[House Hearing, 119 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                      DELIVERING FOR VETERANS AND
                  CAREGIVERS: YEAR ONE OF THE DOLE ACT
=======================================================================

                                HEARING

                               BEFORE THE

                       SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND 
                              INVESTIGATIONS

                                 OF THE

                     COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS

                     U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                             SECOND SESSION

                               __________

                        WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 2026

                               __________

                           Serial No. 119-49

                               __________

       Printed for the use of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs
       
[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]       

                    Available via http://govinfo.gov
                    
                              __________
                              
                    U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE
63-836                     WASHINGTON : 2026
=======================================================================
                   
                     COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS

                     MIKE BOST, Illinois, Chairman

AUMUA AMATA COLEMAN RADEWAGEN,       MARK TAKANO, California, Ranking 
    American Samoa, Vice-Chairwoman      Member
JACK BERGMAN, Michigan               JULIA BROWNLEY, California
NANCY MACE, South Carolina           CHRIS PAPPAS, New Hampshire
MARIANNETTE MILLER-MEEKS, Iowa       SHEILA CHERFILUS-MCCORMICK, 
GREGORY F. MURPHY, North Carolina        Florida
DERRICK VAN ORDEN, Wisconsin         MORGAN MCGARVEY, Kentucky
MORGAN LUTTRELL, Texas               DELIA RAMIREZ, Illinois
JUAN CISCOMANI, Arizona              NIKKI BUDZINSKI, Illinois
KEITH SELF, Texas                    TIMOTHY M. KENNEDY, New York
JEN KIGGANS, Virginia                MAXINE DEXTER, Oregon
ABE HAMADEH, Arizona                 HERB CONAWAY, New Jersey
KIMBERLYN KING-HINDS, Northern       KELLY MORRISON, Minnesota
    Mariana Islands
TOM BARRETT, Michigan

                       Jon Clark, Staff Director
                  Matt Reel, Democratic Staff Director

              SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS

                   JEN KIGGANS, Virginia, Chairwoman

AUMUA AMATA COLEMAN RADEWAGEN,       DELIA RAMIREZ, Illinois, Ranking 
    American Samoa                       Member
JUAN CISCOMANI, Arizona              TIMOTHY M. KENNEDY, New York
KEITH SELF, Texas                    HERB CONAWAY, New Jersey

Pursuant to clause 2(e)(4) of Rule XI of the Rules of the House, public 
hearing records of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs are also 
published in electronic form. The printed hearing record remains the 
official version. Because electronic submissions are used to prepare 
both printed and electronic versions of the hearing record, the process 
of converting between various electronic formats may introduce 
unintentional errors or omissions. Such occurrences are inherent in the 
current publication process and should diminish as the process is 
further refined.
                         C  O  N  T  E  N  T  S

                              ----------                              

                        WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 2026

                                                                   Page

                           OPENING STATEMENTS

The Honorable Jen Kiggans, Chairwoman............................     1
The Honorable Delia Ramirez, Ranking Member......................     3

                               WITNESSES
                                Panel I

Dr. Thomas O'Toole, Acting Assistant Under Secretary for Health 
  for Clinical Services, Veterans Health Administration, U.S. 
  Department of Veterans Affairs.................................     5

        Accompanied by:

    Dr. Mark Koeniger, Acting Assistant Under Secretary for 
        Health for Patient Care Services, Veterans Health 
        Administration, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

    Mr. Kenneth Smith, Executive Director of Education Service, 
        Veterans Benefits Administration, U.S. Department of 
        Veterans Affairs

Ms. Sharon Silas, Director, Health Care, U.S. Government 
  Accountability Office..........................................     7

                                APPENDIX
                    Prepared Statements Of Witnesses

Dr. Thomas O'Toole Prepared Statement............................    25
Ms. Sharon Silas Prepared Statement..............................    28

                       Statements For The Record

Elizabeth Dole Foundation Prepared Statement.....................    49

 
                      DELIVERING FOR VETERANS AND
                  CAREGIVERS: YEAR ONE OF THE DOLE ACT

                              ----------                              


                        WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 2026

             Subcommittee on Oversight and 
                            Investigations,
                    Committee on Veterans' Affairs,
                             U.S. House of Representatives,
                                                    Washington, DC.
    The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:45 p.m., in 
room 360, Cannon House Office Building, Hon. Jen Kiggans 
[chairwoman of the subcommittee] presiding.
    Present: Representatives Kiggans, Radewagen, Ciscomani, 
Self, Ramirez, and Kennedy.

