[Senate Hearing 119-155]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                                                        S. Hrg. 119-155

                 BREAKING BARRIERS: IMPROVING VETERANS'
                       MENTAL HEALTH IN LOUISIANA

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                             FIELD HEARING

                               BEFORE THE

                     COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS
                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                             FIRST SESSION

                               __________

                            AUGUST 14, 2025

                               __________

       Printed for the use of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs
       
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        Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.govinfo.gov
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                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
61-532 PDF                  WASHINGTON : 2025                  
          
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                 SENATE COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS

                     Jerry Moran, Kansas, Chairman
John Boozman, Arkansas               Richard Blumenthal, Connecticut, 
Bill Cassidy, Louisiana                  Ranking Member
Thom Tillis, North Carolina          Patty Murray, Washington
Dan Sullivan, Alaska                 Bernard Sanders, Vermont
Marsha Blackburn, Tennessee          Mazie K. Hirono, Hawaii
Kevin Cramer, North Dakota           Margaret Wood Hassan, New 
Tommy Tuberville, Alabama                Hampshire
Jim Banks, Indiana                   Angus S. King, Jr., Maine
Tim Sheehy, Montana                  Tammy Duckworth, Illinois
                                     Ruben Gallego, Arizona
                                     Elissa Slotkin, Michigan

                     David Shearman, Staff Director
                Tony McClain, Democratic Staff Director
                             
                             C O N T E N T S

                              ----------                              

                            August 14, 2025

                                                                   Page

                                SENATOR

The Honorable Bill Cassidy, U.S. Senator from Louisiana..........     1

                               WITNESSES
                                Panel I

Fernando O. Rivera, Director, Southeast Louisiana Healthcare 
  System and Network Director, VISN 16 (Interim), Veterans Health 
  Administration, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs accompanied 
  by Catina McClain, MD, Chief Mental Health Officer, VISN 16, 
  Veterans Health Administration; and Laurel Harlin, PhD, Chief, 
  Psychology Service, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care 
  System, Veterans Health Administration.........................     3

The Honorable Charlton Meginley, Secretary, Louisiana Department 
  of Veterans Affairs............................................     4

                                Panel II

Dr. Cheryl Magee-Baker, Director, Hope Center, Inc...............    15

Emily Meyers, LPC, Chief Executive Officer, Longbranch Recovery 
  and Wellness...................................................    16

Jackson Smith, JD, Executive Director, Bastion Community of 
  Resilience.....................................................    18

Kirk Long, Former Chief Executive Officer, Crescent City Surgical 
  Centre.........................................................    20

Paul Hermann, Executive Director, Disabled American Veterans, 
  Department of Louisiana........................................    21

                                APPENDIX
                          Prepared Statements

Fernando O. Rivera, Director, Southeast Louisiana Healthcare 
  System and Network Director, VISN 16 (Interim), Veterans Health 
  Administration.................................................    37

The Honorable Charlton Meginley, Secretary, Louisiana Department 
  of Veterans Affairs............................................    45

Dr. Cheryl Magee-Baker, Director, Hope Center, Inc...............    61

Emily Meyers, LPC, Chief Executive Officer, Longbranch Recovery 
  and Wellness...................................................    63

Jackson Smith, JD, Executive Director, Bastion Community of 
  Resilience.....................................................    66

Kirk Long, Former Chief Executive Officer, Crescent City Surgical 
  Centre.........................................................    68

Paul Hermann, Executive Director, Disabled American Veterans, 
  Department of Louisiana........................................    69

 
                 BREAKING BARRIERS: IMPROVING VETERANS'
                       MENTAL HEALTH IN LOUISIANA
                       
                               ----------                              


                       THURSDAY, AUGUST 14, 2025

                                       U.S. Senate,
                            Committee on Veterans' Affairs,
                                                    Washington, DC.
    This field hearing was held, pursuant to notice, on August 
14, 2025, at 9:11 a.m., in Lac Ponchartrain Room, 2nd Floor, 
Student Life Center, Delgado Community College-City Park 
Campus, New Orleans, LA, Hon. Bill Cassidy, presiding.

    Present: Senator Bill Cassidy

            OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. BILL CASSIDY,
                  U.S. SENATOR FROM LOUISIANA

    Senator Cassidy. Good morning, everybody. Thank you for 
being here. First, I have to apologize. I am dressed casually 
because I'm going on an alligator hunt----
    [Laughter.]
    Senator Cassidy [continuing]. With President Trump's 
Secretary of Labor. Now, wearing a tie on an alligator hunt is, 
shall we say, not the way to do it. So, I apologize for being 
so casual because I have multiple responsibilities today.
    But none of them is as important as this. This is actually 
a Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee hearing. This is something 
which will go into our record, and it is a chance for our 
veterans to communicate with me and with folks in the Veterans 
Administration upon issues important to us all. We're focusing 
today on mental health which we know is an issue.
    President Lincoln, in his second notable address spoke of--
well, I won't get it quite right, but we shall, we shall bind 
up the wounds of those who have served our country on the 
battlefield. But it's also the motto for the VA. Now, some of 
those words are unseen. And some of those wounds, nonetheless, 
even though unseen, affects somebody for their whole life. That 
is what we're addressing here today. And by the way, before I 
go further, I want to thank Delgado. Madam Chancellor, thank 
you very much.
    [Applause.]
    Senator Cassidy. There's different issues. Our State is a 
rural State. We're in New Orleans. If you're in New Orleans, if 
you're Jefferson Parish, you can come to this area and you can 
get your care. But what if you're in Allen Parish? What if 
you're in Jackson Parish? What if you are in Lafourche Parish? 
How are we going to get those services there as well? That's 
number one.
    Number two, we know that according to the Department of 
Defense, half of the overdose deaths in the military are 
related to fentanyl. So, that is a problem which afflicts all 
our society, not just veterans, and not just those in the 
Department of Defense. It afflicts us all. And so how do we 
address that?
    Now, I will say, and I'm very proud of this, President 
Trump just signed into law my bill, the HALT Fentanyl Act, 
which gives law enforcement one more tool by which to go after 
fentanyl. But that is something which continues to afflict our 
communities, and we're going to hear from the VA how they may 
specifically be addressing that.
    I would also like to point out that sometimes you need 
somebody from the outside looking in to help stimulate or get 
suggestions as to the reforms that are required. One piece of 
legislation that I have promoted is called the VetPAC. The 
VetPAC would be an independent board of the VA, which looks at 
the VA operations and make suggestions to Congress and to the 
VA how they can improve service.
    I say this because this hearing should be part of an 
overall bigger effort to address these concerns. And this is 
modeled after something which is done for Medicare, it's called 
MedPAC, and for Medicaid called MACPAC, in which independent 
agencies are making suggestions to improve Medicare and 
Medicaid.
    So, I'm hopeful that this hearing, that effort is part of, 
in partnership with the VA, improving the services that are 
delivered to those who have served our country. So, well, 
that's the goal.
    Now, today, we get to hear from folks who can answer 
questions. And our first panel, Fernando Rivera, who is the 
director of the Southeast Louisiana Healthcare System. And now, 
you have VISN 16?
    Mr. Rivera. Yes, sir. In an interim role.
    Senator Cassidy. Interim. Scott McDougall has left. And so, 
he's actually over the whole VISN, which includes not just New 
Orleans, but also Shreveport, and other areas as well.
    Mr. Rivera. Yes, sir.
    Senator Cassidy. Second will be--he's accompanied by Catina 
McClain. We've decided that we're related through an ancestor 
who died in a drunken brawl----
    [Laughter.]
    Senator Cassidy [continuing]. But that's another story--who 
is the chief mental health officer in VISN 16. And Laurel 
Harlin, who is the chief of psychology services at the 
Southeast Louisiana Veterans Healthcare System.
    And also, very much appreciate Hon. Charlton Meginley, who 
is the secretary of the Louisiana Department of Veterans Care. 
And we'll hear from each of them, and then we'll open it up.

                            PANEL I

                           ----------                              


STATEMENT OF FERNANDO O. RIVERA, DIRECTOR, SOUTHEAST LOUISIANA 
  HEALTHCARE SYSTEM AND NETWORK DIRECTOR, VISN 16 (INTERIM), 
  VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS 
AFFAIRS ACCOMPANIED BY CATINA MCCLAIN, MD, CHIEF MENTAL HEALTH 
 OFFICER, VISN 16, VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION; AND LAUREL 
  HARLIN, PHD, CHIEF, PSYCHOLOGY SERVICE, SOUTHEAST LOUISIANA 
  VETERANS HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION

    Mr. Rivera. Good morning, Senator Cassidy, and 
distinguished guests. Thank you for the opportunity to discuss 
the Department of Veterans Affairs efforts to support mental 
health and well-being of veterans in Louisiana, particularly in 
rural and underserved communities.
    My name is Fernando Rivera, I serve as the interim network 
director for Veterans Integrated Service Network 16, VISN 16. 
Joining me today are Dr. Catina McClain, mental health lead for 
VISN 16, and Dr. Laurel Harlin, chief psychologist of the 
Southeast Louisiana Veterans Healthcare System.
    Veterans in rural areas face unique challenges; long 
distances to care, limited provider availability, and social 
isolation. Across VISN 16, which spans large rural populations, 
we are committed to bridging these gaps, but we know that 
Louisiana Veterans face compounded challenges beyond PTSD, 
traumatic brain injury, and chronic illness.
    Severe weather events such as hurricanes, often displaced 
veterans from their homes, jobs and support systems, and rural 
parishes, access to mental health care is limited and suicide 
risk remains high. Despite these challenges, we're proud of the 
strong integrated care we deliver statewide. VA facilities in 
Shreveport, Pineville, and New Orleans have served Louisiana 
for over 95 years.
    Across our service area, nearly 5,800 VA employees provide 
care to over 151,000 veterans annually. Access remains a key 
concern, particularly for mental health, residential 
rehabilitation and treatment programs, or mental health RRTPs. 
These programs provide essential support to veterans with 
serious mental health and substance use conditions.
    Currently, there are only seven VA mental health RRTP beds 
in Louisiana, limiting timely access to this level of care. 
Within VISN 16, we've begun implementing centralized screening 
for our RRTPs. As a result, we've seen a nearly 6 percent 
increase in veterans admitted within 72 hours of a referral. 
And this year, and the President's fiscal year 2026 budget 
proposes a $1.5 billion investment to expand our RRTP capacity 
nationwide.
    We're also expanding virtual mental health services, such 
as VA Video Connect. Since the start of this fiscal year, 
Louisiana VA facilities have delivered nearly 10,000 virtual 
mental health visits. Many rural areas still lack broadband 
infrastructure, so we're committed to technology collaborations 
that enhance access to care regardless of the ZIP Code.
    To address transportation challenges, VA's Veterans 
Transportation Service helps ensure veterans can reach the care 
they need. In VISN 16, we're expanding access to community-
based outpatient clinics, and growing our network of more than 
1,800 mental health providers and VA's Community Care Network.
    The Veterans Community Care Program, or VCCP, enables 
eligible veterans to receive care for more than 1.4 million 
non-VA providers nationwide. This program is especially vital 
for those in rural Louisiana, providing high quality, timely 
care closer to home. We are proud of our community 
collaborations from local mental health providers and 
nonprofits, to educational institutions, and faith-based 
organizations.
    These collaborations expand our reach and build capacity. 
Initiatives such as the veteran community partnerships 
involving churches, shelters, and nonprofits help us to upgrade 
at risk veterans before crisis occurs, our collaboration with 
the Louisiana Department of Health, Louisiana Department of 
Veterans Affairs, and local providers, helps close the service 
gaps and align suicide prevention strategies essential to 
executing Secretary Collins's vision for a unified veteran care 
across the Federal, the State, and community levels.
    Senator Cassidy, thank you for the opportunity to speak 
today. Sir, we remain steadfast in our commitment to reaching 
and serving every veteran in Louisiana. And with your support, 
sir, we will continue delivering the care our veterans have 
earned.

