[Senate Hearing 119-14]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                                                         S. Hrg. 119-14

                      LEGISLATIVE PRESENTATION OF
                 DISABLED AMERICAN VETERANS AND MULTI VSOs:
                      AMVETS, VIETNAM VETERANS OF
                    AMERICA, MILITARY ORDER OF THE PURPLE
                    HEART, BLINDED VETERANS ASSOCIATION,
                   VETERANS EDUCATION SUCCESS, GOLD STAR
                      WIVES OF AMERICA, INC., AND
                    RESERVE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICA

=======================================================================

                             JOINT HEARING

                               BEFORE THE

                     COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS

                                 OF THE

                             UNITED STATES
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                                AND THE

                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                             FIRST SESSION

                               __________

                           FEBRUARY 25, 2025

                               __________

       Printed for the use of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs
       
[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]       


        Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.govinfo.gov
        
                                __________

                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
59-384 PDF                  WASHINGTON : 2025                  
          
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                 SENATE COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS

                     Jerry Moran, Kansas, Chairman
John Boozman, Arkansas               Richard Blumenthal, Connecticut, 
Bill Cassidy, Louisiana                  Ranking Member
Thom Tillis, North Carolina          Patty Murray, Washington
Dan Sullivan, Alaska                 Bernard Sanders, Vermont
Marsha Blackburn, Tennessee          Mazie K. Hirono, Hawaii
Kevin Cramer, North Dakota           Margaret Wood Hassan, New 
Tommy Tuberville, Alabama                Hampshire
Jim Banks, Indiana                   Angus S. King, Jr., Maine
Tim Sheehy, Montana                  Tammy Duckworth, Illinois
                                     Ruben Gallego, Arizona
                                     Elissa Slotkin, Michigan

                     David Shearman, Staff Director
                Tony McClain, Democratic Staff Director

                              ----------                              

        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS

                     Mike Bost, Illinois, Chairman

Aumua Amata Coleman Radewagen,       Mark Takano, California, Ranking 
    American Samoa                       Member
Jack Bergman, Michigan               Julia Brownley, California
Nancy Mace, South Carolina           Chris Pappas, New Hampshire
Mariannette Miller-Meeks, Iowa       Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick, 
Gregory F. Murphy, North Carolina        Florida
Derrick Van Orden, Wisconsin         Morgan McGarvey, Kentucky
Morgan Luttrell, Texas               Delia C. Ramirez, Illinois
Juan Ciscomani, Arizona              Nikki Budzinski, Illinois
Keith Self, Texas                    Timothy M. Kennedy, New York
Jennifer A. Kiggans, Virginia        Maxine Dexter, Oregon
Abe Hamadeh, Arizona                 Herb Conaway, New Jersey
Kimberlyn King-Hinds, Northern       Kelly Morrison, Minnesota
    Mariana Islands
Tom Barrett, Michigan

                       Jon Clark, Staff Director
                  Matt Reel, Democratic Staff Director
                            
                            C O N T E N T S

                              ----------                              

                           February 25, 2025

                                                                   Page

                            REPRESENTATIVES

Hon. Mike Bost, Chairman, U.S. Representative from Illinois......     1
Hon. Mark Takano, Ranking Member, U.S. Representative from 
  California.....................................................     4
Hon. Aumua Amata Coleman Radewagen, U.S. Representative from 
  American Samoa.................................................    16
Hon. Chris Pappas, U.S. Representative from New Hampshire........    18
Hon. Jack Bergman, U.S. Representative from Michigan.............    19
Hon. Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick, U.S. Representative from Florida    21
Hon. Morgan Luttrell, U.S. Representative from Texas.............    22
Hon. Morgan McGarvey, U.S. Representative from Kentucky..........    23
Hon. Abe Hamadeh, U.S. Representative from Arizona...............    24
Hon. Nikki Budzinski, U.S. Representative from Illinois..........    25
Hon. Kimberlyn King-Hinds, U.S. Representative from Northern 
  Mariana Islands................................................    26
Hon. Kelly Morrison, U.S. Representative from Minnesota..........    27
Hon. Mariannette Miller-Meeks, U.S. Representative from Iowa.....    28
Hon. Delia Ramirez, U.S. Representative from Illinois............    45
Hon. Maxine Dexter, U.S. Representative from Oregon..............    47
Hon. Herb Conaway, U.S. Representative from New Jersey...........    48

                                SENATORS

Hon. Jerry Moran, Chairman, U.S. Senator from Kansas.............     3
Hon. Richard Blumenthal, Ranking Member, U.S. Senator from 
  Connecticut....................................................     5
Hon. Angus S. King, Jr., U.S. Senator from Maine.................    16
Hon. Thom Tillis, U.S. Senator from North Carolina...............    17
Hon. Margaret Wood Hassan, U.S. Senator from New Hampshire.......    30

                               INTRODUCER

Hon. Pete Aguilar, U.S. Representative from California...........     8

                               WITNESSES
                                Panel I

Daniel Contreras, National Commander, Disabled American Veterans.     9

  accompanied by

  Jim Marszalek, National Service Director

  Joy Ilem, National Legislative Director

   Edward R. Reese, Jr., Executive Director, Washington 
    Headquarters

  Barry Jesinoski, National Adjutant

  John Kleindienst, National Director of Voluntary Service

  Lamarr Couser, National Employment Director

  Christopher Easley, Auxiliary National Commander

                                Panel II

Horace Johnson, National Commander, AMVETS.......................    32

Jack McManus, National President, Vietnam Veterans of America....    33

Robert Olivarez Jr., National Commander, Military Order of the 
  Purple Heart...................................................    35

Paul L. Mimms, National President, Blinded Veterans Association..    36

William Hubbard, Vice President for Veterans and Military Policy, 
  Veterans Education Success.....................................    38

Nancy Menagh, Past National President, Gold Star Wives of 
  America, Inc...................................................    40

Matthew L. Schwartzman, Director, Legislation and Military 
  Policy, Reserve Organization of America........................    41

                                APPENDIX
                          Prepared Statements

Daniel Contreras, National Commander, Disabled American Veterans.    55

Horace Johnson, National Commander, AMVETS.......................    89

Jack McManus, National President, Vietnam Veterans of America....   100

Robert Olivarez Jr., National Commander, Military Order of the 
  Purple Heart...................................................   115

Paul L. Mimms, National President, Blinded Veterans Association..   120

William Hubbard, Vice President for Veterans and Military Policy, 
  Veterans Education Success.....................................   137

Nancy Menagh, Past National President, Gold Star Wives of 
  America, Inc...................................................   167

Matthew L. Schwartzman, Director, Legislation and Military 
  Policy, Reserve Organization of America........................   176

                       Submissions for the Record

Statement of Alfred J. ``Al'' Lipphardt, National Commander, 
  Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW).................................   213

Reports submitted by Disabled American Veterans (DAV):

   G``Ending the Wait for Toxic-Exposed Veterans: A Post-
    PACT Act
    Blueprint for Reforming the VA Presumptive Process''

    (available online: www.dav.org/ending-the-wait/)

   G``The Independent Budget: Fiscal Years 2026 and 
    2027''

    (available online: www.independentbudget.org)

   G``Women Veterans: The Journey to Mental Wellness''

    (available online: www.dav.org/women-veterans-study/)

 
LEGISLATIVE PRESENTATION OF DISABLED AMERICAN VETERANS AND MULTI VSOs: 
   AMVETS, VIETNAM VETERANS OF AMERICA, MILITARY ORDER OF THE PURPLE 
 HEART, BLINDED VETERANS ASSOCIATION, VETERANS EDUCATION SUCCESS, GOLD 
    STAR WIVES OF AMERICA, INC., AND RESERVE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICA

                              ----------                              


                       TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2025

             U.S. House of Representatives,
                                   and U.S. Senate,
                            Committee on Veterans' Affairs,
                                                    Washington, DC.
    The Committees met, pursuant to notice, at 10 a.m., in Room 
390, Cannon House Office Building, Hon. Mike Bost, Chairman of 
the Veterans' Affairs Committee, presiding.

    Present:

    Representatives Bost, Radewagen, Bergman, Miller-Meeks, 
Luttrell, Hamadeh, King-Hinds, Barrett, Takano, Brownley, 
Pappas, Cherfilus-McCormick, McGarvey, Ramirez, Budzinski, 
Kennedy, Dexter, Conaway, and Morrison.

    Senators Moran, Tillis, Banks, Sheehy, Blumenthal, Hassan, 
and King.

              OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. MIKE BOST,
          CHAIRMAN, U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM ILLINOIS

    Chairman Bost. Good morning. I want to thank you all for 
being here. Welcome to my Senate colleagues, Chairman Moran, 
Ranking Member Blumenthal, and I would also like to thank DAV's 
National Commander, Daniel Contreras and his wife Teresa for 
being here today. Thank you.
    I would also like to give a welcome to DAV Auxiliary 
National Commander Christopher Easley. Thank you for being 
here. And I'm pleased that there are folks here from the great 
State of Illinois.
    Voices. Hooah.
    If you would stand, I would just love to see you. Good to 
see you. Thank you for being here.
    [Applause.]
    I have to be real careful because we want to include all of 
Illinois, but being from Southern Illinois, we capitalize the 
``S'' there, so people don't realize how far out of Chicago I 
live. But thank you for traveling here from our home state. I 
want to say a special thank you for that.
    So, we want to give a warm welcome to everybody. But before 
we get started, I would like to acknowledge a couple of people 
that--if you are around here, you are around. These two are 
very very close to this Committee and DAV should be proud of 
who they are and the job that they do, and that's Peter 
Dickinson and Shane Liermann.
    [Applause.]
    And for all of their national staff. But let me tell you, 
they work hard on your behalf--veterans--they make a real 
difference for you. And I want to tell you that we are 
continuing to keep them in our prayers as they are trying to 
heal up. Both of them have had a health issue and we are hoping 
for their speedy recovery.
    Well, this Congress marks a decade on this sacred 
Committee. And this is my second term as Chairman, and it is an 
honor to serve you. The mission of the VA Committee has always 
been personal to me. Many of you have heard my story of how I 
grew up around veterans, how my father, Army veteran and his 
brothers; my grandfather, one Navy, one Marine.
    Voices. Hooah.
    Chairman Bost. Hooah, yes. An uncle, a Marine in Vietnam 
that was victim of the ultimate oxymoron, friendly fire, but 
was very successful in life and still alive and doing well, and 
that has a whole lot to do to the VA and his services he 
received there. Myself, as a Marine, my son as a Marine, my 
grandson is a Marine.
    Voices. Hooah.
    Chairman Bost. Hooah. So you know how personal this is to 
me. And every time I sit at this dais, I am reminded of how 
important this is and the debating, whether it is debating with 
the Agency or the other side of the aisle, it is always my 
focus is on the veteran.
    Many of you have watched me and known me around here, and 
you see this dirty bracelet cord right here? I have worn that 
ever since coming to Congress. And then I am going to tell you 
the story on that, because about a year and a half ago, the guy 
who gave me that, we lost him. We just knew him as Lieutenant 
Dan, and he is a Vietnam veteran. And he made these cords, and 
he came to me just after I was elected to Congress, and he 
said, I am going to give you a couple of these, and I want you 
to wear them on a regular basis, he says, because every time 
you look down, I want you to remember who you serve, and that 
helps tremendously.
    Now, for me, it has always been about the veterans. It is 
not about protecting government bureaucracy. I know the 
sacrifices each of you have made, especially our disabled 
veterans community. Each of you has fought to protect our 
Constitutional rights. I am particularly proud of the work DAV 
has done to help disabled veterans and their spouses find 
meaningful employment. You know, in the testimony that is given 
by you today, that recovery from an injury is not complete 
until the veterans are able to find meaning and purpose. I look 
forward to hearing more about what the DAV is doing to help 
disabled veterans and spouses reach their professional goals 
and how Congress can help.
    DAV plays a vitally important role in making sure we 
advance common sense proposals and conduct oversight to meet 
the needs of the entire veteran community, no matter where they 
live or where they want to work. Veterans should have the 
freedom to use the benefits of VA that VA offers in exchange 
for their service to meet their individual needs. And they 
shouldn't spend hours driving in a car to get them, or combing 
through wonky paperwork for months on end, or needless waiting 
for a phone call to get a simple answer. You know where VA is 
falling short, and you know where we need to push the Agency to 
bring it out of the Stone Age and into the New Age.
    You have my commitment that as long as I am in charge, we 
will continue to fight for you. The hundreds and thousands of 
veterans outside the DCA Beltway who just want their health 
care on time and their benefits when they need them. You know 
this old corporal takes this mission seriously and I know our 
new VA Secretary and my friend Doug Collins does too.
    Under President Trump's leadership, I know we are going to 
put you, the veteran, and the VA service back at the center of 
VA mission. And when the bureaucracy tries to get in the way, I 
will continue to be the first to hold them accountable and get 
the answers for you.
    We made great progress through the Dole Act last Congress 
and I appreciate DAV's support for this legislation. By working 
together, we can accomplish some tremendous wins. Because of 
the Dole Act, we have a law that will help streamline the 
disability claims process, reduce veterans homelessness, 
strengthen mental health care and improve access to at-home 
care and much more.
    The Dole Act was a great victory for our veterans, but 
there is much more that we can do and will do with your help. 
Now, my door has always been and will continue to be open to 
you. We must deliver for our veterans to protect their health 
care choice, expand economic and educational opportunities, 
streamline benefits, and get it done. I promise to keep up the 
fight we all are in together. Now is not the time to take our 
foot off the gas. I look forward to completing our mission 
alongside of you. Thank you again for being here today and with 
that I now recognize Chairman Moran for his opening comments.

             OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. JERRY MORAN,
               CHAIRMAN, U.S. SENATOR FROM KANSAS

    Chairman Moran. Chairman Bost, thank you. Thank you for 
hosting this joint hearing and we look forward to this 
continuing. The Senate will host in a few weeks, and we will 
see you on our side of the building. But it is good to be here 
with you. It is good to be here with your Members. Good to be 
here with my Ranking Member, Senator Blumenthal, and the 
Ranking Member of the House, Senator--Congressman Takano, and I 
welcome our VSOs, our witnesses, and those here present and 
those at home watching. I too say a special hello to all VSO 
members that are here or tuning in today from Kansas. I am 
grateful to the VSO leadership testifying today. I have met, we 
have discussed, and being here in person now to share their 
great passion and expertise for supporting veterans, their 
families and their survivors.
    Policies and programs that we will discuss today depend 
upon a strong and effective workforce at the VA to deliver the 
care and benefits veterans deserve. I am committed to working 
with VSOs and my colleagues to make certain that the necessary 
VA workforce is preserved as VA implements new federal 
workforce guidance. This Committee has asked, the Senate 
committee has asked for lists of those who are impacted by 
actions, broken down by location and occupation. The VA has 
said none of these employees were in mission-critical 
positions, including no VCL responders. The VA has said there 
is a process in place that allows for the first senior 
executive in an impacted employee's chain of command to request 
an exemption. I have asked for and expect to receive, but I am 
continuing to wait for further details about this process.
    The VA must be forthcoming and transparent to Congress, to 
VSOs, to the public, to its workforce regarding workforce 
strategy. We are all engaged in attempts to root out any waste, 
fraud, or abuse that is prevalent or is present. And we are all 
interested in putting the veteran first. We await additional 
answers to our questions.
    I thank you and I look forward to today's hearing.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Chairman Moran. I now recognize 
Ranking Member Takano for his opening comment.

             OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. MARK TAKANO,
      RANKING MEMBER, U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM CALIFORNIA

    Mr. Takano. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Today we continue our 
annual tradition of jointly welcoming veterans service 
organizations to testify before Congress about their 
legislative priorities. And I am pleased to welcome our first 
panel of the National Commander and representatives of the 
Disabled American Veterans, and our second panel 
representatives from AMVETS, Vietnam Veterans of America, the 
Military Order of the Purple Heart, the Blinded Veterans 
Association, Veterans Education Success, the Gold Star Wives of 
America, and the Reserve Organization of America. And I would 
like to extend a special welcome to DAV's National Commander, 
Dan Contreras, who hails from Sherman Oaks, California. We are 
practically neighbors and it is great to see you again, sir.
    And speaking of Californians, are there any Californians in 
the room this morning? [Applause.] I see one very special one 
at the very center of the table. I know he is there to 
introduce you, Mr. Contreras. He is my neighbor.
    These hearings are important because they are a great 
opportunity for us to hear from the VSOs about issues impacting 
veterans in their daily lives. And it was at these hearings in 
2022, when the VSOs stood in solidarity calling on Congress to 
pass the Honoring our PACT Act that finally convinced the 
holdouts to get on board. Without you, we would have never 
passed the largest expansion of veterans health care and 
benefits since the Vietnam War. Without you, millions of 
veterans would still be struggling to access health care for 
the toxic exposure they experienced in their service to our 
country. I will always be grateful to the VSOs for helping us 
get it done.
    As I have said since it passed, the PACT Act was never 
meant to be a one and done. There is still so much more work to 
be done because the PACT was not only about toxic exposure, it 
is also about our promise to ensure that veterans have access 
to their care and benefits and that we do everything we can to 
end veteran homelessness and veteran suicide. Address the new 
categories of illness and injury associated with military 
service, for example blast injury and military traumatic brain 
injury. Finally, achieve Guard and Reserve parity. Ensure that 
VA is welcoming to all veterans who have earned the right to be 
there. Ensure that VA's infrastructure can support its mission 
and so much more.
    But unfortunately, given today's political climate, I am 
not optimistic about our chances. I am afraid these hearings 
are occurring in a very different atmosphere this year. Now, I 
have grave concerns about how President Trump's Executive 
orders are being carried out across the Federal Government, 
most especially at the Department of Veterans Affairs. And yes, 
Chairman Moran, I too, have questions, and I too think that 
veterans deserve those answers to the questions we have.
    I question how purging the workforce, firing the watchdogs, 
and making VA hostile to certain veterans is helping VA serve 
veterans better. I think serving veterans is why we are all 
here. It is certainly why I am here and why I serve on this 
Committee, because I think there is no higher calling or honor 
than to serve those who have served.
    Since he was sworn in, I have requested information from 
Secretary Collins about his implementation of the Executive 
orders and his employment actions against VA employees, none of 
which he has responded to. This is very troubling. We deserve 
answers.
    It is my hope that I can count on the VSO community to help 
us hold VA accountable to all veterans and that you will also 
hold Congress accountable by making sure action is behind our 
words. That we are being held accountable for carrying out our 
Constitutional oversight responsibilities by asking tough 
questions, demanding answers, and taking legislative action 
when it is needed. We cannot waver on this because we know that 
veterans are depending on us. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I yield 
back.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Mr. Takano. I now recognize 
Ranking Member Blumenthal for his opening comment.

         OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. RICHARD BLUMENTHAL,
         RANKING MEMBER, U.S. SENATOR FROM CONNECTICUT

    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I want to 
thank you and the Ranking Member on the House side and my 
Chairman on the Senate side for your leadership. These issues 
have been bipartisan, and I think the record ought to reflect, 
Mr. Chairman, that we have a full room, standing room only. 
Thank you all for being here today and showing your solidarity 
with the veterans of America. [Applause.] And we may have a 
couple of people from Connecticut, I am not sure, but welcome 
to all of you. A few.
    As the Chairman indicated, we are here today in support of 
veterans, and it is very much a family affair. Less than 1 
percent of all Americans these days have anything to do with 
service in our military, but they are among the most deserving, 
the most patriotic, the most dedicated among us. Two of my sons 
have served, one as a combat infantry officer in Afghanistan in 
the Marine Corps [Cheering], and the other as a Navy SEAL 
[Cheering]. And they are both proud veterans, and they keep me 
on the straight and narrow.
    We are here today at a pretty momentous and important time, 
and I am just going to be very blunt. Our VA is under assault. 
The veterans of America are under assault. Just last night, 
another 1400 members of the veterans family were fired from 
their VA jobs. Many of those who were fired are themselves 
veterans who have dedicated their life to serving veterans. 
That brings the number to, now, 2400 who have been fired with 
no credible explanation. And I recommend to you the statement 
that was issued by the Veterans of Foreign Wars National 
Commander Al Lipphardt just last night. I am not going to read 
it all, but I ask Mr. Chairman that it be entered into the 
record if there is no objection. It says, and I am quoting, 
``we are losing people who are genuinely committed to the 
mission and find a continued sense of purpose in what they 
do.'' That describes just about all of our VA employees who 
have dedicated their lives, many of them, to serving our 
veterans.
    This past month's assault, in my view, on the VA workforce 
and on the federal workforce generally, will do significant and 
irreparable harm to the delivery of your care and benefits. As 
I mentioned, just last night, Secretary Collins fired another 
1400 more employees without notice and without cause, and all 
in the name of cost savings, even though we all know that the 
costs will be higher in the long run. If you don't care for a 
veteran when he or she needs it now, it will only be more 
expensive later.
    As veterans, you deserve a VA comprised of the very best 
medical providers, claims processors, cemetery directors, and 
other critical staff, regardless of cost. But in this instance, 
the cost will be higher from these supposed savings. In the 
name of eliminating waste, Elon Musk and DOGE are laying waste 
to the VA. And the VA National Commander put it well, when he 
said that Elon Musk is bull-``DOGE''-ing the VA and other 
agencies.
    The attacks on the VA staff since January 20th are already 
having real-life impacts in the field. And all of you are 
hearing from our fellow veterans. All of you are hearing their 
stories, their individual life impacts. My office spoke to one 
employee last night moments after she found out that she had 
been terminated from her job with the Veterans Crisis Line, 
which of course saves people when they are thinking about 
taking their own lives. She is a 100 percent service-connected 
disabled veterans and an active-duty military spouse with 
outstanding performance reviews. Her job is to ensure training 
is provided to other Veterans Crisis Line responders, 
empowering them to do their jobs better.
    Another 100 percent disabled veteran who served his country 
for 14 years, did four combat tours and has 10 years of 
service. Fired. A veteran who was the lead coordinator on 
dozens of contracts for VA and had a 5 out of 5 performance 
rating on her last review. Fired. A disabled Army veteran who 
successfully transitioned out of homelessness and now has a 
bachelor's and two master's degrees and who chose to serve his 
fellow veterans on the Veterans Health Administration. Fired. I 
could spend the rest of the morning with the list. Real-life 
impacts.
    These men and women weren't fired because of poor 
performance. They were arbitrarily fired because someone looked 
at an algorithm or at a status and saw probationary. Even 
though they might have been promoted and are in a probationary 
status in that new job, and decided, fired.
    If you believe that the VA is a system worth saving, and I 
think everybody in this room does, we are going to need your 
help. We are going to need you to be the voice and face of 
millions, and I mean millions of veterans across the country 
whose care and benefits is at stake. As we begin the first of 
six panels over the next two weeks, my fellow lawmakers in both 
the House and the Senate need you to be bold, candid, and 
strong.
    The VFW National Commander noted that next week on March 
4th, he is going to be here before this Committee and he said, 
``I want to see hats in the hallways of our Capitol as our 
legislative committee members engage with lawmakers in 
demanding that they, `Honor the Contract,' the government has 
made with those who have already served and sacrificed so much 
for America. It is time to apply pressure and stop the 
bleeding.''
    I hope we see hats in the hallways. I hope we see heads in 
the hallways from all of you and others. And I really want to 
thank you for being here today. This picture is worth a 
thousand words. Let us keep fighting. Thank you. I yield back.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Senator. I have said this once, I 
will say it again. I trust Secretary Collins in doing the right 
thing for veterans, taxpayers, to effectively right size and 
reorganize VA to work better for men and women it serves. One, 
because he is himself a veteran, and two, because he knows the 
mission in serving veterans. As Chairman and as a veteran 
myself, my mission is the same. Veterans, the people sitting in 
front of us right now, are my number one priority, not 
protecting bureaucracy. Let me say that again. Veterans who are 
sitting in front of me right now are who I am fighting for, not 
bureaucracy. That should be and will continue to be the 
priority of Republicans on this Committee. We would be lying to 
each other and all of you if we said that everything at the VA 
is perfect and there aren't any improvements that need to be 
made to make the Agency work better. Now, that includes the 
workforce. I take Secretary Collins at his word when he says 
there will be no impact to the delivery of care, benefits, 
services for our veterans in this plan. My colleagues on the 
other side of the aisle continue to spread false information 
about what has happened and to scare and use veterans as pawns.
    VA has reduced its workforce by less than 1 percent. Let me 
say that again--by less than 1 percent. You do understand that 
there is over 400,000 employees in the VA. I also want to say 
the VA had a record of hiring and a surge over this last year. 
The last administration acknowledged many times that they were 
over-hiring and were hoping to manage this problem through 
employment employee turnover. We have heard this song before, 
and I hope my colleagues on the other side of the aisle will 
stop using veterans and their families as political posturing.
    I trust that Secretary Collins and President Trump, are 
doing the right thing for the millions of veterans VA serves. 
As long as I am Chairman, I will continue to focus on the 
results for those men and women who have served and our 
veterans who we are serving, not the bureaucracies. And let me 
also say this. Not only are veterans veterans, they are also 
taxpayers. They are also concerned that they want to make sure 
that when they go to the VA, they receive the services that 
they need to and that the bureaucracy hasn't grown so big that 
they are focusing on other areas than the physical treatments 
that they need to receive at the VA or the mental health they 
need to receive at the VA.
    There is nothing wrong with making sure that our VA is 
operating best for you, and understand that is where we are at. 
And I look forward to making sure we move forward in a way that 
the services are provided at the rate and the place and the 
time that the veteran needs them, not having to jump through 
the hoops that I talked about earlier in my opening statement.
    But with that, let us get back to the business at hand. 
Improving the delivery, care, and services, and benefits. VA 
for you. With that, I will now want to yield to Representative 
Aguilar to introduce the Disabled American Veterans Commander. 
Representative Aguilar, you are now recognized.

               INTRODUCTION BY HON. PETE AGUILAR,
              U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM CALIFORNIA

    Mr. Aguilar. Thank you, Chairman Bost, Chairman Moran, 
Ranking Members Takano and Blumenthal, our colleagues in the 
Senate and in the House. I am privileged to address your 
Committee today to introduce Commander Daniel Contreras. As you 
know, the Disabled American Veterans organization was 
established after World War I and has played a vital role after 
every military conflict in promoting the welfare of our 
Nation's veterans as they return home to reintegrate into 
civilian life. Combat medic and nurse from 1980 to 1996, 
Commander Contreras rose to the rank of Sergeant First Class. 
He spent his entire civilian life working to help other 
veterans injured during their service. He is a role model and a 
pillar of our community back home in Southern California. He is 
a fixture in San Bernardino or in Riverside and throughout 
California, up and down the state, and now across this Nation. 
It is an incredible honor for our community to watch someone 
who has given so much be recognized as a champion for veterans. 
As your Committee looks to the role of the VSOs, I know that 
Commander Contreras will be an invaluable resource for your 
Committee and a fierce advocate for the veterans that he 
represents.
    This is a difficult time for our Nation's veterans. As you 
have all mentioned in your opening statements, disabled 
veterans already face significant hardship in employment, 
housing, and accessing health care. We should not be taking 
steps to add to this burden. I trust that the voices of 
America's disabled veterans will continue to inform the work 
that you undertake to uphold our Nation's sacred obligation to 
those who have worn the uniform.
    Thank you so much, Mr. Chairman. And I yield back.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you. Thank you for being here as well. 
And, Commander, you are now recognized for 10 minutes to 
deliver your opening statement. And thank you again for being 
here.

                            PANEL I

                              ----------                              


  STATEMENT OF DANIEL CONTRERAS, NATIONAL COMMANDER, DISABLED 
   AMERICAN VETERANS ACCOMPANIED BY JIM MARSZALEK, NATIONAL 
  SERVICE DIRECTOR; JOY ILEM, NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE DIRECTOR; 
     EDWARD R. REESE, JR., EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, WASHINGTON 
    HEADQUARTERS; BARRY JESINOSKI, NATIONAL ADJUTANT; JOHN 
  KLEINDIENST, NATIONAL DIRECTOR OF VOLUNTARY SERVICE; LAMARR 
 COUSER, NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT DIRECTOR; AND CHRISTOPHER EASLEY, 
                  AUXILIARY NATIONAL COMMANDER

    Mr. Contreras. Thank you for that. Thank you for that kind 
introduction Representative Aguilar. I very much appreciate the 
work we were able to accomplish together in providing our 
veterans access to their records through the Wounded Warrior 
Access Act.
    Chairman Moran and Bost, Ranking Members Blumenthal and 
Takano and Members of the Committees on Veterans Affairs, thank 
you for the opportunity to present the 2025 legislative 
priorities of DAV, Disabled American Veterans, an organization 
representing nearly 1 million members, all of whom returned 
from wartime service forever changed.
    My written testimony details DAV's key legislative goals 
for the 119th Congress and summarizes our many programs and 
accomplishments throughout the last year. So I will use my 
limited time today to highlight some of our most pressing, 
critical policy goals. But first, let me introduce my DAV 
colleagues joining me today, National Adjutant Barry Jesinoski, 
Washington Headquarters Executive Director Randy Reese, 
National Service Director Jim Marszalek, National Legislative 
Director Joy Ilem, National Voluntary Service Director John 
Kleindienst, National Caregiver Support Program Director Ron 
Minter, National Employment Director Lamarr Couser, and 
Auxiliary National Commander Christopher Easley.
    I would also like to recognize the many DAV members and 
leaders sitting behind me today. Not every member could make 
the trip to Washington, but their contributions have been 
critical to DAV's success as the Nation's premier veterans 
service organization. Others have supported DAV's vital mission 
over the past year. They include our senior and junior Vice 
Commanders who step up to serve once again, and leaders of the 
DAV Auxiliary.
    I wish to express my gratitude to our National Executive 
Committee and members of the National Legislative Interim 
Committee, the Department of California, as well as my Chief of 
Staff Enrique Ramos for all of their support. And finally, I 
want to thank my beautiful wife Teresa, who has remained a 
steadfast partner and supporter of myself and veterans 
everywhere.
    Mr. Chairman, I sit before you as a service-disabled 
veteran who served as a combat medic and nurse for 16 years. My 
path to joining the military was laid well before me. As I saw 
my brothers and sisters raise their hands swearing to defend 
our Nation and the Constitution, I decided it was my turn. I 
intended to enlist as a Navy corpsman, but I found the Army to 
be the best bet for me.
    Voices. Hooah.
    The Army offered me an immense opportunity that continues 
to pay dividends today. As a medic, it opened up the world of 
caring. Once I saw the healing side of service, I knew I was 
hooked. When my time in uniform ended, my career helping 
veterans was taking flight. Early in my civilian transition, I 
reconnected with an Army buddy who introduced me to DAV and the 
services we provide. What drew me to this organization more 
than anything was a chance to secure justice for my fellow 
veterans and make sure that a sacred promise was kept. It was a 
new kind of caring, one that doesn't go away as we get older.
    Mr. Chairman, veterans need access to a full continuum of 
long-term care and caregiver support. That necessity has grown 
substantially and will continue to do so as veterans who served 
in America's longest war continue to age. The Department of 
Veterans Affairs projects that in 10 years the number of 
veterans aged 85 and older will increase by a third and women 
veterans in this age group could more than double. To meet 
aging veteran needs, the VA offers several caregiver support 
programs. However, gaps still exist.
    Veteran caregivers have proved to be life-saving. They 
provide some of the most essential support to veterans, putting 
in countless hours, often sacrificing their own well-being to 
care for another. Many do so by foregoing a traditional career 
and at a great cost to their personal health.
    But caregiving isn't without its own costs. Taxpayers 
benefit because of the services caregivers provide, which keep 
veterans from requiring government-funded assistance. But 
studies have shown that over 60 percent of caregivers 
experience burnout. We see that in the community we serve and 
sadly, most don't know where to turn for help.
    When it comes to caregiving, for me, it is personal. I know 
it is an area that needs more focus because I live it as a 
veteran and a caregiver to my wife who is battling stage four 
cancer. Having this experience that no one asked for provides 
insight. I have stood by her side through multiple surgeries, 
during chemotherapy, radiation, infusion, and a medical trial. 
Like every caregiver I know, I do it all in a heartbeat. And I 
know with every fiber of my being that if the shoe were on the 
other foot, she would be there for me.
    This is such a crucial area and we need to help veteran 
caregivers by providing comprehensive resources, including 
training and financial assistance and requiring the VA to offer 
more assisted living care options. At DAV, we operate our own 
Caregiver Support initiative to help these unsung heroes. Since 
its inception in October 2023, DAV Caregiver Support has 
connected over 1400 caregivers to a host of public and private 
resources.
    While we are exceptionally proud of the success of our 
program, the responsibility to provide such support ultimately 
rests with the VA. We urge Congress to increase resources for 
expanding home-based services and create assisted living 
options for service-disabled veterans. This will help us ensure 
that veterans can live in their own homes with respect and 
dignity.
    Mr. Chairman, another crucial and critical issue for DAV is 
ensuring that no toxic-exposed veteran is left behind. American 
service members have been harmed by toxic exposures since DAV's 
founders returned from the trenches of World War I. With the 
help and leadership of these Committees, the PACT Act created 
more than 20 presumptive conditions for burn pits and other 
toxic exposures. And we thank you for that recognition.
    [Applause.]
    In addition to expanding health care access and benefits to 
millions of veterans, they are no longer burdened to prove 
their exposures cause these cancers and illnesses. And while 
the PACT Act has been transformational, the law does not cover 
every toxic-exposed veteran. Those who served at Fort McClellan 
and other areas still face an uphill battle to prove their 
illnesses is a result of exposure. But doing so can be 
impossible, especially years or decades later. And it also did 
not include adequate accountability and transparency. That is 
why DAV and the Military Officers Association of America 
researched the history of presumptive conditions for toxic 
exposures and produced a groundbreaking report. And we found 
that veterans have been forced to wait, on average, more than 
34 years after exposure before VA established presumptives for 
benefits and health care. Saying that that is too long is an 
understatement of massive proportions. Veterans have died 
waiting for justice that eludes their survivors. But if we 
continue teaming up, as we did to get the PACT Act to the 
President's desk, we can make such injustices a thing of the 
past.
    [Applause.]
    We shared our findings and recommendations last September 
in our report, ``Ending the Wait for Toxic-Exposed Veterans.'' 
And based on our findings, we call on Congress to pass 
legislation that would expand research on toxic exposures, 
launch an independent scientific review process, and establish 
a Veterans Advisory Commission. Together, we can help end the 
wait for toxic-exposed veterans.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Chairman, a fully funded VA is absolutely vital to 
ensuring ill and injured veterans receive the care and benefits 
they have earned. Underfunding or delayed funding can have dire 
consequences for veterans who rely on VA disability 
compensation or health care. It is not an exaggeration to say 
in many cases this is life or death. But efforts have been 
hampered from a law Congress passed in 2010 limiting its 
ability to increase federal spending. The underlying 
principle--that is any new laws must not increase any deficits. 
In practice, Congress must now offset new benefits by cutting 
existing ones. This arbitrary and black and white rule, known 
as pay as you go or PAYGO is dangerous, and it doesn't consider 
the needs of veterans when determining where and how tax 
dollars are spent. But unlike every other government program, 
veterans' benefits and health care have already been paid for 
through the sacrifices of those who served, period.
    [Applause.]
    And there are other drastic proposals that seek to balance 
the federal budget on the backs of those who guaranteed a free 
and prosperous Nation. This is wrong, even under the pretext of 
fiscal responsibility. Proposals include taxing VA disability 
compensations or phasing out certain unemployability benefits 
when veterans reach a retirement age. There is also suggestions 
to reduce VA disability compensation levels across the board 
for future and current veterans. There is even talk of ending 
lower disability payments altogether. As if to say your service 
and sacrifice doesn't matter if it doesn't rise to more serious 
levels. This idea is perilous, cruel, and deeply flawed. We 
hope that you will summarily dismiss this. We appreciate that.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Chairman, we must ensure that the new administration's 
promise of a Golden Age for America strengthens how we care for 
our veterans. But we are seeing organized efforts to curtail 
what veterans have earned and deserve, a VA that is laser 
focused on providing the best possible care and timely benefits 
to veterans, their families, caregivers, and survivors. To 
follow through on this promise, veterans need Congress in their 
corners as they have been in ours. In this gilded era, we must 
ensure that veterans benefits are reinforced, not clawed back. 
The Department of Veterans Affairs needs to be fully funded and 
have predictable budgets. Veterans' health care should be 
enhanced and streamlined, all while ensuring VA provides the 
right options to meet their evolving needs.
    Together, we have the chance to follow through on the 
social contract disabled veterans have earned. And we hope you 
will join us in this fight. America is counting on it. May God 
continue to bless DAV, the men and women who serve our great 
Nation, and the United States of America. Thank you.
    [Standing ovation.]

