[Senate Hearing 119-34]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                                                           S. Hrg. 119-34

             LEGISLATIVE PRESENTATION OF THE VETERANS 
             OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES AND 
             IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN VETERANS OF AMERICA,
              STUDENT VETERANS OF AMERICA, TRAGEDY 
                ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR SURVIVORS, 
             THE ELIZABETH DOLE FOUNDATION, AND NATIONAL 
                   COALITION FOR HOMELESS VETERANS

=======================================================================

                             JOINT HEARING

                               BEFORE THE

                     COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS

                                 OF THE

                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                                AND THE

                             UNITED STATES
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                             FIRST SESSION

                               __________

                             MARCH 4, 2025

                               __________

       Printed for the use of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs
       
[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]       


        Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.govinfo.gov
        
                              __________

                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
59-775 PDF                  WASHINGTON : 2025                  
          
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                SENATE COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS

                     Jerry Moran, Kansas, Chairman
John Boozman, Arkansas               Richard Blumenthal, Connecticut, 
Bill Cassidy, Louisiana                  Ranking Member
Thom Tillis, North Carolina          Patty Murray, Washington
Dan Sullivan, Alaska                 Bernard Sanders, Vermont
Marsha Blackburn, Tennessee          Mazie K. Hirono, Hawaii
Kevin Cramer, North Dakota           Margaret Wood Hassan, New 
Tommy Tuberville, Alabama                Hampshire
Jim Banks, Indiana                   Angus S. King, Jr., Maine
Tim Sheehy, Montana                  Tammy Duckworth, Illinois
                                     Ruben Gallego, Arizona
                                     Elissa Slotkin, Michigan

                     David Shearman, Staff Director
                Tony McClain, Democratic Staff Director

                              ----------                              

        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS

                     Mike Bost, Illinois, Chairman

Aumua Amata Coleman Radewagen,       Mark Takano, California, Ranking 
    American Samoa                       Member
Jack Bergman, Michigan               Julia Brownley, California
Nancy Mace, South Carolina           Chris Pappas, New Hampshire
Mariannette Miller-Meeks, Iowa       Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick, 
Gregory F. Murphy, North Carolina        Florida
Derrick Van Orden, Wisconsin         Morgan McGarvey, Kentucky
Morgan Luttrell, Texas               Delia C. Ramirez, Illinois
Juan Ciscomani, Arizona              Nikki Budzinski, Illinois
Keith Self, Texas                    Timothy M. Kennedy, New York
Jennifer A. Kiggans, Virginia        Maxine Dexter, Oregon
Abe Hamadeh, Arizona                 Herb Conaway, New Jersey
Kimberlyn King-Hinds, Northern       Kelly Morrison, Minnesota
    Mariana Islands
Tom Barrett, Michigan

                       Jon Clark, Staff Director
                  Matt Reel, Democratic Staff Director
                           
                           C O N T E N T S

                              ----------                              

                             March 4, 2025

                                                                   Page

                                SENATORS

Hon. Jerry Moran, Chairman, U.S. Senator from Kansas.............     1
Hon. Richard Blumenthal, Ranking Member, U.S. Senator from 
  Connecticut....................................................     4
Hon. Margaret Wood Hassan, U.S. Senator from New Hampshire.......    18
Hon. Tommy Tuberville, U.S. Senator from Alabama.................    22
Hon. Dan Sullivan, U.S. Senator from Alaska......................    25
Hon. Mazie K. Hirono, U.S. Senator from Hawaii...................    28
Hon. Angus S. King, Jr., U.S. Senator from Maine.................    29
Hon. Jim Banks, U.S. Senator from Indiana........................    30
Hon. Ruben Gallego, U.S. Senator from Arizona....................    32
Hon. Bill Cassidy, U.S. Senator from Louisiana...................    33

                            REPRESENTATIVES

Hon. Mike Bost, Chairman, U.S. Representative from Illinois......     2
Hon. Mark Takano, Ranking Member, U.S. Representative from 
  California.....................................................     6
Hon. Aumua Amata Coleman Radewagen, U.S. Representative from 
  American Samoa.................................................    17
Hon. Abe Hamadeh, U.S. Representative from Arizona...............    19
Hon. Chris Pappas, U.S. Representative from New Hampshire........    20
Hon. Kelly Morrison, U.S. Representative from Minnesota..........    23
Hon. Herb Conaway, U.S. Representative from New Jersey...........    26
Hon. Delia Ramirez, U.S. Representative from Illinois............    48

                               INTRODUCER

Hon. Jon Ossoff, U.S. Senator from Georgia.......................     9

                               WITNESSES
                                Panel I

Alfred J. ``Al'' Lipphardt, Commander in Chief, Veterans of 
  Foreign Wars of the United States..............................    10

  accompanied by

  Patrick Murray, Acting Executive Director of the Washington 
    Office

  Kristina Keenan, Director, National Legislative Service

  Michael Figlioli, Director, National Veterans Service

  Mitch Fuller, Chairman, National Legislative Committee

                                Panel II

Robert Thomas, National President, Paralyzed Veterans of America.    36

Allison Jaslow, Chief Executive Officer, Iraq and Afghanistan 
  Veterans of America............................................    37

Jared Lyon, National President and Chief Executive Officer, 
  Student Veterans of America....................................    39

                            Panel II (cont.)

Bonnie Carroll, President and Founder, Tragedy Assistance Program 
  for Survivors..................................................    41

Meredith Beck, Vice President, Government Affairs and Community 
  Engagement, The Elizabeth Dole Foundation......................    43

Kathryn Monet, Chief Executive Officer, National Coalition for 
  Homeless Veterans..............................................    45

                                APPENDIX
                          Prepared Statements

Alfred J. ``Al'' Lipphardt, Commander in Chief, Veterans of 
  Foreign Wars of the United States..............................    59

Robert Thomas, National President, Paralyzed Veterans of America.    89

Allison Jaslow, Chief Executive Officer, Iraq and Afghanistan 
  Veterans of America............................................   110

Jared Lyon, National President and Chief Executive Officer, 
  Student Veterans of America....................................   121

Bonnie Carroll, President and Founder, Tragedy Assistance Program 
  for Survivors..................................................   152

Meredith Beck, Vice President, Government Affairs and Community 
  Engagement, The Elizabeth Dole Foundation......................   183

Kathryn Monet, Chief Executive Officer, National Coalition for 
  Homeless Veterans..............................................   200

                       Submission for the Record

Kentucky Public Radio article; ``Kentucky business among hundreds 
  losing veteran service contracts amid Trump cuts''.............   211

                        Questions for the Record

Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States response to 
  questions from:

  Hon. Margaret Wood Hassan......................................   217

  Hon. Marsha Blackburn..........................................   218

Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America response to questions 
  from:

  Hon. Marsha Blackburn..........................................   218

                       Statements for the Record

Gold Star Spouses of America, Inc., Tamra Sipes, National 
  President......................................................   223

Military-Veterans Advocacy, Commander John B. Wells, USN 
  (Retired), Chairman............................................   231

National Guard Association of the United States..................   241

Quality of Life Foundation.......................................   245

 
LEGISLATIVE PRESENTATION OF THE VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED 
    STATES AND MULTI VSOs: PARALYZED VETERANS OF AMERICA, IRAQ AND 
 AFGHANISTAN VETERANS OF AMERICA, STUDENT VETERANS OF AMERICA, TRAGEDY 
 ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR SURVIVORS, THE ELIZABETH DOLE FOUNDATION, AND 
                NATIONAL COALITION FOR HOMELESS VETERANS

                              ----------                              


                         TUESDAY, MARCH 4, 2025

                           U.S. Senate, and
                     U.S. House of Representatives,
                            Committee on Veterans' Affairs,
                                                    Washington, DC.
    The Committees met, pursuant to notice, at 10 a.m., in Room 
SD-G50, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Jerry Moran, 
Chairman of the Committee, presiding.

    Present:

    Senators Moran, Cassidy, Sullivan, Tuberville, Banks, 
Sheehy, Blumenthal, Hirono, Hassan, King, and Gallego.

    Representatives Bost, Coleman Radewagen, Hamadeh, Takano, 
Pappas, Cherfilus-McCormick, Ramirez, Conaway, and Morrison.

             OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. JERRY MORAN,
               CHAIRMAN, U.S. SENATOR FROM KANSAS

    Chairman Moran. Good morning, everyone. The hearing will 
come to order. I welcome everyone in the room and certainly 
welcome the Commander. I thank my colleague from the House, 
Chairman Bost, along with Ranking Members Blumenthal and 
Takano, and the rest of my Senate and House colleagues for 
joining us here today in this joint hearing, the final of three 
hearings our Committees hosted this year.
    I, of course, specifically welcome Commander Al Lipphardt, 
his wife Carol, and the rest of his team at the VFW. I also 
welcome all of the organizations represented on the second 
panel and those of you who have traveled here from across the 
country to represent veterans, servicemembers, caregivers, 
families, and survivors. I also want to give a special hello, 
of course, to the Kansans in the audience and those watching at 
home. The VFW is a major and important organization in our 
state. I appreciate the relationship I have with them.
    The work we do on our Committees would not be possible 
without the work and the dedication of the VSO community. Our 
accomplishments are a result of your advocacy and the efforts 
to hold Congress and VA accountable for doing what is in the 
best interest of our veterans and military communities.
    One example of this is the Elizabeth Dole 21st Century 
Veterans Health Care and Benefits Improvement Act which was 
signed into law last Congress and supported by the 
organizations, all of the organizations, we will be hearing 
from today. We are working to make certain this legislation is 
implemented in a timely manner and in adherence with 
congressional intent so that it lives up to the promise for 
veterans, caregivers, and survivors.
    All of the policies and programs that we will discuss today 
depend upon a strong and effective VSO community and a strong 
and effective VA workforce to deliver the care and benefits 
veterans and their families deserve.
    As the VA implements new Federal workforce guidance, and we 
work together to root out any waste, I am committed to making 
certain that the necessary VA workforce is preserved. In that 
regard, it would be useful to retain the inspector general to 
work to help the Department and Congress better inform our 
decisions.
    The VA must be forthcoming and transparent with Congress, 
VSOs, and the public about how it is implementing workforce, 
contract, and other changes. The VA must also work to avoid or 
correct actions that could in any way undermine access to the 
care and benefits that veterans and their loved ones rely on.
    I again thank you for you all being here today. I look 
forward to the testimony of the witnesses on both panels.
    And I now yield to Chairman Bost for his opening remarks.

              OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. MIKE BOST,
          CHAIRMAN, U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM ILLINOIS

    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Chairman Moran. Good morning.
    [Chorus of ``Good morning.'']
    Chairman Bost. I want to thank you all for being here, and 
I want to thank you to my Senate colleagues, Chairman Moran, 
Ranking Member Blumenthal, for hosting us this week. And I 
would like to thank the VFW National Commander, Alfred 
Lipphardt, for being here today. Thank you, Commander.
    I would also like to give a shout-out to the VFW Auxiliary 
National Commander, Brenda Bryant. Thank you for being here. 
And I am pleased that there are folks here from the great State 
of Illinois, and if you would, I just want you to stand if you 
can, or raise your hand, and be recognized. There they are. 
Thanks for being here.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Bost. And I want to thank you all for traveling 
here to your nation's capital for such important issues.
    This Congress marks a decade on this sacred Committee for 
me, and it is my second term as Chair. It is an honor to serve 
all of you. The mission of the VA Committee has always been 
personal to me. I grew up in a home with veterans, and many of 
you have heard it before, but I am still going to say it again. 
My dad and his brothers, Army, Korean War.
    [Chorus of hooahs.]
    Chairman Bost. My grandfather, one was Navy, Second World 
War.
    [Chorus of hooyahs.]
    Chairman Bost. Other grandfather, Marine.
    [Chorus of oohrahs.]
    Chairman Bost. Oohrah, Korea. Uncle, Marine, Vietnam, 
victim of the ultimate oxymoron, friendly fire, but because of 
VA has had a very successful life, and he is up in his years 
now. I, peacetime Marine. My son is a lieutenant colonel, a 
reservist now, but was active for many years, and my grandson, 
the son of my daughter, just got out of the Corps about 6 or 8 
months ago. He was an F-18 mechanic.
    So as you can tell, it is kind of personal to me, but it is 
an honor to serve you. And every time I sit at the dais, when 
we are getting in debates, whether it is with an agency or 
another side of the aisle, my focus is not on the person I am 
discussing. It is on the veterans we are serving. It is always 
about you. It is always about the veterans, because that is why 
the VA was created, not for bureaucrats, but for the veterans.
    Now I know the sacrifice each of you has made, because my 
family made them. Each of you have fought to protect our 
constitutional rights. I am particularly proud of the work VFW 
has done to improve transition from active duty to civilian 
life. You wrote in your testimony about the Transition 
Assistance Program can be improved, and how it can be improved, 
to ensure all transitioning servicemembers are connected to 
benefits and resources as soon as possible, and I am looking 
forward to working with you on making improvements, where we 
can, to modernize the delivery of care and services at VA and 
DoD when we are using the TAP program.
    Now under my leadership we have listened to the men and 
women serving around the world who just wanted a simple program 
that meets their needs. There is more to do through legislation 
to increase the ability of DoD, their accountability, but to 
make DoD accountable to putting the TAP program as a right 
priority for those people who are leaving service. I am 
optimistic that with our new leadership in the Pentagon this 
will finally happen.
    I do want to let you know, though, 1983, when I left the 
Marine Corps, they had a TAP program. The colonel tapped me on 
the shoulder and said, ``See you later.'' [Laughter.] That was 
it. So we are doing our job to make sure that we help you. But 
remember, like we talk about the VA--if you see one VA, you 
have seen one VA--if you have seen one TAP program, you have 
seen one TAP program. We have to have the ability to help these 
servicemembers as they leave, to make sure they know and 
understand what is available to them.
    VFW will play a vital role, an important role, in making 
sure we advance commonsense proposals and conduct oversight to 
meet the needs of the entire veteran community, no matter where 
they live or where they want to work. Veterans should have the 
freedom to use the benefits of VA, no matter where they are at, 
to meet their individual needs, and they should not be spending 
hours driving in a car to get there or combing through wonky 
paperwork for months on end to figure out what is available to 
them, or needlessly waiting on a phone call to get a simple 
answer. You know where the VA is falling short, and you know 
where we need to push the Agency to bring it out of the stone 
age and into the modern age. We cannot let the bureaucracy 
continue to grow without concrete results for you, the men and 
women who serve.
    You have my commitment that as long as I am in charge, I 
will continue to fight for you and the voices that you 
represent, the hundreds of thousands of veterans outside the 
D.C. beltway who just want their health care on time, their 
benefits when they need them. This old corporal takes this 
mission seriously, and I know our new VA Secretary and my 
friend, Doug Collins, does too. Under President Trump's 
leadership, I know we are going to put you, the veteran, the VA 
services back at the center of the VA mission. And when the 
bureaucrat tries to get in the way, I will continue to be the 
first one to hold them accountable and get the answers for you.
    We made great progress through the Dole Act to provide 
support for homeless program, to ensure VA continues to lift 
veterans out of homelessness and get them back living 
fulfilling lives. My door will continue to always be open. We 
must deliver for our veterans to protect their health care 
choices, expand economic opportunity and education, streamline 
benefits to move VA and the services it provides forward. Now, 
I promise to keep up the fight together with you, and I look 
forward to completing our mission alongside of you.
    I want to thank the Senator again for having us here today, 
and with that I yield back.
    Chairman Moran. Chairman Bost, thank you. You said as long 
as you are in charge. I just want to remind you that you are in 
the Senate today.
    Chairman Bost. I am in the Senate now. That's true. I will 
be on my best behavior.
    [Laughter.]
    Chairman Moran. We look forward to that.
    [Laughter.]
    Chairman Moran. I now yield to the Ranking Member of the 
Senate Committee, Senator Blumenthal, for his opening remarks.

         OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. RICHARD BLUMENTHAL,
         RANKING MEMBER, U.S. SENATOR FROM CONNECTICUT

    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you to 
everyone for being here today, Commander Lipphardt, Chief 
Lipphardt, and all of your team and all of the VFW and other 
veterans who are here today. I hope we have a few veterans, a 
few members of the VFW from Connecticut. If you are here--yes, 
indeed. Thank you.
    I have particular honor and pleasure to welcome you today, 
Chief Lipphardt, because the VFW has been a key partner in 
helping pass important legislation for veterans and their 
families, keeping our promises to our Nation's heroes. And I 
want to thank you very, very deeply for the very forthright and 
powerful statement you made in reaction to the firing and the 
funding freezes, in effect saying--and I think I am quoting 
directly--``stop the bleeding.''
    I quoted you last week at both of our hearings extensively, 
and I put your statement into the record. And I think your 
leadership at a time when others perhaps kept their heads down 
is typical of the VFW, and provides a guiding light for other 
similar organizations, and an alarm, a wake-up call. Sounding 
that alarm is a real public service.
    It is tough to focus on efforts and legislative priorities 
when so many of our previous efforts are being rolled back, 
without consulting us. In other words, how do we go forward 
with new legislation when the priorities can simply be ignored 
and the legislation violated?
    For instance, on hundreds of contracts, Secretary Collins 
proudly announced that he had canceled a number--in fact, 875--
and we are confused now as to which of those cancellations has 
been rescinded. There was an announcement, I think just in the 
last 24 hours, that perhaps now the number has been reduced to 
600. I have demanded information and clarity as to those 
contracts. I believe others on the Committee may have done, as 
well.
    We have been informed that one of those canceled contracts 
is the Veteran-Directed Care Program, something we codified and 
expanded in a bipartisan matter, with the Dole Act. This 
program allows aging and disabled veterans to receive care in 
their home, a cost-effective alternative to nursing home care. 
It is absolutely integral to the VA's continuing of long-term 
care services. But it is just one of the hundreds of contracts 
that Secretary Collins seems intent on canceling. Contracts 
that provide critical services to veterans and their families 
and allow the VA itself to identify waste, fraud, and abuse.
    We cannot confirm that this specific contract is on the 
list of 585 that he canceled last night, or the 875 he 
announced he would cancel last week, because he will not share 
the list with us. He just wants to use the numbers for his 
press release, no transparency, no accountability, no 
consultation.
    In the process, he continues to claim that abruptly 
canceling hundreds of services will not impact veterans' care 
and benefits in any way. If that sounds realistic to anybody in 
this room, I would like to talk to you.
    Mr. Chairman, I would like to submit for the record an 
article from the Kentucky Public Radio, published on February 
25, titled ``Kentucky business among hundreds losing veteran 
service contracts amid Trump cuts.'' I have it here.
    Chairman Moran. Without objection.

