In November 2023, the Biden
    Administration released the National Spectrum Strategy (NSS) that
    identifies over 2,700 megahertz of spectrum across five bands for study
    to determine the possibility of new, commercial uses. The NSS includes
    over 1,600 megahertz of midband spectrum, a range in high demand for
    next-generation wireless services. In the 118th Congress I led the
    effort to codify the NSS and a memorandum of understanding (MOU)
    between the FCC and NTIA on spectrum coordination--the Spectrum and
    National Security Act. The final version of this legislation reflected
    a negotiated agreement between the Department of Commerce, Department
    of Defense, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff that preserved our national
    security, protected Federal incumbents, and advanced studies which
    would create a sustainable spectrum pipeline.

        Question 24. Will you ensure that the feasibility studies currently
    underway are completed in a thorough and comprehensive manner?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will seek to gain a better
    understanding of the status of the feasibility studies to determine
    what steps are necessary to complete them.

        Question 25. Will you stand by the negotiated agreement between the
    Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, and the Joint Chiefs of
    Staff?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will review the negotiated agreement.

        Question 26. What changes do you anticipate making to either the
    NSS or MOU between the FCC and NTIA?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will ensure a strong focus on Federal
    spectrum coordination. The Department will reach out to stakeholders--
    both within government and in the private-sector--to see how the NSS
    and MOU are working and what changes, if any, are needed.

        Non-Partisan Spectrum Policy. Mr. Lutnick, you posted on X on
    October 27, 2024, stating that ``The United States owns the spectrum,
    and it should only be auctioned for use by those who agree to be
    nonpartisan. Companies that do business with America shouldn't be
    allowed to use that power for partisan politics.'' This rhetoric
    appears to be consistent with the directives of Project 2025 and
    President Trump's Executive Order (``Restoring Freedom of Speech and
    Ending Federal Censorship'') to identify and address Federal policies
    aimed at ``censorship.''

        Question 27. Do you support the directives in Project 2025, and the
    directive in President Trump's Executive Order (``Restoring Freedom of
    Speech and Ending Federal Censorship'') to identify and address Federal
    policies aimed at ``censorship''?
        Answer. I will follow President Donald J. Trump's executive orders
    to the fullest extent of the law.

        Question 28. What such policies at the Department of Commerce do
    you see as impacted by the directives that President Trump and Project
    2025 have identified?
        Answer. I understand that several of President Donald J. Trump's
    executive orders task agencies with determining which programs and
    policies are impacted by those orders. As I have not been confirmed as
    the Secretary of Commerce, I have not been involved with those efforts
    at the Department. As for Project 2025, I am not affiliated with that
    group. I cannot opine on any of the group's plans or materials.

        American Aerospace Manufacturing Competitiveness. The United States
    aerospace and defense sector has the largest positive trade balance
    among all U.S. manufacturing sectors, valued at over $110 billion, and
    supports over 2.2 million good paying jobs. China's aircraft
    manufacturer, COMAC, is a growing threat to United States' market share
    of commercial aircraft in the global aerospace sector. COMAC's
    narrowbody C919 aircraft competes with the 737 series aircraft,
    produced by Boeing, our leading domestic aircraft manufacturer. Boeing
    has experienced significant challenges in recent years including
    concerning aircraft production safety and quality issues that must be
    corrected before production of the 737 MAX can be allowed to increase
    beyond the cap of 38 per month instituted by former FAA Administrator
    Mike Whitaker. This will take time and so will Boeing's overall
    recovery efforts as a company to improve many of their product lines.
        Boeing has estimated that Chinese airlines will need 8,830 new
    total commercial planes by 2043. However, if the current Administration
    were to issue broad retaliatory tariffs against China without
    considering the impact that they could have against Boeing's ability to
    sell aircraft in the Asian-Pacific market, Boeing and the greater
    domestic aerospace supply chain would be at risk of losing its
    competitive standing in the global aerospace sector. Such tariffs could
    have harmful impacts on U.S.-based aerospace supply chain companies and
    jobs.

        Question 29. Do you commit to ensuring that the U.S. aerospace
    manufacturing sector and supply chain are not subject to new costs and
    burdens associated with tariffs, restrictions, or economic sanctions?
    If confirmed, what actions will you take at the Department of Commerce
    to assure domestic aerospace manufacturers they will not be put into
    such harmful situations?
        Answer. We need all businesses--small, medium, and large--to be
    successful in order to benefit American workers and American
    manufacturing. Upon confirmation, I will work to ensure that the U.S.
    aerospace manufacturing sector and its workers are treated fairly and
    can rely on a responsive government to help them succeed. A level
    playing field on the global stage will be a distinct priority.

        Question 30. What actions will you take to protect our domestic
    aerospace supply chain and its highly-skilled American workers from new
    disruptions--such as issues that would jeopardize U.S.-based jobs and
    increase costs for U.S.-based companies?
        Answer. I understand that the Department is currently studying U.S.
    supply chains and industrial base pursuant to the America First Trade
    Policy Presidential Memorandum. This and other studies that are
    currently under way will inform our decisions on potential actions.
    Tariffs and Trade
        Question 31. Do you said you do not view tariffs as inflationary.
    Please explain what impact that new tariffs would have on American
    families, farmers, and small businesses?
        Answer. The use of tariffs will help recalibrate our trading
    relationships and ensure American families, farmers, and small
    businesses are treated fairly and not taken advantage of by foreign
    interests.

        Question 32. You indicated that you support an across-the-board
    approach to tariffs as opposed to targeted tariffs. What legal
    authorities will the U.S. Department of Commerce use to impose such
    tariffs?
        Answer. The Department is prepared to use any and all authorities
    at its disposal to implement the President's trade agenda.

        Question 33. What role do you expect to play in the Trump
    administration's trade policy? How will your role be different from the
    role of the U.S. Trade Representative and the Secretaries of State and
    Treasury?
        Answer. The statutory responsibilities and authorities of the
    office of USTR remain unchanged. The same is true for the statutory
    responsibilities and authorities of the Secretary of State and
    Secretary of the Treasury. Under President Donald J. Trump's
    leadership, the Department will play a coordinating role with its
    interagency partners to deliver results for American workers, families,
    and businesses.

        Question 34. How does the Trump administration plan on dealing with
    retaliatory tariffs and what role will the U.S. Department of Commerce
    play?
        Answer. I expect that the Department of Commerce, in close
    coordination with the Department of the Treasury and USTR, will advance
    President Trump's trade and tariffs policy agenda. I will work closely
    with Treasury and USTR to help ensure that American workers and
    American manufacturers receive the benefit of the President's trade and
    tariffs policies.

        Question 35. Will the U.S. Department of Commerce lead an exclusion
    process if tariffs are imposed under Section 232? How will Commerce
    ensure that any exclusion process is fair, consistent, and transparent?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will coordinate closely with the
    Department of the Treasury and USTR to develop and implement trade and
    tariff policy. I will prioritize fairness, consistency, and
    transparency.

        Question 36. President Obama tried to double U.S. exports. What
    goal do you have to grow U.S. exports and how will you achieve it?
        Answer. Under President Donald J. Trump, the United States will be
    the best place in the world to do business. Strong trade and investment
    policy generate economic growth, rebalance trade, and increase exports
    of goods and services.

        Question 37. Trump has directed the Secretary of Commerce to review
    the Antidumping and Countervailing Duty laws, also known as AD/CVD law.
    These trade enforcement laws are critical to fighting non-market
    policies and practices. In your view, how does AD/CVD law fit into the
    president's economic agenda? If confirmed as Secretary of Commerce,
    what do you see as the priorities for your review and report?
        Answer. Strong trade enforcement is core to the Trump
    Administration's trade policy. I understand the Department has been
    conducting a review pursuant to President Trump's America First Trade
    Policy Presidential Memorandum. As I have not been confirmed, I cannot
    speak to those efforts.

        Protecting American Interests. As Commerce Secretary, one of your
    main missions would be to make sure that American interests come first.
    As you know, the laws in the United Kingdom require that the Bank of
    England have exclusive resolution authority over UK clearinghouses and
    requires that the Bank of England prioritize UK citizens first when
    exercising that authority.

        Question 38. While it is true that the London Clearing House is
    registered with the CFTC and that U.S. Treasuries do not leave the
    United States, the law in the UK is also clear with respect to the role
    of the Bank of England and how the BOE must exercise its authority over
    UK clearinghouses. If the London Clearinghouse were permitted to clear
    futures on U.S. Treasury securities, the Bank of England would have
    authority to tear up those contracts and take other actions that could
    have a negative impact on the U.S. Treasury markets. Where do you stand
    on giving exclusive default and resolution authority over the U.S.
    Treasury futures market to a foreign regulator?
        Answer. No foreign regulator has exclusive default and resolution
    authority over the U.S. Treasury futures market, and I am not aware of
    any proposal for granting a foreign regulator such authority.

        Cantor Fitzgerald's Relationship with Tether. During your staff
    interview on January 24, 2024, you said Cantor Fitzgerald ``owns zero''
    Tether and did not have an ownership interest in Tether. During this
    staff interview, you also said that a November 23, 2024, Wall Street
    Journal article reporting on an agreement under which Cantor Fitzgerald
    stood to receive a 5 percent ownership interest in Tether, valued at
    $600 million, was ``false.'' But during your nomination hearing, you
    admitted that Cantor Fitzgerald ``owns a convertible bond with
    Tether.''

        Question 39. When did Cantor Fitzgerald enter this agreement to
    purchase a convertible bond with Tether?
        Answer. Cantor Fitzgerald made a convertible debt investment in the
    holding company that owns the Tether stablecoin business in April 2024.

        Question 40. What amount did Cantor Fitzgerald pay for this
    convertible bond, and what is the most recent valuation?
        Answer. The total amount paid in connection with the instrument is
    not a matter of public record. As of its most recent valuation in Q3
    2024, Cantor Fitzgerald books and records reflect its value at cost.

        Question 41. Were you involved in negotiating the agreement for
    Cantor Fitzgerald to purchase this convertible bond? If yes, please
    describe your role.
        Answer. Yes. I participated in the negotiations.

        Question 42. For what purpose(s) did Cantor Fitzgerald purchase
    this convertible bond?
        Answer. To generate an attractive return for Cantor Fitzgerald.

        Question 43. Do you believe Cantor Fitzgerald's convertible bond
    with Tether does not constitute an ownership interest in Tether held by
    Cantor Fitzgerald? If yes, please explain the basis for this position.
    If no, please explain how your answers during your staff interview are
    consistent with your testimony at your nomination hearing.
        Answer. Cantor Fitzgerald's debt investment in Tether does not
    constitute an equity interest.

        Question 44. Please explain why you chose not to disclose Cantor
    Fitzgerald's convertible bond with Tether during your staff interview
    and how this omission reflects on your commitment to transparency with
    Congress, if confirmed?
        Answer. Minority staff asked if Cantor Fitzgerald owned 5 percent
    of Tether. The answer is no. I was, am, and will remain transparent
    with Congress.

        Question 45. Besides Tether, how many clients has Cantor Fitzgerald
    purchased a convertible bond with or otherwise directly invested in
    during your tenure as Chairman?
        Answer. Cantor Fitzgerald is a diversified financial services
    organization providing a variety of services to its clients, which
    includes investing in clients' businesses.

        Question 46. Describe all other investments Cantor Fitzgerald,
    Newmark, BGC, and any other company you own, or control has in Tether.
    For any such investment, provide the same amount of detail as requested
    in Questions 44--47 above.
        Answer. None.

        Question 47. Describe all other investments your or any of your
    family members have in Tether. For any such investment, provide the
    same amount of detail as requested in Questions 44-47 above.
        Answer. None.

        Audit. Tether claims to be ``pegged at 1-to-1'' with the U.S.
    dollar and ``backed 100 percent by Tether's reserves.'' During a
    Bitcoin Conference in July 2024, you said ``I can tell you with
    absolute certainty that Tether has every penny, and it can produce
    liquidity on a moment's notice.''

        Question 48. Can you confirm that Tether's representations
    regarding its relationship to the U.S. dollar and reserves backing USDT
    are accurate?
        Answer. Cantor Fitzgerald is not conducting continuous diligence on
    Tether's financial statements, but I believe my statements were
    accurate when made.

        Question 49. During your nomination hearing, you said ``U.S. dollar
    stable coins should be audited.'' As the custodian of most of Tether's
    assets, will you publicly call on Tether to submit to an independent
    audit in the next three months and publicly release the results? If
    not, please explain why not.
        Answer. Upon my confirmation as Secretary of Commerce, I will
    faithfully execute my duties consistent with applicable government
    ethics laws and regulations and based on the guidance of Department of
    Commerce Ethics Department officials.