    [The prepared statement of Mr. Rivera appears on page 37 of 
the Appendix.]

    Senator Cassidy. Thank you. Secretary Meginley.

   STATEMENT OF HON. CHARLTON MEGINLEY, SECRETARY, LOUISIANA 
                 DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS

    Mr. Meginley. Senator Cassidy, I want to thank you, 
Chairman Moran, the Ranking Member, for holding this hearing 
today. On behalf of Governor Landry and Louisiana Department of 
Veterans Affairs, I'm very proud to affirm our state's 
unwavering commitment to serving our Louisiana veterans. I 
think as most people know, we are very passionate about doing 
this and veterans first. This is our job.
    During my 19 months in this position, I'll tell you there's 
two numbers that have weigh very heavily on my mind. The number 
17.5 and 150,000. 17.5 represents the estimated number of 
veterans who die by suicide each day, and the 150,000, is the 
estimated number of veterans who have died by suicide since 
2001. And that's an estimate. I think the number actually just 
sit a bit higher.
    Senator Cassidy, given the billions of taxpayer dollars 
that have been spent on veteran mental healthcare for the last 
few years, these numbers are not just unacceptable, they're 
unfathomable. The mental health of our veterans should not be 
simply a top priority, it must be the priority.
    Nationwide, about 25 percent of veterans struggle with 
mental health issues, but Louisiana, that figure may be as high 
as 50 percent. The demands for services is increasing with 40 
percent of all VA appointments now addressing mental health. We 
must act now to close any gaps in care and ensure that our 
veterans receive the support they have earned.
    As you'll see from our written testimony, the LDVA operates 
within two key environments, which we may encounter veterans 
with mental health issues, those veterans who are in our homes, 
and of course the veterans within the community. Our veteran 
homes face a critical and pervasive challenge with mental 
health disorders affecting a staggering 78 percent of our 
residents.
    With 493 out of 632 individuals diagnosed with at least one 
condition, more than half of these residents grapple with 
multiple mental health disorders and diagnosis, compounding the 
complexity of their care. Furthermore, 435 residents, about 69 
percent, rely on antipsychotic or psychotropic medications to 
manage their conditions.
    Unfortunately, on too many occasions, we've had to deny 
admission to veterans with certain mental or behavioral health 
issues because we simply don't have the means to adequately 
take care of them or manage their needs. Over the last 2 years, 
72 percent of our admission denials were due to mental and 
behavioral health issues.
    These findings highlight wider challenges in the VA system. 
Some of the frequent comments that we receive from veterans 
around the State regarding VA services include; insufficient 
training in hospitals and clinics, community care coordination 
failures, long wait times, especially for psychiatric 
appointments. And most concerning that we hear that's often is 
the over-reliance on mental health-related medications without 
sufficient follow-up.
    Senator Cassidy, with this said, I firmly believe that if 
you want to address the mental health needs of our veterans, 
you have to address the root causes. Why are so many veterans 
distressed? Underlying factors include exposure to combat 
trauma, PTSD and TBI, the stress of separation from family and 
support systems, difficulties transitioning to civilian life 
such as adjusting to new roles and isolation, legal issues, and 
co-occurring issues like substance use disorders, anxiety, and 
depression, exasperated by military demands. And of course, the 
experiences that some may have had with sexual assault or 
training accidents.
    These causes are compounded in Louisiana by geographic 
isolation, rural poverty, and limited access to services. With 
respect to our 263,000-veteran community as a whole, we know 
that our Federal VA partners can't prevent suicide and address 
the mental health issues that veterans face by themselves.
    Fortunately, they don't have to. There are an estimated 
45,000 non-profit organizations nationwide that have stepped up 
to help veterans. In our written testimony, we've written we've 
highlighted just a few of these organizations that have made 
life and death differences in the lives of veterans.
    There is one partner that I want to specifically 
acknowledge, and that is the University of Louisiana at 
Lafayette. An R1 institution, ULL is in the process of 
preparing a report that will undoubtedly shed some light on the 
extent of Louisiana's mental health crisis within its veteran 
community.
    Preliminary findings from the survey are deeply concerning. 
While the national average for PTSD amongst veterans is 11 to 
20 percent, our survey preliminarily is showing that that rate 
could be around 45 percent for Louisiana's veterans. Similarly, 
depression and anxiety rates are more than doubled than the 
national average according to, again, the preliminary results 
of the survey.
    Factors include; geographic isolation, with 42 percent 
living more than an hour away from a VA clinic, transportation 
gaps, rural poverty, food insecurity, nation and neighborhood 
safety concerns. Many are Vietnam-era veterans with complex 
medical and mental health needs. Others are younger veterans 
dealing with combat trauma, TBI, and challenges transitioning 
to civilian life.
    We plan to work with our ULL partners to conduct post-
survey-focused discussion groups across the State to better 
understand the findings. I have probably a little bit more to 
go, but if you need me to stop, I will.

    [The prepared statement of Mr. Meginley appears on page 45 
of the Appendix.]