    [The prepared statement of Mr. Contreras appears on page 55 
of the Appendix.]

    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Commander Contreras, for your 
testimony. And Members, be advised that we, rather than our 
normal 5 minutes, we will have 3 minutes for the sheer number 
and we have a second panel to get to. But we do want to get to 
the questions. And I will recognize myself for 3 minutes with 
that.
    Commander, DAV supports my bill, H.R. 740, that is the 
Veterans ACCESS Act of 2025, which expands community care 
options. Can you explain what this bill would do in support of 
our veterans?
    Mr. Contreras. Thank you, Chairman Bost, that is a very 
important question and I would like to ask our Legislative 
Director, Joy Ilem, to answer that question.
    Ms. Ilem. Thank you, Commander. We appreciate the ACCESS 
Act, and I know that for a long time with community care, there 
have been a number of issues that have been, needed fixing and 
we appreciate the timeliness of that bill that has been 
introduced. We appreciate working with your staff on that. 
While we have a few provisions that we would like to see 
changed, we think overall it is a good bill. We appreciate it. 
We want to make sure that veterans, when they have to use 
community care, they have timely access to that care and 
services and especially specialized services like residential 
rehab treatment programs. Thank you.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you for that answer. Commander, next 
question is, you know I am grateful first off for the DAV. It's 
past support of my legislation that the Veterans Second 
Amendment Protection Act, which would ensure that the veterans 
with fiduciary--that need fiduciary receive the same due 
process rights as every other American before their 
Constitutional rights are taken away. Is this legislation 
something the DAV will continue to support?
    Mr. Contreras. Thank you once again, Chairman Bost. That is 
a very important question. I think you will find that DAV's 
position is we are not going to take or support any--anything 
that takes away Constitutional rights from our veteran. I think 
our National Executive Director, Randy Reese, could even go 
further into DAV's position.
    Chairman Bost. Reese.
    Mr. Reese. Thank you, Chairman Bost. Last year we 
definitely supported legislation to make sure that veterans' 
rights are not abridged and that their Constitution due process 
is also protected. We appreciate your legislation. You have us 
on board.
    Chairman Bost. I appreciate that very much. With that, I 
will now yield to Senator Moran, Chairman Moran, for his 
questions.
    Chairman Moran. Chairman Bost, thank you very much. 
Commander, great to see you in this setting and thank you for 
the conversations that we have had. The PACT Act has been a 
topic of conversation in your testimony. The PACT Act, part of 
the PACT Act, the Secretary is required to hold quarterly 
engagements with VSOs to collaborate with, partner with, and 
give weight to the advice of veterans service organizations and 
other such stakeholders. What has been the experience, your 
experience thus far with the provisions, this provision of the 
PACT Act? Could you describe whether these engagements are 
taking place and what value they provide to veterans? What type 
of insight and feedback are you able to provide the Secretary 
on behalf of your members during these engagements?
    Mr. Contreras. Thank you, Ranking Member Moran. That is a 
very insightful question and I know that our National Service 
Director, Jim Marszalek could provide great insight into that.
    Chairman Bost. Marszalek.
    Mr. Marszalek. Thank you, Commander. Yes. So, the quarterly 
updates aren't occurring, right. We do provide--the VA does 
meet with us frequently. So we are collaborating a lot, but we 
are not getting information we really need. And as you know, 
our ending the weight report that we published 34.1 years on 
average from the time a veteran is exposed to a time of 
presumption is actually established. It is very concerning. It 
is way too long. So, we got to do better. And part of the PACT 
Act required to study to begin on Fort McClellan and those 
exposures and what residual disabilities can be attributed to 
those exposures. That study started 30 months ago, and we still 
don't have any updates to what is occurring. So, VA does got to 
provide more regular updates with more information and be more 
inclusive in these studies when we are talking about 
establishing----
    Chairman Moran. In addition to providing information, the 
goal of that provision is for you to provide information to 
them as to how they can better implement the act and care for 
more veterans. True?
    Mr. Marszalek. Absolutely, sir.
    Chairman Moran. I appreciate it. Although I am disappointed 
by your answer, I appreciate your frankness. And we will work 
to see that the VA is doing what the law requires. This thing 
of passing legislation is hugely important, but if it is not 
implemented to its fullest extent, we are really missing out on 
the benefits that we provide. Commander Contreras, what 
specific strategies can be implemented to close the gaps in 
mental health care for veterans?
    Mr. Contreras. Well, I thank you, again, for your question, 
Ranking Member Moran. I believe DAV's position is that there 
should be a comprehensive review on how we can do things, not 
just one way. And I would say that our Legislative Director, 
Joy Ilem, could definitely give you some insight.
    Chairman Moran. Ms. Ilem.
    Ms. Ilem. Thank you, Chairman Moran. VA does a great job on 
mental health services, providing mental health services to 
veterans, but there is always room for improvement. One program 
that we think is an excellent program and initiative is their 
firearm safety counseling. We know that so many veterans who do 
take their lives unfortunately do so using a firearm. It is 
like 72, 73 percent. We have to make sure that those veterans 
feel comfortable being able to talk to their provider and get 
the access to the counseling that they need to put that time 
and distance between them and that firearm during a period of 
crisis. And I think that is one initiative that we can really, 
VA, can continue to build on.
    Chairman Moran. Thank you for highlighting that program. 
Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Senator. Ranking Member Takano, 
you are now recognized.
    Mr. Takano. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. You were a bit 
distracted when Senator Blumenthal asked for the VFW calls on 
administration Congress to stop indiscriminate firing of 
veterans' statement. Can we have unanimous consent to have it 
entered?
    Chairman Bost. Without objection, so approved.

    [The statement referred to appears on page 213 of the 
Appendix.]

    Mr. Takano. Thank you. Commander Contreras, did you see the 
VFW statement last night related to the Trump administration's 
indiscriminate firing of veterans? Have you seen this 
statement? Are you aware of it?
    Mr. Contreras. Thank you, Ranking Member Takano. We have 
seen that.
    Mr. Takano. Thank you. Do you agree that the indiscriminate 
firing of thousands of veterans from the federal workforce is 
troubling?
    Mr. Contreras. DAV is highly concerned with what is going 
on with VA, because we know that that is going to take away the 
expedition of being able to accomplish so many things, not only 
in health care, but on claims processing. I would like to ask 
our Executive Director, Randy Reese, to respond further.
    Mr. Takano. Well, if you mind, I just want to get through 
some of these questions.
    Mr. Contreras. Okay. Absolutely.
    Mr. Takano. Do you agree that the termination of thousands 
of federal employees, including thousands of veterans who are 
continuing to serve our great Nation after taking off the 
uniform, means that American taxpayers are losing technical 
expertise, training, and security clearances that we already 
bought and paid for? That, maybe Mr. Reese can elaborate.
    Mr. Contreras. Most definitely.
    Mr. Reese. Thank you, Ranking Member Takano. We view the 
series of actions from return to work, hiring freeze, delayed 
resignation, probationary employee terminations, all is just 
unprofessional acts. That is not how you treat people. You 
don't treat your own staff that way. These are not widgets. 
These are human beings. That has got to end--that has got to 
end.
    Mr. Takano. Well, thank you. Mr. Contreras, do you--does 
DAV intend to issue its own statement related to this 
destruction of the federal workforce?
    Mr. Contreras. Can you repeat that question?
    Mr. Takano. Do you all intend to issue your own statement 
regarding the destruction of the federal workforce through 
these firings?
    Mr. Contreras. We are actively working on our own 
statement.
    Mr. Takano. Thank you. This, you know, to my knowledge, 
over 2 million claims under the PACT Act alone, not including 
regular claims, have been processed. And that is because there 
was a surge in hiring at the VBA made possible by the PACT Act. 
I can't name the thousands of claims process that were hired. 
But you are aware that VA told Congress that at the VHA that we 
are short on understaffed by 40,000 employees. Does that seem 
right to you, that number? Joy?
    Ms. Ilem. Yes, that is what we hear. And you know, just in 
terms of providing, the demand is higher for services. We have 
had the expansion with the PACT Act of veterans coming in. So 
absolutely there is still, we have staffing shortages that have 
been noted by the Inspector General.
    Mr. Takano. So, the PACT Act made 3.5 million veterans, 
theoretically, eligible for benefits. In just two years, two 
million claims have been processed, made possible by the surge 
in hiring at VA. Now, that they are cutting, VA still tells us 
that more veterans have been made eligible, but that we are 
still short 40,000 hiring, 40,000 employees at the VHA to serve 
those veterans' health care. I fail to see any rhyme or reason 
to these firings. And I want to work with the VA to make sure 
that we hold--well, want to work with the DAV to make sure that 
we hold VA accountable and Congress accountable to make sure 
veterans are served. I yield back.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Ranking Member. Senator King, you 
are recognized. 3 minutes.

                    HON. ANGUS S. KING, JR.,
                    U.S. SENATOR FROM MAINE

    Senator King. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I would call to the 
attention of the DAV a very troubling paragraph in something 
called Project 2025, which I suspect you have heard of, which 
seems to be the template for this administration's approach. 
Here is the sentence that I hope you will attend to. ``The next 
administration should explore how veterans' reviews should be 
accelerated with clearance from OMB to target significant, 
significant cost savings from revising disability rating awards 
for future claimants.'' And listen to this. ``While preserving 
them fully or partially for existing claimants.'' Mr. Leader, 
how do you feel about that idea?
    Mr. Contreras. Well, anything that is going to take--
Senator King, apologize. Anything that is going to take away 
from veterans' benefits, we do not support that. We are aware 
of Project 2025's initiatives, not only to reduce category 7 
and 8, also to tax veterans' benefits, or to look at 
unemployment benefits as far as at Social Security age. So, I 
would say that we would not be in, in favor of that. And there 
is one of our critical policy goals and it outlines that we 
need to protect those benefits. And there is, there will be 
great opposition to that. And we had the Secretary visit our 
mid-year conference recently and he stated, and we are going to 
hold him to it, that he is putting veterans first. That would 
not be putting veterans first.
    Senator King. I appreciate that. We have been talking a lot 
about the layoffs. In fact, combining the hiring freeze and 
normal attrition with the recent layoffs, we are really down 
about 5,000 people at the VA in the last month. Now, the 
Secretary, when he released his statement last night said, in 
fact, veterans are going to notice a change for the better. My 
question to you and to the veterans is tell us if that is what 
you notice? The power is with the veterans, and you need to use 
your voice. It is hard for me to believe that these cuts which 
have been made in the last 20 days, as near as I can tell, 
pretty indiscriminately, are going to change things for the 
better for the veterans. And by the way, talking about 
bureaucracy, in my view, the person that answers the phone can 
be as important as the person that delivers the care.
    [Applause.]
    If a veteran calls for a health care appointment and there 
is no one there to answer the phone, that is a denial of 
benefits, just as sure as if they can't see the doctor. So, I 
hope that the people in this room will hold us accountable and 
thereby the Agency, the Department, the new Secretary to truly 
putting veterans first. That is an easy phrase to say, but I 
look at what is actually being done. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, 
for the work you have done.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Senator. Representative 
Radewagen, you are recognized for 3 minutes.

              HON. AUMUA AMATA COLEMAN RADEWAGEN,
            U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM AMERICAN SAMOA

    Ms. Radewagen. Thank you. I want to thank the panel for 
appearing today. Thank the Chairman and Ranking Members. And 
thank you for your sacrifice and service to our Nation. 
Commander Contreras, what are some of the challenges veterans 
face when accessing mental health care at VA? And what role do 
VSOs play in connecting veterans with mental health resources?
    Mr. Contreras. Representative, thank you very much for that 
question. It is something that, of course, mental health is a 
critical issue, not only from suicide prevention and other 
aspects and alternatives, but I would like to ask our 
Legislative Director, Joy Ilem, to elaborate further.
    Ms. Ilem. I would just add to that the timeliness is of 
this is essential in terms of mental health services. VA 
provides great services, wraparound, all types of options of 
mental health services, from the crisis line to the vet centers 
to inpatient care. But those specialized services are really 
critical to those who are struggling with PTSD and chronic 
conditions like substance use disorder. And veterans are 
telling us they want to get those services. The demand for them 
is increasing and we need to make sure that we break away those 
barriers to accessing those services.
    Ms. Radewagen. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I yield 
back the balance of my time.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Representative. Senator Tillis, 
you are now recognized for 3 minutes.

