[Senate Hearing 119-24]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]



                                                         S. Hrg. 119-24

                   NOMINATION OF KEITH SONDERLING TO
                   SERVE AS DEPUTY SECRETARY OF LABOR

=======================================================================



                                HEARING

                                 OF THE

                    COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION,
                          LABOR, AND PENSIONS

                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                             FIRST SESSION

                                   ON

         EXAMINING THE NOMINATION OF KEITH SONDERLING, OF FLORIDA,  
                      TO BE DEPUTY SECRETARY OF LABOR

                               __________

                           FEBRUARY 27, 2025

                               __________

 Printed for the use of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions




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                 U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE

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          COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION, LABOR, AND PENSIONS

                BILL CASSIDY, M.D., Louisiana, Chairman
RAND PAUL, M.D., Kentucky            BERNIE SANDERS (I), Vermont, 
SUSAN M. COLLINS, Maine                  Ranking Member
LISA MURKOWSKI, Alaska               PATTY MURRAY, Washington
MARKWAYNE MULLIN, Oklahoma           TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin
ROGER MARSHALL, M.D., Kansas         CHRISTOPHER MURPHY, Connecticut
TIM SCOTT, South Carolina            TIM KAINE, Virginia
JOSH HAWLEY, Missouri                MAGGIE HASSAN, New Hampshire
TOMMY TUBERVILLE, Alabama            JOHN HICKENLOOPER, Colorado
JIM BANKS, Indiana                   ED MARKEY, Massachusetts
JON HUSTED, Ohio                     ANDY KIM, New Jersey
ASHLEY MOODY, Florida                LISA BLUNT ROCHESTER, Delaware
                                     ANGELA ALSOBROOKS, Maryland

                Amanda Lincoln, Majority Staff Director
           Danielle Janowski, Majority Deputy Staff Director
                Warren Gunnels, Minority Staff Director
               Zain Rizvi, Minority Deputy Staff Director
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
                            C O N T E N T S

                              ----------                              

                               STATEMENTS

                      THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2025

                                                                   Page

                           Committee Members

Cassidy, Hon. Bill, Chairman, Committee on Health, Education, 
  Labor, and Pensions, Opening statement.........................     1
Scott, Hon. Rick, U.S. Senator from the State of Florida, Opening 
  statement......................................................     2
LeMieux, Hon. George, U.S. Senator from the State of Florida, 
  Opening statement..............................................     3

                               Witnesses

Sonderling, Hon. Keith, Boca, FL.................................     4
    Prepared statement...........................................     5

                        QUESTIONS FOR THE RECORD

Response by Keith Sonderling to questions of:
    Senator Murray...............................................    35
    Senator Kaine................................................    36
    Senator Hassan...............................................    37
    Senator Hickenlooper.........................................    38
    Senator Markey...............................................    38
    Senator Blunt Rochester......................................    45
    Senator Alsobrooks...........................................    47








 
                   NOMINATION OF KEITH SONDERLING TO
                   SERVE AS DEPUTY SECRETARY OF LABOR

                              ----------                              


                      Thursday, February 27, 2025

                                       U.S. Senate,
       Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions,
                                                    Washington, DC.
    The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 9:51 a.m., in 
room SD-562, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Bill Cassidy, 
presiding.

    Present: Senators Cassidy [presiding], Murkowski, Marshall, 
Hawley, Banks, Husted, Moody, Murray, Baldwin, Murphy, Kaine, 
Hassan, Hickenlooper, Markey, Kim, Blunt Rochester, and 
Alsobrooks.

    Also present: Senators Scott and LeMieux.

                  OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR CASSIDY

    The Chairman. The Senate Committee on Health, Education, 
Labor, and Pensions will please come to order. Mr. Sonderling, 
thank you for appearing before the Committee and for your 
willingness to again serve the American people, this time as 
Deputy Secretary of Labor.

    The Deputy Secretary of Labor is not only the second in 
command of the Department of Labor, but serves as the Chief 
Operating Officer managing 17,000 employees and a $14 billion 
budget. The Deputy Secretary leads sub-agencies within DOL, 
guiding policy-making, regulation and enforcement of the 
Nation's labor laws.

    If confirmed, Mr. Sonderling will play a crucial role in 
enacting President Trump's pro worker agenda. Based on his 
extensive experience in labor and employment policy, both as a 
public servant and as a law professor, it is clear Mr. 
Sonderling is qualified. Mr. Sonderling previously led DOL's 
Wage and Hour Division, and served as Commissioner to the Equal 
Employment Opportunity Commission, in the first Trump 
administration.

    When President Trump nominated Mr. Sonderling as the EEOC 
Commissioner in 2020, the Senate confirmed him with bipartisan 
support. As Commissioner, Mr. Sonderling worked in a 
nonpartisan manner to address illegal workplace discrimination 
and enforce laws as Congress intended. When Democrat EEOC 
members attempted to disregard Congressional authority and 
inject progressive ideology into regulations, Mr. Sonderling 
opposed these efforts. I'm confident that he will bring this 
sense of duty and commitment to the rule of law if confirmed as 
Deputy Secretary.

    While, at the Wage and Hour Division, Mr. Sonderling was 
instrumental in developing President Trump's independent 
contractor policy, empowering millions of workers to earn a 
living in the manner in which they choose. He also clarified 
the joint employer standard, protecting the American franchise 
model employing over 9 million Americans.

    The Biden administration overturned these common-sense 
policies, enacting a labor agenda hurting workers and the 
Nation's economy. With President Trump back in office and new 
DOL leadership, I look forward to the return of pro-worker 
regulations at the department.

    Thank you for appearing before the Committee. I look 
forward to hearing more about how you will implement President 
Trump's pro-American agenda to empower all workers and to 
create economic growth nationwide.

    I understand that, obviously, Senator Sanders is not here. 
So, before we turn to the nominee for his opening statement, 
Mr. Sonderling will be introduced by Senator Rick Scott and 
former U.S. Senator, George LeMieux. Of course, Senator, we 
would pronounce that differently in Louisiana, but I'll give 
you the Englishisation so, Senator Scott, you are recognized 
for introductory remarks.

                   OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR SCOTT

    Senator Scott. Thank you, Chairman Cassidy, Members of 
Committee. It's an honor to sit for you today to introduce a 
fellow Floridian, good friend, Keith Sonderling, to this 
Committee. I'd also like to recognize the many other Floridians 
here today, including Keith's parents, Barbara and Howard from 
Boca Raton, his wife, Fara from Aventura, also my good friend, 
George LeMieux.

    In nominating yet another Floridian to his Administration, 
President Trump made an excellent choice in Keith to serve as 
Deputy Secretary of Labor. Throughout his career, Keith has 
proven time and again, his deep respect for the rule of law and 
his abiding interest in the well-being of American workers and 
business owners. I know firsthand that Keith will succeed as 
the Deputy Secretary of Labor.

    While I was Governor of Florida, I had the pleasure of 
appointing him to serve on the Florida Judicial Nominating 
Commission, for appellate courts in South Florida when he was 
just 29 years old. At the time, he was one of the youngest in 
the state's history to serve.

    He was tasked with recommending to me who should receive an 
appellate court judgeship. Historically serving on this 
commission, reserved for the most senior attorneys in the 
state, but we saw this as an opportunity to give young leaders 
with great potential a chance to gain experience and prove 
themselves without waiting decades to serve. Keith has done 
just that, and I've been incredibly proud to see his success. 
His effectiveness and good judgment were shown throughout his 
term.

    He was quickly selected as chair and served with 
distinction. Played a significant role in reforming the 
nominating selection process. At the same time, Keith excelled 
at the private sector by quickly becoming one of the youngest 
partners in one of Florida's oldest and most prestigious law 
firms. He has had a considerable impact throughout the state, 
serving leadership positions in numerous non-profit 
organizations.

    After serving the people of Florida, Keith left us to serve 
all Americans and the Federal Government. During President 
Trump's first term, Keith served at the U.S. Department of 
Labor, overseeing a record number of enforcement recoveries, 
and writing regulations that helped workers and assisted 
businesses in complying with the law.

    Just as I did, President Trump quickly realized Keith's 
potential and then nominated him as Commissioner of the Equal 
Employment Opportunity Commission. Like many Committee Members 
here today, I proudly voted for his confirmation in 2020. 
Throughout his career, he has gone above and beyond to reach 
out to American workers and businesses to provide guidance and 
resources to help them comply with and navigate our Country's 
labor laws.

    I can say with full confidence that Keith has served the 
people of Florida and the United States with distinction, and 
he is supremely qualified to serve as Deputy Secretary of 
Labor. On behalf of the 23 million residents of Florida, thanks 
for making us proud and best of luck today. Thank you, Mr. 
Chairman.

    The Chairman. Thank you, Senator Scott.

    Senator LeMieux.

                  OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR LEMIEUX

    Senator LeMieux. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. You've already 
heard a lot about Mr. Sonderling's impressive public service. 
Let me tell you a little bit about Mr. Sonderling from a 
perspective of a fellow Floridian and someone who worked 
shoulder to shoulder with him at the Gunster Law Firm.

    I've known Mr. Sonderling since he started his career in 
law. He is an expert in labor and employment issues. He not 
only counseled clients on those issues, but litigated them. 
He's hardworking, he's fair, he's honest, he's practical, and 
he's a problem solver, and he will do a great job as the Deputy 
Secretary of Labor.

    While in Florida, not only was he chairing the Judicial 
Nominating Commission that Senator Scott spoke about, but he 
was very involved in his community with the Chamber, with 
Leadership Florida, with Morse life. And he's a father of two 
young sons and a husband to his wife. They have a great family 
and he is a great person.

    I can speak with personal experience as to his integrity 
and his ability to do a good job at public service. And I think 
that he will be unquantifiably a great Deputy Secretary of 
Labor. Thank you.

    The Chairman. Thank you, sir.

    Mr. Sonderling, do you have an opening statement, introduce 
your family?

       STATEMENT OF HON. KEITH SONDERLING, BOCA RATON, FL

    Mr. Sonderling. Thank you, first, Senator Scott, and 
Senator LeMieux. Thank you so much for that kind introduction. 
I'm so grateful to both of your mentorships. Chairman Cassidy, 
Ranking Member Sanders, and other Members of the Committee. 
First of all, it's really an honor to appear before all of you, 
again, this time as President Trump's nominee to be the Deputy 
Secretary of Labor. I'm beyond grateful to the President for 
the opportunity to continue to serve our Nation.

    In 2020, I had the honor of being unanimously approved by 
this Committee as President Trump's nominee to be a 
commissioner on the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. I 
was subsequently confirmed by a bipartisan vote of the Senate. 
For the last 8 years, I have worked directly with Members of 
this Committee on both sides of the aisle, on issues that 
impact hundreds of millions of American workers and employers.

    Over the past few weeks, it has been a pleasure to meet 
with many of you and learn more about your state's workforce 
challenges and opportunities. During our meetings, I promised 
that if confirmed, I'll continue my longstanding commitment to 
work together to shape the future of the American workforce 
through President Trump's America First agenda.

    I want to take a brief moment to honor the people who have 
supported me throughout my life. My parents who are here today, 
provided a firm foundation on which I'm able to build a life of 
public service. My wife, Fara, my No. 1 supporter, recognizes 
my deep commitment to serving our Country, and of course, our 
two little boys, a 3-year-old and a 2-month-old, who are 
definitely not watching C-Span like everyone else right now.

    I also want to thank my colleagues at the Department of 
Labor and the EEOC for the chance to work with such dedicated 
professionals and for everyone's encouragement for my next 
opportunity to serve.

    On a personal note, I think it is important to share what I 
consider to be a fundamental characteristic of who I am. I'm 
the grandchild of Holocaust survivors. My interest in 
protecting all Americans' rights in the workplace is 
undoubtedly shaped by my grandparents, who despite suffering 
unspeakable tragedies, were able to achieve the American dream.

    My grandmother, as a young girl, survived a concentration 
camp, only by fleeing into the woods during a death march. My 
grandfather escaped the horrors of the Warsaw Ghetto, and then 
joined the Allied Forces. My grandparents lost generations of 
family members during the war. Fortunately, they were able to 
immigrate to the United States.

    However, once settled, they encountered more subtle forms 
of religious discrimination than those that they faced at the 
hands of the Nazis. Although more than willing to work, my 
grandparents lost employment opportunities based solely on 
their religious beliefs and life circumstances. It was only 
through their relentless hard work that they overcame the 
barriers put before them, ultimately paving the path for me to 
appear here before you today.

    Yet, generations later, we are once again seeing a rise in 
religious discrimination. I'm proud that President Trump issued 
executive orders tackling the generational resurgence of 
antisemitism and other forms of religious discrimination, 
including anti-Christian bias. My grandparents' bravery and 
dedication to hard work serves as my family's legacy.

    With this background throughout my career in public 
service, my philosophy on the government's role in assisting 
workers and employers has been steadfast. Education and 
outreach to workers and employers go hand in hand with strong 
law enforcement. When I served at the Wage and Hour Division 
during President Trump's first term, we achieved back-to-back 
record-breaking enforcement recoveries for workers, and more 
outreach than ever before, all with fewer resources.

    My record of balancing law enforcement, providing 
compliance assistance, modernizing outdated regulations, and 
proactively addressing workplace issues, demonstrates my shared 
belief that under President Trump's leadership, we will be 
prepared for the opportunities and challenges facing the 
workforce over the next 4 years.

    As President Trump said throughout his campaign and when he 
nominated Secretary Chavez-DeRemer and myself to lead the 
Department of Labor, we must put American Workers first and 
give everyone a fair shot at the American Dream. The 
President's vision embodies my grandparents and countless other 
American's legacy.

    If I have the privilege of being confirmed as Deputy 
Secretary of Labor, I look forward to continuing to make this a 
reality for all Americans. Thank you for having me, and I look 
forward to our discussion.

    [The prepared statement of Mr. Sonderling follows.]
                 prepared statement of keith sonderling
    Chairman Cassidy, Ranking Member Sanders, and Members of the 
Committee, it is an honor to once again appear before you, this time as 
President Trump's nominee to be the Deputy Secretary of Labor. I am 
deeply grateful to President Trump for the opportunity to continue to 
serve our Nation.

    In 2020, I had the honor of being unanimously approved by this 
Committee as President Trump's nominee for Commissioner on the Equal 
Employment Opportunity Commission. I was subsequently confirmed by a 
bi-partisan vote of the U.S. Senate. For the last 8 years, I have 
worked directly with Members of this Committee, on both sides of the 
aisle, on issues that impact hundreds of millions of American workers 
and employers.

    Over the past few weeks, it has been a pleasure to meet with many 
of you again and learn more about your states' workforce challenges and 
opportunities. During our meetings, I promised that, if confirmed, I 
will continue my longstanding commitment to the Members of this 
Committee in continuing to work together to shape the future of the 
American workforce through President Trump's America First agenda.

    I want to take a brief moment to honor the people who have 
supported me throughout my life. My parents, who are here today, 
provided a firm foundation on which I am able to build a life of public 
service. My wife, Fara, my No. 1 supporter, recognizes my deep 
commitment to serve our Country and continues to encourage and support 
me. Our two boys, who are napping at home and unlike the rest of my 
family, not tuned into C-Span. Also, I want to thank all my current and 
former colleagues at DOL and the EEOC for the chance to work with such 
dedicated professionals and for your encouragement for my next 
opportunity to serve.

    On a personal note, I think it is important to share what I 
consider to be a fundamental characteristic of who I am as an 
individual and as a member of society. I am the grandchild of Holocaust 
survivors. My interest in protecting all Americans' rights in the 
workplace is undoubtedly shaped by my grandparents, who, despite 
suffering unspeakable tragedies, were able to achieve the American 
Dream.

    My grandmother, as a young teenager, was forcibly taken from her 
family by the Nazis. She survived a concentration camp only by fleeing 
into the woods during a death march. My grandfather escaped the horrors 
of the Warsaw Ghetto and then joined the Allied forces. My grandparents 
both lost innumerable family members during the war. Fortunately, my 
grandparents were able to immigrate to the United States. They were 
overwhelmed with gratitude at the prospect of living and working in 
what they considered ``the land of golden opportunities.''

    Unfortunately, once settled in the United States, my grandparents 
encountered forms of religious discrimination more subtle than those 
they faced at the hands of the Nazis. Although more than willing to 
work, my grandparents lost employment opportunities based solely on 
their religious beliefs and life circumstances. It was only through 
their tenacity and relentless hard work that they overcame the barriers 
put before them, ultimately paving the path for me to appear here, 
before you, today.

    Yet, generations later, we are once again seeing a rise in 
religious discrimination. I am proud that President Trump issued 
executive orders tackling the generational resurgence of antisemitism 
and other forms of religious discrimination, including anti-Christian 
bias.

    With this background, for the past 8 years, both at the Department 
of Labor and the EEOC, my philosophy on the government's role in 
assisting workers and employers has been steadfast--that education and 
outreach to workers and employers go hand in hand with strong law 
enforcement. One that goes hand-and-hand with President Trump's vision 
of making the American Worker great again.

    In President Trump's first term, the Wage and Hour Division, where 
I served, achieved back-to-back record-breaking enforcement recoveries 
for workers and more outreach than ever before, with fewer resources. 
My record of balancing law enforcement, providing compliance 
assistance, modernizing outdated regulations, and proactively 
addressing workplace issues demonstrates my shared belief that, under 
President Trump's leadership, we will be prepared for the opportunities 
and challenges facing the workforce over the next 4 years.