        Investigations into Tether. According to a November 23, 2024,
    article in the Wall Street Journal, Tether's owner, Giancarlo Devasini,
    told business associates that you assured him that you would use your
    political clout to try to defuse threats facing Tether.

        Question 50. Is this reporting accurate?
        Answer. I do not know what Mr. Devasini told business associates.

        Question 51. Have you ever told Devasini, or anyone else affiliated
    with Tether, that you would try to defuse threats facing Tether?
        Answer. I have never suggested to anyone that I would do anything
    improper with respect to Tether.

        Question 52. The same Wall Street Journal report detailed a May
    2024 meeting between you and Devasini, after which Devasini told
    business associates that you would seek to kill any bills that could
    hurt Tether. Is this reporting accurate?
        Answer. I do not know what Mr. Devasini told business associates.

        Question 53. Have you ever told Devasini, or anyone else affiliated
    with Tether, that you would seek to undermine any bills, proposed
    legislation, or other legislative or regulatory efforts to regulate
    Tether?
        Answer. I have repeatedly conveyed my belief that the U.S. Congress
    should be careful not to undermine dollar hegemony on blockchain
    through legislation.

        Question 54. Tether is reportedly under investigation by the U.S.
    Justice Department for possible violations of sanctions and anti-money-
    laundering laws. The Treasury Department has also reportedly considered
    sanctioning Tether given its cryptocurrency's widespread use by
    individuals and groups sanctioned by the United States. Will you commit
    not to interfere with or otherwise attempt to influence any Federal
    investigation into Tether, if confirmed?
        Answer. I commit to fulfilling my duties as the Secretary of
    Commerce consistent with government ethics laws and regulations, to the
    extent applicable.

        Question 55. Have you discussed any potential Federal investigation
    into Tether with Devasini? If yes, please describe what you discussed
    and when these discussions occurred.
        Answer. No.

        Law Enforcement Cooperation. Mr. Lutnick, you have said that Tether
    cooperates with law enforcement. But cooperation with law enforcement
    after a crime has been identified is the least we should expect,
    especially of someone who has been nominated for a Cabinet position.

        Question 56. What proactive actions have you pressed Tether to take
    to make its platform less attractive to illicit financing?
        Answer. Tether does not operate a blockchain platform, but Cantor
    Fitzgerald has been supportive of Tether's ever-increasing engagement
    with U.S. law enforcement.

        Question 57. Have you ever told Tether that Cantor Fitzgerald would
    cease managing their assets unless Tether took additional measures to
    combat illicit financing? If yes, please specify when you first
    approached Tether about this issue and detail what measures you advised
    they take.
        Answer. Cantor Fitzerald has been supportive of Tether's ever-
    increasing engagement with U.S. law enforcement.

        Question 58. Are you aware of any law enforcement request that
    Tether has not fully cooperated with? If yes, please detail each such
    request.
        Answer. No.

        Question 59. During your nomination hearing, you said ``AI tools
    used by the U.S. government running through the market will rid the
    world of criminals using blockchain.'' You predicted these AI tools
    would be available in a couple years. Is it your position that the
    United States must wait for future technology in order to combat
    illicit financing in the stablecoin market effectively?
        Answer. No.

        Question 60. Do you believe there are no other tools we could
    deploy today to prevent the abuse of stablecoins in the secondary
    market?
        Answer. No.

        Ethics Agreement. Although your ethics agreement states that, if
    confirmed, you will resign as trustee and terminate your grantor status
    of your family trusts, members of your family remain the beneficiaries.
    According to your public financial disclosure report (OGE-278), your
    family trusts invest in a variety of companies that appear to have a
    direct nexus to programs and policies under the purview of the
    Department of Commerce, including companies that develop AI
    technologies and autonomous drones.

        Question 61. Will you take any additional steps, beyond those
    outlined in your ethics agreement, to give the American people
    assurances that you will act in the public's best interests and not
    those of your family?
        Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and
    regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department
    of Commerce.

        Question 62. Your ethics agreement also states that you will resign
    from your positions with Cantor Fitzgerald, BGC, and Newmark, and
    divest your equity and stock interests in these companies. But it does
    not indicate to whom you will divest these interests. You previously
    stated only that you ``do not expect any arrangement which involves
    selling shares on the open market.'' Please detail your current
    intentions for divesting these interests.
        Answer. I will divest my interests in Cantor Fitzgerald, BGC, and
    Newmark consistent with applicable government ethics laws and
    regulations as set forth in my ethics agreement.

        Question 63. To promote transparency and public confidence, if
    confirmed will you commit to publicly releasing the terms of your
    divestments, including the identities of the acquiring parties? If no,
    please explain why not.
        Answer. I will divest my interests in Cantor Fitzgerald, BGC, and
    Newmark consistent with applicable government ethics laws and
    regulations as set forth in my ethics agreement.

        Satellogic. Following the announcement of your nomination in
    November 2024, you resigned from the Board of Satellogic, a commercial
    remote sensing satellite company. However, Cantor Fitzgerald
    significantly increased the number of shares it owns in Satellogic in
    November 2024. And according to a Satellogic SEC filing, Tether--with
    which Cantor Fitzgerald holds a convertible bond--entered an agreement
    with Satellogic in April 2024 to buy $30 million worth of secured
    convertible notes. Satellogic received a commercial remote sensing
    license from the Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric
    Administration (NOAA) in November 2023 and will now be subject to
    NOAA's Office of Space Commerce (OSC) oversight.

        Question 64. If confirmed, will you commit to recusing yourself
    from all discussions regarding Satellogic, including NOAA's oversight
    of Satellogic?
        Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and
    regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department
    of Commerce.

        Question 65. Please explain the steps you will take, beyond your
    ethics agreement, to assure the public that you will not seek to
    benefit Satellogic if confirmed as Commerce Secretary.
        Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and
    regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department
    of Commerce.

        Question 66. In December 2024, Cantor Fitzgerald was fined $6.75
    million by the SEC to settle charges that it violated securities laws.
    According to the SEC, Cantor Fitzgerald caused two special purpose
    acquisition companies (SPACs) it controlled to falsely deny in
    regulatory filings having had contact or substantive discussions with
    potential merger targets before those SPACs' initial public offering.
    In fact, Cantor Fitzgerald had already initiated discussions with
    Satellogic and at least two other potential targets regarding a
    potential business combination when it submitted the false filing,
    according to the SEC.
        As the Chairman and CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald, were you aware of or
    involved in these discussions with Satellogic or the other potential
    targets identified by the SEC?
        Answer. Cantor Fitzgerald agreed with the SEC that Cantor Fitzerald
    would neither admit nor deny the SEC order's findings.

        Question 67. Do you condone violations of Federal securities laws
    like this?
        Answer. Cantor Fitzgerald agreed with the SEC that Cantor Fitzerald
    would neither admit nor deny the SEC order's findings. I do not condone
    violations of laws.

        China. Through BGC and Cantor Fitzgerald, you have developed
    business ties to Chinese state-owned entities. Concerns have been
    raised over whether your business interests in China may pose conflicts
    of interest or the appearance of conflicts if you are confirmed as
    Commerce Secretary. According to Kathleen Clark, a professor of
    government ethics at Washington University in St. Louis, your financial
    dealings make you essentially ``business partners'' with the Chinese
    government, which ``raises the specter of the Chinese government having
    leverage over the commerce secretary.''

        Question 68. Beyond your ethics agreement, how will you assure the
    American people that your decisions as Commerce Secretary, if
    confirmed, will not be influenced by your financial ties to Chinese-
    state-owned entities?
        Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and
    regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department
    of Commerce.

        Question 69. If confirmed, will you screen yourself from any
    communication with your business associates involved in Chinese-state-
    owned enterprises, such China Credit BGC Money Broking Company Limited,
    regarding the Administration's policies related to China?
        Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and
    regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department
    of Commerce.

        Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. On January 20, 2025, President
    Trump signed an Executive Order aiming to end all diversity, equity,
    and inclusion (DEI) programs in the Federal Government. The following
    week, President Trump signed another DEI executive order, this time
    targeting specifically the United States armed forces. Mr. Lutnick, you
    seem to value DEI in the workplace--as do I, and many Americans across
    the country and our workforce. Under your leadership at BGC, the
    company says it is developing and retaining top talent while
    emphasizing ``increasing representation of traditionally
    underrepresented groups at all levels of the organization.'' In 2023,
    another one of your companies, Newmark, signed the Girl Scouts' Gender
    Parity Initiative: Fair Play, Equal Pay. By signing up for this the
    initiative, Newmark pledged to advance gender parity within your
    organization and embraced the goal to achieve like pay for like work as
    well as 30 percent female leaders in corporate leadership roles by
    2030. Notably, Newmark was even named to Globe St.'s 2021 Women of
    Influence `Diversity Champion' list.''

        Question 70. Mr. Lutnick, you have built and led multiple highly
    successful companies--at which DEI policies appear to be implemented
    today. Do you think these policies have benefitted your companies?
        Answer. I do not know.

        Question 71. Do you disagree with President Trump's executive
    orders on DEI noted above?
        Answer. No.

        Cryptocurrency Policy. President Trump created a President's
    Working Group on Digital Asset Markets charged with formulating
    policies on digital assets--including stablecoins like Tether. As
    Commerce Secretary, you would sit on this Working Group.

        Question 72. Do you plan on recusing yourself from this Working
    Group? If no, please explain how this decision does not present a
    conflict or the appearance of a conflict, given your extensive ties to
    Tether.
        Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and
    regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department
    of Commerce.

        Question 73. If confirmed, will you commit not to discuss the
    Administration's cryptocurrency policies, regulations, or other
    deliberations with any individual associated with Tether?
        Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and
    regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department
    of Commerce.

        Question 74. According to an October 23, 2024, report in Politico,
    Republican officials close to President Trump accused you of improperly
    mixing your business interests with your duties as then-co-chair of the
    transition team. Specifically, you were accused of taking meetings on
    Capitol Hill in your role as transition co-chair, but then using the
    opportunity to raise matters impacting Cantor Fitzgerald, including
    regulatory matters involving cryptocurrency, with the Members you met.
        During the time you served as co-chair of the transition team, did
    you ever meet with Members on Capitol Hill regarding Cantor Fitzgerald
    or cryptocurrency? If yes, please identify which Member(s) and the
    purpose for the meeting(s).
        Answer. I never met with members regarding regulatory matters
    involving Cantor Fitzgerald or cryptocurrency in my capacity as co-
    chair of the transition team.

        Project 2025 and NOAA, NOAA Organic Act. NOAA is the largest bureau
    within the Department of Commerce (``DOC'') and accounts for nearly 64
    percent of its appropriated funds and a little less than one-third of
    its employees, nearly 12,000 people worldwide.
        Project 2025 states that ``NOAA should be dismantled and many of
    its functions eliminated.''

        Question 75. Should NOAA be dismantled?
        Answer. While I have testified about my priorities if confirmed, it
    is premature to discuss any specific recommendations before engaging
    with NOAA and the Office of Management and Budget. Additionally, at
    this time, it would be premature for me to comment on specific policy
    commitments before I have a chance to confer with the Department and
    the President. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with you on
    these issues.

        Question 76. Do you support any function, mission, or
    congressionally authorized or appropriated work within NOAA, or
    executed by NOAA, being moved out of the NOAA or the Department of
    Commerce? If so, please describe.
        Answer. While I have testified about my priorities if confirmed, it
    is premature to discuss any specific recommendations before engaging
    with NOAA and the Office of Management and Budget. Additionally, at
    this time, it would be premature for me to comment on specific policy
    commitments before I have a chance to confer with the Department and
    the President. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with you on
    these issues.

        Question 77. If confirmed, will the Department of Commerce retain
    all NOAA missions, functions, authorities, and congressionally
    authorized and appropriated programs, grants, and activities within
    NOAA?
        Answer. While I have testified about my priorities if confirmed, it
    is premature to discuss any specific recommendations before engaging
    with NOAA and the Office of Management and Budget. Additionally, at
    this time, it would be premature for me to comment on specific policy
    commitments before I have a chance to confer with the Department and
    the President. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with you on
    these issues.