    [The article referred to appears on page 211 of the 
Appendix.]

    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. In this 
article, Army veteran Neil Riley is quoted, quote, ``Secretary 
Collins said specifically that it wouldn't impact veteran 
health care or benefits in any way, and that is specifically a 
lie,'' end quote. Mr. Riley's company is a federally certified, 
service disabled veteran-owned small business that had all of 
its VA contracts canceled last week, all of them canceled last 
week. And it is just one of dozens of veteran-owned small 
businesses who had their contracts canceled and were forced to 
lay off hundreds of employees. Many of those employees were 
veterans themselves.
    These contracts help ensure the safety of low-income 
housing for veterans who are homeless or transitioning from 
care. It is not simple waste. It is not waste at all. It is not 
hypothetical. It is not abstruse or abstract. It is one of many 
human examples of impacts of this Administration's actions, and 
it is not happening on some imaginatory mind. It is happening 
in real life.
    It is just the tip of the iceberg. We have also heard 
directly from VA employees and veterans that the VA has 
terminated critical researchers, plan to cancel a PACT Act 
Enterprise Program Management Office contract that could derail 
implementation of the PACT Act. It has delayed facility 
openings and reduced inpatient beds. It has canceled 50 patient 
appointments at a VA facility last week due to staff shortages. 
It has fired Veterans Crisis Line employees in one wave of 
termination, rehired them after receiving the backlash, and 
then fired even more during a second wave, not to mention the 
thousands of other VA employees and veterans fired without 
cause.
    I will introduce, later today, a resolution. I will seek 
unanimous consent for it, asking that these firings be 
reversed. Each of them has their own story. They are men and 
women serving alongside your doctors and nurses. They process 
your disability compensation claims. They ensure veterans have 
a final resting place that honors their service to a grateful 
nation. Many of them are veterans who choose to continue their 
service by serving their fellow veterans. They have been 
callously discarded.
    Chief, your testimony says that VFW members prefer the VA 
to remain the primary provider of their health care. We need 
your help to ensure the VA has the workforce and capabilities 
to provide that health care, which is the rock of our VA health 
care system. And I want to thank you for staying true, keeping 
faith, and being a powerful and eloquent advocate for our 
veterans. We need you now more than ever.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Moran. Thank you. I now yield to the Ranking 
Member, Ranking Member Takano, for his opening remarks.

             OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. MARK TAKANO,
      RANKING MEMBER, U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM CALIFORNIA

    Mr. Takano. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you, Chairman 
Moran.
    Today we close out our annual series of joint hearings with 
the veterans service organizations, and I am pleased to welcome 
our first panel, the National Commander and representatives of 
the Veterans of Foreign Wars and its auxiliary, as well as our 
second panel, representatives from the Paralyzed Veterans of 
America, Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America, Student 
Veterans of America, the Tragedy Assistance Program for 
Survivors, the Elizabeth Dole Foundation, and the National 
Coalition for Homeless Veterans.
    And I would like to extend a special welcome to VA's 
Commander in Chief, Mr. Al Lipphardt, and National Auxiliary 
President, Ms. Brenda Bryant. Welcome.
    Before I begin my remarks I have to ask, are there any 
Californians in the room?
    [Cheers.]
    Mr. Takano. I just had to do it.
    I just want you to know, I grew up with stories about my 
three great-uncles who served in World War II in the famed 
442nd Infantry Regiment. And one of my uncles who fought in 
Vietnam sadly died by suicide when I was young. Since joining 
this Committee, I have had the honor of visiting the graves of 
the fallen around the world at cemeteries managed by the 
Department of Veterans Affairs and the American Battle 
Monuments Commission. I urge all Americans watching this 
hearing to put it on your bucket list, to visit some of these 
amazing, hallowed grounds that we meticulously keep and 
maintain.
    It is for those servicemembers and veterans, and for all of 
you, that I fight to ensure that our country honors the debt 
that can never be repaid. Honoring that debt means listening to 
veterans' voices about issues impacting their daily lives and 
how we can address them, and one of the ways we do that is by 
holding these hearings with veterans service organizations.
    It was at these hearings in 2022, when the VSOs stood in 
solidarity, calling on Congress to pass the Honoring our PACT 
Act. Without you, we would never have passed the largest 
expansion of veterans health care and benefits since the 
Vietnam War. Without VFW and countless other VSOs, millions of 
veterans would still be struggling to access health care for 
the toxic exposures they experienced in their service to our 
country. I will always be grateful to you for helping us get it 
done.
    The PACT Act was never meant to be a one-and-done. There is 
still so much more work to be done, because our pact with our 
Nation's veterans is not only about toxic exposures, it is also 
about our promise to ensure that veterans have access to their 
care and benefits, and that we do everything we can to end 
veteran homelessness and veteran suicide; address new 
categories of illness and injury associated with military 
service, for example, blast injury and military traumatic brain 
injury; finally achieve Guard and Reserve parity; ensure that 
VA is welcoming to all, and I mean all, veterans who have 
earned the right to be at a VA facility; ensure that VA's 
infrastructure can supports its mission, and so much more.
    Instead of focusing on these critical issues facing 
veterans, we are being distracted by unnecessary chaos. I have 
grave concerns about how President Trump's Executive orders are 
being carried out across the Federal Government, most 
especially at the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the 
impacts that these orders are already having on veterans.
    Under the Trump administration, more than 2,400 VA 
employees have been illegally fired, and many more have opted 
to leave rather than put up with the chaos and uncertainty that 
has been inflicted upon them. The worst part is they are not 
done yet. We expect the Administration to continue its efforts 
to further dismantle the Federal workforce. I question how 
purging the workforce, firing the watchdogs, making VA hostile 
to women and minority veterans is helping VA serve veterans 
better.
    Now, I have sent numerous letters to VA, seeking 
information on the Department's implementation of President 
Trump's disastrous Executive orders, and have had zero--zero--
meaningful responses from Secretary Collins, and this is 
extremely troubling.
    I was grateful to see VFW's statement supporting Federal 
employees, especially the veterans, who have been unlawfully 
terminated by this Administration. VFW continues to be a leader 
when it comes to standing up for veterans and what they need.
    So I am heartened to see that the courts appear to be 
paying attention. Last week, a judge in my home state called 
these firings illegal. While it is unclear how this ruling will 
impact the thousands of Federal employees who have already lost 
their jobs, I am hopeful the courts will continue to stand in 
the constitutional role of providing relief for all the damage 
that the Administration has done.
    And yes, damage has already been done. Cuts at the 
Cleveland VA Medical Center have made it harder for veterans to 
access mental health care and prosthetics, among other 
services. Restricting access to these crucial mental health 
services, while we are fighting the crisis of veteran suicide, 
is the height of tone deafness. Arguments that veterans are 
taxpayers too are tantamount to asking veterans to sign up to 
die for their country again. This is unacceptable.
    I have been accused of putting bureaucracy over veterans, 
but I dispute that. What about the veterans who lost their jobs 
to the Trump administration's indiscriminate firings of Federal 
employees? What about Black veterans who are unable to access 
VA home loans due to redlining? What about women veterans whose 
services still are not valued as much as their male peers, and 
are now worried about the loss of gender-specific care at VA? 
What about LGBTQ+ veterans whose health is in jeopardy because 
of the Administration's denial of their very existence?
    Ensuring the institution is there to serve veterans is 
putting veterans first. It is our job to ensure access to 
world-class health care and benefits to all--all veterans who 
have earned the right, and I take that responsibility very 
seriously. It is my hope that I can count on the VSO community 
to help us hold VA accountable to all veterans, and that you 
will also hold Congress accountable by making sure that we walk 
the talk, that we are carrying out our constitutional oversight 
responsibilities by asking tough questions, demanding answers, 
and taking legislative action when it is needed.
    We cannot waver in this because we know that veterans, 
their survivors, and caregivers are depending on us.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I yield back.
    Chairman Moran. Thank you, Ranking Member Takano. I am 
going to, in a moment, recognize the Senator from Georgia, 
Senator Ossoff. I was going to indicate while the Committee 
members are here, when we were in the House we called on 
members to ask questions based upon their seniority in the 
Senate. I do not know whether it is more egalitarian than the 
House, but we call on people in order of their arrival time. So 
if you came here, and started here, and you were early, you get 
rewarded for good behavior. Maybe it is just the Senate needs 
some kind of incentive for good behavior.
    In that regard, let me recognize our colleague from 
Georgia, Senator Ossoff.

                INTRODUCTION BY HON. JON OSSOFF,
                   U.S. SENATOR FROM GEORGIA

    Senator Ossoff. Well, thank you, Chairmen Moran and Bost, 
Ranking Members Blumenthal and Takano, for the privilege of 
addressing the Joint Committee today and the privilege of 
introducing to you a great Georgian, an American hero, a friend 
of mine, and someone I deeply admire, Al Lipphardt, who is 
Commander in Chief of the Veterans of Foreign Wars.
    Born and raised in Hamilton, Ohio, Al moved to Georgia 
shortly after enlisting as an infantryman in the United States 
Army in 1965, and while training in Georgia he attended Officer 
Candidate School, and was commissioned as an infantry officer.
    During his time on active duty, Al earned his VFW 
eligibility through two combat tours during the Vietnam War, 
from 1967 to 1968, and from 1970 to 1971, and through his 
distinguished service he received the Combat Infantryman's 
Badge, Bronze Star with a ``V'' device, the Purple Heart, and 
numerous other awards, concluding his service at Fort 
McPherson, Georgia, in 1979, with the rank of captain.
    After his military service, Al devoted himself to a life of 
servant leadership in charitable and fraternal organizations. 
He also received his Bachelor of Science degree in business 
administration from Pacific Western University in 1990.
    In 2002, Al joined the VFW at Post 12002 in North Fulton, 
Georgia, as a charter member, and maintains his Gold Legacy 
Life Membership in VFW Post 2667, Newnan, Georgia--that is 
Coweta, County, right, Al?--along with his family members, who 
are also VFW Department of Georgia Auxiliary Post 2667 life 
members.
    Al has served in elected and appointed positions at all 
levels of leadership through the organization, earning the 
coveted Triple Crown Award, achieving All-American Commander 
status at his post, district and department levels. And at a 
moment that brought great honor to the State of Georgia, Al, on 
August 1, 2024, you were elected as the 116th National 
Commander in Chief of the VFW. We are so proud of you and so 
grateful for your service throughout your life.
    And he has been on the road, taking the pulse of veterans 
across the Nation, servicemembers and military families alike, 
traveling across the country visiting with veterans and their 
families in nearly all 50 states, and visiting veterans and our 
men and women in uniform living and serving overseas, in Europe 
and in the Indo-Pacific.
    He lives by the words, ``Believe in what you do and do what 
you believe in.'' Al is a great American, and it is a privilege 
for the Senate and the House to have him testifying today.
    And I would be remiss, Chairmen and Ranking Members, if I 
didn't conclude by noting and honoring the tremendous record of 
bipartisanship, bipartisan commitment to veterans that has been 
a hallmark of the Veterans' Affairs Committees in both chambers 
of Congress. And I know I speak for veterans in Georgia and 
people of all political persuasions today who are deeply 
alarmed by the unnecessary chaos that has been brought to the 
VA in Georgia and across the country in the last few weeks. And 
I humbly urge you to sustain that bipartisanship that has been 
a hallmark of your work and conduct the rigorous apolitical 
oversight that you are obligated to do, beginning today with 
hearing from these distinguished American heroes.
    Again, a pleasure to introduce my friend, Al, to the 
Committee, and Chairmen and Ranking Members, thank you so much 
for the honor of being here today.
    Chairman Moran. Senator Ossoff, thank you for your 
introduction of this great American and hero veteran. I hold in 
highest regard our veterans, and maybe slightly higher than 
that, veterans who serve other veterans. And clearly the 
description you gave of Al Lipphardt demonstrates he is that.
    So, may I now recognize the 116th National Commander of the 
Veterans of Foreign Wars, Al Lipphardt, for his testimony. 
Commander.

                            PANEL I

                           ----------                              


 STATEMENT OF ALFRED J. ``AL'' LIPPHARDT, COMMANDER IN CHIEF, 
 VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES, ACCOMPANIED BY 
  PATRICK MURRAY, ACTING EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE WASHINGTON 
    OFFICE; KRISTINA KEENAN, DIRECTOR, NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE 
SERVICE; MICHAEL FIGLIOLI, DIRECTOR, NATIONAL VETERANS SERVICE; 
   AND MITCH FULLER, CHAIRMAN, NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE

    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you, Chairmen Moran and Bost, Ranking 
Members Blumenthal and Takano, Members of the Veterans' Affairs 
Committee. It is my honor to testify today on behalf of the 
more than 1.4 million members of the Veterans of Foreign Wars 
and its Auxiliary, America's largest war veterans organization.
    While the benefits we afford our all-volunteer force may 
seem generous to those who have never served, these benefits 
are simply the warranty of the service contract each of us 
signed before we put on the uniform. In addition to the 
servicemember's obligations, each contract explicitly entitles 
servicemembers to certain benefits as a result of honorable 
service. This is why the VFW calls on our Nation to honor the 
contract.
    The basic enlistment contract reads, ``My enlistment 
agreement is more than an employment agreement. It effects a 
change in status from civilian to military member of the Armed 
Forces.'' And one line that stands out on this contract, ``As a 
member of the Armed Forces of the United States, I will be 
entitled to receive pay, allowances, and other benefits, as 
provided by law and regulation.''
    This is not charity. This is a contract. Everyone who has 
served honorably, like every member of the Veterans of Foreign 
Wars, met our end of this agreement. We demand our leaders do 
the same. By contract, you must ensure the VA has the resources 
and staff to provide veterans their full earned benefits. This 
is not an ask. Honor the contract!
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. The historic passage of the PACT Act in 2022 
provided health care and benefits to a tremendous number of 
veterans and survivors, some of whom had waited years for 
relief. The VFW is grateful to these Committees for drafting 
and passing this critical legislation.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. The PACT Act is not the end of the journey 
for toxic exposed veterans and their survivors. This 
legislation was enacted to address health conditions related to 
burn pits and Agent Orange exposure. Just as important, the 
PACT Act included a framework for VA's evaluation of toxic 
exposures not included in the legislation. Veterans frequently 
tell the VFW about their health conditions resulting from 
exposure.
    The military is inherently a hazardous profession, and we 
must take care of our K2 veterans, those who served at Fort 
McClellan, veterans exposed to radiation, forever chemicals, 
and others. The VFW urges Congress to conduct oversight of VA's 
presumptive process because veterans cannot keep waiting.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. The transition from military to civilian 
life is a critical moment that requires active participation by 
both the Department of Defense and VA. Veterans can face 
difficult transitions, including housing insecurity, 
underemployment, and health concerns. We know that the first 
year from separation has the highest rate for suicide. VA 
currently includes accredited claims representatives in its 
portion of TAP classes, and the VFW leads the way in providing 
critical assistance on major installations across the country.
    The VFW urges Congress to pass legislation like the TAP 
Promotion Act to codify this practice, ensuring that 
servicemembers receive their benefits at the earliest possible 
moment.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. Furthermore, the VFW believes that military 
commanders must prioritize transition services. The VFW urges 
Congress to establish an Under Secretary of Defense for 
Transition. This position is essential for effective management 
and accountability. Improving transition has the potential to 
enhance recruitment and retention, lowers risk for suicide, and 
sets veterans on a path to success.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. Many veterans live with PTSD. VA most often 
provides antidepressants and other medications, combined with 
therapy. Veterans are concerned the VA may be overprescribing 
these medications. While these treatments are successful for 
some individuals, many veterans report experiencing only 
temporary relief, adverse side effects, and difficulties when 
going off medications. Not all treatments work for all 
veterans, which is why the VFW is working with Grunt Style 
Foundation, urging Congress and VA to research and provide 
alternative, nonconventional solutions for veterans, and break 
the cycle of overmedication.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. Treatments that have shown potential include 
HBOT, medical cannabis, MDMA, and other plant-based alternative 
therapies.
    The VFW believes there are additional ways to effectively 
treat PTSD. VA should receive funding to research and deliver 
those treatments today.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. Now, onto our favorite subject--claim 
sharks.
    [Chorus of boos.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. The VFW continues its fight against 
unaccredited, predatory claims consultants that we call ``claim 
sharks.'' Charging veterans for initial claims assistance is 
prohibited by law. Claim sharks often charge veterans the 
equivalent of 5 to 10 months of their future disability 
payments. This could put them in debt simply for trying to 
access their earned benefits. Some claim sharks obtain 
fraudulent medical opinions, from their own providers; access 
veterans' log-in credentials for VA websites and call centers, 
which are egregious practices. Anyone who assists veterans with 
the preparation of VA claims should adhere to Federal law.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. The VFW understands that some veterans are 
willing to pay for claims help, but these companies cannot be 
allowed to line their pockets with taxpayer dollars at the 
expense of disabled veterans. The VFW would support commonsense 
legislation to require that everyone who charges veterans for 
claims is accredited. Veterans should never go into debt to 
access their earned benefits.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. The service of National Guard and Reserve 
members is still overlooked despite a stark increase in 
deployments since September 11, 2001. Though they have served 
alongside active duty servicemembers, both domestic and abroad, 
they do not earn their VA education benefits at the same rate. 
This inequity has been amplified in recent years during the 
frequent activations due to natural disasters, the COVID-19 
pandemic, and border security missions. The VFW urges Congress 
to pass the Guard and Reserve GI Bill Parity Act of 2025, to 
allow any day in uniform for which military pay is received to 
count toward Post-9/11 GI Bill eligibility.
    This is a joint legislative priority for both the VFW and 
the Student Veterans of America. The current VFW/SVA 
legislative fellows have advocated on their college campuses 
around the country to bring awareness to this issue. The time 
is long past for parity. This inequity must end now.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. For more than two decades, Congress has 
failed to address the longstanding injustice of withholding 
military retirement pay from disabled veterans. Retirement pay 
and disability compensation are separate benefits, earned for 
different reasons. Congress continues to wrongly treat their 
concurrent receipt as double dipping. The VFW has advocated for 
the Major Richard Star Act and other legislation to provide 
full concurrent receipt to all deserving veterans. Congress 
passed the Social Security Fairness Act in the last session, 
ending a similar unjust offset for Social Security recipients.
    It is time to correct this injustice for our military 
retirees. The VFW calls on Congress to fix this now.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. Lastly, I would like to end with a solemn 
reminder of what is at stake when we go to war. I would like to 
recognize five members of my unit with whom I served in 
Vietnam: Private Lewis Sloan of East Point, Georgia; Corporal 
Kenneth Adams of Santa Barbara, California; Corporal Philip 
Adams of Croton Falls, New York; Private First Class Robert 
Waddell of Batavia, Ohio; and Corporal Rodney Loatman of 
Newark, New Jersey. I would ask these men to stand and be 
recognized, but they can't. Their names are on the Vietnam 
Wall, along with all those who gave the last full measure of 
devotion to this Nation, acknowledged by the contract that we 
signed.
    They died on November 23, 1967, Thanksgiving Day. Their 
names and the recognition of their supreme sacrifice must never 
be forgotten. Our nation must never forget our warfighters. 
This is why we persistently call for the full funding of DPAA's 
mission, proper recognition of American Expeditionary Forces, 
deterring our enemies abroad, and proper support to overseas 
veterans who augment these critical missions.
    Chairmen Moran and Bost, Ranking Members Blumenthal and 
Takano, Members of the Committees, thank you for the 
opportunity to discuss these important issues. My team and I 
are ready to answer any questions that you may have. Thank you.
    [Standing ovation.]