          OPENING STATEMENT OF JEN KIGGANS, CHAIRWOMAN

    Ms. Kiggans. Good afternoon, everyone. This subcommittee 
will come to order.
    I would like to welcome everyone to this subcommittee 
hearing to discuss the implementation of the Senator Elizabeth 
Dole 21st Century Veterans Healthcare and Benefits Improvement 
Act. This landmark bill, led by House Republicans and my friend 
Representative Ciscomani from Arizona, made a slew of changes 
at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to modernize 
healthcare delivery, especially for aging veterans.
    First, I would like to take a pause and ask that everyone 
joining us that we keep the servicemembers deployed to the 
Middle East and in harm's way in our thoughts and in our 
prayers, as well as the families of the six servicemembers who 
recently gave their lives.
    Today's hearing is about oversight, accountability, 
ensuring that the promises Congress made to veterans, 
caregivers, and their families are fully realized. While 
veterans and their caregivers are beginning to feel the 
benefits of this legislation, VA and Congress' work is not 
done. Last year Congress passed with bipartisan support the 
Dole Act with the goal of improving veterans' access to 
education, healthcare, and programs designed to prevent and 
reduce veteran homelessness. This was a sweeping, bipartisan, 
bicameral package negotiated and supported by members in both 
the House and the Senate, Democrats and Republicans alike, 
united by a shared commitment to those who served.
    The Dole Act represented one of the most comprehensive 
veterans reform package in recent years and I was proud to 
support it. This legislation moves the needle to modernize VA 
healthcare delivery, strengthen support for caregivers, expand 
access to education and job training, improve long-term care, 
address rural health disparities, and reduce veteran 
homelessness. It was designed to make systemic improvements, 
not incremental tweaks across the continuum of care for 
veterans and their families.
    The Dole Act included my Caregiver Outreach and Program 
Enhancement Act, or COPE Act, which intended to establish a 
grant program to provide mental healthcare to family caregivers 
supporting their veteran family members. The COPE Act was meant 
to recognize that when we care for veterans, we must also 
support those who care for them. Family caregivers are the 
backbone of our long-term care system, often sacrificing 
careers, financial stability, and their own health to support 
their loved ones.
    As a veteran, the daughter of a veteran, the wife of a 
veteran, and the mom to a future veteran and a healthcare 
provider, I understand the importance of investing in our 
veteran communities to improve health outcomes. I understand 
firsthand the sacrifices military families make and the strain 
that caregiving can place on spouses and loved ones. That 
perspective makes oversight of this law not just a policy 
responsibility for me, but a personal one.
    To my dismay, it appears the VA has not followed the 
congressional intent of the COPE Act yet and, to my knowledge, 
has not followed many other provisions within the Dole Act. Now 
I am asking the VA to follow congressional intent and fulfill 
all statutory promises in the Dole Act, and today we will 
hopefully get a follow-up and hear about the progress that is 
being made.
    Failure to carry out the will of Congress is unacceptable 
and I hope my colleagues will be united in demanding 
accountability from the VA. Passing a bill and having it signed 
into law is only one part of our job, sometimes the easiest 
part. The most important part of our responsibility is ensuring 
that the law is faithfully and efficiently implemented in full 
alignment with congressional intent on behalf of the veterans 
and families it seeks to benefit. Oversight is not optional. It 
Is a constitutional obligation. Today's hearing is about making 
sure this landmark law does not fall short in execution.
    Over a year after enactment, 55 out of 72 sections are 
currently in progress. The VA says it is on track to implement 
most sections within the timeframes required, but two on track 
sections are set to expire in less than a year. Section 106, 
which would increase access to dental care, is set to end 
January 2027, and it is my understanding that only one phase of 
the pilot program has been rolled out. Section 143, which 
covers ambulance costs for veterans in rural areas, is set to 
sunset in September of this year. The VA has not fully 
implemented this provision.
    These are not minor provisions. These are real benefits 
affecting real veterans: access to dental care, emergency 
transportation in rural communities, and essential services 
that directly impact health outcomes. When implementation lags 
and sunset dates approach, veterans are the ones who pay the 
price.
    Another eight sections have been marked as at risk or 
behind schedule. For example, the Veteran Employment Through 
Technology Education Courses (VET TEC) Pilot Program to improve 
short-term training and employment opportunities in specialized 
high-tech fields is behind schedule, putting implementation at 
risk.
    Congress and this committee are delivering on the promises 
we have made to the veteran community. The VA needs to mobilize 
and fully implement the Dole Act. This bipartisan, bicameral 
package was meant to drive sweeping improvements, not sit in 
prolonged implementation. Veterans, caregivers, and their 
families upheld their end of the bargain through service and 
sacrifice. Congress upheld its end by passing comprehensive 
reform. Now the VA must uphold its end by executing the law 
with urgency, transparency, and accountability.
    Today, we are not here to relitigate the merits of the Dole 
Act. We are here to ensure that it succeeds because the true 
measure of this legislation will not be the vote tally that 
passed it, but whether veterans on the ground feel the 
difference in their daily lives. I look forward to hearing from 
our witnesses about concrete timelines, measurable benchmarks, 
and the specific steps the VA is taking to ensure that every 
section of this law is implemented as Congress intended.
    I now recognize Ranking Member Ramirez for her opening 
comments.