    Senator Cassidy. I see the time expired over there. And so, 
we'll allow you to develop some of that and go through the 
discussion.
    Mr. Meginley. Fair enough, sir.
    Senator Cassidy. Okay. Thank you. Thank y'all for that. 
Fernando, if I'm asking some of the folks out there, they're 
going to say you got a lot of turnover in your healthcare 
staff, and particularly in mental health. When I see the stats, 
I'll see in Washington, they'll tell us, oh, we've hired this 
many people, which it's a lot of people, but that tells me as 
well that you're filling a lot of positions and there's a 
little bit of a flow through.
    So, I think one of the concerns would be why so much 
turnover and what can be done to limit the turnover as a 
physician. I know the therapeutic relationship is something 
which has to be developed, and if it's changing on a regular 
basis, that's difficult. What can you inform people?
    Mr. Rivera. Well, thank you for that question, Senator 
Cassidy, as usual, extremely insightful, and open for quite a 
bit of discussion. We've always balanced, in the VA, the 
opportunity of serving and providing healthcare services to 
veterans. And then also, preparing and educating the future 
providers of those healthcare services.
    At the VA here in New Orleans, we have a huge education 
mission. We're privileged to be one of only 15 VA hospitals 
across the country that's co-located with more than one medical 
school, and as a result, we're able to draw specialty care 
providers. We're able to associate Louisiana future providers 
who are enrolled in this freshman class at your alma mater, and 
encourage them to stay to learn about veterans.
    70 percent of the doctors that graduate from a United 
States medical school rotate through a VA hospital for some of 
their training. This year, over 2,300 trainees in associated 
health programs and programs related to nursing, dental care, 
pharmaceutical care, and the like, psychologists of course. And 
in that sense, we we're finding that roughly about 50 percent 
of the staff of the students tend to stay in the State. They 
tend to go back to the communities that they serve.
    Senator Cassidy. I get that. But I think that the issue is 
that people feel like the doctor that they're seeing, the 
psychologists whom they are seeing, the nurse, et cetera, is 
different on a--there's a turnover there. And I accept that 
some of them may be resident physicians, and that's true. But 
there also seems to be a turnover in terms of the psychiatrist, 
for example.
    Is there a root cause of that, and is there something that 
can be done to change that? Because as we spoke, you have a 
therapeutic relationship, and all of a sudden, somebody is 
gone.
    Mr. Rivera. Yes, sir. There's a shortage. We can't get 
around the fact that the predictions are roughly 100,000 
physicians nationwide, 200,000 registered nurses nationwide in 
our State. We don't have an overabundance of mental health 
providers.
    Senator Cassidy. Now, let me ask you, because one thing 
that's been done for optometrists, for example, is that if 
there is a sudden opening, an optometrist scheduled, there is a 
program that will take somebody who needs an eye examination 
and they will do it by internet. And they may be talking to 
someone in Wisconsin, even though they live in Jackson Parish. 
And it fills in that gap.
    So, knowing that some cities have an overabundance of 
psychiatric support and others not so much, and the rural 
areas, not at all. Is the VA, or is our VA, embarking on any 
sort of virtual scheduling and other visits that will allow 
their sudden opening to be filled with somebody who needs acute 
care here?
    Mr. Rivera. Absolutely. And our telehealth program 
continues to grow in the mental health division. It has grown 
more than probably in other areas. We experience using 
telehealth to stay connected and maintain continuity of care.
    Almost every year with hurricane seasons, our mental health 
providers will work from home. We will work with other mental 
health providers at other sites. I'm going to ask Dr. McClain 
to talk a little bit about our clinical contact centers because 
that is one of the real opportunities that we have not only to 
support VA hospitals that may be serving rural communities, but 
to support them through periods where they may have had staff 
turnover where we may have only had one or two psychiatrists 
and one has taken ill, another one has relocated because their 
spouse now works somewhere else. So, Dr. McClain.
    Dr. McClain. Thank you, Mr. Rivera. And thank you, Senator, 
for the question. We are very fortunate in VISN 16 that we do 
have a clinical contact center where veterans can call and make 
same day linkages with mental health providers. May not be 
their provider, though.
    And so, we also have a clinical resource hub. If a provider 
is ill, a provider retires, leaves VA for whatever reason, 
we're able to assign one of our virtual psychiatrists to pick 
up the care of that veteran and fill that gap until another 
permanent psychiatrist can be hired by the local facility.
    Other steps that we've taken to try to reduce turnover 
include the establishment of a virtual on-call telepsychiatry 
program within the VISN. We were hearing anecdotes from some of 
our departing psychiatrists that they were taking positions in 
where the on-call burden was less than in VA. And so, while 
we've not eliminated on-call responsibilities, we have been 
able to alleviate some of the burden of that for our psychiatry 
staff.
    Also, VA has taken steps to adjust the physician pay 
scales. For example, VA has done special salary surveys for our 
psychologists. So, lots of things underway to try to reduce 
that turnover.
    Senator Cassidy. So, there could be a systems issue, but 
y'all attempting to address it?
    Mr. Rivera. Yes, sir. And there is an opportunity to 
incentivize future providers to stay in Louisiana and return to 
the communities where they serve.
    Senator Cassidy. And you also mentioned, and I would be 
interested, I'm not sure everybody kind of caught this, but I 
think I got it. The mental health residential and 
rehabilitation treatment program, did you say there's 7 or 17 
beds?
    Mr. Rivera. Seven.
    Senator Cassidy. Seven. And describe for people like what 
that actually means, because when Charlton is saying he's got a 
limited ability to take care of people with severe psychosis, 
and I'm presuming that veteran might get a referral to you and 
this sounds like a wraparound service. Describe what these beds 
are please.
    Dr. McClain. So, residential rehabilitation beds are 
established where we can give evidence-based therapies in a 
more concentrated manner that can be achieved on an outpatient 
basis. The RRTP beds are in layman's terms, I suppose, sort of 
the in between outpatient, full outpatient care and acute 
inpatient care.
    Services include: substance use treatment, general homeless 
domiciliary programs, PTSD, residential care. Veterans in these 
programs receive intensive services, evidence-based therapies, 
state-of-the-art psychopharmacology, if indicated. And then, it 
helps them to transition to that more stable condition where 
they're able to manage successfully on an outpatient basis.
    Senator Cassidy. So, wraparound services that restore 
somebody to wholeness, but it's a more intense environment than 
just the outpatient. So, there's only seven beds. What is the 
waiting list for entry into these drugs?
    Dr. McClain. The number of veterans, I don't have the exact 
number of veterans. One of the things that we have done across 
the VISN is to try to leverage our RRTP resources to serve 
Louisiana veterans. Given the low number of RRTP beds 
available, we have established single screening so that if a 
veteran is screened in Louisiana, that is good enough for 
Mississippi or Arkansas, for example, to accept that veteran 
into a residential program there.
    We're also leveraging our community partners. We've 
outsourced a number of veterans this year, about 313 referrals, 
to our community partners for residential care. Our wait time 
has improved. We are shifting that curve to the left so that 
more of our veterans are getting into our RRTP care within 72 
hours of the referral, about a 6 percent improvement over 
fiscal year 2024 for that group. Another 6 percent improvement 
in the number getting in within four to seven days. So, we've 
had about a 12 percent increase in the number of veterans 
accessing that level of care within a week of referral.
    Senator Cassidy. That's great. So, I'm very happy about 
that. By the way, I'm not blaming you if there's a shortage. 
It's up to Congress to kind of, I'm learning from you, redirect 
resources to expand those number of beds.
    Dr. McClain. Yes.
    Senator Cassidy. So, Charlton, your testimony didn't go 
there, but we know that mental health is oftentimes tied to 
transition to the community, is tied to getting a good job that 
makes you feel good about yourself. I once heard a testimonial 
from a Marine who had been in Fallujah. He came back, and he 
tried to commit suicide. And he said over there I was part of a 
unit, and I was a Marine. And here, I was, you know, whatever 
it was, wasn't fulfilling to him.
    And so, there was that transition of all the things that 
are implied in that. What can your agency do, and how do you 
manage that? And how do you work with the VA Federal?
    Mr. Meginley. Well, that's a great question, Senator 
Cassidy. I've only been retired from the military for a little 
over two and a half years, so I think a lot of folks even still 
consider me to be a transitioning vet. And so, the first thing 
that comes to my mind when I was thinking about when I hit the 
retirement button was, ``What am I going to do with myself?'' 
You know, ``Where am I going to work?''
    Well, in Louisiana, we have two incredible partners that 
actually get to the core root of what you're talking about 
right now. One of them is a program called The Boot, and one of 
them is Next Op. And their entire mission, both of them, is to 
put the transitioning service member to work. So, they have 
forged relationships with various companies and entities.
    They've gone in the house, said, ``We've got a ready-made 
employee ready for you. They're trained, they're disciplined, 
and they may not have the skills that you're looking for, but 
we know that you can train them because they've already been 
trained.'' And they help kind of ease that transition to get to 
that point where that individual is put to work, getting a good 
paying job, and can kind of start moving away from their 
military time back to transition into the civilian world.
    And so, both The Boot and the NextOp, again, they've been 
incredible partners, and this is their sole mission. This has 
been a focus of ours since we came in; is what do we do for 
that young 22-year-old soldier who wants to say, ``I really 
like it here in Louisiana, but there's no jobs.'' We're telling 
them, ``No, there actually are plenty of jobs here. We're going 
to help you find one.''
    Senator Cassidy. And implicit in that, is that if you can 
get them plugged into a job, they're more likely to find 
community and they're more likely to be mentally whole----
    Mr. Meginley. That's correct.
    Senator Cassidy [continuing]. Because you don't have the 
vacuum left from that camaraderie, from being in the service.
    Mr. Meginley. That's right. And those of us who were in for 
extended periods of time will tell you, when you're in the 
military, there is a certain process. There is a certain code 
of discipline, essentially. There is a certain way of acting. 
And when you get into civilian world, it's not like that.
    Oftentimes, the discipline and the structure that you had 
oftentimes does not exist. And so, you expect more of your 
civilian counterparts. Oftentimes, that doesn't come. And so, 
these programs help kind of ease our service members back into 
what real life is.
    Senator Cassidy. Now, there's lots of folks here from 
veterans service organizations, and thank y'all for being here. 
Now, as it turns out, we know a lot of veterans will never 
knock on your door, on his door, on my door, but they will show 
up and play pool with somebody in a VSO.
    Can you tell us how you can work with those organizations? 
So, if someone sees a buddy who's having a problem, he can say, 
or she can say, listen, ``We know where to direct you.'' How do 
you disseminate your information to them? You see where I'm 
going with that?
    Mr. Meginley. So, I'll tell you the State gave us a car, 
and we've put over 30,000 miles on it in the last 11 months. 
All we do is travel. We go into the VFWs, we go into the 
Legions, we go into DAV, and we're talking to the veterans who 
feel like no one's listening to them. You can't live behind a 
desk in Baton Rouge. And I think myself and my deputy, you 
know, at least once or twice a week, we're out there talking to 
the veterans and trying to understand what their issues are.
    But I'll tell you something else. There's a really 
important component to this, and that is the gentleman sitting 
down here at the end, and then Mr. Crockett's in here, Mr. 
Dante's in here, the VAMC directors, anytime I call them with a 
veteran issue, they respond. And sometimes it's just a matter 
of making the phone call to them because the veteran doesn't 
know how to get to them.
    You know, one of the complaints that I get about the VA is 