    As President Trump said throughout his campaign and when he 
nominated Secretary Chavez-DeRemer and myself to lead the Department of 
Labor, we must put American Workers First and give everyone a fair shot 
at the American Dream.

    The President's vision for his Administration and the Department of 
Labor embodies my grandparents' and countless other Americans' legacy. 
If I have the privilege of being confirmed as Deputy Secretary of 
Labor, I look forward to continuing to make this a reality for all 
Americans.
                                 ______
                                 
    The Chairman. Thank you. I'll begin the questioning. Mr. 
Sonderling, during the first Trump administration, DOL 
understood that more than 27 million gig workers rely on the 
flexibility of independent work to make a living while 
balancing personal responsibilities. The Biden administration 
sought to strip these workers of this flexibility by 
implementing what has failed in California, but a California 
style legal framework.

    As Deputy Secretary, do you commit to re-implementing the 
independent contractor standard used in the first Trump 
administration, so workers are free to earn a living in a way 
that works best for them?

    Mr. Sonderling. First of all, thank you Chairman Cassidy, 
for not only having me today at this hearing, but the time we 
were able to spend together, not just for this nomination, but 
all of our working together the last four or 5 years.

    As far as referencing the independent contractor role at 
the Department of Labor, that rule is currently under 
litigation. So, if confirmed, I will certainly work with the 
solicitors and the department to ensure the best path forward 
with the current role we have to deal with from the Biden 
administration that is in litigation.

    However, I do have a very strong record on this, and what 
we did in the first Trump administration, I of course, standby 
because based on longstanding legal principles. We did not make 
up a new standard, we used standards that the Supreme Court had 
blessed before, and made it easier for workers to understand 
what the rules of the road were determining for them, if they 
are going to be an employee or an independent contractor for 
the organization they work for as well as employers, that 
everyone just wanted clarity.

    You have my absolute commitment, not just with this rule, 
but every rule we do at the Department of Labor will be clear 
and understandable, and all comments from all sides will be 
reviewed.

    The Chairman. The Biden-Harris administration made a number 
of attempts to benefit union constituencies, including by 
implementing rules that increase corporate control over small 
businesses. You signed the proposed joint employer rule during 
your time at Wage and Hour, and the Trump administration 
refocusing on who actually directs an employee's work day to 
day.

    If confirmed, do you intend to re-implement a joint 
employer rule focusing on direct control instead of the Biden 
administration's broad unworkable standard?

    Mr. Sonderling. Well again if I'm lucky enough to be 
confirmed, I'm committed to looking at all the rules and 
regulations department. The one you referenced now, is not 
under litigation, but obviously that is something we're going 
to take a look at very closely. And it's the same analysis that 
I just discussed with the independent contractor role. It's how 
do we actually have factors that are easy to understand for 
both workers and employers? It's all about clarity, and it's 
also about not legislating from the executive branch and 
looking at standards that courts have approved that align with 
Congress's intent regarding the employment relationship.

    You have my full commitment, that's exactly what I'll do as 
Deputy Secretary working on any rules and regulations, 
including the joint employer rule. But to the joint employer 
rule specifically. And I know that was withdrawn by the Biden 
administration. It was based on existing case law. It was based 
on four factors that had been established and that were easy to 
understand, to benefit both workers and employers.

    The Chairman. To put a little flesh on that, I'm just going 
to ask you, I think you answered this, but let's just kind of 
drill down a little bit. Am I correct in assuming that you 
believe that a broad joint employer or standard hurts small 
businesses and employees as opposed to a more narrowly focused 
rule?

    Mr. Sonderling. That's correct. And that's what we 
documented during the first Trump administration. It wasn't 
ever about taking any rights away from workers. It was about 
what does the case law say, and how do these businesses operate 
in the model that they intend as business owners and how their 
employees also want to be dealt with and treated. And that's 
always what we looked at, and that's what we'll continue to do 
again.

    The Chairman. Sounds great. Next, the Biden-Harris 
administration routinely implemented a kind of one size fits 
all policy from its efforts to implement a California style ABC 
test for independent contractors to a nationwide heat standard 
rule, to efforts to punish rural communities by shutting down 
volunteer fire departments with top-down emergency response 
regulations.

    Just as a philosophical thing, how valuable do you think it 
is for DOL to consider the effects on different communities 
before implementing a one size fits all new policy for the 
entire country?

    Mr. Sonderling. It's not only what we should be doing, it's 
what the law requires us to do under the administrative. Any 
rulemaking we do, we need to hear from all constituents and 
review them and to make the best possible determination. But 
for your specific question, it's very important, of course, 
that we balance health and safety measures for workers 
ultimately, but also that in the case you're referencing, that 
fire departments are able to comply with these rules and not 
have to shut down and then not provide emergency services 
predominantly in rural areas.

    The Chairman. Senator Murray.

    Senator Murray. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Good to see you, 
again.

    Mr. Sonderling. Thank you for meeting with me.

    Senator Murray. In 2024, following an OFCCP evaluation, one 
of the largest global financial service companies agreed to 
allocate 4.2 million in payments to resolve alleged sex 
discrimination and undergo an outside pay equity analysis.

    In his first week in office, President Trump rescinded the 
executive order from 1965 that authorized OFCCP to conduct that 
investigation. Commissioner Sonderling, do you believe that 
taxpayer dollars should go to companies that discriminate?

    Mr. Sonderling. Senator, first of all, thank you for the 
question and for meeting with me. You have been throughout my 
time in government, I've enjoyed working with you both in my 
prior nomination and this nomination. Regarding the Office of 
Federal Contract proceeds, compliance procedures at the 
Department of Labor, President Trump did rescind executive 
order 11246, which was the jurisdictional basis for that.

    However, not a single U.S. worker has lost any civil 
protection rights because of that rescission.

    Senator Murray. Well, my question wasn't that. I wanted to 
ask you; do you think that taxpayer dollars should go to 
companies that discriminate?

    Mr. Sonderling. Senator, that is not a determination that 
the Deputy Secretary of Labor or the Department of Labor----

    Senator Murray. You don't want to answer the question?

    Mr. Sonderling. There's a jurisdictional issue at the now 
at the Department of Labor, where that executive order is no 
longer there. But as I committed to you before, the Department 
of Labor will still completely and fully enforce the laws.

    Senator Murray. I don't think the taxpayer dollars should 
go to companies that discriminate. I can easily say that. Let 
me go on. In our meeting you suggested that Department of Labor 
is looking at eliminating OFCCP entirely, even though it has 
recovered now more than $260 million for more than 250,000 
employees and job applicants who were discriminated against by 
Federal contractors over the last decade. And OFCCP just today, 
announced plans to cut 90 percent of its staff and dozens of 
local offices.

    Let me ask you this, do you think DOL has any role to play 
in addressing illegal discrimination?

    Mr. Sonderling. First of all, Senator, I'm not aware of 
that report, and we did discuss about how we can move forward 
with the rescission of the executive order and still enforce 
the Vietnam Era Readjustment Assistance Act, and also 503 of 
the Rehabilitation Act, which are still laws that the 
Department of Labor Civil Rights laws the department to 
enforce----

    Senator Murray. I'm just asking you from your own 
philosophical personal position. Do you think that DOL, which 
you want to go to work for, has any role to play in addressing 
discrimination in this country? Do you think DOL should or 
should not?

    Mr. Sonderling. Of course, DOL is the most important agency 
in my humble opinion, related to all workplace rights. However, 
the specific question is related to discrimination, which now 
is the full jurisdiction of the Equal Employment Opportunity 
Commission under Title VII and all this----

    Senator Murray. Well, it's interesting that you say that 
because, Trump fired two of the EEOC commissioners in an 
unprecedented move I would add, so it really has undermined our 
government's ability to go after an anti-discrimination. So I 
am, and everyone should be deeply concerned about that.

    Let me go on, because I just have a minute left. And this 
is important. We are hearing a lot about DEI; it's thrown out 
there everywhere. So, I'm going to ask about some bipartisan 
laws passed by Congress, that were passed to make sure that 
underserved Americans can receive workforce training and find 
good employment opportunities.

    I want to know if the policies in these laws that I'm going 
to present to you amount to DEI, the Office of Disability 
Employment Policy has been statutorily authorized with, I'm 
going to quote, ``eliminating barriers to the training and 
employment of people with disabilities''. Is that DEI yes, or 
no?

    Mr. Sonderling. Is important to protect all rights of 
disabled workers, and under my leadership, the Office of 
Disability Employment will continue to do that.

    Senator Murray. That is not DEI?

    Mr. Sonderling. That is a civil rights statute that the 
department enforces to make sure disabled people can prosper 
into the workforce.

    Senator Murray. But I'm asking if it's DEI because it's 
very confusing. How about the Workforce Innovation and 
Opportunity Act, WIOA? It specifically says, ``Individuals with 
a barrier to employment and requires grantees to expand 
training to those individuals.'' Is that DEI?

    Mr. Sonderling. WIOA is a very important law as everyone in 
this room has worked----

    Senator Murray. Well, do you consider that to be DEI?

    Mr. Sonderling. I consider that to be a very important part 
of the department's mission to make sure that American workers 
can get the training they need.

    Senator Murray. You would say that's not DEI? Is the 
Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974, 
requires Federal contractors to take affirmative action to 
hire, retain, and promote veterans. Is that DEI?

    Mr. Sonderling. It is important to protect all of our 
veterans. It's important to protect everybody in the workplace.

    Senator Murray. Well, Mr. Chairman, I know you're pounding 
your gavel, but I just think it's pretty clear that there is no 
standard definition of DEI across our Federal Government. We 
should be very careful what we are saying and putting out there 
in the public.

    The Chairman. Thank you, Senator.

    Senator Marshall.

    Senator Marshall. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Sonderling, 
welcome. It's good to see you again. We've had some great 
discussions about workforce development.

    Look, we want everyone to have a job. And in Kansas, the 
biggest challenge we have is water, we're not going to fix that 
today and a lack of people for the jobs that we have. That 
there are lots of jobs that are going unfulfilled, jobs that 
would pay a great salary, a starting salary, $80,000 a year, 
but they're not inside of an office. It's using your hands, and 
it's working outside in the Kansas weather as well. But what 
could you do at the Department of Labor to help empower the 
workforce to have the skillset for the jobs that we have 
available in the State of Kansas?

    Mr. Sonderling. Well, I really enjoyed our meeting very 
much, Senator, and to talk about the issues within Kansas, not 
just on the workforce development side but the various issues 
related to your workforce. And I really look forward to 
continuing moving on that.

    As far as our discussion about workforce, I really enjoyed 
how we talked about there's always going to be those vocational 
traits, whether it's through apprentices or otherwise, and we 
need to keep encouraging individuals to go in that, who may not 
want that traditional 4-year degree. And that is exciting for 
those programs to be expanded and continue.

    But as we talked about, how do we now make other types of 
apprenticeships cool? There's a lot of people who don't want to 
go to traditional 4-year degrees. You think about everything 
related to technology. You have 12-, 13-, 14-year-olds who can 
code and do AI better than some of the top scientists at 
Google. And they may not want to go to a 4-year program because 
they're able to enter into the tech workforce right now. So how 
do we expand apprenticeships or other opportunities?

    Senator Marshall. Well, how do we do that? How do we do it?

    Mr. Sonderling. Through the Department of Labor. We're 
going to promote that and try to--in addition to the 
traditional vocational sides, we're going to try to get other 
companies to get involved in more tech type companies to get 
involved in this equation. So, and also work on the individual.

    Senator Marshall. Often in DC, we work in these silos, and 
I think there's this opportunity that we need to work with the 
Department of Education. Right now, our Pell Grants are really 
geared up for the 4-year university graduate with a high volume 
of debt load and a job. That's a fraction of what you could, if 
you were willing to go work with your hands as well. So, what 
would you be advising or how could you work with the Department 
of Education?

    Mr. Sonderling. Well, we will work closely with our 
colleagues at the Department of Education to ensure that all 
this the Federal money, whether it's on the Pell Grants, on the 
WIOA, are actually going to those students who want to engage 
and learn different trades, learn different areas that they 
traditionally have not thought of using the government funds or 
that type of workforce training. And I think that's a 
messaging, and I think that's something we can all work on 
together on how we do that.

    Senator Marshall. I think it's prioritizing the dollars. We 
have a finite amount of dollars. We have to prioritize those as 
well. The unions are doing just a great job with their 
apprenticeships, with the shorter 8-to 12-week courses as well. 
What can we do to amplify those--I understand there's an 
education part of it, but what can we do in the Federal 
Government level to make sure that any moneys we are given out 
are being able to be used for those?

    Mr. Sonderling. This is an important part of the Department 
of Labors employing training administration, to make sure all 
those Federal dollars are actually going into workforce 
training developments that's going to achieve results. And I 
think if confirmed as Deputy Secretary of Labor, I will work 
with that division and work with all the Senators in this room 
to make sure that those dollars going to your states are 
actually producing those results, both in what you think 
traditionally of the apprenticeship programs and also re-
imagining different paths.

    Senator Marshall. Yes. To me, again, I'm going back to 
this; prioritize. We're spending plenty of money, I just didn't 
know if it's going in the right places as well. What my last 
question looks like. How could you at the Department of Labor 
use resources more efficiently, ensure that these funds will be 
properly spent and accounted for?

    Mr. Sonderling. Well, you have my commitment, our team will 
look at all Federal dollars being spent from the workforce and 
make sure that they're getting results. These are still 
taxpayer funds, and we need to not only make sure that they're 
being used properly, but the education these students who are 
receiving these Federal funds are actually leading to very good 
jobs. And I think that's going to be the first indication of 
that. And that's what President Trump's agenda is.

    Senator Marshall. My last piece of advice is that we need 
to measure that success. And I hope when we get to visit here 
in 3 months, hope you're confirmed, is how do we measure 
success? And to me, it's some type of a very simple formula. We 
spent this much money on these different programs, and then did 
this person get a job when they finished? What was their debt 
when they started the job? What was their starting salary?

    Maybe a point toward the future, what's a 10-year salary? 
But we have to start measuring success, and then we see how 
we're spending dollars on a certain program, and there's no 
return on that investment, then we need to eliminate those.

    Mr. Sonderling. I look forward to working with your office 
on that if confirmed.

    Senator Marshall. Thank you so much, Mr. Chairman. I yield 
back.

    The Chairman. Senator Kaine.

    Senator Kaine. Mr. Sonderling, congratulations on your 
nomination, and welcome to your family.

    Mr. Sonderling. Thank you, Senator.

    Senator Kaine. You are a senior advisor to the Acting 
Secretary. How many Departments of Labor employees have lost 
their jobs since the beginning of the Trump administration?

    Mr. Sonderling. I am a senior advisor right now at the U.S. 
Department of Labor. I don't have the authority over hiring and 
firing decisions.

    Senator Kaine. Do you not know the answer to this?

    Mr. Sonderling. I do not know the answer.

    Senator Kaine. Who would know the answer to the question?

    Mr. Sonderling. The acting secretary works with the career 
staff, both in the solicitor's office----

    Senator Kaine. Do you think the Acting Secretary would 
know?

    Mr. Sonderling. The Assistant Secretary of Management, the 
professionals in the H.R. team at the U.S. Department of Labor?

    Senator Kaine. Is the answer to my question one that you're 
interested in or disinterested in?

    Mr. Sonderling. If confirmed as Deputy Secretary of Labor 
Senator, that is going to be----

    Senator Kaine. You work there now, you're there right now.

    Mr. Sonderling. I am a senior advisor; I don't have the 
authority over HR. But I will eventually.

    Senator Kaine. In your testimony, you say, my interest in 
protecting all Americans rights in the workplace, you're 
including Federal employees, including the employees of your 
own agency, isn't that correct?

    Mr. Sonderling. I'm including every worker in the United 
States.

    Senator Kaine. Good. I guess I know the answer to this next 
question, which is, do you know how many veterans have been 
fired at the Department of Labor since you began working there 
on Inauguration Day?

    Mr. Sonderling. I do not.

    Senator Kaine. Are you interested in that question or 
disinterested in that question?

    Mr. Sonderling. Of course, I'm interested in all the 
employees.

    Senator Kaine. You're aware because you've worked with the 
Federal Government before that pretty high percentage of the 
Federal workforces are veterans, about 30 percent of the 
civilian workforce is veterans.

    Mr. Sonderling. It's a tremendous honor for the Federal 
Government.

    Senator Kaine. Highly disproportionate number of disabled 
veterans. Probationary employees have been laid off in the 
Department of Labor as well as other agencies. Correct?

    Mr. Sonderling. That's pursuant to OPM guidance and 
executive order----

    Senator Kaine. Just correct or incorrect.

    Mr. Sonderling. I read that as well.

    Senator Kaine. Probationary employees. Just so folks know, 
they're not on probation because they did something wrong. What 
that means is they're new employees, and they tend to either be 
young employees or career switchers, like veterans.

    Veterans serve in the military. I have a veteran who served 
for 25 years in the Marine Corps, lives in Dumfries, Virginia. 
Mr. Musel is his name, service-disabled vet, 5 years. Deployed 
in Iraq and Afghanistan multiple times. He left the military as 
a colonel in 2019 and got a job with a Federal agency for 4 
years, and then he got recruited to join another Federal agency 
in March of last year. And he served, and now he's 30 years of 
service to the country, but he's a probationary employee and he 
just got fired.