       OPENING STATEMENT OF DELIA RAMIREZ, RANKING MEMBER

    Ms. Ramirez. Thank you, Chair Kiggans.
    It has been 225 days since our last Oversight and 
Investigations Subcommittee hearing, so it is critical that we 
are back finally at dais. A lot has happened since our last 
subcommittee hearing. Secretary Collins has continued to 
attack, erode, and disrespect the VA workforce. He has tried to 
strip away veterans' earned benefits through a cruel Interim 
Final Rule (IFR), only to be swiftly met with so much 
opposition from veterans in Congress that he was forced to 
retreat. We witnessed U.S. Department of Homeland Security 
(DHS) and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) 
terrorize our communities, including our veterans, and execute 
one of our neighbors, including Alex Pretti, a VA nurse.
    Now the President has started an illegal war with Iran to 
consolidate power, enrich himself and his donors. He is sending 
servicemembers into harm's way. I am concerned that because of 
Secretary Collins' leadership, what is left of VA will not be 
adequate to meet servicemember needs when they return.
    Why am I concerned? Let me tell you why, because Secretary 
Collins' legacy thus far has been dismantling VA and eroding 
veteran benefits instead of improving the lives of the veterans 
we are supposed to be serving. That much is clear from the fact 
that the VA has not made much progress in implementing the 
bipartisan Dole Act since it was signed into law over 14 months 
ago. In defiance of Congress' authority, the vast majority of 
the law has not been, in fact, implemented, leaving the most 
vulnerable veterans without the resources that Congress 
approved for them.
    Let us start, for example, veteran homelessness. In the 
Dole Act, we included bills from my Democratic colleagues that 
gave VA crucial authorities that communities need to address 
and end veteran homelessness. We actually increased the Grant 
Per Diem (GPD) rate and authorized the VA to purchase basic 
necessities for homeless veterans. Having been the executive 
director of a homeless service agency myself, I understand that 
oftentimes organizations have to do more with less. I know that 
every resource and every dollar matters when you are trying to 
provide the best service possible with very limited means.
    VA worked with committee staff for over a year to refine 
the homeless sections of the Dole Act before it was signed into 
law. The VA assured us that providing these increased resources 
to community providers and to homeless veterans would be simple 
as a, quote, ``turning on a light switch'' once the bill would 
pass. Under the Biden administration, VA was prepared. Yet 
under Collins' disappointing, dysfunctional, and delinquent 
leadership, it has taken over a year to implement the most 
critical parts of the Dole Act.
    Homeless service providers are left receiving a paltry $85 
a day to provide transitional housing services to veterans 
instead of the $128 a day we had actually authorized in the 
law. Community providers are left with the GPD program--
community providers have left the GPD Program in droves while 
they waited for the relief promised by Congress. Those exits 
create service gaps that are impacting our veterans every 
single day.
    Communities view VA Undersecretary Collins as an unreliable 
partner in the fight to end veteran homelessness and, frankly, 
I agree with them. Due to his delays, homeless veterans are 
also left without access to their basic needs, another critical 
resource Congress authorized in the Dole Act. We gave VA the 
authority to use funds to be able to pay for food, for shelter, 
for clothing, for transportation for homeless veterans to get 
to and from job interviews or for medical appointments. Every 
single day that passes, and Doug Collins fails to implement 
approved provisions of the Dole Act, he is defying 
congressional authority. Every day that passes that a veteran 
experiences homelessness on the streets of our country, they 
are left without the resources that they need to become stably 
housed. That, to me, is shameful, it is irresponsible, and it 
is a harmful failure of the Secretary.
    Let me talk to you about another shameful note. I want to 
discuss the staffing provisions of the Dole Act that have yet 
to be implemented. You see, section 146 required VA to develop 
and implement staffing models to ensure VA has the workforce it 
needs to provide care and benefits to the veterans. Staffing 
models are essential for aligning personal resources so they 
can be used efficiently, so that the workers with the right 
skills are in the right place at the right time.
    Folks listening may recall that the Veterans Health 
Administration (VHA) is currently undergoing a massive 
reorganization, which we discussed at a full committee hearing 
just last month. One would think that a reorganization of this 
magnitude of the largest integrated health system in the 
country would incorporate staffing models. By VA's own 
admission, they have not complied with the Dole Act and lack 
staffing models for the vast majority of the medical facilities 
service lines.
    Which begs the question, what is the evidence that the VHA 
reorganization is, in fact, needed? How can we be sure that the 
VA is making the correct changes if its leadership does not 
even know how many staff it needs and where they need them? 
Even worse, let me ask you this question. Why is VA cutting 
vacant positions if they do not have staffing models developed?
    VA provided data to my staff a couple weeks ago and over 
26,000 positions that were cut from the books. The details of 
those cuts are alarming. For months, VA has told us that these 
are quote, ``old COVID era vacancies for positions that are no 
longer needed at the agency.'' Let me tell you that the data, 
it paints an entirely different picture about the same nature 
of these cuts. You see over 18,000, not hundred, 18,000 of the 
positions VA cut had a person in that job in 2025 or even 2026. 
This included positions for nearly 3,000 nurses, 800 social 
workers, 300 psychologists, and over a thousand physicians who 
were on the job in 2025. These VA positions were discarded at 
the hands of the Secretary's reckless leadership and they are 
not going to be backfilled.
    Chair Kiggans, the medical center that serves your 
constituents had the most cuts of any VA facility in the 
country; 733 of the positions VA cut were at the Hampton VA 
Medical Center. At the facilities that serve my constituents in 
Chicago, Jesse Brown and Hines, 717 positions were cut. In 
addition to those 26,000 positions that were wiped from VA's 
books since Secretary Collins was sworn in the VA, he has 
showed a net 30,000 employees representing centuries' worth of 
experiences. Those losses included over 1,100 doctors, 2,300 
registered nurses, 700 more social workers, and nearly 300 
psychologists.
    All of these cuts and losses were made with no staffing 
models in place as required by the law. Cut after cut after 
cut, with no analysis of how veteran care and benefits would be 
affected. It is the definition of negligence.
    The Secretary and his political appointees intentionally 
misled and lied to Congress about the nature of these cuts. 
Secretary Collins is failing at the most fundamental part of 
his job, ensuring that veterans have access to world class care 
at the VA. It is why this hearing is so important. It is why we 
have to hold them accountable. I look forward to the 
conversation that we have in this hearing today.
    With that, Chair, I yield back.
    Ms. Kiggans. Thank you, Ranking Member Ramirez.
    I will now recognize our witnesses on our first panel. 
Testifying before us today, we have Dr. Thomas O'Toole, acting 
assistant undersecretary for Health for Clinical Services at 
the Veterans Health Administration. Dr. Mark Koeniger, acting 
assistant under secretary for Health and Patient Services of 
the Veterans Health Administration. Mr. Kenneth Smith, 
executive director, Education Services at the Veterans Benefit 
Administration. We also have Ms. Sharon Silas, director of 
health for the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO).
    Will the witnesses please stand and raise their right hand?
    [Witnesses sworn.]
    Ms. Kiggans. Thank you and you may be seated. Let the 
record reflect that the witnesses answered in the affirmative.
    Dr. O'Toole, you are now recognized for 5 minutes to 
provide the VA's testimony.