phones. If someone would just answer the phone, most of the 
time the issue gets resolved. Okay? I will leave that up to the 
VA to determine and how to figure that out. But once that 
veteran calls me, and I get them to the right person, most of 
the time the issue is taken care of.
    So, the VSOs, it's important for everyone to know this. I 
can't do my job without the VSOs. I don't have a State budget 
for mental health. But for me to get the VSOs to trust me and 
to trust our team, we have to go to them. And that's what we've 
been doing. And it's not just the Legion, it's not just the 
DAV, it's also the other partners, the 501(c)(3) partners that 
we have, the folks who are dealing with homelessness, the other 
ones who are dealing with mental health care. And it's forging 
those bonds, those partnerships, that allow them to kind of 
pick up where the VA may not understand or be able to capture 
those issues.
    I'll give you one example. There's an organization called 
Objective Zero. They have an app that deals strictly with 
mental health for veterans, and the veteran has a live person 
to talk to. They may not want to go to the VA, but they have a 
resource right then and there that they need to talk to someone 
and chat with someone. It's there.
    Supporting those types of partnerships and those types of 
entities who are getting in the mix, really at the grassroots 
level, is really important for the VA and Congress to start to 
understand and to fund, in my opinion.
    Senator Cassidy. So, the audience is here. They are 
motivated. They are here because they care about veterans' 
issues. So, ask first, you, then Fernando, or your staff. If 
somebody is needing services from the VA because of 
homelessness, or because of job transition, or because of 
mental health issues, fill in the blank. And one of the folks 
in this room can finally tell me how that would work. Just lay 
it out for--give a do this, do this, do this, for if the person 
lives in an urban area, like say Jefferson Parish or a suburban 
area like St. Tammany, or if they live in a rural area. So, 
chop, chop, chop, tell them what they should do.
    Mr. Meginley. From the DVA point of view, we have 74 
counselors spread out throughout the entire State. So, if 
there's a veteran who's having an issue, they've got a parish 
counselor right then and there. Oftentimes that phone call is 
made----
    Senator Cassidy. How do they reach that? Is it on the 
internet? How do they know where to find that person?
    Mr. Meginley. So, our website is brand new. We just 
completely renovated it. It's updated. All you got to go to the 
website. Phone numbers are there for every VAC office.
    Senator Cassidy. Give them the website.
    Mr. Meginley. vetaffairs.la.gov
    Senator Cassidy. Veterans?
    Mr. Meginley. vetaffairs.la.gov
    Senator Cassidy. La.Gov?
    Mr. Meginley. Yes, sir. And so, you go to the website, it 
has the phone number and it has the contact information for 
that local veteran affairs office. And so if that individual, 
that veteran calls one of our guys and lets us know, we can get 
them to the proper local authorities if we need to or get them 
to the big VA if that's necessary.
    Senator Cassidy. I'm in Cameron Parish. I can go to 
vetaffairs.la.gov, I'll find the local person in Cameron Parish 
who I can call. Maybe they come visit, and they can intervene, 
and they can be a navigator for this person to reach your 
services through you or through Federal VA?
    Mr. Meginley. That's correct. And then at the campuses, we 
have 32 college campus navigators. So, if there's a college 
student who's having some sort of distress, a veteran college 
student, we have campus directors, campus navigators who are 
there to help our college students as well.
    Senator Cassidy. So, Fernando, how would you build upon 
that?
    Mr. Rivera. The average piece, sir is very much about 
seeing the fabric, the veteran family, across the Louisiana 
Department of Veterans Affairs, the Federal Veterans Affairs, 
the veteran service organizations, spiritual leaders in our 
communities. So, our outreach programs are designed to connect 
at all of those levels, to not only be partners in outreach 
activities, but to have our own outreach activities.
    Our facilities and clinics so far this year have conducted 
nearly 3,000 outreach visits. Whether those outreach visits are 
being conducted on a daily basis by a team of homeless veteran 
outreach providers, social workers primarily who are going out 
every day to shelters, verifying whether there are any veterans 
there, making sure those veterans are connected to a program.
    Senator Cassidy. So the VA sends people to shelters on a 
daily basis looking for veterans who are homeless?
    Mr. Rivera. That's correct, and we are in that level of 
communication. We work closely with the student veteran 
associations at the universities as well. We stay connected.
    My personal practice for 20 years now is to give every 
veteran that I have the privilege to serve my cell phone 
number, my email address. And often, I get phone calls. Every 
one of these individuals who know me have my cell phone number. 
They know how to find me. We view this concept of expanding our 
outreach program and developing it even further as critical.
    When we're talking specifically about high-risk mental 
health patients being able to make that connection, whether 
it's because we have inclement weather coming and we need to 
know where our patients who are at risk for suicide are, and 
how we can stay connected with them so that there is continuity 
of care, whether we're talking about a veteran who is homeless, 
who is also having mental health illness. How do we connect 
them to those services?
    This piece is very much a community piece. We all have skin 
in this game. We all have to know and be better at recognizing 
veterans in distress, understanding how to help that veteran, 
whether that veteran is sitting next to you in church, or he's 
in front of you at the Walmart, or he is next to you in a 
clinic.
    Senator Cassidy. Okay. So, hang on. I was not aware of 
this. Do y'all actively go out to pastors, priests, to rabbis, 
to Imans, you name it, and say, listen, here's our phone 
number, sir.
    Mr. Rivera. Yes, sir. We hold mental health stand downs. We 
invite spiritual leaders and other key stakeholders.
    Senator Cassidy. Now, what is the participation. To what 
degree does everybody who attends such an organization--I'm in 
the church. Do I need to knock on the door of my pastor and 
say, ``Pastor Kevin, are you aware of this? And if so, are you 
making a referral?'' So, how much uptake do you have from the 
faith-based community to be your liaison?
    Mr. Rivera. The short answer, sir, is not enough. When 
we're talking specifically about suicide, statistics are 
showing that 60 percent of that 17 are not enrolled in the VA. 
And they may be very well entitled to receive mental health 
care in the VA. So, reaching to that 60 percent that isn't even 
connected to the VA healthcare system is critical.
    Senator Cassidy. So, one thing everybody in this room can 
do, if they're based in any sort of civic organization, whether 
it's faith-based, Rotary, is the leadership of that node. If 
there is in our community someone who needs help, what number 
would they call? I mean, what is the specific point of entry 
into the services required?
    Mr. Rivera. The 24/7 service is the Veterans Crisis Line, 
which I, myself, called on behalf of a veteran two nights ago. 
And VA was able to provide care for that veteran. And then 
there's the medical center number. There are the community-
based, our clinic numbers that can be reached.
    Senator Cassidy. So, the Veterans Crisis Line?
    Senator Cassidy. Yes, sir.
    Senator Cassidy. What is that phone number?
    Senator Cassidy. 988
    Senator Cassidy. 988. Okay. And that seems like something 
which like--well, let me ask you, Charlton, after speaking of 
that, people download, what's the name of that app?
    Mr. Meginley. Objective Zero.
    Senator Cassidy. Objective Zero.
    Mr. Meginley. The objective being no suicides
    Senator Cassidy. And I presume it could also link there. 
Correct?
    Mr. Meginley. They do have contact information for the 
Veterans Crisis Line.
    Senator Cassidy. By the way, going back to the job 
transition programs and the job training programs, do y'all 
also connect veterans with those programs?
    Mr. Rivera. We do, and we work with NextOp in our outreach. 
When we do outreach out of our facilities, it's usually a 
multi-professional team. We will have mental health providers 
on that team, but we'll also have human resources staff who can 
teach veterans about employment, how to seek employment, not 
just within the VA or the Federal Government, but other 
opportunities.
    Senator Cassidy. Now, again, if somebody wants to access 
those services, because a good job is good for somebody's 
mental health. And if you can look at the so-called deaths from 
despair, they're concentrated among men, principally men, but 
also women, who feel like the economy has left them behind.
    And by the way, I asked one of the previous VA secretaries 
if some of the suicide in the VA was just representative of 
this broader societal phenomenon. He said he thinks so. And so, 
it's an influence back and forth.
    So, if somebody wants those job training resources, and 
we're all listening, and people who are watching by other means 
are listening, so I'm asking to speak to them as well. I'm 
trying to transition out, I want a better job. I think their 
job training programs out there, and I don't think to call the 
State, I want to call the VA, what number would they use? How 
do they reach?
    Mr. Rivera. They would call the medical center's number, 
sir, and each medical center has its own number, and request 
assistance.
    Senator Cassidy. And so I can call and say, I would like 
information on job training. I'm a veteran. I'm eligible for 
benefits. Where do I call next?
    Mr. Rivera. They would be able to refer to either our human 
resources department that would be able to refer to our 
veterans' experience officers and all of them would be able to 
make that connection.
    Mr. Meginley. I think it's important though, for veterans 
to know the VA's website as well. The website has tremendous 
amounts of information.
    Senator Cassidy. Va.Gov?
    Mr. Meginley. Yes, sir. And when I was in my process of 
getting out, I spent almost a day just going through the VA's 
website seeing, ``Okay, what may I qualify? How am I going to 
start preparing for my exit out?'' And I learned so many things 
the VA was doing I had no clue.
    And so just sitting there and going through everything, as 
I would've expected, especially with training and education 
opportunities once I was done and how to use my GI bill, the 
best way possible for my kids.
    So, that's my biggest encouragement for any veteran. Go 
spend some time on the VA website. You will learn a tremendous 
amount about the veteran benefits. There's a benefit not too 
long ago that I learned, I didn't even know about. One of my 
counselors said, ``oh, did you know about this?'' I'm like, 
``no.'' And it was just like, ``yes, here it is.'' I'm like, 
``wow, that's amazing.''
    Senator Cassidy. Yes. By the way, I was once explained, 
again, in fairness to the VA and the DoD, I asked if they 
walked through the process of somebody leaving from Fort Polk 
and how would they transition out? And they said, we have a 
whole day in which we tell them everything. I'm thinking, yes, 
but you're 26 years old, you're super excited. You want to 
move. And you're sitting there thinking----
    Mr. Meginley. You might strike a nerve on this one. For 
those of us who have walked out in recent times, I had a TAP, 
it was 5 days. The one thing that I was told, if you listen to 
nothing else, Friday, 9 o'clock, VA briefing was the most 
important thing. And I was lucky enough, I did pay attention, 
it helped me out a lot.
    But TAP is shotgunned at you and you're just sitting there 
saying, ``I don't understand a lot of what you're talking 
about.'' And you're getting it within 6 months of walking out 
of the service. You're just worried about getting a job. That's 
what I want to know. How are you going to put me to work when 
I'm walking out, right? If I have medical benefits, how am I 
going to access those when I walk out?
    And so, to me, the TAP program does need to have some 
reformation done to it. Not just the shotgun approach, ``Hey, 
here's some tools, good luck,'' because that's what I think a 
lot of service members, and now veterans, will tell you that's 
what they got out of the program. Was, ``Here's some stuff. 
Thanks for serving. Good luck.''
    Senator Cassidy. So, I just got a note. I'm supposed to 
wrap up this panel and go to the next, thank y'all very much.
    Mr. Meginley. Yes, sir.
    [Applause.]
    Senator Cassidy. Okay. Thank y'all for being here. In the 
second panel, we're going to have veterans and leaders of the 
community that have been doing outstanding work regarding 
mental health on behalf of our veterans such as community care 
provider, providing state-of-the-art clinical care for 
veterans, faith-based homelessness center.
    And I'll just let them introduce themselves. And so again, 
I thank you for being here, and thank you for contributing to 
this dialogue. Ms. Magee-Baker, please introduce yourself, and 
please make your remarks.

