[Senate Hearing 119-3]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                                                          S. Hrg. 119-3

                     NOMINATION OF HON. KRISTI NOEM

=======================================================================

                                HEARING

                               BEFORE THE

                              COMMITTEE ON
               HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS
                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS


                             FIRST SESSION

                               __________

            NOMINATION OF HON. KRISTI NOEM TO BE SECRETARY,
                  U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

                               __________

                            JANUARY 17, 2025

        Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.govinfo.gov

                       Printed for the use of the
        Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
        
        
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                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
58-506 PDF                  WASHINGTON : 2025                  
          
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        COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS

                     RAND PAUL, Kentucky, Chairman
RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin               GARY C. PETERS, Michigan
JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma             MAGGIE HASSAN, New Hampshire
RICK SCOTT, Florida                  RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut
JOSH HAWLEY, Missouri                JOHN FETTERMAN, Pennsylvania
BERNIE MORENO, Ohio                  ANDY KIM, New Jersey
JONI ERNST, Iowa                     RUBEN GALLEGO, Arizona
TIM SCOTT, South Carolina            ELISSA SLOTKIN, Michigan

                William E. Henderson III, Staff Director
     Christina N. Salazar, Deputy Staff Director and Chief Counsel
                       Andrew J. Hopkins, Counsel
           Megan M. Krynen, Senior Professional Staff Member
               David M. Weinberg, Minority Staff Director
     Christpher J. Mulkins, Minority Director of Homeland Security
              Claudine J. Brenner, Minority Senior Counsel
        Benjamin J. Shubert, Minority Professional Staff Member
             Julian C. Trevino, Minority Research Assistant
                     Laura W. Kilbride, Chief Clerk
                   Ashley A. Gonzalez, Hearing Clerk

                            C O N T E N T S

                                 ------                                
Opening statements:
                                                                   Page
    Senator Paul.................................................     1
    Senator Peters...............................................     2
    Senator Thune................................................     4
    Senator Cramer...............................................     5
    Senator Scott................................................    13
    Senator Hassan...............................................    16
    Senator Hawley...............................................    19
    Senator Blumenthal...........................................    22
    Senator Ernst................................................    24
    Senator Kim..................................................    27
    Senator Johnson..............................................    29
    Senator Gallego..............................................    33
    Senator Moreno...............................................    35
    Senator Slotkin..............................................    38
    Senator Lankford.............................................    40
Prepared statements:
    Senator Peters...............................................    53

                               WITNESSES
                        Friday, January 17, 2025

Honorable Kristi Noem, to be Secretary, U.S. Department of 
  Homeland Security
    Testimony....................................................     7
    Prepared statement...........................................    55
    Biographical and professional information....................    59
    Letter from U.S. Office of Government Ethics.................   129
    Responses to pre-hearing questions...........................   133
    Responses to post-hearing questions..........................   176
    Letters of support...........................................   191
    Letters of opposition........................................   204

                                APPENDIX

Senator Ernst picture............................................   207
Senator Hawley's picture.........................................   208
GLAAD Statement submitted for the Record.........................   209
SPLC Statement submitted for the Record..........................   212

 
                             NOMINATION OF                           
                            HON. KRISTI NOEM

                              ----------                              


                        FRIDAY, JANUARY 17, 2025

                                     U.S. Senate,  
                           Committee on Homeland Security  
                                  and Governmental Affairs,
                                                    Washington, DC.
    The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 9:01 a.m., in 
room SD-342, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Rand Paul, 
Chair of the Committee, presiding.
    Present: Senators Paul [presiding], Johnson, Lankford, Rick 
Scott, Hawley, Moreno, Ernst, Peters, Hassan, Blumenthal, Kim, 
Gallego, and Slotkin.
    Also present: Senators Thune and Cramer.

               OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR PAUL

    Chairman Paul. The hearing to consider the nomination of 
Kristi Noem to be Secretary of the Department of Homeland 
Security (DHS) will now come to order
    The Department of Homeland Security, with 260,000 employees 
and nearly 20 distinct components, epitomizes in many ways 
unchecked power. Its vast responsibilities from border 
security, and disaster response, to counter-terrorism, and 
cybersecurity, demand rigorous scrutiny to ensure that they are 
executed within the bounds of the Constitution and with respect 
to the freedoms of the American people.
    Nearly two years ago, when I became the Ranking Member of 
this Committee, my team sought to understand the extent of this 
bureaucratic labyrinth. We asked DHS for a comprehensive list 
of collaborative entities it participates in, task forces, 
advisory boards, coalitions, commissions, and the like.
    The response was astonishingly opaque. They stated there is 
not a single comprehensive list to address all the 
collaborative relationships that the department and its 
components engage in. In other words, we do so much stuff and 
we are so big, we cannot describe it for you. But if we cannot 
describe what we have, we got a problem.
    In plain language, DHS had really no idea. Think about it. 
An agency commanding over $110 billion annually cannot account 
for its own activities. This is not just bureaucratic 
incompetence. It's emblematic of a deeper issue; an agency 
unsure of its own boundaries and commitments. How can an agency 
fulfill its mission or earn the American people's trust if it 
does not even know the extent of its own operations?
    But the problems do not stop there. Instead of focusing on 
critical threats like securing the Southwest border, DHS has 
shifted its gaze inward targeting law abiding Americans. DHS 
under the Biden Administration has often used its vast powers 
to target Americans exercising their constitutional rights. 
It's become an agency more focused on policing speech, 
monitoring social media, and labeling political dissent as 
domestic terrorism than addressing genuine security threats.
    While cartels traffic people and fentanyl across an 
unguarded border, DHS has spent its time and resources creating 
partisan disinformation boards, spying on Americans through 
invasive surveillance technologies. The mission drift is 
dangerous. Every dollar spent monitoring law abiding citizens 
is a dollar not spent securing the homeland. Every moment spent 
targeting political opponents is a moment not addressing real 
threats like border security, cyberattacks, or the rising 
influence of adversarial nation-states.
    The priorities of DHS have been deeply distorted, and the 
American people are paying the price. What about DHS's response 
to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), arguably one of the 
greatest threats to Homeland Security. The answer is clear. 
Nothing. They knew nothing of the origins. They did not study 
the issue, and they had no information about gain-of-function 
(GOF) research.
    We have seen firsthand how unchecked government overreach 
leads to waste, fraud, and abuse. We cannot let DHS become yet 
another agency that operates behind a veil of secrecy. The 
American people deserve transparency, accountability, and 
leadership that puts national security and liberty hand-in-
hand, not at odds with each other.
    Today, we gather to consider the nomination of Governor 
Kristi Noem to serve as the Secretary of Department of Homeland 
Security. I hope this hearing will set the tone for this 
Committee's work in the new Congress to restore transparency 
and accountability to an Executive Branch that has grown 
unchecked.
    Governor Noem, if confirmed, you will lead an agency that 
has lost its way. Your record as Governor of South Dakota, and 
a former Member of Congress demonstrates your willingness to 
make difficult decisions in the face of significant political 
pressure, and to put the interest of the American people first. 
You have the opportunity today to address how your background 
and vision will translate to leading one of the most critical 
and scrutinized departments in the Federal Government.
    This is the first of many consequential moments for this 
Committee. As we renew our commitment to the constitutional 
oversight role that Congress must assert. I have no doubt that 
the nominees we will consider in the coming weeks and months 
will be up for the challenge.
    Governor Noem, thank you for your willingness to serve, and 
I yield to the Ranking Member for his opening remarks.

             OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR PETERS\1\

    Senator Peters. Thank you, Chair Paul, Governor Noem, it's 
great to see you here today. I want to first thank you for 
making yourself available not only to the entire Committee, but 
the discussions that we had in my office, going perhaps a 
little more in depth in the issues than is possible in a 
hearing like this. Having that open and frank conversation is 
something that I appreciate. I also appreciate your willingness 
to spend time with Committee staff as we conduct our due 
diligence and review of your qualifications and a background to 
serve as Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security.
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    \1\ The prepared statement of Senator Peters appears in the 
Appendix on page 53.
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    As our third largest Federal agency with more than 240,000 
employees and an operating budget of more than $100 billion, 
the Department of Homeland Security requires strong, stable, 
and principled leadership. Our nation faces serious threats and 
security challenges from securing our borders, and combating 
terrorism, to preventing cyberattacks, and responding to our 
nation's increasing number of natural disasters. DHS is the 
first line of defense in all of those areas.
    I appreciated the conversations we had at today's hearing 
where we discussed the importance of ensuring that our nation's 
borders are safe and secure. While we must address the 
significant challenges we face on the Southern border, we also 
need to ensure that there are sufficient resources to secure 
our Northern border, something I know you are very familiar 
with as the Governor of your State, including building out our 
Northern Border Mission Center. This is especially important in 
my home State of Michigan, which has two of the nation's 
busiest border crossings, and we are going to be adding another 
span shortly, the Gordie Howe International Bridge, which will 
open later this year.
    To facilitate the lawful trade and travel of through those 
ports of entry (POE) that are absolutely critical to our 
economy, I have worked on legislation to hire additional U.S. 
Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers to meet increased 
staffing demands. We must secure our borders, but we also know 
it is well time passed to streamline our immigration and our 
asylum process as well.
    In addition to border security, DHS is responsible for 
addressing many threats that face our Nation. Just a few weeks 
ago, unfortunately, Americans were shocked to see two horrific 
incidents in New Orleans and Las Vegas. A deadly reminder that 
terrorism and radicalization remain very real and ongoing 
threats to our homeland. In my role on this Committee, I have 
made combating foreign and domestic terrorism, as well as 
extremism a top priority.
    In this complex environment, it is essential that DHS 
continue to focus on all terrorism threats, track, and report 
data to Congress and to the American people, and coordinate 
between all components to ensure the department is effectively 
addressing all types of terrorist threats. We have also seen 
the persistent cyberattacks are still a very serious threat. In 
fact, an increasing threat. A recent attack from Chinese-based 
hackers infiltrated the Treasury Department on top of ongoing 
Salt Typhoon hack that comprised numerous U.S. 
telecommunications companies.
    There's no question that DHS must continue to lead the way 
in protecting our networks from foreign adversaries, cyber 
criminals, and so-called hacktivists to prevent cyberattacks 
from becoming increasingly devastating to our security as well 
as to our economy.
    Finally, the Department of Federal Emergency Management 
Agency (FEMA) must continue to work hard to address the 
increasing number of natural disasters affecting our 
communities as a result of climate change from violent storms 
like hurricanes that brought destruction to States across the 
south, to the devastating wildfires in California, and 
countless other severe storms and flooding events all across 
our country.
    We need leadership at the Department that will ensure our 
nation effectively responds to communities when disaster 
strikes them. The safety and security of our nation and the 
American people depend on the department's ability to 
effectively address these wide-ranging threats.
    Governor Noem, thank you, again, for your willingness to 
serve in this incredibly important position. Thank you for 
being here today. I look forward to having a comprehensive 
discussion about how you intend to lead this critical 
department through a series of national security challenges, if 
indeed you are confirmed.
    Chairman Paul. This morning, Governor Noem will be 
introduced by Majority Leader John Thune, and Senator Kevin 
Cramer. Senator Thune, you are recognized.

               OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR THUNE

    Senator Thune. Thank you, Mr. Chair, and Ranking Member 
Peters, and Members of the Committee. I am very pleased to be 
able to be here today to introduce South Dakota's outstanding 
Governor who has been nominated by President Trump to serve as 
a Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security.
    I have known Kristi Noem for a long time. She has a very 
compelling personal and family story, which inspired her 
entrance into the public arena, and I am sure you will hear a 
little bit more about that from her. But I have observed as she 
has gone through the State legislature as a leader there, State 
House of Representatives, the U.S. House of Representatives, 
where she was our only member from South Dakota representing 
our State's interests there for eight years, and now currently 
South Dakota's Governor.
    I think she brings to this job a number of things that are 
going to be really essential, and one is obviously a skillset 
when it comes to managing hard problems. She led our State 
through the pandemic, managed what were extraordinary 
circumstances all across this country in a way that made South 
Dakota, frankly, a magnet for people from other States who are 
trying to flee or get away from some of the heavy-handed 
requirements that were imposed in other States around the 
country. Our State stayed an open State, free, and that was 
largely due to her leadership.
    I would say, too, as we tackle what is an enormously 
complicated and hard issue, which is our Southern border. It's 
going to require a skillset, which I believe she possesses. 
It's going to require a tremendous amount of persistence and 
determination which I think she has an enormous amount of 
energy, which she has an abundance. Frankly, what I would say 
is just absolute toughness. It's going to take some tough and 
hard leadership to get things back in order.
    I want to refer to something she said in her State of the 
State address earlier this week to South Dakotans. That over 
the past four years, we have seen a complete disregard for the 
security of our borders and the safety of the American people, 
to say nothing for the rule of law. Chaos at our Southern 
borderer under the Biden Administration's left our country 
vulnerable to a whole host of security concerns, from terrorist 
entries to cross border criminal activity like drug 
trafficking.
    I think it's well-documented, and I think it's high time 
that it gets fixed. We have somebody nominated by the President 
that I believe has the capabilities, the qualities, the 
experience, and again, frankly, the determination and toughness 
to solve what is a very tough issue, one which is desperately 
in need of solutions.
    I am pleased to be able to be here today to introduce our 
great Governor, and to thank you for her consideration. I look 
forward to this Committee acting on her nomination, and I look 
forward to voting for her on the floor of the U.S. Senate to be 
the next Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security.
    Thank you, Mr. Chair.
    Chairman Paul. Senator Cramer?

              OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR CRAMER

    Senator Cramer. Thank you, Chairman Paul, Ranking Member 
Peters, and colleagues.
    Once again, I find myself in full agreement with the 
Majority leader. It's a good place to be in our business. This 
is a very special opportunity for me. First thing I want to do 
is thank nearly all of you. I got into almost every one of your 
offices with Kristi as her very amateurish sitting Senator 
Sherpa.
    The blessing for me was not only to be with my good friend 
and former colleague, but to learn a lot about this Committee 
that I am not on, and to get an inside view. Gary, especially 
learning how we can work together at the Northern border, and 
how similar, although very different, Michigan and North Dakota 
are. So, thank you for your hospitality. You were all very kind 
to Kristi and to me.
    But Kristi is a former colleague. When you are the only 
member of a body of 435 from an entire State, it's really 
important to have friends. So, together, Kristi and I were two 
out of 435. If we could get Montana, Wyoming, and Alaska, there 
would be five of us that could take on the fight. But I know 
this, I remember our very first year, my first year, it was not 
hers. My first year in the House, the unthinkable happened, and 
the House of Representatives failed to pass a Farm Bill.
    All I can tell you was the least secure homeland person in 
America was the speaker of the House and the Majority leader. 
The next day when Kristi and I doubled-up and eventually we got 
a Farm Bill done, I say that because we are living at a time, 
and Senator Peters you used the words, ``Strong, stable, and 
principled.'' I cannot think of three better words to describe 
Kristi Noem than those three words.
    I would add this. I am not surprised that President Trump 
turned to Governor Noem. Securing the homeland is the No. 1 
priority. Our No. 1 priority, our No. 1 constitutional priority 
as a Congress. It is for sure the No. 1 priority of the voters 
in the last election. It is the No. 1 priority for President 
Donald Trump.
    Naturally, he would say, ``Who is the toughest, smartest, 
most capable protector that I know? I think I would like to 
find a ranch woman, mom, grandmother, who knows how to protect 
her own.'' When you grow up on a ranch in the prairies or the 
West, nobody else is going to look out for your critters, no 
one else is protecting your family. You do it.
    She brings this skillset, as Senator Thune said, as a 
leader, as a legislator, as a Member of Congress, as a 
Governor. A very important--by the way, when I would get into 
the room with other Governors, Senator Hassan, I might as well 
have just left because I was now part of the club where I do 
not belong. But anyway, it was very rich because there's an 
alliance there that's really important. For me, it's just a 
really special opportunity to be able to be here with her, and 
to have had this time in your offices introducing her to you.
    But I want to wrap up because last night I received a very 
touching letter, unsolicited by either Kristi or me, from the 
tribal chairwoman from the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, which 
straddles North Dakota and South Dakota. They do not really 
care who wins the South Dakota State, North Dakota State 
football game, but they do care about their reservation.
    Chairwoman Alkire sent me this letter, Standing Rock is the 
home of Sitting Bull. In case you were wondering about the 
credentials of their ability to protect the homeland, I will 
just read a few words. ``On multiple occasions, Governor Noem 
has invited the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe to her table at the 
South Dakota State Capitol to enter into meaningful 
discussions.'' That's what I witnessed when she came to your 
offices.
    Janet writes, ``It is of great excitement and enthusiasm 
that our North Dakota Governor Doug Burgum, will be at the helm 
of the Department of Interior (DOI). My hopes remain high that 
you will feel the same about Governor Kristi Noem at the helm 
of the Department of Homeland Security.'' These two Governors 
understand the needs in Indian country, and what words like 
tribal sovereignty, jurisdiction, and consultation mean to the 
indigenous people. It speaks volumes to her leadership and to 
her character.''
    It's my honor to support her and turn it over to her. Thank 
you.
    Chairman Paul. Thank you for those great introductions. The 
Committee has also received several statements in support of 
Governor Noem's nomination, including a letter from 22 fellow 
Governors, the International Association of Firefighters, and 
six other organizations. Without objection, these letters of 
support will be made part of the hearing record.\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ The letters of support for Ms. Noem appears in the Appendix on 
page 191.
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    I know our Senators are going to have to go, but thank you 
for coming and doing those introductions.
    It's the practice of the Homeland Security and Governmental 
Affairs Committee (HSGAC) to swear in witnesses. Governor Noem, 
please stand and raise your right hand. Do you swear that the 
testimony you will give before this Committee will be the 
truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you, 
God?
    Ms. Noem. I do.
    Chairman Paul. Governor Noem, you are now recognized for 
your opening statement.