                  STATEMENT OF THOMAS O'TOOLE

    Dr. O'Toole. Good afternoon, Chairwoman Kiggans, Ranking 
Member Ramirez, and distinguished members of the committee. 
Joining me today are Dr. Mark Koeniger, acting assistant under 
secretary for Health and Patient Care Services, and Mr. Ken 
Smith, executive director of Education Services at Veterans 
Benefits Administration (VBA). It is an honor to be here to 
discuss progress implementing the Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st 
Century Healthcare and Benefits Improvement Act.
    First, thank you for this legislation and what it will 
accomplish. Within VA alone, the Dole Act mandates implementing 
more than 40 enhancements, new guidelines, or new programs; 
executing six new pilot programs; conducting outreach and 
releasing new online tools for veterans, patients, and coroner/
medical examiners; and completing 50 new congressional mandated 
reports. Given the scope and breadth of the legislation, VA 
moved oversight of Dole Act implementation to the Office of the 
Secretary, ensuring senior most oversight. As of December 2025, 
the new Office of Strategic Initiatives is the responsible 
office.
    The lack of funding has been a hurdle, requiring us to 
change priorities and in some instances use funding from 
multiple areas to deliver on some of the sections. That said, 
we have made significant progress implementing this important 
legislation. Of the 72 sections, VA has fully implemented 25 
and we are diligently working on the remaining sections with 
significant progress being made. I would like to briefly 
highlight key accomplishments within VHA, VBA, and National 
Cemetery Administration (NCA), which are leading to 
transformative changes for veterans and their families.
    Section 101 of the Dole Act eliminated an unnecessary layer 
of approval, allowing veterans to access community care when in 
their best medical interest.
    Section 120 increased coverage for noninstitutional care 
alternatives from 65 percent to 100 percent of nursing home 
costs and the authority to exceed that cap for veterans with 
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), spinal cord injuries, and 
similar conditions. This enables more veterans to receive care 
at home, preserving independence and dignity.
    Section 402 expanded per diem payments for homeless 
veterans to 133 percent of the State home domiciliary rate and 
up to 200 percent for sites identifying--meeting identified 
criteria. To date, 150 sites have availed of the 133 percent 
increase and 40 sites have applied for the 200 percent rate.
    Section 149 requires an independent assessment of the 
National Veterans Suicide Prevention Annual Report and 
development of a public toolkit for coroners and medical 
examiners to improve reporting accuracy. The independent 
assessment was completed in January 2026.
    VA has experienced some challenges with the implementation 
of 143 and to a much lesser extent 129, and we welcome the 
opportunity to work with the subcommittee to ensure that VA can 
provide the benefits and services intended.
    The Dole Act expanded the VA's Native American Direct Loan 
Program, giving Native American veterans more opportunities to 
purchase, build, improve, or refinance homes on trust land. VA 
is also hiring additional coordinators to support these 
veterans and their families.
    Section 212 reestablished the Veterans Technology Education 
Courses program. VA has scheduled implementation of the managed 
service claims processing capability for the end of third 
quarter 2026 and published the student application in the 
Federal Register in December 2025.
    VA has also made progress implementing section 215, linking 
the GI Bill comparison tool to the Department of Education's 
College Navigator and is working to incorporate additional 
data.
    Of note, VA's conversion from the benefits delivery network 
to the Digital GI Bill has impacted full implementation of 
sections 208, 210, and 212, as well as recent court decisions. 
We will continue to provide updates to Congress in our calls 
and briefings.
    Section 301 expands burial allowances for veterans who die 
at home while receiving VA hospice care, ensuring families 
receive timely support.
    Section 302 improves outreach to States and Tribal 
governments to ensure veterans and their families are aware of 
burial and memorial benefits they have earned.
    Chairwoman Kiggans and Ranking Member Ramirez, this 
concludes my statement. We appreciate the opportunity to speak 
before you today and welcome any questions you or other members 
of the subcommittee may have. Thank you for your continued 
support of veterans, their families, caregivers, and survivors, 
and the many VA programs that serve them.

    [The Prepared Statement Of Thomas O'Toole Appears In The 
Appendix]

    Ms. Kiggans. Thank you, Dr. O'Toole.
    Ms. Silas, you are now recognized for 5 minutes to provide 
your testimony.