                       HON. THOM TILLIS,
                U.S. SENATOR FROM NORTH CAROLINA

    Senator Tillis. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you all for 
being here. I have to ask the obligatory question. How many 
people are either from North Carolina or spent some time at one 
of our bases? [Applause.] Well, thank you all. Come back and 
visit.
    I have a quick question. I know, I think it is on page, 
begins on page 17. Some of the things that you all would like 
to consider as enhancements to the PACT Act to make it work. I 
think many of you probably know I voted against the PACT Act, 
but it wasn't for a lack of being a material contributor to it, 
the TEAM Act and the Camp Lejeune toxins language alone. But I 
was worried about the implementation. Now, so, when you answer, 
if you can answer and use the balance of my time, one, I still 
see headwinds on funding. We saw the $3 billion shortfall 
before, and I see more. I see also headwinds on wait times. 
These are all things that I anticipated that hopefully we were 
going to fix before we got passed; didn't happen. So, if you 
could answer that, and I would also like to know, I get the 
narrative about the job elimination. So, I particularly have a 
problem with somebody who is not in the VA suggesting job cuts. 
But now we have Secretary Collins there and I have a lot of 
respect for him. He is an even keel person. He got bipartisan 
support. I think he is going to be a good leader. But if y'all 
can speak, people are talking about gross numbers in an 
organization that has tens of thousands of employees. So if you 
can point to any eliminations that you are aware of today that 
you think are mission-critical to veterans, I would like to 
know that. I don't have that information. I don't know if you 
do yet, but I have requested that. So, tell me a little bit 
about the eliminations. Whether or not you believe they are in 
mission, you have evidence that they are in mission-critical 
operations. And give me some suggestions on homework for how we 
get the PACT Act to where I hoped it was when we passed it--
when we should have passed it, I should say. And I assume that 
is Mr. Reese.
    Mr. Reese. Thank you, Senator.
    Senator Tillis.That was a long-winded question [Laughter].
    Mr. Reese. Well, in the big picture there are lots of our 
members bringing to our attention that they are leaving the 
workforce from all the different methodologies that have been 
put out there, from return to work, they leave, hiring freeze, 
they leave, delayed, they leave. And now, with this 
probationary period, probably the most concerning to us is we 
would rather have disabled veterans and their spouses 
unemployed than working at the U.S. Department of Veterans 
Affairs. I mean, that is a sad thing to say.
    Senator Tillis. I agree.
    Mr. Reese. That is happening.
    Senator Tillis. I agree with that. But I want to, I am a 
very boring management consultant, fact-based sort of guy. So, 
if you all could provide me with specific instances of mission-
critical jobs or that situation that you gave me, clearly, 
there is no Republican that is going to be any more comfortable 
with that than a Democrat. But if we can get that information 
on exactly how some of these terminations have affected service 
levels or a threat to wait times, that is very important 
information for the Secretary to have, because I will guarantee 
you, he wants those service levels to be the best they ever 
were. Thank you all for your service. God bless you. Come back 
to North Carolina soon.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Senator. Congressman Pappas, you 
are recognized for 3 minutes.

                       HON. CHRIS PAPPAS,
             U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM NEW HAMPSHIRE

    Mr. Pappas. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. I want to 
welcome all the veterans here today. I thank you, Commander, 
for your testimony. I had a great meeting with New Hampshire 
DAV folks last night in my office. So, I want to thank all the 
veterans from the ``Live Free or Die'' State who are joining us 
here today. Those conversations are so important because we 
can't just simply count on VA or Congress to get it right. We 
need the veteran input and feedback along the way. So we look 
forward to future conversations and continuing to shape an 
agenda that is going to make things better for America's 
veterans.
    I wanted to bring up a piece of legislation that I think is 
critically important. It is a bill that I am going to 
reintroduce this Congress called the GUARD VA Benefits Act, 
which would reinstate criminal penalties for unaccredited 
claims representatives or claim sharks who charge unauthorized 
fees for assisting [Cheering]. So you have heard of these guys? 
[Laughter.] They charge unauthorized fees for assisting 
veterans with VA claims. So, I want to applaud DAV's VA 
accredited representatives, the only individuals who are 
authorized to prepare, present, or prosecute VA claims under 
strict regulatory and ethical standards. In contrast, these 
unaccredited representatives operate without such oversight, 
often engaging in predatory practices and prey on veterans. It 
is disgraceful.
    So VA, in its limited ability, can't enforce the law 
because of the explicit criminal penalties were stripped from 
the law decades ago. We have come across a lot of dubious 
arguments about my legislation, but I would love to hear from 
the veteran perspective about the GUARD VA Benefits Act and the 
need to take on these claim sharks. Commander.
    Mr. Contreras. Thank you, Representative. That is certainly 
a critical issue with us, especially when not only DAV 
provides, at a national level, free services. We have our 
department service officers, our chapter service officers. I 
came from the world of being a service officer and I know DAV 
is prepared to help in that claims process in any way possible. 
So, we are looking at these predatory actors as really, one, 
not being competent. But also, you are hearing where for a 10 
percent claim, veterans are paying $30,000. That is ridiculous. 
So we are asking that there becomes more of a process of being 
able to be accredited with VA and not being able to have access 
to our veterans, their claims or information, and also list who 
is available. We are available and we can handle it. I know 
there has been talk that there are so many claims that are 
going on, but we don't rest on our laurels. We help that one 
veteran and move on to the next one. And that is what we 
believe we can do and get rid of these predatory actors.
    Mr. Pappas. Well, thank you, Commander, for that 
commitment, for the work that DAV does each and every day. It 
makes a difference. We want to continue to hear from you as we 
do our work here in Congress. I yield back.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you. General Bergman, you are 
recognized for 3 minutes.

                       HON. JACK BERGMAN,
               U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM MICHIGAN

    Mr. Bergman. Thank you. Thanks for all of our witnesses for 
being here. Any Michiganders in the crowd? [Hand claps.] All 
right. Any Yoopers?
    Voices. Yes.
    Mr. Bergman. Oh, there has got to be one everywhere. We are 
required to have one. All right, well, very good. You know, I 
am looking forward to working with all of you, continuing. As a 
fellow veteran and served all over the world, I have seen the 
good, the bad, and the ugly of human behavior. But we are a 
free country because our veterans step up and do what we need 
to do to guarantee that we have freedom. So, let us get to the 
business here.
    Commander Contreras, last Congress DAV endorsed legislation 
that I introduced along with Congresswoman Brownley, the 
Veterans Spinal Trauma Access to New Devices or Veterans STAND 
Act. As you might remember, the bill would codify the VA's 
obligation to offer annual examinations for spinal cord injured 
and disabled or SCI/D veterans. Take steps to improve the 
outreach for those who are eligible. Ensure paralyzed veterans 
are able to be assessed and provided with these assistive 
devices. Could you please describe the benefits, if you will, 
of preventative health screenings, so preventative health 
screenings like those provided by the SCI for the SCI/D 
veterans.
    Mr. Contreras. Thank you, General. We appreciate that 
important question. To fully address the specifics, I am going 
to ask our Legislative Director, Joy Ilem, to respond.
    Ms. Ilem. Great bill. And we appreciate that. And we 
support making sure that veterans, especially those who have 
catastrophic injuries, spinal cord injuries--have the access to 
all of the services that they need, and new and innovative 
technologies that are coming forward, and those preventative, 
you know, appointments to make sure that they have access to 
know what might be an option best for them, are critical. And 
so we are--we appreciate those provisions being included in the 
bill.
    Mr. Bergman. Thank you. And you know, we all know that 
there are challenges for the disabled veterans to, when they 
are seeking the--to get, if you will, qualified for and 
assessed for. So, we have to really understand that new 
technology appears every day and we have to be realistic about 
how we advance new technologies to better provide those, you 
know, assisted services for the veterans.
    Another quick--I see we got about a half a minute left. But 
Commander Contreras, I see that DAV supports legislation 
directing the VA to research and make available effective 
psychedelic compounds for treating mental health conditions and 
traumatic brain injury. For those of you who may not be aware, 
I am the co-chair of the PATH Caucus, Psychedelics Advancing 
Therapies, along with my dear friend and colleague Lou Correa 
from California. Any thoughts or comments on what do you think 
the VA role should play in advancing the promising field in 
that area of medicine through research or whatever?
    Mr. Contreras. Thank you once again, General, for that 
question. I can say that DAV's position is certainly that we 
should look at alternatives. As I addressed earlier that my 
wife Teresa is going through her challenges and so obviously 
there needs to be some alternative choices. So, psilocybin is 
one of them that that is being introduced with her. But I will 
let our Legislative Director----
    Mr. Bergman. I see I am over my time, so.
    Mr. Contreras. Oh, I am sorry.
    Mr. Bergman. Make it quick.
    Mr. Contreras. I appreciate it.
    Mr. Bergman. No, that is okay. Whoever you are going to 
just, but the answer----
    Ms. Ilem. We----
    Mr. Bergman. Let us do more research at the VA?
    Ms. Ilem. Yes. We want to make sure the research is 
available and that VA can expedite that to the field as soon 
as, you know, as long as it is efficacious and it can benefit 
veterans.
    Mr. Bergman. Yes. We should not discount anything just 
because we don't understand it. That is how we get better. Seek 
to understand before trying to be understood, I think, as 
Stephen Covey said. With that I yield back.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Bost. Thank you, General. Representative 
Cherfilus-McCormick, you are now recognized for 3 minutes.

                HON. SHEILA CHERFILUS-MCCORMICK,
                U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM FLORIDA

    Mrs. Cherfilus-McCormick. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And 
thank you also to all our witnesses and DAV. And thank you to 
all of our Florida veterans who are here. I see you in the 
crowd, yes.
    I have real concerns. I feel like we keep focusing on some 
of the cuts that are being made in the firing, but we have to 
look at the cumulative effect. And I proffer that any of the 
cuts that are being suggested that can actually harm our 
veterans should be completely off the table right now. We have 
a contract to our veterans, and we cannot compromise them by 
one of our veterans being hurt.
    One of the areas that I also want to look at, as I have a 
short amount of time, is focusing on our veterans access to 
long-term care. Long-term care has allowed our veterans to stay 
in their homes and in their communities with respect and 
dignity and with their families. We have a real responsibility 
to protect our veterans. And so, I wanted to talk about the 
Homemaker and Home Health Aide Care program administered by the 
VA and, and how it helps our veterans sustain themselves and 
their families. However, the program is limited to the number 
of veterans who have the service, which doesn't allow all of 
our veterans to live with dignity in their homes when they get 
sick.
    Ms. Ilem, how have your members benefited from the 
Homemakers and Health Care--Home Health Care Act Program?
    Mr. Contreras. Thank you, Representative. That is a 
question that touches on one of our critical policy goals. I am 
going to ask our Legislative Director, Joy Ilem, to address 
that.
    Ms. Ilem. Long-term care options for veterans, a wide 
variety are absolutely essential from that Home Health Aide and 
Homemaker services all the way through community living 
centers. But we have also, in our critical policy goal, asked 
for more assisted living options to again, that might, you 
know, benefit younger veterans who want to be able to live 
independently but still need some help. So, those home health 
services are absolutely essential all the way through, you 
know, to meet the unique needs of each veteran.
    Mrs. Cherfilus-McCormick. One of the largest payers for 
long-term care services is actually Medicaid. In fact, 9.4 
veterans rely on Medicaid and there is a proposed budget to 
actually start cutting Medicaid. These are the compounded event 
effects that we are talking about. And so, I also wanted to 
know how could cuts to Medicaid affect DAV members?
    Ms. Ilem. Certainly, services that are outside that, where, 
you know, a program goes away, can certainly put more stress on 
the VA veterans. More veterans may need to utilize their VA 
services. So, we are always looking at, you know, the impact 
of, I know there is some talk again about Medicare suspension, 
issues--veterans that are Medicare age, and also those that 
perhaps are on Medicaid. So, all of those, if a program goes 
away, veterans still need care. So, they are going to probably 
turn to VA in many cases for that care.
    Mrs. Cherfilus-McCormick. Thank you so much. I just wanted 
to stress before my time is over that any cuts that will affect 
one of our veterans should be off of the table. We have a 
project, a promise to each and every one of our veterans and we 
must stand by that, and we must look at the cumulative effect. 
When we look at the cumulative effect, right now, we are 
looking at tens and thousands of people who have been fired, 
who are being denied of Medicaid, who will now be sitting there 
by themselves trying to provide for themselves. And that is not 
what our country is made for. Thank you. I yield back.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Bost. Congressman Luttrell.

                     HON. MORGAN LUTTRELL,
                 U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM TEXAS

    Mr. Luttrell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And since everybody 
else is throwing a shout-out to their state, where are my 
Texans at in the room?
    Voices. Woo.
    Mr. Luttrell. All right. There you go. You know, luckily 
for you guys, there is not that many of us, because we have a 
tendency to tear things up. So, if you guys go out drinking 
tonight and get in trouble, call me. [Laughter.] I won't join 
you, but maybe I can call somebody. [Laughter.] And do I have 
any Army Rangers? Are there any Army Rangers in, in the 
audience?
    Voices. Woo.
    Mr. Luttrell. That is tragic. I mean, I, it is just in my 
bones and I just cannot. I mean, me and Army Rangers just 
don't--do not get along at all. I mean, y'all's existence 
bothers me. I say that. And the reason I do say that is because 
I have an identical twin brother who was rescued by Army 
Rangers. So, I am indebted to you guys for the rest of my life. 
But, so this is me saying thank you. Just don't repeat this on 
social media. And I am sure nobody in here is paying attention 
to what I am saying anyway.
    [Laughter.]
    Mr. Contreras, I don't have anything for you, sir. So you 
are not going to be able to pass the football on me. I am going 
to go straight to Mr. Marszalek, here. Your statements earlier 
today, and you are engaging with the VA and it seems to be as 
if you are kind of hitting a brick wall, and there is no 
responsiveness from the VA. This is the tricky part. So, the VA 
is this big machine. It is this big, glorious machine that we 
lean on as veterans quite a bit. And it is kind of, I love to 
wire brush the VA more than anybody. I do. It is like, I hate 
doing it, but it is absolutely necessary. And I am going to 
provide you some guidance to help out the Members of Congress 
and the Senate. So, when you come to us with this problem set, 
the first thing that when you walk into my office is I am going 
to say, who are you talking to? Like, I need a name. I need a 
timeframe and a window that you are engaging with the VA so I 
can personally, or we can personally with the Chairman and the 
Committee, staff, subcommittee can engage with that particular 
individual directly so it didn't get tossed into the abyss and 
nobody is responsive. Because right now, you are just, you are 
fighting. You are pushing a wet noodle up a hill. I mean, I 
hate to say it, but it is just the absolute truth. So when the 
organization is engaging with, do that for us so we can stand 
alongside you shoulder to shoulder, you know, one team, one 
dream. Right? That kind of thing. All that kind of stuff. And I 
just wanted you to hear me say that to you.
    So moving forward, as we come out of this, we are moving 
into the next phase of VA leadership with Mr. Collins in the 
direction that he is going to take VA. We can provide guidance 
to him at our level. And then you come up, up and into the 
organization, and we are sitting on this up top and coming 
down, and we meet in the middle, and the veterans are the ones 
that, you know, glory be to God, we increase our quality of 
life. Yep. Is that a good enough deal for you?
    Mr. Marszalek. Absolutely.
    Mr. Luttrell. Okay. Don't take that personal, Mr. 
Contreras, I just, that is who I wanted to go to. Mr. Easley, 
do you have anything you want to add? You are not going to come 
all the way up to Washington, DC, sit in front of a couple 
hundred people and not say anything. So, I am going to throw 
you something.
    [Laughter.]
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Easley. Thank you, Congressman.
    Mr. Luttrell. Yes. You are welcome, buddy. You look lonely 
down--look, I am down here on the end, too. They can't see us. 
I am just saying.
    Mr. Easley. No, I just want to say, as the National 
Commander of the Disabled American Veterans Auxiliary, the 
family side of the organization, we support our veterans. I 
support my best friend here, Dan Contreras. And, you know, I 
just, I hold my auxiliary members accountable to educate 
members like yourself at their state level and at the local 
level, and the needs of our injured, ill, disabled veterans and 
their families.
    Mr. Luttrell. Sure. We need that, too. Make no mistake 
about it. Catch us on the road, catch us on the street, in a 
restaurant, at a red light. You are the knowledge base that 
provides information that gives Congress the ability to do our 
job, and that is legislate. Okay? Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I 
yield back.
    Chairman Bost. Representative McGarvey.

                     HON. MORGAN MCGARVEY,
               U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM KENTUCKY

    Mr. McGarvey. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. That is a tough act 
to follow. [Laughter.] Appreciate that, Morgan. I am the other 
Morgan on the Committee, so. But I guess if you guys do go out 
tonight, Morgan and Morgan will come get you. [Laughter.] I am 
from Kentucky, though, so I just recommend bourbon be your 
beverage of choice.
    [Laughter.]
    Appreciate everybody being here today. Thank you. Thank 
each and every one of you for your service. Each and every one 
of you put on a uniform. Were willing to sacrifice everything 
to serve us. That is a debt for which we can never adequately 
repay you. What we certainly can't do is take away the services 
you have earned that we are already not doing a good enough job 
providing. And last night, when the administration announces 
the indiscriminate firing of 1400 workers at the VA, I was glad 
to see that the VFW stood up and spoke against it. You all have 
always answered the call for service, and so I hate to ask you 
to stand up again, but we must do everything we can to protect 
our veterans. That includes making sure that the people are in 
place so that you get, again, not the services we are giving 
you, the services you have earned, and that we are doing that 
in the right manner.
    I do want to talk briefly about, Mr. Contreras, a bill I 
put forward called the INNOVATE Act. I think that one thing the 
VA can do is do a better job of incentivizing innovation. We 
have so many great people come through the VA, but we don't 
have that right incentive to innovate. When they do innovate, 
they can do cool things. There was a pilot last year, the 
technology enabled respite home care model pilot. It allowed to 
have a find a home caregiver temporarily and the caregiver to 
pay a substitute at a higher wage than the average home care 
provider's 96 percent veteran satisfaction score and a lower 
cost to the VA.
    Mr. Contreras, just briefly in the time we have left, would 
you talk about the areas of healthcare your members are most 
concerned about, where they have expressed needs that they have 
and where innovation could require an interesting approach?
    Mr. Contreras. Well, since you have limited time, 
Representative, I will go ahead and pass that on to Joy.
    Ms. Ilem. Innovation is key. One of the things VA does very 
well is in best practices and looking at how the delivery of 
care and benefits can be improved to veterans, and that is 
essential to keep looking at that. Mental health is one of the 
key areas. Suicide prevention is on everyone's mind in the 
veteran community, and I know Congress. So there are 
opportunities, again, to look at that through that innovative 
office, Office of Innovation, to make sure that they can 
utilize all of the resources they have and the best minds that 
are out there with new ideas to prevent suicide.
    Mr. McGarvey. Thank you so much. Know we have got your 
back. We will stand up for you, too. And I yield back.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you. Representative Hamadeh.