  TESTIMONY OF THE HONORABLE KRISTI NOEM,\1\ TO BE SECRETARY, 
                DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

    Ms. Noem. Thank you and good morning, Chairman Paul, 
Ranking Member Peters, and the distinguished Members of this 
Committee.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ The prepared statement of Ms. Noem appears in the Appendix on 
page 55.
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    I am honored to appear before all of you today as the 
nominee for the Secretary of Homeland Security. I want to thank 
President-elect Donald J. Trump for his confidence in my 
leadership, and the people of South Dakota for their fantastic 
support throughout my time in public service.
    I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to 
Senator Cramer. He has been an invaluable resource to me 
throughout this process and given me much wisdom, as well as 
insight into the thoughts and the procedures of the Senate and 
this body. I would also like to express my gratitude to Senator 
Thune, the Majority leader of this esteemed body. He's been an 
advisor to me for many years as well as a friend. I am so 
grateful for the generous support of these two men, and their 
willingness to be here this morning to speak on my behalf, and 
to introduce me to this Committee.
    Now, I am a wife and a mother, and a grandmother, a farmer, 
rancher, and business person. I have served in our State 
legislature, in Congress for eight years, and also a Governor. 
I have spent my entire life in rural America. I understand what 
it means to work hard every single day and to build a better 
future for your kids and for all of our communities. I come 
before you today with a deep sense of responsibility and a 
humility as the nominee to lead the Department of Homeland 
Security, and also a commitment to the more than 330 Americans 
who we will work together to help serve, and to keep safe and 
secure in their homes and in their communities.
    Now, before I proceed, I want to introduce to you my 
husband Bryon, who's here with me today. He is my constant 24/7 
reminder of our dedication to public service, and that it's not 
a solo effort or done alone. He has been a rock by my side, and 
I appreciate all of his love over so many years. I am grateful 
that he's here with me today.
    Now, securing our homeland is a serious, sacred trust that 
must be relentlessly pursued and can never be taken for 
granted. Being safe within our borders here in America is 
critical, and yet Americans feel less safe than they have felt 
in decades. For the first time in 30 years, more than 40 
percent of Americans are afraid to walk alone at night within a 
mile of their homes.
    President-elect Trump is going to change that. I have seen 
firsthand the challenges and the opportunities facing our great 
nation. In the 20 years since the Department of Homeland 
Security was formed, the nature of the threats to our homeland 
has grown and they have evolved. This department was created in 
response to the failures of the government that led to the 
September 11, 2011, terrorist attacks. That reality is not lost 
on me, especially in the wake of the recent terrorist attacks 
over New Years.
    Now, I have led South Dakota for the last six years with a 
focus every day on making our State safer, stronger, and freer. 
I focused every day on making the best decisions, not just for 
right now, but for generations to come. I have overseen a State 
budget of over $7 billion, and a State employee workforce of 
more than 13,000, including more than 7,000 that report 
directly to the Governor.
    I have addressed important issues like cybersecurity, human 
trafficking, drug interdiction, and also natural disasters, the 
same challenges that are facing so many of you and the people 
that you represent back home. I have secured our State and 
supported the rule of law. If confirmed as the eighth 
Secretary, that is the same approach that I will take to 
leading the Department of Homeland Security.
    As we face the evolving threats of the 21st century, the 
mission and the success of DHS is more critical than ever. We 
must be vigilant, and proactive, and innovative to protect the 
homeland. The challenges in front of us are extremely 
significant, and we must secure our borders against illegal 
trafficking and immigration. We must safeguard our critical 
infrastructure to make sure that we are protected against 
cyberattacks, respond to natural disasters, and also terrorism.
    I firmly believe that we can meet those challenges head on 
with resolve innovation. We can use collaboration with Federal 
and with State partners. Senators, I want your input. Border 
security must remain a top priority. As a Nation, we have the 
right and the responsibility to secure our borders against 
those who would do us harm. We must create a fair and a lawful 
immigration system that is efficient, and is effective, and 
that reflects our values.
    President Trump was elected with a clear mandate. He needs 
to achieve this mission because two-thirds of Americans support 
his immigration and border policies, including the majority of 
Hispanic Americans. I was the first Governor to send National 
Guard troops to our Southern border when Texas asked for help 
and when they were being overwhelmed by an unprecedented border 
crisis. If confirmed as Secretary, I will ensure that our 
exceptional, extraordinary border patrol agents have all the 
tools, and resources, and support that they need to carry out 
their mission effectively.
    The same is true of my commitment to the outstanding men 
and women of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement 
(ICE). They are responsible for apprehending, detaining, and 
deporting illegal immigrants. Getting criminal aliens off of 
our streets and out of the country will help American 
communities be safer again. The bravery and the dedication of 
the Border Patrol and ICE are unmatched, and I will restore 
dignity to their work.
    The rising threat of cyberattacks also demands our utmost 
attention, and our critical infrastructure from energy grids to 
financial institutions is under constant attack by foreign 
adversaries and criminal actors. As Secretary, I will 
prioritize a comprehensive whole-of-government approach to 
cybersecurity.
    In fact, in the coming days, we have to plan bigger, and 
think faster and smarter. I fully acknowledge that people in 
Washington, DC do not have all of the answers, and therefore, I 
will leverage private-public partnerships, I will advance 
cutting edge state-of-the-art technologies to protect our 
nation's digital landscape, and I will have a proven track 
record of doing this in South Dakota to back me up. I have 
helped make Dakota State University (DSU) a global leader in 
cybersecurity education because we recognize the need to 
address this merging threat. I will take a proactive approach, 
if given the opportunity, to serve as Secretary.
    Now, President-elect Trump has been a tremendous friend to 
law enforcement over the years, and I will do the same in my 
role as Secretary. As Governor, I have worked closely with law 
enforcement to make South Dakota safer. I have overseen 
hundreds of State troopers in the South Dakota Highway Patrol, 
and on several occasions, I have convened groups of law 
enforcement from across our State to address policies that will 
make our people safer.
    In fact, while some in this country were attacking law 
enforcement and defunding them, we took the opposite approach. 
In South Dakota, we recruited law enforcement officers to move 
to South Dakota, a State that respects their service and their 
sacrifice, and we revamped our law enforcement training to 
provide the first ever State-led, tribal-focused law 
enforcement training academy. I am very proud of the work that 
we have done in cooperation with our tribes to help make their 
communities more safe.
    We must remain vigilant against terrorism and against 
others who wish to do us harm to our country and to our great 
people. I will ensure that our intelligence and our law 
enforcement agencies are working together hand-in-hand, that 
they are fully equipped to detect, prevent, and respond to 
threats from radical ideologies and foreign adversaries. This 
requires resources, coordination, and collaboration across all 
levels of government. Once again, I will seek your wisdom, and 
I will seek your input into the months ahead for the sake of 
the people that we both represent. We have to get this right.
    Now, I recognize that homeland security isn't just about 
prevention, but it's also about resilience. When disasters 
strike, as we know, they will, the Department of Homeland 
Security must be ready to respond swiftly, efficiently, and 
effectively to protect the lives and the property of Americans.
    As Governor, I have worked with FEMA in response to a dozen 
natural disasters in South Dakota. These have included historic 
floods, tornadoes, blizzards, wildfires, a derecho, and even a 
global pandemic. As Secretary, I will enhance our emergency 
preparedness, and strengthen FEMA's capabilities, and we will 
ensure that no community is left behind, and that lifesaving 
services like electricity and water are quickly restored.
    As Secretary, I will oversee the U.S. Secret Service 
(USSS), an agency that is in serious need of reforms. We all 
saw the threats to President-elect Trump last year, and the 
consequences of failure. Now, that should never happen again. I 
have worked closely with my own gubernatorial protective 
detail, and I am familiar with what works and what does not 
work, and I will bring that experience toward strengthening the 
Secret Service.
    Once again, I am committed to working with this Committee, 
with Congress, and with the dedicated men and women of the 
Department of Homeland Security to fulfill our mission. 
Together, we can ensure that the United States remains a beacon 
of freedom, safety, and security for generations to come.
    Thank you for the opportunity and the honor to appear 
before you today. Thank you for the meetings and the time that 
you took in your office to discuss the Department and what we 
can do in the future to make the American homeland much more 
secure. I look forward to your questions, and I hope to earn 
your trust, and hopefully, also your vote as we embark on this 
critical work together.
    With that, Mr. Chair, I yield back.
    Chairman Paul. Thank you, Governor Noem. We will now 
proceed to questions. Each Member will have seven minutes. We 
will have a vote that will start at 10:00 a.m., but we are 
going to continue the hearing, and keep people in line as you 
come and go to vote. We will keep the hearing moving. I want to 
be clear from the outset that we will not tolerate any 
disruptions. The Capitol Police have been asked to escort 
anyone immediately from the room if they disrupt the hearing.
    This is a standard question, Governor Noem, that we ask of 
all nominees. Governor Noem, do you agree without reservation 
to comply with any request or summons to appear and testify 
before any duly constituted committee of Congress, if you are 
confirmed?
    Ms. Noem. Yes, Mr. Chair.
    Chairman Paul. I am going to reserve the rest of my time 
for my questions and go to Senator Peters.
    Senator Peters. Thank you, Mr. Chair.
    Governor Noem, the DHS Secretary has many competing 
priorities, as you well know, and you outlined certainly in 
your opening comments; from our borders, to wildfires, to 
cyberattacks. But as you and I discussed in length, and I 
appreciate you bringing in up in your opening comments as well, 
we do have a Northern border in addition to a Southern border.
    It's absolutely essential that the DHS has the resources 
necessary at the Northern border to carry out its mission both 
between ports of entry and all along the border. In fact, we 
have seen an increase in unauthorized crossings in recent years 
at the Northern border.
    My question for you is, if confirmed, do you commit to 
ensuring along with the Southern border, that the Northern 
border is sufficiently staffed to maintain its security and 
robust trade between the United States and its neighbors, 
including at the Gordie Howe International Bridge in my home 
State of Michigan have the resources they need to facilitate 
trade while keeping Americans safe?
    Ms. Noem. Yes, Senator Peters. You and I talked about this 
in your office, and also with Senator Slotkin as well, how 
important it is to continue to remain focused on our Northern 
border, and all borders and ports of entry that the United 
States has.
    I think there's been some universal concern from some of 
the Committee Members that as we focus on the Southern border 
and what we are seeing as far as the invasion there and the 
amount of people crossing, that the Northern border would lose 
focus. But that that will not happen, and we will ensure that 
our borders are secure and we are addressing all threats that 
may come in from any direction. Also, with the bridge as well 
and staffing up on that as well. I have assured Senator Slotkin 
as well, that our focus is there to make sure that it is 
staffed appropriately.
    Senator Peters. Very good. As we discussed, the Department 
is diligently working to stand up the Northern Border Mission 
Center at Selfridge Air National Guard Base in Michigan, 
following the authorization and funding that I was able to 
secure in the last Congress. This center is critical to 
supporting the Department's Northern Border Security missions 
and addressing evolving threats.
    Quick question, if confirmed, do you commit to working with 
me to fully build out the Northern Border Mission Center?
    Ms. Noem. Yes, Senator. We will look forward, and I look 
forward to working with you to ensure that that is a priority, 
and that it's adequately resourced, and working with Congress 
and Senators to make sure that we have what we need to make 
sure that that mission for that base is fully fulfilled.
    Senator Peters. Great. Thank you. On New Year's, we 
witnessed two incidents that reminded us that terrorism and 
extremism remain serious threats to all Americans. Both DHS and 
the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) have consistently 
said that the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) most 
persistent threat to the homeland is from U.S.-based 
individuals or small groups, radicalized by a variety of 
ideologies, from white supremacy, to ISIS, to al-Qaeda. We must 
certainly continue to focus on people who are radicalized here 
in the United States with the intent of terrorizing our 
communities.
    My question for you, ma'am, is how do you plan to address 
this threat of U.S.-based terrorist?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, that this is a grave concern for our 
country, as we all agree that the No. 1 threat to our homeland 
security is our Southern border. In fact, since Joe Biden has 
been President, we have seen 382 individuals that have come 
over that border that are on the terrorist watch list.
    Behind me, I have the Governor of Louisiana with me. And 
he, and his State, and people in this country went through a 
horrific event on New Year's Day, and one that we never want to 
see repeated again. But this Governor behind me is concerned 
also about an upcoming event, which is the Super Bowl coming 
shortly, which we need to do all that we can to work together, 
that he has the reassurance that the Federal Government, that 
the Department of Homeland Security is prepared to help him 
protect that event and to keep people safe while they are 
there.
    Those 382 individuals are known terrorists that have come 
over our border. We do not know necessarily where they are 
because of what has been happening under Joe Biden's policies. 
Now, President Trump, obviously, won the last election with a 
clear mandate, and that mandate is for the American people to 
secure that border. But also, we need to focus on domestic 
terrorism and homegrown terrorism, which you just referenced in 
your question.
    Homegrown terrorism is on the rise. We see more and more 
incidents of people that are U.S. citizens that have become 
radicalized. Knowing when people are leaving the country and 
coming back, and changes to their behaviors and what their 
actions are is critically important.
    The resources that the Department of Homeland Security has 
needs to be utilized as far as identifying those threats and 
being proactive to prevent them, but also protecting civil 
rights and liberties in that process, and making sure that the 
Department is on mission to do what it was called to do, why it 
was created, and what authorities that Congress and the Senate 
has given them.
    My hope is that Governor Landry, and his staff, and his 
people, and the people that attend the Super Bowl know that the 
Department of Homeland Security is their partner, is on watch 
to protect them and to keep that event safe. I hope all 
Americans know that leadership has consequences. I hope that we 
can get through and get your support for this nomination, and 
get confirmed quickly so that we can address the threats that 
we currently face, and make sure we do not have any repeats of 
the day that we saw just starting this year on New Year's Day.
    Senator Peters. In the last two years, we have seen 
increasingly, aggressive and expansive cyberattacks against our 
Federal agencies. Just last month, Chinese hackers infiltrated 
the Department of Treasury and stole potentially thousands of 
unclassified documents. Given these concerning trends by the 
People's Republic of China (PRC) to hold our Federal networks 
hostage, do you believe that Federal agencies should be 
required to implement cybersecurity upgrades, and maintain the 
highest cybersecurity standards to protect sensitive or 
classified data and U.S. citizens information as well?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, the mission of the Cybersecurity and 
Infrastructure Agency (CISA), the mission of it is to hunt and 
harden. It's to find those bad actors and help work with local 
and State infrastructure, critical infrastructure entities so 
that they can help them be prepared for such cyberattacks, and 
that they can make sure that they are hardening their systems 
to protect them in the future, recognizing the vulnerabilities 
that they.
    But this have gotten far off-mission. They are using their 
resources in ways that was never intended. The misinformation, 
and disinformation that they have stuck their toe into and 
meddled with should be refocused back onto what their job is; 
and that is to support critical infrastructure, and to help our 
local and small businesses and critical infrastructure at the 
State level to have the resources and be prepared for those 
cyberattacks that they will face.
    Salt Typhoon was a campaign of espionage by the PRC in 
China against our telecoms, where large amount of data was 
stolen and taken, and people's private information was taken as 
well. We have also seen China and the PRC go after our critical 
infrastructure with the Volt Typhoon hack. That was extremely 
dangerous because there was no reason for them to do that, just 
to steal people's data and information. The reason for them to 
go after that was to control our critical infrastructure for 
the ability to see if they could shut down a water plant, a 
utility company, and that was to cripple our country.
    These threats are real. CISA needs to be much more 
effective, smaller, more nimble to really fulfill their 
mission, which is to hunt and to help harden our nation's 
critical infrastructure.
    Senator Peters. Thank you.
    Chairman Paul. Thank you. Senator Scott.

               OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR SCOTT

    Senator Scott. Governor Noem, congratulations on your 
nomination.
    Ms. Noem. Thank you.
    Senator Scott. I think you are going to do a great job.
    Ms. Noem. Thank you.
    Senator Scott. I think it's great that you are a Governor 
and you bring that expertise to the table. I just went through 
the campaign to get reelected and it was after the Butler 
shooting. I had asked people, I said it in all my events, 
``Raise your hand if you think the acting director of the 
Secret Service is going to tell us what happened.'' Not one 
person. I said, ``What about Secretary Mayorkas? You know, he's 
running Homeland Security. What do you think?'' I said, ``How 
about Christopher Wray, head of the FBI?'' Not one person.
    Can you just talk about in the importance of transparency 
and accountability in government, and how you are going to 
bring that to the table?
    Ms. Noem. Yes. Senator Scott, thank you for that question, 
because that's what I have found across the country as well, 
and I know it's certainly true in my home State of South 
Dakota. Is that people do not trust the Federal Government. 
They do not trust our leadership and this current 
administration that's in the White House right now to tell them 
the truth. To tell them the truth about what the threats really 
are about our agencies and departments when there are failures, 
addressing them and fixing it.
    The Secret Service, is one of those perfect examples. They 
need leadership that understands why that Secret Service was 
created and what it needs to do. There's two elements really 
that the Secret Service is tasked with, and that is protective 
detail, and then also investigations. Yet we see investigators 
within the Secret Service out there investigating antiquities 
and other things that are off-mission when they should be 
focused on making sure we are addressing national security 
events with the protocols that are necessary, and protecting 
the individuals that they are charged with, and getting that 
skill set and training that are necessary that's been 
compromised by not having enough people there, and being 
adequately staffed and resourced.
    But frankly, the leadership has not been honest about 
talking about it. We saw this with the drones over New Jersey 
as well, the Federal Government not answering the questions 
from the public. When they finally got a straight answer out of 
President Trump, they felt reassured that somebody recognized 
that this was something they were questioning and that they 
deserved answers.
    My goal and my mission is to build trust. We will undertake 
a large job and a large duty that we have to fulfill, that the 
American people expect us to do by securing our border to make 
sure that our nation is a nation with borders, or we are no 
nation at all. That we are making sure that those criminal 
actors that are perpetuating violence in our communities, and 
in our cities, and towns and States are removed from this 
country, that there's consequences for breaking the law in our 
country.
    Again, there has to be consequence, because when Americans 
break the law, there's consequences. Why would we ever allow 
someone to come in from another country, and not have 
consequences? Or allow them to continue to go forward and to 
commit rape, and murders, and break other laws that endanger 
our society?
    We have had over 13,000 murderers that are loose in this 
country that have come over that border. We have had almost 
16,000 rapists and sexual assault perpetuators that are loose 
in this country right now. 425,000-plus people have criminal 
convictions that are here illegally in this country that our 
current administration's doing nothing to round them up and get 
them out of our country.
    We will be doing that immediately, and that will be the 
priority. That is one of the reasons that, today, the American 
people have lost their trust. President Trump will build it 
back, and know that their Federal Government is accountable to 
them, and is working to put America first, again.
    Senator Scott. Joe Biden completely opened our Southern 
border and dismantled our entire immigration system. As a 
former Governor, I know that when the Federal Government 
policies are broken and failing Americans, you see the impacts 
in your State, just like I did when I was a Governor. You take 
the steps necessary to protect the families in your State. I 
know you have done that.
    One thing you did is, you talked about before, you sent 
troops, our National Guard to the Southern border. Can you talk 
more about how Biden's open border policy has affected your 
State and communities, and the role your State resources placed 
in helping secure the border?
    Ms. Noem. We certainly have seen the effects in South 
Dakota that many of your States did. I would say every State 
has seen the effects of an open border and the policies that 
have been under the Biden Administration. We saw increased 
crime, but we also saw increased drug activity. We saw cartels 
and their affiliates moving into our State to proliferate 
trafficking, and we saw people being victimized and a lack of 
accountability with the Federal Government.
    When Texas was addressing the situation and asked other 
Governors for help, we sent help. I know many of the other 
Governors at the time were sending law enforcement. But I made 
the decision that, at that time, it was more appropriate to 
send the National Guard. That our National Guard could be 
activated under Title 32 and sent to assist another State from 
the invasion that was happening.
    Because the National Guard is trained for just such a 
mission, because of this invasion that it is a war zone down 
there with what they are going to see, the threats that they 
would see, and that they are trained specifically to interact 
with other agencies. The National Guard is used to falling in 
with other agencies and cooperating with them, and could do 
that seamlessly. Their families and their communities are 
normalized to them being deployed.
    We have in South Dakota, deployed our National Guard to the 
Southern border eight different times. Two of them were Federal 
deployments that the Biden Administration sent them down there. 
One was to send our Lakota helicopters, which were used for 
surveillance in the drug interdiction that was going on down 
there. But six other times, I sent them under State activation 
to partner with Texas and other States in securing our Southern 
border.
    They did security operations, they also did building of the 
wall, and partnered with Texas recognizing the failures of the 
Federal Government. The failures of the Federal Government are 
significant. We have seen our families and communities 
devastated by those effects; by the drug epidemic, by the 
trafficking that's going on, the increased crime.
    We recognized that just because the Federal Government was 
not doing their job, we could not fail our State, and I needed 
to protect the people of South Dakota. The people of South 
Dakota were overwhelmingly supportive of these deployments and 
very proud of our National Guard.
    Senator Scott. When I was Governor of Florida, there was a 
terrorist hack in Paris by Syrian refugees. President Obama was 
President, and I said I would like to know if you are going to 
send refugees to my State, that you give us some background on 
them. I assume you vetted them and tell us what's going on. You 
have to tell me, but you ought to tell our State law 
enforcement and our local law enforcement. That they said, go 
jump in the lake. They had meaner than that, but they said, you 
have no rights as a Governor, which had made no sense.
    We had over 70,000 people come here after Afghanistan on 
planes into this country, completely unvetted. Right? They have 
never given our Governors any information. Would you change 
that?
    Ms. Noem. Yes. The communication between States and the 
Federal Government has been absolutely broken. That's what I 
love about this Committee. Is you do have Governors sitting on 
this Committee that have been in that role as a commander-in-
chief, and have the responsibility for being the Chief 
Executive Officers (CEOs) of their State.
    It's a different perspective than serving. I served in 
Congress, too, and both are extremely important and they are 
just different in that responsibility that weighs on your 
shoulder. I often told folks that that is the thing that, that 
most times, if something was going to keep me up at night, it 
was the responsibility that I had being commander-in-chief, 
recognizing the decisions that I made. I am sure you had this 
feeling as well, Senator Scott, as Governor, that impacted 
those families, those soldiers and it impacted their 
communities when we pulled them out and the importance of that.
    When they were bringing refugees into the country, I as 
well communicated that to the Federal Government. They were 
bringing refugees, and I asked how they were vetted, how we 
were working with their home countries to find out who they 
really were, what their intentions were, and why they were 
coming to the United States and we received no information from 
this administration. That the vetting process was being done, 
that we knew where they were going. In fact, they kept us in 
the dark and did not communicate to us even what States and 
where those refugees were being placed.
    That is something that we need to change when we have 
programs that fall under the purview of the Department of 
Homeland Security. There needs to be communication, especially 
with the Governor, so that we can coordinate to ensure that 
it's the right thing for that State.
    Senator Scott. Thank you.
    Chairman Paul. Senator Hassan.

              OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR HASSAN

    Senator Hassan. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Welcome Governor 
Noem. Really appreciate you being here. Welcome to your family 
as well.
    Ms. Noem. Thank you.
    Senator Hassan. Families do share in this kind of public 
service, and we appreciate them very much.
    As we discussed at our meeting last month, as a former 
Governor, I appreciate the important responsibilities that 
Governors have to ensure the safety and security of their 
communities, including by managing public safety and emergency 
agencies.
    I will say that, in many ways, I agree with some of the 
things that Senator Scott just said about improving 
communication between the Department of Homeland Security and 
Governors around who is being sent to States. It's a critical 
issue, and something that I was frustrated by when I was 
Governor. I look forward to hearing more today about your 
priorities, if confirmed, about how your experience as Governor 
would help you run the Department of Homeland Security.
    Let me just start by following-up with a question that 
Senator Peters had also touched on. We have recently in New 
Hampshire seen a dramatic increase in unauthorized border 
crossings at the Northern border. When I was at the Northern 
border recently, law enforcement told me about the need for 
more personnel and resources. We still don't have cell phone 
coverage in a lot of the stretch of our Northern border. I have 
worked with Senator Cramer on bipartisan legislation to 
strengthen our Northern border strategy because it's clear more 
support is needed.
    Governor, if you are confirmed, would you deploy additional 
full-time personnel and upgrade equipment along the Northern 
border?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, I enjoyed our meeting that we had, and 
you identifying the Northern border issues that are going on, 
the lack of security and the lack of technologies that you 
really need to cover some of the landscapes that are there. 
Very different than the Southern border. Some just as equally 
challenging, but all need to be addressed.
    I definitely will be working with you to ensure that our 
Northern border is adequately resourced as well. We do have to 
have the resources in order to be successful. That's something 
I want to work with Congress, with the Senate and the House on 
to ensure that the resources are there to meet the challenges 
that we have.
    We have not fully utilized the technologies that are 
available that are necessary to really secure this country and 
to compete with those bad actors which wish to infiltrate our 
country. Having the ability to utilize them will make it make 
us much more safe. I will work with you, most definitely, in 
ensuring the Northern border is protected.
    Senator Hassan. I appreciate that. I just note, too, that 
at the same time, there's real concern in New Hampshire and all 
along the Northern border that we strengthen the border and 
have the resources we need. We also have a really strong 
economic relationship with our partner, our friends to the 
north, and a lot of family relationships. I think it's 
important that we are smart in the deployment of technology. We 
don't want to impede that flow of economy and people that's 
lawful, but we do want to make sure that we have the resources 
we need.
    I want to turn to the Southern border now at the Southern 
border. We need significant technological investments to 
support law enforcement personnel in their efforts to catch 
fentanyl smugglers, to stop human traffickers, and seize the 
cash and illegal guns that criminals traffic southward to the 
cartels. We talked about this a little bit.
    There's bipartisan support for these investments, and I 
have worked with colleagues, including Senators Lankford and 
Cornyn on legislation around these issues. Governor Noem, could 
you identify specific technological investments that you would 
make at the Southern border, and are you willing to work with 
me on increasing southbound inspections if you are confirmed?
    Ms. Noem. Yes, certainly, Senator. You have heard President 
Trump talk about the need to build a wall. The wall and 
infrastructure is critically important, but also at our 382 
legal ports of entry. We need to have technology so that flow 
can happen north and south, and it can happen in a legal manner 
to ensure that our commerce can continue to operate, and that 
we can continue to make sure that we are also secure.
    I think de minimis shipments are a concern, and the need to 
look at those and how traffickers and fentanyl distributors are 
using that. I think we also need to use scanners surveillance 
operations. There's new technologies out there to cooperate 
with satellites in some area where the topography does not 
necessarily facilitate having actual infrastructure.
    Also the ability to make sure that we are utilizing that 
technology that allows us to know what is going south that 
might be fueling some of the violence that ends up coming back 
north, and ensuring that we are stopping that before it has the 
chance to supply those cartel and bad actors that would come 
in.
    Senator Hassan. Yes. I really appreciate that because the 
southbound flow, particularly of cash and weapons, fuels the 
cartels and strengthens them and it's something that we really 
have to focus on. I also want to follow-up on the issue of 
cybersecurity. Recently, criminals launched a successful 
cyberattack on PowerSchool, a cloud-based record management 
system that contains personal information about tens of 
millions of kindergartners through high school seniors, 
including many students and teachers in New Hampshire.
    This cyberattack on PowerSchool comes as schools and local 
governments across the country have seen a surge in 
cyberattacks on their systems. When a small school of maybe 
1,000 students or so has to pay $2 million in ransom, I want 
you to think about what that does to one of our small 
communities.
    Governor Noem, if you are confirmed, how will you empower 
the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency to improve 
the cybersecurity of State and local governments in the United 
States?
    Ms. Noem. Absolutely. Thank you, Senator. If I am confirmed 
and have the opportunity to service as Secretary of this 
Department, I will be following the Constitution and the rule 
of law, and then getting these departments back on mission to 
why they were created and why they are existing.
    What CISA should be doing is helping those small entities, 
those schools, those local city governments, the State 
governments, and the small businesses that are critical 
infrastructure that do not have the resources to stay on top of 
the critical protections that they need to enact.
    Senator Hassan. Let me follow-up just quickly on that one 
point. It's something we discussed when we had our meeting. I 
worked with Senator Cornyn on a bipartisan bill. It became law 
that created a cybersecurity grant program for State and local 
governments. This is an addition to each State getting a cyber 
coordinator to help on the ground. We discussed this program, 
and I know you as Governor had some reservations about the 
structure of the program.
    But if confirmed, will you commit to working with Congress 
to adjust it? I would love your input about what gave you pause 
as Governor. I think there were only two Governors who did not 
participate in the program. I hope that as we work on the 
concerns you have, you would work with me to adjust and 
reauthorize the program.
    Ms. Noem. Yes. All grants within the Department will be 
evaluated when I come in and be looked at to see what we can do 
to make sure that they are actually fulfilling the mission to 
which they were established.
    What I would say about the cybersecurity grants, in South 
Dakota when I came in as Governor, one of my main priorities 
was to bring the next industry into the State. I determined 
that that would be technology and cybersecurity. In fact, we 
have Dakota State University in our State, which is a 
cybersecurity national leader in training those cyber warriors 
that we need to protect us and keep us safe. I have since then 
partnered to grow and double the size of that school. We train 
a lot of National Security Agency (NSA) employees in South 
Dakota.
    And so, understanding cybersecurity and my experience in 
that, I think, is critically important to the Department and 
bringing it to the table to do this. You talked about why we 
did not take that cybersecurity grant in South Dakota, and it's 
because the requirements of that grant would have caused me to 
grow my State government. The administration costs of it would 
have been much more than what had been able to facilitate at 
the local level. Our State was already proactively helping 
these individuals that needed the resources to secure their 
systems.
    Senator Hassan. I appreciate that. I am way over time. 
There were very few requirements purposely in that grant 
program, other than to make sure the money was being spent the 
way we authorized. But let's continue to talk about that. Thank 
you.
    Ms. Noem. Thank you.
    Chairman Paul. Senator Hawley.

              OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR HAWLEY

    Senator Hawley. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Governor Noem, 
welcome. Congratulations on your nomination. I am delighted to 
see you here. I do notice the Chairman of the Ways and Means 
Committee is over your shoulder there. I would have to question 
your judgment about who your friends are based on that. The 
great chairman from the State of Missouri. It's fantastic to 
have you here.
    The Department of Homeland Security is not particularly 
old, but you already have what I hope will soon be the 
distinction of succeeding the worst secretary in the history of 
the Department of Homeland Security. Alejandro Mayorkas has 
been an absolute disgrace to that department, and frankly to 
this country, and I am delighted to see you willing to step up 
and serve.
    Let me just ask you something. I repeatedly asked your 
predecessor when he sat where you are sitting, whether the 
Southern border was secure. He repeatedly told me under oath, 
``It is secure, Senator.'' He repeatedly said under oath, ``Our 
policies are working, Senator,'' meaning the Biden 
Administration policies that, of course, gave us this 
devastating open border. Let me just ask you, is the Southern 
border secure as we find it today?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, no. The Southern border is not secure 
today. But in just three days, we will have a new President in 
this country, President Donald J. Trump, and he will secure our 
border.
    Senator Hawley. That is refreshing candor. I am glad to 
hear it. Let me ask you about a young man from my State. This 
is Travis Wolfe,\1\ who's 12 years old when he was killed just 
over a year ago by an illegal migrant who mowed him down--and I 
choose my words carefully--mowed him down in a motor vehicle, 
hit him head on doing 75 on a 40, and killed him. Others were 
severely injured.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ The picture of Travis Wolfe appears in the Appendix on page 
208.
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    Just yesterday, a witness sitting where you are sitting 
today told this Committee that migrant crime is, ``Not an 
actual concern,'' not an actual concern, in a hearing before 
this Committee advising us to drop the Laken Riley Act and not 
focus on migrant crime.
    In my State, with the death of people like Travis Wolfe and 
Officer David Lee, who was assaulted and killed in St. Louis, 
and officers in Kansas City who have been assaulted by illegal 
migrants, and others who have been carjacked and stabbed, would 
you agree with me that migrant crime sure as heck is an actual 
concern and that you intend to do something about it?
    Ms. Noem. Yes, Senator, absolutely. I am so sorry about 
Travis, my prayers go out to his family. I can't even imagine 
what that is like. Thank you for telling his story, because 
there's so many families in this country that have that same 
story. They do not understand why the Federal Government is 
allowing people to come into this country illegally and then 
perpetuate crimes against their people, and then give them 
resources, and shelter, and food, and debit cards to go take 
care of their families when they go to work every single day to 
make sure that they are providing for their families and are 
held accountable to when they break our laws.
    Senator Hawley. Let me ask you this. Will you work with 
President Trump to reinstate the Remain in Mexico program that 
the President had in place in his first term, which does so 
much to ensure that those who would seek to abuse our asylum 
system are not allowed into the country. Those who have 
legitimate asylum claims, their claims are processed in due 
order and in due course, but they wait in Mexico until those 
claims are fully processed. Will you work to reinstate that 
program?
    Ms. Noem. Yes, Senator. The President and I have talked 
extensively about this, and will 100 percent partner with him 
to reinstate the Remain in Mexico policy and make sure that 
it's in place.
    Senator Hawley. Fantastic. I think Travis might be alive 
today if that policy had been in place. Let me ask you about 
CBP One. The phone app that I have called concierge service for 
illegal immigrants. I am sure you are familiar with it. This 
was the Biden Administration's effort to allow asylum seekers 
to apply ahead of time using their phones, but not actually to 
provide any evidence that they needed asylum.
    There was a newspaper report, a press report, that said the 
only problem with the app is it never asks users are you 
seeking asylum? They do not ask for any asylum evidence. They 
simply release these so-called asylum seekers who use the app 
into the country on parole. Sometimes they are never given a 
hearing.
    The Inspector General (IG) actually did a report, a full 
investigation report on CBP One, and found that frequently, 
users of this app were claiming the same addresses in the 
United States as their intended destination even though they 
did not know each other, they were not family connections. In 
other words, it has been completely abused. The idea that the 
Federal Government would pay for this kind of concierge service 
for illegals, I think, is outrageous. Will you end the use of 
the CBP One app?
    Ms. Noem. Yes, Senator. If confirmed, and I have the 
opportunity to be Secretary, on day one, CBP One will be shut 
down. There's data and information in there that we will 
preserve so that we can ensure we know who's coming into this 
country and who's already here that we need to go find. But 
also, we make sure that there's another program, Cuba-Haiti-
Nicaragua-Venezuela (CHNV), which I am sure you are very 
familiar with, where our Federal Government actually paid to 
fly people into this country directly from other countries 
without any vetting or knowing who they are.
    There's several of these programs that need to be 
eliminated, and we need to ensure that we are following legal 
immigration laws.
    Senator Hawley. I am glad you just mentioned CHNV. This is 
a mass parole program. Of course, as you know, our law allows 
parole in only very limited circumstances. There are two 
circumstances, and it requires case-by-case evaluation. The 
present administration, soon to be gone, has granted mass 
parole and in direct defiance of the law, not case-by-case 
evaluation. The CHNV program is one of those instances. Will 
you put a stop to this abuse of our parole law in our asylum 
system?
    Ms. Noem. Yes. We will go back to case-by-case evaluation 
of these parole cases and ensure that we have more resources, 
if you will partner with us, to make sure that our legal 
immigration system is fully utilized, that we have more judges, 
more immigration courts, so that we can process people legally 
and make sure that they are going through that process rather 
than the--well, like Joe Biden has done, use this as an excuse 
to allow people to come into our country with no consequences.
    Senator Hawley. Let me ask you about another lowlight. Not 
a highlight, but a lowlight of this last administration and 
DHS, your predecessor. The current Secretary of DHS established 
a disinformation board using taxpayer resources to police 
speech on the internet and elsewhere to tag American citizens' 
viewpoints as either legitimate or not legitimate, and use the 
power of the State to censor them, including having them 
removed and perhaps penalized.
    This has to be the darkest chapter, I think, in DHS's short 
history. He eventually withdrew the board under intense 
criticism, but has never fully repudiated it and never promised 
not to do it again. Will you pledge to us, here today, that 
under your leadership, there will never be a disinformation 
board or anything like it at DHS, and you will be a champion 
for the free speech and First Amendment rights of all 
Americans?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, there will not be a board such as that 
under my leadership at the Department of Homeland Security. 
Absolutely.
    Senator Hawley. Fantastic. Let me ask you in my remaining 
seconds just one more thing about the Secret Service. You have 
mentioned this, and I am so glad that you did. This Committee, 
and it has been bipartisan, this Committee has done bipartisan 
work on the attempted assassinations or the assassination 
attempts, I should perhaps say, of the former President, soon 
to be the President, President Trump.
    We were stymied at every turn, and I should use the present 
tense. We are currently being stymied at every turn by the 
current Secret Service leadership, and frankly, by the 
leadership of DHS who have refused to turn over documents, who 
refuse to make people available for interviews.
    We finally had to pass my own law in this Committee, which 
we unanimously adopted as law, a statute mind you, which would 
require DHS and Secret Service to turn over relevant 
information to us about the assassination attempts. It's 
unbelievable.
    When you come to this office, I hope very soon, will you 
pledge to us that you will open the books on all of the facts 
associated and around these assassination attempts? That you 
will make available to us and to the public, most importantly, 
all the facts, so that we can ensure that this never happens 
again, and that the needed reforms in the Secret Service are 
put into effect?
    Ms. Noem. Yes. Senator, if I am the Secretary of Homeland 
Security, I will certainly work with you to build transparency 
and make sure the facts are shared with you and your Committee.
    I know that you have been very frustrated by the lack of 
transparency from the Department, and I want to thank those of 
you that have worked on that report that was put together on 
these assassination attempts. I know it was a bipartisan report 
and investigation that this Committee conducted, and I 
appreciate you focusing on that. I will work with you to get 
the information so that you have the truth of really what 
happened there and the failures so they can be fixed.
    Senator Hawley. Thank you. That's a great place to end, and 
a high note as I see my friend, Senator Blumenthal, who did 
fantastic work on this effort. It will be an incredible new 
day, and incredibly refreshing to have a DHS Secretary who will 
tell us the truth, who will be honest with us about the facts, 
honest with the American people, and who will enforce our law. 
I know you will do that, Governor Noem. I look forward to 
supporting your nomination. Congratulations.
    Ms. Noem. Thank you.
    Senator Johnson [presiding.] Senator Blumenthal.

            OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR BLUMENTHAL

    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you, Senator Johnson. Welcome, 
Governor Noem, and thank you for being here. Thank you for 
visiting with me, and thank you to your family for their 
service as well.
    Let me begin on a high note, thanking Senator Hawley for 
his leadership on the effort that I led with him to essentially 
get some basic facts out of the Secret Service when we were 
investigating, Senator Johnson and I, as leaders of the 
Permanent Subcommittee on Investigation (PSI), helping to lead 
it with the Chair and Ranking Member here. I am hoping that you 
have read our report and that you will agree to begin 
implementing its recommendations, which call for major reforms. 
In my view, a house-cleaning, top to bottom, in the Secret 
Service and greater transparency with this Committee and with 
the American public.
    Ms. Noem. Yes, sir. I will certainly work with you to do 
that and to work to make sure that we have that transparency, 
and the Committee has the information that it needs to do due 
diligence of its oversight.
    Senator Blumenthal. Our investigation is continuing. 
Senator Johnson and I have discussed it, and we will be making 
more requests to pursue the fact finding that is so important.
    I want to ask you about disaster relief. California's on 
fire. The fires raging, they are going to leave destruction and 
devastation. That is heartbreaking. I am really disappointed 
with some of the statements that President-elect Trump has 
made. For example, saying that, ``We won't give him--'' 
referring to Governor Newsom, ``money to put out all his fires. 
If we do not give him money to put out fires, he's got a 
problem.''
    The specter is there of potential discrimination based on 
politics, withholding money from California or other States. 
It's not an unfounded fear. In the last administration, there 
were public reports about President Trump withholding money 
from the State of Washington because of his disagreements with 
Governor Inslee.
    Connecticut, like the rest of the Nation, suffers from 
these natural disasters. Most recently, in August, we were hit 
by major flooding, and these natural disasters are going to 
become more frequent, as will be the need for the Federal 
Government to meet the requests for declarations of natural 
disaster.
    I assume you will agree with me that withholding disaster 
relief by President Trump or any other Chief Executive of the 
United States is a violation of his duty and of law?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, leadership has consequences, and looking 
at the tragedy that's happening in California----
    Senator Blumenthal. I want to ask you yes or no with all 
due respect. It's an easy----
    Ms. Noem. What's happening in California is the 
ramification of many decisions over many years. But under my 
leadership at the Department of Homeland Security, there will 
be no political bias to how disaster relief is delivered to the 
American people.
    Senator Blumenthal. If President Trump were to say to you, 
we are going to withhold money from Connecticut or Michigan, or 
any of the States, Iowa, because we do not like the Governor, 
or we do not like the politics of the State, you would stand up 
to him and say, ``Mr. President, we need to allocate that 
money.''
    Ms. Noem. Senator, in three days, President Trump will take 
an oath to uphold the Constitution and the rule of law in this 
country. He will do that, and I will be glad to have him back.
    Senator Blumenthal. I assume that's a yes?
    Ms. Noem. I do not speak to hypotheticals, which is what 
you are asking me to do. But what I will tell you is that as 
Secretary, I will do the same. I will deliver the programs as 
the laws dictate----
    Senator Blumenthal. It's more than a hypothetical, with all 
due respect. I apologize for interrupting you, but my time is 
limited, as you know, as a veteran of these hearings. It's more 
than a hypothetical. It's based on experience with President 
Trump withholding money from Washington State and elsewhere.
    I need to know from you, will you stand up to the President 
and say, no, the Constitution and the Impoundment Act requires 
us, for example, to allocate the $100 billion dollars that we 
have just appropriated in the last session to States like 
Connecticut, $3 million, Texas, $10 million, almost every one 
of the States represented here. Will you say no to the 
President if he withholds that money?
    Ms. Noem. Sir, I do not know about the scenarios that 
you're referencing with President Trump, but what I will tell 
you is that if given the chance to be Secretary of Homeland 
Security, that I will deliver the programs according to the 
law, and that it will be done with no political bias. If the 
programs change, or if you decide to change the rule of law, 
then I will follow that while adhering to the Constitution.
    Senator Blumenthal. So, you pledge to allocate and 
distribute that $100 billion?
    Ms. Noem. According to how the program is written with no 
political bias.
    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you.
    Ms. Noem. Every American deserves to be there and have 
disaster relief the same as their neighbors.
    Senator Blumenthal. Basically, following the law?
    Ms. Noem. Yes.
    Senator Blumenthal. Let me ask you. Senator Peters asked 
you about homegrown terrorists. The New Orleans tragedy, was 
the result of a homegrown terrorist born in this country, 
radicalized by ISIS. It reflects the reason why the 
intelligence community (IC), the FBI, almost all of our law 
enforcement has said repeatedly; domestic violent extremism is 
the most lethal and persistent threat to our security.
    That terrorist was radicalized by ISIS. The investigation 
is underway. We do not know all the facts, but we do know that 
he was a military veteran, and ISIS was responsible for 
radicalizing him. Shouldn't we focus on ISIS as a threat to 
this country's security?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, certainly, we should be focused on all 
threats to this nation's security. That's the mission of the 
Department of Homeland Security. Homegrown terrorism is 
growing. We have more and more incidences. The tragedy we saw 
and the terrorist attack in New Orleans----
    Senator Blumenthal. What will you do to combat it? What 
will you do to stop ISIS and other extremist organizations from 
radicalizing people in this country?
    Ms. Noem. Certainly, Senator, I will continue to work with 
the administration, and our partners, and the Department of 
Defense (DOD), the intelligence agencies also within Secretary 
of State, and the other branches, and cabinet officials to make 
sure we are bringing all resources to bear to identify and to 
stop these types of terrorist activities.
    What I would say is the cybersecurity and intelligence 
elements that we have within the Department of Homeland 
Security have been incredibly siloed. They have not 
communicated with other intelligence agencies like they should 
and partnered. The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) has 
some interaction, but not enough. We also need to have CISA 
have interaction with the FBI, Central Intelligence Agency 
(CIA) to make sure they are working together to stop these 
types of threats, and identify when they are growing among our 
citizens and how they become radicalized.
    Senator Blumenthal. My time is expired. This area of 
questioning, I think, is supremely important. I know there's a 
lot of focus on the border. We all want more border security. 
We want to stop migrant crime, but let's not take our eye off 
the ball. The Governor of Louisiana for the Super Bowl ought to 
be really riveted on the potential for homegrown terrorism as a 
threat. I hope that you will help him and other Governors to do 
their duty to protect the people of the United States from that 
homegrown terrorist threat. Thank you.
    Ms. Noem. Yes. I look forward to working with them.
    Chairman Paul. Senator Ernst.

               OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR ERNST

    Senator Ernst. Thank you, Senator Johnson.
    Governor Noem, thank you so much for being here today, and 
I want to thank you for your continuing service. The service 
that you had as a Member of Congress the service that you have 
displayed as a Governor of the great State of South Dakota, our 
neighbor to the Northwest, and for being willing to step up and 
take on this immense responsibility. Thank you so very much.
    We had such a good discussion when you came to my office in 
the last several weeks. We talked about the importance of 
securing our border and fixing our broken immigration system. I 
would like to start today by sharing a story about one of my 
constituents from Council Bluffs, Iowa. What we have seen 
through this broken border is tragedy that strikes so many 
families across the United States.
    Very similar to the story that was shared by my colleague 
from Missouri with his constituent, Mr. Wolfe. I have a young 
woman by the name of Sarah Root, who encountered tragedy on 
January 31st, 9 years ago.\1\ Sarah Root was struck and killed 
by an illegal immigrant who was drunk driving. He was driving 
at three times the legal limit of alcohol. Sarah's killer was 
bonded out, bonded out before the Roots laid her to rest. He 
fled the country and has not been seen or heard from since. The 
Root family has not seen justice.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ The picture of Sarah Root appears in the Appendix on page 207.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Governor, how do you plan to prioritize the detention and 
deportation of illegal immigrants like Sarah's killer?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, thank you for telling Sarah's story. I 
remember when this happened because it was so close to home and 
so devastating for her and her family and the entire State of 
Iowa, and our country.
    President Trump is focused on making sure that these types 
of situations do not happen again. That we do not continue to 
lose our children and our family members to illegal immigrants 
that come in and perpetuate crime with no accountability, and 
then are released with no consequences.
    The No. 1 priority of the President is to secure the 
border, and to deport these criminal actors immediately as soon 
as possible. They will be the No. 1 priority to make our 
communities safer, and so that we don't have this kind of 
situation going forward. In fact, people, I think when they 
first heard my name being mentioned and nominated for the 
Department of Homeland Security, maybe thought it was a little 
bit of a surprise. Like, ``Oh, I didn't think about Kristi 
doing that job.''
    But I tell people the reason that I asked for it is because 
I knew it was the President's No. 1 priority. I knew that it 
needed to have someone in the position that would do what the 
President promised the American people, would be strong enough 
to do it and follow through to make sure that we are protecting 
our communities and America.
    But that also came at it from a perspective of how these 
families feel, that was a wife, and a mom, and a grandmother, 
and would be able to stand up and communicate to the American 
people what we were doing and why we were, because it's what 
they asked us to do.
    I have three grandchildren and one more on the way. When I 
look at little Miss Addie every day, I just think what kind of 
a country is she going to grow up in? What kind of a country 
will we leave her, and her brother, and a sister? I do not want 
them to think that their grandma sat on the sidelines and did 
not do all that she could.
    So, I will enforce the constitution and the law, and I will 
make sure that when people enact horrific things like this or 
that happen to Sarah and her family, that there will be 
consequences for it.
    Senator Ernst. Yes, absolutely. As a fellow grandma, I know 
that you are perfectly positioned to enforce this.
    I do want to move on to another topic that we visited about 
in my office. I am the founder and the chair of the Department 
of Government Efficiency (DOGE) Senate Caucus. We do need 
greater government efficiency, and I do believe in order to do 
that, we need less of our employees teleworking and more of 
those government workers back in the office working for our 
constituents.
    To that end, it ties together then, too. We just found out 
that the Treasury Department had a cyberattack on December 8th 
from China. No surprise here, they accessed servers through 
work-from-home software. It all ties together. We need more 
people back in the offices, making sure that any communications 
are secured, any work is secured.
    And to that, I know the Biden Administration has put a huge 
emphasis on the cyber bureaucracy, but they have not really 
done anything about it, and they have not given any authority 
to those that are enforcing the standards. We need to enforce 
the standards that are set forth to make sure the cybersecurity 
is truly there.
    But what can DHS do? One with telework, how do we get the 
employees back? Then, two, how do we make sure that our systems 
are secure from these cyberattacks?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, thank you for focusing on remote work 
and the need to get people back in their offices and 
accountable to the work that they do. In fact, I have heard 
since being nominated for this position that many of the 
agencies within the Department are not showing up. They are not 
doing their jobs.
    But even FEMA, who is responsible for disaster response, 
that they have the alternative of some of these employees to 
not even respond to a disaster which might explain the horrific 
results that we saw in North Carolina when they had such a 
terrible disaster that impacted families and communities. FEMA 
failed them so miserably. If it's not even a responsibility of 
them to show up when terrible things happen, what other day-to-
day activities are not getting done because they are working 
for home or not doing their job at all.
    You talked about cybersecurity and the need to ensure that 
our systems are safe and secure. One of the things that 
disturbs me the most is that we do not necessarily even know 
how some of these espionage attacks that have infiltrated our 
systems have happened. We do not know how to stop them yet. We 
do not have the knowledge, and that our departments and 
intelligence agencies, and cybersecurity agencies have become 
siloed and are not working together to stay in front of these 
bad actors.
    But many times, our most vulnerable area happens at the 
State and local level. Some of these smaller entities that 
feeds information into our systems is where they choose to 
infiltrate, and get our data, and to really hold for ransom 
many of these companies, and then impact our Federal systems as 
well.
    One of the first meetings I had when I was elected Governor 
with a former Governor during the transition was he said the 
No. 1 priority you are going to have as Governor is to secure 
our systems.
    Senator Ernst. Yes.
    Ms. Noem. He said our systems are so antiquated and we have 
had over 16,000 hacking attempts in just the last month. You 
need to secure our systems and get it done. That was a priority 
for me and to do that. We fully funded it and got it done in 
South Dakota, and it's being implemented today. I look forward 
to doing that at the Federal level to make sure that people's 
data and information is safe, but also our country is safe from 
these bad actors that have a plan to take us out.
    Senator Ernst. Thank you. My time has expired. But I do 
want to end on a note that another thing that I do truly 
appreciate about you and your nomination is that as a Governor, 
you have worked with those local constituencies as well and 
those local governments. I know that this will be an incredible 
strength that will ensure continued success for you within the 
Department. Thank you, Governor, very much. Thank you, Mr. 
Chair.
    Chairman Paul [presiding.] Senator Kim.

                OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR KIM

    Senator Kim. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Governor, it's good to 
see you.
    Ms. Noem. Good to see you.
    Senator Kim. Thanks for coming before our Committee. I 
wanted to just ask you, not just about your work, but how it's 
going to fit into the broader incoming Trump Administration. 
Particular, I guess I am uncertain about roles and 
responsibilities regarding your position and Tom Homan's. I 
guess I just want to ask you just point blank, like who's going 
to be in charge of the border?
    Ms. Noem. The President will be in charge of the border. 
It's a national security issue. The President is in charge of 
this country and has made a promise to the American people, and 
we will fulfill his agenda.
    Senator Kim. That was a good answer to the answer I would 
have given as well, but I guess I got confused when Trump made 
the announcement about Tom Homan. He said quote I am pleased to 
announce that Tom Homan had said that he's in charge of our 
nation's borders.
    I guess, again, I would just like to go back to you. How 
are you going to work with Mr. Homan? What is the division 
there? I am trying to get a better sense of who's in charge.
    Ms. Noem. Yes. Tom Homan is an incredible human being who 
has over 30 years of experience----
    Senator Kim. Incredible experience, I get that.
    Ms. Noem [continuing]. At the border, and the insight and 
wisdom he----
    Senator Kim. I am just trying to think through the 
decisionmaking process. When it comes to your work, for 
instance, will he be giving orders directly to CBP, ICE, U.S. 
Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)?
    Ms. Noem. Tom Homan has a direct line to the President. He 
is an advisor to the President, the Border Czar. I obviously 
will be, if nominated and confirmed, and put into the position 
of being the Department of Homeland Security Secretary and 
responsible for the authorities that we have in the actions 
that we take.
    Senator Kim. I say this because I actually want to make 
sure that we are empowering the next Secretary of Homeland 
Security.
    Ms. Noem. Yes.
    Senator Kim. In the legislation that was codified by 
Congress and moved forward that started this after September 
11, 2001 (9/11) said, ``All functions of all offices, employees 
and organizational units of the Department are vested in the 
Secretary.''
    I guess, the reason why I mentioned this is I have just 
seen some quotes from Mr. Homan where he said, ``I will be 
making decisions on border security and deportation.'' He was 
asked in another interview about the stronger role that he will 
play, and he said, ``Absolutely, I will be making decisions on 
how we do the border.''
    I just raised that as a concern of mine because not only is 
that about the function of our Executive Branch, but also the 
capabilities of this Committee to be able to properly do our 
constitutional duties for oversight. The ability for us to be 
able to have that conversation. We can talk to you, engage with 
you, that is the direct way. But if he is going to be making 
decisions, then he should come before this Committee as well. I 
know that that's something where, as far as I know, his role 
will be directly at the White House. It's not something that 
will be under the purview directly of this Committee. I just 
wanted to raise those concerns.
    Ms. Noem. Yes. Tom and I work very well together, and talk 
and communicate all the time, and we will be working together 
on a daily basis when we are in our positions under the new 
administration. I would say there's no authorities being 
planned to be taken away from the Department or myself, if I am 
in the role.
    Senator Kim. But it sends some mixed signals that you can 
understand how people in my home State, maybe around the 
country, when they hear Mr. Homan saying, I am making the 
decisions when they hear President-elect Trump say he's in 
charge of our border. So, I urge that we are going to try to do 
our best to try to make sure we are empowering the Department, 
empowering the next Secretary, because that's where our laws 
are invested in our decisionmaking.
    Ms. Noem. Yes. Thank you, Senator. We will make sure you 
have all the information that you need, and Tom working 
directly with the President, and I working directly with the 
President, hope to help you get all that you need to be 
reassured that the authorities will stay the same as they 
currently are, but we will continue to work to secure that 
border and make sure that we are working together in that way.
    Senator Kim. I want to switch gears about, you raised the 
concerns about terrorism, especially foreign terrorist groups. 
I guess I just wanted to ask you, what are the major foreign 
terrorist groups that are out there that we are tracking, which 
are the ones that are concerns to us in terms of potentially 
trying to inspire or coordinate an attack upon us? If you can 
just give me a sense of what their current capabilities are to 
try to enact that.
    Ms. Noem. I think we face a lot of threats, Senator, and 
since I am not in the role today, I should not get into 
specifics with you.
    Senator Kim. Can you at least get specific about what 
organizations that are out there.
    Ms. Noem. Yes.
    Senator Kim. I just wanted to get a sense of your knowledge 
of the organizations.
    Ms. Noem. All the traditional terrorist organizations that 
have always threatened the United States----
    Senator Kim. Such as?
    Ms. Noem [continuing]. I would say Hamas, ISIS, continuing 
down that path of those terrorist organizations. But we will 
continue to also focus, not just on those, but the cartels, 
their partnership with the Chinese and what they are doing.
    For over 30 years, I have worked on national policy, on 
food policy, on agriculture policy, and I have seen the Chinese 
agenda to infiltrate our country, control our food supply 
chain, but also their manipulation of their currency, and 
stealing our internet protocol (IP). I believe that this 
fentanyl crisis that they have flooded our country with is 
geared, and the purpose of it is to kill our next generation of 
Americans----
    Senator Kim. No, I do not discount the importance of those.
    Ms. Noem [continuing]. It is to control us.
    When you focus on one or two groups, I think it takes your 
eye off the ball as to where all the threats could come from. 
We just spent a significant amount of time talking about 
homegrown terrorism as well, and about----
    Senator Kim. Correct. I am glad we are having that 
conversation. But the reason why I mentioned it, I was not 
trying to quiz you or anything of that nature, it's just that 
when the Department of Homeland Security, when their threat 
assessment for 2025 lists three organizations; lists Al-Qaeda, 
lists ISIS, in particular, ISIS-Khorasan, and the Islamic 
Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and the threat from Iran.
    We all understand that we want to work with the incoming 
administration to try to have an orderly process. One with 
that. But I just want to make sure that, in particular, with 
DHS, the primary mission if we look at the founding 
legislation, the primary mission, the very first mission is 
prevent terrorist attacks within the United States and do 
everything we can to minimize that type of threat.
    Yes, I do think it's important for us to focus in on one, 
two, or three, or just wherever these terrorist groups are at. 
Yes, I know that part of that effort to try to minimize 
terrorist attacks is through the war that we try to do to 
secure our borders. All of them; air, sea, and land. But the 
primary mission still is about preventing terrorism, not just 
the border security. That's a tool to be able to accomplish 
that.
    I just raised that with you. I want to make sure that the 
next Homeland Security Secretary has a very detailed knowledge 
and understanding about the terrorist groups, their 
capabilities, and is tracking that on an absolute daily basis, 
and that they understand that is their top mission. With that, 
I will yield back to the Chair.
    Chairman Paul. Senator Johnson.

              OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR JOHNSON

    Senator Johnson. Governor Noem, welcome, and thank you for 
your willingness to serve.
    You will be taking over a massive Federal Government 
agency, 240,000 employees. It's probably too massive. I think 
had I been there back then, I do not think I would have 
assembled these 22 different agencies in this massive 
Department. But that's what we have.
    It's a department that the previous administration, I 
think, has completely misused. Instead of using Customs and 
Border Protection to do that, to protect our border and secure 
it, they have utilized those resources to incentivize a massive 
influx of illegal immigration. Instead of using the 
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency to do that, 
they instead engaged in mission creep and utilized it to censor 
Americans with the misinformation board.
    I am concerned about disaster relief, just Federal disaster 
relief in general, creating greater and greater and increasing 
levels of moral hazard, resulting in higher costs of these 
disasters. Let us cover each one of those kind of in order. How 
do you gain control over a massive agency whose resources and 
personnel have been misused? How do you root out those 
individuals who instead of securing our border, opened it up 
and facilitated this.
    Ms. Noem. Senator, this has been a big topic of 
conversation in most of the meetings that I have had with the 
Members of this Committee, was how do we fix this agency, which 
the reputation is that it's broken and dysfunctional. I think 
the question I get asked the most is, ``Why would you want to 
head up such a dysfunctional department?'' I would say that 
because the mission of the Department is to secure the homeland 
and our people.
    It's our biggest vulnerability right now, and we have a 
President that's not enforcing the law. I do not believe the 
law should be unequally applied. Everyone should be subject to 
our laws, and a nation without laws and without borders is not 
a nation at all.
    I will work by ensuring one of the things that Senator 
Ernst talked about, people have to show up for work. I think 
there's going to be a majority of people who do not have their 
primary mission to secure the homeland. That if they do not 
want to show up for work, then maybe they are just not truly 
passionate about protecting America. I think they need to do 
that, and they need to recognize what their job is.
    The morale in DHS is very low. I am going to let people do 
their jobs. I am going to remind them what their jobs are. Some 
of these border patrol agents have not been able to do their 
jobs for a very long time. They have been processing paperwork 
and facilitating an invasion when they should be back securing 
our border, which is why they were recruited and wanted to 
serve there to begin with.
    We are going to build partnership with local law 
enforcement, with ICE, and task forces. We are communicating, 
again, with local sheriffs, and mayors, and law enforcement to 
partner together. When you talk about the fact that this is 
such a broken agency that needs so much improvement, a lot of 
it goes back to why we are created, and are we fulfilling that 
mission and making sure that these individuals are getting back 
on task.
    Senator Johnson. Under my chairmanship and under the Trump 
Administration, we did rename a part of DHS, so the 
Cybersecurity and Information Security Agency. I, in no way, 
shape, or form ever contemplated that the sub-agency within DHS 
that was really focused on securing us against the cyber 
threats and other threats to our infrastructure, would ever be 
used to violate the Constitution the way it was used to violate 
the Constitution under the Biden Administration.
    This administration's been completely opaque. We do not 
have the information to know and the communication in terms of 
what all happened here. So, my question relates to how they 
misused CISA. Will you commit to providing the transparency, 
providing the information, investigate it yourself, but provide 
this committee, my subcommittee, the information to expose the 
truth to the American public. But even more importantly, 
propose a piece of legislation based on our investigation, 
based on those results, to fix it so that no administration can 
ever misuse the language of the law to commit that kind of 
unconstitutional act and violate people's First Amendment 
rights.
    Ms. Noem. Yes Senator, I look forward to working with you 
on that. I think what we saw during the COVID pandemic, the 
actions of CISA, their misinformation and disinformation. 
Campaign materials they were putting out was shocking. Shocking 
at what they were doing to decide what was truth, what was not, 
and how they were trying to manipulate the American people. We 
saw it in elections and Russia influences as well.
    Ensuring that they cannot do that in the future under any 
administration would be a priority. That they stay doing what 
they are supposed to do, and hardening our systems, and working 
with local officials to do that is a priority. I would look 
forward to working with you on legislation should you wish to 
reign them in.
    Senator Johnson. The first step in that process is to 
expose the truth. To find out who these bad actors were, expose 
who they were, hold them accountable. I mean, that is crucial 
that we take that first step. Again, I look forward to working 
with you on that.
    The tragedy of the fires, the more we learn, the more we 
understand that not only was it predictable, it was predicted, 
which means it was in preventable. Again, you cannot prevent 
the initiation of those fires, but you certainly can prevent 
them from raging into the tragedy that they became.
    The dozens of people who have lost their lives, the 
hundreds of billions of dollars' worth of property damage. It's 
not just California, though. I mean, again, that was grotesque 
mismanagement. That could have been prevented. You cannot 
prevent a hurricane. You cannot prevent floods, but you 
certainly can try and start reducing the moral hazard that we 
have allowed to explode, quite honestly, by the Federal 
Government rushing in immediately, no questions asked.
    Just tell us how big a check you want. What can you do in 
your new role to try and start reducing, over time, the moral 
hazard that we have created in this country with Federal 
disaster relief?
    Ms. Noem. Senator emergencies and disasters are always 
locally led. They are led by the local communities and leaders. 
That's because they are much more responsive, and much better-
informed on how to bring relief, and to get those emergency 
services there to meet the need. Then it's State-supported and 
federally resourced.
    Which means that when we come in, that we are supporting 
what the mission is, what those emergency operations and plans 
are that the local city and county, and then also the State, 
has implemented, and do what we can to fulfill the mission of 
our programs.
    One of the things that FEMA's not doing today that I think 
we should be doing is streamlining communications. We saw this 
in New Orleans, we saw it in other terrorist attacks in the 
country, and you just referenced it as well about the American 
people not getting the truth. Senators, not getting the truth 
and the transparency that we need is that I believe FEMA can 
always put out a blueprint for what a response would be should 
something terrible happen.
    When we look at the Secret Service, what happened in 
Butler, we saw that communication was an issue. That the Secret 
Service was not communicating, and balls were getting dropped 
with local authorities, local law enforcement. We can put 
forward a blueprint for how communication can happen and be 
streamlined between the Federal Government, the State, and the 
local entities so that should something happen, this is how we 
talk to each other, to make sure that the public has the facts. 
They are not getting misinformation, which happened with the 
New Orleans terror attack just recently, but also up in 
Pennsylvania as well.
    That blueprint is what we do at the State level that FEMA 
has failed to do. To proactively educate the public on what 
everybody's roles are, what we do should something happen. 
Whether it be a natural disaster, or a terrorist attack, or an 
emergency response needed, that we can put out those blueprints 
ahead of time, educate people, train those local entities, 
which they currently do to a certain extent today. But not good 
enough to really know that not only can the resources be pre-
deployed in many of these situations so that they are more 
readily accessible, but also how are we going to communicate 
and make sure everybody's on the same page so that we can be 
much more efficient.
    I wish that we would have had different leadership and a 
different Governor in California, or we might have a different 
result there. But in the Department of Homeland Security, we 
can do all that we can to make sure that the people that live 
in California know that they are going to get a response from 
the Federal Government that's appropriate. That we did all that 
we could to make sure that they had the information ahead of 
time so they could protect their selves when they do have a 
failure in leadership like we have seen.
    Senator Johnson. Thank you, and good luck.
    Ms. Noem. You bet.
    Chairman Paul. Since Senator Johnson brought up California 
fires, I have to interject here. We talked about burn policies. 
These are local policies, how we try to not have so much brush 
and things like that. They are also next to the largest body of 
water in the world, the Pacific Ocean. I see these homes all 
burning on the beach in Malibu, and I am like, ``Wow, if they 
just had a generator and a hose, you start sucking the water 
out of the Pacific Ocean.''
    But you could do more than that. You could pump it and put 
it in cisterns up in the hills, a mile or two in. It does not 
rain very much there. But why don't they take the ocean water, 
put it in cisterns, and have a bunch of water ready when a 
wildfire shows up. But it's like, once again, bad local 
government. Senator Gallego.

              OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR GALLEGO

    Senator Gallego. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Thank you, Governor, 
for your attention. I appreciate us meeting last week and our 
frank conversation.
    In partly following-up to our conversation. In recent 
years, I have been in very close contact with our Arizona 
border communities, which are unlike other border communities, 
and about the funding needs to address migrant influxes through 
the Shelter and Services Program (SSP). Without this funding, 
border communities must bear all the financial burden for 
national immigration challenges and the broken border, in 
general.
    That means police, fire, hospital systems, in general, 
anything of that. At the same time, they will also face the 
potential challenges of street releases. Again, these are very 
small towns on the border. Having thousands of people being 
released becomes both burdensome security issues and just not 
fair to them.
    We get lumped in with places like New York and Chicago 
about how they do their shelter programs. Our shelter programs 
are not the same as New York and Chicago. We do not permanently 
put people in apartments or anything of that nature. We are 
trying to move people away from the border so that way they do 
not become a burden on these very small communities.
    I am very highly concerned, as I told you in our meeting, 
when the SSP program becomes politicized and to the point where 
we get lumped in with those programs. I do not think are 
effective and are actually counterproductive. It ends up 
depriving our small Arizona borders of these very vital funds 
that they need.
    As DHS Secretary, how would you ensure that border 
communities are not left to respond to and pay for these 
immigration influxes, the broken border system on their own? 
Will you commit to helping really not politicize or destroying 
the Social Service Block Grant (SSBG) program to the point 
where places that are doing things correctly, like Yuma, 
Arizona, like Pima County, like Cochise County, are not lumped 
in with the people that are doing things incorrectly, like New 
York State and Chicago.
    Ms. Noem. Senator, thank you for the conversation in your 
office about the program, FEMA, the Southern border, and the 
challenges. Then also the difference between your State and how 
you utilize funds versus other States.
    I would say that my hope is that if given the opportunity 
to serve as Secretary, that the Federal Government would no 
longer, and I believe as President Trump has promised the 
American people, facilitate an illegal alien invasion, and that 
your communities in Arizona would no longer have the issue with 
having people in your small towns and communities that you need 
to figure out how to take care of and get them to where they 
want to go in other places of the country.
    The President has promised he will secure the border. That 
we will uphold our nation's laws, and that he will do that to 
the benefit and be putting America first, again. I know we 
talked extensively about the SSP program and how you have 
utilized it. But getting these programs back to what they were 
intended is important to FEMA as a disaster response agency. 
Some of the facilities that have been utilizing these types of 
funds and dollars need to be reevaluated to make sure that it's 
truly doing the service that is upholding our nation's laws.
    Senator Gallego. Certainly, understand reevaluating, 
especially how some of these States have been using it. In the 
ideal world, we do not have to have a program like that because 
we do not have this mass of humanity that's coming toward our 
borders. But even under the first Trump Administration, we 
actually still needed it also. This is why my concern is to not 
get rid of this program because, again, these small 
communities, I am talking communities of maybe 10,000 people, 
maybe only six or seven cops are going to end up really bearing 
the brunt.
    We are not a big State. We cannot really compensate for 
these types of losses. These small communities are also largely 
in counties that are mostly rural with a lot of Federal land. 
They actually do not even have a tax base.
    When the broken immigration system sends people to these 
borders, and it, we end up not having to have enough, these 
communities do not have enough money to pay for cops, 
firefighters overtime for hospital systems. It's that type of 
program that keeps us, keeps these small communities afloat. I 
just want to make sure you know that, again, this does not 
become politicized and that we are kept separate from, I think, 
the mistakes that other States have taken on.
    Moving on, in Arizona, we have large parts of the border. 
They run through tribal lands. We have 22 recognized tribes and 
have great relationships with these tribes. They want to be 
collaborative partners when it comes to border security. We 
have some great programs that have worked in the past. For 
example, the Shadow Wolves Program with the Tohono O'odham 
Nation. It's a really good example, collaborative program of 
tribal law enforcement that worked with DHS to make sure they 
stop human smuggling and cartels going through their borders.
    But as DHS Secretary, what is your plan to consult with our 
border tribes and work together to balance both national 
security, but also their sovereignty?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, I believe that my experience as Governor 
and my relationship with working with our tribes is going to be 
an incredible, powerful tool for me to bring to bear at the 
Department of Homeland Security to work on how we secure our 
Southern border, but still respect their sovereignty, and still 
be able to work with them.
    This year, when looking at public safety issues that we had 
in South Dakota and their lack of ability to hire tribal 
officers on our reservations in South Dakota, I offered to 
train Federal law enforcement officers, Bureau of Indian 
Affairs (BIA) officers, but also their tribal police in South 
Dakota at no cost to our tribes. It's been an incredible, 
powerful tool that we have had to build relationships. Those 
tribal police had the chance to go through academy with the 
local, maybe, deputies from the counties and the State highway 
patrol troopers that were coming on board.
    Those relationships have built partnerships in our State 
that we did not have before. The Shadow Wolves training 
opportunity is incredible that was down in Arizona, that you 
spoke of, too. In looking into that program, I would like to 
continue to build on that and perpetuate in the future so that 
our tribes not only have an opportunity to have a secure 
border, but also have it reflect their values and their 
culture, and have their own people be a part of the solution. 
Then even when it comes to the infrastructure of the wall, that 
we are respecting that, and their landscapes, and their land as 
well.
    I look forward to working with you as we move into this 
next administration to be able to protect our country, and then 
work and respect our tribes as we do so.
    Senator Gallego. Thank you. President Trump and some of his 
other potential staff and advisors have been very vocal about 
implementing a mass deportation strategy. Talking to my 
agricultural community, my dairy community, they have concerns 
that this approach will lead to workforce shortages that will 
further drive up the costs of everything. Something that we 
have really been working hard across, I think, a bipartisan 
manner, to bring down the costs of everything. Unfortunately, 
this would reignite inflation.
    What is your plan to ensure safe and legal immigration 
processes for agricultural workers while protecting local 
agricultural operations, including those both in of our home 
States?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, President Trump has been very clear that 
his priority is going to be deporting criminals. Those who have 
broken our laws and perpetuated violence in our communities. 
That will be the priority. As I spoke earlier with our 
statistics, having over 425,000 of those with criminal 
convictions in our country, that will be a focus that we need 
to tackle right away. It will be a big one. Beyond that, his 
next priority is going to be those with final removal orders, 
and focus on those individuals who have long overstayed and 
that there is a consequence for ignoring our Federal laws.
    Beyond that, we will continue conversations. As you know, I 
am a farmer, and a rancher, and come from an agricultural 
State. We will work together to make sure that laws are 
followed. It is the Senate and the House that puts forward the 
laws. I, as Secretary, uphold the law. You determine what that 
is and debate and discussion. I will be transparent, and share 
as much information and insight as I have with my background 
and experience, and continue to work with you.
    Chairman Paul. Senator Moreno.

              OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR MORENO

    Senator Moreno. First of all, thank you, Governor, for 
being here to testifying before this Committee, and for your 
service. Not just to your State, but to America.
    Nine years ago, today, we met in probably the coldest day I 
have ever been in my life in Iowa.
    Ms. Noem. Yes that's true.
    Senator Moreno. As you and I were making phone calls and 
whipping up votes for Republicans in Iowa, my wife, Bridget, 
who's here, got a chance to meet you, and we left Iowa saying 
that person's really going to go far. Here we are, nine years 
later. You have been an amazing Governor, amazing 
congresswoman, and now you are going to make an even better 
Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security.
    I think sometimes in DC we tend to complicate things. There 
is a current Secretary of Homeland Security. Why don't we take 
this opportunity to do a little job review and compare and 
contrast him to you. If you don't mind, I will ask you some 
questions and you can give me an answer.
    Secretary Mayorkas allowed about, you said it, just about 
400 people on the terror watch list to come into this country 
illegally. If you were confirmed as Secretary of Homeland 
Security, how many people on the terror watch list would you 
allow into this country?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, we would work every single day until we 
had that number was zero. If you look at the previous Trump 
Administration over his entire four years in comparison to Joe 
Biden's number, President Trump, it was 11 that were then 
removed from the country and faced consequences. When you look 
at the 382 that Joe Biden has let in and the policies continue, 
it is shocking and needs to be changed immediately.
    Senator Moreno. Mayorkas has let in about 12,000 murderers. 
How many would you target to let into this country?
    Ms. Noem. My goal every day would be have no murderers 
allowed into this country in our communities.
    Senator Moreno. Mayorkas has allowed 16,000 rapists. How 
many would you target to let in?
    Ms. Noem. Every day I would work to make sure that there 
was none let into this country.
    Senator Moreno. He let 600,000, Mayorkas, 600,000 people 
with criminal convictions. How many would you allow in?
    Ms. Noem. We would work every day to make sure people are 
safe, and that those with criminal convictions are immediately 
removed.
    Senator Moreno. How many private jets would you have the 
United States taxpayers have fly into foreign countries to pick 
up people to bring them here?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, we will no longer be undertaking that 
mission of the Department of Homeland Security.
    Senator Moreno. So, not 700,000 individuals on private jets 
over the last four years. You would not have any. No.
    Ms. Noem. I will be working with President Trump to put in 
place his agenda and adherence to our Federal laws.
    Senator Moreno. How many illegals will you plan to house in 
luxury hotel rooms in Manhattan at a cost of $6,000 per month?
    Ms. Noem. Clearly, Senator, during this election, the 
American people said they did not support that, and that that 
would not be a part of this new administration.
    Senator Moreno. How about sex change operations for 
illegals? How many would of those would you suspect you would 
fund?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, I believe that the Department of 
Homeland Security will be reevaluating its mission in this 
country to not allow that going forward under President Trump's 
goals.
    Senator Moreno. If you had any legal migrant that was in 
this country and they committed a crime, would you offer them 
airfare from one State to another to evade law enforcement?
    Ms. Noem. Sir, I will be following this nation's laws and 
the Constitution, and make sure that all laws are adhered to.
    Senator Moreno. If you had been the head of the Department 
of Homeland Security a year or so ago, would you have closed a 
detention center in Georgia that would have allowed the release 
of somebody charged with a crime?
    Ms. Noem. Sir, I do not have the specifics to that 
situation, but certainly that would not be something that I 
would want to have under my watch.
    Senator Moreno. Just to be clear, Laken Riley would be 
alive today if you had been the Secretary of Homeland Security?
    Ms. Noem. Yes. Senator, my hope is that that would be true.
    Senator Moreno. Let's switch to another part of the 
disgraceful immigration laws that Biden and Mayorkas, by the 
way, objectively, has been the worst cabinet member ever in the 
history of the United States of America.
    Let's talk about temporary protective status, temporary 
being the operative word. Mayorkas and Biden just extended 
temporary protective status again through 2027. Will you 
continue to corrupt Temporary Protected Status (TPS) to allow 
some sort of open borders agenda? Will you use hot weather of 
80 degrees and sunny beaches in El Salvador as a reason why 
people have to stay in America and not safely return?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, this program has been abused and 
manipulated by the Biden Administration, and that will no 
longer be allowed and these extensions going forward. The way 
that they are, the program was intended to be temporary. This 
extension of over 600,000 Venezuelans as well, is alarming when 
you look at what we have seen in different States, including 
Colorado with gangs doing damage and harming the individuals 
and the people that live there.
    Senator Moreno. In terms of our border, like the physical 
border. I have been there many times. You have been there many 
times. Who should be in charge? Who should have operational 
control of our border? The United States government or the 
Mexican drug cartels?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, the United States needs to control our 
borders and secure them.
    Senator Moreno. If this were a job interview in the private 
sector, and you had somebody like Alejandro Mayorkas in charge, 
and we had the opportunity to upgrade to you, this would be the 
greatest upgrade in history of the United States of America.
    But I am going to end my time with a startling statistic 
and actually a challenge to the Democrat Party. When Mayorkas 
was confirmed, every single Democrat voted to confirm him, and 
six Republicans joined. All 50 Democrats in that confirmation. 
If we get to the vote, and hopefully, Mr. Chair, we could do 
that Monday, because we cannot wait one single day without you 
being in charge of that department. We should have 100 percent, 
100 Senators vote for your confirmation.
    This will be the litmus test in my mind as to whether we 
have a Democrat Party that's actually serious about doing 
bipartisan things like securing this country and protecting our 
citizens. Any Democrat that voted for Mayorkas that does not 
vote for you, should be in front of their voters and removed 
from office.
    Thank you for serving, Bryon. Thank you for being here, for 
putting up with the nonsense that you guys have had to put up 
with over the years. You are going to make an amazing Secretary 
of Homeland Security. Thank you for being here.
    Ms. Noem. Thank you, Senator.
    Chairman Paul. Senator Slotkin.

              OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR SLOTKIN

    Senator Slotkin. Thanks for being here, and thanks for our 
time in my office. Governor, I am a former CIA officer, joined 
right after 9/11, and served three tours in Iraq alongside the 
military. I am actually the first CIA officer in the Senate. To 
me the most important thing, again, as a Democrat from a State 
that Trump won, right, on the same ballot, we both won, I 
understand we are going to have different policy opinions.
    I certainly understand that the President or incoming 
President has the right to nominate whoever he wants. Those are 
not the issues for me that I am going to spend my time on. The 
ones that I care about the most relate to the mission of the 
organization when it was founded, protecting the homeland.
    I think, to me, it's one thing when there's campaign 
rhetoric or politicization of things, everyone does that on 
both sides of the aisle in this Committee and in our line of 
work. But when it comes to actually protecting the country, you 
do have to be clear and honest about facts and not conflate 
things.
    It is just important to me that I know, particularly since 
you do have one of the intelligence agencies within the 
Department of Homeland Security, that you are going to call a 
spade a spade. Right? The most recent acts of domestic 
terrorism in New Orleans, horrible incident in Nevada, had 
nothing to do with migrants. Correct?
    Ms. Noem. Correct.
    Senator Slotkin. They were homegrown American citizens. One 
of them was actually in a very elite military unit. It is 
horrible. It's one of the hardest things to catch; the sort of 
lone wolf, radicalized American citizen.
    But I want to protect ourselves. Our most recent examples 
of domestic terrorism were not what we have spent the majority 
talking about today; crime from a migrant. I do not dispute 
there is crime, but I just want to know, and I want to hear 
from you as an intelligence officer, that you are going to 
speak about real threats and not blow something up, politicize 
something, make something more exciting, because that's maybe 
what the President wants to hear. But your mission to protect 
and defend the Constitution means calling honestly what the 
threats are to the country. Can you just give me a yes or no, 
please?
    Ms. Noem. Yes, Senator. I will be as transparent and 
factual every day with you and the American people as possible 
based on the information that I have. I do not know if the 
investigations are closed in New Orleans and in Nevada, but 
what we know so far and needs to be relayed to the American 
people needs to be the truth and facts.
    Senator Slotkin. We have talked a lot about border security 
as a CIA officer, I think one of the only people on this 
Committee who's actually worked on protecting the homeland. I 
am a Middle East terrorism and militia expert by training. I 
believe deeply in it. Every country of the world gets to decide 
who comes inside its borders. That's not a radical concept.
    But I think I have been open with this Committee that it is 
also on us to fix the deeply broken legal immigration system. I 
am glad to hear that you are going to carry out the laws on the 
immigration system. Democrats and Republicans are to blame that 
we have not fixed this system. But I also believe you cannot 
fully control the border unless you give people that we need 
for our companies, for our economy, a legal, vetted way to come 
here.
    Do you believe in legal, vetted immigration and that we 
need more of it in the United States?
    Ms. Noem. I do believe we need to follow our legal 
immigration laws and that it needs to be vetted.
    Senator Slotkin. Do you believe that our economy depends 
and needs some level, just like your family came from Norway 
and on economic drive and wanted a better life?
    Ms. Noem. Immigration's always been a part of our history 
and will be a part of our future. We just need to make sure 
that we are adhering to our nation's laws, which this body has 
the ability to continue to change and to put in place.
    Senator Slotkin. I am with you.
    Again, going back to the fact that you will pledge an oath 
to the Constitution, not to President Trump, just like every 
other nominee. President Trump said in November that he's 
willing to use law enforcement, National Guard, or even active-
duty military to go after, ``The threat from within the United 
States.'' I don't know exactly what he was talking about.
    But we have recent examples from your predecessors at DHS 
where Federal law enforcement were sent into a State, in this 
case, Oregon, without coordination with the Governor. Those 
Federal law enforcement officers (FLEO), at the time, were 
putting down threats to Federal buildings, and they were 
legitimate threats. I do not dispute there was destruction of 
property going on during a bunch of protests and riots. I do 
not dispute that.
    But they were not wearing insignia. We talked about this. 
They were not wearing any markings. People were arrested by 
folks in fatigues with no names, no idea who they were, like 
right out of a bad Hollywood movie. If the President asks you 
to send in Federal law enforcement to a State without 
coordination of that Governor, would you support that action?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, my job, if nominated and sworn in as 
Secretary of Homeland Security, is to uphold the Constitution 
and follow the rules of this country. Yes, that will be the 
oath and the pledge that I will be making. My goal also is to 
work with you to ensure that we have situations that are always 
appropriate, that we are well defined on who we are----
    Senator Slotkin. I just need to know. You are a former 
Governor.
    Ms. Noem. Yes.
    Senator Slotkin. You can imagine that if Joe Biden sent in 
700 Federal law enforcement under Secretary Mayorkas, without 
coordinating with you, I think we can agree you would be a 
little upset. I just ask that you give the same respect for 
coordination and we are very sensitive. People are worried 
about politicizing of law enforcement and the uniformed 
military. That's a bad thing. I hope we can agree.
    Last, I look forward to visiting at the Northern border, 
the Gordie Howe Bridge, your help staffing that. We know across 
many administrations, staffing goals at DHS have not been met, 
and that's a problem. We really want to make sure that opens on 
time.
    But I also want your assurances. You received FEMA 
assistance from Joe Biden's administration. Right? You had 
historic floods. You asked and requested of the administration, 
and you were given millions of dollars to help with that. I 
understand you do not like Gavin Newsom, but can you say in 
front of the American people that you will open the books to 
this Committee who does have oversight over FEMA, right? That 
you will give, open the books in a bipartisan way to ensure 
whether it's North Carolina, or California, or anywhere in 
between, that the American people can know that you are not 
playing politics with disaster assistance.
    Ms. Noem. Yes, Senator, I will work with you in this 
Committee to make sure I am following the Federal law and 
ensuring that you have information and transparency from us, 
and from DHS, and FEMA.
    Senator Slotkin. Thank you. I yield back.
    Chairman Paul. Senator Lankford.

             OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR LANKFORD

    Senator Lankford. Governor Noem, great to see you.
    Ms. Noem. Yes, great to see you, too.
    Senator Lankford. Thanks for being here. Thanks for 
accepting this nod that the President has given you. For Bryon, 
thanks for both of you. You have walked through a lot. I have 
had the privilege of knowing you for a very long time since we 
have served together in the House of Representatives. I have 
the benefit of knowing your qualifications, and how strong you 
are in all these background issues, and how hard you work on 
these things. Because I have seen it firsthand. I appreciate 
you stepping into this because a lot of attention across the 
country will be focused on this. You know that fully well, and 
you have stepped into it.
    For Governor Landry, my State and many folks in my State 
are praying for you and for your State. You have done a great 
job in leadership at this moment in a very tough time for 
Louisiana. We do not want to see acts of terrorism anywhere in 
our country. It's incredibly difficult days for a Governor. 
Thanks for your leadership on that as well.
    I also have to tell you, Kristi, I have whined to my wife 
occasionally about the temperature that's coming on Monday. I 
am very excited about Trump's inaugural. But we are all going 
to be sitting outside in about 12 degrees. I thought just for 
fun, I would check South Dakota on Monday. It's 1. [Laughter.] 
For a high.
    Ms. Noem. Yes, for a high.
    Senator Lankford. I am going to stop whining about the 
temperature on Monday here in Washington, DC on it.
    Look, I am going to run through a couple of things here. 
Because I know you, not everybody in Oklahoma knows you. The 
questions that I get from people, though, in Oklahoma, I want 
to be able to run past you, because they want to be able to 
know the answer to these things. I am just going to blitz 
through a whole bunch of them.
    Will you use the legal authority that DHS already has to be 
able to close our border?
    Ms. Noem. Yes, Senator, I will work with President Trump to 
ensure that we are securing our border.
    Senator Lankford. Thank you. There's a lot of things that 
this Congress needs to do. It has already been mentioned by 
Senator Slotkin as well, that we need to do to be able to close 
loopholes to be able to give you additional authority. But 
there's a tremendous amount of authority currently not being 
used, and Oklahomans, they are saying, ``Is that about to be 
used?'' They will be grateful to be able to hear that.
    No other President has ever created a phone app to be able 
to facilitate a faster processing of aliens, called the CBP One 
app. It's been mentioned several times here. Will you use your 
authority to stop facilitating faster processing of illegal 
aliens into our country with the CBP One app?
    Ms. Noem. Yes, Senator. We will eliminate the CBP One app, 
maintain some of the data that's in it, that's critical to 
knowing who's in our country. But that app will no longer be in 
use.
    Senator Lankford. Thank you. No other President has ever 
used the parole authority, just in general, humanitarian parole 
to facilitate faster processing of aliens into our country. 
Which leads to the catch and release we have all heard about. 
The Oklahomans that I talked to say, are we about to end the 
abuse of parole, and end catch and release. Is that about to 
stop?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, President Trump's been very clear that 
he will end catch and release.
    Senator Lankford. Terrific. Folks want to know, will you 
use your authority with the funds that were given to you by 
Congress to actually build more wall rather than use the 
funding that's given to you, as the Biden Administration did, 
to do environmental remediation around the border rather than 
actual border wall and border structure?
    Ms. Noem. Yes. Senator, President Trump has been clear that 
he wants to build the wall.
    Senator Lankford. Will you use your authority to be able to 
scan more vehicles? Obviously we have to get you the funding to 
be able to do this, to be able to scan more vehicles and 
individuals that are carrying fentanyl into our country through 
our ports of entry.
    Ms. Noem. Yes, Senator. We will continue to use 
technologies, but hopefully be able to use more with the 
resources that were granted to scan those vehicles and know 
what's coming in and out of this country.
    Senator Lankford. Last year, FEMA employees during disaster 
relief, were instructed by one of their supervisors that if 
they see a Trump sign or a Trump flag flying, to skip that 
house. To not stop by there, and tell them what their Federal 
Government can do for them. Will you allow FEMA employees, or 
any within DHS, to politicize their role in to pick and choose 
who gets help and who does not as an American?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, under President Trump's Administration, 
disaster and emergency relief will not be handed out with 
political bias. Every American will be responded to and treated 
equally.
    Senator Lankford. That's what folks want to know. Will you 
review the Secret Service responsibilities to be able to go 
back through it and to say; are they focused on their primary 
mission, or is there something it could distract? Secret 
Service still chases down financial crimes. They are still 
chasing down child exploitation. Those are serious things for 
Treasury or for FBI to do. But there's a question is if that's 
the first priority for Secret Service?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, the Secret Service is in need of 
dramatic reforms. They do have a protective detail element that 
is their priority and also an investigation side. My 
understanding is that that investigation side is often used to 
train the protective detailed officers, but clearly, they are 
not focusing on what their true duty is. It needs to get back 
onto what they were created for, and that was the protective 
detail mission and emergency situations that they need to help 
plan, and prepare for, and defend.
    Senator Lankford. Thank you. This Committee made a request 
to the Secretary of Homeland Security last year, and by the 
way, also the head of the FBI, to be able to come before this 
Committee and to do what every Secretary of Homeland Security 
has done for the last 20 years. Every single year, unbroken 
until last year. Then the Secretary refused to come before this 
Committee in an open session and talk about national threats.
    Now, the former Chairman protested strongly to the Biden 
Administration and DHS they were not coming, but they still 
refused to be able to come. Will you come before this Committee 
and talk about the threats, openly, so the American people can 
hear them in a public forum?
    Ms. Noem. Yes, Senator. Senator Peters and I discussed this 
quite a bit in our meeting as well. I have committed to come 
and give that briefing to this Committee and to the American 
people.
    Senator Lankford. Thank you. We need that. Let me tell you 
another challenge we have had with Homeland Security in the 
past four years. When we ask for data and for information, we 
get, ``I will get back to you on that.'' When we ask again, and 
again, and again and again, we get the same statement, ``I will 
get back to you on that.''
    Now, I can go down the street to the command center where 
they actually get the data in live and they have it up on big 
screens, and they are tracking exactly what's happening on the 
Southern border to the minute. But if I ask for what happened 
last month, they will say, ``We are still gathering that 
data.'' We are not asking for anything other than what Congress 
is supposed to get; that's the ability to be able to see data 
and to have real oversight over DHS. That has been a failure of 
this DHS, along with multiple other issues on that.
    When we requested the data for basic things like how many 
special interest aliens were allowed across the border. If it 
was last year, we had to find out on our own. It was 70,000 
people that were targeted by this administration as a potential 
national security risk that were not just founded at the 
border, that were released when they were founded at the 
border. 70,000 people just from last year in the country right 
now that this administration declared at the border they are a 
potential national security risk.
    Now, I know you are not going to do that. But when we ask 
for the data and for the information, when we say, how's the 
National Vetting Center (NVC) working, do you have the 
connection between it to be able to screen individuals there? 
We are just doing our oversight responsibility. You have served 
in Congress before, and did a great job on that, and did 
oversight. We want to still be able to do the same thing. Will 
you provide data to this Committee so that we can cooperate 
with you to help.
    Ms. Noem. Senator, I will follow the law and be transparent 
with you, and allow you to do the due diligence toward 
oversight that you are tasked with.
    Senator Lankford. I have absolutely no doubt about that, 
Governor. I have absolutely no doubt. Looking forward to you 
serving that role. Thank you.
    Ms. Noem. Thank you.
    Chairman Paul. Congratulations, Governor Noem. You are 
almost done. We have been through a lot of questions. I think 
you have handled the questions very well, and I am going to ask 
a couple questions, and I think the Ranking Member has a few, 
and I think we will be done very shortly.
    I think a lot of Americans, including some conservatives, 
misunderstand the First Amendment. They think the First 
Amendment says that Facebook has to publish my opinion, or The 
Wall Street Journal has to publish my opinion, or we need to 
force them to be fair. That's not what the First Amendment's 
about at all. The First Amendment really does not apply to 
telling private companies what we can or cannot say. YouTube 
censored me, and I despise their policy. They actually took 
down speeches I made on the floor. But really, I do not have a 
legal recourse other than I can complain about YouTube being 
unfair and not hosting both sides of an issue.
    However, with the government, though, there is a rule. The 
First Amendment specifically says, Congress shall pass no law 
banning or abridging speech. This is what really got us worried 
about what, not only the FBI was doing, but the Department of 
Homeland Security, actually meeting with these companies on a 
weekly basis.
    And imagine the chilling effect of this. Imagine that there 
are cameras here that they are going to end their filming of 
this interview and then decide, well, what she said or what he 
said really was misinformation, and we should edit that out. 
Can you imagine? It is just hard for me to imagine that the 
media has not--which once defended the First Amendment--has not 
been in more of an uproar of the government meeting with the 
media to decide things. Some of this we did not know.
    Then Elon Musk bought Twitter. People ask him, they said, 
you have paid $44 billion for Twitter. Isn't that too much? He 
said, I paid $44 billion to defend free speech. It has been an 
amazing service not only to open up the forum to more 
viewpoints, but to point out what the government was doing.
    In this last week, we heard from Mark Zuckerberg who said 
that the pushiness, the coerciveness of government meeting with 
them was unprecedented, and that they pushed back. But he also 
said, worse than them just sort of telling him he should 
restrict speech, they also threatened him. They threatened to 
come after him through antitrust law. They threatened to remove 
parts of Section 230 of the liability protection. Just to 
imagine this bully nature of government.
    I know you are opposed to that, but if you are confirmed 
and you are in a position of saying; we are just no longer 
sending people to meet with media. The way I describe it is to 
talk about constitutionally protected speech. Because some will 
say, ``Oh, well, what about pornography or what about child 
trafficking?'' Those are illegal. Those are not constitution 
protected speech. You have every ability to meet with that.
    But for constitutionally protected speech, will you tell us 
in America that you will no longer be sending government agents 
to meet with the media?
    Ms. Noem. Yes, Senator. I will work with you to ensure that 
civil rights and liberties are protected, and that we are not 
in the misinformation and disinformation space, like the 
current DHS is.
    Chairman Paul. The only other thing I would ask on this 
basis is we will send requests. We sent requests previously, 
sometimes, and often, bipartisan requests, for information. The 
Twitter Files--Michael Shellenberger, Matt Taibbi, Bari Weiss--
did a great job of showing what was happening in Twitter and 
how they were cooperating with government.
    I think the other investigation that needs to occur is, who 
were the people in government they were talking to? Do they 
still work at DHS, and can we make sure that they are not in a 
position of authority? This is not something I am going to tell 
you to do. It's just a request that you have your own 
investigation. That you have people who work for DHS to say; we 
are going to look for people who are bringing their political 
bias to work and trying to influence speech, and restrict 
speech based on their bias, and help us in rooting that out and 
making sure that these people never again have that 
responsibility.
    Because I do not think there's ever been anything like this 
as far as the restriction of speech. I think the election is 
largely going to stop and tilt things the other way. But will 
you help us by looking internally for those who are trying to 
restrict speech?
    Ms. Noem. Senator, I look forward to working with you on 
that mission.
    Chairman Paul. I do not have any other questions now, but I 
think Senator Peters and Senator Blumenthal, and we will see 
how it goes. We are going to start with Senator Peters with one 
more five-minute round.
    Senator Peters. Yes, I will be fairly brief.
    We have had opportunity to talk at length about many 
issues. Again, I appreciate that, Governor. I just want to 
stress, going forward, and we have heard a lot of comments 
here, I think there's been a fair amount of political theater 
not as much as I know exist in other committees.
    I have always strived, and I know Ranking Member, or now 
Chairman Paul, share the notion that we want to be a fact-based 
Committee and try to find tangible solutions to the tough 
problems that we face. Data is important. We have heard a lot 
of numbers being thrown around here. I do not have time to go 
through and challenge those numbers, some of them we do not 
even know where they came from. I do not think that's helpful 
to the very important mission, if confirmed, that you are going 
to be dealing with.
    I hope in the future that we are actually dealing with 
facts. You have mentioned many times that you do want to deal 
with facts and real data. Again, we heard a lot here that's not 
real data. We should not operate that way. If confirmed, when 
we move forward, I am going to look forward to working with you 
based on the facts so you can understand where the real threats 
are, how we need to appropriate resources to make sure we are 
meeting those threats.
    Let us take this hyper-partisanship out of such an 
important issue of homeland security. We have way too much 
partisanship in this country, and it's resulted in a 
polarization of people here. We have to come together as this 
country. We have to lock arms and understand that we are all 
proud Americans. We all want to do what's best for the American 
people and solve the issues so that are before us.
    In that spirit, and certainly you have communicated that 
spirit to me. But in that spirit, I hope if confirmed, that is 
exactly what you will be bringing to this office. Let's move 
away from of this toxic political environment that we have in 
the country and celebrate what's great about our country and 
the spirit of bringing the American people together.
    I have one question before we turn it over to other 
Members. As a Member of this Committee as well as the Armed 
Services Committee, I have focused a great deal on the safe 
integration of drones in our airspace while addressing the 
growing threats that drones possess. We certainly see what 
drones are doing in changing the face of warfare, whether it's 
in Ukraine and other battlefields around the world.
    We are very concerned about the weaponization of those 
drones and what it could mean to the security here in the 
United States. I have proposed comprehensive legislation to 
extend authorities beyond just the FBI, and the Department of 
Justice (DOJ), and Homeland Security to local law enforcement. 
You mentioned in your comments about security for the Super 
Bowl, which is incredibly important, but we have to remember 
that that threat exists for all games.
    In fact, one of the biggest supporters of my legislation is 
the National Football League NFL. In fact, we just had a recent 
playoff game that was delayed because of drones that flew into 
that playoff game. We are very concerned that you could have a 
drone with a grenade or an explosive device, which would be 
absolutely catastrophic. It's absolutely essential that we 
address this threat. What we are seeing around the world and 
what we are seeing in daily activities should be a concern. I 
think this is just a matter of time. It's not if, it's when, 
and we need to be on the front end of that.
    With that in mind, I want to remind folks that Congress 
just recently extended critical Counter-UAS Authority, Counter-
drone Authority, only for a short time basis for the 12th time, 
we only do these little tiny short-term extensions, and we are 
not dealing with the problem comprehensively as we should. 
Those are going to expire on March 14th, a very short time from 
now.
    My question for you, Governor, is if confirmed as DHS 
Secretary, will you commit to working with me and my colleagues 
to pass durable long-term authorities that will protect this 
country from what is a real threat? It's just a matter of time, 
and I do not want to have a horrible incident occur and people 
wonder why we did not take action beforehand. Please address 
that.
    Ms. Noem. Senator, I look forward to working with you in 
this Committee to address the threats we may face and the usage 
of drones in this country, and in relation to our national 
security interests and our Homeland Security interests. Thank 
you for bringing up the conversation today, because it is one 
of the areas within DHS that we have a responsibility to 
address in cooperation with Congress.
    Senator Peters. My first comments on bringing people 
together, please comment on that.
    Ms. Noem. I am looking forward to working with everyone, 
Republicans and Democrats, and everyone else in between that in 
this country that is focused on keeping America safe and secure 
for our future.
    I would just point, Senator, to my background and my 
history. When I came to Congress, I worked with Republicans and 
Democrats on both sides of the aisle on many pieces of 
legislation. I was very happy to do so and focus on priorities 
on where we could agree, knowing we may disagree on some 
issues, but there was areas where we could keep the Federal 
Government accountable and do due diligence by the people that 
pay their taxes, and get up and go to work every single day.
    As Governor, as well, I was Governor for every single 
person in the State of South Dakota, and they were my No. 1 
priority. Everyone knew there that it did not matter if you 
were Republican or Democrat. That my focus was on them, and 
keeping our State thriving and free.
    I look forward to continuing the work that I always have to 
be coming up with solutions and in a bipartisan manner, and 
hopefully my visits to your office and conversations reflected 
that and my intention on how I would conduct the role as the 
Department of Homeland Security Secretary.
    Senator Peters. I got a brief follow-up to that.
    Ms. Noem. Sure.
    Senator Peters. So, it's data and facts that we can all 
agree on that drive our policy and not political theater. Would 
you agree?
    Ms. Noem. Yes, certainly, sir. We need to be addressing 
facts and information rather than political theater. We also 
need to speak truth to facts. I think it's important that we 
are willing to confront our challenges head on and have those 
conversations. You will see me back at your office door very 
soon to continue our work together.
    Senator Peters. Very good. Thank you.
    Chairman Paul. I want to second, basically, what Senator 
Peters has said on like records requests, I have told him and I 
plan on it, it is going to be administration of my party, but 
if he wants records and they are legitimate records, we are 
going to sign requests together, and we would like to get the 
records.
    It also helps, though, and I think Senator Lankford 
mentioned this, is you ask a question, not you, but to the 
administration or any administration, they are like, ``Oh, we 
will get back to you on it.'' Many times, I have even asked in 
advance, and I would suggest that we ask you in advance 
together. We ask in advance, if you are coming in a month, we 
say, we want this data, be prepared to talk about it. If you 
are, you will have many more friends on both sides.
    Because what usually happens, and that's why I do not like 
springing the question, if it's a technical question that needs 
data, we are going to tell you in advance. At least I will. We 
want you to come prepared with that. That goes a long way 
because really what happens is we get stiff-armed. They say, we 
will get back to you, and we have no way to force you really 
other than we could cut the money off. And nobody ever does 
that.
    But you will have 200,000 people working for you. My 
goodness, send your experts out, scour the records. It is true, 
I mean, facts are difficult, and sometimes there's different 
spins on the same set of facts, but I think that will help.
    On the drones, I think we need more facts. I am more than 
willing to work with the Ranking Member on doing something on 
drones, but I do not want every sheriff out there shooting up 
in the sky at stuff. We got to figure out, we got to get the 
truth about do we really have drones everywhere flying all the 
time? How many of them are planes? How many of them are drones? 
Let's go through this and then let's figure out, and then let's 
talk about how we bring drones down.
    If we interrupt and collect a lot of cellular signal 
through that, are we doing it with a warrant? What are we going 
to do with all the Americans data that we have collected to 
take down drones? If we have to take a wholesale tower's worth 
of data, there's a lot of innocent people's data going to be 
collected in that. Is that being gotten rid of?
    I think there are ways we can get to the right place. 
Everybody, obviously, nobody wants drones coming down. The only 
other thing that I would add on drones before I turn over to 
Senator Lankford is, look, I am all for the NFL being 
protected. The Super Bowl being protected. They need to pay. 
They are a very rich organization. They want drones flying over 
in New Orleans. I am all for it. The NFL ought to pay the 
government if the government's doing it, or we ought to have 
private contractors doing it, but they should not just get it 
for free. Senator Lankford.
    Senator Lankford. Thank you. Thanks, again. Senator Paul, 
you will remember this, there used to be a public-facing 
website that all Americans could actually get the data, what's 
happening on the border, what's actually moving. Then when the 
numbers got bad, that seemed to disappear, and then we could 
not even get the data anymore.
    I look forward to actually finding ways to be able to have 
everybody have the ability to be able to see some of this data 
as well on it. There's a reason that the DHS Secretary is the 
very first week of nominations. This is a really important 
role, and it is a nonpartisan role. It is a national security 
role, and we are grateful that you stepped into this. But it is 
important that we actually get you on the task to be able to 
make sure that it's out there.
    You mentioned earlier in your testimony that we do have a 
morale problem at DHS right now. I think a lot of that is 
because people that signed up to be Federal law enforcement, to 
be able to protect the United States of America, have felt like 
they have been sidelined and they have not been able to do 
their job that they are really signed up for.
    What I am hearing from you is you are going to allow them 
to do their job again. What has been historically true for a 
long time, that Federal law enforcement is there to actually 
help protect the country and the citizens in those communities, 
that you are going to allow them to do that. That is helpful.
    Two quick things that I want to be able to mention on this. 
One is, right now, just in the structure of this, and we can 
talk about this a different time, but CBP facilities that are 
along the border are really run by a different entity called 
General Services Administration (GSA). They are not allowed to 
be able to do updates on their facilities or to design their 
facilities. Somebody who lives 3,000 miles away and who does 
not actually do border patrol work, they actually design and 
oversee their facilities. That's a problem that we have to be 
able to fix.
    We have worked to be able to give more flexibility to CBP. 
That when they have difficulty and challenges there, they have 
the ability to be able to make those changes. But I am not 
going to ask you to make a commitment to this because this is 
just one of those detailed areas, but will you commit in the 
future to working with us? That this Committee and you can work 
together to be able to figure out how the folks that are on the 
field can actually make decisions about the facilities they 
work in?
    Ms. Noem. Yes, Senator, I commit to working with you on 
that issue.
    Senator Lankford. That's terrific. Then I had a constituent 
in Oklahoma that is a hunter, like you are, like I am. He had a 
bag that he had some additional rounds that were in his bag 
that were left over from a hunting trip months before he packed 
his bag. Went on a vacation trip overseas. Went through 
security with his bag, when he got overseas and then left and 
came back, they scanned his bag and said, you have bullets, you 
have rounds in your bag. And he had, five that were in his bag 
that he did not even remember were left over in an outside 
pocket from a hunting trip before. They promptly put him in 
jail, and held him there and detained him there. Now, we worked 
through all the process to be able to get him back.
    My question is that same bag went through Transportation 
Security Administration (TSA) security in my State before it 
went through security overseas. One of the questions that I 
have asked is why were those rounds picked up there and not 
here? Now, we do not have the full answer to that yet, but 
that's just one of those TSA questions that we need to have. 
Americans right now are on planes all over the country, and 
they count on a certain level of security when they go through 
that process.
    In the days ahead, will you work with me to be able to 
identify what are the challenges that we still face with the 
screening process, and to be able to correct those for the 
security of all Americans.
    Ms. Noem. Yes, Senator, I will work with you on that.
    Senator Lankford. Thank you.
    Ms. Noem. I was surprised TSA did not come up more today, 
but that is an area in need of reform as well, and I look 
forward to working with you there.
    Senator Lankford. I look forward to that. Thank you. I 
yield back.
    Chairman Paul. The government needs a healthy dose of 
common sense. You know, bullets in your bag. I had a guy with 
bullets in the back of his pickup truck coming back from 
Mexico. We arrested him and took his truck. Only because the 
Institute of Justice fought for him for three years did he get 
his truck back. I mean, that's crazy. The things we do. Let's 
have some common sense, and hopefully someone overseeing it 
will allow that. Senator Blumenthal, you are going to finish 
this up.
    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you, Chairman Paul.
    I am the last of your questioners, so that means I get 
unlimited amounts of time. [Laughter.]
    Ms. Noem. OK.
    Senator Blumenthal. No, not really. Not even close. I want 
to sort of continue the emphasis on bipartisanship and most 
especially on immigration reform. What this nation needs is 
comprehensive immigration reform. We know about the need for 
more H1-B visas, and other kinds of extensions of the visa 
program that enable the United States to have more workers that 
are desperately needed in certain areas of our country.
    We know that there has to be better border security 
generally. We know we need to provide some kind of path to earn 
citizenship for a lot of the undocumented people in this 
country. We know it's possible because we did it in 2013. The 
U.S. Senate, as you will recall, passed a comprehensive 
immigration reform measure, overwhelmingly, it was bipartisan.
    I was proud to be a part of it going through the Judiciary 
committee, but obviously, it will involve Homeland Security. I 
hope that we can continue, as Senator Lankford was a part of 
the effort in the last session, to expand on those efforts and 
move forward on a bipartisan basis toward bipartisan 
comprehensive immigration reform.
    I want to talk to you a little bit about domestic terrorism 
which we discussed during my previous round, and I know you 
have discussed it afterward, including not just migrant crime 
and radicalization by ISIS, which are real and present 
problems. I also want to ask you about domestic terrorism 
events unrelated to groups outside our borders. We have seen a 
rise in antisemitism in this country. It has spiked beyond any 
prediction. I want to know of your concerned with anti-Semite 
racist events; Charlottesville, Buffalo, Pittsburgh. There's a 
shorthand for these violent terrorist acts against people in 
the United States.
    Ms. Noem. Yes, Senator. I am very concerned about what we 
have seen in this country as far as antisemitic violence that 
has happened. In fact, last year during our legislative 
session, I brought legislation to more clearly define it so 
that we could fight it in our home State. I am hopeful I can 
work with you to continue to do what we can to make sure that 
we are addressing this rising threat and not facilitating it in 
this country.
    Senator Blumenthal. I just want to make sure that when you 
say we are protecting Americans against terrorism, that we are 
protecting all Americans, including, people in mosques, in 
churches, in synagogues, people regardless of their worship, 
their race, their background. We need to protect all Americans 
from antisemitism, racism, Islamophobia. I hope you will commit 
to that effort.
    Ms. Noem. Yes, correct. Thank you, Senator, and I look 
forward to working with you to do that.
    Senator Blumenthal. In my closing minute and a half, I just 
want to call your attention to an effort that I have led to 
help reunite children with their parents, children who were 
separated as a result of the so-called family separation policy 
in the last administration.
    I have introduced a measure called Keep Families Together, 
not only to limit separation of families at or near ports of 
entry. But also, the Families Belong Together Act for several 
Congresses to help bring the children, the kids who were 
victims of this policy, and who still are not back with their 
parents. I hope that you will support that kind of effort.
    Ms. Noem. Senator, the Trump Administration never had a 
family separation policy. They had a zero-tolerance policy, 
which said that our laws would be followed. What I'm alarmed by 
is the over 300,000 children that went missing during the Biden 
Administration. When we talk about children and what they are 
potentially facing as far as victimization in this country, and 
the trafficking that's going on this administration's lack of 
desire to find out where those children are or what they may be 
going through is alarming to me.
    I want to stop that.
    Senator Blumenthal. Because, my time is expiring, I am just 
going to interrupt, again, with apologies, to say let's put 
aside----
    Ms. Noem. I cannot put aside 340,000 children.
    Senator Blumenthal. Let's put aside what happened in the 
past. There are still 1,000 children who are separated and 
waiting to be reunited. I would like your commitment that you 
are going to continue the effort to reunite them with their 
parents.
    Ms. Noem. Senator, keeping families together is critically 
important to me and to this country. I am concerned about Laken 
Riley's family that they no longer have her. I am concerned 
about the fact that we have people in this country that do not 
know where their children are, or people in other countries who 
sent their children here and they have been lost by this 
administration.
    Yes, my focus will be to keep families together. We will 
uphold our law, and we will make sure that we are doing 
everything we can to keep our children safe from the 
trafficking and the drug epidemic that's hit this country.
    Senator Blumenthal. I am going to end on an optimistic note 
and say I take that as a yes. Thank you, Mr. Chair.
    Ms. Noem. Thank you, sir.
    Chairman Paul. Thank you for your testimony. The nominee 
has filed responses to biographical\1\ and financial 
questionnaires, answered pre-hearing questions submitted by the 
committee, and had their financial statements reviewed by the 
Office of Government Ethics.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ The information for Ms. Noem appears in the Appendix on page 
59.
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    Without objection, this information will be part of the 
hearing record with the exception of the financial data which 
are on file and available for public inspection in the 
Committee offices.
    The hearing will remain open until 5 p.m. today, Friday, 
January 17th for the submission of statements and questions for 
the record. This hearing is adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 11:33 a.m., the hearing was adjourned.]

                            A P P E N D I X

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