                   STATEMENT OF SHARON SILAS

    Ms. Silas. Chairwoman Kiggans, Ranking Member Ramirez, and 
members of the subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity to 
be here today to discuss VA's progress implementing 
requirements in the Elizabeth Dole Act.
    The Dole Act authorized significant expansions to 
healthcare programs and support for veterans. Today I would 
like to highlight GAO's work in two areas that are addressed in 
the law: the Veterans Community Care Program and the Caregiver 
Support Program.
    First, the Dole Act contains a number of provisions for VA 
that are intended to improve the agency's healthcare 
operations, including community care. Relatedly, GAO has a long 
history of review reviewing the Community Care Program, 
including some of the more recent changes to how referrals are 
processed and appointments are scheduled. In a little more than 
10 years, the Community Care Program has tripled in size and 
represents nearly 42 percent of all VA healthcare appointments. 
With that expansion, the administrative processes at VA 
facilities have become more complex and continue to be labor 
intensive.
    Through this growth, the Veterans Health Administration has 
made new, numerous changes to how the program is administered 
in order to gain efficiencies and ensure that veterans 
understand their healthcare options. In 2020, we issued a 
report on VA's implementation of the Veterans Community Care 
Program. In that review, we described the timeliness of 
processing referrals and scheduling appointments. We made three 
recommendations to VA in that report, two that remain open, 
including that VHA assess the staffing and resource needed to 
process community care referrals and schedule appointments. We 
also recommended the agency set standards for monitoring the 
appointment scheduling process, including the receipt of care 
with a community care provider.
    We also issued two reports in 2025 addressing two key VHA 
efforts: the establishment of the VHA's Integrated Veteran Care 
Office, or IVC; and the Implementation of the Referral 
Coordination Initiative.
    The creation of the IVC was an organizational reform to 
address VHA's progressively complex processes to manage 
healthcare delivery at facilities and through the Community 
Care Program. It consolidated the management of VA healthcare 
delivered in the facilities and through community care with the 
intent of improving coordination and ensuring veterans receive 
seamless access to care.
    The Referral Coordination Initiative was created to ensure 
veterans understood their care options and to also create 
efficiencies for facilities in processing referrals and 
scheduling appointments. In both reports, we highlight 
deficiencies in the implementation of these efforts that 
ultimately can impact veterans access to care. Recommendations 
from both of those reviews remain open.
    As VHA prepares to go through additional changes, including 
restructuring and the next generation of community care 
contracts, it is critical that the agency ensure it has the 
effective management structures in place to ensure veterans' 
timely access to care. Addressing GAO's outstanding 
recommendations and addressing the mandates in the Dole Act 
will help VA to ensure veterans receive consistent, high-
quality healthcare.
    The second program that I would like to highlight is VA's 
Caregiver Support Program. The Caregiver Support Program plays 
a critical role in supporting caregivers who assist veterans 
who have suffered serious injuries with essential tasks of 
everyday living. There are currently about 98,000 caregivers 
participating in the program. Given the toll that daily 
caregiving can take on caregivers' mental health, ensuring VHA 
effectively spreads awareness about the mental health support 
it offers to caregivers is essential to ensuring that 
interested caregivers participate in the program and they 
receive the help that they need. The Dole Act includes a number 
of provisions to bolster the supports for caregivers caring for 
veterans, including a mandate for GAO to review mental health 
support for caregivers.
    Our work is ongoing, however, I will preview some 
preliminary findings. In our report, we describe a variety of 
services to support caregivers' mental health and well being, 
such as individual therapy, support groups, respite care, among 
others. We also identified some challenges caregivers 
experience in accessing the services, including the limited 
ability to travel to receive support in person. In our report, 
we describe some steps VHA has taken to address these 
challenges, such as creating a virtual psychotherapy program 
for caregivers.
    However, our preliminary findings also show that VHA has 
not fully implemented performance management practices for 
ensuring veterans and their caregivers are aware of the 
program. Effective implementation of performance management 
practices is not just a bureaucratic exercise. Following the 
practice of setting program goals with targets and timeframes, 
collecting data to measure progress toward those goals, and 
then using that information to assess results and informed 
decisions on any adjustments to those efforts can help to 
ensure the program is meeting its intended results: getting 
caregivers the support they need.
    The requirements for VA in the Elizabeth Dole Act align 
with many of the findings and recommendations from GAO's 
reviews. VA's adoptions of those recommendations would aid the 
Department's progress toward implementing the Dole Act's 
provisions.
    That concludes my prepared statement. Thank you.

    [The Prepared Statement Of Sharon Silas Appears In The 
Appendix]