        Question 78. Project 2025 stated that the National Weather Service
    forecasting operations should be fully commercialized, and its focus
    should be shifted to only data gathering. This would benefit private
    companies that use NOAA's taxpayer funded data and forecasting for free
    and then charge taxpayers for those services. Collaboration with the
    private sector is already happening at NOAA, but Project 2025 wants to
    halt the agency from providing its free, lifesaving forecasts that some
    companies see as competition to their product. Do you support the
    National Weather Service continuing to provide these critical forecasts
    without privatization?
        Answer. I will support the NWS to continue providing its forecasts
    for the protection of life and property.

        Question 79. What is your vision for the National Weather Service?
        Answer. I think the National Weather Service can operate more
    efficiently, but the outcome of delivering its services should not be
    changed.

        Question 80. Project 2025 proposed to ``streamline'' the National
    Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). What does that mean?
        Answer. I am not affiliated with Project 2025. I cannot opine on
    any of the group's plans or materials.

        Question 81. If NMFS were to move to the Department of the
    Interior, it would create substantial additional layers of red tape
    because the Secretary of Commerce is required to execute many
    functions, including regulatory functions, under law. Are you
    considering moving the National Marine Fisheries Service out of NOAA?
        Answer. No.

        Question 82. The Secretary of Commerce has specific authorities
    under the Endangered Species Act with respect to a number of species
    under NOAA's jurisdiction, including salmon, Southern resident orcas,
    and North Atlantic right whales. Will you ensure that as Secretary, you
    continue to uphold the Endangered Species Act, the Marine Mammal
    Protection Act, and all other laws governing NOAA and Department of
    Commerce activities related to NOAA's functions and missions that were
    in place on January 1, 2025?
        Answer. I will follow the law.

        Question 83. If the Department of Commerce were to allow the
    Department of the Interior to conduct the Department of Commerce
    Endangered Species Act activates, including listings, consultations,
    and any other activities, the Secretary of Commerce would still be
    required under law to execute the Endangered Species Act. Allowing
    Department of Interior to participate in these activities would add red
    tape, result in permitting delays, it would separate scientists and
    experts from regulatory matters concerning endangered and protected
    species and ultimately result in increased cost to communities that
    rely on reliable permitting and consultations to execute infrastructure
    projects such as ports, highways and rail. Would you allow any NOAA
    Endangered Species or Protected Species authorities, functions, or
    activities (including consultations) to be moved to the Department of
    the Interior?
        Answer. I will continue to support collaboration between NOAA and
    Interior when necessary on ESA activities as they currently do.
    NOAA Corps.
        The NOAA Corps is the smallest uniformed service of the United
    States and is comprised of 320 uniformed members operating a fleet of
    15 large research vessels, 10 aircraft, and many small boats. NOAA
    research vessels conduct hydrographic, oceanographic, atmospheric, and
    fisheries research including stock assessments which support fisheries
    management, energy development, marine transportation, port operations,
    emergency response, and national security. Project 2025 proposes to
    break up the Office of Marine and Aviation Operations and reassign
    NOAA's vessel and aircraft fleet to other agencies, eliminating NOAA's
    ability to meet its missions.

        Question 84. Are you in support of breaking up this office and
    reassigning its assets?
        Answer. While I have testified about my priorities if confirmed, it
    is premature to discuss any specific recommendations before engaging
    with NOAA and the Office of Management and Budget. Additionally, at
    this time, it would be premature for me to comment on specific policy
    commitments before I have a chance to confer with the Department and
    the President. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with you on
    these issues.

        Question 85. The NOAA Corps has been underfunded in recent years,
    which is why we have worked in a bipartisan basis to authorize funding
    increases for the Corps missions, people, and assets. Do you support
    increasing resources for the NOAA Corps so that it is able to execute
    its full mission set?
        Answer. While I have testified about my priorities if confirmed, it
    is premature to discuss any specific recommendations before engaging
    with NOAA and the Office of Management and Budget. Additionally, at
    this time, it would be premature for me to comment on specific policy
    commitments before I have a chance to confer with the Department and
    the President. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with you on
    these issues.

        Question 86. The NOAA Corps provides a critical service to our
    Nation yet is often overlooked in laws and policies governing the
    Uniformed Services of the United States. As Secretary, would you work
    with the Committee, and with your own authority, to provide services,
    benefits, cutting edge training, and access to family resources such as
    childcare, health care, and other unique needs of NOAA Corps members?
        Answer. While I have testified about my priorities if confirmed, it
    is premature to discuss any specific recommendations before engaging
    with NOAA and the Office of Management and Budget. Additionally, at
    this time, it would be premature for me to comment on specific policy
    commitments before I have a chance to confer with the Department and
    the President. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with you on
    these issues.

        Question 87. Sexual assault and sexual harassment at sea is also a
    serious issue facing all uniformed services, including the NOAA Corps.
    As Secretary, how will you work to eliminate instances of sexual
    assault, sexual harassment, and sexual misconduct from the NOAA Corps?
        Answer. I will fully support the significant advancements NOAA has
    made in eliminating sexual assault, harassment and misconduct in the
    NOAA Fleet and across the NOAA portfolio. The priority on training,
    expectations for conduct, and accountability measures that are part of
    NOAA and the NOAA Corps will remain in effect under my leadership.

        Question 88. The NOAA Corps has made great strides in improving
    investigations, response, and victim care, but there is more to be
    done. How will you work to address prevention, response, and victim
    care activities in the NOAA Corps?
        Answer. I will work to ensure the resources required by the NOAA
    Corps for prevention, response and victim care are provided. The NOAA
    Corps works with the other services to access resources and leverage
    shared government resources to support our service members.

        Question 89. Sexual assault and sexual harassment are also a
    problem in the NOAA fisheries observer programs. What will you do to
    address these issues facing fisheries observers?
        Answer. Observer safety at sea is an on-going and serious issue. I
    will continue the work NOAA does with the U.S. Coast Guard, Congress,
    and industry to institute best practices through training and
    accountability to provide a safe working environment for fishery
    observers. I will also work with Congress and the USCG to evaluate
    opportunities for monetary and permitting deterrents.

        Oscar Dyson's Repair Funding. We understand that repairs for the R/
    V Oscar Dyson's repair funding have been held up by the EO pausing
    executive orders. The R/V Oscar Dyson is critical for the Alaskan
    Pollock industry's stock assessments, which they rely on under law to
    establish catch limits.

        Question 90. Should this funding be paused? Did you review the
    updated OMB guidance?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will review the OMB guidance and work
    closely with you and your office on this issue.

        Question 91. Will you commit to ensuring that the contract will be
    issued for the R/V Oscar Dyson's midlife repair as appropriated and
    included in the spend plan approved by the appropriations committees?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I plan to work closely with Congress on
    the R/V Oscar Dyson's condition and address it in a timely and
    efficient manner.

        Question 92. Do you support transferring survey funding to the
    Coast Guard? Or the USGS? The USGS does not operate vessels of this
    size and is not capable.
        Answer. It is not my intention to move services outside of NOAA and
    into other agencies.

        Scientific Integrity. Science-based decision-making is at the core
    of weather forecasting and is a cornerstone of robust policy decisions.

        Question 93. Will you ensure that NOAA's scientific work remains
    accurate and free from political interference?
        Answer. I support that NOAA's scientific work continues to follow
    the science, the scientific method and remains scientifically accurate.

        Question 94. What steps will you take to ensure NOAA continues to
    lead the world in ocean and atmospheric science, modelling, and
    engineering?
        Answer. Atmospheric science, modelling, and engineering are at the
    core of NOAA's mission to protect life and property through its
    services to the American people. I support NOAA continuing to lead the
    world in these efforts.

        Tribal Consultation and Salmon Management. Tribes are a key partner
    in fisheries management, conservation, and resilience, across the
    nation, and especially in Pacific Northwest and Alaska. NOAA has
    struggled to meet its treaty obligations to tribes and has not fully
    complied with government-to-government consultation and engagement
    requirements under law and policy.

        Question 95. If confirmed, will you ensure that Tribes are able to
    access meaningful government-to-government consultation on NOAA
    programs, including grants?
        Answer. Yes.

        Question 96. Will you commit to the Department's obligation to
    provide technical assistance to Tribes? Will you continue to support
    capacity building programs, including programs that support Tribes
    accessing and executing grants and providing access to technical
    assistance?
        Answer. Yes.

        Question 97. I established a new Tribal hatchery infrastructure
    program in an effort to restore salmon populations that benefit Tribes,
    sportsmen and Washington's $22 billion outdoor recreation economy which
    supports more than 200,000 jobs. Do you support investing in hatchery
    infrastructure? Will you work with me to double down on salmon hatchery
    investments to ensure that tribes, sportsmen, and commercial fishermen
    are able to fish?
        Answer. NOAA considers the Tribes key partners in fisheries
    management and should continue to work with them on fisheries issues.

        Question 98. What is the definition of DEI? Do you consider
    programs supporting Tribes as DEI? Do you consider tribal consultation
    as DEI? Are tribal liaisons and offices designated as DEI?
        Answer. NOAA respects the sovereignty of Tribal Nations and
    considers the Tribes key partners in fisheries management and will
    continue to work with them on fisheries issues.

        Montlake Lab. NOAA's Montlake Fisheries Science Center (``Montlake
    Lab'') in Seattle will be divested due to the building's age, and
    proximity to the 520 Bridge. The Montlake Lab conducts critical
    research important to our multi-billion-dollar fisheries in the Pacific
    Northwest and Alaska, including research into future opportunities in
    domestic aquaculture of black cod and shellfish. In lieu of
    constructing a new building, NOAA is working on establishing a long-
    term lease of a new facility at the University of Washington. More than
    $80 million has already been appropriated for this purpose.

        Question 99. Will you commit to ensuring the appropriated $80
    million will reserved for its intended use: to replace NOAA's Montlake
    Lab?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will work to better understand
    Montlake Lab and will appreciate your input on this issue.

        Fisheries. Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing poses
    significant threats not only to global fish stocks but also to national
    security and economic security in the United States, as illegal fishing
    often goes hand in hand with other illicit activities such as forced
    labor and drug trafficking. Failure to effectively combat IUU fishing
    also places U.S. fishing communities--which invest millions of dollars
    to play by the rules--at a competitive disadvantage in U.S. and global
    markets.

        Question 100. How would you, as Secretary of Commerce, strengthen
    NOAA's efforts to combat illegal fishing, particularly in key regions
    of interest, such as the Arctic? Do you agree it is critical to close
    U.S. markets to illegal seafood imports, including Russian seafood?
        Answer. Yes. I think it is critical to combat illegal seafood
    imports and will work closely with NOAA to combat illegal fishing upon
    confirmation.

        Question 101. How else will you help the U.S. lead in combating
    illegal fishing and safeguard American interests?
        Answer. I plan to work closely with Congress to identify illegal
    fishing across the United States and address it in a timely and
    efficient manner.

        Question 102. NOAA Fisheries and partner agencies are working to
    combat IUU fishing and associated labor abuses in the seafood sector.
    Unfortunately, U.S. consumers unwittingly buy imported IUU-fished
    seafood each year, making our market a major driver of global illegal
    fishing and its grave human costs. We import more seafood than any
    other single nation in the world, including, in 2019, an estimated $2.4
    billion dollars' worth of seafood imports derived from IUU fishing
    practices. The influx of illegal imports, in turn, is harming our
    domestic fishing communities as they seek a fair price for their legal
    catch. Would you agree that the United States has tremendous market
    power to curb illegal fishing and improve ocean health by rejecting IUU
    fished seafood from its markets? Do you commit to supporting NOAA
    Fisheries in continuing its efforts to do so within the Department of
    Commerce?
        Answer. Yes. I support NOAA's efforts to curb illegal fishing and
    improve ocean health through rejecting IUU fished seafood to U.S.
    markets.

        Question 103. The U.S. has some of the most effectively managed
    fisheries in the world Our fisheries are critical to the economy. The
    Magnuson-Stevens Act has successfully built numerous fisheries around
    the country, but there is still progress to be made in our management
    system.
        How do you plan to enhance NOAA's role in ensuring that U.S.
    fisheries are sustainably managed for future generations?
        Answer. I support responsibly managed fisheries and, upon
    confirmation, will work closely with your office on this matter.

        Question 104. Given the significant economic challenges facing the
    U.S. fishing industry, including high production costs, collapsing
    markets, and foreign competition that is sabotaging prices and markets
    for American fishermen, how would you as Commerce Secretary ensure the
    long-term viability of coastal communities and economies that are
    reliant on healthy fisheries and ecosystems?
        Answer. Ensuring the long-term viability of coastal communities and
    economies that are reliant on healthy fisheries and ecosystems is very
    important. Upon confirmation, I will work closely with you and your
    office on this topic.