                            PANEL II

                          ----------                              


         STATEMENT OF DR. CHERYL MAGEE-BAKER, DIRECTOR,
                       HOPE CENTER, INC.

    Dr. Magee-Baker. Good morning. I am Dr. Cheryl Magee-Baker, 
the director of the Hope Center, Incorporated. So, good 
morning, Senator, and Members of the Committee. And since this 
is a testimony, I cannot let it pass without being honored to 
say I'm thankful to God for the grace He has given us in my 
Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.
    I'm honored to represent Hope Center, which is a faith-
based organization headquartered in Gretna, Louisiana, of 
Jefferson Parish. It is an outreach ministry of the Hope of 
Glory Church under the extraordinary leadership of Dr. W. Ron 
Walker, President. I'm here today to speak about the lifesaving 
work we've done under the Staff Sergeant Gordon Parker Fox 
Suicide Prevention Grant Program, and the Supportive Services 
for Veteran Families Program. This is about our unwavering 
commitment to the veterans and military families who call 
Louisiana home.
    Let me begin with a truth we all know too well. Suicide 
among veterans is a public health crisis, and for far too long, 
too many have slipped through the cracks. But I'm proud to say 
that in our corner of the country, we're doing something about 
it. The work of suicide prevention and ending homelessness is 
our opportunity to reach veterans and their families with help 
and hope.
    At Hope Center, we touch the lives of 123 veterans and 
service members through the SSG Fox Grant Program. And not one, 
not a single one, has been lost to death by suicide. This is 
the impact of timely outreach, culturally competent care, deep 
rooted community trust. And on the homelessness side, in the 
past 13 years, Hope Center has served over 5,425 veteran 
households.
    The work is not easy. We must address mental health 
concerns and move from trauma-informed care to healing center 
engagement if we want the best outcomes. Over the past year, 
Hope Center has conducted outreach across six parishes in 
Southeast Louisiana in libraries, churches, barbershops, and 
coastal communities where veterans live in isolation.
    Through these grassroots efforts, we've engaged over 530 
veterans and service members, many of them for the first time. 
We've connected 26 individuals to the VA who had never accessed 
their benefits, and I can imagine there are more. And then 
there was another 42 who are on the rolls at the VA, but not 
accessing VA benefits or services or VA healthcare.
    These are men and women who served our country with honor, 
but carried their battles home in silence. And silence, 
Senator, can be deadly. The stigma of admitting suicidal 
thoughts keeps many from speaking openly even when they come to 
us asking for help. We've seen veterans on suicide watch unable 
to check a box on a form. What they really need is someone to 
sit down, look them in the eye and say, ``You matter. We are 
not going anywhere. We are here with you.'' That's the heart of 
what we do.
    Our peer support specialists, veterans themselves, offer 
more than services. They offer hope. They hold healing circles. 
They walk into someone's living room at 6 p.m. on a Friday. 
They host the Still Standing Podcast where listeners hear real 
stories from real people who walked through darkness and made 
it out on the other side.
    We build partnerships with the VA Suicide Prevention team 
meeting weekly to coordinate care Veteran. And Hope Center is 
working to inform and educate the community by training faith-
based organizations to open up veteran welcome centers in their 
houses of worship.
    Senator Cassidy. Dr. Magee, can you wrap up?
    Dr. Magee-Baker. Yes, sir. So, we urge the Committee to 
continue to expand the SSG Fox and SSVF Programs, including re-
engaging veterans who are on the rolls but not using VA 
services.

    [The prepared statement of Dr. Magee-Baker appears on page 
61 of the Appendix.]

    Senator Cassidy. Thank you. Ms. Meyers.

   STATEMENT OF EMILY MEYERS, LPC, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, 
                LONGBRANCH RECOVERY AND WELLNESS

    Ms. Meyers. Hi, my name is Emily Myers, and I'm a licensed 
professional counselor in the State of Louisiana. I have 
dedicated my career developing programs to support individuals 
and their families recover from the mental health and substance 
use disorders.
    Today, I proudly serve as the Chief Executive Officer of 
Longbranch Recovery and Wellness. We are a part of the 
Community Care Network, and it's both an honor and a profound 
responsibility to be here today to speak on behalf of an issue 
that's deeply personal to me; showing timely, effective, and 
equitable access for behavioral healthcare for veterans.
    I want to begin my testimony by expressing my respect and 
admiration for the Veterans Health Administration and its 
dedicated employees. We work very closely with them. In my 
experience, the VA staff care dear equally for the veterans. 
They serve and work tirelessly within their constraints of 
policy to deliver the best care possible.
    At Longbranch, we view ourselves not as critics of the VA, 
but as partners standing alongside the VHA and its mission to 
ensure every veteran receives the highest quality care. Since 
the inception of the MISSION Act, and more recently, the 
COMPACT Act, our organization has worked hand in hand with the 
VA responding whenever a veteran calls us directly or is 
referred to us by the VA staff.
    We understand mistakes. Veterans struggling with substance 
abuse and mental health issues face an elevated risk of 
suicide, medical crises, and premature death. When they reach 
out for help, the window to act is short and the urgency is 
real.
    Longbranch was founded in 2018 and provides evidence-based 
holistic treatment for substance use and co-occurring 
disorders. Our company is clinician-led, trauma-informed, and 
tailored to the unique needs of each individual, recognizing 
the distinct experience of veterans. We worked with the 
feedback of the local VA staff to develop both a separate male 
and female extended care program for veterans. These programs 
address the veterans' clinical issues coupled with the 
developing life skills and recovery for progressive autonomy.
    As Longbranch's CEO and COO positions are filled by 
clinicians, it is one of our guiding ethical principles to 
invest in the excellence of our clinical team to be trained and 
competent working with this population. For example, all of our 
clinicians are trained in interventions such as prolonged 
exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy for PTSD, or 
post-traumatic stress disorder, that is a very common co-
occurring diagnosis for our veterans.
    We also have collaborated with the research within the VA 
on improving approaches such as yoga therapy for veterans with 
substance use disorders and chronic pain. These results have 
shown very promising outcomes for a significant reduction in a 
variety of symptoms that we survey across the treatment 
process.
    Longbranch offers a full spectrum of care from 
detoxification, to residential to extended care, intensive 
outpatient long-term monitoring medications, assisted 
treatment, and aftercare. We are one of the few programs that 
offer services to families for our patients through workshops, 
counseling services, and aftercare support groups because 
family involvement could substantially improve patient 
outcomes.
    We take pride in exceeding not only VA, but our third-party 
administrator Optum standards, and also, the requirements of 
the State licensing bodies, and national accreditation 
agencies.
    Lastly, Longbranch employ many veterans who are in 
recovery, which is something that our leadership team is 
extremely proud of. While the MISSION Act and the COMPACT Act 
were landmark steps toward improving access, implementation for 
veterans with substance use disorders has been inconsistent and 
those inconsistencies can be deadly for this population.
    Different VA Medical Centers or VAMCs interpret the same 
policy in vast different ways. In some locations, veterans are 
offered a choice of community providers and the opportunity for 
those providers to educate the VAMC staff on available services 
or resources and others that choice is restricted or absent. 
Some VAMCs maintain strong ongoing communication with the 
community partners. Others do not.
    These variations result in delays, confusion, and sometimes 
in cases, the loss of the short willingness window when a 
veteran is ready to enter treatment. I'll give you an example 
of what might a veteran have to navigate under the current 
status quo. This is cited from Veterans report, VA staff, VA 
policy, and VA literature.
    The veteran must schedule an appointment to see their 
provider to discuss their substance use issues and that might 
have a wait time. Then, they're provided a referral to a 
substance use disorders clinic or staff to assess them for 
treatment needs. If their current provider believes they need 
treatment at the time of the original appointment, that 
doctor's referral must be reviewed by another provider and 
approved.
    Once the substance use disorder assessment is completed or 
referral to treatment is approved, the staff first look for a 
VAMC residential treatment bed. If the VA residential treatment 
bed is not available, the veteran may be referred to community 
care, but only if the wait time is expected to be 20 to 30 
days. This process from the first phone call to actual 
placement commonly can exceed 30 days as the clock times does 
not start until they come in for the original appointment.
    There are numerous phone calls and back and forth for 
appointments to get care. And as you might be able to tell, 
this process can be confusing to navigate for anyone, 
especially someone with an active substance use disorder. This 
process can also vary from VA Medical Center to VA Medical 
Center based on resources and staffing, so veterans giving 
veterans the accurate information for the VAMC they're 
connected to of how to get help when they reach out to us, can 
be unclear.
    For veterans with substance use disorders, 20 to 30 days is 
not simply a wait, it can be a fatal gap. During that time, 
they face heightened risks of medical emergencies, accidents, 
incarceration, suicide, or overdose, particularly given the 
dangers of today's fentanyl-laced drug supply.
    The result is that the VA staff who are doing their best 
are forced to follow a process that works against the urgency 
of substance use disorders treatment. It's not a matter of the 
individual performance, but a policy that does not count for 
the acute risks of substance use disorders. And unless the 
veteran is actively suicidal, they're lost in the gap between 
the MISSION Act standards and the COMPACT Act standards.

    [The prepared statement of Ms. Meyers appears on page 63 of 
the Appendix.]

    Senator Cassidy. Mr. Jackson.

  STATEMENT OF JACKSON SMITH, JD, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, BASTION 
                    COMMUNITY OF RESILIENCE