    Ms. Kiggans. Thank you, Ms. Silas.
    We will now move to questions and I yield myself 5 minutes.
    I want to ask a quick question to Mr. Smith. Can you talk, 
I know you guys all kind of overviewed some of the work that 
the VA has done to implement the Dole Act, and can you just 
briefly describe what the education outreach has been, that has 
been done to educate veterans, their families, and community 
care partners, too, just about these new resources that are 
available to veterans? Are we putting pamphlets in waiting 
areas or are we sending email? What does that outreach look 
like?
    I know as a primary care provider we often had a large 
group of veteran patients. It was challenging to understand the 
resources the VA has out there and we have put so many good 
things in place and a lot of good changes in motion. I just 
want to know how we are communicating with veterans and their 
families that these things are now available.
    Mr. Smith. Thank you for the question. For our education 
programs, our outreach is predominantly through our website. We 
have published a number of--information on our website, as well 
as provide marketing to our students directly through email 
campaigns. Last, our Veterans Service Organization (VSO) 
community, they are a great partner in disseminating 
information.
    Ms. Kiggans. The VSOs are a good source, and I get the VA 
emails as a veteran, married to a veteran. I do not think I 
ever visited the VA website before my current job, so I do not 
do a lot of visit--I do not know how many veterans out there 
actively--maybe if they are Google searching. I just--that 
outreach piece, there is a lot of primary caregivers out there, 
and there is probably a lot of patients sitting in waiting 
rooms. A poster, I am thinking of even the technology 
integration we see in waiting rooms, you know, just letting 
people know. I think that is one of our hardest parts. We have 
great benefits, but what are those benefits, and communicating 
that, so.
    Keep in mind our primary care, our civilian counterparts as 
well, we all take care of veterans. I have a large veteran 
community in Hampton Roads, so it was just always a challenge, 
you know. I had a great office manager who would do that 
research and try to connect with the VA. Even as a veteran 
provider, I did not even know all the resources that were out 
there, so I think that is half our battle. I am just throwing 
that out there.
    Then going to Dr. O'Toole, the Dole Act has reoriented VA 
healthcare to put the best medical interests first in each 
veteran. I applaud the VA for enacting this provision. It saves 
lives. However, the VA was marked section 122 complete, and 
that is the operative section of my bill, the COPE Act. It has 
come to my attention that VA decided not to issue any grants 
specifically under this program.
    Just wondering, Dr. O'Toole, why that law has not been 
fully acted about the grants? There was 10 million--
specifically, there was $10 million appropriated for the 
program in Fiscal Year 2025 and another 10 million appropriated 
in Fiscal Year 2026. Just wondering where that money went.
    Dr. O'Toole. Thank you, Congresswoman. I appreciate that. 
That is the awards contract for mental healthcare for family 
caregiver support. My colleague, Dr. Koeniger, I believe, is 
better situated to comment on that.
    Dr. Koeniger. The caregiver support, particularly in the 
mental health realm, we have implemented the Virtual Caregiver 
Support Program. With that program, we have seen, let me see, 
actually almost 29,000 encounters. That is a virtual--most of 
those encounters are the virtual program, but caregivers can 
also be seen face to face as well. Again, those almost 29,000 
encounters, there are over 4,300 unique caregivers tied to 
those encounters.
    Ms. Kiggans. That is good news. Thank you for that.
    Let us see, back to Dr. O'Toole. Section 142, it waived the 
pay cap for highly skilled medical staff. Dr. O'Toole, can you 
tell us how many waivers the Secretary has made for that? I 
know that was a complaint we heard frequently, especially with 
our surgeons, anesthesiologists, we have trouble recruiting, 
retaining physicians, specialty care physicians who could make 
so much more on the outside. We need those people at the VA. I 
am just wondering if you update for that.
    Dr. O'Toole. Yes, thank you, Congresswoman. First, this is 
really important legislation for us, as you know, and the wage 
gap between what these highly trained specialists would make in 
the private sector versus the VA is only growing.
    The challenge and issue for us, quite honestly, is that 
many, many more specialty groups and specialists among the 
25,000 physicians, for instance, that we have in the VA far 
exceed the 300 people. We run the risk of second and third 
order consequences if we do not do this right. In particular, 
if we are picking out certain groups where, you know, one 
provider is afforded the expansion or the cap extension and 
others are not, what that may do to the practice.
    The other dynamic that we are looking at is how can this be 
considered from an enterprise perspective? That if a telecare 
service, such as teleradiology, can be used in a rural 
community, it is probably going to be a lot more efficient and 
effective than trying to extend that cap to a radiologist in a 
rural community.
    We are actively moving forward on this. I meet with the 
under secretary and others to review the parameters for data. 
We anticipate having a criteria put forward within the next 1 
to 2 months, I am hopeful for, to be able to start awarding 
that cap. I do want to pay notice to the fact that, you know, 
this is critical because it is going to have to extend beyond 
these 300 individuals that are ultimately selected in this 
first pass.
    Mr. Kiggans. Keep us posted. I know that is an important 
part of the program, but thank you.
    My time has expired. I will save some for maybe a second 
round.
    I now recognize the ranking member for 5 minutes of 
questioning.
    Ms. Ramirez. Thank you, Chairwoman.
    Dr. O'Toole, I just want to go ahead and follow up on that. 
First, thank you for being here. As you know, a few weeks ago 
the Secretary testified before the full committee and in a 
back-and-forth with our ranking member, he asked Ranking Member 
Takano if he would commit to introducing a bill to raise the 
cap on physician pay so that he can compete in the market to 
hire more doctors. I want to double down a little bit more on 
this conversation, because I know you just started a moment 
ago.