        Question 105. According to the latest statistics from 2022, U.S.
    commercial and recreational fisheries generated $321 billion in sales,
    2.3 million jobs, and $149.8 billion in value-added to the U.S.
    economy. Commercial fisheries landings alone were valued at $5.9
    billion, and recreational fishermen took 201 million fishing trips that
    year. Communities across the country rely on these fisheries and the
    benefits they provide. They also rely on NOAA Fisheries providing world
    class science and management to support this fishing activity. Will you
    commit to investing effort and resources into improving fishery data
    systems, navigating climate change, and other pressures on fisheries?
        Answer. Ensuring robust and organized data, and management of that
    data is key to having world class science at NMFS. Upon confirmation, I
    will support improving the science and management of fisheries.

        Question 106. Do you support increased funding for stock assessment
    surveys?
        Answer. Robust and reliable data is critical to the NMFS mission.
    Upon confirmation, I will be happy to work with your office closely on
    improving stock assessments.

        Question 107. Pursuant to regulation, the National Marine Fisheries
    Service will issue determinations late in 2025 on whether foreign
    fisheries are meeting U.S. standards for protecting marine mammals and
    the U.S. government will ban imports that do not meet U.S. standards on
    January 1, 2026. Until that regulation is implemented, U.S. fishermen
    compete in the U.S. market against foreign fisheries that are not
    playing by the rules and U.S. consumers are unwittingly eating seafood
    that needlessly kills whales and dolphins. Will you commit to ensuring
    that the National Marine Fisheries Service rigorously implements the
    requirement that foreign fisheries meet U.S. standards and not allow
    the agency to give foreign fisheries a ``pass'' for mere effort and
    instead demand concrete, affirmative proof that foreign fisheries meet
    U.S. standards?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to better understanding
    this issue receiving your input.

        NOAA and DOGE. President Trump has created a new ``Department of
    Government Efficiency'' (DOGE) to be run by people without expertise in
    ocean and climate science or marine natural resource management.
    Despite this lack of experience and expertise, DOGE will make
    recommendations on how to manage Federal agencies like NOAA, including
    on which programs and positions to cut. NOAA employs workers across the
    United States, with laboratories and regional offices supporting jobs
    in Alaska, Washington, New York, Oklahoma, Texas, Hawaii, Missouri, and
    Utah. Shutting down these offices or broadly firing career employees
    would not only harm U.S. ocean science leadership, it would also harm
    the communities across the country that benefit from NOAA facilities,
    data, and services.

        Question 108. If confirmed, would you carry out recommendations
    that would jeopardize NOAA's scientific integrity, or reduce public
    access to NOAA data and services?
        Answer. NOAA is one of the best examples of a government agency
    that provides data and services back to the taxpayers, through its data
    and services for the protection of life and property. I will follow the
    law, and I support NOAA taking a data-driven approach to address
    important issues.

        Question 109. NOAA's current mission is ``To understand and predict
    changes in climate, weather, ocean, and coasts, to share that knowledge
    and information with others, and to conserve and manage coastal and
    marine ecosystems and resources''. Do you agree with this mission? If
    so, how will you use your position as Secretary of Commerce to advance
    this mission?
        Answer. Yes. Upon confirmation, I will work to support NOAA
    achieving its mission in the most efficient and effective manner
    possible.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Amy Klobuchar to
                                 Howard Lutnick
    Question Topic: Artificial Intelligence
        We discussed American leadership in artificial intelligence (AI)
    and the need to put standards in place for high-impact AI models. My
    bill with Majority Leader Thune, the Artificial Intelligence Research,
    Innovation, and Accountability Act, would direct the Commerce
    Department to issue standards for testing and evaluating high-risk,
    non-defense AI applications.

        Question 1. If confirmed, will you review this bill and commit to
    working with us on it?
        Answer. Yes.
    Question Topic: Unfair Trade Practices
        It is critical Minnesota's workers and producers have the
    opportunity to grow and thrive without being undermined by unfair trade
    practices. For decades, our Nation's bipartisan antidumping and
    countervailing duty laws have played a vital role in addressing those
    practices. I have heard from industries and workers in my state about
    the need to enforce and strengthen these laws.

        Question 2. If confirmed, what will you do to ensure that the
    Commerce Department aggressively enforces our anti-dumping and
    countervailing duty laws?
        Answer. Strong trade enforcement will be a priority during my
    tenure. Upon confirmation, I look forward to working with Congress to
    ensure that the Department is properly resourced and has the tools it
    needs to execute its mission.

        Question 3. Will you commit to working with Congress to update our
    trade laws to address repeat violators and account for cross-border
    subsidies?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to working with Congress
    on efforts to strengthen the Department's authority to address bad
    actors that unfairly disadvantage American workers and businesses.
    Question Topic: Semiconductor Follow-up
        Given that bolstering domestic semiconductor manufacturing is a big
    priority of mine, I was glad to hear yesterday that you consider CHIPS
    Act funding to be a much-needed ``down payment'' for the American
    economy but want to clarify what you meant.

        Question 4. If confirmed, do you commit to strengthening
    investments in the production of legacy-node semiconductors (also known
    as specialty chips) in Minnesota and across the country?
        Answer. Reshoring and nearshoring semiconductor production is
    critical to our economic and national security. Ensuring that the
    United States has robust domestic manufacturing capacity and supply
    chains to support the production of semiconductors is a top priority
    for me. Upon confirmation, I plan to ensure that the Department is
    delivering these objectives in the most effective way possible.
    Question Topic: Greenland/Conflicts of Interest
        We discussed Cantor Fitzgerald's financial interest in Critical
    Metals Corp., which acquired a controlling stake in a mine in southern
    Greenland in June 2024. According to the New York Times, Critical
    Metals Corp.'s CEO regards you as a possible conduit for U.S.
    government investment in this project.
        According to your government ethics agreement, you have agreed to
    not participate in any matters that have a direct and predictable
    effect on the financial interests of Cantor Fitzgerald or its
    subsidiaries until you are fully divested from the firm. Reports
    indicate, however, that your family members intend to continue working
    for the firm. As a result, regardless of your own personal divestment
    plans, I am concerned about the potential conflicts of interest, as
    well as the appearance of such conflicts.

        Question 5. If confirmed, will you recuse yourself from policy
    issues related to Greenland?
        Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and
    regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department
    of Commerce.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Edward Markey to
                                 Howard Lutnick
    Trade with Canada
        Canada buys $3.2 billion worth of goods from Massachusetts every
    year and 35,000 people in my state are employed by Canadian companies.
    Canada has already taken significant steps to reduce illegal activity
    at the border.

        Question 1. Will you push back if President Trump attempts to use
    trade laws for anything other than to support Americans and American
    jobs?
        Answer. President Donald J. Trump's mission, and my mission, is to
    support the American people, create good paying American jobs, and keep
    our country safe. I think we all can and should support those goals.
    Pardons:
        Question 2. Do you support President Trump's pardons of violent
    January 6th insurrectionists?
        Answer. Presidential pardons are the prerogative of the President
    and outside the scope of the Department of Commerce.
    Inspectors General:
        Last week, President Trump fired the Department of Commerce
    Inspector General, among 17 other inspectors general, without giving a
    30-day notice to Congress, as required by law.

        Question 3. Do you support President Trump's decision to fire the
    Inspectors General?
        Answer. I look forward to working with the new Inspector General
    upon confirmation.

        Question 4. If President Trump directed you to unlawfully remove
    employees under the Commerce Department, would you comply with that
    order?
        Answer. I will follow the law.
    Artificial Intelligence:
        In your confirmation hearing in front of the Senate Commerce
    Committee you mentioned your goal to create artificial intelligence
    standards.

        Question 5. Can you describe your plan for the creation of
    artificial intelligence standards?
        Answer. As I stated in the hearing, the Department has the gold
    standard in cybersecurity. We should seek a similar approach for AI.
    The United States should be a leader in AI development, not a leader in
    heavy-handed regulation that hampers innovation.

        Question 6. If confirmed, will you commit to directing the National
    Institute of Standards and Technology to convene a consortium of
    stakeholders to identify measurement needs and standards for artificial
    intelligence's environmental impacts?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I support including all relevant and
    necessary stakeholders.

        Question 7. If confirmed, will you commit to supporting the
    National Institute of Standards and Technology to create a system for
    entities developing or operating artificial intelligence to voluntarily
    report the full range of artificial intelligence's environment impacts?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I commit to studying this issue further
    and working with your office on this matter.

        Question 8. NTIA also recently released a report noting the
    benefits of open-source AI and has also concluded that the Federal
    government should invest in monitoring and testing AI for harms. Will
    you follow the recommendations of Commerce's own experts within NTIA?
        Answer. As stated in President Donald J. Trump's Executive order,
    titled ``Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial
    Intelligence,'' AI should promote human flourishing, economic
    competitiveness, and national security. Upon confirmation, I look
    forward to working with NTIA on advancing these objectives while
    mitigating risks that would hinder AI's potential.
    Algorithmic Discrimination:
        Question 9. Do you believe that bias and discriminatory artificial
    intelligence is a problem?
        Answer. I believe AI should be held to the highest standards.

        Question 10. If confirmed, what is your plan to address biased and
    discriminatory artificial intelligence, especially in critical areas
    such as health care, education, employment, and criminal justice?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will work to ensure AI is held to the
    highest standards.
    Workforce Development Programs:
        The Department of Commerce established two principles that guided
    the Department's workforce development programs. First, the Department
    of Commerce laid out a three-part approach to help meet employers' need
    for talent and to connect Americans to good jobs. These principles
    included: Invest in employer-driven education and training systems;
    foster transformative employer practices; and produce timely data to
    help Americans develop and advance. Second, through the Department of
    Labor's Good Jobs Principles, the Department of Commerce worked to
    ensure its programs created goods jobs as a building block for
    equitable economic growth.

        Question 11. If confirmed, will you keep these two principles in
    place?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to examining the
    Department's principles.
    Million Women in Construction Initiative:
        In May, Department of Commerce announced the Million Women in
    Construction Initiative which aims to expand the American construction
    workforce by doubling the number of women in construction over the next
    decade.

        Question 12. If confirmed, will you commit to maintaining the Women
    in Construction Initiative?
        Answer. I support the Department's work to boost American
    manufacturing.

        Question 13. If directed by President Trump, would you stop any
    support for increasing the number of women in the construction
    industry?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to coordinating with the
    President on labor market policy.
    Facial Recognition:
        NIST's Face Recognition Vendor Test has been an important tool in
    informing our understanding of the impact, bias, and performance of
    facial recognition technology.

        Question 14. Do you commit to maintaining the program, including
    its independence in its scientific and voluntary assessments?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to carefully reviewing
    this program.
    Closing the Digital Divide:
        Question 15. Do you support closing the digital divide for low-
    income people?
        Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all
    Americans.

        Question 16. Do you support closing the digital divide for elderly
    individuals?
        Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all
    Americans.

        Question 17. Do you support closing the digital divide for
    incarcerated individuals?
        Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all
    Americans.

        Question 18. Do you support closing the digital divide for
    veterans?
        Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all
    Americans.

        Question 19. Do you support closing the digital divide for
    individuals with disabilities?
        Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all
    Americans.

        Question 20. Do you support closing the digital divide for
    individuals with a language barrier?
        Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all
    Americans.

        Question 21. Do you support closing the digital divide for
    individuals who are members of a racial or ethnic minority group?
        Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all
    Americans.

        Question 22. Do you support closing the digital divide for people
    who primarily reside in a rural area?
        Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all
    Americans.

        Question 23. If confirmed, what is your plan to close the digital
    divide in our country?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will use all appropriate tools to
    improve connectivity for all Americans in the most efficient and
    effective way.

        Question 24. If confirmed, what is your plan to close the digital
    divide for Indigenous people?
        Answer. I support efforts to improve connectivity for all
    Americans.

        Question 25. If confirmed, what is your plan to close the digital
    divide for students?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will support efforts to improve
    connectivity for all Americans.
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration:
        Question 26. Project 2025 included a proposal to dissolve the
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NOAA houses
    irreplaceable climate, fisheries, and endangered species expertise. Can
    you confirm you would not dissolve or privatize NOAA, if confirmed?
        Answer. I was not affiliated with Project 2025. I cannot opine on
    any of the group's plans or materials. I have no plans to dissolve
    NOAA.

        Question 27. We have critical NOAA facilities in Massachusetts,
    including the Northeast Fisheries Science Center. Can you commit to
    working with me to maintain that facility and support NOAA's presence
    in Massachusetts?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will commit to working with you on
    this topic.