    The numbers are coming in. People like you generally can't 
answer questions like this in hearings, but the numbers coming 
in suggest that Donald Trump has fired more veterans than any 
President in the history of the United States in 6 weeks. Is 
that a good thing or a bad thing, or are you indifferent to it?

    Mr. Sonderling. If confirmed, I can promise you that I will 
follow all applicable law or make sure the H.R. department----

    Senator Kaine. But that's not all applicable laws. The ``if 
confirmed'' line works for somebody who isn't in the building. 
People have been using that line if they're not in the 
building. I can't expect them to have answers to questions. You 
are a special advisor to the acting Secretary of Labor, and 
I've asked you a question. Is mass firing of veterans who are 
Federal employees a good thing, a bad thing, or are you 
indifferent to it?

    Mr. Sonderling. First of all I truly respect all veterans 
in the service of their country. I've hired veterans, veterans 
who've worked for me. I understand the sacrifice they've made. 
Personally----

    Senator Kaine. Do you dispute what I am saying that 
veterans are disproportionately suffering by the Trump layoff 
policies?

    Mr. Sonderling. Senator, I haven't done the workforce 
analysis.

    Senator Kaine. You can't dispute it, but you recognize what 
I've said. That 30 percent of the workforce is veterans, and 
veterans are disproportionately in probationary status because 
they've come from one Federal agency to become a civilian with 
the Federal Government.

    Mr. Sonderling. I can assure you that the professional 
career staff at HR, the Department of Labor, and the 
Solicitor's Office, who are complying with all executive orders 
and OPM directives are absolute professionals, and will follow 
the law, and have a duty to make sure that nobody is 
discriminated against.

    Senator Kaine. When you are aware that the workplace is 
disproportionately veteran, and you engage in mass layoffs, 
you're disproportionately affecting veterans. The civilian 
workforce is less than 5 percent veteran. The Federal workforce 
is 30 percent veteran. You have said that you have an interest 
in protecting all Americans' rights in the workplace, but you 
can't even answer a question that I'm asking you about your own 
workforce.

    Now, I know you've only been there for 6 weeks, but you are 
in a highly elevated position. You can't tell me how many folks 
have been fired, you can't tell me how many are veterans, 
you're not exactly sure who could give you the answer. You 
haven't apparently been interested enough to get the 
information to be able to answer my questions. I just want to 
hold you to your standard. If you want to protect all Americans 
rights in the workplace, that better include veterans. I yield 
back.

    The Chairman. Senator Husted.

    Senator Husted. Thank you, Chairman Cassidy. Mr. 
Sonderling, welcome, and congratulations on your nomination. On 
the first Friday of each month, at 8.30 in the morning, the 
Bureau of Labor Statistics announces a jobs report. In my 
previous work as lieutenant Governor of Ohio, I was in charge 
of economic development and workforce development, we used to 
watch that report very closely in instructing our work.

    We would certainly though not watch it as closely as the 
Federal Reserve, who makes interest rate decisions based on 
that, and certainly not as closely as the stock market and the 
people who invest in this Nation, because those statistics are 
really important for a lot of people in making decisions about 
where the direction of the economy is going.

    On that basis of how important that is, I was shocked in 
August 2024 to find out that the BLS over reported the number 
of jobs between March 2023 and March 2024 during the Biden 
administration by 818,000 jobs, 30 percent overestimate about 
the number of jobs that were created during that time period. 
That's stunning to think that could have happened by that large 
of a margin.

    I'm interested in knowing, because this is a time when we 
have access to all kinds of data. We have more data and more 
ways to collect information than ever. I'm interested in, 
clearly this is a flawed system, is it subjected to 
manipulation? Is it incompetence or is it just an outdated way 
of trying to make these measurements? And so, my question is, 
what can we do to improve that, do you have thoughts?

    Mr. Sonderling. Thank you, Senator, and for raising that 
issue. You and I have discussed this at length, and I think the 
first and foremost related to public trust in transparency in 
any of these positions is paramount to anything. And if the 
public cannot trust the Federal agencies to be doing the jobs 
that they're supposed to be doing, it's going to be very 
difficult for these agencies to continue their mission.

    That's what I'm very excited about President Trump's 
leadership and this Administration, that's why he was voted 
into office to be able to bring back that public trust and 
transparency in these organizations. To your specific question, 
the Bureau of Labor Statistics that does the jobs reports where 
you reference on the job correction, which obviously made 
national news is an agency that's independent of the Department 
of Labor.

    What I can promise you is that if confirmed, we will work 
with our partners at the bureau of Labor Statistics, to ensure 
that they have all the resources they need to be able to 
accurately and timely put out the job numbers without 
questions.

    Senator Husted. That's great, because I think this is an 
incredibly important issue in terms of how decisions get made 
in this country. It is a matter of public trust and I would ask 
you to report back to us on what you learn as you take a look 
at this and how we can get better.

    Senator Marshall talked to you a little bit about 
apprentices and how we can get better. Have you given any 
thought to the idea that a lot of jobs today we are saying you 
need a college degree for, but really you could just apprentice 
that job and credential that job, and it might not need a 
college degree to be able to, go to teach in high school for 
auto body repair or some of these many career tech kind of jobs 
that the workplace experience that you had out in the 
marketplace may be a better way for you to do this. And is 
there any way that we could improve upon that, do you believe?

    Mr. Sonderling. Absolutely. And this was part of President 
Trump's campaign to improve the life of American worker for 
them to have choices. And it shouldn't be workers, students 
should have options if they want to go to a 4-year college and 
pursue that. They should be able to, if they want to go into 
trades or vocational or any of these different apprenticeship 
programs, we should encourage and do both.

    I think that the Department of Labor plays the strongest 
role ensuring for those who do not want to go to the 
traditional 4-year colleges to get into the many options we 
have on various workforce development training programs, 
whether it's apprenticeships or other kinds of participating 
bodies we have at the department in ETA related to ways to 
develop a workforce.

    Senator Husted. Great. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

    The Chairman. Senator Hassan.

    Senator Hassan. Well, thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, 
and good morning, Mr. Sonderling. Congratulations to you and 
your family on your nomination.

    Mr. Sonderling. Thank you, Senator.

    Senator Hassan. Just a couple of things. First of all, as I 
understand it, last week at your staff interview, you were 
asked some of the very questions about numbers of layoffs at 
the Department of Labor that Senator Kaine just asked you. And 
so, if you were, in fact, interested, given that you are in 
fact a senior advisor at the department, we would've expected 
you to have gone back and been prepared for those questions and 
had answers.

    It is concerning, and it raises a little bit of skepticism 
on my mind about how interested you are really about who's 
being laid off at the Department of Labor and what kind of 
``process'' a term I'm using loosely, because it doesn't seem 
there is any process with this Administration about how they're 
going about these layoffs was used.

    But let me start with a question I've been asking all 
nominees. And it's a really simple question, and it is related 
to recent events. If directed by the President of the United 
States to take an action that would break the law, would you 
follow the law or follow the President's directive?

    Mr. Sonderling. President Trump would never ask me to do 
that.

    Senator Hassan. President Trump, let's just be really 
clear, is a convicted felon. He has violated the Impoundment 
Control Act that has been ruled constitutional by the U.S. 
Supreme Court. He has pardoned violent offenders, some of whom 
have now been rearrested for new acts of violence, including 
rape, and he has just aligned the United States of America and 
a vote at the United Nations with two of the most brutal 
dictators in modern history, Russia, and North Korea. So, the 
notion that he wouldn't direct you to do something that breaks 
the law stretches----

    Now, second question. I am really concerned about attempts 
by members of Elon Musk's DOGE effort to access sensitive data 
in DOL systems without proper oversight. And I have a series of 
questions to ask you on this topic.

    First, the Department of Labor Systems include the medical 
information of people who file workers' compensation claims, as 
well as the identities and personal information of people who 
file other employment and whistleblower complaints against 
corporations. If confirmed, how will you protect sensitive 
personal information at DOL?

    Mr. Sonderling. Well, first of all, Senator, the U.S. 
Department of Labor is subject to a lawsuit by multiple unions 
regarding DOGE's access to the department.

    Senator Hassan. How are you going to go ahead, independent 
of that, what steps will you take to protect sensitive personal 
information at DOL?

    Mr. Sonderling. I just have to let you know that the 
Department of Justice is representing DOL in all DOGE matters 
and all questions related to DOGE are being dealt with in the 
court.

    Senator Hassan. It is really disappointing to me how eager 
you are to evade giving direct answers here. I'm also concerned 
that Elon Musk and any other member of DOGE could advance their 
own private business interests by exploiting sensitive 
information or undermining investigations at DOL. These 
conflicts of interest are real.

    If confirmed, how would you address these significant 
conflicts of interest? Conflicts that exist because DOGE has 
members who have had unfettered access to data that they can 
use for their personal and financial benefit?

    Mr. Sonderling. Well, broadly, in this Administration, the 
President's committed that there are no conflicts of interest 
in relating to the Department of Labor. I'm very confident in 
the career solicitors and the career ethics officers who will 
ensure that there are no conflicts within the department.

    Senator Hassan. Mr. Musk has extraordinary conflicts of 
interest. This is a guy who's gotten $38 billion in subsidies 
from the Federal Government. This is a guy who has ongoing 
investigations by the Department of Labor because of complaints 
from his employees. This is a guy who we don't know how he 
plans to use the data, and whether he's planning to export it 
all to his own platforms to build his financial business.

    You are a skilled lawyer the answers to these questions, 
and your unwillingness to either stand up to the President, 
acknowledge that this is a President who isn't interested in 
following the law, and refusal to tell me that you will stand 
up for the people who work for the Department of Labor, whose 
data is kept by the Department of Labor, for the workers who 
are supposed to count on the Department of Labor to have their 
back is really, really disappointing.

    My last question for you is about child labor violations 
and what you will do to protect child labor. But seeing that 
I'm out of time, I'm going to yield back, and will submit that 
question for the record.

    Mr. Sonderling. Thank you, Senator.

    Senator Banks. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Sonderling, I 
want to ask you the same question I asked Ms. Chavez-DeRemer, 
what does it mean to put American workers first in the 21st 
century economy?

    Mr. Sonderling. Well, thank you, Senator Banks. I really 
enjoyed our conversation and working with your team. And this 
is what President Trump was elected for. And this is why I'm 
excited to join this Administration. It's about putting the 
American worker first, period. And the duty of all his entire 
Administration, and also the Department of Labor, is to make 
sure that the American worker is protected in all the various 
areas.

    Now, why I'm personally biased and excited about the 
Department of Labor is because it meets all the different areas 
that President Trump campaigned on for the workforce, whether 
it's protecting worker salaries, whether its protecting 
retirees benefits and pension plans, whether it's helping 
America be healthy again through ensuring transparency in 
healthcare plans.

    It's just the entire scope of the Department of Labor from 
A to Z will really help move forward the President's agenda, 
what he wants with the workforce, which I know I'm sounding 
repetitive because that's about putting the American worker 
first and nobody else.

    Senator Banks. Very good. Our artificial intelligence holds 
a lot of promise, increased productivity, innovation in the 
economy, but it also threatens to wipe out a lot of jobs. How 
do we balance those two concerns that we have? One, with 
growing our economy and the other with the jobs that could be 
lost through AI and other innovation.

    Mr. Sonderling. We have to look at this in various ways. 
The first and foremost position is that any use of artificial 
intelligence in the workforce, and something, obviously, I'm 
very passionate about, complies with longstanding laws or it's 
civil rights laws, whether it's health and safety laws, to 
ensure that it's being used properly on the American workforce 
to actually help make them more productive, help make their 
jobs better, safer, more secure. And there's a lot of promise 
with AI on that.

    But on the flip side, if we don't have those American 
values built into it, if we don't have those civil rights 
protections built into artificial intelligence, not only are 
people potentially going to be discriminate, but the products 
are not going to be able to do what they are intended to do.

    That's always been a passion of mine, but now in this role 
as the Department of Labor, it's much broader than that. Now, 
how do we make sure, No. 1, that the American workers are 
actually the ones being able to be trained on this, to be able 
to use it. How do we develop those programs in place, the 
Department of Labor, to train the next generation of workers to 
be confident about using AI, to not feel like it's going to 
make them lose their jobs, but it's going to make their jobs 
better.

    I think that's a very important part of this 
Administration. And then of course we have to make sure that 
the products continue to be developed here and not overseas. 
And how do we do that, again, through that proper workforce 
training that we've been discussing.

    Senator Banks. It's illegal to hire illegal immigrants. But 
companies that hire illegal immigrants often commit other 
crimes, wage theft, or breaking child labor laws, for example. 
I assume you agree that putting American workers first means 
that we hold companies accountable that break the law and hire 
illegal immigrants.

    My first question on that note is why did the Biden 
administration refuse to allow ICE to go into businesses to 
correct down on big businesses who hired illegals?

    Mr. Sonderling. Senator, I don't know what was going on 
during the Biden administration at ICE or the Department of 
Labor, but I can assure you in the Trump administration that 
you can enforce all laws, and you don't have to not enforce 
certain laws at the detriment to other laws. Whether it's 
immigration laws, whether it's employment laws, they can all be 
enforced together.

    If confirmed as Deputy Secretary of Labor, you will have my 
full commitment that all of the laws that the Department of 
Labor enforces will be enforced, and all other agencies will 
also be able to enforce their laws equally as well.

    Senator Banks. I understand that Department of Labor shares 
some of these responsibilities with ICE, who is the enforcement 
arm. But correct me if I'm wrong, but is it true that the Biden 
Department of Labor blocked ICE from entering workplaces to 
enforce labor laws?

    Mr. Sonderling. If confirmed, I can certainly work with you 
on those issues to see what was going on.

    Senator Banks. But can you commit to us today that along 
with secretary to be, Chavez-DeRemer, that you will not block 
Federal law enforcement agencies from going into the workplace 
to enforce those laws, to put American Workers first?

    Mr. Sonderling. We will work with all of our Federal 
partners to make sure that all laws of the United States, and 
there's 180 of them at the Department of Labor, are fully 
enforced.

    Senator Banks. Yes, Mr. Chairman, it's crazy to me that the 
last Administration would block law enforcement from going into 
workplaces to enforce these important laws. So that's the most 
important commitment that I've heard today. I appreciate you 
being here. You have my full support. I yield back.

    Mr. Sonderling. Thank you, Senator.

    The Chairman. Senator Blunt-Rochester.

    Senator Blunt Rochester. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And thank 
you, Mr. Sonderling, for the meeting that we had. I will tell 
you, I started my work here today with a list of questions. But 
as I've heard other Senators ask questions, I've gotten more 
and more concerned. I'm concerned when Senator Murray asked you 
if companies that discriminate should receive taxpayer dollars, 
you did not give a clear answer.

    I'm concerned that when the question of supporting people 
with disabilities and protecting them with their rights came 
up, and the question of, well how does that relate to DEI and 
how does that relate to civil rights protections, you were not 
clear. I'm concerned that when we met, I asked you specifically 
about the employees at the department and how many of them were 
let go, or what should be the responsibility of this department 
for those workers, and numerous Senators asked the same 
question, and it still wasn't clear.

    I, literally, while I was sitting here, did a Google search 
and found on Bloomberg Law, information about how many 
employees from the Department of Labor were let go. And so, I 
understand the saying that we or you, and this Administration 
support American workers, but to the people who are dealing 
with avian flu, to the veterans who make up almost a third of 
the workforce, and half of those are disabled veterans, to the 
individuals who were nuclear scientists that protected our 
safety, to all of these workers, I don't think they feel very 
much seen or protected and that has impact on all of us, all of 
our safety, all of our health.

    I only really have one question. My question is, are these 
employees also the American workforce that you would put first?

    Mr. Sonderling. Of course.

    Senator Blunt Rochester. I don't feel it, they don't feel 
it. We're not seeing it. And we're all starting to feel the 
impacts of this arbitrary in some ways, using a chainsaw to get 
rid of employees that really do make a difference in our lives.

    I shared with you; I was the former Secretary of Labor from 
the State of Delaware. What we are seeing is not workforce 
planning. What we are seeing is not smart when we have a 
national workforce shortage, and we are just firing people that 
we need. So that was my only question. Again, very 
disappointed, and again I would love not to see this same 
pattern of nominees coming in and saying, I'm sorry, I'm not in 
there yet, I can't answer that question, especially when you 
actually are in the department. I yield back.

    Mr. Sonderling. Thank you, Senator.

    Senator Murkowski. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And Mr. 
Chairman, I was not here when we took the vote before the 
Committee to confirm or to advance Lori Chavez-DeRemer to be 
the Secretary of Labor. I intended to support her nomination 
moving out of Committee. If it's appropriate, I would ask 
unanimous consent to be recorded as yes, by proxy.

    The Chairman. Without objection.

    Senator Murkowski. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Sonderling, 
thank you for the opportunity for discussion last week. As I 
shared with you, probably at greater length than you wanted.

    Mr. Sonderling. I enjoyed it very much.

    Senator Murkowski. Well, you learned a lot about fish and 
that's Okay.

    Mr. Sonderling. Yes. Slime. We're going to do it together.

    Senator Murkowski. Yes, we're going to take you out there, 
you're going to see for yourself. But I shared with you the 
disappointment that I've had over the years, that the 
department can be an obstacle to us in obtaining H-2B workers 
by not processing timely these labor certifications. I shared 
that I think that the system is broken.