    [The prepared statement of Mr. Lipphardt appears on page 59 
of the Appendix.]

    Chairman Moran. National Commander, thank you for your 
thoughtful and solid testimony, your compelling testimony.
    We are now going to have that opportunity for us to ask you 
and your team questions. We are going to begin a round of 3-
minute questions, and I will begin those questions by 
highlighting a couple of things that you said.
    The first question I was going to ask you about, and am 
going to ask you about, you highlighted first, and that is the 
PACT Act. You highlighted that it was not a one-and-done deal 
and that there was more to come, and that there are veterans 
that are not yet receiving the benefits that some now are 
eligible for because the PACT Act requires further action by 
the Department of Veterans Affairs.
    We established a framework to make decisions regarding new 
presumptions of service-connection in an attempt to make it 
easier for toxic exposed veterans to file for and receive 
disability compensation and access to VA health care.
    What are you hearing from VA and from veterans about this 
new presumptive decision process? What are you hearing about 
concerns from veterans whose conditions are not covered by 
presumption service-connection or whose location or years of 
service are not included in the existing presumption? Would you 
please share that with me and the Committee?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you very much, sir. But I would like 
for Mike Figlioli from our National Veteran Service to more 
fully answer that in detail.
    Chairman Moran. Mr. Figlioli.
    Mr. Figlioli. Thank you, Commander in Chief. Thank you 
again for the passage of the PACT Act. And we have said before, 
it is a framework that needed to be looked at, that needed to 
be updated, that needed to be kept up with.
    We are aware that some veterans are not covered by those 
provisions. We have attempted to engage VA. We have not really 
had many meaningful engagements about upcoming disabilities or 
presumptives that might be involved. We have not been able to 
discuss with them the conditions that are being reported to us. 
There has not been much discussion about what conditions they 
plan to review related to any other exposure. We have seen 
Federal Register notices that have been published without 
stakeholder input, and there has been a severe lack of 
transparency from VA, which is been required by the PACT Act.
    So we are aware of other maladies, diseases. We keep 
hearing about these things that VA needs to consider, but they 
have been less than forthright in coming to the table.
    Chairman Moran. Thank you for your testimony. It is 
something that we clearly, in cooperation with you, need to 
follow up, to make sure the VA follows the law.
    Let me ask next about the Guard and Reserve GI Bill Parity 
Act, also what you highlighted, National Commander. I 
appreciate the strong support of the VFW. Can you please go 
into any greater detail on why this bill is needed, what gaps 
in education benefits National Guards and Reserve components 
are currently experiencing, and how it impacts recruitment and 
retention.
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you very much again, sir. Well, I 
could answer that question for you. I would rather turn it over 
to Ms. Keenan, who is our National Legislative Director, for 
more detail.
    Chairman Moran. Ms. Keenan.
    Ms. Keenan. Thank you, Chief. I served in the National 
Guard myself, and even though I deployed twice, I only earned 
60 percent of my Post-9/11 GI Bill benefits. We know that Guard 
and Reserve members are deploying more overseas but also 
domestically, to support natural disasters, border security, 
and other missions, and currently a lot of that service does 
not count toward GI Bill eligibility.
    So we just want parity that every day in uniform, where a 
servicemember is receiving pay, counts toward their eligibility 
for Post-9/11 education benefits. Thank you.
    Chairman Moran. Thank you for your answer. I now recognize 
Chairman Bost.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Chairman. Commander, last year, 
just before Congress was leaving town, VA reported a massive 
budget shortfall that claimed that would impact the delivery of 
benefits for our veterans. It scared our veterans, okay, around 
the Nation. Now we know, though, that that was not the case. So 
moving forward, do you think it is necessary for VA to receive 
annual audits and report to Congress to prevent another 
claiming of a shortfall, scaring people? Do you think we need 
to do that?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you very much, sir, and the answer to 
that question, in one word, is yes. But to answer it a little 
more fully, and then I am going to ask Mr. Murray to follow up, 
we need to ensure that the VA is fully funded and fully 
staffed. That needs to be taken care of first.
    Mr. Murray. Chairman Bost, we are very appreciative of 
Congress stepping in to take care of that emergency funding, 
when needed. However, it turns out it might not have been. We 
fully support transparency from VA and making sure that our 
taxpayer dollars are being accounted for properly.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you. Commander, for veterans suffering 
from substance use disorder, many may need help, and showing up 
is the foundational moment in the road to recovery. Do you 
think the VA current Community Care process enables VA to get 
them into the immediate treatment that they need?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you very much, sir. I am going to ask 
Pat to give you more detail, and then I would like to follow it 
up.
    Mr. Murray. Simply, no. The ACCESS Act and the Elizabeth 
Dole Home Care Act had a provision to help try to address that. 
We want to make sure that when veterans are brave enough to 
step up and ask for help, there is someone there to answer the 
phone. There is someone there to take care of that and not send 
them away or make them wait months, drive far too long. All 
those things will hopefully save veterans' lives.
    Chairman Bost. So then I will follow up with that, because 
the passage of H.R. 740, the Veterans' ACCESS Act of 2025, 
would eliminate that red tape. Do you agree with that?
    Mr. Murray. We hope so.
    Chairman Bost. Commander, VA must be held accountable for 
care and benefits that our veterans receive. We would also like 
to see the Committee conduct more oversight of the Department 
to drive improved services to our veterans. Would you like to 
see that?
    Mr. Lipphardt. In a word, sir, absolutely.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you. I want to thank you for being 
here today, and I will yield back. I will yield back, and I 
will yield to Senator Blumenthal.
    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I want to say, 
very enthusiastically, I support the goals of the GUARD Act. I 
have been working and fighting for it. Likewise the Parity 
legislation that is so important to our Reserve and National 
Guard. They should be treated equally. There is no question 
that it is a matter of fairness.
    Chief Lipphardt, you referred to that contract that we 
make. When anyone in this room went into the service they 
raised their right hand and they swore allegiance to the 
Constitution and laws of the United States. That contract is 
legally binding on the United States of America, on this 
Congress. And we owe it to our veterans to keep our promises 
and follow the law.
    [Applause.]
    Senator Blumenthal. And that is why I am so angry and 
disappointed that the VA is firing workers who are integral to 
implementing the PACT Act, and terminating contracts that are 
essential to provide those benefits under the PACT Act.
    Would you agree with me that those workers and contracts 
should be reinstated so that the PACT Act is made fully 
available, on a timely basis, to every veteran deserving of 
care and benefits because of their toxic exposure?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you very much, Senator. We certainly 
agree that the contract must be honored. We deploy when 
ordered. We served. When I was wounded in Vietnam, I was 
wounded in the neck and the left arm with shrapnel. But instead 
of just taking my arm off, the medics took the time to just 
pick out the pieces. That is the way that we need to be 
addressing these issues. It needs to be with a scalpel and not 
just a saw. We must take time to look at what is happening, who 
it is happening to. So yes, I do.
    Senator Blumenthal. I think that is a very, very powerful 
statement of the way waste should be eliminated in the VA, not 
with a meat ax but with a surgeon's scalpel, cautiously and 
carefully. And right now my fear is that veterans are regarded 
as trash on the road to some waste removal indiscriminately, 
and draconian actions that, in fact, involve taking off the 
VA's arm in the name of eliminating waste and abuse, in fact, 
creating bigger costs as a result.
    I have two sons who have served, one in the Marine Corps in 
Afghanistan, the other is a Navy SEAL. And I worry about the VA 
being there for them, for our young people, for our future 
generation. I know the VFW is seeking to attract more younger 
veterans, and I think your powerful advocacy is going to be a 
beacon for them. I thank you for being here.
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you, sir. And again, veterans are not 
numbers. We are people. We are people that put ourselves out 
there, to secure this Nation. And we deserve to have the VA 
fully funded, fully staffed, so we can receive the best care 
available, period. So thank you again, Senator.
    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Bost [presiding]. Ranking Member Takano, you are 
recognized for 3 minutes.
    Mr. Takano. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Commander Lipphardt, 
as I mentioned in my opening, I applaud VFW's statement calling 
for an end to the indiscriminate firing of Federal employees, 
especially veterans, who make up roughly a third of the Federal 
workforce. I am worried that these haphazard cuts, 
indiscriminate cuts are going to have on the immediate and 
long-lasting impact on veterans.
    And, you know, it seems like it is fire first, analyze 
after. Cancel contracts first, analyze after. I commit to 
working with you and other VSOs willing to stand with us to 
undo these illegal and unconscionable firings.
    So Commander Lipphardt, recently VA announced the 
termination of $2 billion worth of contracts, and one of those 
contracts was the Program Office at VA tasked with the 
implementation of the PACT Act. How important is the PACT Act 
and toxic exposures to the VFW?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Senator Takano, military service is 
inherently dangerous. I think we could all agree on that. One 
of the dangers is exposure to toxins. I would like to take this 
moment to ask our members in the audience to stand up if any of 
them have been exposed to toxins at any point during their 
military career.
    [Majority of room stands.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. There is your answer.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. As you saw from our members, this issue is 
very important to us. These are the men and women who placed 
themselves between the weapons of our enemies and these shores. 
We need to be cared for. Thank you.
    Mr. Takano. Wow. All I can say is we owe you. We owe you, 
to honor the contract, to honor the PACT. Thank you. I am very 
sad to see so many affected, but this highlights the importance 
of the PACT Act and why we cannot allow the Cost of War Toxic 
Exposures Fund to be dismantled. We owe it to these veterans to 
ensure that the funding to care for them will always be 
available.
    Commander, as I mentioned in my opening, I applaud VFW's 
statement calling for the end to the indiscriminate firing of 
Federal employees. I am worried that these haphazard cuts--I 
already did that.
    You highlighted the results of VA's last survey on the VA 
health care that showed that veterans are still overwhelmingly 
preferring to get their care from VA, when available. I 
absolutely agree that there is a time and a place for community 
care, and I am concerned that continued growth its utilization 
is having a catastrophic impact on VA's direct care budget.
    What can Congress do to protect VA's direct provision of 
care, where available?
    Mr. Lipphardt. The key is consistency of care, and I am 
going to ask Mr. Murray to expound on that.
    Mr. Murray. Mr. Takano, we support community care as VA 
care. We believe it is a necessary supplement to VA care. We 
would never want that to supplant VA care, though. What we want 
is consistency. When veterans do need to access community care, 
like our members from Senator Hassan's state, New Hampshire, 
are all automatically eligible for community care because they 
do not have those facilities.
    So when veterans need to access it, they expect 
consistency, they expect to be told up front what to expect. 
That is what we want with our community care, not necessarily 
more. We want it to be better.
    Mr. Takano. Thank you. I yield back.
    Chairman Bost. Congresswoman Radewagen, you are recognized 
for 3 minutes.

              HON. AUMUA AMATA COLEMAN RADEWAGEN,
            U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM AMERICAN SAMOA

    Mrs. Radewagen. Thank you. Commander Lipphardt, in VFW's 
testimony you mentioned inconsistencies in servicemembers 
reporting to TAP on time. Can you please expand on the barriers 
servicemembers face when trying to go through the TAP program?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you, ma'am, and I would like to ask 
Ms. Keenan to expound.
    Ms. Keenan. Thank you for the question. We have heard from 
veterans that say that they were not able to get to TAP on time 
because of mission readiness. So not all servicemembers have 
the ability to choose when they have their free time because of 
the mission. So we want to be able to ensure that commanders at 
DoD take transition seriously, that there is some 
accountability, and that they can get all of their 
servicemembers who are leaving, and 80 percent of the force 
leaves before retirement. Make sure they get to those 
transition courses and that they get there on time.
    Mrs. Radewagen. Commander Lipphardt, how can this Committee 
best support veterans to ensure they have the opportunities and 
resources to maintain meaningful employment?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you, ma'am, for the question. We need 
to codify that contract.
    Mrs. Radewagen. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I yield back the 
balance of my time.
    Chairman Bost. Senator Hassan, you are recognized for 3 
minutes for your questions.

                   HON. MARGARET WOOD HASSAN,
                U.S. SENATOR FROM NEW HAMPSHIRE

    Senator Hassan. Thank you so much, Mr. Chairman, and I want 
to thank you and Chairman Moran and our Ranking Members for 
this hearing. I want to acknowledge and thank all the veterans 
who are here today, especially those from the Granite State. My 
dad was a World War II veteran who survived the Bulge, so I try 
to make sure that I honor his memory as best as I can in my 
work here.
    Commander Lipphardt, thank you for testifying here today 
and for your military service. I will add my thanks to those of 
Senator Blumenthal for your advocacy for veterans, especially 
those who are Federal employees. The recent mass layoffs within 
the Federal Government have a direct impact on both the 
veterans who have lost their jobs as well as on the service 
that they provide to our citizens, including to our other 
veterans.
    And to your point about honoring contracts, we talk about 
honoring veterans, and the best way we can do that is with 
actions and not words, which means keeping our commitment. Just 
as you all kept your commitment to our country, the country 
needs to keep its commitment to all of you, and I am committed 
to doing that.
    [Applause.]
    Senator Hassan. And I will add, my dad would have said that 
when a country begins ignoring contracts or laws, it begins to 
lose its freedom. And so I thank you all for fighting for 
freedom, and we all have to be together in this pursuit of 
maintaining it.
    [Applause.]
    Senator Hassan. Commander, I had two questions for you. As 
has been discussed, your written testimony discusses the VFW's 
most recent health survey, which showed that veterans prefer 
using VA medical facilities, but they have concerns about 
appointment availability and travel distance to VA facilities. 
I have been working with Senator Boozman on a bipartisan bill 
to help address this very issue, and I want to thank the VFW 
for their support of this bill.
    Under the VA's current process, it can be difficult for 
veterans to coordinate all of their appointments for the same 
day, something that is especially important for rural veterans 
who may have to travel long distances to receive their care. So 
this bill that Senator Boozman and I have would ensure that 
veterans can view available VA appointments and fully schedule 
them in one easy step, either by going online or placing one 
call.
    Can you please discuss the importance of making sure 
veterans have easy, reliable access to VA-provided care?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you for the question, ma'am, and I am 
going to ask Pat Murray. Mr. Murray?
    Mr. Murray. Ma'am, in an ideal world, veterans can access 
care at VA facility all in one shot.
    Senator Hassan. Yes.
    Mr. Murray. Right? Be able to go to your primary care, be 
able to stop by an orthopedics appointment, then be able to 
swing by the pharmacy on the way out. That is in an ideal 
world. That is tough to do, to try to schedule all that in one. 
Our ask, though, is in developing this scheduling tool, to the 
best extent possible, to buy it, instead of trying to develop 
their own.
    Senator Hassan. I hear you.
    Mr. Murray. VA's IT development is not good.
    Senator Hassan. I hear you, and I thank you. Mr. Chair, 
with just one other quick point, I want to highlight the work 
that the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency does. For those who 
don't know, this agency works to repatriate and identify 
American servicemembers who have gone missing, solemn work to 
show that Americans never leave a fallen comrade behind. The 
agency has accounted for almost 3,500 missing Americans since 
1973.
    And I will submit a question for the record, but as the 
Administration is looking at cutting the Pentagon's budget, I 
am concerned that the mission of the Defense POW/MIA Accounting 
Agency could be undermined or hampered, and I hope we can all 
come together to prevent that from happening. Thank you.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Bost. Congressman Hamadeh, you are recognized for 
3 minutes.