        Question 28. President Trump has already issued executive orders
    targeting offshore wind. These projects are creating hundreds of union
    jobs in Massachusetts, and NOAA has a role in permitting these projects
    and understanding their effect on our ocean sand wildlife. If
    confirmed, will you work with me to protect Massachusetts jobs and help
    return economic stability to this industry?
        Answer. I support all American workers, and I look forward to
    working with your office on this topic.

        Question 29. Project 2025 also called for the privatization of key
    functions of the National Weather Service. Do you support the
    privatization of our National Weather Service?
        Answer. I was not affiliated with Project 2025. I cannot opine on
    any of the group's plans or materials. NOAA and the National Weather
    Service provide important services to the American people.
    Minority Business Development Agency:
        Question 30. Do you believe the President's executive orders can
    overturn statutory authority at the Minority Business Development
    Agency?
        Answer. I will comply with President Donald J. Trump's executive
    orders to the fullest extent of the law.
                                     ______

        Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Gary Peters to
                                 Howard Lutnick
        Question 1. Mr. Lutnick, it is clear that if a universal tariff
    approach is taken by this Administration, trade enforcement will look
    substantially different than in years past. In fact, it is likely that
    the Department of Commerce and the International Trade Administration
    will be tasked with investigating greater instances of duty
    circumvention. How do you envision the International Trade
    Administration factoring into the enforcement of this Administration's
    trade agenda? Do you believe the agency possesses the appropriate
    resources to handle what will likely be an increased volume of
    investigations?
        Answer. The Department has seen a significant increase in trade
    enforcement cases, and additional resources should be considered. Upon
    confirmation, I hope to work with your office and appropriators to make
    sure that component of the Department is properly resourced.

        Question 2. Mr. Lutnick, as you are aware, under Section 232 of the
    Trade Expansion Act of 1962, the President is permitted to impose
    certain import controls, including tariffs, so long as the Commerce
    Department investigates and determines that imports in question
    threaten national security. So far, the Trump Administration has
    threatened to impose tariffs on countries, outside of the Section 232
    process, as well as outside of the Section 201 and 301 processes. If
    the President does indeed consider imposing tariffs outside of the
    Section 232 process, can you explain what role the Department will have
    in making recommendations on the ultimate need of duty imposition?
    Should the President seek to utilize the Section 232 process, can you
    commit that you will engage in a fair and transparent investigation
    process?
        Answer. As part of the Administration's trade team, the Department
    has immense analytical capabilities that will be brought to bear in a
    deliberative process of this magnitude. Regarding Section 232, the
    Department has a long record of fair and transparent investigations,
    whether in the Section 232 context or regarding other matters.

        Question 3. Mr. Lutnick, it is imperative that we address both the
    economic and national security threat posed by Chinese government-
    backed automotive companies. That's why I pushed for the Biden
    Administration's rule--finalized early this year--that would prevent
    the import or sale of any Chinese-controlled connected vehicle or
    vehicles component in the U.S. This rule--written by the Bureau of
    Industry and Security under the Department of Commerce--would prevent
    Chinese companies from building manufacturing plants in Mexico in order
    to send vehicles that could spy on Americans across the border.
    However, President Trump signed an executive order last week that
    freezes and calls for a review of this important rule. If confirmed,
    will you work to immediately unfreeze this rule and implement this ban
    on dangerous Chinese-connected vehicles and vehicles technologies in
    America?
        Answer. As I understand, there has not been a notice published in
    the Federal Register delaying this rule. Upon confirmation, I will
    review this regulation and take appropriate action.

        Question 4. Mr. Lutnick, the Chips and Science Act has been a huge
    win for Michigan manufacturers. I was encouraged in our meeting by your
    support for this law and projects like Hemlock Semiconductor's
    expansion in Saginaw, Michigan. As you may know, I authored a provision
    in the Chips and Science Act to ensure funding also went to ensuring
    the domestic production of the types of chips used in automobiles--or
    ``legacy chips.'' In 2020, a shortage of these chips left thousands of
    vehicles sitting in lots waiting for parts and caused the price of a
    car to increase significantly for consumers. If confirmed, will you
    continue to prioritize Chips Act funding for domestic mature node
    production? What additional steps will you take to ensure that the
    United States has a secure, domestic source of these mature chips?
        Answer. The CHIPS Act advanced efforts to ensure that the United
    States has robust domestic manufacturing capacity and supply chains to
    support the production of semiconductors whether they are leading edge
    or legacy-node semiconductors, including those critical to automotive
    and other applications. Upon confirmation, I plan to ensure that the
    Department is delivering on those requirements in the most effective
    way possible.

        Question 5. Mr. Lutnick, Michigan received over $1.5 billion in the
    Bipartisan Infrastructure Law's BEAD program to build rural broadband
    across Michigan and make sure every Michigander has access to high-
    speed internet. The process for deploying these funds has been long due
    to Congress's requirement to improve FCC mapping prior to the
    deployment of funds to ensure that funding would flow to those
    communities who are the most in need. Those projects are starting now,
    and our state needs certainty that the rug won't be ripped out from
    under them as we build out broadband networks over the next decade. If
    confirmed, do you commit to preventing rural broadband funding from
    being frozen, withdrawn, or otherwise unnecessarily delayed?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I plan to review BEAD funding closely,
    ensure thoughtful consideration is provided to all states, including
    Michigan, and implement the law to ensure efficient and effective
    outcomes for all Americans.

        Question 6. Mr. Lutnick, the BEAD program statute, supported by
    both Democrats and Republicans, allows states that have left over BEAD
    funds after fully deploying broadband Internet to all the unserved
    locations in the state to use those leftover funds for digital skills
    training to ensure that our workforce has the Internet skills they need
    in our modern economy. The law does not allow NTIA to punish states who
    used funds efficiently by clawing back leftover funds--instead states
    must be allowed to use these funds for their intended purpose. If
    confirmed will you commit to follow the law and allow states that have
    leftover BEAD funds to use them on eligible digital skills and literacy
    programs?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I commit to reviewing BEAD nondeployment
    funds to ensure that they are efficiently and effectively used
    consistent with the law.

        Question 7. Mr. Lutnick, the Michigan Manufacturing Tech Center
    (MMTC) does amazing work with small and medium manufacturers across my
    state--doing personalized consultations, workforce training, and
    helping small businesses integrate new technologies into their
    manufacturing process. The MMTC is part of the Department of Commerce's
    Hollingsworth Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program.
    Unfortunately, Project 2025 called for privatizing this program, which
    would reduce the capacity of Centers like MMTC to support Michigan
    small businesses. These centers have an exceptionally high return on
    investment--MMTC creates $18 dollars in economic growth for every $1 it
    spends. If confirmed, do you commit to opposing efforts any efforts to
    privatize or defund Manufacturing Extension Partnerships?
        Answer. President Donald J. Trump will make a decision in due
    course regarding the budget and spending priorities that he will submit
    to Congress in the coming months.

        Question 8. Mr. Lutnick, the Department of Commerce houses the
    Census Bureau, a critical agency. The Bureau conducts the census, the
    only comprehensive source of data about our Nation. It also leads
    essential surveys--like the Economic Census and the American Community
    Survey--which provide the data for our Nation's economic indicators,
    and help businesses determine how to invest and create jobs. Census
    data affect our roads, hospitals, schools, fire departments, veterans'
    services, small businesses, and more. To carry out this mission,
    especially in rural communities and others that are hard to count, the
    Bureau needs sufficient funding. If confirmed, will you work with me to
    ensure that Census Bureau funding is a priority for the Commerce
    Department?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I commit to working with you and your
    staff on issues pertaining to the Census Bureau.

        Question 9. Mr. Lutnick, Next Fiscal Year, the Census Bureau is
    planning to conduct the 2026 Census Test, the first major on-the-ground
    tests to prepare for the 2030 Census. These tests, conducted in six
    sites nationwide, will evaluate innovative technologies and
    methodologies to help ensure the next decennial count is accurate and
    cost efficient, including for rural areas, tribal areas, high-growth
    areas, and others. To ensure the success of this critical planning
    phase, the Bureau needs the ability to hire staff, as well as reliable
    funding. What are your plans for ensuring continuity of operations for
    the 2026 Census Test?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I plan to work closely with Census
    Bureau leadership and staff to ensure the effectiveness of its
    operations.

        Question 10. I proudly serve as Co-Chair of the Great Lakes Task
    Force and have long advocated for the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental
    Research Laboratory (GLERL). GLERL studies the dynamic environments and
    ecosystems of the Great Lakes. The work produced and shared by GLERL
    informs local decisions for safe and sustainable resource management
    throughout the Great Lakes Basin. GLERL research also plays a crucial
    role in the work carried out by the Coast Guard's Center of Expertise
    for Oil Spill Preparedness and Response in Sault Ste Marie. If
    confirmed, will you support stable funding and continued attention to
    GLERL and its mission in the Great Lakes?
        Answer. I will work closely with you and your office with regard to
    funding and proper attention to the GLERL.

        Question 11. Mr. Lutnick, the Chips and Science Act included $11
    billion for research and development. Given the speed of innovation in
    the semiconductor industry and the unusually high reliance the sector
    has on R&D, disseminating these funds in a fair and transparent manner
    is essential to ensure that the progress we are making in onshoring
    semiconductor supply chains is not lost. If confirmed, will you commit
    to fairly allocating the remaining R&D funding to keep our
    semiconductor sector competitive?
        Answer. Ensuring that the U.S. has robust domestic manufacturing
    capacity and supply chains to support the production of semiconductors
    whether they are leading edge or legacy-node semiconductors like those
    critical to automotive and other applications is called for by the
    CHIPS Act. Upon confirmation, I plan to ensure that the Department is
    delivering on those requirements in the most effective way possible.

        Question 12. The Department of Commerce strongly encouraged
    applicants for CHIPS funding to use a project labor agreement (PLA) to
    reduce the risk of delays in project delivery and ensure the creation
    of good-paying jobs. If a PLA is not used, the Department of Commerce
    requested applicants demonstrate workforce continuity with other
    measures, such as commitments to target labor hours expected to be
    performed by registered apprentices. If confirmed, will you keep this
    policy in place?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I plan to ensure that the CHIPS funding
    agreements are structured to deliver the most benefit to Americans and
    that we maintain a robust domestic semiconductor manufacturing base.

        Question 13. It has been reported that while at Cantor-Fitzgerald,
    you were responsible for managing the assets of the cryptocurrency,
    Tether. It appears that this Administration wants to take an active
    look into regulations surrounding digital assets, including
    cryptocurrencies. In fact, in his first week in office, the President
    issued an Executive Order establishing a working group designed to
    examine the future of digital assets in this country, and the position
    for which you've been nominated was listed as a member of this working
    group. The future of cryptocurrencies and digital assets is one that
    will require bipartisan cooperation, and it is critical that agendas
    are not being pursued as we craft common-sense rules and regulations.
    As such, do you believe that your previous work with Tether is a
    conflict of interest that should prohibit you from engaging in
    conversations about future Federal treatment and regulation of digital
    assets?
        Answer. I will follow applicable government ethics laws and
    regulations based on guidance from the Ethics Office of the Department
    of Commerce.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tammy Baldwin to
                                 Howard Lutnick
    American Innovation
        The Department of Commerce does significant work to ensure U.S.
    companies are able to compete with China and drive American innovation.

        Question 1. How will you utilize programs within the Commerce
    Department, including those authorized by the bipartisan CHIPs and
    Science Act, to promote American innovation?
        Answer. The Department plays a critical role in driving American
    innovation, especially in areas of critical technology that are
    critical for our competition with China. From efforts at NIST to drive
    innovation AI, quantum science, semiconductors, and cybersecurity, to
    programs at BIS that help protect U.S. leadership in critical those
    same critical technology areas, I will ensure that the Department is
    well positioned to continue to drive U.S. innovation. I look forward to
    working with the Administration and Congress to that end.
    Wisconsin BioHealth Tech Hub
        Wisconsin's BioHealth Tech Hub positions the state as a global
    leader in personalized medicine, which tailors healthcare treatment to
    a patient's unique history and genetic code.

        Question 2. Last week, I spoke with community leaders involved with
    Wisconsin's Tech Hub. Their number one question was, can we count on
    future funding?
        Answer. Please see below for the answer to questions 2 and 3.
        The first tranche of funding has been disbursed, but there are
    millions more owed to the Tech Hub over the next 5 years.