                       HON. ABE HAMADEH,
                U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM ARIZONA

    Mr. Hamadeh. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And thank you for 
focusing this Committee on putting the veterans first and not 
protecting the bureaucracy. And I want to thank every single 
one of you. As a veteran myself, I am so proud to see so many 
veterans supporting each other. It is a really good sense of 
community. We all put that uniform on with the American flag on 
our shoulder sleeve. Didn't matter what race, religion, or what 
your social status in life was, we all put on that uniform. And 
for that, I thank you and our entire country owes a debt to all 
of you.
    [Applause.]
    Now, Commander, President Trump's MISSION Act was, you 
know, really put the veterans in charge of their own healthcare 
decisions. Yet today we are still seeing bureaucratic 
roadblocks that are getting in the way to prevent timely access 
to mental health services. What specific changes would ensure 
veterans can immediately access mental health care in their 
communities without the VA's red tape?
    Mr. Contreras. Representative, certainly DAV is focused on 
making sure every part of the MISSION Act is implemented. Our 
Legislative Director, Joy Ilem, will give you greater insight 
to DAV's position.
    Ms. Ilem. I think there are a number of provisions that are 
in the ACCESS Act that are positive and can try to overcome 
bureaucratic delays. And definitely within the community care 
program, we have heard from members, our members. You know, 
when you do have to access care in the community, one of the 
biggest delays is trying to get first connected with the Office 
of Community Care. And so, you know, that will be essential to 
try to do that and to have the providers available that can 
help forward these referrals, make sure that veterans get the 
care when and where they need it.
    Mr. Hamadeh. Yes, we heard tragically in some other 
committee hearings about loss of life. And we need to get 
better at this because it doesn't matter where you are getting 
help at the VA or a community care, it is all about putting the 
veterans first and ensuring their needs are being met. But 
would permanently codifying access standards help prevent the 
VA administrators from making arbitrary denials that put 
veterans' health at risk?
    Ms. Ilem. I would just note the access standards are 
reasonable. However, they can always be better. You know, we 
want VA to improve access to services. And I think those, some 
of those details and trying to look at where the holdup is, is 
really where we need to target targeted solutions to, you know, 
overcome those issues.
    Mr. Hamadeh. Thank you. Chairman, I yield back.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you. Representative Budzinski, you are 
recognized for 3 minutes.

                     HON. NIKKI BUDZINSKI,
               U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM ILLINOIS

    Ms. Budzinski. Thank you, Chairman. Thank you to the 
Ranking Member, Ranking Member Takano. It is also great to be 
with Chairman Moran and Ranking Member Blumenthal for hosting 
this hearing today. It is wonderful to be in a room with so 
many veterans and I too want to extend my deepest gratitude for 
your service to our country. Thank you very much.
    It is crucial that we always listen to what our VSOs have 
to say. And I think that is especially important today in light 
of the extreme uncertainty and actions we have with witnessed 
in these last two months.
    There is a lot to touch on, but I only have a few minutes 
and would like to focus specifically on our women veterans. 
[Applause.] Thank you. The VA, as you know, is a national 
leader in academic research, health research--providing 
groundbreaking work on advancements in medical treatments, 
technology and training our health workforce. And just as 
important, have been the breakthroughs in the unique care 
required for our women veterans. One of the actions that we 
have seen taken by the Trump administration, including within 
NIH and the VA, is the targeting of research grants that 
includes certain so-called ``trigger words.'' One of these 
words is the word ``women.'' As DAV and many of us here know, 
research on women is already considered underfunded. And now, 
this administration is taking actions to curtail the little yet 
incredibly important research being conducted specifically for 
women's health care.
    I am very concerned about how these sweeping attacks on 
this research will impact women veterans. I recently spoke with 
members of my own Women Veterans Council at home, including a 
council member working at the St. Louis VA who expressed 
serious concerns that women veterans might lose access to 
essential gender-specific care. One of the things we can all 
agree on is that women veterans face distinct challenges both 
during their military service and afterwards.
    If you don't mind, it is wonderful to have you here, 
National Commander Contreras. If you don't mind, I will go to 
Ms. Ilem. It is great to see you again. I know the DAV has a 
focus on women veterans and has been a leader in advancing the 
work being done to improve care for them. I have enjoyed 
partnering with the DAV on these issues and am looking forward 
to continuing that fight. But Ms. Ilem, how could banning or 
restricting the use of certain terminology such as the word 
women in VA-sponsored research affect our understanding of 
health impacts and conditions unique to our women veterans?
    Ms. Ilem. Thank you for that great question and certainly 
that would be extremely disappointing because VA really has 
been a leader in women's health research. No one else in the 
world is doing the research that VA has done over the last, you 
know, especially the last 10 years, looking at wartime related 
service and all of the impact of military service on our women 
veterans.
    Our reports, our three reports that we have done, the 
latest one, Our ``Journey to Mental Wellness,'' was all focused 
on VA research efforts. And we hope that there will be 
reasonableness and meaning, you know, mindfulness when looking 
at that, because that would be a real detriment to our women 
veterans and the step forward and the progress that has been 
made in providing VA services which every veteran should have 
access to, including our women veterans. But they do remain a 
minority, a statistical minority within the VA. We can't let 
that slip. So thank you for your attention to that and we stand 
ready to work with you.
    Ms. Budzinski. Thank you. I look forward to working with 
the DAV on this and encourage, again, all of our veterans to 
speak out on these very important issues. So, thank you very 
much. I yield back.
    Chairman Bost. Representative King-Hinds, you are 
recognized for 3 minutes.

                   HON. KIMBERLYN KING-HINDS,
       U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS

    Ms. King-Hinds. Half a day. Good morning. I am from the 
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, 8,000 miles away 
from here. I want to first of all start by saying thank you 
very much for your service. And to the VSO, thank you for your 
fierce advocacy for our veterans. Si Yu'us Ma'ase.
    I wanted to go back to the previous conversation with 
regards to long-care support for our veterans. Right. So, what 
I am seeing in my district is that families are basically 
having to choose between taking care of their veterans or 
having a job. So folks are literally quitting their jobs to be 
able to provide that long-term care. And I know that this is a 
challenge that is very different in rural communities, in 
comparison to, you know, more urban centers. And so, I wanted 
to kind of hear what your thoughts were with regards to policy 
specific to remote rural communities.
    Mr. Contreras. Thank you, Representative, for that 
question. Looking at telemedicine as certainly an option, but 
as far as community care, as long as it provides the same 
quality care that it would in an in-house facility. I am going 
to have Joy, our Legislative Director, further elaborate on 
that.
    Ms. Ilem. Thank you. Great question. I think long-term care 
is on all of our minds. We have a really significantly aging 
veteran population of 65, 75, and 85 years and older. All of us 
will need long-term care, especially service disabled veterans, 
earlier than, usual, the general population. Those veterans 
living in rural and remote areas such as yourself really 
struggle with that access to care. And we are really asking the 
Committee to work on long-term care services and options for 
veterans, to start now to really make this a focus, as well as 
the VA for the near future because it is right around the 
corner where everybody is going to be, you know, really, really 
needing these services to a greater extent.
    Ms. King-Hinds. Thank you. Looking forward to having this 
continued conversation. I yield back my time.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you. Representative Morrison, you are 
recognized for 3 minutes.

                      HON. KELLY MORRISON,
               U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM MINNESOTA

    Dr. Morrison. Thank you, Mr. Chair. I have to begin by 
echoing my colleagues grave concerns with the recent mass 
firing of VA employees. After laying off a thousand employees 
two weeks ago, we found out last night that another 1400 more 
public service were--servants were inexplicably let go. I am 
very fearful that these actions threaten the well-being of our 
veterans in Minnesota. And I would urge Secretary Collins and 
the Trump administration to reconsider and to carefully 
consider the impact these decisions will have on veterans' 
access to care and benefits.
    Mr. Contreras, I want to thank you and your colleagues for 
your service and for being here today to testify. I had the 
pleasure of meeting with a group of women veterans from DAV of 
Minnesota yesterday, many if not all of whom are here today. I 
want to thank them, again, for traveling here to Washington and 
for taking the time to share their stories with me. According 
to the VA, women are the fastest growing group in the veteran 
population. And as an OB-GYN, a women's health provider myself, 
it is a top priority of mine to make sure the VA is equipped to 
care for women after their service to our country.
    So, Mr. Contreras or Ms. Ilem, I would like to begin by 
asking you to expand a little bit on your testimony. How do you 
think VA can rethink its suicide risk model and mental health 
care services to account for risk factors that 
disproportionately affect women, like intimate partner violence 
and military sexual trauma?
    Ms. Ilem. Thank you. Obviously, you have been reading our 
report, and we really appreciate that. That was one of the 
things that we identified early on, and we really wanted to 
highlight. We know that 1-in-3 women experienced military 
sexual trauma. Not that it is just, it also affects our male 
veterans, but we know for a higher percentage within our women 
veteran population. Women veterans deserve to be able to get 
the care, the specialized services and care that they need in 
VA. And VA has worked hard to really increase the providers 
that serve our women veterans to make sure specialists like 
yourself, they have access to them. Because much of the care 
for, you know, women, especially maternity care, is all 
throughout in the community, and so their care can easily be 
fragmented. So, we want to make sure that we are really paying 
attention to those issues and really work on them. And we look 
forward, our staff does, to working with you in the future.
    Dr. Morrison. Thank you. If I may just briefly follow up. 
You know, as the population of women veterans continues to 
grow, I think we need to be thinking about how we can expand VA 
provider workforce for women's health care so we can cut down 
on wait times for necessary procedures like mammograms and 
hysterectomies. How would you assess VA's current capability to 
provide these types of procedures and what should VA be doing 
to improve in this area?
    Ms. Ilem. VA has really tried to increase their workforce, 
but we always need Congress to provide oversight and attention 
on that issue. Especially women living in rural communities, VA 
is doing some very specific programming to bring women 
provider, you know, training providers in those rural areas. 
But we know we don't have enough providers for women throughout 
the country and at all locations that are needed. And that 
population is really growing. The last I heard was about 
900,000 enrolled, which is another big leap. So, more and more 
women are getting the word that VA is the place to come for 
care. You are going to get the specialized services that you 
need. Now, we need to make sure those providers are there and 
they can get timely, quality care wherever they live, in the 
community, wherever they live.
    Dr. Morrison. Thank you, so much. My time has expired. But 
before I yield my time, I just, as the wife of an Army combat 
veteran and a proud American, I want to thank every single 
veteran in this room for your service to our country.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Bost. Thank you. Dr. Miller-Meeks, you are 
recognized for 3 minutes.

                 HON. MARIANNETTE MILLER-MEEKS,
                 U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM IOWA

    Dr. Miller-Meeks. Thank you very much, Chair Bost. And I 
don't think Brad Whitmore from Iowa is in the audience today, 
but I do want to shout-out to the over 41,000 veterans we have 
in my congressional district. And I say that having a maternal 
grandfather who was in the Army, my maternal uncle was in the 
Navy, my father was Air Force. Six of the eight kids in our 
family served in the military, one in the Marine, one in the 
Air Force, the rest in the Army. The only branches of service 
my family has not served in is the Coast Guard and the Space 
Force. But I will sign up for the Space Force as well as the 
Army.
    I think the challenges that you all have presented to us as 
a Member of the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs for the 
past four years that I have been a member, in regards to 
telehealth, in regards to modernization, getting our EHRs, I 
mean active duty military has a functioning EHR system. That is 
still driving cost in our VA system and it is making it 
difficult for you all to engage in care, engage in care in 
difficult facilities and engaging care in the community.
    What we have done and promoted in community care is 
especially important. I live in a rural area of Iowa. I have 
lived in, you know, very big areas such as San Antonio, Texas, 
which has a lot of military bases and VA facilities. Worked at 
the VA facility adjacent to Bexar County.
    But what we have done in community care to provide access 
to veterans who either cannot get into the VA in a timely 
manner or the distance where they live is too cumbersome. We 
have done good work on PTSD and suicide prevention, but we know 
we need to do more. And then let me also say that what we have 
done in trying to get employment opportunities, and this is 
both on the active-duty side as you transition out and for 
veterans who have already transitioned out of the military and 
their spouses, I think it is extremely important work that we 
do. That may be non-traditional VA work, but it is extremely 
important for us in making our veterans whole.
    Taxes and GI Bill. Need I mention those? But then I am 
going to just ask a question so we can get that done since my 
time is limited.
    Commander Contreras, the work your organization does in the 
adaptive sports program has done wonders for veterans over the 
years and we are glad to see participating, you know, increase 
over post-COVID. What changes do you think Congress could make 
to make the program to ensure that the benefit could be 
utilized by more veterans?
    Mr. Contreras. Thank you, Representative, for that 
question. DAV's programs with our Winter Sports Clinic as well 
as our Disabled Veterans Golf Clinic. It is an amazing event 
and I would like to ask our Voluntary Service Director John 
Kleindienst to address your question.
    Mr. Kleindienst. Thank you, Commander. Adaptive sports is 
absolutely a life-changing event. There are many in this room, 
many watching today whose lives have changed for the better as 
a result of DAV and VA's involvement with adaptive sports, more 
specifically the Winter Sports Clinic and the Golf Clinic. I 
think awareness for the types of programs and activities in the 
adaptive sports arena could be highlighted and leaders like 
yourselves, executive leaders at VA, and their attendance and 
awareness and education about what we are doing at that event 
are truly rehabilitative. They are not athletes. They are 
coming to a rehabilitative event to get reintroduced into an 
activity they did pre-injury. So, I just think awareness and 
education and allowing the funding for these types of events to 
take place is of the utmost importance.
    Dr. Miller-Meeks. I thank you for that. We have a Quad 
Cities Veterans Outreach Program in Scott County which is all 
voluntary, which recently public--purchased a school system 
from the city which now has a program for adaptive sports. And 
I think it is going to, it has done worlds of benefit for our 
veterans. I could not be a Member of Congress if it were not 
for you all. So thank you from the bottom of my heart for all 
you do in defending our freedoms, our liberties, and our 
Constitution. I yield back.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Dr. Miller-Meeks. Senator Hassan, 
you are recognized for 3 minutes.