    Mr. Smith. Thank you, Senator Cassidy, for the privilege of 
testifying here today. And I also want to start by saying thank 
you to the representatives of the 15,000 strong veteran 
population of this city who fill this room. I'm acutely 
conscientious that I testify up here, not on my own behalf, but 
on behalf of you.
    My name is Jackson Smith. I'm the Executive Director of the 
Bastion Veterans Community here in New Orleans, and a Marine 
combat veteran. My experience with the most pressing issues 
facing our veteran population began in 2010 in Helmand 
Province, Afghanistan. I spent eight months there in high-
intensity frontline combat with the 78 Marines and Sailors of 
Third Platoon, India Company, 3/6.
    And over those eight months, I watched virtually every one 
of those Marines experience multiple, in some cases, dozens of 
brain-injuring events like landmine explosions and firefights. 
And in the years since then, I have seen how few resources 
there are out there for the hundreds of thousands of veterans 
with experiences.
    Just like the Marines of Third Platoon, suicide, PTSD, 
traumatic brain injury, overdoses, deaths of despair, these 
problems are growing worse for our veterans, not better. In the 
last two years of available data, we have seen the veteran 
suicide rate here in our State of Louisiana increased by nearly 
35 percent, while the civilian rate has stayed relatively flat.
    The Wounded Warrior Project's 2025 Community Survey, some 
of the most detailed data that we have available on post-9/11 
disabled veterans, shows that homelessness among this 
population has doubled between the last two surveys. We've 
heard today about continuing to lose nearly 18 veterans per day 
to suicide. But that number grows to 44 when we account for 
overdoses and other self-induced deaths. That means during the 
course of this hearing alone, we will lose as many as four more 
veterans. Four right now as we speak.
    But the news is not all bad. Initiatives like the Staff 
Sergeant Fox Grant are an important first step toward 
delivering the innovation and care that our veterans so 
desperately need. But it is only that a first step. I have 
heard witnesses before this Committee in previous hearings 
testify that the primary purpose of the Fox Grant is outreach, 
connecting with those veterans who are otherwise slipping 
through the cracks.
    And I agree, but outreach requires presence, boots on the 
ground in the communities where these veterans live and in 
their lives. And at less than two Fox grantees per State today, 
and seven states with no grantees at all, we are not cutting 
it. The Fox Grant program should be expanded significantly, 
including the availability of significantly more grants for 
first-time applicants.
    In the last cycle, more than 80 out of 93 Fox Grants went 
to existing grantees making the pool of available funds for new 
initiatives vanishingly small. Thus, for small community 
organizations like Bastion, it is difficult to justify the 
significant effort required to even assemble a Federal grant 
application. And that really matters because it's organizations 
like ours on the ground that are often best to deliver that 
follow-through, that in-person care, eyeball to eyeball that 
can make the difference.
    Organizations like Bastion are already working furiously to 
innovate and fill gaps in the continuum of care. Bastion's 
Headway program, funded since its inception by the Wounded 
Warrior Project, is a perfect example. One of the first long-
term no cost community-based rehabilitation programs for 
veterans dealing with traumatic brain injuries.
    An expanded Fox Grant, particularly one that specifically 
incentivizes programming for brain injury affected veterans, 
could help to deliver programs like headway at the scale that 
is required.
    I also urge this Committee to consider renewing or 
replacing the Assisted Living-TBI Pilot Program. That program 
was terminated in 2017 without replacement for a variety of 
reasons, including that it was deemed prohibitively expensive. 
But I would submit to this Committee, respectfully speaking, 
that given that there is no alternate or replacement program in 
place, expensive compared to what? I believe that we owe it to 
these veterans to deliver the care that they need regardless of 
cost, just as they raised their hand and swore to defend this 
Nation and their Constitution, regardless of cost, even that of 
their lives.
    I would also submit to this Committee that in terminating 
that program without replacement, we have merely passed on the 
cost to our veterans and their families with stark 
consequences. Today, the suicide rate for long-term caregivers 
of non-seniors is as high as 20 percent. We can do better, and 
we must.
    I will leave this Committee with the words said to me just 
last week by one of our head of veterans, ``This program saved 
my life.'' To hear those words from a fellow veteran is a gift 
that I lack the words to properly describe other than to say to 
my friend, if he's listening, ``I'm proud of you.''
    But when I hear those words, I cannot help but to think of 
how many more veterans we have not yet reached. How many of my 
brothers and sisters we have already lost because we could not 
reach them in time. How many more will we lose if we wait 
another year? How many more will we lose today? Too many. 
Organizations like Bastion can make the difference in the lives 
of these veterans. We prove it every day, but we need your help 
and your resources to turn the tide. Thank you.
    [Applause.]

    [The prepared statement of Mr. Smith appears on page 66 of 
the Appendix.]

    Senator Cassidy. And next is Kirk Long. Kirk Long is the 
one who said to me, ``Hey, when you go out on that boat today, 
don't fall off.''
    [Laughter.]
    Mr. Long. Don't fall out the boat, Doc.

    STATEMENT OF KIRK LONG, FORMER CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, 
                 CRESCENT CITY SURGICAL CENTRE

    Mr. Long. Good morning. My name is Kirk Long, and I 
appreciate Senator Cassidy's invitation to speak with you 
today. I'm also a United States Marine Corps veteran, and the 
proud father of an active-duty Marine, currently serving in 
Camp Pendleton, California.
    I have been a hospital developer and operator for over 30 
years. With the last 15 years being spent as a Chief Executive 
Officer of Crescent City Surgical, located in Metairie 
Louisiana. Crescent City Surgical is a licensed general acute 
care hospital focusing on a broad array of specialized care to 
include neurosurgery, orthopedics, surgical oncology, pain 
management, and mental awareness. Our provider network is large 
and is augmented by a partnership with LCMC Health, the largest 
hospital system in the New Orleans region.
    Initially, I was asked to speak on the barriers to entry 
with the Community Care Network. Put simply, unless you know 
someone in Congress, you'll not receive a return phone call. 
Then, when and if you do, you will be presented with a 
boilerplate contract with lower than market payment rates. 
There's no room for negotiation. All of this combined with the 
immense difficulties of dealing with the VA in general, present 
little to no incentive for private network providers to engage.
    However, these challenges encouraged our team to propose 
the creation of a pilot program that would augment the current 
VA system. Specifically, our intent was to address the 
egregious wait times many veterans encounter, especially if 
they need specialized care. We learned that the NOLA VA Medical 
Center was faced with many staffing shortages, especially in 
the surgical specialties.
    Since our network does have access to these specialists, we 
are confident that we will be able to successfully reduce these 
wait times and treat the veterans in a timely manner. We have 
presented this project to Members of Congress and have been 
encouraged by the response, and we look forward to seeing it to 
fruition.
    Additionally, we are encouraged by the ACCESS Act 
legislation currently making its way through Congress. It is 
apparent that the Members of Congress, such as you, Senator 
Cassidy, as well as other Members of the United States House 
and Senate VA committees, have heard about the many challenges 
of working with the community care networks and are working 
hard to address them. We applaud this.
    We are also encouraged by the renewed focus within the new 
ACCESS Act legislation to address the dire mental health issues 
currently faced by our veteran community. I would like to take 
this opportunity to announce the creation of a new mental 
health facility in New Orleans, the Crescent City Behavioral 
Health Center. The comprehensive care provided at this new 
center will include both inpatient, outpatient, and partial 
hospitalization mental health services in a safe and 
comfortable environment.
    The center will also be committed to the treatment of 
chronic pain, including the myriad of organic and degenerative 
diseases contributing to the mental illness. We will also 
recognize the need for additional substance abuse disorder 
services and intend to include this in our services.
    I'll be happy to discuss any of the further details or 
answer any questions at your convenience. Thank you.

    [The prepared statement of Mr. Long appears on page 68 of 
the Appendix.]

    Senator Cassidy. And then, Paul, please.

    STATEMENT OF PAUL HERMANN, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, DISABLED 
           AMERICAN VETERANS, DEPARTMENT OF LOUISIANA

    Mr. Hermann. Yes, good morning. My name is Paul Hermann. 
Senator Cassidy, Members of the Committee, thank you for the 
opportunity to appear before you today as we discuss how we can 
improve mental health care for veterans in Louisiana across the 
country.
    On behalf of the Disabled American Veterans, Department of 
Louisiana, I'm honored to offer testimony in support of one of 
our organization's top legislative priorities for the 119th 
Congress; eliminating persistent gaps in veterans' mental 
health care and suicide prevention, particularly for service-
disabled veterans in rural, remote, and underserved 
communities.
    Now, I want to be clear, VA has done a lot over the years 
to improve mental health services. They built strong programs 
for PTSD, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and military 
sexual trauma. But even with all that, too many veterans are 
still falling through the cracks. And that's especially true 
for veterans who historically have been overlooked, like women 
veterans, rural veterans, and those dealing with MST and 
intimate partner violence.
    Here's one example. VA has a suicide prevention model that 
helps identify veterans at crisis. It's a smart tool and it's 
saving lives, but originally it did not include MST or intimate 
partner violence despite evidence that both are major 
contributors to veteran suicide. We are very pleased that VA 
has addressed the issues and recently rolled out REACH VET 2.0, 
which includes MST and IPV. Same goes for the community care.
    VA trains its own staff in things like suicide prevention, 
lethal means safety, trauma-informed care. But once you send a 
veteran to a proper provider in the community, those 
requirements disappear. That's just not good enough. If we're 
going to trust the community providers with veterans' mental 
health care, they need to understand where veterans are coming 
from and be trained accordingly. We need to make sure that all 
providers, VA or not, are prepared to meet the veterans where 
they are with understanding with the right training and with 
consistency.
    The last part, consistency is a huge issue. Veterans often 
finally build up the courage to open up to a therapist or a 
psychiatrist only to find out that that person has left and 
moved on. Then, they've got to start over again with someone 
new. Trust doesn't come easy when you've been through trauma. 
Losing a trusted provider can set someone back months and 
sometimes years.
    Another thing we've got to address is how we deliver care 
in the rural areas. Look, not every veteran can or wants to do 
therapy over video. Some veterans live in areas where there is 
no reliable internet. Others just don't feel comfortable 
talking about trauma on a screen. They want to see someone face 
to face, not feel like they're just another face on the 
monitor.
    After Hurricane Katrina, the VA sent out mobile clinics to 
serve veterans where they are. Why not do the same for mental 
health? Let's bring psychiatrists care to rural veterans, even 
if it's just a few days a quarter. The mobile units could run 
out of the VA medical centers in New Orleans, Alexandria, and 
Shreveport, and rotate throughout the rural parishes. That kind 
of regular in-person contact could make a real difference, 
especially for veterans who are isolated and don't have 
transportation.
    Now, when we talk about MST, we have to understand it's a 
different kind of trauma than combat.
    Senator Cassidy. Just for a second, MST is military sexual 
trauma.
    Mr. Hermann. Yes, sir.
    Senator Cassidy. Yes, so everybody knows what you're 
talking about.
    Mr. Hermann. I'm sorry. MST survivors shouldn't be placed 
in group therapy with combat veterans. They need tailored 
support, and that goes for any mental health issue. We have to 
meet veterans as individuals, not try to treat everyone the 
same way.
    Finally, I want to emphasize something simple but 
important. Veterans need to know they matter. They're not just 
a number. They need to be heard, believed, and treated with 
dignity. When veterans feel like they're being passed around, 
rushed through appointments, or pushed to the side, it can feed 
into the hopelessness that we are trying to prevent. One 
suicide is too many. We have to do better.
    So, here's what we're asking; continue to update the 
suicide risk tools to reflect real veterans' experiences, make 
suicide prevention and trauma-informed care training mandatory 
for all providers who see veterans, and invest in face-to-face 
rural outreach, especially for mental health. If we can do 
that, we can start closing the gaps, and truly show veterans 
that their lives and their well-being are worth fighting for.
    On behalf of DAV, Department of Louisiana, and the veterans 
we serve, thank you for your leadership and continued 
commitment to this mission. I'm happy to answer any questions 
you may ask.

    [The prepared statement of Mr. Hermann appears on page 69 
of the Appendix.]