    In that committee hearing, the Secretary claimed that he 
cannot recruit physicians because he does not have the 
authority to pay physicians more. I am hearing you talk a 
little bit about the 300, but here is the thing. Section 142 of 
the Dole Act does authorize the VA to use waivers to increase 
pay for 300 physicians. The VA does have the authority to pay 
its physicians more already, which actually contradicts the 
Secretary's testimony when he said he did not have the 
resources or the authority to be able to raise those wages.
    It sounds like Secretary Collins apparently does not think 
it is important to learn the laws that govern his agency, much 
just enact those laws to improve the VA and veteran care. That 
gets to my next point. I think you have answered this, but I 
just want to make sure that I put this on the record. How many 
pay waivers has the VHA requested for physicians under the Dole 
Act? It sounds like it is zero. The answer is zero. Correct?
    Look, in a request for information provided to my staff on 
February 12, the VHA indicated they had not requested or 
approved any pay waivers for physicians. I just really need to 
reiterate what I said to the Secretary at our hearing last 
month. He cannot come to our committee and state that he cannot 
hire doctors because he cannot compete in the market when he 
will not even use the authorities he already has, that we, 
Congress, have given him to make more competitive offers to 
attract physicians.
    Secretary Collins waited until January 9th of 2026, a year 
after the Dole Act was signed into law, to publish the 
implementation plan for the authority to make it easier to hire 
doctors. It did not seem like there was any real urgency there.
    You have to understand why I am concerned here. The 
Secretary comes before the committee, and he claims that he 
cannot hire doctors, but he will not even use the tools that we 
have already given him, authorized them, to make some 
competitive offers for a number of these physicians. Instead, 
he lost 1,000 doctors and then he wiped 1,500 more physicians 
positions from the VA books. It makes no sense, if our goal is 
to strengthen the services veterans receive, it makes no sense 
to continue to claim, as Doug Collins does, that veteran care 
and benefits are not affected when we are hearing from our 
constituents on a regular basis, veterans, that they cannot get 
appointments at the VA. However, his actions make perfect sense 
if Secretary Collins does not want to hire, let me say this 
again, does not want to hire doctors because his goal is to 
ensure that the VA fails so that he can further dismantle and 
maybe even privatize it.
    I want to follow up on another piece, and this is more 
specifically to Ms. Silas. Ms. Silas, GAO has recommended that 
VA assess its community care staffing and resource needs to 
ensure timely appointment scheduling for veterans seeking care 
and community. My question to you, Ms. Silas, is why is such a 
staffing assessment important? How does this recommendation 
align with the requirement in the Dole Act for VA to implement 
a staffing model in the IVC, Veterans Integrated Service 
Networks (VISN), and the local medical facilities?
    Ms. Silas. Thank you for that question. An agency's 
workforce is really central to an agency transitioning into a 
high-performance organization. In GAO's high-risk work, we have 
worked with the Veterans Health Administration to try to get 
them to be better in terms of clarifying their resource needs. 
The staffing model and performance metrics that are provisioned 
in the Dole Act are incredibly important because it helps to 
align your resources and staff needs with your program needs. 
It also is important for being able to plan ahead and to manage 
any risks.
    As you all know, each VA facility is unique in terms of the 
veteran population that they serve and then also in the 
communities that they reside in. I know that one thing that we 
have heard consistently for as long as I have been doing this 
work is that when we meet with staff in these facilities, they 
say there is not enough staff to process referrals in a timely 
manner and to do timely appointment scheduling. We always hear 
about challenges with workload.
    In our 2020 report where we recommended that VA assess 
their staffing resources, they had told us that they have the 
staffing tool and that they were in the process of updating 
that, and they have been continually updating that staffing 
tool as the processes have evolved over the last 5 years. That 
recommendation, as you know, remains open.
    For the staffing model and performance metrics that have 
been required in the Dole Act, the staffing tool, at the least, 
can provide information or input into the staffing models they 
are delivering now.
    Ms. Ramirez. That makes sense.
    Ms. Silas. It is kind of unclear how these both fit in 
together. Regardless, GAO does have a mandate in the Dole Act 
to do a review of the VA's development of the staffing model 
and performance metrics. Once they complete the effort and 
issue some reports we will be doing our own review.
    Ms. Ramirez. Thank you, Ms. Silas. My time is up. If we 
have a second round, I will do a follow-up. Thank you, Chair.
    Ms. Kiggans. Thank you, Ranking Member.
    The chair now recognizes Mrs. Radewagen for 5 minutes.
    Ms. Radewagen. Thank you, Chairwoman Kiggans. Talofa lava. 
I thank the panel for being here today. It is an important 
hearing today, so thank you to the witnesses as well.
    Mr. Smith, what has been the greatest barrier for 
implementation of section 302 of the legislation?
    Mr. Smith. Thank you for the question, ma'am. Right now, VA 
is working to publish a rule for that grant program so that we 
can perform or issue grants to perform the veteran outreach as 
required by 302.
    Ms. Radewagen. How has section 302 helped VA better partner 
with State and Tribal entities?
    Mr. Smith. I believe that once implemented, we will be able 
to provide, or at least provide grants, you know, to those 
organizations so that they can perform outreach on VA's behalf 
and ensure that they are communicating with their members in a 
culturally responsive way.
    Ms. Radewagen. Ms. Silas, in GAO's review of the Dole Act 
implementation, what has been your greatest concern?
    Ms. Silas. The GAO has a number of mandates to review 
implementation of various provisions within the Dole Act. Much 
of our work that we need to do is either waiting on VA to 
complete their enactment of their provision so we can oversee 