    We need these workers. We would love to do nothing more 
than to have a hundred percent American workers. But our 
reality is despite every effort that we have made, we have been 
not successful with that. And if we don't have the workers, the 
fish can't be processed and we have an industry that falls to 
its knees. So, I really appreciate your commitment to working 
with me to help meet Alaska's seafood workforce needs. So, I 
look forward to it.

    Mr. Sonderling. You have my full commitment. We had a long, 
very technical discussion about the H-2B program, but I really 
think that's a very good example of why there's a need for that 
program. And as you know, the Department of Labor's 
jurisdiction related to this, it's not only to test the labor 
market, whether it be salaries or actually workforce, but this 
is an example where there, is no local workforce. And we need 
this program to be able to succeed in both Alaska, Maryland, 
Virginia, closer by, with the seasons and the technicalities of 
this.

    I am fully committed to working on that with you together 
to make sure that the seafood seasons, which don't align 
necessarily with other temporary working seasons, that we are 
able to process those too. You have my full commitment on that.

    Senator Murkowski. Good. I look forward to working on that. 
Let me shift to our veterans. The Veterans Employment and 
Training Services overseas program designed to help our vets 
transitioning service members and our military spouses. This as 
important as they're seeking to gain meaningful employment. An 
assistant secretary for this program for vets hasn't been 
nominated yet.

    Can you commit to prioritizing appointing a veteran who has 
firsthand experience with the challenges of transitioning to 
civilian development? Can you give me that kind of an 
assurance? I think it's important.

    Mr. Sonderling. Absolutely. Let me say a few things on 
this. It is very important in my opinion, that a veteran lead 
that department and one that understands the complexities of 
leaving service and coming into the private sector workforce, 
somebody could actually help them with the military codes, 
change it to their resume and see that the types of jobs that 
are best to their skills.

    That's a huge part of the vet's remit to ensure that not 
only there's funding and training for that, but you actually 
can do that. I think you have my full commitment, and I'm going 
to speak on behalf of hopefully soon to be Labor Secretary, 
that we will ensure that role gets filled.

    Senator Murkowski. Great, thank you. I appreciate that. It 
is key, it's significant. And that kind of experience, you just 
can't replicate without having had that veteran background. I 
was here when Senator Hassan was talking about the sensitivity 
of information at Department of Labor, and know that this 
Senator shares the concern about the confidentiality of that.

    We can talk pros and cons about how DOGE is moving through, 
but as I'm talking to Alaskans, one of the concerns that I'm 
hearing is we don't know why there are those who are gaining 
access. It may be fine, it may be not, but I'm nervous about 
it. I think that we can alleviate anxiety and nervousness by 
just saying your sensitive data is going to remain 
confidential. So, I just wanted to put that out there on the 
record for that.

    I want to talk to you about apprenticeships and we've 
shared the concerns that we have in rural areas. It's just 
hard. You've got folks who want to be part of the skilled 
workforce, but I think we need to find some more creative ways 
to support workforce development in rural areas. Not just 
Alaska, other parts of the country where communities aren't 
kind of disconnected from the traditional workforce.

    I don't know if you have any specifics that you can give me 
in 20 seconds, or just a commitment, but we need to focus on 
this rural workforce.

    Mr. Sonderling. You have my full commitment, and as we 
discussed through my last time at Wage and Hour, I studied the 
Alaska workforce, both from a DOL perspective and the needs 
that the Department of Labor needs to give there. And you have 
my full commitment that we will work together again in this 
Administration to make sure that all aspects of the Department 
of Labor Programs are available in Alaska.

    Senator Murkowski. Good. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

    The Chairman. Senator Alsobrooks.

    Senator Alsobrooks. Thank you so much, Mr. Chair. And good 
morning to you, Mr. Sonderling, and thank you for being here. 
Now, you've talked a lot in various points today included about 
your deep respect for civil servants and for those who are 
career service at the Department of Labor and the important 
work that they do there every single day. Yet unfortunately, 
this Administration continues to attack these workers.

    The Department of Labor civil servants received the same e-
mail, as others across government over the weekend, telling 
them to submit five bullet points describing the work that they 
had done over the last week, with Elon Musk saying to them that 
a failure to respond would be considered a resignation.

    Now, this directive, and I believe this was the point of 
it, caused chaos, confusion, and fear for department employees. 
And the Department of Labor staff apparently received because 
of the sheer incompetence of this Administration, mixed 
messages from their supervisors on how to respond. Now, some 
managers told staff that the choice to respond was at their 
discretion. And so, I would like to know who was involved in 
making decisions at the department regarding the guidance that 
was given to department employees.

    Mr. Sonderling. Well, thank you, Senator, for that 
question. The directives that come from OPM, whether it's the 
guidance related to responding to e-mails or not, goes to the 
Office of Assistant Secretary for Management at Department of 
Labor, which is the H.R. department at DOL. So, any kind of 
response or not response, how to deal with it, I would have to 
defer to the professional staff at the H.R. department in DOL.

    Senator Alsobrooks. Were you involved in that decision-
making?

    Mr. Sonderling. I was not, and I did receive that e-mail 
myself.

    Senator Alsobrooks. Well, you are a senior leader in the 
Administration on the landing team, is that correct?

    Mr. Sonderling. I've been in the Administration since the 
first day as an advisor, correct.

    Senator Alsobrooks. Okay. And so how is it possible that 
you weren't involved in such a high-level decision as a person 
who's a senior part of the transition team? You've been there 
in the building, you have been a part of the landing team, how 
is it possible that you weren't involved?

    Mr. Sonderling. It is a large agency, and there's 
professional career staff that handle various aspects of the 
department. The specific questions you're asking about go to 
the professional staff in the human resources divisions, which 
I don't manage and I don't have authority over. And I trust 
them fully.

    Senator Alsobrooks. But you were aware of these 
discussions?

    Mr. Sonderling. I was not involved in these discussions.

    Senator Alsobrooks. But you were aware of the discussions 
and aware of the decision that was made to send this out?

    Mr. Sonderling. No. From OPM?

    Senator Alsobrooks. From Elon Musk.

    Mr. Sonderling. I was not involved in any of that. I 
received the e-mail and same time everyone did on Saturday 
after I read about it on Twitter.

    Senator Alsobrooks. Which I think, again, points to the 
sheer incompetence. To even send the e-mail to you, says 
something horrible about the people in the building. But given 
the issues with conflicting guidance, which we now acknowledge, 
you acknowledge that there were issues with this conflicting 
guidance, since you yourself received one of the ridiculous e-
mails, I'd like to know, can you commit that no one will lose 
their job due to the perceived non-compliance with Elon Musk's 
order?

    Mr. Sonderling. If confirmed, and I have oversight of the 
H.R. department. I will commit to you that our H.R. 
professional career staff will follow all directives and all 
laws.

    Senator Alsobrooks. Okay. That doesn't necessarily answer 
the question because there are people who were on maternity 
leave who received these messages and others. Will you commit 
to protect those individuals who had no opportunity to apply or 
respond?

    Mr. Sonderling. I will make sure that the professional 
career staff in the H.R. department follows all regulations and 
all laws, and I trust them to do that.

    Senator Alsobrooks. Well, do those laws include collective 
bargaining agreements?

    Mr. Sonderling. The department, obviously, has collective 
bargaining agreements with various Federal Government unions. 
There are divisions within the Department of Labor in that same 
H.R. group that handles all of those. They are the 
professionals in managing collective bargaining agreements and 
the unions, and I trust them fully to do their jobs.

    Senator Alsobrooks. Well, the reason I ask is because Ms. 
Chavez-DeRemer, who's here I know today, was unable to 
affirmatively commit to abiding to all terms and conditions of 
collective bargaining agreements between the Department of 
Agency staff saying instead, I will work with the experts to 
understand the collective bargaining process at the department. 
So, can you commit to abide by all terms and conditions of the 
department's collective bargaining agreement? And do you 
understand the collective bargaining process?

    Mr. Sonderling. I am not a traditional labor lawyer. But I 
know we have a lot of experts at the Department of Labor career 
staff in the solicitor's office that are experts in dealing 
with Federal Government unions and collective bargaining and I 
trust them.

    Senator Alsobrooks. You're a labor and employment attorney, 
and you were a leader at the department for years. Correct?

    Mr. Sonderling. That's correct.

    Senator Alsobrooks. You don't know about collective 
bargaining agreements?

    Mr. Sonderling. I know about them, but I would trust the 
experts who have done this in their entire career to help guide 
us.

    Senator Alsobrooks. Thank you.

    Mr. Sonderling. Thank you.

    The Chairman. Senator Hawley.

    Senator Hawley. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Sonderling, 
nice to see you again. I enjoyed our conversation the other 
day. I've been talking about a pro worker framework for policy 
and legislation that I hope to advance in this Congress doing 
common sense things like delivering transparency in the 
workforce, holding abusive employers accountable, making union 
elections fair and timely, getting fair and timely initial 
contracts when employees vote for union and boosting penalties 
for unfair treatment.

    You and I have talked about this. You kindly offered in my 
office to work with me, and provide technical feedback on the 
legislation and other forms of support. Are you willing to 
reaffirm that today and to help us as we try to advance in this 
Congress legislation that will protect workers along the lines 
that President Trump has talked about and also strengthen our 
economy?

    Mr. Sonderling. Senator, I enjoyed our conversation. I 
enjoy not only your passion for the workforce, but also 
President Trump's vision on bringing everyone together in his 
Administration. And as we discussed for you or any other 
Senator, you have the full resources of the Department of Labor 
for any technical assistance on any part of the bills that this 
Congress decides that they would like to move forward or any of 
the Senators want to sponsor.

    We will be there to assist, you providing technical 
guidance through both our political and career staff to make 
sure that you all can pass legislation.

    Senator Hawley. Very good. Thank you for that. Let me ask 
you a little bit about artificial intelligence, which is 
something else that you and I discussed, and I enjoyed our 
conversation. You talked about your tenure at the EEOC and your 
role that you played, helping to determine the appropriate uses 
for AI in hiring. What role do you think AI should play when it 
comes to Federal hiring?

    Mr. Sonderling. I think that we have to look at this, 
whether it's the Federal Government or the private sector, the 
same way. The tools that are being developed out of Silicon 
Valley are being used in the hiring process, not just here in 
the U.S. but across the world. And I think the U.S. needs to 
obviously lead in that innovation, and we need to keep that 
innovation here, but how do we do that?

    That's what we discussed, making sure that all these tools 
are designed in accordance with our longstanding loss, no 
matter what the use is. We talked about employment, but there's 
obviously a lot of different kinds of uses of artificial 
intelligence. And we are not going to be able to succeed as a 
global leader in AI without making sure that the products are 
developed, designed, and deployed in accordance with the laws 
that Congress have passed. Not new laws yet, not new government 
bodies but with what we have in the executive branch.

    There's a lot of old laws that we can apply to this. 
They're not outdated. That's our job to apply.

    Senator Hawley. Let me just zoom out on this a little bit 
and ask you more broadly. Many American workers are very 
concerned about losing their jobs to AI, concerns that I think 
are very well-founded. What is your message to American workers 
who feel at risk from this so-called AI revolution and think, 
gee, pretty soon, I'm not going to have a job at all?

    Mr. Sonderling. Well, this is a very, very important 
conversation and another conversation on how we win making sure 
that all workplace workers who are going to be either using 
these tools, subject to these tools are not fearful that 
they're going to be replaced by them.

    That's really working with the entire AI community, whether 
it's the venture capitalists, the vendors, to ensure that these 
products are developed, designed, and deployed with that in 
mind, that this is going to essentially make your job easier, 
better, and you could be more enjoyable and thrive more in the 
workplace and not having that fear of displacement.

    If these tools are used to displace workers, that's a whole 
different conversation that we need to have before that occurs, 
to make sure that all protections in the workforce are built 
into these systems. Because if they're not, then that's a part 
we could use law enforcement if jobs are improperly being 
displaced by our artificial intelligence the same way we would 
do if it was by humans.

    Senator Hawley. Yes. I'm glad to hear that answer. And I 
just want to register concern here that I've registered in 
other context, which is we hear a lot about the AI revolution 
and how wonderful it's going to be for workers. And I hope 
that's true, and I think it should be the business of this 
Congress to make sure it is true.

    Because what I am not willing to see are large amounts of 
jobs, really any number of good paying jobs, ruined, destroyed, 
taken by AI. We have too few good paying blue-collar jobs in 
this country. I don't want an AI revolution that takes away 
even more of those jobs.

    I remember when the CEO of Microsoft not so long ago, was 
sitting where you're sitting and testifying before a different 
committee of which I was a member, and he said, oh, we should 
love AI. It's wonderful. Soon we will automate and take away 
all kinds of non-creative jobs that we really don't need in 
this country anymore. Like everyone who might work at a service 
restaurant, for example, we just won't need any of those 
people.

    I said to him that's not a utopia. That sounds to me like a 
dystopia. That sounds to me like you're eliminating hundreds of 
thousands, millions of jobs, that are often the way that 
workers get their foot in the door, they get into the labor 
force. So, I'm glad to hear your answers. I'm glad for your 
work, and we've got to make sure that our workers are 
benefiting from this technology not being ravaged and preyed 
upon by this technology.

    Mr. Sonderling. Thank you, Senator.

    The Chairman. Senator Kim.

    Senator Kim. Thank you, Chair. I actually just want to pick 
up exactly where they left off. I was just trying to get a 
little bit more clarity on your position regarding AI. I saw a 
quote that you had given previously where you said, ``less 
enforcement we have'', and you were talking about Federal 
regulation, ``less enforcement we have on AI is a good thing 
because employees aren't having their rights violated and 
employers aren't violating these laws''.

    I guess I just wanted to ask you more specifically, what 
role do you think the Federal Government can and should play 
when it comes to AI regulation as we're worried in a bipartisan 
way about job loss and replacement, not augmentation of work, 
but replacement.

    Mr. Sonderling. I'm not sure I said it exactly like that, 
but what I meant to say, if AI can actually be designed in 
accordance with, not only our Nation's laws and our Nation's 
values, we can hopefully, with a lot of qualifiers, get to a 
place where AI discriminates less than humans in the employment 
application process throughout the employee life cycle.

    As a former Commissioner at the EEOC, we see that bias and 
employment decision-making occurs and there's a lot of 
statistics related to that. What I was saying, if AI is 
designed, developed, and deployed in a transparent matter where 
we can understand what the factors are that go into that, it 
can discriminate less, and if there's less discrimination, 
there's less enforcement. That was the context of that.

    Senator Kim. Okay. On the employment side of things?

    Mr. Sonderling. Well, it was very much on the employment 
side in a very specific context. And what I was arguing there 
is, if we have it right, we can actually have a contemporaneous 
record of how an employment decision was being made.

    If you think right now, how an employment decision is being 
made, if there's bias, we don't know what was in that hiring 
manager's brain. We can't crack that. And when you ask somebody 
if they discriminated, very rarely does ever anyone actually 
ever admit that. So, what I was saying is that if we get the AI 
transparent, we can actually see those employment decisions, 
see if it was fair or see it was bias. And that's very hard to 
do right now without technology.

    Senator Kim. That's a helpful clarification. I guess I'd 
like to expand it and get your sense then, kind of along the 
lines of what my colleague was just asking. Are there any 
particular industries and sectors where you think that AI and 
next generation technologies can get to a place where they are 
replacing and displacing workers? Not augmenting. I'm just 
wondering, are there certain areas, certain sectors, certain 
types of jobs you are worried about and you would want to keep 
an eye on as the deputy?

    Mr. Sonderling. Yes, that's a great question. And there's 
been a lot of very fancy studies done on this. And I'm putting 
my former EEOC commissioner hat on. What I was concerned with 
from that job is who would disproportionately impact from a 
discrimination standpoint?

    Senator Kim. Sorry, I'm not asking about the employment 
side. I'm asking about actually, like are you worried about, 
for instance, the trucking industry? Are you worried about?

    Mr. Sonderling. Yes.

    Senator Kim. I'm trying to help people in New Jersey, 
across this country understand what are the vulnerabilities 
when it comes to our workforce, when it comes to AI, and get 
your perspective as someone who may very well play a critical 
role in this.

    Mr. Sonderling. This is where we have to use the other side 
of the Department of Labor to make sure that if there are 
people being displaced by AI jobs, which I was getting to, is 
inevitable, that we have the tools to be able to re-skill, 
upskill whatever the fancy buzz word----

    Senator Kim. My question is, what jobs are you worried 
about? What industries are you worried about? And then we can 
hone in and figure out how to try to address that, how to be 
able to provide people in those industries, certain types of 
training and whatnot.

    Mr. Sonderling. Well, I mean, if you look at the jobs being 
displaced by generative AI, a lot of those are knowledge worker 
jobs. A lot of those are jobs that have been historically done 
within an office. And now that's an area that we need to re-
skill and make sure that there are remaining parts of their 
job. And if not, where else in the workforce do they fit with 
those skills that they previously had?

    Senator Kim. I just want to switch here and just switch 
gears. I just want to ask you; do you support the work that 
OSHA does regarding safe workplaces and environments?

    Mr. Sonderling. Of course, it is one of the most important 
missions that the Department of Labor to ensure that all 
workers have a healthy and safe workplace.

    Senator Kim. Do you think OSHA has been sufficiently funded 
over the years?