                       HON. ABE HAMADEH,
                U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM ARIZONA

    Mr. Hamadeh. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. First off, thank you 
to our distinguished guests from the Veterans of Foreign 
Affairs, Foreign Wars. As a fellow veteran, I deeply appreciate 
your organization's vital work in ensuring we fulfill our 
promises to those who have sacrificed so much for our country.
    Today I have been particularly interested in discussing how 
we can improve access to quality health care for veterans, 
especially those in suburban and rural areas within Arizona. We 
must ensure that all veterans, regardless of where they live, 
have timely access to the care and benefits they have earned. I 
appreciate your insights on these critical issues and how 
Congress can better support the VFW's mission to serve 
veterans.
    Now, Commander, the VFW has been a strong advocate for 
concurrent receipt. Can you elaborate on how the current offset 
between military retired pay and VA disability compensation 
impacts veterans?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you very much, sir, for the question, 
and it is not a compatible thing. It seems like--that we are 
combining the retirement pay with compensation. Retirement pay 
is for retirement. Compensation is for those service-connected 
disabilities that we incurred as a result of our service. They 
are two separate, distinct things, and the time is now to stop. 
It needs to be separated.
    Mr. Hamadeh. I agree.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Hamadeh. What specific legislation do you ask Congress 
to support regarding this?
    Mr. Lipphardt. I am going to ask Mr. Murray for the 
specifics.
    Mr. Murray. You start by passing the Richard Star Act.
    [Loud applause.]
    Mr. Murray. There are other parts of concurrent receipt 
that need to be addressed, as well, including those who have 
lower than a 50 percent disability rating, those who received 
separation pay from their services. Those are all being offset 
by current VA disability compensation plans. We want to 
eliminate all those. But Major Richard Star Act would be a good 
start. Seventy-five percent of Congress co-sponsored that last 
year and it never saw a single vote. We need to stop that, put 
it on the floor, pass it, and get it to the President's desk.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Hamadeh. Very good. And Commander, I know you alluded 
earlier to the PACT Act, but what feedback has the VFW gotten 
from veterans about their experiences accessing the newly 
expanded benefits in health care?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Our National Veteran Service Director, Mike 
Figlioli, sir, if you would please respond to that.
    Mr. Figlioli. Thank you, Commander in Chief. Thank you for 
the question. You know, like VA there continues to be 
challenges with wait times, access, scheduling, traveling to 
and from facilities. Generally, veterans are comfortable with 
the PACT Act, but those challenges still remain. We have still 
got to invest in IT systems that allow people access to handle 
their own case management, allow them to get into the 
facilities quicker, and make sure that everything is fully 
staffed and fully funded.
    Mr. Hamadeh. Thank you. Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Mrs. Radewagen [presiding]. Congressman Pappas, you have 3 
minutes for questions.

                       HON. CHRIS PAPPAS,
             U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM NEW HAMPSHIRE

    Mr. Pappas. Thank you very much. Commander, thank you for 
your testimony. I want to welcome all the veterans who are here 
today. This is an impressive show of force, not just for VFW 
but for veterans all across our country. And I want to give a 
special shout-out to any veterans from the ``Live Free or Die'' 
State of New Hampshire, who are joining us here.
    I was really glad, Commander--oh, we have got a couple back 
there. All right.
    Commander, I was really glad that you mentioned the GUARD 
VA Benefits Act, which, as we know, would reinstate criminal 
penalties for these claim sharks who are charging unauthorized 
fees for assisting veterans with their claims. I have to say, 
we have educated our colleagues on this issue; you have. We 
have gained a significant number of co-sponsors on a bipartisan 
basis for this bill. This is going to be the Congress where we 
get this across the finish line. We have got the claim sharks 
on the run. Let's finish the job.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Pappas. Thank you for your help in that regard, and 
your leadership. It is so important.
    I wanted to ask about another issue. You mentioned about 
breaking the cycle of overmedication, and mentioned a number of 
alternative therapies that I think are groundbreaking for 
veterans to improve quality of life and outcomes. One thing 
that I hear from veterans is about the benefit of alternative 
therapies like acupuncture and massage therapy, that can be 
really game-changing in terms of alleviating physical pain. But 
we know that therapy providers face obstacles due to VA 
reimbursement policies that sometimes limit their ability to 
care for veterans.
    So I am wondering if you could discuss the need to be able 
to focus on alternative therapies like massage therapy and the 
difference that can make for veterans.
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you, sir. I am going to ask our 
National Legislative Director, Chair. We are very lucky to have 
him on the panel today. He is very, very knowledgeable in this 
area, to include his work with Grunt Style Foundation. So I 
would like to ask Mr. Fuller to please, take that.
    Mr. Fuller. Thank you, Commander in Chief and Congressman. 
Thank you for the question. And you mentioned three great 
alternatives, and many veterans suffer from post-traumatic 
stress disorder and physical injuries. If PTSD is not treated, 
the effects could be detrimental in many ways, including the 
risk of homelessness, substance abuse, relationship problems, 
financial instability, difficulties in transitioning back to 
civilian life, or even in the worst case, suicide.
    Veterans show a willingness to confront mental health 
challenges with the alternative treatments that you mentioned, 
and we are also advocating for more access to other alternative 
modalities, so we can address our own unique mental and 
physical health challenges. These include psychedelics such as 
MDMA, psilocybin, and ibogaine, ketamine infusion, and 
cannabis, which includes medical marijuana and hemp-derived 
consumables, which were made legal by the 2018 Farm Bill.
    Our ask here is simple. We ask the VA to give veterans 
every option in the toolbox. Move beyond merely studying the 
effectiveness of these tools. And if they work, and we are 
confident that they do, start executing the implementation of 
these options. The pharmaceutical cocktail, as the lone default 
option, causes harm for many of us in this room and those that 
are watching. This must end. Our lives are at stake.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Pappas. Thank you. Thank you very much for those 
comments. And Commander, you said it--not all treatments work 
for all veterans. And we have got to be working together on an 
evidence-based approach to make sure we are opening doors of 
opportunity for veterans to get the care that works for them.
    I yield back my time.
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you, sir.
    Mrs. Radewagen. Senator Tuberville, you are now recognized 
for 3 minutes for your questions.

                     HON. TOMMY TUBERVILLE,
                   U.S. SENATOR FROM ALABAMA

    Senator Tuberville. Thank you very much, and thanks to all 
the veterans here and for your service, especially those 
traveling from Alabama. Got anybody from Alabama here?
    [Cheers.]
    Senator Tuberville. We have got to get louder than that. 
Come on.
    [Cheers.]
    Senator Tuberville. Also all the veterans service 
organizations, thanks for what you do. A lot of times your work 
goes unnoticed.
    You know, our VA operates the largest health care system in 
the United States and is one of the largest systems in the 
world. And as a member of these Committees, we must ensure our 
veterans are receiving the best around the world.
    Now, we have got to get rid of the fraud, and we have got 
to get rid of the waste. I know President Trump has taken a hit 
from a lot of people, but folks, we are not going to have a 
country if we do not get this mess all straightened out. We are 
in trouble. Our veterans are going to be in trouble if we do 
not get this straightened out. We have got to get it going in 
the right direction.
    Commander, you mentioned in your testimony dissatisfaction 
among veterans with the community care referral process. I, 
too, am very dissatisfied. I get more calls on that than 
anybody. We are at 60 percent rural in the State of Alabama, 
and we have almost 500,000 veterans. The red tape is 
disastrous. Veterans must cut through this red tape, and we 
need to be provided community care.
    Would you say your members receive mental health care more 
frequently through the VA directly or the community care 
network, Mr. Commander?
    Mr. Lipphardt. For a more complete answer, sir, I am going 
to ask Pat, Mr. Murray.
    Senator Tuberville. Okay.
    Mr. Murray. Yes, and that one, Senator, we will take for 
the record and get back to you. We actually do not know the 
breakdown of the mental health care they receive in the 
community versus at VA, but we would be more than happy to 
learn more about that. I believe there a bill coming up in the 
Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee next week that looks to 
maybe address that.


------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
VFW Response: The VFW does not currently have data from our members on
 mental health care usage through direct VA care compared to VA's
 community care network. We will discuss potentially including more
 questions on mental health care usage in future surveys.
 
VFW survey data from 2024 indicates high satisfaction with VA health
 care. Of the 3145 respondents, 77% were enrolled in VA health care. Of
 the participants enrolled in VA health care, 85% said they would
 recommend VA health care to others.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


    Senator Tuberville. Mr. Murray, let me ask you this. If a 
veteran gets denied community care, what is your advice to 
these veterans, if they get denied community care and are told, 
``Hey, you've got to drive 3 hours to a VA.'' What is your 
advice to them?
    Mr. Murray. My advice would be to urge that if they are 
eligible for community care, based on drive time or wait time 
access, to press that issue, because that is what the MISSION 
Act put in place. That is the law. We want VA to adhere to the 
law. When applicable, community care is incredibly helpful. So 
if a veteran will receive better care through the community, 
instead of driving 3 hours, for example, then yes, we want that 
to be the case.
    Senator Tuberville. Yes, there is no doubt. In a lot of 
states, community care is going to have to be a necessity, 
because veterans can't drive for hours and hours.
    Commander Lipphardt, in your testimony you mentioned the 
importance of veterans having accessible treatments. I have got 
a bill on the floor, hyperbaric chambers, where veterans can 
use a hyperbaric chamber. I am being fought at every turn. What 
is your thought on that?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you very much, Senator. I am going to 
send it back to Mr. Fuller.
    Senator Tuberville. Thank you.
    Mr. Fuller. Senator, as you may have heard me say earlier, 
we advocate for all alternatives, like the hyperbaric oxygen 
chamber, which has proven to be an effective treatment for 
traumatic brain injury, PTSD, and tissue regeneration, which 
can prevent amputations. It has proven very effective, and I 
would bet you have a good understanding of TBI and CTE as a 
former football coach.
    Senator Tuberville. Exactly.
    Mr. Fuller. So it is effective, and it is something that we 
will advocate for.
    Senator Tuberville. It helps football players. It helps 
anybody with concussions----
    Mr. Fuller. Yes, sir.
    Senator Tuberville [continuing]. And it damn sure would 
help veterans, and we need to get that done.
    Mr. Fuller. Yes, sir.
    Senator Tuberville. Thank you very much.
    Mr. Fuller. Yes, sir.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. And I just would like to add one thing to 
that, and it is kind of a general for all our conversations 
this morning. I don't think there is any group of people that 
appreciates effort more than a member of the Veterans of 
Foreign Wars. Actually, all veterans appreciate effort. But, 
you know, it is achievement that we can celebrate. Until it is 
done, it ain't done, and we have got to get it done.
    [Applause.]
    Mrs. Radewagen. Representative Morrison, you are now 
recognized for 3 minutes for your questions.

                      HON. KELLY MORRISON,
               U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM MINNESOTA

    Dr. Morrison. Thank you, Madam Chair. Thank you, Commander 
Lipphardt, and all the witnesses for being here to testify 
today. I just want to start by saying, as the daughter-in-law 
of a disabled Vietnam veteran and the wife of an Army combat 
veteran, I want to offer my profound gratitude to every veteran 
in this room.
    Last week, I received the devastating news that the VA's 
mass firings hit the Minneapolis VA, which serves veterans in 
my district. My team and I have heard some truly gut-wrenching 
stories about employees who are terminated--combat veterans, 
disabled veterans, people who put their lives on the line to 
defend our country, people who may not have served but were 
honored to work for those who did. All of them, terminated 
without cause, through no fault of their own.
    In my view, there are two big problems here. First, the 
impact on VA's ability to deliver care and benefits to our 
veterans. The Minneapolis VA is already dealing with staffing 
shortages. The last thing we should be doing is firing people 
for no good reason. And as a doctor, let me tell you, the whole 
team plays a role in optimizing the delivery of care, from the 
provider to the facilities workers to the person who greets the 
veteran at the door.
    My second point is one that I think we need to be talking 
about more. Veterans make up a tiny percentage of the 
population, but 30 percent of our Federal workforce are 
veterans. So if you slash 1,000 Federal jobs, odds are you are 
putting about 300 veterans out of work. And at the VA we are 
talking about firing veterans who made the conscious decision 
to serve their fellow veterans, after serving their country.
    So regardless of whether or not you agree with the wave of 
terminations we are seeing across the Federal Government, I 
think it is clear that these actions will disproportionately 
harm veterans, which is incredibly troubling to me.
    So Commander Lipphardt, my first question for you is 
simple. Do you think firing thousands of VA employees will be 
helpful or harmful for your members?
    Mr. Lipphardt. With all due respect, ma'am [laughter], it 
is going to kill us.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. Of course it is going to impact us. To me, 
there is nothing more sacred than taking care of those who 
served this Nation, who stopped their own lives to give service 
to this Nation. And it has got to be fixed. It has got to be 
fixed.
    We have 1.4 million members. Those are our members. That is 
not who we represent. We represent 18 million veterans, all 
veterans. All veterans need to be respected, need to be treated 
with respect. They have been honorably discharged. Thank you, 
ma'am.
    [Applause.]
    Dr. Morrison. Thank you. Sir, if you would allow me one 
more brief question. I can say confidently that preventing 
veteran suicide is a top priority of every member here today, 
House and Senate, Democrat and Republican. We know that access 
to mental health care is essential. But can you share a little 
bit more about how transition assistance and housing access can 
also have a role to play in eliminating veteran suicide?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you, ma'am. I am going to ask Pat, Mr. 
Murray, because he has got some examples of what is happening.
    Dr. Morrison. Thank you.
    Mr. Murray. Thank you, Commander. Ma'am, we know that there 
is more to combatting veteran suicide than simply mental health 
appointments. We have heard too often that at VA it is their 
number one clinical priority. It needs to be the number one 
priority, period.
    We are very focused on also the benefits that can help 
alleviate that, including housing. Things like a roof over your 
head, food on your table, being gainfully employed, money in 
your wallet can be preventers to help veterans from starting to 
take that negative slide and ultimately make a fatal final 
decision.
    So housing is one of the key components that we see as 
keeping veterans not just from dying by suicide but helping 
launch them forward for success. That is really what we want to 
focus on, making veterans the best Americans that they can be.
    Dr. Morrison. Thank you very much, and a shout-out to any 
Minnesota vets out there.
    [Cheers.]
    Chairman Moran [presiding]. The Chair now recognizes 
Senator Sullivan.

                       HON. DAN SULLIVAN,
                    U.S. SENATOR FROM ALASKA

    Senator Sullivan. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Commanders, 
veterans, great to see you.
    Last year I retired, after 30 years on active duty and in 
the Reserve in the United States Marine Corps.
    [Cheers.]
    Senator Sullivan. I knew that would get a shout-out. So I 
am now joining another esteemed group of Americans and 
Alaskans. I am officially a United States veteran. I love that.
    [Applause.]
    Senator Sullivan. I am a proud member of VFW Post 9785 in 
Eagle River, Alaska.
    [Applause.]
    Senator Sullivan. Now, I know my fellow Alaskans, we travel 
far for these meetings. I know we have some here, hopefully in 
the audience. Any Alaskans? By the way, Alaska has more 
veterans per capita than any state in the country. I have some 
of my fellow Alaska veterans in the audience. How about a round 
of applause for them, traveling the furthest way, maybe with 
the exception of Hawaii.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Moran. Senator Sullivan, with all due respect, you 
have 3 minutes time.
    [Laughter.]
    Senator Sullivan. I am just very happy to see everybody.
    Let me begin by an issue that I know the VFW and the 
American Legion have all really supported, and I just want to 
thank you, but I want you to keep an eye on it. This is the 
Camp Lejeune Act that passed. You are seeing ads on TV, 
relentless ads. They are not helpful ads. We passed that act to 
help sick Marines and their families from Camp Lejeune, and the 
TV ads are all these law firms that are charging 60 to 70 
percent contingency fees to take the money from the sick Marine 
families and put it in their pockets. That is one of the most 
disgusting things I have seen in my 10 years in the U.S. 
Senate.
    Commander, can I just get your commitment, working with all 
the VSOs, the Department of Justice, and others, to not allow 
that to happen, where these law firms were doing these ads? 
Billions of dollars of ads, by the way, not to help Marines but 
to take their money. Can I get your commitment? The law firms 
will get paid, to a certain degree, but no 60 and 70 percent 
contingency fees. That is highway robbery. Commander, can I get 
your commitment on that, staying with us?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Absolutely. VFW is committed.
    Senator Sullivan. Thank you. All right.
    [Applause.]
    Senator Sullivan. Thank you. We have got to take care of 
sick Marines and their families, not law firms that do not need 
the extra money.
    One final question I have. I know it matters to a number of 
my colleagues. Senator King and I are actually working on 
legislation with Senator Cramer, that we are going to be 
introducing soon, called Supporting Rural Veterans Access to 
Healthcare Services. In big states like ours that are very 
rural, our veterans, who live in rural communities, have a 
harder time accessing their services. But they have earned 
their benefits, just like anyone who lives in a big city.
    So can we work with the VFW once we introduce it to get 
your support on this bill, that really tries to emphasize 
making sure every veteran, whether you live in a big city or a 
small little community in rural Alaska or rural Maine, gets the 
benefits that they have earned. Can I get your commitment to 
work with the VFW on this important bill?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Absolutely, sir. We will certainly be 
honored to work with you.
    Senator Sullivan. Great. Thank you. Thank you very much, 
Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Moran. Senator Sullivan, thank you, and thank you 
for your service.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Moran. Now, Representative Conaway.