                   HON. MARGARET WOOD HASSAN,
                U.S. SENATOR FROM NEW HAMPSHIRE

    Senator Hassan. Thank you very much, Mr. Chair and Ranking 
Member. I want to start by just acknowledging all the veterans 
who made the trip here today and especially give a shout-out to 
the Granite State veterans who are in the room. I am also here 
as the proud daughter of an infantry sergeant from World War II 
and am particularly grateful to all of the Army veterans here 
in the room.
    Voices. Woo.
    Senator Hassan. I would also like to join others who have 
expressed concern about the recent firings at the VA. One 
thousand a couple of weeks ago, 1400 just last night. And I 
think what I would like to say to Mr. Musk is this isn't 
Twitter, it is the VA.
    [Applause.]
    To Commander Contreras, I want to see if we can get through 
two questions here. I want to start off by thanking DAV for its 
advocacy on behalf of veterans and especially toxic-exposed 
veterans. I was happy to work with my colleagues to develop and 
pass the PACT Act, but I know, just as the DAV does as well, 
that more needs to be done to help toxic-exposed veterans get 
the benefits that they have earned and deserve. Unfortunately, 
as DAV has noted, it takes the VA too long to formally 
acknowledge toxic exposures. Commander, can you please discuss 
the importance of ensuring that processes are in place to 
quickly and fairly process veterans' claims for toxic 
exposures?
    Mr. Contreras. Thank you, Representative. That is a very 
important issue, and it is one of our critical policy goals. 
And you can see that we worked with MOAA to establish the 
Ending the Wait report, which indicates that there is a lot 
that Congress can do in order to avoid this long delay. It 
takes too long to establish presumptives. And if you can see in 
our critical policy goals, that is a key issue that we believe 
by preempting and studying these things in advance, we could 
provide our veterans, in presumptive conditions, more expedient 
services.
    Senator Hassan. Thank you very much for that. And I now 
want to follow up on one of the areas that Representative 
Morrison was talking about. And it may be to you, Commander 
Contreras, or maybe Ms. Ilem. In your written testimony, you 
discussed the fact that suicide rates among women veterans have 
been steadily rising. And in DAV's report on women's veterans' 
mental health, DAV identified that women veterans have several 
unique risk factors for suicide. Commander, can you describe 
the importance of tailoring outreach and services to women's 
veterans and how that can help address the mental health needs 
that these veterans may have?
    Mr. Contreras. Thank you, again, for that question. As you 
alluded to, this is our third report, this one being the 
``Journey to Mental Wellness.'' Let us definitely have our 
Legislative Director, Joy Ilem, address that.
    Senator Hassan. Great, thank you.
    Ms. Ilem. Just very quickly, we appreciate your attention 
to that report and our real concern over women veterans and 
mental health and some unique risk factors, especially military 
sexual trauma--making sure that that is in VA's protection 
predictive model. We know that veterans are at higher risk who 
have experienced MST.
    Senator Hassan. Right.
    Ms. Ilem. And so, therefore, we want to make sure that is 
part of that predictive model so there can be outreach to them 
with a focus on prevention.
    Senator Hassan. Thank you very much. And Mr. Chair, with 
just a moment of privilege, I will follow up on what my 
colleague on the other side of the aisle said. My dad, the 
World War II veteran, used to ask us at the breakfast table, 
what are you doing for freedom today? Which when you are in 
fourth grade, is kind of a hard question to answer [Laughter]. 
But it just always reminds me he had the right to ask it. Thank 
you for everything you have all done for our freedom. Thank 
you.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Senator. Commander, thank you for 
being here. I want to express this to you, but I am also going 
to express it to Mr. Reese and Ms. Ilem. As we see these 
changes and the conversation as they go on, if you see a 
reduction in any service that is due to the change into this 
administration's made, or if you see or hear of someone 
specifically that has been relieved and or let go of their 
duties that you think is something that we should hear, my 
office, you know, is always open. The job of this Committee is 
to make sure that the veterans are provided for, as I said 
before, not that the bureaucrats are protected, but making sure 
that the services that is provided through the VA are for our 
veterans to make sure that they are taken care of. And I want 
to thank all of you, the Disabled American Veterans, for being 
here today, for what you have done, and what you continue to 
do. And I want to thank the audience members for coming in from 
every corner of this United States. And with that, we are going 
to move to the second panel. But here are some instructions 
that I need to give to you, please, because after 11 years of 
being around here, I understand how this room works. If you 
would, your exit, please, this way, so that the next panel can 
come in this way for the flow of traffic. Thank you again for 
being here. God bless you all.
    [Applause.]
    Mr. Contreras. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you, Ranking 
Member Takano.

                              ----------                              


    Chairman Bost. The Committee will come back to order. We 
would like now to welcome our second panel. I want to thank you 
all for being here. Now, we have a lot of important 
organizations to hear from on this panel, so let's get right to 
it.
    Today we are joined by the National Commander Horace 
Johnson of AMVETS. We are also joined with Mr.--by Mr. Jack 
McManus of the Veterans--Vietnam Veterans of America.
    Mr. Robert Olivarez. Do I say right? Well, no, with--with 
boast. You know that it is not boast, it is Bost. So I want 
yours to be right. How is--it is not close enough, but get it 
right.
    Mr. Olivarez. It is Olivarez.
    Chairman Bost. And now I am still going to say it wrong, 
but that is all right. That way you put it down. He is of our 
Military Order of the Purple Heart.
    Mr. Paul Mimms of the Blind Veterans Association. Thank you 
for being here with us.
    Mr. William Hubbard of the Veterans Education Success.
    Ms. Nancy Menagh of the Gold Star Wives of America.
    Mr. Matthew Schwartzman of Reserve Organization of America. 
Again, welcome to all of you and to all of your members in the 
audience.
    Mr. Johnson, you are now recognized for 5 minutes for your 
opening statement.

                            PANEL II

                              ----------                              


                  STATEMENT OF HORACE JOHNSON,
                   NATIONAL COMMANDER, AMVETS

    Mr. Johnson. Well, thank you, sir. Chairman, Ranking 
Members and Members of the Committee, the challenges facing 
veterans aren't new, but recent actions making them worse. 
Right now, veterans working at the VA are losing their jobs. 
Veterans owned small businesses are losing contracts and 
critical services are being cut without a clear plan and 
without accountability.
    The Department of Government Efficiency, DOGE, is making 
sweeping changes in the name of reform, but real reform means 
fixing what is broken, not breaking what works. The VA needs 
improvement, but not reckless cuts are not--but reckless cuts 
are not the answer. Veterans should not bear the brunt of 
mismanagement. Congress must step in before these changes do 
lasting damages.
    At the same time, while resources disappear in the name of 
efficiency, the VA mental health budget has grown from $600 
million at the start of our Iraqi and Afghanistan wars to over 
$17 billion in 2025. Yet veteran suicide rates remain 
heartbreakingly high. This crisis isn't about a lack of 
funding; it is about misplaced priorities. Billions are wasted 
on ineffective programs, bureaucracies and contracts that 
overpromise and underdeliver. And while that money disappears, 
veterans are left without the care they need. This has to 
change.
    Veterans is calling for a real solution. We propose the 
Veterans Continuum of Wellness, a framework designed to tackle 
the root causes of mental health struggles. It focuses on early 
intervention, self-sufficiency and long-term wellness. It 
explains access to alternate therapies, including peer-led 
counseling and community-based support, giving veterans more 
options beyond traditional VA care and pharmaceuticals. Because 
when a veteran is struggling, they don't need to be put on a 
waiting list, another waiting list, they need help when they 
ask for it.
    Another issue that has been overlooked for far too long is 
traumatic brain injury, TBI. Since 2000, nearly a half a 
million service members have suffered at least one TBI each 
year. Over a hundred thousand veterans seek VA care for TBI, 
yet too many are given medical issues instead of--medications--
instead of real treatment. Businesses, excuse me, businesses 
are shut out. Congress must increase competition, remove 
barriers for veteran-owned businesses and hold contractors 
accountable.
    There are other urgent issues. Surviving spouses and 
children of service members receive far less DIC payments than 
other civilian counterparts. This must change. The Richard Star 
Act must pass so that medically retired combat veterans can 
receive both their full retirement pay and disability benefits 
without penalty. Far too long, veterans and their families have 
been told to wait while billions are wasted. Veterans are still 
dying by suicide. Veterans with TBI are still searching for 
solutions. Veteran-owned small businesses are still being shut 
out while corporate profits from failed projects. We cannot 
keep on doing the same thing. Congress must act now. Our 
legislative priorities will ensure every veteran has the 
opportunity to thrive.
    At the same time, Congress must hold underperforming 
contractors accountable, support veteran owned businesses and 
prioritize competition and innovation. AMVETS stands ready to 
help with Congress, the administration and the VA to make real 
reform happen. Veterans need more--don't need more bureaucracy. 
They don't need more failed programs. They need leadership. 
They need vision. They need real results. The time is now. 
Thank you.

    [The prepared statement of Mr. Johnson appears on page 89 
of the Appendix.]

    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Mr. Johnson. Mr. McManus, you are 
recognized for 5 minutes for your opening statement.

STATEMENT OF JACK MCMANUS, NATIONAL PRESIDENT, VIETNAM VETERANS 
                           OF AMERICA

    Mr. McManus. Morning, Chairperson, esteemed Members of the 
joint House and Senate Committees on Veterans' Affairs and 
fellow veterans in the room. VVA remains steadfast in our 
mission to advocate for the rights, health and well-being of 
all veterans who have served. We are driven by the commitment 
that has guided our organization since its founding.
    Never again shall one generation of veterans abandon 
another. To divide one's veteran service based upon the 
distinction in time and location at the expense of another 
veteran's equally honorable service is an injustice to both 
veterans. Could we really believe that the sacrifices of the 
veterans lost in the Beirut barracks at the embassy in Benghazi 
were any less a sacrifice than those lost in Al-Fallujah in 
Iraq or Khe Sanh in Vietnam? We are American veterans first, 
last and always.
    Foremost, I must address an urgent matter. That is the need 
for a full accounting of U.S. personnel categorized as 
prisoners of war or missing in action from the War in Vietnam. 
The families of those service members deserve the answers. And 
you, the Members of this Committee, multiple committees, 
representing the American people, owe it to our former fallen 
comrades to ensure every effort is made to bring them home. We 
call on Congress to fully fund and prioritize efforts to 
recover and account for our missing service members in all 
Vietnam War combat areas. Diligent recovery efforts are 
imperative and must continue at a fast pace at potential sites 
which have been altered by construction and by land 
reclamation.
    America has made an oath to never abandon our fellow 
veterans. In keeping this promise, do not allow this time and 
opportunity to slip away.
    The health and safety of our veterans and their descendants 
should be a paramount concern for all veterans--all Americans, 
excuse me. Therefore, we ask for comprehensive studies to 
identify and potentially resolve the negative effects of toxic 
exposures on veterans and their descendants. In this, we hope 
to identify best practices that will mitigate or eliminate 
future toxic exposures.
    Thousands of Vietnam veterans were exposed to Agent Orange 
in the water and on the ships outside the current 12-mile 
nautical limitation. We call for amendment of the Blue Water 
Navy Act of 2019 to extend this arbitrary man-made limit. If 
you served in the Vietnam theater of combat operations and are 
entitled to receive the Vietnam Service Medal, you should be 
presumed exposed.
    1,120 women volunteered to serve with the Red Cross during 
the Vietnam War. 627 of those women worked as Donut Dollies and 
three of them never made it home from Vietnam. Providing 
critical morale boosts to our soldiers, these Donut Dollies 
traveled by helicopter to forward operating positions as well 
as in the rear.
    We call for recognition of their perilous volunteer service 
by awarding the Congressional Gold Medal to the Donut Dollies. 
I implore this Committee to introduce this long overdue 
legislation. As a personal aside, it would be very important 
and very critical if we could get the Members of this Committee 
to sponsor and introduce the legislation for the Congressional 
Gold Medal for the Donut Dollies.
    Finally, we adamantly oppose any proposed dilution or 
expansion of the criteria for which the DoD Gold Star 
designation lapel button is awarded. It should always be for 
our Nation's aspiration to have fewer Gold Star families, not 
more. We are opposed to any efforts to diminish the noble and 
selfless sacrifice of those lives ended in military conflict.
    Thank you for the opportunity to testify. VVA is keen to 
work with Congress on behalf of our veterans. More of our 
priorities can be found in our written testimony.

    [The prepared statement of Mr. McManus appears on page 100 
of the Appendix.]

    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Mr. McManus. Mr. Olivarez, you 
are recognized for 5 minutes.

STATEMENT OF ROBERT OLIVAREZ JR., NATIONAL COMMANDER, MILITARY 
                   ORDER OF THE PURPLE HEART

    Mr. Olivarez. Thank you. Thank you, Chairman Bost, and 
Ranking Member Blumenthal, and distinguished Members of the 
Veterans' Affairs Committee. I am honored and humbled to 
represent America's Purple Heart veterans in addressing you 
today.
    I would like to begin by congratulating the new Members of 
Congress and expressing my gratitude to those who have returned 
to serve and enhance the quality of life for our Nation's 
veterans. With the collective efforts, I am confident that the 
119th Congress will make significant stride in supporting our 
Nation's heroes. The 118th Congress passed pivotal legislation 
such as the VA Accountability Act, PACT Act, and the Compact 
Act, which have made substantial improvements in various 
aspects of the American veterans life. This foundation will 
undoubtedly guide our progress during the 119th Congress.
    Our Nation's veterans answered a call to protect us from 
the darkest threats the world has to offer. We implore you, 
this Committee, and the rest of Congress to consider passing 
further legislation that addresses and presents needs of our 
veterans.
    We, the Military Order of the Purple Heart, ask for your 
support in the following. First, the Military Medals Protection 
Act, which George Washington established as the Badge of Merit, 
which is the precursor to today's Purple Heart. Recognizing the 
profound significance of military honors. This act grants the 
Department of Defense exclusive trademark authority over all 
military medals, safeguarding them from exploitation and 
preserving their symbolic value. Commercializing or misusing 
these symbols diminishes their essence. The 113th Congress 
recognized this sacredness when they passed the Stolen Valor 
Act. Let's collaborate and expand their protection and restore 
the trade word marks to DoD, ensuring their unimpaired 
safeguard.
    Second, the National Green Alert Act. H.R. 175-2017 aims to 
create a specialized alert system for missing veterans. The 
purpose of the system is to leverage a successful existing 
alert system like the Amber Alert and Silver Alert, which have 
demonstrated high recovery rates. The Green Alert system would 
provide critical response tools to enable specialized response 
to include public education components to address the unique 
challenges faced by veterans in crisis.
    Third, the Healthy Heroes Act. This act addresses veterans 
healthcare crisis including mental health, substance abuse and 
homelessness. This act would introduce changes to health--the 
VA health care by embracing alternative treatments such as 
holistic approaches and comprehensive mental health services. 
The Military Order of the Purple Heart also requests Congress 
to expand on the VA dental health care qualifications for all 
veterans.
    Finally, the Fulfilling the Legacy Act seeks to rectify a 
systematic failure that has been affecting all veterans 
financial security. Consider the story of a 92-year-old Purple 
Heart recipient who diligently paid survivor's benefit premiums 
for decades only to lose $50,000 in premiums when his wife 
passed away. This is not an isolated incident but a clear 
indication and a need for action. This act modernizes the 
survivor's benefit plan, ensuring that veterans investments in 
their families futures are protected. The military retirees 
have already met all requirements and have earned health care 
benefits. So the Military Order of the Purple Heart opposes any 
changes to TRICARE for Life or VA disability benefits that 
would increase the fees and shift costs from the Department of 
Defense to retirees over 65 years of age who rely on TRICARE 
for Life and those who rely on their VA disability 
compensation.
    The cost of inaction extends beyond monetary losses. It 
involves the loss of life, shattered families and broken 
promises. Each day, 44,000 families, or 44 families, tragically 
lose a veteran to suicide for our delays. Every night, 33,000 
veterans who valiantly defended our Nation find themselves 
sleeping on our streets. On top of that, countless military 
families face financial insecurities due to outdated benefit 
systems. Continuing to allow companies to profit while 
penalizing a Nation's heroes who earned these benefits 
diminishes the sacrifices made by America's warriors.
    These four acts the Military Order of the Purple Heart 
presents are more than mere policy changes, but they embody our 
sacred moral obligation to those who have served. The Military 
Order of the Purple Heart proposes these acts for American 
veterans to secure their health care for their families' 
futures. Each piece of legislation addresses critical gaps in 
support for veterans. George Washington recognized the 
importance of honoring those veterans who served under him. We 
must too recognize our duty to today's veterans. The 119th 
Congress holds the opportunity to transform how America cares 
for its heroes. Let us set aside partisan politics and focus on 
the issue at hand. The Military Order of the Purple Heart is 
seeking your support and collaboration on these presented acts, 
and also remember to ``Honor the Contract.''

    [The prepared statement of Mr. Olivarez appears on page 115 
of the Appendix.]

    Chairman Bost. Thank you. Mr. Mimms, you are recognized for 
5 minutes.