    Mr. Sonderling. I am committed to doing a full workplace 
analysis, not just on OSHA, but every other enforcement agency 
within the Department of Labor to make sure that each agency 
has the investigative and law enforcement and safety resources 
that they need.

    Senator Kim. There have been some efforts in the past to 
try to cut OSHA. When I was over in the house, we saw $95 
million proposals by the House of Republicans to cut OSHA. Does 
that concern you at all?

    Mr. Sonderling. If confirmed, I will look at all the, not 
only the workplace makeup, but also the budgetary needs for the 
department and work with the White House and this Congress to 
make sure that the agencies are able to function with the 
proper budget.

    Senator Kim. But you recognize the importance of this, and 
if you're confirmed, you'll work with this Committee to make 
sure that it's being protected to the level that we need to 
ensure safe work environments.

    Mr. Sonderling. I will confirm and ensure you that for all 
the agencies within the Department of Labor are all very 
important. And as Deputy Secretary, we will make sure that 
everyone has the resources they need.

    Senator Kim. Thank you, I yield back.

    The Chairman. Senator Moody.

    Senator Moody. Thank you, Chairman. Mr. Soderling. No. 1, 
go Gators.

    Mr. Sonderling. Go Gators.

    Senator Moody. Important. We must get that out of the way.

    Mr. Sonderling. You missed a photo with two Florida 
Senator, former Senator George was here a while ago.

    The Chairman. Go Gators is ruled out of order.

    [Laughter.]

    Mr. Sonderling. Oh, I just lost my confirmation. Go Tigers.

    [Laughter.]

    Senator Moody. I did not see the former LeMieux who I have 
the honor of now serving in his Senatorial line. So, it's such 
a privilege.

    Mr. Sonderling. You missed the forward picture.

    Senator Moody. We'll have to make up for that. The first 
time we met was in the office when I got to interview for this 
important nomination. I was so impressed with you, not just 
because of your incredible educational pedigree, but your grasp 
of what this department does, what it is meant to do, what it 
is not meant to do, and the way that you have volunteered so 
selflessly when you could be doing so much in the private 
world, probably to your pecuniary benefit, but using your 
talents and your gifts of God to benefit this Nation and this 
country that you love. It was very inspiring to me, and I just 
want you to know that.

    Mr. Sonderling. Thank you.

    Senator Moody. American labor plays a vital role in 
creating our wealth in this Nation. It's with the department's 
founding that the Federal Government sought to balance the 
rights of the American laborer with the innovation and growth 
of American industry. And this was a noble goal that was set 
forth in our earliest days.

    Although we were not always perfect, it was through our 
efforts of a self-governing people, and through our innovation 
that we came to create the freest and most dynamic economy in 
the world. Yet under the previous Administration, I was 
surprised and disappointed when I saw the department veer from 
this crucial mission, and instead, take many times a hostile 
stand against the independence of the American worker and the 
productivity of American business.

    Rather than facilitate the collaboration and cooperation 
between Americans in all sectors, the Administration seemed to 
divide American from American. In pursuit of political and 
ideological ends, Biden appointed officials over zealously 
interpreted the law to the detriment of Americans and attack 
states that deviated from their ideological line. We talked a 
lot about this during your interview.

    In Florida, we had Federal funding threatened because our 
legislature, as representatives of the people of Florida, dared 
to pass a law that limited automatic dues withdrawals from 
paychecks and other common-sense reforms. And in response, I 
filed suit on behalf of Florida. And I believe the department 
can play a vital role in growing our economy, and at the same 
time, protecting the American worker while respecting the 
rights of the states to pass common sense laws.

    I think it is very, very important right now at this moment 
in our Country's history, that the American worker and the 
American business and the American economy comes first. And we 
can do that at the same time, and I believe you and your team 
will make that a reality.

    But the Department of Labor must return to its core 
mission, and that is to help make this country productive 
again. And I just want to get from you, Mr. Sonderling, I know 
we talked about several things in our meeting, but when the 
Biden administration threatened to withhold Federal funding 
after Florida enacted landmark legislation that enabled public 
workers to make their own decisions on whether to join a union 
and prohibited unions from withdrawing union dues directly from 
employees paychecks without their consent, we had to bring 
litigation over that because $800 million was on the line to 
our state. I would like to know how you will prevent that from 
happening in the future, and do you respect the rights of 
states to enact common sense right-to-work laws?

    Mr. Sonderling. Thank you, Senator. And No. 1, as you know, 
this issue is in litigation, and the Department of Justice 
represents the Department of Labor. However I can assure you as 
Deputy Secretary of Labor, all the laws that the U.S. 
Department of Labor enforces will be done so fairly and without 
any political bias or prejudice, period.

    I think to just speaking broadly about the Department of 
Labor under the Federal Transit Act related to certifying the 
funds going to certain states, and its very technical issue 
with that 13C requirement with six various elements. What I can 
assure you is that all elements like that, that the Department 
of Labor has to make a judgment call on will be done so in 
accordance with the law and nothing else, and no political bias 
will be injected into that.

    You have my absolute assurance, whether it's on that issue 
or any issue across the board. To your second question of 
courts, I respect states being able to pass bills. The bill 
referenced Florida Senate Bill 256, Florida is completely 
within its jurisdiction to do that, and other states are 
similar as well. And I will continue to respect that as Deputy 
Secretary of Labor.

    Senator Moody. I want to just tell the Committee as I wrap 
this up, I had a whole other line of questioning regarding the 
lost children and the Department of Labor's involvement in 
that. But your preparation and ability to handle not only my 
interviews from some very tough questions, you were on the 
spot, you knew everything and had a great response to every 
question. I know you will serve incredibly well in this role. I 
have great confidence in you.

    Mr. Sonderling. No Florida bias there.

    Senator Moody. None at all.

    Mr. Sonderling. Thank You, Senator.

    Senator Moody. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

    The Chairman. Senator Baldwin.

    Senator Baldwin. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Sonderling, 
the President has indicated that he wants to bring back 
Presidential Impoundment authority. The Congressional 
Impoundment Act of 1974 puts limits on the President's 
authority to impound funds. I serve on the Subcommittee of 
Appropriations that funds the Department of Labor. And I would 
like to hear whether you will ensure that funding decisions 
that are made and passed by this Congress are implemented as 
intended.

    Mr. Sonderling. First of all as Deputy Secretary it will be 
my first time really diving into the Federal budget process. 
And I look forward very much to working with you and ensuring 
that at all times, any decisions related to funding or the 
department's use and spending of that funding is absolutely 
coordinated with our Career Solicitor's office who understands 
those laws.

    Senator Baldwin. When Congress passes appropriation bills 
funding the Department of Labor and its various subdivisions, 
will you implement as Congress intends?

    Mr. Sonderling. I will always follow the law.

    Senator Baldwin. Okay. In the past month, you have been the 
senior advisor to the Acting Secretary of Labor. In that time, 
the Department of Government deficiency, DOGE, has received 
access to large data sets within the Department of Labor, which 
include an incredible amount of very sensitive data, including 
medical and financial records of Americans. Mr. Sonderling, in 
your role as senior advisor, how are you interacting with and 
working with DOGE?

    Mr. Sonderling. Well, I can assure you that everything 
related to DOGE at the Department of Labor is being handled 
right now by the Department of Justice. There was a lawsuit 
filed by unions against the Department of Labor related to 
DOGE's access to the department, the Department of Justice----

    Senator Baldwin. What is the question that is before the 
court with regard to DOGE's access?

    Mr. Sonderling. Whether or not they're allowed to have 
access to any systems of the Department of Labor.

    Senator Baldwin. You can answer then a question of have 
they been given access previously?

    Mr. Sonderling. I would have to refer you to the court 
documents that lays out all of the access.

    Senator Baldwin. Is that the question before the court?

    Mr. Sonderling. Yes. Among other things related to DOGE, 
but any access to any system----

    Senator Baldwin. The question is, have they even had access 
to the data?

    Mr. Sonderling. That was all being dealt with through the 
Department of Justice?

    Senator Baldwin. Can't even ask the question of whether 
you've interacted with anybody from DOGE in your capacity as 
the senior advisor to the Acting Secretary of Labor?

    Mr. Sonderling. Everything related to DOGE is tied up in 
the Department of Justice's defense of the lawsuit related to 
their access or----

    Senator Baldwin. Who could I ask this question to?

    Mr. Sonderling. The Department of Justice represents the 
Department of Labor in this matter and can help.

    Senator Baldwin. The Department of Justice would tell me 
who at Labor has had access? We need to be able to ask 
questions about what has happened to the sensitive data of 
Americans, including medical records and financial records. And 
you're saying you can't answer that question, even though 
you've been there as this access has taken place?

    Mr. Sonderling. Everything related to the DOGE's access or 
requested access to the Department of Labor is in litigation 
right now here in DC, and the Department of Justice represents 
the Department of Labor on all of those matters.

    Senator Baldwin. One of the sets of records that they may 
have access to is with regard to OSHA. OSHA collects a lot of 
information with regard to their enforcement of rules about 
workplace safety. Does DOGE have access to OSHA records at this 
point in time?

    Mr. Sonderling. Everything related to DOGE's, access to the 
Department of Labor is being dealt with is court in DC and the 
Department of Justice represents----

    Senator Baldwin. The access frozen during the court's 
contemplation of these issues?

    Mr. Sonderling. According to my knowledge of the lawsuit, 
which is all based on public information, there has been zero 
access given.

    Senator Baldwin. Can you make any comment about last week's 
report that OSHA closed a case regarding a worker's death at a 
Tesla plant in Austin, Texas?

    Mr. Sonderling. I'm not aware of that.

    Senator Baldwin. You're not aware of that?

    Mr. Sonderling. No. I would defer you to the leadership in 
OSHA.

    Senator Baldwin. One of the issues that I have been 
involved with is frankly how dangerous it is to be a healthcare 
worker and a social worker at this point in time in terms of 
workplace violence. Do you support OSHA's role in creating 
rules to address workplace violence faced by our healthcare 
personnel and social workers?

    Mr. Sonderling. If confirmed, I will assure you that I will 
look into this issue and work specifically with your office on 
this issue, because it's important to you and everyone else.

    Senator Baldwin. Mr. Chair, I've run out of time.

    The Chairman. Now, I'll go to Senator Hickenlooper.

    Senator Hickenlooper. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Thank you, Mr. 
Sonderling. Good to see you.

    Mr. Sonderling. Nice seeing you, too.

    Senator Hickenlooper. Appreciate your time and access. Back 
on January 25th, President Trump fired the 17 Inspectors 
General across 18 agencies including the IG at Department of 
Labor. We didn't get any notice or any rationale. The 
Administration set goals to reduce fraud and waste but the 
firing of inspectors from their post stalling many of the 
audits on Federal resources is definitely reducing transparency 
with the public.

    We get hundreds of calls about what's going on. Most of the 
questioning today has been around this stuff. But you are part 
of the transition. Did you hear any rationale for getting rid 
of those Inspector Generals on mass, all of them at once?

    Mr. Sonderling. That was a decision that only President 
Trump can make as the leader of the Executive Branch. And it is 
within his full authority to make all personnel decisions 
related to the Executive Branch.

    Senator Hickenlooper. But, did you really hear what the 
rationale was? I don't argue he is got the authority, I'm just 
curious whether he gave a rationale to you folks doing the 
work.

    Mr. Sonderling. I'm not aware.

    Senator Hickenlooper. You have an acting Inspector General 
now, I understand.

    Mr. Sonderling. Yes.

    Senator Hickenlooper. Is that Inspector General overseeing 
some of this effort to reduce fraud and waste?

    Mr. Sonderling. We do have an acting Inspector General with 
the full powers of an Inspector General, and that they are 
separate from the Department of Labor. We don't have direct 
oversight of them. If I'm Deputy Secretary, they're 
independent. So, I believe they are functioning in full 
capacity.

    Senator Hickenlooper. What kind of a vetting process did 
this Inspector General go through?

    Mr. Sonderling. The acting general now?

    Senator Hickenlooper. Yes, the acting, the person in place 
now.

    Mr. Sonderling. I'm not sure. He was here before I started, 
and I think he's a career employee now in the acting position.

    Senator Hickenlooper. You have confidence in the work he's 
doing?

    Mr. Sonderling. I have a hundred percent confidence in the 
Department of Labor, in all divisions and the staff there.

    Senator Hickenlooper. Great. And you have a broad 
experience in government, some of the broadest actually of 
people we've talked to in any of these confirmation hearings. 
You, obviously, understand the importance of whistle blowers, 
of making sure that we can get relevant information at the 
relevant time, and make sure that the public feels like there's 
no coverup, that there's no secret deals going on.

    We can find ways to understand what the workers are going 
through and find ways to improve it to productivity, get rid of 
fraud and waste. What assurances are we able to give those 
workers that they can blow the whistle, as it were, report 
issues that they think are of, of real importance and yet be 
protected from repercussions?

    Mr. Sonderling. Well Senator, this is a very important 
issue for the Department of Labor. As you know, OSHA enforces 
over 25 whistleblower laws that Congress has determined that 
should be at the Department of Labor, even for areas outside of 
our jurisdiction. So, it is a very important part of the 
Department of Labor to deal with whistleblower cases across 
many Federal statutes.

    To your specific question, there are whistleblower laws. As 
a former EEOC commissioner, there is also retaliation 
protection related to some of those laws as well. And I can 
assure you that all laws that the Department of Labor enforces 
we will continue to do that.

    Senator Hickenlooper. Great. I appreciate that. Last, and 
you'll remember when we talked to--a mayor for a while, 
Governor for 8 years, mayor for 8 years, and we did work to 
make Government smaller. And one of the things you and I 
discussed this a little bit, but when you're having layoffs and 
we've seen layoffs now in six of the departments in labor, the 
morale is so important.

    What steps do you anticipate taking when confirmed, if 
confirmed? How do you go about addressing the issues about 
morale? Because we are hearing from a number of employees, not 
even people that have been laid off, but employees that are 
there, they feel disheartened, disenchanted that their morale 
is very low.

    Mr. Sonderling. Yes. I think two things. One, if confirmed, 
I'll make sure that all applicable laws and regulations are 
applied in any kind of workforce development changes. No. 2, I 
think it's very important, and I think the Department of Labor 
employees and all employees throughout the Federal Government 
truly believe in their mission. And I think a lot of it is 
going to be refocusing on the purpose of these agencies and at 
the DOL to protect the American workforce.

    Senator Hickenlooper. Right. Well, there are no laws about 
morale. So, I guess I'll end it there. Thank you.

    Mr. Sonderling. Thank you, Senator.

    The Chairman. Senator Markey.

    Senator Markey. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Very much. Mr. 
Sonderling, I believe that workers should be able to clock into 
work knowing that they'll return home safe. When my father was 
a young man working in a factory, his finger got chopped off. 
And the boss said to him, you should probably go to a doctor 
John, and see you at work on Monday.

    My father used to use another finger on the same hand to 
describe his attitude toward the boss. And that was before OSHA 
was put on the books as a law. And he would make fun of that 
situation with us, but we know that he missed his finger.

    Now, at the time, Republicans said, well, if you put 
something like OSHA on the books, it's Marxist. You can't have 
that kind of Marxism going into the private sector. It's just a 
private bargain between an individual and the worker and the 
company. But of course, my father didn't view it that way. He 
supported OSHA being put on the books.

    200 workers lose a finger or an arm or a leg at work every 
single month in America today. 200 Americans, an arm, a leg, or 
a finger at work every single month. And there are also 5,000 
workplace fatalities every single year in the United States of 
America, which translates into about 15 workers dying every 
single day across our Country. So even with OSHA on the books, 
and it was much worse, no question, it was much worse in the 
forties, in the fifties, Okay. But it still is a lot of people 
every single day.

    Yet, according to the Department of Labor's own data, 
there's only one health and safety inspector per 4,300 
workplaces and 70,000 workers in the country, even today. It's 
all of us, one per 4,300 workplaces.

    When the Department of Labor can't enforce worker safety 
laws, it's a handout, obviously, to greedy companies that 
abused their workers for profit. In 2023, for example, Amazon 
brought in $30 billion in profit. And that same year, one in 15 
Amazon warehouse workers were injured on the job, breaking 
their own backs, toiling under oppressive surveillance, 
punitive speed quotas to make a buck for their boss.

    Yet since President Trump was inaugurated, he and Elon Musk 
have fired Department of Labor employees. They have deleted 
worker safety information; they've deleted the worker safety 
information from their Web sites. And yesterday they demanded 
the department create a plan for mass staff layoffs.

    Mr. Sonderling, do you commit today to protecting workers 
from employers like Amazon, so that every worker can go to work 
knowing that they will come home safe at the end of the day to 
their families?

    Mr. Sonderling. Senator Markey, thank you for that story 
about your father, is one I may use moving forward, if that's 
Okay. As far as you have my full commitment, and I wouldn't be 
here today if it wasn't for protecting the American worker for 
worker safety.

    You have my full commitment if confirmed as Deputy 
Secretary of Labor, I will go through each law enforcement 
agency and make sure that there's adequate resources, including 
in determining that the investigators are in the places they 
need to be with the highest violations.

    Senator Markey. You'll oppose any action that would make 
workers less safe. You would oppose any action?

    Mr. Sonderling. That the law is to make the workers safe. 
And I'll uphold the law.

    Senator Markey. You would oppose any action that would 
reduce safety?

    Mr. Sonderling. What I read----

    Senator Markey. Is that yes? You will oppose anything that 
would reduce safety.