                       HON. HERB CONAWAY,
              U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM NEW JERSEY

    Dr. Conaway. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. As a veteran myself, 
hailing from New Jersey, I want to express my gratitude for 
you, Mr. Lipphardt, for your testimony, for your colleagues 
here who have offered valuable information to this Committee, 
to help our deliberations.
    As Members of Congress, it is our responsibility to ensure 
that every veteran receives high-quality medical care and 
mental health services. We heard today you do not leave a 
comrade in the field, and I fear that across many 
administrations we have been doing exactly that, and it is 
shameful and it needs to end. I would add, we do not leave an 
ally in the field either, and sadly we are seeing that, as 
well.
    Increased enrollment in VA care, it is important that we 
prioritize equipping our medical facilities with tools and 
technology of the 21st century so that veterans can get the 
care they richly deserve.
    We have heard about canceled contracts. We have heard about 
mass firings across various facilities in our country. And as a 
practicing physician myself, and worked in hospitals for much 
of my career, I understand fully well how important it is that 
a team is there and ready and willing to take care of those who 
present themselves for care.
    And we know that many veterans, particularly as they are 
leaving the service, suffer from PTSD, they might have 
experienced military sexual trauma, anxiety, stress, and other 
mental health and addictive disorders, just to name a few.
    What is your thought about the shortfalls that we are 
seeing in health services for our veterans? Do you agree with 
me that we are seeing shortfalls, and are there particular 
things that you would like to see the VA do in respect to those 
deficiencies?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you very much, sir, and again, for a 
more detailed answer--I am kind of a big picture guy. I am not 
the detail guy. So I am going to ask Mr. Murray.
    Dr. Conaway. Always travel with one. That is a good idea.
    Chairman Moran. Mr. Murray.
    Mr. Murray. Thank you, Chief. Sir, we have already heard 
for many years that VA has been struggling to fill all these 
vacancies. There are tens of thousands of open positions that 
VA cannot fill. What we have seen in the past few weeks is the 
indiscriminate firing of people, not for performance but simply 
because they are in a probationary status.
    In order to get those services that veterans have earned, 
it needs to be a fully staffed and fully funded VA. There are 
examples all across the country. In fact, we are joined here by 
Mike Slater, who gave us this picture at the Vet Center in 
Springfield, Massachusetts. ``Due to abrupt and unplanned staff 
shortages, we are not able to greet you at this time. If you 
have a scheduled appointment, your counselor will be out to get 
you at the time of your appointment. If you are here for any 
other reason, please call and leave a message. We apologize for 
this impact on your care.''
    That is reducing services for veterans. Vet Centers are 
critical points of contact for VA. If we want to improve 
services, we have got to make sure that people are there to 
actually answer the phones and greet them at the door, when 
they show up for that care.
    [Applause.]
    Dr. Conaway. And yet we have seen the indiscriminate 
cancellation of contract design to make sure that we are 
recruiting health care providers into VA care. And, of course, 
as we have heard, and I think it needs to be put in this, if 
you cancel contracts and there are statutes and there are 
constitutional mandates, then you don't have your freedom. And 
we have got to make sure that stops.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I appreciate it. Thank you, 
veterans.
    Chairman Moran. Senator Hirono.

                     HON. MAZIE K. HIRONO,
                    U.S. SENATOR FROM HAWAII

    Senator Hirono. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I am glad to join 
my colleagues from both the House and Senate today, and it is 
good to see all of the veterans out there. I think every state 
is represented, from what I heard in the time that I have been 
here. But of course, I want to acknowledge, I hope, the 
presence of the people from Hawaii. I hope you are still out 
there.
    [Cheers.]
    Senator Hirono. Yes, Okay. You deserve to get a shout-out.
    Each of us sits on a number of committees. I sit on five. 
But one thing about the Veterans' Committee is that we each 
have a commitment to listen to and working with the veterans to 
be of assistance. I cannot say that about every committee that 
I sit on, but this is one Committee where we are united in 
wanting to be of service to all of you who have been of service 
to our country.
    So we have, through so much of the advocacy that you have 
presented to us, made some major legislation, most recently, of 
course, the PACT Act. But we have the Dole Act. We have had the 
Isakson and Roe Act. We have had a number of very significant 
pieces of legislation that have served to help veterans, and 
that is so much because of your advocacy and your continuing 
pointing out to us that more needs to be done in terms of, for 
example, the area of PTSD care, suicide. Women veterans, yes, 
women veterans, finally acknowledging that women veterans 
should have care that is very specialized to them. So thank you 
very much.
    We are in the midst of thousands of people getting fired, 
and as mentioned, every group that gets fired, because right 
now they happen to be in probationary status, includes a lot of 
veterans. So it is not just the VA that fired, most recently, 
1,400 people who are on probationary status, but you have the 
DoD, Department of Defense, you have the Department of Justice. 
Thousands of people are getting fired, not because of any 
indication of fraud or waste but indiscriminate firings.
    So there is chaos and fear all across the country at the 
moment. This is not the way to run a government. This is 
certainly no way to treat Federal workers, of whom many are 
veterans. And at the same time, the 1,400 people from VA were 
fired, we get a notice that some 300,000 job openings need to 
be filled at the VA. And in Hawaii, just in Hawaii, in our 
system, we have 5,000 vacancies.
    Now there are a lot of other departments that have had to 
deal with a hiring freeze, but because of the hue and cry and 
the need for the veterans, the hiring freeze was lifted for the 
VA. But we are talking about hundreds of thousands of 
vacancies. [Pause.] The word ``crazy'' comes to mind.
    So as we continue to work with you, I just want you all to 
know that so many of us have been here to reinforce our 
commitment to work with you. I will continue to do so, because 
obviously there is a lot more that needs to be done. And I want 
to thank the Chairs of both the House and Senate Committees for 
this hearing, and each one of you. And, Commander, thank you so 
much for coming here with your team. Aloha.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Moran. Senator Hirono, thank you. And I recognize 
Senator King.

                    HON. ANGUS S. KING, JR.,
                    U.S. SENATOR FROM MAINE

    Senator King. Thank you, Mr. Chair. I don't think it has 
been noted yet that this hearing happens to fall on a very 
appropriate day, the only day of the year that is a military 
command, March 4th.
    [Applause.]
    Senator King. And we should be marching forth on the GUARD 
Act, on the Richard Star Act, and on protecting our veterans 
that work for the U.S. Government. Marching forth.
    [Applause.]
    Senator King. Go ahead, Mr. Commander.
    Mr. Lipphardt. I was just going to say thank you for your 
invitation to come back.
    [Laughter.]
    Senator King. Yes, sir. Any time.
    Mr. Lipphardt. We remembered 1930.
    Senator King. Any time. Any time.
    These staffing cuts. Now, we talked about 1,400. Actually, 
there have been 2,400 firings at the VA, but then there was the 
hiring freeze, which left a couple of thousand places open. So 
we are really down 5,000 people in the last month at the VA.
    And here is how random it is. First they were going to have 
the hiring freeze apply to doctors and nurses, and then they 
said, ``Oh no, those are direct care workers. We are going to 
exempt them.'' If nobody is there to answer the phone when a 
veteran calls for an appointment, that is a denial of benefits.
    [Applause.]
    Senator King. And I think the point has been made, about 30 
percent of Federal employees are veterans, so when you see a 
headline that says 1,000 people fired at the CIA or wherever it 
is, that is 300 veterans. In our hospital in Togus, in Maine, 
we just had 7 people laid off; 5 were veterans. That is a hell 
of a way to treat somebody who has put their life on the line 
for this country.
    Mr. Lipphardt. Absolutely.
    Senator King. So the other piece that you ought to realize, 
they say they are firing people who are on probation, and 
probation meaning go to work in the last year or two. In the 
Federal Government, if you are promoted you are on probation. 
So you can have somebody that has worked for an Agency, for the 
VA, for 10 years. They get promoted, they happen to be on 
probation, and they are getting fired. And I hate the picture 
of that guy with the chainsaw, laughing about firing people 
from our government.
    [Applause.]
    Senator King. In fact, you put it really well in your 
statement. I love it. You said, ``I was wounded in combat 
during Vietnam. I am thankful that medics who treated me chose 
not to take my whole arm for the sake of efficiency. It took a 
trained eye, a skillful hand, and human intuition to fix me up 
and get me back in the fight.''
    Here is the quote: ``in my experience, those operating with 
a scalpel have a better chance of saving limbs than those who 
operate with a chainsaw.''
    Thank you, Mr. Commander, for making that statement.
    Another point is transition. In my view, we should be 
putting as much money, time, and effort into the transition out 
as we do on the recruiting in.
    Mr. Lipphardt. Yes, sir.
    Senator King. That is a real disservice to veterans.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. Absolutely.
    Senator King. And finally--my wife says I say ``finally'' 
too much and it gets people's hopes up [laughter]--but finally, 
your voice, is more important right now than perhaps it has 
ever been. We need to hear from the veterans of America. They 
need to speak up about what is going on and how we protect 
those who, as I said, when they signed up for their job, put 
their lives on the line for this country.
    So thanks to the VFW. Thanks for your advocacy. Keep at it. 
We need you.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lipphardt. Senator, thank you. Thank you very much. And 
please know that the Veterans of Foreign Wars has changed the 
direction. We are moving forward. You are going to hear from 
us, and you are going to see us a lot more. So thank you.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Moran. Senator King, thank you. Senator Banks is 
recognized.

                        HON. JIM BANKS,
                   U.S. SENATOR FROM INDIANA

    Senator Banks. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you to 
all of you for being here. As the only Hoosier on the House or 
Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee, the work that goes on in 
this Committee is so important, but we can't do our job without 
the help of all of you. So on behalf of all the Hoosiers in the 
room, it is an honor to represent you, and all of the fellow 
veterans who are here, thank you for your important work.
    Commander, I am new to the Senate. I served in the House 
for 8 years. I served on the House Committee for 6 of those 8 
years. I am rolling up my sleeves and I am getting to work on a 
lot of issues important to veterans and all of you.
    So real quickly, I am preparing to reintroduce legislation 
that I worked on in the House to refund certain veterans their 
Montgomery GI Bill contributions, who later became eligible for 
the Post-9/11 GI Bill. Is that something we can work on 
together?
    Mr. Lipphardt. In a word, sir, absolutely. And I would like 
to call on Ms. Keenan for some detail on the legislation.
    Senator Banks. Very good.
    Chairman Moran. Ms. Keenan.
    Ms. Keenan. Yes, thank for the question. We are happy to 
work with your office to look at that. That kind of money back 
for student veterans can be really beneficial at a critical 
time where they are going to need that funding. So love the 
idea and happy to work with your office.
    Senator Banks. Very good. Secondly, Commander, I am also 
working on legislation to make sure that veterans can always be 
buried with their spouses, regardless of what kind of burial 
they choose. Is that something we can work on together, as 
well?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Again, sir, thank you very much, and the 
answer is absolutely.
    Senator Banks. I look forward to that, and I appreciate 
that very much.
    Commander, the VA has been cooperating with nonprofit 
mental health organizations and public-private partnerships to 
prevent veteran suicides. Since Congress passed the Commander 
John Scott Hannon Act, that you all were such a big part of 
helping us get over the finish line, and other legislation, 
what results have we seen from those efforts and how can we 
expand them?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you very much sir, and I am going to 
ask Pat to respond for the specifics.
    Mr. Murray. Thank you, Chief. Senator Banks, we know that 
some of those community connections, whether it is with mental 
health or whether it is with transition, that is where the 
rubber meets the road. That is what we want to see, because 
they are the folks that are in the community that know these 
things. VA can do a great job for a lot of these, but they 
cannot do it for everything. We want to really focus, put 
resources into some of those great organizations in the 
community that can really effect change. The Commander John 
Scott Hannon Act provided that. We want to make sure that those 
connections, those contracts, and that funding stay in place 
for that critical mission.
    Senator Banks. Very good. My last question, Mr. Commander, 
the VA has been resistant to new approaches when it comes to 
leasing and construction. It takes the VA about 5 years to 
lease a clinic and 10 to 20 years to build a new hospital. 
Similar to the innovation in mental health, how do you think 
that the VA should be partnering with local governments and 
private health care systems to develop new medical facilities?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Again, sir, thank you very much, and I am, 
again, going to ask Pat to respond.
    Mr. Murray. Thank you, Commander. Senator, VA construction 
is behind. If you look at the $130 billion worth of backlog, 
there is a lot that needs to be done. They need to figure out 
more dynamic ways to do that, like the private sector does. If 
you look at other major health systems, like Kaiser, they put 3 
percent of their operating budget into their infrastructure. VA 
is closer to 1 percent.
    There are certain things you can do to move the process 
along so you are not designing, then bidding, then building. 
There is an integrated way you can do that that will hopefully 
shorten the length of the overall construction contracts. But 
we need to make sure that VA also has proper staffing at 
Central Office for the project management positions. We do not 
have to talk about doctors and nurses, but there are people 
that oversee the building of VA facilities. They need some help 
there, as well.
    Senator Banks. I agree. I look forward to working on that 
with you, and all those other issues. Thank you again for being 
here. God bless. I yield back.
    Chairman Moran. Senator Banks, thank you. Senator Gallego.

                      HON. RUBEN GALLEGO,
                   U.S. SENATOR FROM ARIZONA

    Senator Gallego. Thank you, and Senator Banks, I would join 
you because I am one of those veterans, actually, that paid 
into the GI but never used the modern GI Bill. So you have got 
a co-sponsor there.
    Thank you again to Veterans of Foreign Wars for being here.
    [Applause.]
    Senator Gallego. Look at that. Things get done. I am glad 
my dues are going to something like this. I am a member of 
Chapter 720 in Scottsdale, so thank you again for everything 
you do.
    Honestly, I am concerned. The guys I serve with are 
relatively young. We were in Iraq in 2005. They are in their 
early 40s, and they have committed their lives to service. They 
left the war and then came back, and they are working for 
different parts of the DoD, VA and other parts of the 
government, and they are scared. They feel like they are being 
disrespected. They passed up good, lucrative careers in the 
private sector because they wanted to have a mission-oriented 
job that was still in service to the country. And now some of 
them are questioning about whether they are going to be able to 
pay the rent if something goes bad, or the mortgage. And the 
fact that veterans are being treated this way, in such a 
disgraceful manner, by the guy with the chainsaw and a bunch of 
20-year-old kids that probably have served or even gotten close 
to a weapon ever in their lives, really scares the heck out of 
me.
    So I really encourage, obviously, us to worry about our 
veterans that are being serviced in the VA, but when 30 percent 
of the workforce is veterans, and we know, at least from my 
experience coming back from the war, the thing that was the 
most stabilizing for me coming back with PTSD was that I was 
able to get a job right away, but the fact that 30 percent of 
our workforce is potentially endangered and fired, you could 
really put these men and women into a very hard situation.
    But more to the VA, Commander Lipphardt. What concerns do 
your members have about the way these cuts are being handled, 
and what would you ask those making these types of staffing and 
budget decisions to take into account before acting on VA cuts 
or layoffs, or even just the reparametering of contracts that 
are very important for veterans, veteran outreach, and suicide 
hotlines?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you very much, sir. I am going to ask 
a member of the panel here who, I believe, shared the same dirt 
that you did while you were deployed, and that is Mr. Murray.
    Chairman Moran. Mr. Murray.
    Mr. Murray. Thank you, Chief. Senator, I believe we 
probably just crossed paths. I was there in '06.
    You have our commitment to make sure that these cuts, these 
firings, are stopped. We often care about veteran unemployment. 
If we do not care about veterans not having jobs then what are 
the Veterans of Foreign Wars doing here? That is something that 
we have to make sure stays in place. Because while every 
position may not be deemed essential, you know, per government 
shutdown rules, they are very important positions, as we 
highlighted, the people who answer the phones. We need to make 
sure that these veterans are gainfully employed, and the ones 
who are high performers are not let go indiscriminately.
    Senator Gallego. Thank you.
    Chairman Moran. Thank you, Senator. Senator Cassidy.