        Question 3. Should the Wisconsin Biohealth Tech Hub be concerned
    they may not receive future tranches of funding?
        Answer. I recognize the importance of the Tech Hubs program and
    look forward to closely reviewing the program and staying in contact
    with your office to ensure that the American people are getting the
    benefit of the bargain.
    Sec 232 Steel Derivatives
        Section 232 tariffs have been successful in defending the U.S.
    steel and aluminum industry from dumping by foreign producers,
    primarily China. However, in response to these tariffs, foreign
    producers have shifted their production downstream. Prestressed
    concrete (PC) steel strand, a derivative steel product made from steel
    wire rod, and fabricated structural steel (FSS), a derivative steel
    product made from steel beams, sections, and plate are not currently
    protected under the Sec. 232 tariff program. These downstream products
    are critical to our nation's physical infrastructure. Expanding the 232
    tariffs to cover these products would lead to increased domestic
    production capacity and protect American jobs.

        Question 4. If confirmed, will you expand the scope of the Section
    232 steel tariffs to cover prestressed concrete steel strand and
    fabricated structural steel?
        Answer. I understand President Donald J. Trump's America First
    Trade Policy Memorandum directs the Department to study the existing
    steel tariffs and suggest potential changes. Upon confirmation, I will
    be sure the Department specifically looks at prestressed concrete steel
    strand and fabricated structural steel.
    AD/CVD
        Over the past decade, the number of U.S. trade remedy orders has
    grown substantially. During this time, instances of transshipment and
    other forms of customs fraud have also increased.
        Foreign producers, particularly in China, have created elaborate
    schemes using shell companies to obscure the origin of their products
    and evade AD and CVD duties.

        Question 5. With that context, do you believe the United States'
    ``trade toolbox'' needs to be updated?
        Answer. I look forward to working with Congress to ensure the
    Department has the resources and tools it needs to strongly enforce our
    trade laws.

        Question 6. If so, will you work with me to strengthen Customs'
    enforcement tools to uphold lawfully imposed trade orders and preserve
    the effectiveness of U.S. trade laws?
        Answer. Yes.
    Trade Enforcement
        The Commerce Department has a critical role to play in the
    enforcement of our trade laws and in ensuring a level playing field for
    domestic manufacturers. Unfortunately, we have seen time and again
    foreign producers flood the U.S. market with dumped and subsidized
    imports. as well as design all sorts of tactics to evade our trade laws
    and current orders. While China is notorious for this type of unfair
    trade activity, producers from historically allied nations take
    advantage of our trade laws as well. For example, in steel, the United
    States has orders against unfair trade from a long list of foreign
    producers including many in the EU and Japan. Japan alone has at least
    a dozen AD/CVD orders on steel products on the books and just last
    November, the International Trade Administration preliminarily
    determined that Japanese company Nippon Steel dumped hot-rolled steel
    products on the U.S. market by a margin of 29.03 percent during the
    period between October 1, 2022 and September 30, 2023. This is a
    substantial increase in the dumping margin from the previous level of
    1.39 percent is a worrisome trend that suggests the company continues
    to embrace anti-competitive trade practices that harm American
    steelworkers.

        Question 7. If confirmed, what actions will you direct Commerce
    Department officials to take action to enhance trade enforcement and
    thwart unfair trade antics, in order to ultimately strengthen and grow
    domestic manufacturing by American workers?
        Answer. I look forward to working with Congress to ensure the
    Department has the resources and tools it needs to strongly enforce our
    trade laws.
    Chinese Connected Vehicles
        The Commerce Department recently finalized rulemaking to restrict
    the import or sale of ``connected vehicle'' technology--as well as
    completed vehicles that contain the restricted hardware or software--
    from foreign adversaries. Today's modern vehicles are embedded with
    sensors, microphones, cameras, automated driving systems, and other
    potential access points for data collection and operational control
    that must not fall into the hands of China, Russia, or other
    adversaries. This rule is an important step towards protecting our
    national security from dual use military technologies of adversaries,
    but also our economic welfare as Chinese companies increasingly look
    for opportunities to penetrate our critical infrastructure markets and
    disrupt supply chains.
        I am concerned, however, that the rule was limited only to the
    passenger vehicle market--excluding commercial vehicles such as buses
    from the final scope even though Commerce itself noted that the
    national security risks are ``grave.'' While the rule is largely
    proactive in keeping Chinese passenger autos out of the U.S. market,
    the same cannot be said of commercial vehicles such as buses. These
    commercial vehicles produced by Chinese companies--such as BYD--are
    already operating throughout the United States as transit systems in
    major U.S. cities, moving passengers at major U.S. airports, moving
    cargo at our ports, and perhaps soon bringing our children to school or
    moving goods across our highways on trucks.

        Question 8. BIS states in its final rule that it intends to propose
    a new rule specifically tailored to the commercial vehicle sector. Mr.
    Lutnick, will you commit to prioritizing such rulemaking for commercial
    vehicles and continue to evaluate the necessity for similar
    restrictions on drones, vessels and maritime applications, and other
    applications where U.S. economic and national security are at risk?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will be sure to get briefed on this
    potential rule and take appropriate action.
    MBDA
        The Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) provides high
    quality, technical assistance to Minority Business Enterprises (MBEs)--
    including counseling and mentoring, assisting with access to capital,
    contracts and grants, and supporting job creation and retention. The
    funding provided supports small businesses and local communities across
    the country.

        Question 9. What are your priorities for MBDA?
        Answer. My priority for MBDA is for it to operate efficiently,
    effectively, and in compliance with the law.

        Question 10. Can minority owned small businesses count on your
    advocacy and support?
        Answer. Yes.
    NOAA
        Question 11. What can we expect from the Department regarding
    budget requests for NOAA?
        Answer. NOAA provides important and valuable services to the
    American people. The Department will seek to ensure that it continues
    to provide these services in an efficient and effective manner to live
    up to its mission.
                                     ______

      Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tammy Duckworth to
                                 Howard Lutnick
    Question Topic: Trade Policy
        Increasing the resiliency of our Nation's supply chain is crucial
    for both our economy and our national security. To do this, we need
    strong relationships with friendly partner countries. One of Commerce's
    primary regional agreements is the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for
    Prosperity--also known as IPEF. IPEF established the Agreement Relating
    to Supply Chain Resilience to work with member nations on critical
    economic sectors as well as identify risks in current supply chains.

        Question 1. If confirmed, what will you do to help foster strong
    relationships with friendly countries who can help make our supply
    chains more resilient?
        Answer. The Indo-Pacific is a critical region for our economic and
    national security. Upon confirmation, I will leverage the tools
    available to the Department to deepen ties with countries in the region
    that want to partner with us to promote mutual security and a level
    playing field.
    Question Topic: Economic National Security
        In 2023, CNN reported that parts made by more than a dozen U.S. and
    Western companies were found inside a single Iranian drone downed by
    Ukraine. If confirmed, you will oversee the Bureau of Industry and
    Security (BIS), whose export control mission is critical for our
    national security.

        Question 2. If confirmed, how will you ensure BIS is pursuing
    robust export controls to keep sensitive materials out of the hands of
    bad actors?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I plan to review the authorities and
    tools under BIS closely to ensure sensitive materials are kept out of
    the hands of bad actors.

        Question 3. Do you think BIS needs more resources from Congress?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to working with Congress
    to make sure BIS is properly resourced.
    Question Topic: Including People with Disabilities
        According to the International Finance Corporation, people with
    disabilities represent a global market bigger than China. This
    population consists of 1.85 billion people--with $1.9 trillion in
    annual disposable income. In the United States, more than 70 million
    people have a disability. That number is expected to increase as our
    aging population continues to grow. Ensuring these Americans can fully
    access--and help grow--our nation's economy will be critical to keep
    America competitive.

        Question 4. If confirmed, how will you ensure that Americans with
    disabilities will be able to fully access and contribute to our
    economy?
        Answer. Growing the U.S. economy is a distinct priority of mine.
    Upon confirmation, I will use all appropriate tools to grow the economy
    and to ensure that Americans with disabilities have access and
    contribute to its growth.
                                     ______

        Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Jacky Rosen to
                                 Howard Lutnick
    Topic: Tariffs on Homebuilding Materials
        There is an affordable housing crisis in Nevada and across the
    nation, and tariffs on homebuilding materials will only serve to
    increase housing costs. Since 2020, more than 80 percent of
    construction materials have gone up in price. Softwood lumber prices
    have been especially volatile, increasing approximately 35 percent in
    the last five years. While the U.S. does produce its own lumber, we
    cannot meet our own demand from domestic production alone. As the top
    exporter of lumber to the U.S., Canada serves as a critical partner in
    our efforts to increase housing supply by ensuring that we have a
    reliable source of lumber at a competitive price. President Trump's
    proposed tariffs are estimated to raise the already-high cost of
    construction materials by $3 billion to $4 billion, which would make
    homebuilding drastically more expensive and ultimately increase housing
    costs for homebuyers and renters.

        Question 1. If confirmed, do I have your commitment that any
    tariffs imposed by the Administration will be narrowly targeted so as
    to not negatively impact housing affordability?
        Answer. I understand President Donald J. Trump's America First
    Trade Policy Memorandum directs the Department and other agencies to
    study tariffs in a variety of contexts. I cannot speak to those efforts
    and, moreover, I should refrain from prejudging the results of that
    study or predict how President Trump may react to their findings.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Ben Ray Lujan to
                                 Howard Lutnick
        Question 1. Yes or no, do you commit to continuing to invest in
    domestic chip manufacturing through the CHIPS Act as authorized by
    Congress?
        Answer. Yes, I am committed to investing in domestic chip
    manufacturing and look forward to reviewing all the agreements and
    ensuring that they are structured to deliver the best results for the
    American people.

        Question 2. Yes or no, do you commit to supporting and working with
    our National Laboratories?
        Answer. Yes, where there is a programmatic need to for the
    Department to work with the DOE National Laboratories, it should do so.

        Question 3. If the Supreme Court rules that an order taken by the
    President is unlawful, will you refrain from carrying out that order?
    Please answer yes or no.
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will take an oath to defend the
    Constitution. I will abide by that oath.

        Question 4. Yes or no, if you are confirmed, will you commit to
    protecting the independence of the Department of Commerce Inspector
    General?

        a. Yes or no, will you commit to letting the Inspector General
    choose their investigations and audits?
        Answer. I commit to following the law and advancing the Inspector
    General's mission to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the
    Department's programs and operations and to detect and deter waste,
    fraud, and abuse.

        b. Yes or no, would you ever direct the Inspector General to
    investigate something or someone at the request of the White House?
        Answer. I commit to following the law and advancing the Inspector
    General's mission to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the
    Department's programs and operations and to detect and deter waste,
    fraud, and abuse.

        Question 5. The President may fire inspectors general. However, he
    must notify Congress 30 days in advance of such action. Last week,
    Trump fired the Department of Commerce Inspector General without
    providing the 30 days notice. Yes or no, did President Trump comply
    with the law when he terminated the Commerce Inspector General?
        Answer. I look forward to working with the new Inspector General
    upon confirmation.

        Question 6. Do you commit to allowing states to move forward with
    their current BEAD plans as approved by the NTIA without forcing them
    to adopt changes that would significantly slow down their process of
    getting shovels in the ground?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to analyzing the BEAD
    program, including states' plans, to ensure that all Americans are
    getting the benefit of the bargain, as Congress intended.

        Question 7. As you embark on the process of examining ways in which
    government spectrum can be shared to support commercial uses, will you
    commit to preserving and extending the principles that underpinned CBRS
    in expanding access to wireless spectrum in ways that incentivize
    greater innovation and competition?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will take a thoughtful, rigorous, and
    data-driven approach to spectrum management, taking into account
    national security, commercial applications, and the effects on the
    American taxpayer. I look forward to analyzing CBRS to determine the
    best ways to foster innovation and competition.
                                     ______

     Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. John Hickenlooper to
                                 Howard Lutnick
        Small Business: Key agencies in the Department of Commerce like the
    Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) and the Economic
    Development Administration have been directed by Congress to foster
    startup creation, support entrepreneurs and small businesses, and
    develop innovation hubs to increase regional growth. The Department
    also oversees trade compliance and exports of U.S. goods to markets
    overseas.

        Question 1. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, how will you ensure any new
    tariffs or revised trade actions do not harm America's ``Main Street''
    economy and how will you measure the success of economic development
    programs carried out by the Department of Commerce?
        Answer. I understand President Donald J. Trump's America First
    Trade Policy Memorandum directs the Department and other agencies to
    study tariffs in a variety of contexts. Although I cannot speak to
    those efforts, I will say that our goal will be to advance the cause of
    American workers and families and to put them in a better economic
    position than the one they have been subjected to for the last four
    years.