    Mr. Sonderling. I have confidence that you--even in the OPM 
directive, in the executive order, it says the health and 
safety inspectors are exempt----

    Senator Markey. Would you oppose taking a chainsaw to the 
resources at the agencies that would enable the Department of 
Labor to enforce those worker safety laws; would you oppose 
that?

    Mr. Sonderling. I would give you my assurances that I will 
work with all the law enforcement agencies to have the 
resources they need.

    Senator Markey. Yes. I'm not hearing a yes. Would you 
oppose anything that would actually result in an increase in 
the number of fingers, arms, other body parts that are cut up? 
Would you oppose anything that would manifestly result in an 
increase in the danger to work is in the workplace over in the 
year 2025 or 2026?

    Mr. Sonderling. If confirmed, you have my assurances from 
both the secretary and I that we will do everything to protect 
worker safety.

    Senator Markey. I appreciate what you're saying, you'll 
oppose anything that will increase the number of people losing 
their fingers?

    Mr. Sonderling. We will faithfully Enforce the law with all 
the department's resources.

    Senator Markey. I'm not hearing a yes. Again, my father 
would want a yes. Okay. I'm listening to you, Papa. I can't get 
the answer from him. And I know that he sounds a lot like the 
boss that you were not happy with. I just need guarantees here, 
and I'm not hearing the guarantees to make sure the 
corporations can't increase profits at the expense of the 
public health of workers. Thank you.

    Mr. Sonderling. Thank you, Senator.

    The Chairman. This concludes our hearing. Thank you for 
being here, Mr. Sonderling.

    Mr. Sonderling. Thank you, Senator.

    The Chairman. For any Senators who wish to add additional 
questions, questions for the record will be due by tomorrow at 
5 p.m. And again, we gavel out.

                        QUESTIONS FOR THE RECORD

 Responses by Keith Sonderling to Questions of Senator Murray, Senator 
 Kaine, Senator Hassan, Senator Hickenlooper, Senator Markey, Senator 
                Blunt Rochester and, Senator Alsobrooks.
                             senator murray
    Question 1. In your current role on the transition team at the 
Department of Labor, what are your job duties?

    Answer 1. My role as a volunteer on the Trump-Vance transition team 
ended when President Trump was inaugurated on January 20, 2025. Since 
then, I have been a full-time employee at the U.S. Department of Labor 
as a Senior Advisor.

    Question 2. In response to questions at your hearing, you noted 
that you received an e-mail from the Office of Personnel Management 
(OPM) on Saturday, February 22, 2025 with the subject line ``What did 
you do last week'' asking you to reply with five things you did last 
week. Did you reply?

        (a). If you did reply, what were the five items you listed?

        (b). If you did not reply, why not?

        (c). Do you believe it is appropriate for OPM to circumvent 
        leadership at a Federal agency and provide direction directly 
        to an agency's employees?

    Answer 2(a)--(c). Yes, I did reply. I listed five asks related to 
my confirmation hearing and my job as an advisor to the Department. I 
understand and respect that the Office of Personnel Management is 
responsible for providing direction to executive branch employees, 
including those at the Department of Labor.

    Question 3. In your current role on the transition team at the 
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, what are your job duties?

        (a). Were you involved in the decision or implementation of the 
        decision to stop processing charges related to gender identity?

        (b). Were you involved in the decision or implementation of the 
        decision to dismiss Commissioners Charlotte Burrows or Jocelyn 
        Samuels?

    Answer 3(a)--(b). My role as a volunteer on the Trump-Vance 
transition team ended when President Trump was inaugurated on January 
20, 2025. Since then, I have been a full-time employee at the U.S. 
Department of Labor as a Senior Advisor. The decisions you reference 
occurred after my tenure at the Equal Employment Opportunity 
Commission, in which I had no involvement.

    Question 4. At your hearing, you promised a review of each civil 
law enforcement division of the Department of Labor to ensure that they 
have the resources necessary. What criteria will you use to determine 
if they have the necessary resources?

    Answer 4. If confirmed, I will work with the Secretary of Labor and 
leadership at all of the Department's civil law enforcement agencies to 
discuss their needs and ensure they have the resources necessary to 
fulfill their individual missions to protect workers. This includes 
learning more about where law enforcement and compliance are needed. 
Evaluating metrics will provide a better understanding of where certain 
resources should be shifted and applied, to better serve the American 
worker.

    Question 5. What does the Federal trust responsibility to Tribes 
mean to you?

        (a). What role do you believe the Department of Labor plays in 
        fulfilling the Federal trust responsibility?

        (b). How will you ensure that the Department of Labor's budget 
        requests, funding allocations, staffing levels, and 
        implementation of policies will uphold and advance the Federal 
        trust responsibility to Tribes?

        (c). What steps will you take to ensure that government-to-
        government consultation between the Department of Labor and 
        Tribes is a meaningful and enforceable process, rather than a 
        box checking formality?

    Answer 5(a)--(c). I am aware that the Federal trust responsibility 
requires the Federal Government to respect tribal rights, which may 
include treaties between the Federal Government and various tribal 
nations. If confirmed, I will work with the experts at the Department 
to identify how the Department is meeting its Federal trust 
obligations. As I work with the Secretary and agency leadership on the 
Department's budget request, I will keep this responsibility in mind. 
At the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, I spent considerable 
time with various tribal communities, including those in Washington 
State, providing resources and compliance assistance on employment 
laws.

    Question 6. In our conversation, you indicated that one of the core 
functions of the Department of Labor is as a law enforcement agency. At 
hearing, you also indicated that the Occupational Safety and Health 
Administration (OSHA) has an important public safety function and would 
be exempt from the February 26, 2025 Office of Management and Budget 
Memorandum regarding ``Guidance on Agency RIF and Reorganization Plans 
Requested by Implementing the President's `Department of Government 
Efficiency' Workforce Optimization Initiative.'' By its own terms, the 
memorandum excludes ``[p]ositions that are necessary to meet law 
enforcement, border security, national security, immigration 
enforcement, or public safety responsibilities.'' Do you believe OSHA 
should be exempt from the requirements of this memo? If not, why?

        (a). Do you believe that the Wage and Hour Division should be 
        exempt from this memorandum? If not, why?

        (b). Do you believe that the Mine Safety and Health 
        Administration should be exempt from this memorandum? If not, 
        why?

        (c). Do you believe that the Office of Federal Contract 
        Compliance Programs should be exempt from this memorandum? If 
        not, why?

        (d). Do you believe that the Office of the Solicitor should be 
        exempt from this memorandum? If not, why?

    Answer 6(a)--(d). I am committed to the Department's important 
mission of ensuring that employees work in safe and healthful 
environments. The OPM Directive and Executive Order 14210 you reference 
contains exemptions for law enforcement and public safety roles. If 
confirmed, I commit to working with the experts at the Department 
including the Office of the Solicitor, as well as those in the 
Administration, to determine the appropriate exemptions and ensure the 
protection of American workers.
                             senator kaine
    Question 1. How many Department of Labor employees have been fired, 
furloughed, or placed on administrative leave since January 20, 2025? 
How many of those were veterans of the United States military?

    Answer 1. The Department of Labor's Office of the Assistant 
Secretary for Management is responsible for all human resource 
decisions at the Department. I have full faith and confidence that the 
staff in this office is complying with all applicable laws while 
reviewing Executive Orders and the Office of Personnel Management 
guidance.

    Question 2. In 2021, Long COVID was included as a disability under 
the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). This allows individuals to 
seek appropriate accommodations at work or school. However, as of 
February 11, Long COVID is no longer listed on AskJAN's directory. The 
Web site provides key resources and suggestions for accommodations. Why 
was this removed? If confirmed, will you ensure that you and other 
officials at the Department of Labor will continue to prioritize Long 
COVID to support the millions of individuals who are living with the 
disease?

    Answer 2. If confirmed, I look forward to being briefed on the 
resources offered by the Office on Disability Employment Policy, 
including the Job Accommodation Network. I will work with the experts 
at the Department, including the Office of the Solicitor, to ensure 
that any and all resources be made available to stakeholders provided 
those resources are offered in accordance with the applicable law and 
the Administration's priorities.

    Question 3. Our Nation's coal miners have worked for decades to 
keep the country's lights on and manufacturing plants running, which 
has resulted in a Black Lung epidemic in our Country. A study was 
conducted between 2013 and 2017 in Southwest Virginia, where over 400 
miners were identified to have progressive massive fibrosis--which is a 
very complicated form of Black. Many coalfields in Virginia have been 
coaled out, leaving miners to cut through stone and rock, resulting in 
silica dust inhaling. Researchers have found that exposure to silica 
dust, in particular, is causing severe and complicated forms of Black 
Lung disease that affect folks at a younger age. At my urging, the Mine 
Safety and Health Administration finalized a rule to reduce miner 
exposure to silica dust. Coal mines will have to come into compliance 
with the rule's requirements by April. I'm hopeful this will help 
reduce the risk of this debilitating disease. As Secretary, will you 
agree to implement and enforce the new silica dust standard? Will you 
work with Congress to ensure MSHA has the resources to properly and 
effectively implement the new silica dust standard?

    Answer 3. Protecting workers against safety and health hazards is 
one of the Department's essential core responsibilities. The Mine 
Safety and Health Administration's rule lowering its crystalline silica 
permissible exposure limit is the subject of ongoing litigation. If 
confirmed, I will work with Congress to ensure that all Department 
agencies, including Mine Safety and Health Administration, have the 
resources needed to fulfill their respective missions.

    Question 4. Analysis from Appalachian Voices and Appalachian 
Citizens Law Center finds that the cost of living in many coal 
communities is significantly higher than Black Lung benefits payments. 
The report--Benefits for Coal Miners with Black Lung Falling Behind--
finds that in some places, the average monthly cost of living for a 
miner and a dependent is $3,000 more than benefit payments. Benefit 
levels are currently tied to the Federal pay scale rather than the cost 
of living, which disconnects benefit levels from inflation. In 2023, 
inflation rates were 8 percent, but benefit levels increased by just 4 
percent. We must ensure those who sacrificed their health in the mines 
do not have to choose between groceries and rent by aligning the 
payments to miners with the actual cost of living. As Secretary, how 
will you close the growing gap between the cost of living and the 
stipends paid to miners with Black Lung and their families?

    Answer 4. I understand and appreciate the critical role of our 
Nation's coal miners, and I fully support the Department's mission of 
protecting workers against workplace hazards, including in mining. No 
worker should ever have to worry that once they leave their home, they 
could be injured on the job. If confirmed, I will work with the experts 
at the Department to ensure the health and safety of our coal miners 
and retired miners living with Black Lung disease.
                             senator hassan
    Question 1. In 2023, the Department of Labor launched an 
interagency task force with the Department of Justice, the Department 
of Homeland Security, and other Federal agencies to enhance 
investigations into child labor and hold violators accountable.

    If confirmed, will you commit to continuing this interagency 
partnership and vigorously enforcing child labor laws against 
violators?

    Answer 1. If confirmed, our child labor laws will be vigorously 
enforced, and violators will be held accountable. I look forward to 
working in cooperation with other Federal agencies to that end. Upon 
taking office, I will commit to carefully reviewing the current 
interagency relationships alongside the Secretary of Labor to ensure 
that all the resources of the Federal Government are used efficiently 
and effectively to protect children and the American worker.
                          senator hickenlooper
                Re. Advisory Committee on Apprenticeship
    Question 1. On Thursday, February 26, 2025, President Trump 
announced that he was closing the Department of Labor's Advisory 
Committee on Apprenticeships. This is concerning as the advisory 
committee convened a wide array of our Nation's experts on 
apprenticeship, including policy researchers and apprenticeship 
sponsors, to help share best practices and improve stakeholder 
engagement with our national apprenticeship system.

    Closing this committee runs counter to this Administration's 
commitment to support efforts to strengthen and expand apprenticeship 
programs.

        (a). What was the rationale for closing the Advisory Committee?

        (b). How do you plan to convene and receive feedback from 
        apprenticeship experts, who have been essential to informing 
        policies?

    Answer 1(a)--(b). The President's Executive Order entitled 
Commencing the Reduction of the Federal Bureaucracy sets forth the 
Administration's policy for reducing the size of the Federal Government 
to minimize waste, fraud, abuse, and inflation and to promote American 
freedom and innovation. The Department determined that a number of 
advisory committees, including the Advisory Committee on 
Apprenticeship, fulfilled the purposes for which they were established. 
We will continue to engage with a broad range of stakeholders in this 
effort and look forward to working with your office. Expanding high-
quality apprenticeships and engaging more Americans in this proven 
pathway to career success is a priority for the Department of Labor as 
it delivers on President Trump's America First agenda.

    Question 2. In 2020, DOL issued guidance that enabled retirement 
plans to expand the default use of e-delivery for plan documents. Are 
there benefits to expanding this flexibility to health and welfare 
plans?

        (1). What guardrails would you recommend policy makers put in 
        place to make sure that as we modernize document delivery, 
        account updates remain timely and accessible, particularly for 
        customers who face challenges to access or navigate technology?

    Answer 2--(1). The Department of Labor administers many legal 
provisions that ensure workers and retirees understand their employee 
benefits. As you noted, in 2020, the Trump administration finalized a 
regulation that made it easier for retirement plans to utilize default 
electronic delivery of these mandatory disclosures. I am also aware of 
bipartisan interest in modernizing these rules for health and welfare 
plans to reduce administrative costs and improve the usefulness of the 
disclosures for workers. If confirmed, I look forward to being briefed 
on the potential benefits and challenges of modernizing these 
regulations and consulting with all stakeholders in a transparent 
manner.
                             senator markey
    Question 1. If confirmed, do you commit to ensuring the Department 
of Labor (DOL) abides by all terms and conditions of collective 
bargaining agreements between the Department of Labor and agency staff?

    Answer 1. If confirmed, I will follow the law and work with the 
experts at the Department, including the Office of the Solicitor, to 
understand the collective bargaining process at the Department and the 
terms and conditions of the collective bargaining agreements in place. 
I commit to working with the Solicitor's Office and the Department's 
human resources experts, along with any directives from the White 
House, when making employment-related decisions.

    Question 2. If confirmed, do you commit to advising the Secretary 
of Labor and any other administration official that the Department of 
Labor (DOL) must abide by all terms and conditions of collective 
bargaining agreements between the Department of Labor and agency staff?

    Answer 2. If confirmed, I will follow the law and work with the 
experts at the Department, including the Office of the Solicitor, to 
understand the collective bargaining process at the Department and the 
terms and conditions of the collective bargaining agreements in place. 
I commit to working with the Solicitor's Office and the Department's 
human resources experts, along with other Executive Branch agencies, 
when making employment-related decisions.

    Question 3. If confirmed, do you commit to working to reinstate any 
Department of Labor employees fired in violation of law or in violation 
of collective bargaining agreements?

    Answer 3. If confirmed, I will work with the Secretary of Labor and 
the experts at the Department, including the Solicitor's Office and 
human resources professionals, to ensure all personnel actions at the 
Department of Labor are taken in accordance with the law. I respect the 
authority of the President to make personnel decisions across the 
Executive Branch, including at the Department of Labor.

    Question 4. If confirmed, what steps will you take to ensure that 
career personnel within the Department of Labor are protected from 
politically motivated dismissals and reassignments?

    Answer 4. If confirmed, I will work with the Secretary of Labor and 
the experts at the Department, including the Solicitor's Office and 
human resources professionals, to ensure all personnel actions at the 
Department of Labor are taken in accordance with the law. I respect the 
authority of the President to make personnel decisions across the 
executive branch, including at the Department of Labor.

    Question 5. President Trump's actions related to the disbursement 
of Federal funding, funding freezes, and funding cuts have created 
widespread confusion and halted critical government programs. What will 
you do to ensure DOL funding--which was appropriated by Congress--is 
disbursed to DOL grantees on time and in full?

    Answer 5. If confirmed, I will follow all applicable laws.
               Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE)
    Question 6. In the past several weeks, documents that include the 
words ``diverse'' and ``gender'' have been removed from the Department 
of Labor Web site, including ergonomic guidelines for employers on 
workers' risk of musculoskeletal injury, guidance for emergency medical 
services responders on treating toxic exposure victims, and best 
practices from health care facilities addressing workplace violence.

        (a). If confirmed, do you commit to ensuring that these 
        documents are made available again?

    Answer 6--(a). The Department of Labor provides the public with 
documents on important occupational health and safety topics to help 
workers understand best safety practices at work. I have been made 
aware that certain guidance has been temporarily taken down for editing 
to ensure it is compliant with President Trump's Executive Order 14151. 
If confirmed, I look forward to working with the Department and the 
Secretary of Labor to ensure compliance with all of the President's 
Executive Orders and to ensure employers have the information they need 
to maintain a safe working place.

    Question 7. The DOL's ``worker.gov'' Web site has been disabled. If 
confirmed, do you commit to ensuring this Web page is made available 
again?

    Answer 7. I am proud of the role I played in the creation of 
Worker.Gov during President Trump's first administration. I have been 
made aware that certain guidance has been temporarily taken down for 
editing to ensure it is compliant with President Trump's Executive 
Order 14151. If confirmed, I look forward to working with the 
Department and the Secretary of Labor to ensure compliance with all of 
the President's Executive Orders and to ensure employers have the 
information they need to maintain a safe working place.