                       HON. BILL CASSIDY,
                  U.S. SENATOR FROM LOUISIANA

    Senator Cassidy. Thank you. Thank you all for being here. 
Happy Mardi Gras to my people from Louisiana and for everybody 
who wishes you were from Louisiana, if only on Mardi Gras day.
    [Laughter and cheers.]
    Senator Cassidy. Mr. Lipphardt, in your testimony you 
talked about how investing in technology can help with the 
backlog for veteran benefit applications. Way back when, 
multiple Secretaries ago, I remember asking him something, and 
he said the main point we should be about is the veteran.
    And so with that spirit, I have thought about how AI could 
take a stack of papers required for someone's application for 
you name it, and in 5 minutes has done everything that has to 
be done for a human to sit there and review it intelligently. 
Wouldn't that be great? Because I think I have learned that it 
can take up to 40 days for the VA claims management system to 
simply register a new claim submission. If 40 days is shrunk to 
5 minutes, or 30 seconds, how much better is it for the 
veteran? That is where I am coming at this from.
    And by the way, we know that if you miss the deadline then 
everything starts over. So if you can catch the deadline, even 
if you suddenly realize that there is something else you have 
to add, and it can just quickly put it back in, how much better 
for the veteran?
    Is there anything else--and I am struck. I do not mean to 
offend you, but you might be like the oldest guy on the panel. 
So I am struck that maybe the oldest guy is the one who is 
talking about using tech in order to make things work better 
for the veteran. What other ideas do you have, or anyone else 
has, how we can do this, so that we can kind of channel it into 
our conversations with Secretary Collins to maybe up the game?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you very much, sir, and I guess my 
first comment, relative to that, is that is 2025. Technology is 
here. We need to use technology. That is how we are going to 
move ahead. The Department of Defense has implemented it. It is 
about time that the Veterans Administration adds it.
    I would like for Pat to be a little more specific.
    Chairman Moran. Mr. Murray.
    Mr. Figlioli. Mr. Figlioli.
    Chairman Moran. Sorry.
    Mr. Figlioli. Thank you, Commander in Chief. Senator, we 
are looking at AI. We understand its value and its processing 
times will be reduced for claims, especially when VA is 
processing more claims than ever. VA is using AI in some areas 
already for certain disabilities, looking at that evidence, 
trying to get that claim granted as quickly as possible. So it 
is not out of the question. It is here. As the Commander in 
Chief said, it is the way of the world, very similar to looking 
at health records and other advancements.
    AI on the way. Getting those claims processed faster, 
absolutely. The transformation of the electronic health record, 
which is another electronic initiative, I think that needs to 
be completed, as well.
    But again, if we do not look forward, we end up looking 
backward. And we need to keep pushing VA forward to invest in 
IT infrastructure, make sure the programs are up to date, 
people are trained on them, and those programs are fully 
funded.
    Senator Cassidy. So I am a physician, as well. So you are 
discussing--I am over but I will quickly finish up. You also 
bring in the electronic health records. Part of the problem in 
some of this, is this related to service activity or not, is 
there is so much noise and you have got to get the signal. And 
I think what you are saying is that if we use AI and couple it 
with our massive amount of electronic health record data, we 
could pick out the signal of that which is, my gosh, this is 
service-related after all, we were never able to detect it 
before, and that is one more way we can serve the veteran.
    Mr. Figlioli. I would agree with that, and we also, at the 
same time, the only run-in on AI may not be exactly it. People 
still make mistakes. Machines make mistakes. Working with AI I 
think has its place, but it also needs to be subject to human 
review.
    Senator Cassidy. A human has to be in the loop. I am 
totally with you on that.
    Mr. Figlioli. Yes, sir.
    Senator Cassidy. Thank you all for your service. Once more, 
Happy Mardi Gras.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Moran. Senator Cassidy, thank you.
    Before we close out this panel and transition to our second 
panel, let me again thank you, Commander. I often give our 
witnesses the chance to provide any additional momentary 
thoughts, things that you wanted to correct if you made any 
errors, or anything you would like to make certain that you 
reiterate. Commander?
    Mr. Lipphardt. Thank you very much, sir. I would like to 
just, again, comment about the contract. You know, contracts 
are contracts. There is an obligation there. I wish we could go 
back to shaking hands, because my word is my bond. It is the 
only thing that belongs to you. It is the only thing that 
belongs to me. Our word must be honored, and that is all we are 
asking.
    As Senator Ossoff introduced, my life's mantra is, 
``Believe in what you do. Do what you believe in.'' And I know 
that is what this Committee does. I know that you are 
dedicated. But again, where are we frustrated here, as 
veterans? Efforts appreciated, but we have got to get across 
the goal line.
    I am an Army guy. I remember the Army-Navy game from a 
couple of years ago. Navy had the ball, on the goal line. It 
was like 6 inches away, and the touchdown, it would have 
changed the game. But they made a good effort, but they did not 
get it across the goal line, and so Army celebrated. We 
celebrated.
    [Laughter.]
    I am so honored to have been here.
    Unidentified Voice. I object.
    Mr. Lipphardt. I am so honored that we have so many of our 
members as well as others here in the room. It is just, I 
think, is a testimony to the passion that we feel and the 
change that we are making to better serve you.
    Chairman Moran. Commander, we also feel that. We thank you 
and your members and your leadership team for being with us 
today.
    I smiled when you said what you said because occasionally I 
am complimented--occasionally I am complimented--for my 
efforts. And my standard response is, ``Someday I would like to 
be complimented for my results.''
    Mr. Lipphardt. There you go. Absolutely.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Moran. And we are going to take a brief recess. 
Commander, I am going to come down and shake your hand, in the 
days of shaking hand meaning something important. It still 
means something important to me. But we are going to recess.
    We would ask the VFW audience, as they depart, to depart on 
this side, and your colleagues with other VSOs--we will see if 
this works--will come in the room on this side. Let's see a lot 
of organization from the VFW.
    We stand at recess.
    [Recess.]
    Chairman Moran. The Committee will return to order, and we 
will proceed to a second panel of witnesses, and we are, as we 
said earlier, delighted that you are here. We will say it again 
in this setting. Thank you very much for your presence, for 
your members and other veterans who are joining us today in 
this hearing room. And this is our final panel of four panels 
for the joint sessions that we have had for a long history.
    With us today, our second panel consists of Mr. Robert 
Thomas, the National President of the Paralyzed Veterans of 
America; Ms. Allison Jaslow, Chief Executive Officer of the 
Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America; Mr. Jared Lyon, 
National President and Chief Executive Officer for the Student 
Veterans of America; Major Bonnie Carroll, President and 
Founder of Tragedy Assistance Program for Survivors; Meredith 
Beck, Vice President for Government Affairs and Community 
Engagement at the Elizabeth Dole Foundation; and Ms. Kathryn 
Monet, Chief Executive Officer for the National Coalition for 
Homeless Veterans.
    I looked at the list of witnesses on this second panel 
before I attempted to pronounce your names, and there was no 
one that I thought I was going to have any difficulty with. But 
my takeaway, in addition to that relief that I know how to 
pronounce your names, is there is no one on this panel that I 
do not know, no one on this panel that this Committee has not 
worked well with, and we are delighted to have the opportunity 
to hear from each of you today.
    With that, let us begin to do so, and I now recognize Mr. 
Thomas, Paralyzed Veterans of America.

                            PANEL II

                              ----------                              


   STATEMENT OF ROBERT THOMAS, NATIONAL PRESIDENT, PARALYZED 
                      VETERANS OF AMERICA

    Mr. Thomas. Chairman Moran, Chairman Bost, and Members of 
the Committees, thank you for the opportunity to testify on 
behalf of the tens of thousands of veterans with spinal cord 
injuries and disorders.
    Today I want to focus on PVA's top priority, preserving 
VA's specialty care system, specifically the VA's preeminent 
system of care for veterans with spinal cord injuries and 
disorders.
    On more than one occasion I have testified before these 
Committees about our concerns that the SCI/D system of care is 
being slowly starved of staffing, infrastructure upgrades, and 
funding needed to ensure its survival, not for the sake of VA 
but for the sake of the veterans it serves.
    My friend, Rick, a fellow PVA member, received care in the 
community for 8 years for his SCI, until he was introduced to 
the VA's SCI/D system of care. Once under VA care, his health 
improved. He believes he would have died if he had not begun to 
receive specialized health care from VA medical professionals 
who understand our injuries and illnesses.
    Despite best intentions, community health care providers 
are not as well equipped to meet our complex needs. That is why 
so many veterans like myself choose care provided by the VA. 
The entire model is designed with us in mind. That is why 
thousands of PVA members and their families and supports have 
signed a petition opposing any effort to dismantle the VA's 
SCI/D system of care and the lifesaving services it provides. 
We choose VA.
    Unfortunately, this system is facing challenges of epic 
proportions, and the consequences if not addressed now will 
prove devastating for veterans with specialized health care 
needs.
    For example, more than 25 SCI/D centers can only use half 
its beds because staffing vacancies exceed 50 percent. The 
leadership there recently denied again the center's request to 
backfill vacancies. As a result, overtime is increasing, and we 
expect additional resignations due to burnout and/or closures 
of additional SCI beds.
    Staffing shortages in the system are not new. The SCI/D 
system of care has been short hundreds of nurses for years, 
with total staffing vacancies hovering around 35 percent. The 
Department has been concealing its vacancy problems through the 
use of overtime, which, if taken away, may reveal much more 
staffing issues. Without proper staffing, veterans may be 
forced to accept care in the community, even when it is not the 
quality or type of care they would receive at a VA facility, 
and most importantly, when it is not their decision to do so.
    In addition to staffing shortages, the system also 
continues to suffer from infrastructure deficiencies. The 
average age of an SCI/D center is nearly 40 years old. 
Consequently, we saw major incidents at several centers last 
year. For example, a plumbing system failure at one facility 
flooded half of the center. It took one month to repair the 
system, restore the impacted areas, and move patients back to 
the SCI/D center.
    We call on Congress to invest in necessary funds to ensure 
sufficient specialty care staffing and address infrastructure 
deficiencies to meet the demands for care.
    For those of us with catastrophic injuries, VA is the 
cornerstone of our care. The cause of inaction is clear. The 
lives of veterans like Rick and myself and thousands of other 
veterans with SCI/D are at stake.
    In recent weeks there have been many changes in Federal 
Government staffing and funding. While we understand and 
generally support the underlying desire for veterans to 
streamline access to the care and benefits, the arbitrary and 
haphazard way that these efforts are being approached is 
failing that mission and harming veterans.
    PVA members are concerned that VA-provided care will not be 
available in the future, and that the lifesaving research will 
be curtailed. Even though many clinical providers may be 
protected by staffing changes, not all are included, including 
recreational therapists who help teach veterans with SCI/D how 
to reengage in the social part of community following a 
catastrophic disability. They are equally concerned about 
access to benefits like home modifications being delayed 
because of new staffing shortages.
    How can we expect physicians, nurses, claims raters, 
vocational rehab counselors, and other staff to be focused on 
their mission to care for the veterans while the specter of 
losing their jobs hangs over their heads? They carry the 
workload of multiple positions. They can't. As the body charged 
with VA oversight, I urge you to act before veterans are harmed 
any further.
    I would be happy to answer any questions you may have.

    [The prepared statement of Mr. Thomas appears on page 89 of 
the Appendix.]

    Chairman Moran. Mr. Thomas, thank you. Ms. Jaslow.

STATEMENT OF ALLISON JASLOW, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, IRAQ AND 
                AFGHANISTAN VETERANS OF AMERICA

    Ms. Jaslow. Chairman Moran, Chairman Bost, Ranking Members 
Blumenthal and Takano, and Members of the Committee, on behalf 
Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America and our over 425,000 
members and supporters nationwide, thank you for the 
opportunity to represent our Nation's Post-9/11 veterans here 
with you today.
    Being the CEO of IAVA has been the privilege of a lifetime. 
The young second lieutenant who boarded a plane en route to 
Iraq a little more than 20 years ago certainly did not envision 
that this is where I would be today. But here I am, and for 
every day that I have sat in this seat, I have sought to bring 
it for my generation of veterans. I have done my best to show 
up for our members, regardless of where they live in the 
country, or what their racial or ethnic background is, or how 
they vote.
    I can also spend my time here today articulating a list of 
legislative priorities for you so that you and your staff can 
effectively pander to our community, along with the rest of 
your colleagues. But as our staff and our cavalries are sitting 
behind me today know at this point, that is not really my 
style.
    One of the most profound experiences I have had in my life 
was being appointed as a summary courts officer following a 
fellow platoon leader's death in Iraq in 2005. I will never 
forget our battalion's paralegal looking me in the eyes that 
same day, as he handed me his orders, and said, ``This is the 
literal definition of soldiering on, ma'am.''
    The following morning I entered that lieutenant's quarters 
on our base in Taji, Iraq, with a noncommissioned officer that 
was also appointed to help me inventory his belongings, pack 
them up, and ship them to Dover Air Force Base behind his body.
    My soldiers were also soldiering on that day, back on the 
road, providing security to convoys, dodging roadside bombs, 
and ducking small arms fire, and continuing the mission that 
their country had asked them to see through, even if it no 
longer made any sense.
    Soldiering on is something that many of us who have served 
have gotten good at. It helped me get through a second 15-month 
deployment in Iraq, and even after I got out of the Army, it is 
a mindset that served me well as I sought to be a force of good 
in places like this very body, where we find myself today.
    I may well be good at soldiering on at this point in my 
life, but frankly I am tired of it, and I know our members are 
tired of it too. We are tired of soldiering on after we learn 
that another one of our buddies has taken their life because 
they just couldn't deal with the torment that war had inflicted 
on them anymore. We are tired of soldiering on when the rest of 
America seemingly does not notice. And we are tired of 
soldiering on as our elected leaders give us lip service 
instead of the leadership we deserve.
    Our nation is at the hill of a crossroads right now, and 
our members, while they may want care for the cancer that they 
got from prolonged exposure to a burn pit in Afghanistan, or 
the ability to use cannabis to bring relief to their wartime 
wounds, what they really want is what the rest of America 
wants. They want leadership. And not just from their President 
but also from the rest of their government, including this 
Congress that has abdicated so much of its authority in recent 
decades. Whether it be its war powers authority as Post-9/11 
generation veterans have gotten deployed over and over again 
without question, or the simple need to tell a President, even 
if that President is from their own party, that they have 
crossed the line that the average citizen knows they should not 
have crossed.
    It then makes me wonder what the hell we fought for. If you 
asked many of us who served in wartime, we will likely tell you 
that despite the complicated politics of the conflicts we found 
ourselves in, what helps us soldier on in battle was our 
commitment to the men and women to the left and right of us. 
That was true for me when I was a 22-year-old platoon leader, 
and it remains true today.
    But I wish it were not the case. I joined the Army because 
I love my country, and what we stand for, and was willing to 
put it all on the line to defend it. But what I did not realize 
back then, but do now, is how much that made and my fellow 
Post-9/11 unique.
    What I also did not realize as a young, naive lieutenant 
was how different it made us from the very people who sent my 
generation of veterans to war, despite the fact that we all 
swore a similar oath, that many of the same people who asked us 
to risk our lives in defense of our country were so lacking in 
courage themselves that they were unwilling to risk their 
political lives to do the same. And that should weigh more 
heavily on your conscience than it seems to these days.
    So if you really want to get the backs of the Post-9/11 
veterans, how about you stop asking us and our fellow Americans 
to keep soldiering on when none of us is satisfied with the 
leadership we have in this country right now. How about you 
follow my generation of veterans lead and make sacrifices on 
behalf of our country that prove that you are worthy of the 
office that you hold. And if you really care about troops who 
are still serving in uniform and this country we all love, you 
will do so starting today.
    Later this evening, the eyes of the entire country will be 
focused on this building and watching to see who is and who is 
not meeting the moment tonight. Our IAVA cavalry members will 
be watching too, and have every right to judge, and judge 
harshly. If you want their stamp of approval going forward, it 
is my recommendation that you meet what the moment of asking of 
you tonight and of the days ahead.
    The time for asking us to soldier on has come to an end. 
Thank you for your time.
    [Applause.]

    [The prepared statement of Ms. Jaslow appears on page 110 
of the Appendix.]

    Senator Blumenthal [presiding]. Thank you, Ms. Jaslow. I 
assume that is directed to Members of this Committee and the 
United States Congress.
    Ms. Jaslow. Yes, sir. All 535.
    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you. We need you to be specific, 
forceful, and direct as you have been, and to name names.
    Mr. Lyon, you are recognized for 5 minutes.