        Economic Development: The Economic Development Administration's
    (EDA) Good Jobs Challenge supports regional workforce training systems
    to establish sectoral partnerships that train and place workers in good
    jobs. The awardees funded by the Good Jobs Challenge expand
    opportunities across diverse populations, regions, and communities
    including paid on-the-job training opportunities.

        Question 2. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, how will you direct EDA to
    build upon these programs to support workforce training opportunities?
        Answer. I appreciate the valuable work that EDA has done to advance
    American job creation. As with all programs, I will review EDA programs
    closely to ensure that it is operating efficiently and effectively and
    providing American taxpayers with the benefit of the bargain.

        Artificial Intelligence and Data Centers: Artificial intelligence
    models require a large amount of data to be trained to generate
    summaries, create lifelike images, or analyze complex supply chains. AI
    is now driving a surge in demand for new data centers to support AI
    model training and cloud computing activities. As AI demand increases,
    so will the energy required to power data centers. We should continue
    attracting investment, establishing standards, and developing state of
    the art cooling technologies here in the U.S. to improve data center
    efficiency.

        Question 3. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, how will you work with
    Federal agencies, states, and industry partners to support responsible
    domestic data center growth?
        Answer. U.S. leadership on artificial intelligence is vitally
    important to our national and economic security. Data centers and the
    energy to power them are crucial to supporting this objective. Upon
    confirmation, I look forward to looking with you and your staff to
    identify the best ways to promote data center growth that benefits
    American workers and manufacturers.

        Artificial Intelligence & Standards: During your testimony, you
    emphasized your belief in standards as a foundation for promoting
    American innovation and augmenting the development lifecycle for AI
    applications. Standards development organizations are considering
    issuing a standard for the independent evaluation of AI models. These
    evaluations could either be performed internally from an independent
    unit of an AI developer organization or by a trustworthy third party.
    Independent evaluations of AI models can ensure AI applications made
    available to consumers and businesses protect sensitive data from being
    leaked and ensure the application performs as intended.

        Question 4. Mr. Lutnick, do you believe that voluntary and
    evidence-based standards that establish consistent methods for
    independent evaluations (either within an organization or by a third
    party) of AI models could be a valuable tool to help U.S. innovators
    maintain a competitive lead in AI?
        Answer. U.S. leadership on AI standards is vitally important to our
    national and economic security. Upon confirmation, I look forward to
    looking with you and your staff to identify the best ways to achieve
    this goal.

        Communications Supply Chain and Cybersecurity: Last Congress, we
    worked on a bipartisan basis to close the funding shortfall to a
    Federal Communications Commission program to remove dangerous Chinese
    equipment from communications networks. The Salt Typhoon attack showed
    how we need to do a better job securing our data and communications
    infrastructure.
        The CHIPS & Science Act prioritizes supply chain resiliency and the
    development of new Open Radio Access Network (Open-RAN) technology
    manufactured by trusted U.S. vendors.

        Question 5. Mr. Lutnick, in the wake of threats we have seen from
    Chinese attacks and insecure equipment made by Huawei, if confirmed,
    what is your plan to build and upgrade our communications networks with
    trusted and secure vendors?
        Answer. I am aware of the threat posed by Huawei and other
    companies associated with the Chinese Communist Party and People's
    Liberation Army. I look forward to working with the Administration and
    Congress to ensure that the programs and resources of the Department
    and our partners ensure that the United States is able to maintain a
    robust and trusted telecommunications infrastructure.

        Cybersecurity: During your nomination hearing, you used the
    cybersecurity standards and guidance developed by the National
    Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a model for how the
    Department of Commerce should approach Artificial Intelligence. In
    recent years, NIST has produced cybersecurity guidance for
    organizations of all sizes including the recently updated Cybersecurity
    Framework and associated resources. Even beyond the Department of
    Commerce, several U.S. Departments and Agencies coordinate, assert
    jurisdiction over, or enforce sector-specific rules, with respect to
    cybersecurity. As a result, small businesses struggle to allocate
    resources to understand and implement cyber defenses and many large
    companies with sufficient resources still find themselves vulnerable to
    preventable cyberattacks. These attacks can result in financial losses,
    service disruptions, legal consequences, and economic harm that
    directly impacts Americans.

        Question 6. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, what actions would you take,
    or recommend Congress to take, to amplify the impact of cybersecurity
    standards and guidance produced by the Department of Commerce to
    improve cyber resilience across the private sector?
        Answer. NIST's prior work on cybersecurity standards is the gold
    standard for the world. Upon confirmation, I will build on this work
    through the creation of AI standards, and I look forward to working
    with you and your staff to improve cyber resilience.

        Question 7. Will you commit to helping harmonize the application of
    cybersecurity rules, regulations, or guidelines across the Federal
    government where appropriate?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to working with you and
    your staff on this issue.

        Export Controls & Emerging Technologies: Global competition in key
    technologies has continued to increase in recent years. To protect
    sensitive U.S. technologies from adversaries, Presidents Trump and
    Biden have issued export controls to limit the sale of U.S.-made
    semiconductor, quantum, AI, and aerospace technologies to countries of
    concern. This month, the Department of Commerce updated export controls
    to promote access to U.S. innovations in AI among trusted allies while
    limiting the sale of advanced semiconductors to adversaries.

        Question 8. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, how would you carry out an
    export control strategy that balances safeguarding U.S. technologies
    with promoting American competitiveness globally?
        Answer. This is a central question moving forward, and I will
    commit to collect inputs from Congress, industry, and the public as we
    work to properly protect U.S. technology from exploitation by malign
    actors.

        Question 9. Which reforms do you believe Congress should provide
    the Department following the enactment of the Export Control Reform Act
    of 2018?
        Answer. President Trump's America First Trade Policy Memorandum
    directs the Department to study this issue. I should refrain from
    prejudging the results of that study, but I look forward to working
    with Congress to implement any proposals that result from it.

        Question 10. How will you work to increase interagency
    collaboration in the development of export controls and provide
    sufficient transparency for impacted U.S. companies?
        Answer. There is a robust interagency process around U.S. export
    controls, and I will work to ensure this process runs smoothly and with
    as much transparency as possible while still protecting privacy and
    national security.

        Question 11. In your view, what amount of additional personnel and
    appropriations would the Bureau of Industry and Security, including the
    Office of Information and Communications Technology Services (ICTS),
    need to succeed?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to closely reviewing the
    needs of the Department of Commerce, including BIS.

        Semiconductors & NSTC: Considering the ongoing importance of
    ensuring the U.S. is leading in both the design and manufacturing of
    semiconductor chips, it is essential the progress we have made via the
    CHIPS R&D Office and the National Semiconductor Technology Center
    (NSTC) continues.

        Question 12. Can you commit to ensuring continued funding at the
    levels that Congress appropriated and the Commerce Dept has awarded to
    date?
        Answer. I will efficiently and effectively execute on congressional
    funding that Congress appropriates to the Department.

        Question 13. Specifically, for the NSTC facilities in Arizona,
    California, and New York? What is your timeline?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to getting detailed
    briefings on those announced projects and the expected timelines.

        Question 14. How will you ensure different NSTC facilities
    established across the United States remain coordinated with each other
    within their program activities and those of the Department of
    Defense's Microelectronics Commons?
        Answer. The Department plays a critical role in driving American
    innovation, especially in areas of critical technology that are
    critical for our competition with China. From efforts at NIST to drive
    innovation AI, quantum science, semiconductors, and cybersecurity, to
    programs at BIS that help protect U.S. leadership in critical those
    same critical technology areas, I will ensure that the Department is
    well positioned to continue to drive U.S. innovation. I look forward to
    working with the Administration and Congress to that end.

        Outdoor Recreation: The Department of Commerce recently created an
    Office of Travel and Tourism. The Office has a dedicated mission to
    attract domestic and international visitors to landmarks across the
    country. Colorado has a rich and diverse outdoor recreation economy
    that spurs travel and tourism to communities across the state and
    contributes $14B to our GDP.

        Question 15. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, how would you ensure the
    enforcement of tariffs does not unduly harm the needs of the outdoor
    recreation sector and the Department of Commerce's tourism mission?
        Answer. President Donald J. Trump, through his America First Trade
    policy, will fight for American workers and businesses, including the
    U.S. travel and tourism industry. The President has made clear that
    tariffs are a crucial tool in making sure that America is no longer
    taken advantage of by our trading partners.

        Question 16. What is your general view on exemptions, which have
    precedent following prior tariffs, to avoid undue harm to small
    businesses including the outdoor recreation sector?
        Answer. I understand President Donald J. Trump's America First
    Trade Policy Memorandum directs the Department and other agencies to
    study tariffs in a variety of contexts. I cannot speak to those efforts
    and, moreover, I will refrain from prejudging the results of that
    study.
    Tariff Exceptions
        Under the last Trump Administration, many companies filed for
    exemptions from the application of tariffs issued under Section 301 of
    the Trade Act. The Trump Administration has stated its intent to apply
    tariffs in the near future on neighboring allies ahead of the USMCA
    review in 2026. There are U.S.-based companies with operations in the
    U.S. and Canada who are fearful they will have to pay tariffs on their
    own intra-company, essentially internal shipments of supplies,
    necessary to make their products.

        Question 17. How should new tariff policies account for intra-
    company shipments?
        Answer. I understand President Donald J. Trump's America First
    Trade Policy Memorandum directs the Department and other agencies to
    study tariffs in a variety of contexts. I will refrain from prejudging
    the results of that study.

        U.S. Mexico Canada Agreement Review: The Trump Administration
    entered into the U.S. Mexico Canada Agreement (USMCA) to reform the
    North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). USMCA requires a
    comprehensive review before the end of 2026 to evaluate trade
    compliance under the USMCA. Colorado's top three exports to Canada and
    Mexico include agricultural, machinery, and electronics products.
    Colorado also has a leading aerospace sector that contributes to our
    national security and space exploration missions.

        Question 18. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, how will the Department of
    Commerce help ensure all U.S. businesses have a level playing field as
    part of the upcoming USMCA review?
        Answer. One of the Department's core missions is to ensure fair
    treatment for U.S. businesses and an even playing field on the global
    stage. That will remain a priority.

        Question 19. Which sectors of the economy do you believe will
    benefit the most by the USMCA review?
        Answer. I will not prejudge the results of the coming review.

        Tariffs and Chips: The first Trump Administration imposed tariffs
    on Chinese goods such as motor vehicle parts. According to the U.S.
    International Trade Commission, the full burden of the tariffs were
    passed on to our own importers, rather than any of this cost being
    incurred by the Chinese exporters. The Trump Administration also
    imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum which increased prices and
    production costs in industries like car manufacturing and oil and gas.
    While the bipartisan CHIPS Act is growing manufacturing here in the
    U.S., the President stated he will be imposing tariffs on
    semiconductors from Taiwan.

        Question 20. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, will you ensure that the
    U.S. government honors its financial commitments under the CHIPS Act to
    companies who are ramping up their domestic manufacturing facilities?
        Answer. I will ensure that the American people get the benefit of
    the bargain, and that CHIPS Act money achieves its intended goal. I
    will take a rigorous approach to ensure that the agreements that the
    Department makes as part of the CHIPS act deliver for the American
    people.

        Question 21. What is your plan to offset rising costs for the raw
    materials we need for domestic manufacturing of semiconductors?
        Answer. Semiconductors represent a critical supply chain for the
    economic and national security of the United States. Upon my
    confirmation, the Department will be taking a whole of government
    approach as we seek to secure those supply chains.

        Broadband Workforce: Every American deserves access to high-speed
    broadband. Too many Coloradans and households across rural America lack
    access to any broadband service. While Congress has invested over $42
    billion to expand access to high-speed broadband, we need to make sure
    we have enough workers to build these important projects. Reports
    indicate we need roughly 30,000 more workers in the next five years to
    build Federal broadband projects we invested in.

        Question 22. Mr. Lutnick, what is your plan to ensure the U.S. has
    enough workers ready to put shovels in the ground to build the
    broadband networks of the future?
        Answer. The United States has the greatest workforce in the world.
    Upon confirmation, I will ensure that we have the workers to build out
    these broadband networks of the future. I will engage with all
    stakeholders to achieve a highly-trained broadband workforce that will
    help lead our country into the future.

        Natural Disaster Monitoring & NOAA: We have seen devastating
    wildfires rampage across the City of Los Angeles. In Colorado, we are
    all too familiar with natural disasters such as wildfires and drought.
    Today, every part of the United States is vulnerable to some form of a
    natural disaster. We need to continue pushing the limits of space-based
    Earth observation technologies, weather forecasting capabilities, and
    mitigation planning, thus fortifying our economy, national security,
    and individuals' safety.