    Question 8. The DOL's ``employer.gov'' Web site has been disabled. 
If confirmed, do you commit to ensuring this Web page is made available 
again?

    Answer 8. I am proud of the role I played in the creation of 
Employer.Gov during President Trump's first administration. I have been 
made aware that certain guidance has been temporarily taken down for 
editing to ensure it is compliant with President Trump's Executive 
Order 14151. If confirmed, I look forward to working with the 
Department and the Secretary of Labor to ensure compliance with all of 
the President's Executive Orders and to ensure employers have the 
information they need to maintain a safe working place.

    Question 9. If confirmed, what will you do to ensure Elon Musk and 
DOGE personnel do not interfere with workplace safety enforcement and 
wage compliance efforts?

    Answer 9. As you are aware, these issues are in litigation. The 
Department of Justice is representing the Department of Labor in that 
matter. I therefore refer all questions related to these issues to the 
Department of Justice. If confirmed, I will always follow the law as I 
have throughout my career in public service.

    Question 10. If confirmed, what will you do to ensure that DOGE 
personnel do not compromise the integrity and confidentiality of data 
in DOL systems and data bases? What will you do to ensure that DOGE 
personnel do not harvest or modify data in DOL systems and databases?

    Answer 10. As you are aware, these issues are in litigation. The 
Department of Justice is representing the Department of Labor in that 
matter. I therefore refer all questions related to these issues to the 
Department of Justice. If confirmed, I will always follow the law as I 
have throughout my career in public service.

    Question 11. What will you do to protect employer and worker data 
and other confidential information or materials from DOGE personnel?

    Answer 11. As you are aware, these issues are in litigation. The 
Department of Justice is representing the Department of Labor in that 
matter. I therefore refer all questions related to these issues to the 
Department of Justice. If confirmed, I will always follow the law as I 
have throughout my career in public service.
                             Worker Safety
    Question 12. Does the Department of Labor has sufficient resources 
to enforce worker health and safety laws?

        (a). What additional resources does OSHA need to effectively 
        enforce health and safety laws at workplaces within its 
        jurisdiction?

        (b). What additional resources does the Wage and Hour Division 
        (WHD) need to effectively enforce health and safety laws at 
        workplaces within its jurisdiction?

        (c). If President Trump and Elon Musk achieve their goal of 
        cutting 10 percent of the Federal workforce, how could the 
        Department of Labor adequately enforce the laws it is tasked to 
        enforce?

    Answer 12(a)--(c). I am committed to the Department of Labor's 
mission to enforce health and safety laws. If confirmed, I look forward 
to working with the experts at the Department to assess available 
resources and identify any additional needs. While the President 
proposes the budget, it is ultimately up to Congress to determine 
funding. I am committed to supporting the President in developing 
budget proposals that prioritize the protection of American workers, 
and I will ensure that any resources allocated are used efficiently and 
responsibly.

    Question 13. Amazon is the second largest private sector employer 
in the country, with over one million workers. Amazon uses a punishing 
quota system powered by invasive surveillance technology to enforce 
speed standards. In 2023, one in 15 Amazon workers were injured on the 
job. What should the Department of Labor be doing to promote warehouse 
worker safety?

    Answer 13. I am committed to the Department of Labor's mission to 
enforce health and safety laws. If confirmed, I look forward to hearing 
from you and other stakeholders about this important issue. I will 
commit to engaging with the public in a transparent manner to evaluate 
regulatory needs. The Department will uphold the highest standards of 
occupational safety, ensuring that rules prioritize the well-being of 
workers while being clear, practical, and achievable for employers.

    Question 14. While you served as Acting Administrator of the Wage 
and Hour Division, the Department of Labor launched the Payroll Audit 
Independent Determination (PAID) Program, which prohibited workers from 
taking private action regarding Federal minimum wage and overtime 
violations if their employers self-reported those violations. If 
confirmed, do you commit to protecting workers' rights to take private 
action if they are the victims of wage and overtime violations, 
regardless of how those violations are discovered?

    Answer 14. If confirmed, I commit to working with the staff at the 
Wage and Hour Division to ensure workers' rights are protected and 
employers receive clear and transparent guidance from the Department 
about their obligations.

    Question 15. While Acting Administrator of the Wage and Hour 
Division, you wrote a memo to an undisclosed company asserting that 
their workers were contractors and exempt from Federal labor law 
despite receiving work assignments, pay, and supervision from an app-
based platform. Do you believe a company providing work assignments, 
pay, and supervision to workers should be exempt from Federal labor 
law?

    Answer 15. I believe it is vital that both employers and workers 
have clarity and guidance on employee or independent contractor 
classification under the Fair Labor Standards Act. The memorandum that 
you reference was an opinion letter which addressed the issue of 
employee or independent contractor classification under the Fair Labor 
Standards Act. Since that opinion letter was drafted, the Department 
implemented a rule under the previous administration dealing directly 
with this issue. I understand that this rule is still in litigation. If 
confirmed, I will commit to carefully reviewing all regulations under 
the Department's jurisdiction and working with my colleagues in the 
Solicitor's Office and at the Department of Justice as appropriate on 
regulatory litigation.

    Question 16. While you served at the Department of Labor, the 
Department rescinded a rule requiring businesses employing more than 
250 people to document and keep records of workplace injuries and 
illnesses for 5 years. Do you maintain support for employers not 
keeping records of workplace injuries and illnesses?

    Answer 16. I am committed to the Department of Labor's mission of 
enforcing workplace health and safety laws. If confirmed, I will 
consult with the experts at the Occupational Safety and Health 
Administration and the Office of the Solicitor to review all 
regulations to ensure that they are adequate to ensuring safety in the 
workplace, including current OSHA rules on record keeping.

    Question 17. While you served at the Department of Labor, the 
Department rescinded a rule requiring Federal contractors to disclose 
Fair Labor Standards Act violations and encouraging contractors to 
follow labor law. Do you maintain support for Federal contractors not 
having to disclose these violations?

    Answer 17. The rule you mentioned was subject to a joint resolution 
of disapproval under Congressional Review Act, which was passed by both 
chambers and signed into law by the President. The Department fulfilled 
its obligations under the Congressional Review Act and rescinded the 
rule, in compliance with that intent of Congress. As I have throughout 
my career, I will always obey the lawful decisions made by Congress.
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and Equal Employment Opportunity 
                           Commission (EEOC)
    Question 18. President Trump recently illegally fired NLRB Board 
Member Gwynne Wilcox in violation of the National Labor Relations Act. 
Do you believe that this firing was illegal?

    Answer 18. I respect the authority of the President to oversee the 
Executive Branch and make decisions related to personnel.

    Question 19. Do you believe the NLRB should exist as an independent 
agency?

    Answer 19. The National Labor Relations Board plays a critical role 
in the protection of employment rights. I respect the authority of the 
President to oversee the Executive Branch. If confirmed, I will ensure 
the Department of Labor fulfills its mission to the American worker.

    Question 20. President Trump recently fired EEOC Commissioners 
Charlotte Burrows and Jocelyn Samuels. Do you believe that this firing 
was illegal or unconstitutional?

    Answer 20. I respect the authority of the President to oversee the 
Executive Branch and make decisions related to personnel.

    Question 21. Do you believe the EEOC should exist as an independent 
agency?

    Answer 21. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission plays a 
critical role in the protection of employment rights. I respect the 
authority of the President to oversee the Executive Branch. If 
confirmed, I will ensure the Department of Labor fulfills its mission 
to the American worker.
                        DOL Good Jobs Initiative
    Question 22. The Good Jobs Initiative facilitated partnerships 
between DOL and other Federal agencies to ensure Federal infrastructure 
investments created good jobs. Do you support the Good Jobs Initiative?

    Answer 22. If confirmed, I will commit to working with the experts 
at the Department to learn about all the workforce programs at the 
Department and ensure those programs are in line with the America First 
policy agenda.

    Question 23. If confirmed, what will you do to ensure DOL is 
working with other Federal agencies to ensure they prioritize the 
creation of safe, high-quality jobs in grant making and procurement 
processes?

    Answer 23. If confirmed, I will ensure the Department works 
collaboratively with other agencies to provide guidance and technical 
assistance on the creation of safe, high-quality jobs so all Americans 
have a pathway to achieve the American dream.

    Question 24. DOL has served as an advisor to the Department of 
Commerce, Department of Energy, Department of Transportation, EPA and 
other Federal agencies to ensure projects funded through the CHIPS and 
Science Act, Inflation Reduction Act, and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law 
uphold strong labor standards and create good-paying jobs. However, 
some projects funding has been halted. If confirmed, what will you do 
to ensure already funded projects continue?

    Answer 24. If confirmed, I look forward to working with the experts 
at the Department to review all projects and ensure those projects 
align with the America First policy agenda.
                        Artificial Intelligence
    Question 25. Do you believe that bias and discriminatory artificial 
intelligence is a problem?

    Answer 25. I recognize that despite the promise artificial 
intelligence offers to improve the lives of workers and employers, it 
can lead to unlawful discrimination if used improperly in the hiring 
process. When I served on the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 
I worked to educate employers about these risks, in order to help them 
comply with civil rights laws and prevent discrimination. I hope the 
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission continues to give employers 
guidance on the proper use of artificial intelligence in hiring and 
other human resource processes. If confirmed, I will be the Deputy 
Secretary of Labor, so it will not be my duty to enforce laws solely 
under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's remit.

    Question 26. Employers are increasingly relying on artificial 
intelligence (AI) in the selection and management of employees. 
However, AI systems have been proven to unlawfully discriminate against 
employees and prospective employees, including on the basis of race, 
gender, age, and disability status. Do you support ensuring that 
artificial intelligence products utilized by employers are not 
discriminatory or biased?

    Answer 26. I recognize that despite the promise artificial 
intelligence offers to improve the lives of workers and employers, it 
can lead to unlawful discrimination if used improperly in the hiring 
process. When I served on the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 
I worked to educate employers about these risks, in order to help them 
comply with civil rights laws and prevent discrimination. I hope the 
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission continues to give employers 
guidance on the proper use of artificial intelligence in hiring and 
other human resource processes. If confirmed, I will be the Deputy 
Secretary of Labor, so it will not be my duty to enforce laws solely 
under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's remit.

    Question 27. What steps would you take to protect workers from the 
discriminatory impacts of AI related to the hiring and management or 
workers?

    Answer 27. I certainly recognize the concerns surrounding the need 
to protect workers from the potentially discriminatory impact of 
artificial intelligence related to the hiring and management of 
workers. I previously wrote three law review articles on this topic, 
which contain hundreds of pages of guidance employers can use to 
protect applicant and employees from unlawful discrimination by 
artificial intelligence. If confirmed, I would serve as the Deputy 
Secretary of Labor, so it will not be my duty to enforce laws solely 
under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's remit.

    Question 28. If confirmed, how do you plan to address the increase 
of AI-enabled worker surveillance?

    Answer 28. I certainly recognize the concerns surrounding the need 
to protect workers from the potentially discriminatory impact of 
artificial intelligence related to the hiring and management of 
workers. I previously wrote three law review articles on this topic, 
which contain hundreds of pages of guidance employers can use to 
protect applicant and employees from unlawful discrimination by 
artificial intelligence. If confirmed, I would serve as the Deputy 
Secretary of Labor, so it will not be my duty to enforce laws solely 
under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's remit.

    Question 29. Should employers be required to notify employees, or 
potential employees, about the use of AI in the workplace related to 
the management and evaluation of workers?

    Answer 29. During my tenure at the Equal Employment Opportunity 
Commission, I emphasized the challenges that artificial intelligence 
may present to the enforcement of civil rights laws related to the 
hiring process. If confirmed, I would serve as the Deputy Secretary of 
Labor, so it will not be my duty to enforce laws solely under the Equal 
Employment Opportunity Commission's remit.

    Question 30. Do you believe that companies have an obligation to 
test, address, or measure algorithms before deployment in order to 
determine whether it discriminates or is biased against protected 
characteristics?

    Answer 30. During my tenure at the Equal Employment Opportunity 
Commission, I emphasized the challenges that artificial intelligence 
may present to the enforcement of civil rights laws related to the 
hiring process. If confirmed, I would serve as the Deputy Secretary of 
Labor, so it will not be my duty to enforce laws solely under the Equal 
Employment Opportunity Commission's remit.

    Question 31. Do you believe that companies have an obligation to 
monitor algorithms after deployment in order to determine whether it 
discriminates or is biased against protected characteristics?

    Answer 31. During my tenure at the Equal Employment Opportunity 
Commission, I emphasized the challenges that artificial intelligence 
may present to the enforcement of civil rights laws related to the 
hiring process. If confirmed, I would serve as the Deputy Secretary of 
Labor, so it will not be my duty to enforce laws solely under the Equal 
Employment Opportunity Commission's remit.

    Question 32. What guardrails should there be for the Federal 
Government's use of AI tools and other technologies, especially in the 
hiring, management, and firing of Federal workers? What is DOL's role 
in the development of such guardrails?

    Answer 32. During my tenure at the Equal Employment Opportunity 
Commission, I emphasized the challenges that artificial intelligence 
may present to the enforcement of civil rights laws related to the 
hiring process. If confirmed, I would serve as the Deputy Secretary of 
Labor, so I would not have direct control over executive branch human 
resource policy.

    Question 33. There are reports that artificial intelligence and 
other technologies are being developed in order to determine which 
Federal workers should be laid off. In your confirmation hearing you 
discussed the importance of increasing transparency of AI usage in 
order to ensure the tools are not discriminatory. Do you support the 
Federal Government increasing transparency around the use and 
development of these technologies, especially to ensure these 
technologies are not discriminatory or biased?

    Answer 33. During my tenure at the Equal Employment Opportunity 
Commission, I emphasized the challenges that artificial intelligence 
may present to the enforcement of civil rights laws related to the 
hiring process. If confirmed, I will work with the appropriate agencies 
and staff at the Department to provide technical assistance to Congress 
as it considers measures related to transparency in the development of 
human resources-related artificial intelligence systems.
                             DOL Rulemaking
    Question 34. In 2024, the Department of Labor finalized the 
Employee or Independent Contractor Classification Under the Fair Labor 
Standards Act regulation which revised the Department's criteria for 
classifying workers as independent contractors.

        (a). If confirmed, do you commit to enforcing the regulation as 
        written?

        (b). If confirmed, will you seek to change this regulation?

    Answer 34(a)--(b). I believe that it is important in our modern 
economy to allow workers to have the flexibility to be in business for 
themselves--including through the independent contractor model. I 
understand that the rule you reference is in litigation. If confirmed, 
I will commit to carefully reviewing all regulations under the 
Department's jurisdiction and working with my colleagues in the 
Solicitor's Office and at the Department of Justice as appropriate on 
regulatory litigation. Apart from this litigation, if confirmed, I will 
consult with the experts at the Department as well as the Administrator 
of the Wage and Hour Division to determine the Department's course of 
action with respect to this regulation.

    Question 35. In 2021, the Department of Labor finalized the 
Rescission of Joint Employer Status Under the Fair Labor Standards Act 
rule to rescind the regulations established in the 2020 Joint Employer 
Rule.

        (a). If confirmed, do you commit to enforcing the regulation as 
        written?

        (b). If confirmed, will you seek to change this regulation?

    Answer 35(a)--(b). The Department of Labor has an important role in 
ensuring that employers receive clear guidance on their obligations and 
potential liability. If confirmed, I look forward to being briefed on 
this matter by the experts at the Department. I fully support policies 
that help create and protect small businesses.

    Question 36. In 2024, the Department of Labor finalized the 
Retirement Security Rule and Amendments to Class Prohibited Transaction 
Exemptions for Investment Advice Fiduciaries regulation to define 
investment advice fiduciaries under the Employment Retirement Income 
Security Act (ERISA).

        (a). If confirmed, do you commit to enforcing the regulation as 
        written?

        (b). If confirmed, will you seek to change this regulation?

    Answer 36(a)--(b). I understand that this rule is currently the 
subject of ongoing litigation. If confirmed, I look forward to being 
briefed on this matter and will commit to work closely with my 
colleagues at the Department of Labor and at the Department of Justice. 
More generally, the Department of Labor plays a critical role in 
protecting the retirement benefits that Americans have earned. Workers 
should have access to sound financial advice, and the law requires 
retirement plan fiduciaries to act in the best interest of plan 
participants and beneficiaries. The retirement system needs to work for 
workers, retirees, retirement plan sponsors, plan fiduciaries, and 
service-providers. If confirmed, I look forward to consulting with all 
stakeholders in a transparent manner and receiving feedback in 
determining whether and how the system can be improved.

    Question 37. In 2024, the Department of Labor announced a proposed 
rule to protect indoor and outdoor workers from extreme heat.

        (a). If confirmed, do you commit to enforcing the regulation as 
        written?

    Answer 37--(a). I am committed to the Occupational Safety and 
Health Administration's mission of ensuring that employees have safe 
and healthful work environments. I also recognize the importance of 
ensuring workers are safe in high-heat environments. As with many other 
pending regulations, this is subject to President Trump's regulatory 
freeze Executive Order. If confirmed, I will work with the experts at 
the Department, stakeholders, and the public when reviewing any worker 
safety regulations. My goal will be to uphold the highest standards of 
occupational safety, ensuring that rules prioritize the well-being of 
workers while being clear, practical, and achievable for employers. 
This approach will also align with the President's America First 
Agenda, supporting both worker protection and a strong, resilient 
American workforce.