    STATEMENT OF PAUL L. MIMMS, NATIONAL PRESIDENT, BLINDED 
                      VETERANS ASSOCIATION

    Mr. Mimms. Good morning, Chairman Bost, and Chairman Moran, 
and Ranking Members Blumenthal and Takano, and the other 
esteemed Members of the congressional Veterans' Affairs 
Committee. The Blinded Veterans Association is honored to 
present our legislative priorities for the coming year as we 
approach, on March 28th, the anniversary of our 80th year of 
existence.
    What I want to talk to you about today is the ways in which 
America's blinded veterans are continuing to be underserved and 
disenfranchised. And I present that to you by describing myself 
to you, presenting myself to you as a blinded veteran who 
served in Vietnam and was injured there, a former employee of 
the Department of Veterans Affairs as a vet center counselor 
and later computer skills instructor, and eventually a visual 
impairment services team coordinator. And now I am a consumer 
of medical care from my local VA medical center.
    A day in the life of just trying to get a primary care 
appointment, I will present to you, and the first barrier we 
encounter is transportation. The VA has inadequate 
transportation resources available to blind veterans. What we 
do have provided by the VTS service is that we may actually 
have our appointment canceled the night before, if not the day 
of the appointment. We now have to scramble to try to figure 
out how to get there. Once we get there, we get to the waiting 
room and very often somebody is going to walk out, call my name 
and then walk up to me and say, here, fill this out and hand me 
a clipboard, which of course I can't see. Then when I finally 
get in at my appointment, they are going to give me yet another 
sheaf of papers and say, here is your treatment plan and your 
follow up plan. And so go over that and you know, I will see 
you in six months.
    Okay. Then I leave there, I go to labs, or I go to 
pharmacy, both are going to be the same thing. I am required to 
take a number from where? And so it is not obvious and if there 
is nobody there to help, there is, now I got to find somebody 
else that is sitting there and hopefully there is somebody so I 
can ask them where do I get my number? Okay, now wait, tell 
me--can you tell me what it is? So that system is not for us, 
but yet we get through that. And when we go to pharmacy after 
we put in our prescriptions, we are sitting in the lobby with 
everybody else, and what we are tasked with doing is waiting to 
see our name on the screen, although we can't, so we got to ask 
somebody else, you know, to find my name if the pharmacy 
doesn't come up with a way in order to inform us that we will 
notify you when your name comes out so you can come up and pick 
up your meds.
    After we leave to go to the window in order to apply for 
transportation reimbursement because we had to pay our own way 
to get there, then they say, well you are going to have to use 
the website. So I tell them the website is not accessible. 
Well, I am sorry, we can't help you. Yet another barrier.
    And so that, that is just a day in the life of what we go 
through and as blinded veterans, and I am not unique in that. 
And so as I want to say one more thing about me and that is 
that I am a guide dog handler. And as such, for the last three 
administrations, we have been waiting for the VA to implement 
their own mandated program that would have established a person 
called Service Dog Champion at every VA facility. And they have 
yet to do that. And for the few that are on duty, there is no 
such thing as the training program for them. There is no such 
thing as the guidance for them. So our very--our expectations 
have to be very low in terms of them delivering the service 
that is supposed to come from that program. Another barrier.
    So we--I don't want you to think that I am a blinded 
veteran and therefore I have a disability and so I want 
everything my way. It is far from that. We served like 
everybody else served, and we served you. In front of me and 
every other veteran in this room, we served alongside them and 
the country. We served on behalf of them. And so we deserve, as 
blind veterans, the same level of dignity, respect, 
sensitivity, and we need to be treated as much of a human being 
as everybody else who doesn't have an obvious different 
abilities.
    My abilities are different now than they were when I was 
inducted, as I have been discharged. And those different 
abilities don't mean that therefore I have a different level of 
respect and service that I should be able to expect as I try to 
access VA's programs.
    So I am advocating right now for you to continue the 
funding for blind rehabilitation service. I can tell you there 
is nothing in the general community that will come anywhere 
near the level of service that we get from that program, and we 
desperately need that in order to be able to take our place in 
society alongside our sighted peers and our family members and 
our fellow veterans--being able to serve in the community as 
husbands, fathers, brothers, and taxpayers. And I want to make 
sure that we have continued funding for vision research through 
Senate appropriations. I want the VA to engage on a program 
that would just come up with training for the ways that they 
need it.
    Once I mentioned that VA employees don't know how to guide 
us. So when we go to a clinic appointment, they are going to 
grab our thumb, wrist, my clothes, my dog's leash, the cane, 
and whatever they can think of that they are supposed to grab 
so they can lead us, when in reality they just need to offer us 
an elbow and we can take that and it is all done. But the VA 
doesn't see it makes sense to teach them that. And so I ask for 
that education. Education for the service dog champions.
    And last, but not least, we advocate vigorously for the 
establishment of the Federal Committee--Federal Advisory 
Committee on Access. And more so, we advocate for having a seat 
at that table because we finally need now the opportunity to 
speak up for ourselves instead of having people decide, oh, 
this is what they need, so just give them this so they will be 
quiet.
    So I thank you for this opportunity to present to you, and 
I offer the opportunity to answer any of your questions.

    [The prepared statement of Mr. Mimms appears on page 120 of 
the Appendix.]

    Chairman Bost. Thank you Mr. Mimms. Mr. Hubbard.
    Mr. Mimms. Thank you.
    [Applause.]
    Chairman Bost. Mr. Hubbard, you are recognized for 5 
minutes.

 STATEMENT OF WILLIAM HUBBARD, VICE PRESIDENT FOR VETERANS AND 
          MILITARY POLICY, VETERANS EDUCATION SUCCESS

    Mr. Hubbard. Thank you. Chairman Moran and Bost, Ranking 
Members Blumenthal and Takano, and esteemed Members of the 
Committee on Veterans' Affairs, thank you for the opportunity 
to testify today on behalf of Veterans Education Success. We 
thank you for your long-standing leadership, especially 
Chairman Moran, Senator Cassidy, and Ranking Member Takano, for 
closing the 90/10 loophole.
    Our organization works on a bipartisan basis to advance 
higher education success for veterans, service members, and 
military families and to protect the integrity and promise of 
the GI Bill and other federal post-secondary education 
programs. The stakes are high. Veterans and taxpayers alike 
deserve a return on their investment in higher education.
    While most U.S. colleges are honorable and good, some are 
not, but VA continues to approve them anyway. For example, 
there is roughly 100 colleges that spent less than 20 percent 
of the tuition they charged VA on actually educating veterans. 
And predictably, these schools have abysmal outcomes. One 
veteran told us, ``There are issues such as schools replaying 
free web seminars as their own training and using unqualified 
people to lead the classes. They literally go to YouTube, find 
the free course by someone, then they play that during the Zoom 
meeting and call it training. Everything they are doing could 
have been done by me for free. They also attempted on two 
occasions to place me in classes that are not part of the 
program and do not serve a purpose except to show me in 
class.''
    A couple of years ago, student veterans and whistleblowers 
reported a different school to us, a school pretending to be a 
legitimate Bible college, which, as the students described, was 
actually a cult. We interviewed the students and teachers and 
provided a comprehensive memo to VA, and yet the school 
continued to receive GI Bill funding for another two years. The 
school even continued to receive GI Bill funding a full three 
months after the FBI raided the school's locations across the 
country.
    Transitions between military service and civilian life are 
challenging enough as it is, even in the best of times. I have 
personally made this transition multiple times between active-
duty service and the civilian world after several overseas 
deployments, including my last tour in Afghanistan in 2018 and 
2019. When veterans apply to use their GI Bill at a training 
program or college, they don't think, gosh, this is going to be 
such a scam. No, of course they think they are investing their 
time, energy, and valuable GI Bill benefits in something 
worthwhile. Yet we hear from veterans and their families time 
and time again, why would VA approve this program in the first 
place? And that really is a question for Congress to ponder.
    Our written testimony suggests some common sense standards 
to prevent this kind of fraud in the first place.
    One, ensure teachers are qualified to teach in their 
subjects.
    Two, require colleges to prove they are financially stable 
and won't suddenly collapse.
    Three, require colleges to spend the GI Bill on the 
veteran's education rather than siphoning it off for massive 
marketing budgets.
    Four, stop colleges from overcharging repackaged content, a 
hit to veterans and taxpayers alike.
    Five, no more YouTube lectures. Require real instructor 
engagement in online classes.
    A related and worst problem is that if a veteran was 
defrauded of their hard earned GI Bill benefits, that veteran 
will never get their GI Bill back. Unlike traditional students 
who can apply to be made whole, the veteran is left out. Last 
year, the House voted overwhelmingly in favor of the Student 
Veteran Benefit Restoration Act, a bill sponsored by 
Congresswoman Delia Ramirez and championed by Chairman Mike 
Bost, both members from Illinois, where I grew up. We need to 
pass this bill this year.
    Before I close, I want to briefly mention two additional 
priorities. First, on the Dole Act, we provide some suggestions 
and our written testimony for some possible technical 
improvements. And second, we call for much better interagency 
data sharing by VA to answer critical questions on veterans 
outcomes.
    Thank you for your time and commitment to these issues. I 
look forward to your questions.

    [The prepared statement of Mr. Hubbard appears on page 137 
of the Appendix.]

    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Mr. Hubbard. What amazement is it 
that the two set people sitting at the dais are the ones that 
are sponsors of your bill?
    Mr. Hubbard. I appreciate it.
    Chairman Bost. With that, Ms. Menagh, you are recognized 
for 5 minutes for your opening statement.

 STATEMENT OF NANCY MENAGH, PAST NATIONAL PRESIDENT, GOLD STAR 
                     WIVES OF AMERICA, INC.

    Ms. Menagh. Chairman Bost, Ranking Members, and Committee 
members, thank you so much for inviting us to testify this 
year. This year marks 80 years that Gold Star Wives of America 
has worked with Congress to bring attention to surviving 
spouses and their families.
    In our written testimony, we address our many concerns 
concerning toxic exposure, traumatic brain injuries in relation 
to suicide, claims for suicide and their issues, and the burial 
allowance and many other issues facing veterans and their 
families. But today we are here to focus on the Caring for 
Survivors Act of 2025. The first part of the bill will match 
dependent indemnity compensation, known as DIC, closer to 
benefits in other federal survivor programs. And the second 
part will ensure surviving family members receive the financial 
help they deserve if their veteran dies at the 5-year mark 
instead of the 10-year mark if they die of a condition not 
deemed part of their disability.
    My husband, Captain Philip Menagh, served in Vietnam with 
the Marine Corps, where he earned the Silver Star, the Navy 
Commendation Medal with Valor, and the Navy and Marine Corps 
Medal. He then later joined the Virginia National Guard. On 
June 9, 1984, I was 8 months pregnant, and our four children 
stood at the window, 10, 8, 5, and 3, each holding a dollar 
bill, listening for the ice cream truck. My 8-year-old suddenly 
yelled, mom, mom, there is a police car with two Army guys. As 
I stood waiting for that knock at the door, I knew our lives 
had changed forever. I am now one of the many survivors who 
rely on DIC.
    Currently, over 93 percent of those who receive DIC are 
over the age of 57 and over 70 percent are surviving spouses of 
Vietnam. Whether an active-duty death or a slow Agent Orange 
death years later, it is this demographic who needs this 
increase in DIC. Of all those who receive DIC, only around 15 
percent also receive DIC and SBP. Those who receive only DIC 
are primarily those who are married to our Vietnam veterans.
    Well, what does this increase mean to us? Let's look at the 
numbers. A married 100 percent disabled Vietnam veteran 
receives an annual amount of $48,532. If that veteran dies, the 
household income drops to a mere $19,836. The rent remains the 
same, the utilities remain the same, and yet that spouse now 
has less than half of the monthly income to maintain that 
household. And that is because their surviving spouse rate is 
only 43 percent of what a single 100 percent disabled veteran 
receives. To bring parity with other federal employing programs 
by raising that amount to 55 percent is really a very small 
price to pay for the sacrifices made for those who served in 
Vietnam and their families. Certainly the sacrifice made by our 
service members are at least as important and worthy as other 
federal employee jobs. Been a lot of talk today about federal 
jobs.
    While my husband is the one who made the ultimate sacrifice 
for our country, it is me, the surviving spouse, who continues 
to pay that price each and every day for the rest of my life. I 
wear the Silver Star my husband earned to remind me every day 
of who he was, what he did, and how to continue his life of 
service. Our country drafted thousands and thousands of young 
men to serve in Vietnam, and now it is time to show our respect 
for them by taking care of their families left behind. It is 
part of the price tag for their sacrifice, and it is a very 
small price to pay.
    The second part of the Caring for Survivors Act of 2025 
addresses the surviving families of 100 percent disabled 
veterans. Currently, only the families of a veteran rated 100 
percent for 10 years receives benefits in the situation of a 
death deemed not caused by the disability. This bill reduced 
the 10-year qualification to 5 years, thus providing benefits 
to those families who have put their lives on hold caring for 
those veterans every day.
    You can pass the Caring for Survivors Act of 2025 to 
provide just a little more financial ability to pay the bills, 
to buy that extra bag of groceries, or fill a tank of gas. It 
is no secret how our Vietnam veterans were treated when they 
came home. You can send a message to them that we recognize and 
thank them for their sacrifice and now we will do better to 
take care of the family they leave behind.
    For 80 years we have come to remind you to follow the words 
of Abraham Lincoln, ``To care for him who have borne the battle 
and for his widow and his orphan.'' Thank you.
    [Applause.]

    [The prepared statement of Ms. Menagh appears on page 167 
of the Appendix.]

    Chairman Bost. Thank you. Mr. Schwartzman, you are 
recognized for 5 minutes.

STATEMENT OF MATTHEW L. SCHWARTZMAN, DIRECTOR, LEGISLATION AND 
        MILITARY POLICY, RESERVE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICA

    Mr. Schwartzman. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. 
Chairman Bost and Moran, Ranking Members Takano and Blumenthal, 
and distinguished Members of the Committees on Veterans' 
Affairs, on behalf of the Reserve Organization of America, the 
only National military organization that solely and exclusively 
supports the Reserve and National Guard, thank you for the 
opportunity to testify on our veterans priorities for the 119th 
Congress. By setting aside partisanship, your Committees have 
consistently extinguished the fires of faction warned of in the 
Federalist Papers and have instead kindled a flame of 
constitutional cooperation seldomly seen within the Federal 
Government. That flame was recently ignited with the signing of 
the Dole Act, which included several provisions modernizing the 
Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act 
supported by ROA. ROA is eager to work with you and your staff 
to build on this success and thanks you for your hard work in 
the previous Congress.
    For over a century, ROA has championed the Reserve and 
National Guard, advocating for military readiness and national 
security. The Department of Veterans Affairs is essential to 
this mission and must ensure the reserve components receive the 
support they need and deserve.
    While my written statement details over 20 actions Congress 
can take, my remarks today will focus on three critical 
reforms.
    80 years ago, President Roosevelt signed the GI Bill into 
law, issuing an emphatic notice that the American people would 
not let down their service members. Yet, despite ongoing 
improvements, members of the Reserve and National Guard are 
still left behind. Under current law, an active-duty service 
member and a reservist can perform the same mission, but only 
one earns education benefits. This is simply unacceptable.
    The Guard and Reserve GI Bill Parity Act, reintroduced in 
the 119th Congress, would resolve this disparity by counting 
every day in uniform toward Post-9/11 GI Bill eligibility. 
Beyond parity, this bill would boost voluntary reserve 
participation, strengthen the military's compensation package, 
enhance senior enlisted and officer promotion opportunities, 
and improve civilian career prospects for citizen warriors. ROA 
thanks Senators Moran and Blumenthal and Representatives Levin 
and Kelly for sponsoring this bill and urges its swift passage 
into law.
    The GI Bill's core purpose transcends education and is 
evident in other VA programs like the Transition Assistance 
Program. ROA commends your Committees for prioritizing TAP in 
the previous Congress, leading to the establishment of a 
reserve focus track within the program. This was a significant 
step forward, but more work remains. For example, ROA proposes 
expanding TAPs eligibility criteria and allowing participants 
to waive requirements under certain circumstances that are 
detailed further in our statement. ROA also supports 
incorporating reserve component specific issues in the TAP pre-
separation checklist and ensuring military spouses are fully 
integrated into the process. ROA remains committed to working 
with your Committees to refine TAP and ensure citizen warriors 
and their families receive the support they need.
    President Roosevelt's words about the GI Bill were not just 
a promise, they were a call to action. ROA answered that call 
in supporting the PACT Act. During the 72-hour fire watch vigil 
which helped secure the Act's passage, I had the honor of 
spending a night with veterans and other patriotic Americans on 
the Capitol steps. With ROA's headquarters nearby, I offered 
access to our facilities to sustain the vigil. That night a 
veteran jokingly called me ``bathroom guy,'' a title I now wear 
proudly as a symbol of ROA's commitment to delivering toxic 
exposure relief. Thanks to the PACT Act, almost one and a half 
million claims have been approved, with over 6 million toxic 
exposure screenings completed. Despite this, some veterans are 
still left behind.
    Consider those at the Pentagon on 9/11, forced to return to 
duty the very next day. Many of these heroes were exposed to 
toxic substances that still affect them to this day. Take 
retired Air Force Lt. Col. Susan Lukas, for example. Susan was 
at the Pentagon on 9/11. The next day she returned to duty. 
Soon after, she developed debilitating symptoms, including 
difficulty swallowing and breathing. Years later she was 
diagnosed with a rare lung condition, forcing her to leave the 
career she loved. Today, toxic exposure and PTSD continue to 
impact her life. But you don't have to take my word for it. In 
fact, Susan is here with me today. After this hearing, she is 
ready to share her experience firsthand and discuss ROA's 
proposal to establish a presumption of service-connection for 
her fellow battle buddies.
    ROA again thanks the Committees on Veterans' Affairs for 
the opportunity to testify. Before closing, I would like to 
recognize ROA's policy fellows, Jake Fails, Peter Donlin, and 
Hannah Miller for their contributions to this statement.
    Thank you again and I look forward to answering any 
questions you may have.

    [The prepared statement of Mr. Schwartzman appears on page 
176 of the Appendix.]