    Senator Cassidy. Thanks, Paul. Again, thank you all and 
I'll just kind of go down some lines, some questions I came up 
with. Doctor----
    Dr. Magee-Baker. Yes.
    Senator Cassidy. Fernando really emphasized coordinating 
with faith-based institutions, and obviously you're one of 
them.
    Dr. Magee-Baker. Yes.
    Senator Cassidy. What can we do to improve the 
understanding of, you name it, mosque, church, synagogue, that 
this resource is here, you do it within a faith-based setting, 
but the VA? You see where I'm going with that? How can we 
improve that? Because I'm not sure my--I have to ask my pastor, 
but Fernando suggested that it's not as wide a place as it 
should be, because he says it's not as much as it should be. 
How do we improve that?
    Dr. Magee-Baker. Well, we've improved our relationships 
with connecting with houses of worship and faith-based 
organizations. And let me just tell you, Director Rivera has 
been very open-hearted on, but I think inviting those 
institutions of faith into the VA and welcome them in, I think 
sometimes what happens is because of, you know, the religious 
pact and different things like that in the separation of church 
and State that sometimes is operated under, that leads houses 
of worship to think that they're not wanted in government.
    So, one part is inviting them in to see the facility, to 
explore the needs. And part of our work is working with those 
other faith-based organizations and houses of worship to 
recognize because some of them don't even know that they have 
those who served in the military veterans or who are the 
military families within their local congregations. So, as we 
reach out to them, they become more aware.
    Senator Cassidy. Sean, are you still here? Sean is one of 
my staff here in Baton Rouge, and he interfaces with a lot of 
the VSOs. They have a very active program to help veterans. 
Sean is available 24/7. He's a bachelor. You can call him day 
or night.
    [Laughter.]
    Senator Cassidy. If you wake him up, who cares?
    [Laughter.]
    Senator Cassidy. But, Sean, on our website, we need to put 
information for veterans. Somehow, we need to begin 
communicating to these faith-based organizations that the VA 
wants to work with. And so just think about that.
    I want my office to pick up the same challenge I've given 
to everybody. How do we help Fernando better connect with those 
faith-based organizations? Because they're oftentimes the 
person who knows the need.
    Emily, you used the word navigation. It almost seems like 
there needs to be a navigator to take somebody through this 
process. Any thoughts on that?
    Ms. Meyers. Thank you for question, Dr. Cassidy. I 
appreciate it. Yes, I know there are patient experience 
officers within the VA. So, we try as a community care partner, 
when a veteran reaches out to us in crisis or their family, to 
get connected. We try to direct them to the Veterans Experience 
Office----
    Senator Cassidy. But you were speaking really fast.
    Ms. Meyers. Yes.
    Senator Cassidy. And even speaking really fast, it takes a 
really long time for someone to potentially work through the 
process. And I'm a doctor who used to work with patients with 
liver disease, and some patients with liver disease have a 
history of addiction. On the other hand, everybody in here 
knows somebody who's had a history of addiction. And the 
willingness window, we know that exists. We know that 
willingness, and you can catch them then, and if not, they are 
back on.
    So, how do we shorten that process to get to see a 
community provider if the VA's not there for someone in that 
willingness window?
    Ms. Meyers. Yes, I know that there is that current 
legislation that was referenced earlier, the ACCESS Act. 
They're talking about that for substance abuse, because again, 
navigating that process for a mental health or substance abuse 
crisis can be very challenging for them. And so, what I had 
proposed kind of--I didn't get to, even though I talk fast--was 
looking at prioritizing a rapid placement for veterans with 
substance use disorder, and especially with detox needs, and 
finding a way that maybe we could supplement the VA while 
they're waiting for an RRTP bed.
    And I know there is a VA up in North Dakota that's done 
that, where they work with a community partner for rapid 
placement, and then they coordinate the long-term step down to 
a residential bed within the VA system. So, that could 
potentially be a solution long-term to assist those veterans in 
crisis that don't meet acute inpatient criteria.
    Senator Cassidy. Now, why do we need legislation if North 
Dakota's already doing it?
    Ms. Meyers. I think it's that kind of gap between the 
Federal legislation and sometimes like the specific VA has 
ability to negotiate contracts. So, I think there's that 
confusion between the community care process now that exists 
and then the specific VA negotiating a contract because there's 
a gap in services in their area.
    I know North Coast is pretty rural, so that could be part 
of the reason they're doing that as well. But I think New York 
also has a similar program.
    Senator Cassidy. Paul, you mentioned specifically the rural 
areas. Thank you for emphasizing that, sir. And it does seem 
like somebody in a rural area by definition lives far away from 
another person.
    Mr. Hermann. Yes, sir.
    Senator Cassidy. And so what do we do for outreach that 
those people know that they can access the VA, or va.gov is a 
nice place to be. But as you point out, sometimes there's not 
even good broadband there for the services. By the way, in my 
legislation I've worked in the bipartisan infrastructure bill, 
I'm hoping it's soon implemented, there'll be access to high 
speed, affordable internet for everybody in Louisiana, no 
matter where they live. So, we're trying to confront that.
    But that said, how do we connect those people, anyone who 
might have that need, when they're in a rural area for that 
initial visit?
    Mr. Hermann. I think a lot comes from family or friends 
checking on them, other veterans checking on them. The VA has a 
program that they're supposed to check on them so many times 
when they first get out. But I believe that if we brought the--
like I was talking about the buses, we did it in Katrina, bring 
them out to a local area and these people can----
    Senator Cassidy. So, let me ask you, because I've been told 
that there's a stigma, and that some people in rural areas do 
not want to go to a mental health clinic because small towns 
talk.
    Mr. Hermann. Correct. Some of them don't even want to admit 
they have the problem.
    Senator Cassidy. Now, but they have more likely to admit 
because you stressed you need to have an appropriate setting 
for the appropriate issue.
    Mr. Hermann. Correct.
    Senator Cassidy. So, if you bring the kind of VA mental 
health clinic to small town, does that push people away? You 
follow? I'm saying mental health clinics.
    Mr. Hermann. I follow you, but I don't--I honestly believe 
if we started this program, that veterans would come to it 
because now they can see somebody face to face and talk to 
somebody face to face. And even if even if the bus came and 
they had groups working with PTSD clients or MST clients, 
because again, they're PTSD, but it's not the same. Combat and 
sexual trauma are two different things.
    So, it's just the only way to--we've got to figure out a 
way to reach them. And I believe that that could possibly be a 
way to do that or find someone in the local community for them 
to get together, you know, at a barber shop, whatever it is, 
and have someone there that's trained in these types of traumas 
so that they're talking to somebody.
    One of the biggest things veterans don't want to do is talk 
to somebody that doesn't have a clue what they're going 
through. I mean, that's the bottom line, too. Iraqi veterans 
don't want to necessarily talk to Vietnam veterans because they 
don't think it was the same type of war, but it's still war. 
So, we've got to get people to talk to other people that are in 
their age group or they suffered the same type of trauma.
    And like I said, to me it's find a local area that we can 
send someone to. The VA sends people out locally to help with 
claims. So, why not do the same thing with mental health?
    [Applause.]
    Senator Cassidy. Chronic pain. Chronic pain, brother, that 
drags you down. Once I had a neck pain for about three months, 
I had a pinched nerve, and I mean, all my emotional energy went 
to managing that pain and eventually the nerve died and that--
so, I hear what you're saying. So, is the chief barrier the 
ability to contract with the VA in order to provide those 
services?
    Mr. Long. So, one of the main barriers, Senator Cassidy, is 
the community care networks are statutorily limited in how the 
VA is allowed to pay the private providers if a veteran is able 
to utilize a community care network. And that was one of the 
frustrating things that we ran up against was that even though 
the community care networks are administered by Optum, Optum is 
owned by UnitedHealthcare. We as a provider had a contract with 
UnitedHealthcare, but Optum was not allowed to offer us the 
basic same rates.
    Senator Cassidy. And these are just fair market rates. And 
so, I was actually talking to Fernando before we came up here, 
and one of the suggestions that we had was add some language in 
some of this legislation that would allow the negotiation for 
fair market payment rates through the Community Care Network.
    So, if you're a veteran and you need to go see a 
neurosurgeon, and a local VA does not have a neurosurgeon 
available within two or three months, you're able to go outside 
the VA system. You go see a neurosurgeon. Well, as we all know, 
a lot of times, we've discussed it here today, the veterans are 
usually a fairly complicated case.
    They don't just go because they've got back pain. They go 
because they have back pain. They also have five other 
comorbidities. They have COPD, they might have cancer, they 
might have addiction issues, they might have some sort of 
mental health issue, but they might have intractable pain that 
causes them mental anguish.
    And so, these cases require a lot more time, and effort, 
and resources by the private provider. All we would ask to just 
be paid fairly for that. Not anything more or less, just a fair 
market negotiation. And I think that would really open up the 
success and provide for many more positive outcomes via the 
Community Care Network, which is a great idea.
    It's just there's some communications issues with it. There 
are continuity of care issues with it. And I think the ACCESS 
Act addresses several of those from the version I saw. And we 
applaud that. And I think that with the addition of some sort 
of fair market payment negotiation, that availability would 
really go along way.
    Emily, in the initial stages of the fentanyl epidemic, 
people spoke about how someone would come in with pain and be 
given oxycodone, and that would--they would maybe have a 
genetic predisposition or whatever--but they would transition 
from taking one oxycodone every three days to escalating doses.
    Of those who are addicted that you see, how many of them 
begin with a chronic pain kind of precursor and it leads to 
that? Of course, not all, believe me, I don't want to put a 
stigma on anybody with chronic pain. Period. Don't do that. 
Just like we don't want a stigma on veterans regarding mental 
health, but for those who have that issue, we want to 
acknowledge it. So, how many of those.
    Ms. Meyers. Well, thank you, Dr. Cassidy, for that 
question. So, a lot of people, I don't have the exact number on 
top. I can get that for you in the post hearing. But most of 
our veterans come in with two diagnoses for addiction, is going 
to be substance--or sorry, alcohol use disorder is the primary 
or opioid use disorder is the primary. So, those are usually 
our two diagnoses.
    Now, what I will say is that every single person, we pretty 
much drug test any illicit drug they're taking now. Anything 
they get off the street which is a common thing for chronic 
pain. When they start with prescriptions and then they navigate 
to street drugs, everyone is testing positive for fentanyl.
    So, it's every single patient pretty much we drug test that 
uses illicit drugs. But yes, many of our veterans especially 
have chronic pain issues. And we try to address that 