        Question 23. Mr. Lutnick, if confirmed, how do you plan to expand
    NOAA's research efforts that enable better forecasts, give earlier
    warnings, and improve preparedness for natural disasters?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will seek to ensure that NOAA leads
    the world in providing the best forecasts, earliest warnings, and
    maintains optimal preparedness for national disasters to the benefit of
    the American people.

        Question 24. How do you plan to support NOAA and its University-
    based Cooperative Institutes to serve the Nation's needs in weather,
    oceans, and coasts?
        Answer. The Cooperative Institutes are key partners with NOAA in
    its mission to serve the American people.

        Question 25. Will you support necessary funding for NOAA's GeoXO
    program as well as next-generation Low Earth Orbit (LEO) weather and
    space weather satellite programs?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will ensure that there is funding for
    NOAA to continue to collect robust data from satellites to satisfy its
    mission to the American people.

        Spectrum: The National Telecommunications & Information
    Administration (NTIA) manages Federal agencies' use of spectrum used by
    Federal agencies to complete their missions. The Institute of
    Telecommunications Sciences is located in Boulder, CO and is the
    leading spectrum lab for the Department of Commerce. It is no secret
    that Congress and the Executive Branch have struggled to balance the
    commercial demands for spectrum with essential Federal agency missions.
    For example:

       In the auction for commercial licenses in the 24 GHz band,
            agencies such as NOAA and NASA, as well as scientists, raised
            concerns about potential electromagnetic interference impacting
            weather forecasting.

       In the auction for commercial licenses in the ``C-Band'',
            agencies such as the FAA and the airline industry raised
            concerns about potential interference impacting aviation safety
            technologies.

       In various Congressional, Interagency, and private sector
            conversations around a provision in the Bipartisan
            Infrastructure Law regarding the ``Lower 3 GHz'' band, concerns
            have been raised about any auction for commercial licenses
            causing potential interference impacting national security
            missions carried out by the Department of Defense.

        These proceedings saw disagreements arise over (1) the design,
    execution, and leadership of studies to evaluate the feasibility of
    sharing or reallocating spectrum and (2) the likelihood of spectrum
    interference to adjacent spectrum users.

        Question 26. If confirmed, how would you ensure the Department of
    Commerce executes a balanced spectrum management approach that fairly
    considers the equities of the Federal agencies it is responsible by
    statute for representing? Will you commit to allowing evidence-based
    and impartial studies to help guide spectrum policy decisions?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will take a thoughtful, rigorous, and
    data-driven approach to spectrum management, taking into account
    national security, commercial applications, and the effects on the
    American taxpayer.

        Spectrum Relocation Fund: Under the Spectrum Relocation Fund, an
    agency may only be reimbursed for a ``comparable capability'' in terms
    of costs to modify their systems following a spectrum reallocation or
    spectrum sharing action.

        Question 27. Do you believe this mechanism has been interpreted in
    a way that limits the ability of Federal agencies to modify and
    modernize their systems following a spectrum reallocation or sharing
    action? If yes, what impact would this have on the ability of Federal
    agencies from fulfilling their missions which require access to
    spectrum?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will review the Spectrum Relocation
    Fund to determine its impact on Federal agencies.
                                     ______

       Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. John Fetterman to
                                 Howard Lutnick
        Question 1. The Department of Commerce plays a key role in
    administering and enforcing our anti-dumping/counter vailing duty (AD/
    CVD) laws. These are tools that domestic industry uses to counter
    unfair trade practices that put American workers at a disadvantage on
    the international playing field. Despite these tools, China has built
    up a massive amount of overcapacity in sectors like steel and is
    flooding the market globally with dumped and subsidized steel. Chinese
    companies are also making massive investments in steelmaking capacity
    outside China through cross border subsidization, to evade payment of
    duties on from prior AD/CVD investigations. Do you agree that we need
    more tools to address schemes like these to protect critical domestic
    industries like iron and steel making? If so, what suggestions do you
    have for steps Commerce can take under existing statute to address
    unfair trade practices and what recommendations would you propose to
    Congress to ensure a level playing field for American workers and
    industry?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to studying the issue and
    working with Congress to make sure that the Department has the
    resources and tools it needs to strongly enforce our trade laws and
    address unfair trade practices by foreign actors.

        Question 2. I am closely monitoring the current outbreak of Highly
    Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) and the serious threat it poses to
    our Nation's public health, food production, and the way of life of
    farmers across the country. President Trump has threatened to levy
    tariffs as early as February 1, 2025 on Mexico and Canada, with other
    nations implicated in the near future. The President, yourself, and I
    share the same goals to reshore American manufacturing and reduce our
    dependence on China. However, I am concerned that disruptions in our
    supply chain from retaliatory tariffs or increased prices could
    negatively impact the ability of biomedical manufacturers currently
    operating in the United States to meet increased demand should this
    outbreak become something much worse. Are you committed to closely
    reviewing the impact that tariffs on medical equipment, vaccines,
    medications, and any components that are necessary to manufacture these
    aforementioned items, would have on the ability of U.S. manufacturers
    to meet demand if the current HPAI outbreak becomes more severe?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will do whatever is necessary to
    ensure the safety and prosperity of the American people.

        Question 3. It's essential that the new generation of American
    high-tech manufacturing being enabled by CHIPS Act funding creates
    quality jobs that can sustain Pennsylvania families and their
    communities. Strong labor protections, including the use of Project
    Labor Agreements (PLAs), are indispensable to getting that done. I was
    glad that the Department of Commerce recognized the importance of PLAs
    and other pro-worker tools and policies, like requiring the use of
    registered apprentices, to delivering these high-tech investments on
    time and within their budgets. If confirmed, will you commit to
    maintaining the Department's policies supporting the use of PLAs and
    strong labor protections for the Pennsylvania workers who are breaking
    their backs to build our future?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to reviewing all such
    agreements and ensuring that they are structured to deliver the best
    results for the American people.
                                     ______

    Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Lisa Blunt Rochester to

                                 Howard Lutnick
    Question Title: Broadband Access and Digital Skills
        The National Telecommunications and Information Administration
    (NTIA) administers the Broadband Equity Access and Deployment (BEAD)
    program and the Digital Equity Act. These laws increase access to
    broadband and help improve digital skills to underserved communities
    like seniors and veterans. Older Americans are particularly at risk of
    being scammed and defrauded. Digital skills can help prepare seniors to
    recognize and avoid online traps.

        Question 1. Do you think NTIA should continue to support digital
    skills training for older Americans?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to analyzing the BEAD
    program to ensure that all Americans, including older Americans, are
    getting the benefit of the bargain.

        Question 2. Do you think NTIA should support digital skills
    training for veterans, Americans in rural areas, and those who face
    substantial barriers to skills training?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to analyzing the BEAD
    program to ensure that all Americans, including veterans and rural
    Americans, are getting the benefit of the bargain.

        Question 3. What steps will you take as Secretary to promote
    digital literacy for seniors and other underserved communities?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I look forward to analyzing the BEAD
    program to ensure that all Americans, including seniors and other
    underserved communities, are getting the benefit of the bargain.

        Question 4. Do you think artificial intelligence literacy is a
    component of digital literacy?
        Answer. Understanding how artificial intelligence works and how it
    impacts the lives of all Americans is important to protecting U.S.
    national and economic security.

        Question 5. More than 50,000 Delaware households needed support to
    afford Internet access and benefited from the Affordable Connectivity
    Program, which lapsed in April 2024. Do you think affordable Internet
    access is essential to full participation in the modern economy?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will work to ensure that programs
    designed to make broadband more affordable address the problem
    effectively.

        Question 6. Do you think the Commerce Department, NTIA, and the
    Administration should prioritize making broadband more affordable for
    Americans?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will work to ensure that programs
    designed to make broadband more affordable address the problem
    effectively.

        Question 7. Delaware was the second state in the Nation to submit
    its BEAD plan, which has been approved. Delaware is on track to be the
    first fully connected state. Do you commit to honoring Delaware's
    approved BEAD plan and implement the law as written by Congress?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I plan to review BEAD funding closely,
    ensure thoughtful consideration is provided to all states, including
    Delaware, and implement the law to ensure efficient and effective
    outcomes for all Americans.
    Question Title: Advanced Manufacturing Competitiveness
        Question 8. Manufacturing is critical to our economic growth,
    national security, and general prosperity. Historically, the U.S. has
    led the world as an innovation and manufacturing powerhouse. However,
    that leadership is not guaranteed. Over the last several decades, our
    country has fallen behind in many ways compared to competitors around
    the world. The Manufacturing USA program administered by the Department
    of Commerce helps address this problem. As I mentioned in the hearing,
    one of those centers of excellence is located in my state--the National
    Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals (NIIMBL).
    Institutes like NIIMBL accelerate the development and adoption of
    innovative manufacturing technologies, develop new standards and best
    practices, create and train a manufacturing workforce, and help secure
    our economic security. What strategies would you employ as Secretary to
    support advanced manufacturing leadership?
        Answer. Bringing back all manufacturing to the United States,
    including advanced manufacturing, is a distinct priority of mine. Upon
    confirmation, I will use all appropriate tools available to me to
    accomplish this goal.

        Question 9. Do you believe that continued investment in bipartisan
    efforts like the Manufacturing USA program is important to ensure the
    U.S. competitiveness?
        Answer. Promoting U.S. manufacturing and competitiveness is a
    distinct priority of mine. Upon confirmation, I will use all
    appropriate tools available to me to accomplish this goal.

        Question 10. The Delaware Manufacturing Extension Partnership spurs
    innovation, investment, and opportunity for workers in my state.
    Project 2025 suggests privatizing the Hollings Manufacturing Extension
    Partnership. Do you agree with this proposal?
        Answer. I was not affiliated with Project 2025. I am not in a
    position to opine on any of its plans or materials.

        Question 11. Do you think the MEP program is valuable?
        Answer. I appreciate the valuable work that the MEP program has
    done to advance American manufacturing. As with all programs, I will
    review the MEP closely to ensure that it is operating efficiently and
    effectively to ensure that American taxpayers are getting the benefit
    of the bargain.
    Question Title: Women in Construction
        Question 12. The Million Women in Construction Initiative at the
    Department of Commerce aims to expand the American construction
    workforce by doubling the number of women in construction over the next
    decade. President Trump issued an Executive Order eliminating DEI
    programs. Do you consider the Women in Construction Initiative a DEI
    program?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will carefully examine all Department
    programs and the effect of President Donald J. Trump's Executive Order,
    titled ``Ending Radical and Wasteful Government DEI Programs and
    Preferencing'' on those programs.

        Question 13. Would you end Commerce's support for increasing the
    number of women in the construction industry?
        Answer. Upon confirmation, I will carefully examine all Department
    programs and the effect of President Donald J. Trump's Executive Order,
    titled ``Ending Radical and Wasteful Government DEI Programs and
    Preferencing'' on those programs.
    Question Title: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
        Question 14. You have shared that as a patent holder you have
    personal experience with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Are you
    aware of how President Trump's plan to end remote work for Federal
    workers could impact the USPTO?
        Answer. I am aware and I am excited by the benefits of the
    President's plan. I share his belief that in-person, on-site work
    improves collaboration, communication, and accountability. For those
    positions with critical skill sets and hard-to-fill vacancies, I will
    work with USPTO to evaluate remote work as a potential tool to be
    employed on a case-by-case basis to address unusual needs.

        Question 15. USPTO has used remote work as a business strategy
    since the 90s and 96 percent of the USPTO workforce is remote or has
    telework agreements. How would you suggest USPTO prevent massive
    disruptions if they must comply with President Trump's plan?
        Answer. I would not expect any disruptions. I share the President's
    belief that in-person, on-site work improves collaboration,
    communication, and accountability, and will be a net positive for every
    agency. For those positions with critical skill sets and hard-to-fill
    vacancies, I will work with USPTO to evaluate remote work as a
    potential tool to be employed on a case-by-case basis to address
    unusual needs.
    Question Title: NOAA's Independence
        Question 16. NOAA is a critical bureau at the Department of
    Commerce that is responsible for climate monitoring, coastal
    restoration, environmental satellite information, and other services
    that low-lying states and coastal communities like Delaware rely on. Do
    you commit to honoring the scientific integrity of NOAA's work?
        Answer. Having reliable, more accurate data will enable better
    policy and thus improve Americans' lives. Upon confirmation, I will
    support NOAA's scientific work and make sure the agency continues to
    follow the scientific method faithfully.

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