    Chairman Bost. Thank you, Mr. Schwartzman.
    I want to thank you and thank all of the entire panel for 
their thoughtful testimony, and I will now recognize myself for 
3 minutes for questioning.
    Commander Johnson, your organization directly interacts 
with veterans from various walks of life, especially as they 
navigate VA healthcare. What feedback do you receive from 
veterans regarding their experience with the VA healthcare?
    Mr. Johnson. Most of it is positive, but when it comes to 
making appointments and things like that, it takes a little 
longer than we would want that to happen. We would prefer it to 
be more hands on and more input being more felt and more timely 
because when people are sick, they are sick right then. Okay? 
They don't want to wait until next month. By the time they get 
the appointments, they are well already. So that is the most--a 
lot of the feedback I get from the veterans.
    Chairman Bost. Appreciate that.
    Mr. McManus, can you elaborate on why you believe VA's 
practice of reporting veterans with fiduciary to the National--
the NI--to the next list, okay, for background check system 
stigmatizes them and discourages them from receiving help from 
VA?
    Mr. McManus. We stand in support in the Military Order of 
Purple Heart and a number of other veterans organizations in 
unison in the efforts to ensure that a level of fairness and 
due process is accessed by our veterans. It is a shame that the 
very people who defend the rights of all Americans are some of 
the ones it has been the easiest to strip away. And we are in 
full support of the Second Amendment Protection Act.
    Chairman Bost. Appreciate that.
    Mr. McManus. Mm-hmm.
    Chairman Bost. Hubbard, in your testimony you highlighted 
the need to restore veterans benefits when there are cases of 
fraud. Would you be supportive to the reintroduction of the 
Student Benefit Restoration Act and the language that passed 
the House 40--406 to 6 last Congress?
    Mr. Hubbard. Thank you for the question, Mr. Chairman. 
Obviously, we appreciated working with your office and 
Congresswoman Delia Ramirez on that language. I think the fact 
that it was passed so overwhelmingly bipartisan demonstrates 
the fact that America and Congress has acknowledged the need 
for veterans to be made whole when they are defrauded. And we 
look forward to working with you and your office on that very 
closely moving forward.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you very much. My time has expired, 
and I now recognize Ranking Member Takano.
    Mr. Takano. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. My first question is 
for Mr. Mimms from VVA. In your testimony, you identified 
issues that blind and low vision veterans are experiencing when 
using the Veterans Transportation Service. Mr. Mimms, what do 
you think needs to be changed in the VTS program and how do you 
think it could be improved?
    Mr. Mimms. First thing that needs to be improved is it 
needs to be an available service that covers the need. And very 
often the reason those appointments are canceled, that I 
mentioned, is because they don't have enough drivers. I don't 
know how we will recruit a driver because I couldn't apply for 
the job, but I know that there are ways that the VA could come 
up with where they could recruit drivers if they could pay them 
an adequate wage so that it would be something that people 
would want to apply for. I think I will stop there.
    Mr. Takano. Well, have you seen any indication, or are you 
concerned--I want to ask you about Section 508 compliance or 
accessibility. You are kind of laughing a little bit there. 
Section 508 compliance or other accessibility initiatives 
supporting blind and low-vision veterans. Are you concerned 
that they--that this compliance may be impacted by President 
Trump's anti-diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility 
Executive order?
    Mr. Mimms. I think it could be if they--if we are lumped as 
blinded veterans or even veterans with different abilities, you 
know, as participants in the program of DEI. But Section 508 
has been around for a long time and it was before they even 
thought of DEI and before they really understood blinded 
veterans. And so it has to do with the VA engaging the purpose, 
engaging in the purchase rather, of equipment that will not 
meet our needs as veterans with these different abilities. But 
they put them in place anyway and then if it works out well, 
then they will think about how to do that later, I guess. But 
in the meantime, once again, that is another barrier. And a 
case in point is the kiosk that they were around. They have 
been around for 12, 15 years and by and large they are still 
not accessible to us, but they keep them in place. Well, that 
is how we check in. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Takano. Well, thank you. I am just very concerned about 
the President's Executive order impacting blind veterans as 
part of DEI.
    Mr. Mimms. Yes.
    Mr. Takano. That is a concern of yours as well, right?
    Mr. Mimms. Yes. You know, as I mentioned, blind rehab, 
there is nothing adequate beyond VA in blind rehab that would 
meet the needs and therefore we get the care that we already 
have. And so I think, you know, once again, we served the 
country, and so we just want you, the 119th Congress, to serve 
us back.
    Well, thank you so much. And I am very concerned that blind 
veterans are going to get caught up in this unnecessary attack.
    Mr. Mimms. I am concerned myself, but I am--I guess I am 
lacking in how to fix it.
    Mr. Takano. Thank you, sir. I yield back.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you. Representative Ramirez, you are 
recognized for 3 minutes.

                      HON. DELIA RAMIREZ,
               U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM ILLINOIS

    Mrs. Ramirez. Thank you, Chairman from the--my beloved 
State of Illinois. Appreciate it. And of course, I appreciate 
our Ranking Member from another good state. Not as great as 
Illinois. Just kidding. Just kidding.
    No, I want to start by just saying thank you to all the 
veterans service organizations that are joining us today and 
certainly every veteran that is here today and if there are any 
veterans from Illinois, I want to personally thank you for the 
ways that you have shown up for every American in this Nation 
and the way that you continue to live a life of public service. 
[Applause.] And, yes, I think we need a round of applause.
    [Applause.]
    Thank you to all of you. The reality is that here in the 
Veterans' Affairs Committee, we introduce and we move 
legislation, and hopefully most of that legislation is to make 
the life of veterans better. But that work couldn't be done 
without all of you. So thank you for that.
    I want to especially thank Will Hubbard at the Veterans 
Education Success for the work that you have done for your 
continued advocacy and partnership and advancing policies that 
are going to create parity for student veterans. Because the 
reality is that we don't have that parity just yet. Veterans 
who have served in uniform and have earned their GI Bill 
benefits should have the same exact protections as any other 
student that uses federal education funds. And as you mentioned 
in your testimony, under current law, even when a court or the 
Secretary of Veterans Affairs determines that a school 
defrauded a veteran, that veteran ends up losing their GI Bill 
benefits permanently. Non-veteran students or those that are 
studying under--that are not studying under the GI Bill 
benefits, they have mechanisms in place to protect and restore 
their investments, but veterans don't. And when veterans are 
left out, they are taking advantage at the hands of predatory 
schools and bad actors. These predatory schools begin targeting 
them even before they have returned to civilian life because 
they know they can get away with it.
    And it is why, with your support and the support of so many 
of you, I was proud to introduce and pass the Student Veteran 
Benefit Restoration Act last Congress with overwhelming 
support. And it is why I am proud to be reintroducing it this 
Congress and hopefully get it through the Senate and signed 
into law.
    Mr. Hubbard, in your testimony, you talked a little bit 
about this bill and the importance of this bill, but can you 
explain a little bit more why does this inequity exist for 
those that don't understand the difference in terms of 
restoration? And in your explanation, would you also talk about 
the impact it will have once we finally pass this bill into 
law?
    Mr. Hubbard. Yes. Thank you for not only the question, 
Congresswoman, but also your steadfast support to make this 
happen.
    We hear day in and day out from student veterans who have 
called us to share their stories about unspeakable fraud. As I 
mentioned in my earlier statement, when a student goes to--when 
a veteran goes to school as a student--they are not 
anticipating that the school is going to be a scam. They find 
that out later and unfortunately their GI Bill benefits are 
wasted at that point and given the fact that existing statutory 
authority does not afford them the chance to go back to school, 
your bill, we are hoping, would make that happen. And with that 
kind of legislation in place, our advocacy on behalf of those 
student veterans would actually give them a second chance to 
get back into the economy, something that we strongly support.
    Mrs. Ramirez. Thank you, Mr. Hubbard. Mr. Hubbard, so that 
means that if a veteran has been defrauded, he was about to 
graduate this school, the school bankrupt, they weren't able to 
get their degree, and we know so many veterans that are in that 
condition, they are not able to go to school because if they 
could go back to school, but they would have to now pay out of 
pocket. And we know in many cases that means it is impossible 
for them to go to school and afford thousands and thousands of 
tuition. Our bill will be able to restore benefits and ensure 
that schools in the future won't be able to scam our student 
veterans. Is that correct?
    Mr. Hubbard. Yes. And thank you again for your support on 
that. It is something that we have actively tried to get 
through and look forward to working with your office on.
    Mrs. Ramirez. I look forward to working with you. I 
certainly appreciate our Chairman who was a co-lead on the bill 
and I know we are going to work really hard to ensure that both 
the House and Senate pass it.
    I want to just wrap up in saying again what I said at the 
beginning. To all of you service organizations, to the veterans 
that are here today, may we always remember that our 
responsibility is not partisan politics. Our responsibility is 
to honor your service, to commit to ensure that we are 
increasing benefits for you, not cutting them, and making sure 
that we do everything in our power to ensure that you are 
treated with dignity, you are treated with respect, and that 
you receive the full benefits you have earned and have been 
promised to you. It is what I will continue to do in this 
Committee, and I certainly know that a number of my colleagues 
here will do.
    So, thank you, and with that, I yield back.
    Chairman Bost. Dr. Dexter, you are recognized for 3 
minutes.

                      HON. MAXINE DEXTER,
                U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM OREGON

    Dr. Dexter. Thank you so much to our leadership, Chairman 
Moran, Ranking Member Blumenthal, Chairman Bost, and Ranking 
Member Takano, for convening this really important hearing. And 
thank you to our witnesses for being with us today and for your 
service to our veterans. Your advocacy on behalf of our 
Nation's veterans is deeply meaningful, and it is an honor to 
be with you today.
    As a physician who has cared for veterans in the Denver VA 
or previously cared for them for seven years, it is my 
privilege to be in this position advocating with you for the 
health care benefits that our veterans have earned and deserve 
to keep in whole.
    In reviewing the written testimony for today's hearing, I 
appreciated that many of you emphasized the importance of 
investing in care specifically tailored to women veterans. This 
is certainly reflective of the experience I had as a VA 
provider, and it is what I hear from folks in the women's 
clinic at the Portland VA, which is in my district or serves my 
district.
    Commander Johnson, do you think it would harm care for 
female veterans to fire providers, cut programs, and close 
clinics that specifically serve this population of patients?
    Mr. Johnson. Absolutely. I mean, our veterans, I mean, our 
female veterans, are veterans just like the rest of us. They go 
to combat. They do everything every other veteran does, and 
they--they are human beings and they get sick and they need 
help just like every other veteran does. And then when you are 
cutting services, when you are cutting the service for the 
female veterans, you are cutting service for veterans, and 
absolutely I agree with that, that would harm us immensely.
    Dr. Dexter. Thank you. I couldn't agree more, and that is 
why I am so concerned about the recent actions from the Trump 
administration impacting our VA workforce. Just last week, I 
had a roundtable with Portland VA leadership and staff, and I 
spoke to staff in the women's health program who said to me, 
and this is a direct quote, ``Women say they love our clinic 
because we have staff that care, but now we have staff that are 
scared, vomiting and freaking out'', and that is the end of 
that quote. And these are the people caring for our veterans.
    Having terrified VA staff absolutely impacts the quality of 
care that our veterans are receiving. I recently heard from a 
patient treated at this clinic who canceled every single one of 
her forthcoming appointments because she is afraid she could be 
retaliated against for getting the care she needs. This is a 
horrifying new reality.
    So as women make up a growing share of the veteran 
population once again, Commander Johnson, what kind of 
investments in VA workforce for women veterans care would the 
veterans you serve like to see, and do you think these are 
possible if the attacks on the VA workforce continue?
    Mr. Johnson. So I haven't--we haven't had a full discussion 
on that. I would like to just say that I would speak to my 
constituents and be able to get back with you at a later date.
    Dr. Dexter. I would appreciate that. Thank you.
    Mr. Johnson. That is--that is a very important question, 
and it should be answered with a lot of consideration.
    Dr. Dexter. Thank you, Commander Johnson. I yield back, Mr. 
Chair.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you. Dr. Conaway, you are now 
recognized for 3 minutes.

                       HON. HERB CONAWAY,
              U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM NEW JERSEY

    Dr. Conaway. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I am certainly 
pleased to be here and to hear from our veteran community. We 
have a responsibility in this country to make sure those who 
have served us and not only the veteran, but the veterans 
families, are properly cared for. There are a lot of statements 
that are made from the dais such as this and on hustings about 
how much we owe to our veterans in this country and that should 
be met by the appropriate allocations from a budget to have a 
VA that is appropriately staffed to do the job that we ask them 
to do. And particularly as we have expanded access to the VA, 
to different and additional classes of veterans who will need 
to get service there. I am sad to say and sorry to know that 
our allocations, our budget does not reflect the present and 
growing demands that are being placed on the VA.
    My question to Mr. Johnson is, can you elaborate or give 
insight on the mental health services, the treatment, the care 
that veterans are currently receiving and your opinion, and 
others can offer opinion on this as well, and what you think 
ought to be done to ensure that this care is improved?
    Mr. Johnson. Well, I think the funds are there. It is just 
that the management of the system itself is not completely 
conducive of what is going on there. Especially with the TBI, 
the traumatic brain injury, that seems to somehow or another be 
new and it is not new. I mean, we have veterans dealing with 
that on a daily basis.
    Again, we haven't done a complete study on the statistics 
on how it is working. And for me to give you an educated, 
complete answer, I would have to get with my constituents and 
get more based, statistic based information so I can give you a 
better educated answer.
    Dr. Conaway. Would anyone else care to comment on my 
question? Ms.----
    Ms. Menagh. I would just like to address a little bit, 
continue about the TBI. That is something we are very concerned 
about. Studies, non-military studies, have shown that a TBI 
anytime in your life, even the mildest concussion, doubles the 
chance of suicide. Sometimes in your life there is such a 
stigma about suicide and mental health, and we would like to 
see more studies to show the physicality of the influence of 
the TBI on suicide and also about the, you know, difficulties 
with the claim process. Thank you.
    Dr. Conaway. Thank you. I would also ask of anyone who 
cares to answer. I have a great deal of concern that is broadly 
shared, I believe, about the cuts that have been occurring 
across the system that are indiscriminate. And while there have 
been some who have been saved from these cuts, there are issues 
with respect to people who bring food to patients in 
facilities, people who clean those facilities, people who 
provide security at those facilities. And that needs to be 
addressed in my view as well. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Bost. Thank you. At this time, I would like to 
recognize Ranking Member Takano for any closing remarks he 
might have.
    Mr. Takano. Well, I want to thank all the veterans service 
organizations that appear before us today and thank all of the 
veterans who have come to Washington to advocate on their 
behalf. Let me just say that I am awaiting answers from the 
Secretary about the firings of veterans. As you know, the VFW 
has condemned the indiscriminate dismissals of veterans, 
veterans who have had stellar performance reviews. I fail to 
see how this advances the mission of VA and I--and I have 
serious concerns about mission-critical employees being 
dismissed.
    With that, I yield back.
    Chairman Bost. I thank the Ranking Member for his closing 
statement, and I do also want to say thank you for every one of 
you being here.
    And I want to offer to you the exact same thing that I 
offered to the previous panel. If you see at any time that your 
services that you specifically deal with for your veterans that 
you represent are being interfered with as we change because I 
think it was in Mr. Johnson's testimony that he said there are 
ineffective programs out there as we need to go wisely through. 
And I am going to--I could ask which one of the people on the 
panel are taxpayers? And I would say you probably all raise 
your hand. And that means that we want to make sure that the 
dollars that we are spending on our veterans are going to 
provide those services that actually benefit our veterans, not 
necessarily benefit a bureaucracy. There is a difference. There 
is a difference. And as this Chairman of this Committee, I have 
said very openly time and time again and will continue to say 
so, the VA was created for the benefit of the veterans, not the 
benefit of bureaucracy.
    As we move forward, you have heard a lot of things, 
including the fact that veterans are being laid off. Some of 
those that have worked may be veterans, but most of them are 
employees. But as we move forward, it is to make sure that the 
best services are provided. That is why I offered what I just 
said. If there is any reduction in service or someone that you 
know that works at the VA that has been improperly released 
from their employment, please come to me and my office because 
we will argue on their behalf. But to make blanket statements 
based on some reform that has been much needed, I think quite 
often runs into rhetoric that we unfortunately use our veterans 
and our veterans service organizations as pawns, and I don't 
want to see that.
    So with that being said, once again, I want to say thank 
you to all of you, and that concludes the today's joint VSO 
hearing. And I think it is clear that the Committee is 
collaborating and in its collaboration with the VA, have more 
work to do in service for our veterans and their families.
    Now, I ask unanimous consent that all Members shall have 
five legislative days in which to revise and extend their 
remarks and include any extenuous material. Hearing no 
objection, so ordered, and the hearing is now adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 12:58 p.m., the Joint Committees were 
adjourned.]

                            A P P E N D I X

                          Prepared Statements

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