STATEMENT OF JARED LYON, NATIONAL PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE 
              OFFICER, STUDENT VETERANS OF AMERICA

    Mr. Lyon. Chairmen Moran and Bost, Ranking Members 
Blumenthal and Takano, as well as Members of this Committee, 
thank you for inviting Student Veterans of America to share our 
legislative priorities this year.
    I am honored to represent the 840,000 students using their 
GI Bill and our over 1,600 chapters worldwide, building 
stronger communities for student veterans, military-connected 
students, their families, caregivers, and survivors.
    Research shows that belonging is essential to student 
success, be that in a traditional college environment, online 
learning, or vocational training. This is especially true for 
veterans transitioning to campuses that may not fully 
understand the value of their military service. SVA chapters 
foster that sense of community, offering mentorship, peer 
support, and clear pathways to academic and career achievement.
    If you are here with SVA today, I would ask that you please 
stand or raise your hand so we can recognize your commitment.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lyon. Thank you. Our mission is to empower veterans to 
succeed to, through, and beyond higher education, that goes 
beyond earning degrees and certificates. It is about 
strengthening our workforce, fueling innovation, reinforcing 
our economy, and elevating civic life. For student veterans 
that are here today and the thousands more who could not be in 
Washington this week, meaningful success depends on financial 
stability, a sense of belonging, and access to rewarding 
careers.
    Like many veterans, I followed a path of post-military 
service from community college to a state university, and then 
earning a master's, all while juggling work obligations, family 
obligations. And my experience taught me that earned benefits 
must work seamlessly to encourage further engagement with VA 
services.
    When benefits fall short, delays in housing payments, or 
stagnant book stipends, veterans lose their trust and they may 
walk away entirely. That is why we ask for these Committees to 
see the GI Bill as the front door to the VA for recently 
separated servicemembers. We thank representatives Ciscomani, 
Stansbury and Van Orden for introducing the Expanding Access 
for Online Veteran Students Act last Congress. We urge support 
for legislation that mandates the monthly housing allowance, 
ensuring veterans are not penalized for enrolling online, where 
many pursue coursework while working full-time, raising 
children, or managing their service-connected disabilities. A 
full national average MHA for online learners would move us 
toward true parity.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Lyon. We also request an increase in the annual book 
stipend, which has not been updated since 2009. Many veterans 
in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, or law 
programs see material costs that easily surpass $1,000 per 
semester. We appreciate those in Congress who have already 
championed raising this to a more realistic level. Nearly 75 
percent of student veterans are working while they are 
attending school, often in jobs that are unrelated to their 
degrees. Modernizing VA work study to include career-relevant 
placement such as cybersecurity, accounting, engineering, or 
health care would open doors for veterans balancing academics 
and employment. We applaud the bipartisan efforts to 
reintroduce legislation that supports this goal.
    These women and men bring discipline, life experience, and 
leadership to the classroom and their campuses. They often 
outpace civilian student peers in GPA and graduation rates, and 
they graduate into fields where American employers urgently 
need talent. By investing in them, Congress boosts our economy, 
our campuses, and our communities. Working with Congress, the 
VA, DoD, Department of Education, and Department of Labor helps 
SVA power scholarships, leadership training, research, and 
professional development for thousands of veterans annually. 
When universities partner with SVA chapters through Veterans 
Centers, collaborative programs, and flexible policies, they 
create a culture where student veterans thrive, benefiting the 
entire institution.
    Our full written testimony goes further into areas like 
bridging childcare gaps for student veterans, ensuring parity 
for National Guard and Reserve benefits, and expanding 
accountability in higher education. We encourage you to review 
it for a more complete picture of our policy recommendations.
    At SVA we believe ensuring veterans receive earned 
education benefits transcends politics. This is about 
fulfilling America's promise to those who serve, and we know 
that promise yields tremendous returns for veterans, schools, 
employers, and communities alike.
    Thank you, Chairmen Moran and Bost, Ranking Members 
Blumenthal and Takano, and Members of these Committees for your 
leadership. Your work reinforces that this Nation truly values 
service and the interests of those who wear the uniforms. I 
welcome your questions. Thank you.
    [Applause.]

    [The prepared statement of Mr. Lyon appears on page 121 of 
the Appendix.]

    Chairman Moran [presiding]. Thank you, Mr. Lyon. The Chair 
recognizes Major Carroll.

  STATEMENT OF BONNIE CARROLL, PRESIDENT AND FOUNDER, TRAGEDY 
                ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR SURVIVORS

    Major Carroll. Chairmen Moran and Bost, Ranking Members 
Blumenthal and Takano, and distinguished Committee members, the 
Tragedy Assistance Program for Survivors is grateful for the 
opportunity to share issues of importance to the 120,000-plus 
surviving family members of all generations, representing all 
services, and with losses of all causes of death, who TAPS is 
honored to serve.
    As a Gold Star spouse of Brigadier General Tom Carroll, I 
want to express TAPS' deep gratitude to Congress and this 
Committee for passing the bipartisan Senator Elizabeth Dole 
21st Century Veterans Healthcare and Benefits Improvements Act. 
This important law included multiple long-term priorities for 
surviving families, many of whom were caregivers first, such as 
expanding eligibility for the Fry Scholarship and provisions 
within the Love Lives On Act.
    A top legislative priority for TAPS is ensuring surviving 
spouses are allowed to remarry and retain benefits, at any age, 
not wait until age 55. Today's surviving spouses are often 
widowed in their 20s and 30s, yet the law forces them to wait 
decades, sometimes half a lifetime, to remarry without losing 
their earned benefits.
    Grief does not expire, and love after loss should not come 
at the cost of financial stability. TAPS urges Congress to end 
this unjust penalty and honor the sacrifice of our Nation's 
young widows with fairness and dignity.
    TAPS is proud to work with Chairman Moran, Senator Warnock, 
and 22 original Senate co-sponsors, along with Representatives 
Hudson, Neguse, Van Orden, Morrison, Luttrell, and Khanna on 
the Love Lives On Act, and we urge swift passage of this 
legislation.
    TAPS has advocated for many years to strengthen dependency 
and indemnity compensation. Stringent limitations on DIC 
payments have widespread negative impacts on finances, housing, 
employment, transportation, food security, and the medical and 
mental health care for surviving families. Raising DIC from 43 
to 55 percent of the compensation paid to 100 percent permanent 
disabled veterans will increase DIC by an average of $454 a 
month, and provide long overdue parity with other Federal 
survivor benefits.
    TAPS strongly supports the Caring for Survivors Acts and 
thanks Senators Blumenthal and Boozman and Representatives 
Hayes and Fitzpatrick for reintroducing this important 
legislation.
    TAPS is also working to expand CHAMPVA coverage for 
eligible surviving children up to age 26, to align with private 
insurance plans. Surviving families who have lost loved ones as 
a result of military service should be provided the same access 
to affordable health care and mental health services as their 
civilian counterparts. TAPS strongly supports the CHAMPVA 
Children's Care Protection Act and appreciate Ranking Member 
Blumenthal and Congresswoman Brownley for their leadership on 
this issue.
    As a leading voice for the families of those who have died 
as a result of illnesses connected to toxic exposures, TAPS was 
instrumental in the passage of the historic PACT Act. Though a 
tremendous victory, the work does not stop. Of the survivors 
seeking our care in 2024, 37 percent, or more than 3,200, were 
grieving the death of a military loved one due to illnesses.
    TAPS is working with Congress to ensure PACT Act 
implementation and funding and to expand presumptive 
conditions. We fully support the Aviation Cancers Examination 
Study Act and the Ensuring Justice for Camp Lejeune Victims 
Act, and creating a presumption of service-connection for all 
conditions from K2 deployments.
    Ensuring timely, comprehensive health care and mental 
health support for our Nation's benefits, their families, 
caregivers, and survivors is not just a priority. It is a moral 
imperative that will uphold the sacred promise we make to those 
who serve and sacrifice. We thank Chairmen Moran and Bost for 
introducing the Veterans' Assuring Critical Care Expansions to 
Support Servicemembers Act of 2025, which will improve health 
care and mental health outcomes.
    Military service exposes individuals to unique stressors 
and potential traumas. The presumption of service-connection 
for veteran suicides would acknowledge that mental health 
challenges veterans face are often a direct consequence of 
their service. TAPS strongly supports the introduction of the 
Service-Connected Suicide Compensation Act.
    TAPS has stood beside more than 27,000 survivors grieving 
the death of a devastating loss of a military or veteran loved 
one to suicide. These families not only endure unimaginable 
grief, but face stigma and bureaucratic barriers that compound 
their trauma. Requiring them to prove service-connection in 
their darkest moments is unjust and unnecessary. We can do 
better.
    On behalf of our survivor community, TAPS urges Congress to 
take action, remove these burdens, and honor the sacrifice of 
our Nation's heroes and their families. Thank you for the 
opportunity to testify. I look forward to your questions.

    [The prepared statement of Ms. Carroll appears on page 152 
of the Appendix.]

    Chairman Moran. Thank you. I now recognize Meredith Beck.

STATEMENT OF MEREDITH BECK, VICE PRESIDENT, GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS 
    AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, THE ELIZABETH DOLE FOUNDATION

    Ms. Beck. Thank you very much, sir. Members of the 
Committee, thank you for the opportunity to testify today. As 
many of you know, the Elizabeth Dole Foundation recently 
commissioned RAND to conduct a new landmark study, updating us 
on America's military and veteran caregiver community--who they 
are, how they are faring, and what they contribute to our 
Nation.
    The report identified that while caregivers provide a 
minimum of $119 billion in unpaid care to veterans, they also 
face serious impediments to economic stability. Lost wages, and 
inability to plan for retirement, and unforeseen out-of-pocket 
expenses often result in financial and mental health strain.
    There are several actions Congress can take to relieve some 
of this burden. Recently the VA released the newest proposed 
rule for the Program of Comprehensive Assistance for Family 
Caregivers. While we appreciate that the rule was finally 
published after almost 2 years of financial limbo, we have 
numerous concerns. The rule is still far too complicated and 
would be incredibly difficult to implement in a standardized 
and transparent manner.
    Additionally, we are concerned that those with significant 
mental health and cognitive disabilities would be excluded. EDF 
asks Congress to exercise its oversight authority to minimize 
further turmoil and ensure that those whom Congress intended to 
support are included.
    EDF also asks that Congress grandfather the legacy cohort 
of PCAFC participants, those Post-9/11 caregivers who were 
admitted to the program prior to September 30th of 2020. These 
caregivers have repeatedly been found eligible and endured 
multiple pauses, regulation and leadership changes, lack of 
previous program standardization, and questionable assessments. 
Grandfathering this relatively small population would allow the 
VA to focus on its mission of supporting all generations of 
caregivers by ending this years-long struggle.
    In addition to PCAFC, the VA has many programs that benefit 
both veterans and caregivers. The Veteran-Directed Care Program 
has incredibly high satisfaction rates and notably costs less 
than other VA clinical support services. In theory, veterans 
can use the program to hire individuals familiar to them, to 
provide care, pay for transportation to appointments, hire 
skilled care when needed, and all without paying the overhead 
costs of an agency.
    Unfortunately, gaining access to these programs is often 
incredibly difficult. In many instances, the veteran is subject 
to a case mix tool, ensuring that they are not receiving 
redundant services. While this makes sense generally, the 
current system does not allow complementary programs for those 
who need them most.
    Shawn Lopez, a Maryland Dole Caregiver Fellow, cares for 
his 100 percent service-disabled father. In addition to other 
diagnoses, Shawn's dad battles stage four cancer, suffers from 
progressive dementia, and requires constant supervision for 
safety. If Shawn were not providing around-the-clock care, his 
father would require very costly institutional care, for which 
the VA would be responsible.
    Because Shawn is enrolled in PCAFC, the case mix tool was 
employed to determine his dad's eligibility for additional 
support. Even with his serious health diagnoses and despite his 
constant need for supervision, Mr. Lopez scored far too low to 
qualify him for concurrent enrollment in PCAFC and VDC.
    After much research, Shawn learned that the scoring 
algorithm is weighted so heavily toward those with physical 
needs and mostly excludes consideration for those with 
cognitive and mental health needs. It was not until Shawn's 
father fell and broke five ribs that he even came close to 
qualifying. After a significant amount of advocacy, Mr. Lopez 
was eventually rated at the necessary level, but if he improved 
in only one ADL he will no longer qualify, leaving Shawn to 
support his dad on his own or find an institution.
    Not only is it wrong to deny family caregivers the support 
services they need to care for their loved ones, it does not 
make any fiscal sense. Shawn's stipend through PCAFC is 
approximately $40,000 a year, whereas a skilled nursing 
facility is far more expensive, approximately $160,000 a year 
in Maryland.
    Therefore, EDF asks Congress to work with the VA to provide 
oversight to this vital program to ensure veterans are able to 
stay in their homes as long as medically appropriate.
    While much work remains to be done, many of these issues 
outlined in RAND were addressed in some way with the Dole 
package that Ms. Carroll mentioned. The foundation thanks 
Committee members and their staffs as well as leadership of 
both parties for their hard work to find common ground and 
achieve final passage.
    However, we are deeply concerned that the current seemingly 
arbitrary Federal staffing reductions, the previously 
identified VHA budget shortfall, cuts to research funding and 
contract pauses and cancellations, will greatly impact the VA's 
ability to provide its direct, vital services to those in need 
and implement the Dole Act.
    The VDC program was fortunately expanded in that Dole 
package. However, to continue current operations, much less 
expand, the program must ensure that providers are certified 
and recertified periodically in accordance with MISSION Act 
requirements. Unfortunately, the contract that provides for 
those certifications was recently halted, leaving the future of 
the program and those enrolled in jeopardy.
    Let me be clear. We agree that the realignment of resources 
and staff is often necessary. We are concerned, however, that 
the process does not allow for the careful review and 
implementation necessary to ensure that services, especially 
those for the most vulnerable, are not interrupted.
    Thank you, and I look forward to your questions.

    [The prepared statement of Ms. Beck appears on page 183 of 
the Appendix.]

    Chairman Moran. Thank you, Ms. Beck. Ms. Monet.

 STATEMENT OF KATHRYN MONET, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, NATIONAL 
                COALITION FOR HOMELESS VETERANS

    Ms. Monet. Chairmen, Ranking Members, and distinguished 
Members of the Committees on Veterans' Affairs, thank you for 
the opportunity to join you. NCHV is a resource and technical 
assistance center for a national network of community-based 
service providers and local and state governments that serve 
thousands of homeless, at-risk, and formerly homeless veterans 
annually.
    We thank you for your leadership and passage of the Dole 
Act. We encourage you to focus on implementation of the 
homeless provisions within the bill. Of note, we urge you to 
ensure that authorizing caps and appropriations levels are 
sufficient to allow VA to pay for increased per diem rates 
authorized under this legislation and to fund Section 4201 
assistance. Our written testimony includes appropriations 
recommendations for other critical programs.
    Veteran homelessness dropped to the lowest level ever 
recorded last year, 32,882 veterans on any given night. The 
2024 point-in-time count data for veterans needs a little bit 
of context, so I am going to give it to you. This represents a 
7 percent decrease since 2023, and a 55 percent decrease since 
2009, compared with increases across the board for every other 
homeless population across those same timeframes.
    While the PIT is not a perfect measure of homelessness, it 
is the best national measure we have for comparison's sake. We 
are, and we have been, reducing veteran homelessness 
consistently in the last 7 of 10 years counted.
    This is no mistake. As VA staff and partners across the 
country have dedicated time and talent toward this mission and 
have had the discipline to research, iterate, and implement 
evidence-based and other promising practices along the way.
    In spite of these efforts, we know that we can do more to 
ensure that our crisis responses, homelessness prevention, 
affordable housing, and supportive service programs can be what 
be veterans need, and we look forward to doing that with all of 
you here. Congress plays a major role in this, and my written 
testimony presents NCHV's priorities for your consideration.
    Before I dive into them I would be remiss if I did not 
mention the vast uncertainty that has been created as our 
Federal partners have moved quickly to make changes across the 
government. The speed and doubt that have resulted have made it 
hard for grantees across the country to focus on homelessness 
rather than issues that impact their ability to work, including 
the potential implications of grant pauses, shifting grant 
operating requirements, reductions in VA staff, including in 
those who serve homeless veterans, and other Federal reduction-
in-force initiatives.
    Further, while we are still learning more about last 
night's wave of contract cancellations, we know at least one 
cancellation was related to the Enhanced-Use Lease Program to a 
SDVOSB that managed oversight, including things like lead paint 
testing, evaluating life safety issues in these facilities, and 
ensuring that veterans in EUL housing get the case management 
that they need.
    We do have concerns that quality of care will falter as a 
result, and we urge you to work with the Administration to 
ensure that contract cancellations do not result in adverse 
outcomes for veterans.
    These factors have really complicated the already hard work 
of ending veteran homelessness, and so we do want you to 
collectively keep your eye on everything that we have seen so 
far and all of the changes that we know are to come, to ensure 
that there is minimal impact, not only to veterans but the 
community that serves these veterans. VA has been an essential 
partner in the work on veteran homelessness, and that has to 
continue.
    I would like to pivot a little bit back to homelessness 
priorities, and I have three major ones that I would like to 
discuss today. The first is HUD-VASH utilization. We need your 
help to ensure that VHA and PHA's public housing authorities 
are appropriately resourced, and we need you to codify Federal 
guidance exempting VA disability compensation from eligibility 
requirements for HUD-VASH and LIHTC-funded affordable housing. 
For far too long, homeless veterans who needed assistance the 
most, with the highest levels of service-connected 
disabilities, were being excluded from these benefits because 
of their disability income. We absolutely, unequivocally 
support legislation that would codify this change for the 
program, and we also encourage the reintroduction of 
legislation that would codify these changes for the Low-Income 
Housing Tax Credit Program.
    Second, we urge you to ensure that veterans with other-
than-honorable discharges and those who served in the Guard and 
Reserve without being activated can access all homeless 
programs. The HCHV program currently does not serve this 
population, and we request that you expand its eligibility 
criteria to make it uniform across all programs.
    Third, our Nation's housing affordability crisis is all but 
guaranteed that rents are unaffordable for everyone, including 
veterans. In most counties across the country, economists agree 
that a person earning the minimum wage is not able to rent a 
one-bedroom apartment without being severely cost burdened, and 
we know that only 1 in 4 people eligible for Section 8 receive 
them because of chronic underfunding of that program. We 
support legislation that would create a voucher program for all 
extremely low-income veterans and legislation to prohibit 
source-of-income discrimination so that people can actually use 
these vouchers.
    Thank you for the opportunity to join you today. I am open 
to any questions you may have.