holistically with yoga therapy, coupled with medication-
assisted therapies, as well as helping them work through those 
issues with other models.
    Senator Cassidy. Jackson, my staff confirmed the original 
bill, the original legislation that you're describing for the 
TBI was my legislation. The Veterans Traumatic Brain Injury 
Care Improvement Act passed when I was announced 
representative. And as you're speaking of it and the 
effectiveness of it. Of course, I like that if you sponsor 
something, do we have longitudinal data?
    As a doctor and then as a Senator, if I'm going to make the 
case that this needs to be reinstituted, you want to have the 
outcomes that shows, wow, it did improve lives and by improving 
lives, you may think it was expensive up front, but it saved a 
lot of money on the back end. Do we have that data for this 
program?
    Mr. Smith. Sir, I don't believe that we have that data to 
show effectiveness at the outset. What we have instead is a 
quickly growing body of evidence as to the negative outcomes 
that we're heading toward absent intervention. And as I've 
stated in my testimony, my overriding concern is that there is 
no replacement in place for that permit.
    Senator Cassidy. I'm with you on that. But let me ask, it's 
a lot easier to make the case, and you're kind of making it, 
it's the absence of it. Now we're seeing the untoward effects.
    Mr. Smith. Yes, sir.
    Senator Cassidy. But it would be good to catalog what those 
might be. For example, this VetPAC that I'm proposing, Senator 
Hirono from Hawaii is proposing as well, an outside evaluator. 
They could look at this program which has been terminated, and 
then see the results, and then they give advice back to the 
Congress and to the VA that this program should be reinstated. 
You with me?
    Mr. Smith. Yes, sir.
    Senator Cassidy. So, if you're telling me that the folks 
who formally were in the program who are now not in the program 
are having this and all of that bad, then that's also helpful. 
So, I'm going to ask you, if you can, working with others, 
however you can do it, and we'll provide resources if you can 
document that, because it's easier for me to make a case.
    You notice I explored with Emily the relationship with 
someone beginning on opioids because of chronic pain, but it's 
easier for me to make a case for her position if we establish 
that some of what she's catching is related to the absence of 
effective therapy. Are you with me?
    Mr. Smith. Yes, sir.
    Senator Cassidy. That's not a big stretch.
    Mr. Smith. No, no, not at all. What I can say right now 
that we already know, we've talked a lot about veteran suicide 
today. For individuals with moderate to severe TBIs, they are 
experiencing suicide and excess mortality across all causes at 
11 times the rate of their non-injured counterparts. Numbers 
that are that stark combined with the caregiver statistics that 
I mentioned. That, to me, is a flashing red fire alarm. And it 
tells me that we have to put intervention and resources into 
this now.
    And given how early we are in this process, we've done this 
pilot, that's true. Our understanding of the nature of brain 
injury and brain health has advanced considerably even since 
2017 when that program was terminated, especially in terms of 
understanding how many more veterans there are out there with 
these kinds of conditions.
    Things like blast exposure and training. I was talking with 
my fellow Marine over here about shooting mortars. Every one of 
those has a brain injury in the back. Marines fire hundreds 
over the course of training alone. So, frankly, we are way 
behind the power curve here.
    My overriding concern is that we start to pour resources to 
see what works. Because right now we're really not even at that 
stage yet. Programs like Headway at Bastion have demonstrated 
efficacy. We have almost five years of data now on individual 
participants in that program, and ``knock on wood,'' we have 
yet to lose one of those veterans to suicide.
    But across the population, nationally, we are drastically 
behind. And when we look at the things that are coming out of 
conflicts like Ukraine and Gaza right now, the next war is 
going to be horrific in its effect on the brain health of our 
service members.
    Senator Cassidy. I'm going to ask each of you, Fernando was 
so gracious, he is there and I'm here. So, both Congress and 
the VA. If you had to each give like one piece of advice that 
you would want us to hear on behalf of the veterans, I'm going 
to just go to start with you, Paul, and it may be reason 
something you've already said, but just emphasize that one 
thing, then let us hear it and let us take it back.
    Mr. Hermann. The one thing I would say is competent 
psychiatrist and psychologist to deal with the issues that 
veterans are dealing with. Don't stick somebody that has 
depression with a combat veteran, or an MST patient, or an IPV 
patient. It is totally different. You need to train those 
doctors and psychologists in those fields.
    Senator Cassidy. So, MST versus combat and have competent 
physicians, psychologists trained for those.
    Mr. Hermann. Trained for combat MST and IPV, the 
interpersonal violence to be able to help the veterans deal 
with that. And it's not just women veterans. Remember, military 
sexual trauma does include men veterans.
    Senator Cassidy. That's one thing I've heard that believe 
me, there's more of a stigma associated with that and the men 
are less likely to come forward.
    Mr. Hermann. Yes, sir.
    Senator Cassidy. But when you do it, you find it.
    Mr. Hermann. Yes, sir.
    Senator Cassidy. If I had to say one thing, I would say 
let's make it easier for the VA to utilize the private sector 
and the private providers that are currently out there that 
currently have the capacity, the bandwidth, and the runway to 
take care of these veterans. It wouldn't be difficult. It will 
be a small jump. I'm going to ask you to be offline later. 
Communicate that directly because Emily spoke about how there's 
this kind of folding over of combat admission and somehow 
sometimes things free fall between. And so, later you have my 
contact. Send me something specific in regards this is what you 
would do. There's been a great deal of discussion and testimony 
today around outreach. Outreach requires presence. It requires 
presence in person and on the ground.
    Mr. Smith. There are no remote jobs in the military. There 
are no one person jobs in the military. We have talked about 
that veteran living rurally or struggling at home alone with 
mental health issues. All of the new things that we're rolling 
out; telehealth apps, those are important steps toward access. 
But I have been that lonely veteran, and I have gotten on the 
app, and I was as lonely when I got off as when I got on. I 
might have gotten some good advice. I might have gotten some 
counseling to help me with some of the other things that I'm 
dealing with. But if I am alone and isolated to be at the 
beginning of that call, I'm isolated at the end.
    Community organizations, like the ones filling this room, 
are already doing the work. We talk about faith groups. When 
Bastion's new facility opens, the first thing that we are doing 
is going to every one of our local churches because we know, 
they know where the veterans are and where the struggling 
veterans are.
    You give $1,000 to the DAV, you'll get $1,000 worth of 
outreach and serving veterans. I guarantee, same thing for the 
VFW. Same thing for all of our community organizations who are 
face to face with these problems every day. And right now, 
resources are not getting down to those ground level 
organizations from the pots of truly life changing, game 
changing resources like the Federal Government, the VA.
    Organizations like ours are not built to compete for a Fox 
grant as it is currently configured at 11 grants available per 
year nationwide in the last cycle. I just can't justify. I have 
no shot competing against organizations that can hire an entire 
outside company just to assemble that grant. Organizations like 
our VSOs, our DAVs, our American Legions, it's the same thing. 
We don't have time to do that because we are face to face with 
that veteran.
    So, we need avenues of funding that are more accessible. 
And that can mean in smaller amounts, a $750,000 Fox rate is a 
big deal, especially if you're counting on it renewing next 
year. It doesn't have to be that it could be a $50,000 grant, 
it could be a $25,000 grant. But with an application process 
that is navigable for these community-based organizations, we 
need the resourcing to further the work that we are already 
showing we are capable of doing.
    Ms. Meyers. So, what I would say is the biggest issue and 
what I would ask for help with is basically when a veteran 
reaches out for help that phone call is really challenging for 
most people with substance abuse issues and veterans especially 
asking for help is really challenging. And so, we want to help 
them urgently navigate the process. So, developing consistent 
guidelines of implementation for getting them into.
    Senator Cassidy. Did you mention that VA's have different 
processes, so what you're saying there needs to be one which is 
common for all VAs?
    Ms. Meyers. And kind of what they mentioned with VISN 16, 
developing an outreach center. You know, I didn't know they had 
fully had that yet, and online. So, that's great for me to know 
so I can direct them to the right place. Because sometimes them 
making a second phone call or a third phone call, they get lost 
through the cracks and that's what we, none of us in this room 
want. So, finding a way to maybe let us help them urgently and 
in crisis and then help them get back to you as a healthier, a 
little bit more stable so that we can, we can continue long-
term wraparound care. Veterans with substance abuse issues and 
co-occurring mental health disorders are very complex cases. 
They usually have a lot of medical comorbidities. They have a 
lot of mental health comorbidities.
    There is, as we talked about, MST, PTSD sorts of very 
challenging mental health diagnoses and they deserve care and 
really quality communication between us and them. And I know 
most of the community partners that I know in the substance 
abuse world and addiction world are willing to coordinate and 
talk and work together to get them back to you guys. Get them 
back to utilize services more effectively. Help set up 
aftercare appointments with, with the VA and also give records 
and coordinate. So, developing that consistent implementation 
across VAs would be really helpful.
    And second on that same note, is how do we engage with the 
VA can vary from place to place. So, is it a weekly staffing 
meeting? Is it an email? Is it a fax? Is it a you know, just 
how do we engage? Can we discuss resources that are available 
for the community care office? So, what they get a veteran that 
doesn't know where they want to go or what they want to do. You 
guys know where to send them. Not every veteran's right for us, 
right? There's other places that are better or might be a 
better fit for that patient.
    So, we want to make sure they get to the right place, they 
get the right care at the right time and the right level of 
care.
    Senator Cassidy. Doctor?
    Dr. Magee-Baker. And just to piggyback, many of the things 
that we hear from our veterans is about navigation. Where to 
begin in the VA you know, telling them a call and waiting on 
hold. Not being able to really explain or know what they need 
or what department they need to get to is important. So, what 
we would recommend is stronger navigation and VSOs and 
community-based organizations can be that resource when funding 
to help veterans walk them step by step in navigating how to 
access VA resources, how to access veteran benefits as well.
    Senator Cassidy. Thank you. You all join me in thanking our 
panelists.
    [Applause.)
    Senator Cassidy. This has been very helpful to me. I'm sure 
it's been helpful to you, Fernando. I thank you all for being 
here. And truly me, Sean will make himself available. If 
there's something that you think that you've got a personal 
story that's going to help us serve others better, we would ask 
that you would reach out to my office. And we're also on the 
internet, of course. And with that, I conclude the hearing. 
Thank you.
    [Whereupon, at 10:56 a.m., the hearing was adjourned.]


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