    Question 38. In 2024, the Department of Labor finalized the 
Defining and Delimiting the Exemptions for Executive, Administrative, 
Professional, Outside Sales, and Computer Employees regulation to raise 
the salary eligible for overtime benefits of employees in certain 
sectors.

        (a). If confirmed, do you commit to continuing to pursue the 
        appeal of the November 15, 2024 Eastern District of Texas?

        (b). If confirmed, will you seek to change this regulation?

    Answer 38(a)--(b). I understand that this rule is in litigation. If 
confirmed, I will commit to carefully reviewing all regulations under 
the Department's jurisdiction and working with my colleagues in the 
Solicitor's Office and at the Department of Justice as appropriate on 
regulatory litigation.
                   Tribal, Indian, and Native Issues
    Question 39. Do you believe Tribal, Indian, and Native career 
training and workforce placement is DEI?

    Answer 39. Discrimination against any person is wrong. If 
confirmed, I look forward to working with the Employment and Training 
Administration staff to discuss career training and workforce placement 
efforts at the Department and how we can best expand workforce 
opportunities for all American workers.

    Question 40. Do you believe that the Department of Labor shares in 
the Federal trust responsibility?

    Answer 40. The Federal trust responsibility requires the Federal 
Government to respect tribal rights, which may include treaties between 
the Federal Government and various tribal nations. If confirmed, I will 
work with experts at the Department to identify how the Department is 
meeting its Federal trust obligations.
                        senator blunt rochester
    Question 1. As I am sure you are aware, tens of thousands of 
Federal workers have been fired by this Administration over the past 
couple of weeks. Among these workers are thousands of civil servants at 
the Department of Veterans Affairs who help make sure our veterans are 
taken care of, thousands of civil servants who protect public health at 
HHS, thousands of employees at the Department of Agriculture, including 
some who were helping respond to the ongoing bird flu outbreak, and 
more. If confirmed, you will be helping run the Department that is 
responsible for ensuring protections for workers and overseeing 
unemployment assistance.

        (a). Do you think Federal workers have been treated fairly over 
        the last few weeks?

        (b). How will you advise the Secretary and the Department best 
        support hundreds of thousands of newly unemployed Americans?

        (c). In the week since your hearing, have you, in your position 
        as an advisor at the Department of Labor, learned how many 
        workers have been fired from DOL?

    Answer 1(a)--(c). If confirmed, I am committed to working with the 
Secretary of Labor and Departmental officials to analyze all staffing 
and workforce decisions at the Department of Labor to ensure all 
American workers are protected in the workforce. The Department of 
Labor's Office of the Assistant Secretary for Management is responsible 
for all human resource decisions at the Department. I have full faith 
and confidence that the staff in this office is complying with all 
applicable laws while reviewing Executive Orders and the Office of 
Personnel Management guidance.

    Question 2. I have seen recent reports of workers at the Department 
of Education who were fired. These workers shared that their paperwork 
was dated incorrectly, which prevented them from applying for 
unemployment.

        (a). Do you think every Federal worker who has been fired in 
        the past few weeks due to probationary status should be able to 
        get unemployment assistance?

    Answer 2--(a). If confirmed, I am committed to working with the 
Secretary of Labor and Departmental officials to analyze all staffing 
and workforce decisions at the Department of Labor to ensure all 
American workers are protected in the workforce. The Department of 
Labor's Office of the Assistant Secretary for Management is responsible 
for all human resource decisions at the Department. I have full faith 
and confidence that the staff in this office is complying with all 
applicable laws while reviewing Executive Orders and the Office of 
Personnel Management guidance.

    Question 3. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration 
enforces all 25 whistleblower statutes, not just for worker safety, but 
for food safety, transportation safety, tax fraud, and more.

        (a). Do you commit to supporting OSHA's protection of whistle 
        blowers?

        (b). Will you defend against major cuts to the OSHA budget?

    Answer 3(a)--(b). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration 
plays a critical role in ensuring that America's workers have safe and 
healthful working conditions and are free from unlawful retaliation. 
The whistleblower laws enforced by OSHA protect employees who report 
violations of laws in the workplace and make the public safer. If 
confirmed, I will support and enforce all laws, including the 
whistleblower laws that protect American workers.

    The Department will leverage its resources to effectively fulfill 
its mission. While the President proposes the budget, it is ultimately 
up to Congress to determine funding. I am committed to supporting the 
President in developing budget proposals that prioritize the protection 
of American workers, and I will ensure that any resources allocated are 
used efficiently and responsibly.

    Question 4. As part of DOL's work enforcing whistleblower 
protections, OSHA receives confidential and sensitive information from 
workers speaking out.

        1. Do you think DOGE should be able to access this information?

        2. Do you think this information should be able to leave DOL?

        3. What will you do to make sure this information is secure, 
        not used incorrectly, or used to retaliate against workers?

    Answer 4(1)--(3). I understand the Department is currently in 
litigation related to this issue and is being represented by the 
Department of Justice.

    Generally speaking, I am committed to upholding laws regarding the 
rights of workers to have a workplace free of retaliation under the 
whistleblower provisions of the laws established by Congress and 
enforced by the Department.

    Question 5. While you were at EEOC, you focused a lot of your 
attention on AI. This is a topic I have been very interested in. In the 
House, I led a bipartisan Future of Work Caucus and the impact of 
technology on workers and hiring practices came up often.

        1. What role do you see for the Department of Labor regarding 
        AI?

        2. Do you think the Department has adequate data on the impact 
        of technologies, like AI, on the workforce?

    Answer 5(1)--(2). If confirmed, I look forward to having the 
opportunity to further explore how various Departmental program offices 
can help provide guidance to employees and employers on the impact of 
artificial intelligence in the workplace.

    Question 6. According to Census data, women account for 50.5 
percent of the population and 47 percent of the workforce?

        1. Do you consider research and efforts to understand and 
        reduce barriers for women in the workplace to be ``DEI?''

        2. If confirmed, would you advocate to continue the 
        Department's efforts to better understand and tackle challenges 
        facing women in the workforce?

    Answer 6(1)--(2). Discrimination against any person, including 
women, in the workforce is unlawful. If confirmed, I will commit to 
working with the staff at the Department to better understand and 
tackle challenges facing all American workers in the workforce, 
including women.

    Question 7. The Department of Labor is tasked with ensuring we have 
a skilled workforce that is prepared for existing and future 
industries. Through programs like the Strengthening Community College 
Training Grants (SCCTG), the Federal Government has supported 207 
colleges across 35 states.

        1. As Deputy Secretary will you support programs like SCCTG?

        2. What role do you see for the Department in creating more 
        opportunities for upskilling and workforce preparedness?

    Answer 7(1)--(2). Enhancing workforce training and upskilling 
programs, including through community colleges, is a critical part of 
President Trump's agenda in putting the American worker first. If 
confirmed, I commit to working with Congress and external stakeholders 
to identify the various ways in which the Department can best support 
the needs of local employers.

    Question 8. NLRB Board Member Gwynne Wilcox was recently fired by 
President Trump illegally.

        1. Do you support the reinstatement of NLRB Board Member Gwynne 
        Wilcox?

        2. You are the former Commissioner of an independent agency, 
        the EEOC. Do you believe in the value of the independence of 
        agencies like EEOC and NLRB?

        3. Are you concerned by recent efforts by this Administration 
        to rollback the independence of agencies, including the NLRB?

    Answer 8(1)--(3). I respect the authority of the President to 
oversee the Executive Branch and make decisions related to personnel.

    The National Labor Relations Board and the Equal Employment 
Opportunity Commission play critical roles in the protection of 
employment rights. I respect the authority of the President to oversee 
the executive branch. If confirmed, I will ensure the Department of 
Labor fulfills its mission to the American worker.
                           senator alsobrooks
               Workers' Rights and Collective Bargaining

    President Trump has undermined workers' rights and collective 
bargaining since taking office in 2025. One of his first executive 
orders nullified collective bargaining agreements finalized in the last 
month of the Biden administration, throwing Federal labor contracts 
into chaos. His administration has also pushed mass terminations of 
Federal employees, targeting those with less than 2 years of service.

    Question 1. Do you believe that Federal employees, including those 
at the Department of Labor (DOL), have the right to organize and 
collectively bargain without fear of retaliation?

    Answer 1. If confirmed, I will follow the law and work with the 
experts at the Department, including the Office of the Solicitor, to 
understand the collective bargaining process at the Department and the 
terms and conditions of the collective bargaining agreements in place. 
I commit to working with the Solicitor's Office and the Department's 
human resources experts, along with any directives from the White 
House, when making employment-related decisions.

    Question 2. Will you commit to ensuring that no Federal worker 
loses their union membership or dues deductions due to administrative 
actions under your leadership?

    Answer 2. If confirmed, I will follow the law and work with the 
experts at the Department, including the Office of the Solicitor, to 
understand the collective bargaining process at the Department and the 
terms and conditions of the collective bargaining agreements in place. 
I commit to working with the Solicitor's Office and the Department's 
human resources experts, along with any directives from the White 
House, when making employment-related decisions.

    Question 3. Will you commit to honoring all legally binding 
collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) signed by Federal agencies and 
labor unions?

    Answer 3. If confirmed, I will follow the law and work with the 
experts at the Department, including the Office of the Solicitor, to 
understand the collective bargaining process at the Department and the 
terms and conditions of the collective bargaining agreements in place.

    I commit to working with the Solicitor's Office and the 
Department's human resources experts, along with any directives from 
the White House, when making employment-related decisions.

    Question 4. Will you commit to following the collective bargaining 
agreement with employees at DOL?

    Answer 4. If confirmed, I will follow the law and work with the 
experts at the Department, including the Office of the Solicitor, to 
understand the collective bargaining process at the Department and the 
terms and conditions of the collective bargaining agreements in place. 
I commit to working with the Solicitor's Office and the Department's 
human resources experts, along with any directives from the White 
House, when making employment-related decisions.

    Question 5. Several states have passed laws restricting public-
sector unions' ability to bargain collectively. Do you support the 
Federal Government's role in protecting public employees' right to 
organize?

    Answer 5. If confirmed, I will follow the law and work with the 
experts at the Department, including the Office of the Solicitor, to 
understand the collective bargaining process at the Department and the 
terms and conditions of the collective bargaining agreements in place. 
I commit to working with the Solicitor's Office and the Department's 
human resources experts, along with any directives from the White 
House, when making employment-related decisions.

    Question 6. Many workers rely on pension plans negotiated through 
collective bargaining. Will you commit to protecting pension benefits 
and opposing any attempts to cut Federal support for multiemployer 
pension plans?

    Answer 6. If confirmed, I will follow the law and work with the 
experts at the Department, including the Office of the Solicitor, to 
understand the collective bargaining process at the Department and the 
terms and conditions of the collective bargaining agreements in place. 
I commit to working with the Solicitor's Office and the Department's 
human resources experts, along with any directives from the White 
House, when making employment-related decisions.

    Question 7. How will you work to collaborate in good faith with the 
unions at DOL?

    Answer 7. Throughout my career, I have consistently worked in good 
faith with all stakeholders to identify and bridge gaps in the 
employment space. If confirmed, I will continue to do so. I will follow 
the law and work with the experts at the Department, including the 
Office of the Solicitor, to understand the collective bargaining 
process at the Department and the terms and conditions of the 
collective bargaining agreements in place. I commit to working with the 
Solicitor's Office and the Department's human resources experts, along 
with any directives from the White House, when making employment-
related decisions.

    Question 8. Will you ensure merit-based hiring and promotions?

    Answer 8. I am committed to following the law, including President 
Trump's Executive Orders. If confirmed, I will work to ensure that the 
Department promotes individual initiative, excellence, and hard work 
and terminates all discriminatory and illegal preferences, mandates, 
policies, programs, activities, guidance, regulations, and 
requirements.

    Question 9. Do you agree to continue a robust Labor Management 
Forum?

    Answer 9. If confirmed, I commit to working with the Department's 
experts, including the Office of the Solicitor, with respect to any 
management decisions concerning the Department's workforce.
                         Wrongful Terminations
    Question 10. Thousands of Federal employees have been fired across 
the government over the past few weeks--supposedly because of their 
probationary status. Yet many were wrongfully cited for poor 
performance as part of their termination notices, despite documented 
records of strong performance--raising questions about what benefits 
they will be eligible to receive.

        (a). Recent Federal labor actions have resulted in mass layoffs 
        of workers, often with little notice. Will you commit to 
        ensuring that all layoffs follow proper legal procedures and 
        that affected employees receive due process?

        (b). Will you commit to rescinding the terminations of veterans 
        that were fired at the Department?

    Answer 10(a)--(b). If confirmed, I am committed to working with the 
Secretary of Labor and Departmental officials to analyze all staffing 
and workforce decisions at the Department of Labor to ensure all 
American workers are protected in the workforce. The Department of 
Labor's Office of the Assistant Secretary for Management is responsible 
for all human resource decisions at the Department. I have full faith 
and confidence that the staff in this office is complying with all 
applicable laws while reviewing Executive Orders and the Office of 
Personnel Management guidance.
                         Weekly Accomplishments
    Question 11. Department of Labor civil servants received the same 
e-mail as others across government over the weekend, telling them to 
submit five bullet points on the work they submitted the last week, 
with Elon Musk claiming that a failure to respond would be considered a 
resignation. This directive caused chaos, confusion and fear for 
Department employees. DOL staff apparently received mixed messages from 
their supervisors on how to respond. Some managers told staff that the 
choice to respond was at their discretion.

        (a). Who was involved in the decisions at the Department 
        regarding the guidance given to Department employees? Were you 
        involved?

        (b). Given the issues with conflicting guidance, can you commit 
        that no one at the Department will lose their job due to 
        perceived non-compliance with Musk's order?

        (c). Will you commit to protecting staff who are on leave and 
        were unable to respond to this Elon Musk order from 
        termination?

    Answer 11(a)--(c). I understand and respect that the Office of 
Personnel Management is responsible for providing direction to 
Executive Branch employees, including those at the Department of Labor.
                              Terminations
    Question 12. You said in an interview with Committee staff that you 
were ``committed to defending existing staff levels.''

        (a). What have you specifically done to make a case for the 
        probationary staffers that have been terminated at the 
        Department?

        (b). The Office of Disability Employment Policy helps increase 
        workplace opportunities for people with disabilities. Workers 
        here were fired as well. How do you think these firings better 
        help workers with disabilities?

        (c). Employees at the Women's Bureau, the Mine Safety and 
        Health Administration, and Bureau of International Labor 
        Affairs--all saw purges. Will these mass firings help increase 
        worker safety in mines? Or prevent pregnancy discrimination in 
        the workplace?

        (d). Will you object to additional mass firings at the 
        Department of Labor?

        (e). How will you ensure that the Department has sufficient 
        staff to meet its mandates, as well as enforce rules and 
        regulations about retirement plans?

    Answer 12(a)--(e). If confirmed, I am committed to working with the 
Secretary of Labor and Departmental officials to analyze all staffing 
and workforce decisions at the Department of Labor to ensure all 
American workers are protected in the workforce. The Department of 
Labor's Office of the Assistant Secretary for Management is responsible 
for all human resource decisions at the Department. I have full faith 
and confidence that the staff in this office is complying with all 
applicable laws while reviewing Executive Orders and the Office of 
Personnel Management guidance.
                   Misclassified Termination Notices
    Question 13. The first wave of mass firings didn't just impact 
probationary employees. In fact, many employees claim that they 
received termination notices even though they do not have probationary 
status. Others were fired due to ``poor performance,'' even though they 
have documented records of strong performance.

        (a). How many staff at DOL were given incorrect ``poor 
        performance'' citations on their termination notices?

        (b). How many staffers at DOL were incorrectly classified as 
        probationary employees are part of DOL's first wave of 
        terminations?

        (c). Will you commit to reinstating employees that were 
        wrongfully terminated, or were not in the probationary period?

    Answer 13(a)--(c). If confirmed, I am committed to working with the 
Secretary of Labor and Departmental officials to analyze all staffing 
and workforce decisions at the Department of Labor to ensure all 
American workers are protected in the workforce. The Department of 
Labor's Office of the Assistant Secretary for Management is responsible 
for all human resource decisions at the Department. I have full faith 
and confidence that the staff in this office is complying with all 
applicable laws while reviewing Executive Orders and the Office of 
Personnel Management guidance.
                          Reorganization Plans
    Question 14. This week, OMB and OPM asked agencies to submit 
``reorganization plans'' in 2 weeks to prepare for mass firings. 
Yesterday, OMB and OPM asked agencies to submit ``reorganization 
plans'' in 2 weeks to prepare for mass firings.

        (a). Who will be on the leadership team putting together the 
        ``mass firing'' and reorganization plan for the Department of 
        Labor?

        (b). How many more employees and services will be cut at the 
        Department because of this haphazard ``reorganization?''

    Answer 14(a)--(b). If confirmed, I am committed to working with the 
Secretary of Labor and Departmental officials to analyze all staffing 
and workforce decisions at the Department of Labor to ensure all 
American workers are protected in the workforce. The Department of 
Labor's Office of the Assistant Secretary for Management is responsible 
for all human resource decisions at the Department. I have full faith 
and confidence that the staff in this office is complying with all 
applicable laws while reviewing Executive Orders and the Office of 
Personnel Management guidance.
                                 ______
                                 
    [Whereupon, at 11:26 a.m., the hearing was adjourned.]

                                  [all]