    [The prepared statement of Ms. Monet appears on page 200 of 
the Appendix.]

    Chairman Moran. Thank you very much. I am going to 
recognize Ranking Member Takano for his questions, for 3 
minutes.
    Mr. Takano. Thank you, Chairman Moran, and let me just say 
that I have been impressed with many of your comments over the 
past 2 weeks, especially your interest in doing oversight on 
the internal process that VA does to establish new 
presumptives. I really want to thank you for those comments.
    My first question is for Ms. Monet. You have been 
stewarding the progress to end veteran homelessness in your 
years of work at the National Coalition of Homeless Veterans. 
And during the Biden-Harris administration we saw homelessness 
reach new lows.
    Unfortunately, Secretary Collins seems to think this 
progress was not real. He recently told the Military Times, 
quote, ``We have spent millions of dollars and added countless 
programs to the homeless situation and to suicide prevention, 
and seen nothing,'' he said, end quote.
    Quote, ``I am ready to see results, and I am ready to take 
whatever we have and say what can we do better,'' end quote.
    Ms. Monet, was the progress we saw during the Biden-Harris 
administration real, and to what do you attribute it? What 
roadblocks do you foresee arising that could prevent further 
progress?
    Ms. Monet. So the progress we have seen was absolutely 
real. VA programs helped hundreds of thousands of veterans 
every day--well, not every day--across the course of a year. I 
am sorry. But, you know, there are things that we can do to 
improve, and I think I laid out a few of them in my testimony 
today. When I think about roadblocks, I do think a lot about 
things that are not really tied to VA. We do not have a lot of 
affordable housing. We know that people are struggling to stay 
employed. We know that veterans are overrepresented in the 
Federal workforce that is getting fired at a very rapid pace.
    There are these challenges that we have to contend with, 
and within VA there are some things that we can do, right. We 
can connect services to veterans a little bit better. We can be 
thoughtful about prevention and how we really learn about 
preventing homelessness and the risk factors. There is so much 
that we could do. But I think that we can do it if we commit to 
it.
    Mr. Takano. Yes. Yes. Thank you so much for your response.
    I would like to ask Mr. Lyon, I met with many of your 
student veteran members from SVA yesterday, and I was disturbed 
to hear stories about many contract employees who serve as 
counselors. Can you tell us about the situation before these 
recent firings in terms of the number of counselors, the vital 
role they play? And they, oddly enough, play a role in terms of 
preventing waste, fraud, and abuse within the VR&E program. The 
VR&E program, by the way, is the program for veterans, student 
veterans. It is not about the GI Bill. It is about their 
service-connected disability and being able to get them 
education, which will make them gainfully employed.
    Mr. Lyon, do you want to respond?
    Mr. Lyon. Thank you very much for the question, sir, and 
you are right. We have had many conversations with the highest 
levels of VA, from appointed officials to senior government 
employees, about the impact that terminations are having, which 
I think have been well addressed by the first panel this 
morning and my colleagues up here today.
    But in particular, when we continue to hear that mission-
critical roles are not being cut, we are seeing, in particular 
with the VR&E program, a program that was already chronically 
understaffed and had delays with not only approving benefits 
but then also addressing concerns for these service-connected 
disabled veterans while in school, have been exacerbated by 
some of the recent terminations and some of the canceling of 
contracts, the very contracts that were staffing some of the 
oversight for fraud, waste, and abuse of the program, but also 
approving. This is causing, in many instances, weeks if not 
multiple months of delays just to hear back from the initial 
claim, a VR&E claim.
    Mr. Takano. Well, that has meant delays, you know, really 
incredible delays, and sometimes students not being able to get 
the courses, hardships on families, student veterans' families.
    I yield back, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Moran. Thank you, Representative Takano. 
Representative Ramirez.

                      HON. DELIA RAMIREZ,
               U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM ILLINOIS

    Ms. Ramirez. Thank you, Chairman, and thank you, Ranking 
Member. I am really grateful that we are holding today's 
hearing.
    I want to start by acknowledging and thanking the veterans 
service organizations that are joining us today for all the 
tremendous work you do every single day on behalf of our 
veterans. The work that we do, the legislation that we pass to 
bring more veteran benefits, none of that could happen without 
your help. So I just want to thank all of you for being here.
    And each time we come together I think it is important for 
us to rehearse our why. Or at least for me, I believe it is my 
responsibility to ensure that every veteran has full access to 
the full spectrum of benefits that they have earned, frankly 
that they deserve. As a former nonprofit community director of 
an organization that served people who are unhoused, people 
experiencing homelessness, including many veterans, I 
understand that often the gap between our ability to fulfill 
our mission and the realities on the ground are often about 
resources. For many, housing and homeless service providers' 
Federal grants are an essential part of the resources layered 
together to meet the needs of our neighbors, particularly our 
veteran neighbors.
    So I am clear that to ensure that every veteran has full 
access to the full spectrum of benefits they have earned and 
deserve, we have to make sure that the programs and services 
the VA offer are fully funded. And we know that fully funding 
our programs can make an impact on veteran homelessness.
    Ms. Monet, you were just talking about it. Over the past 
few years, there has been a record investment on veteran 
homelessness, addressing veteran homelessness, and as a result, 
in the national point-in-time count data, that I participated 
in, in the past as the executive director of a shelter, not 
only have we made progress in reducing veteran homelessness, 
but veterans are the only population, across the country, that 
has seen a decline in rates of homelessness, according to this 
count.
    So Ms. Monet, I want to follow up on that. I want to ask 
you if there is a freeze on the grants that serve unhoused 
veterans or that support that veteran permanent housing is 
needed, what impact do you think it would have on the ability 
to end veteran homelessness? And let me give you a follow-up to 
that. More broadly, what I am interested in hearing is what 
would those freezes mean for the organizations and the 
communities that depend on Federal resources?
    Ms. Monet. So when we experienced the last freeze it was 
chaotic. Organizations were sort of pushed to the brink, and a 
lot of them were really running numbers, looking at their 
budgets, thinking really intently about their cash-flow, and 
questioning the level of commitment that the Federal Government 
has to this initiative.
    At NCHV, because we have a toll-free referral line, we got 
calls from veterans who were upset that they had been looking 
for housing for 3 or 4 weeks, finally found somewhere that 
would take their subsidy, but could not get their check cut 
because of the funding freeze. We got calls from medical center 
staff who said that their SSVF provider did not have enough 
cash-flow to cut checks for a whole community of veterans come 
February 1, and they were looking for other funds to support.
    You know, there were a lot of instances where our members 
were facing this uncertainty and trying to figure out how do we 
work through this, what does this pause actually mean, what 
activities will be acceptable or not acceptable, and really 
thinking intently about that versus serving the veterans in 
front of them. And that is not what we want them to be doing.
    Ms. Ramirez. Thank you, Ms. Monet. I know my time is up so 
I just think, in summary, what you are saying is freezing funds 
means our veterans are at risk of homelessness, it is chaos, 
and it means it takes us back, when in fact we should be doing 
more for our veterans. Thank you, Ms. Monet.
    I yield back, Chairman.
    Chairman Moran. Thank you, Representative.
    Mr. Lyon, we have a long history, mostly related to COVID, 
and student access to education during those difficult times. I 
really appreciate your strong support, your organization's 
strong support for the National Guard GI Bill Parity Act.
    Based upon your focus, the organization's focus on the 
success of student veterans, explain why this change is needed 
and how the bill, if signed into law, would impact the outcomes 
of National Guard and Reservists.
    Mr. Lyon. Thank you very much, sir, and I really appreciate 
the question. When you look at the service of those in uniform, 
regardless of if it is active duty, Guard, or Reserve, every 
day in uniform should count equally with regard to your 
benefits. And unfortunately, as the GI Bill is a benefit that 
requires specific and nuanced related service, as pertains to 
Guard and Reserve members wearing that uniform, they are not 
equally eligible.
    There are countless instances in which we hear from student 
veterans that have been activated for any number of supports, 
from overseas deployments to work down on the border, to 
natural disasters. And when they are, their service does not 
count equally for their ability to be eligible for the GI Bill.
    If we are able to get this done and pass this bill, we 
would be able to say, indefinitively, that every day in uniform 
counts equally. So this would be exceptionally impactful for 
those members of the Guard and Reserve that find themselves as 
student veterans.
    Chairman Moran. Disadvantageous circumstance for those in 
the Guard and Reserve is a result of the law, not a result of 
interpretation of the law or bias toward those not in active 
duty. It is the law that needs to be changed. Is that true?
    Mr. Lyon. Yes, sir.
    Chairman Moran. Major Carroll, thank you and your team for 
ongoing work with Senator Warnock and I in advocating for Love 
Lives On Act. As you know, we have been challenged by the 
expense of this legislation. That is not a reason not to do it, 
and we are fully committed to its passage and implementation. 
But do you have suggestions of how we could advance--we have 
advanced several steps of this legislation--any suggestions as 
to what we do next?
    Major Carroll. Love Lives On is incredibly important to our 
surviving families. It is probably the top priority for those. 
It is something that our families are already receiving 
compensation for. All of those who are receiving those 
benefits, the DIC, are already getting them. It is only when 
they remarry that that is taken away.
    The rate is so low right now, and our team has done 
extensive work into that, looking at that, talking, I know, to 
your team, to many members on exactly what that would mean. But 
it would allow our families to be whole, to allow our children 
to be raised in a two-parent household. It would allow our 
families to move forward with their lives. And we are very, 
very hopeful that the amount required will be recognized as an 
amount that is owed to these families who have sacrificed so 
much for this country.
    Chairman Moran. You and others associated with you are such 
valuable advocates. Even what you said just now, it suggests to 
me how would one say no. It is hugely important for us to have 
success, and more rapid success.
    As I indicated earlier, it is nice to be thanked, I 
suppose, for your efforts, but this is one that would be great 
to be thanked for results.
    Major Carroll, do you have recommendations for how the VA 
and Congress can better work with the VSO community to reach 
survivors and make certain that they are aware of the benefits 
and resources that they may be entitled to?
    Major Carroll. Absolutely. We have surviving family members 
who receive some benefits, DIC, but through our networks, 
through public awareness, through community efforts, through 
other VSO partnerships we are reaching out to surviving 
families. One of the ways we did this is also through the 
National Cemetery Administration, where we reach all those who 
are survivors of anyone buried at a national cemetery or a 
state cemetery. We are very active with the National Funeral 
Directors, to reach all of those whose loved ones lives 
included service to this country, to ensure that they have the 
benefits that they have earned and that their families will 
never be forgotten for that service.
    Chairman Moran. Thank you. Speaking of national cemeteries, 
Ms. Monet, there are 156 national cemeteries across our 
country, and the NCA runs the Cemetery Apprenticeship Program, 
which offers training and employment in either a caretaker or 
an administrative position to veterans who are, or at risk of 
becoming, homeless. Would you speak to the importance of that 
program?
    Ms. Monet. Absolutely. At NCHV we think that employment is 
an important part of solutions for veteran homelessness. It 
gives folks the dignity of a job, some income, connections to 
other people in a network, and the Cemetery Caretaker 
Apprenticeship Program is absolutely an important part of that. 
I think that we would love to see that program expanded, and we 
would love to see more opportunities for supportive employment 
of veterans within VA and other Federal agencies.
    Chairman Moran. Thank you. And Ms. Beck, you indicated, I 
wrote down, ``learning more,'' and what you, I think, were 
saying before I got all my notes in place, learning more about 
contract cancellation. What happens that you are going to learn 
more? Where are you getting information, and what can you tell 
me about those sources?
    Ms. Beck. The information that we have at this point, sir, 
is that the new round of contract cancellations, I believe is 
totaling 585, is that that is a reduction in the number of 
contracts from last week that they said were going to be 
reduced. We certainly hear from a number of those contract 
providers who are very concerned about their ability to 
continue to be able to provide those services. And then we 
certainly hear from caregivers who are concerned about that, as 
well.
    As Ms. Monet indicated, we do not have any visibility on 
what the actual contracts are that will be included in that 
585, but there is definite concern, especially about the one 
that I mentioned, from our perspective, about the veteran-
directed care perspective.
    The other piece of it that is of concern that we hear about 
quite a bit is from the research perspective, not just the 
funding cuts to the research but also the staffing freezes, and 
how that impacts the ability to execute active contracts and 
research initiatives that are ongoing. We are hearing from 
those at NAVREF, the national association that represents the 
nonprofit community that supports the research done within the 
VA, and those would be programs and services and clinical 
trials that are incredibly important for PACT Act 
implementation and otherwise.
    Chairman Moran. Have you had any success in outreach to the 
VA, either you asking them or they are telling you what is 
transpiring?
    Ms. Beck. No, sir, we have not.
    Chairman Moran. Let me ask both Ms. Jaslow and Mr. Thomas. 
I do not want you to feel left out of my questioning. Anything 
that you would add to the knowledge base as to what is 
happening in regard to contact cancellation or pause? Mr. 
Thomas?
    Mr. Thomas. Well, with the contract cancellations, we are 
hearing a lot of fear from our members that the SAH grants and 
things like that are being canceled. And our members with ALS 
need their housing and everything done now. They cannot wait 
because this is something that is demanding upon them to be 
able to get around and move in a house that is really 
accessible for them. So that is something that is really hard, 
canceling those contracts from the SAH grants.
    Chairman Moran. So the only knowledge that anyone has is 
coming from their members or from contractors who are in the 
circumstance of either fearing or experiencing a contract 
cancellation?
    Mr. Thomas. The information that we are getting is coming 
from our members. They are in the process of getting the SAH 
grant, calling the individual that they are in contact with. 
And then all of a sudden that individual is not there. So 
again, this makes them go back through the entire process all 
over again. It is causing many delays.
    Chairman Moran. Understand. As my usual practice, are there 
any or all of you who have anything you want to make certain is 
clearly put on the record before we close this hearing?
    Mr. Lyon. Sir, I just wanted to make one point relative to 
the data, in particular, VA's Enrollment Manager. We are 
reporting issues, particularly those individuals in Chapter 35, 
that did not receive their February payments. In addition, we 
have gotten reports, specifically from Alabama, California, and 
North Dakota, that also have payment issues.
    So we are both getting it from specific members but also 
the school certifying officials within the system. They can 
show on their end that the Enrollment Manager demonstrates that 
the payments have been processed, but then they cannot see the 
distribution. And then we are also getting the input from the 
actual veterans.
    It currently numbers less than 1,000 veterans impacted, but 
impacted, nonetheless.
    Chairman Moran. And that is a consequence of what, that the 
payments are not being made. They show on the record but not 
actually being fulfilled. And what has transpired that causes 
that to happen?
    Mr. Lyon. The school certifying officials are reporting 
staffing challenges.
    Chairman Moran. At the VA.
    Mr. Lyon. Yes, sir.
    Chairman Moran. Okay. Anyone else? Ms. Beck.
    Ms. Beck. Sir, I was just going to say that for example, 
again, with that veteran-directed contract, which is of great 
concern to us, you know, many of us advocated for the passage 
of the Dole Act and the Elizabeth Dole Home Care Act itself, 
based off of that and other home-based services, that in that 
particular example the contractor was on the previous list to 
be terminated and also has a stop work order in place, as the 
only contractor who does that certifying work to bring on new 
contractors for expansion.
    And so I think that is where we were seeing the information 
that it was coming from, is having that stop work order in 
place.
    Chairman Moran. And that is still true?
    Ms. Beck. Until we get clarity on the new list, it is in 
place as of this moment. Yes, sir.
    Chairman Moran. Thank you. Ms. Jaslow.
    Ms. Jaslow. Sir, I just would be remiss if I didn't take 
the opportunity to thank you for your leadership on the PACT 
Act specifically. That continues to be an important law to our 
entire community. You are looking at somebody who slept next to 
Camp Trash Can for 15 months, on my second deployment. And we 
all know that it almost did not make it across the finish line. 
So I just want to make sure that I thank you on behalf of our 
members for your leadership on that important law, that will be 
an important law not just today but for many, many years, as we 
all age and understand the consequences of our toxic exposure. 
So thank you.
    Chairman Moran. I thank all of you for your efforts in 
regard to convincing members of the Senate and the House that 
the PACT Act was something of value and important to pass.
    I think that concludes the hearing. I do not want to leave 
anything out. Oh, I know what I was going to say. I knew there 
was something there. Ms. Beck, you do not have to advocate for 
the Elizabeth Dole Act because everybody else advocates for it, 
for you. It seems just consistent, constant.
    Ms. Beck. It is a benefit of being in a very supportive 
community, sir.
    Chairman Moran. It is demonstrated again this morning.
    Again, we thank you all for your advocacy. The record will 
remain open. If we ask additional questions, please respond 
quickly. And with that the hearing is adjourned. Thank you.
    [Applause.]
    [Whereupon, at 12:58 p.m., the hearing was adjourned.]

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