that or we are waiting for some reports to be released in order 
for us to do the review. We have not looked directly at the 
implementation of any of the specific provisions that VA is 
responsible for.
    We do have ongoing work for our own mandates around the 
dental services. We are looking at VA's oral health program. We 
are also looking at the Veterans Community Care Dentistry 
Program. We are making progress on those reviews. Otherwise, we 
are waiting for VA to complete their efforts before we look at 
them.
    Ms. Radewagen. Do you believe that VA will be able to 
implement the act in its entirety in the allotted timeframe?
    Ms. Silas. I do not think I could state for sure. It would 
be up to VA to tell you what their progress is. Again, I can 
only speak to the programs that we have oversight of in terms 
of the mandate and provisions to review those programs. Most of 
that work is ongoing right now.
    Ms. Radewagen. Thank you, Chairwoman. I yield back the 
balance of my time.
    Ms. Kiggans. Thank you, Ms. Radewagen.
    The chair now recognizes Mr. Kennedy for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Kennedy. Thank you. I want to look back at what we were 
told about the VA staffing cuts versus what has actually 
happened. In February 2025, Secretary Collins eliminated 2,400 
VA jobs after publicly promising that 300,000 mission-critical 
positions would be protected to ensure uninterrupted services 
for our Nation's bravest. One month later, a leaked memo showed 
plans to cut more than 80,000 employees, a number the Secretary 
confirmed, then denied, then revised to 30,000.
    On May 15, Secretary Collins assured our veterans that 
mission-essential jobs, like doctors, nurses, and claims 
processors would be protected and that reforms would 
strengthen, not strain, veterans access to care. That promise 
was broken. In December, a leaked memo revealed plans to 
eliminate up to 35,000 healthcare positions in a single month, 
the doctors, nurses, and support staff that veterans count on 
for timely quality care.
    When a psychologist is cut, the veteran in crisis has fewer 
options and longer waits. When a community care scheduler is 
eliminated, the veteran waiting for a cancer consult or 
neurosurgery referral waits longer, sometimes dangerously 
longer. When nurses and physicians are cut, the people who 
catch conditions early and respond to emergencies are not there 
when they are needed most. These are not just workforce 
reductions. There are direct cuts to the care our veterans 
depend on, sometimes for their lives.
    That is why I requested detailed staffing data for the 
Western New York VA system to understand exactly how many 
positions were cut and how it is affecting veterans in my 
district. The VA refused and then days before this hearing, we 
received incomplete numbers. What we recently uncovered in my 
own district in Buffalo, New York, is demonstrative of what we 
are seeing in VA medical centers across the Nation.
    On December 14, roughly 100 healthcare positions were 
eliminated at the Buffalo VA, 23 active critical roles, 
including 2 psychologists, 2 social workers, 1 recreation 
assistant, 1 respiratory therapist, 3 physicians, 2 nurses, and 
11 Electrocardiogram (EKG) technicians, all cut. These are the 
people who treat Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), 
diagnose heart conditions, coordinate the care that keeps 
veterans out of emergencies rooms, and so much more.
    We already know what happens when staffing falls short 
because we have seen it happen at the Buffalo VA. In 2024, an 
Office of Inspector General (OIG) investigation found that 
dangerous delays in scheduling community care consults put 
veterans at serious risk. This investigation identified 
staffing shortages as a key cause of this degradation of care. 
Community care schedulers in a follow-up conversation in 
response to the investigation told us directly that staff 
shortages led to countless untreated patients and devastating 
health outcomes, including at least one death.
    The Trump administration's response? Eliminate the staff 
who schedule the consults, the technicians who conduct exams, 
the personnel who ensure psychiatric care, and the 
professionals who ensure no veteran is left behind. We know 
what happens when those positions go unfilled: veterans care 
suffers and some veterans will die. This is not just 
mismanagement. It is life and death for the veterans who rely 
on the VA for timely care.
    Secretary Collins stood before this committee and promised 
that the doctors and nurses should who care for our veterans 
would not--would be protected. He promised that care for our 
veterans would not be cut. He was not telling the truth and our 
veterans are the ones paying the price.
    I have a very simple question for those here representing 
Secretary Collins' VA. When veterans in my district get sick 
because of a lack of resources, which of you will take 
responsibility and what are we to tell them?
    Dr. O'Toole. Well, thank you, Congressman, and I appreciate 
what you are bringing up and I fully acknowledge the challenges 
and the issues. If I can, I appreciate--I am hoping for a time 
extension to be able to respond to your question, if that is 
okay, Chairwoman.
    The issue of having enough providers for care is a 
significant one. It is one, however, that we share with the 
entire American healthcare system. Right now there is an 
estimated shortage of physicians, nurses, social workers, 
psychologists, psychiatrists, estimated to be at 90,000 over 
the next 10 years in the American healthcare system. What we 
are challenged by in the VA is what all of American healthcare 
is challenged by. I think that is an important consideration to 
make. It is why I also, you know, emphasize the importance of 
section 142 in really trying to help us be to be more 
competitive in attracting people to come in. It is absolutely 
important.
    I do need to emphasize, though, and clarify. When the 
Deferred Resignation Program (DRP) process went through, those 
clinicians who were involved in direct care with providers--
with patients were not allowed to pursue the DRP. Those 
requests for DRP were denied by those direct clinicians. That 
does not mean that people are not going to retire. That does 
not mean that people--that positions are going to attrit or 
that people may leave the VA. We all have workforce challenges 
in healthcare, and I do not want to minimize that issue or 
point, nor the importance of Congress in helping us navigate 
those waters. It is a shared challenge for all of us that 
extends beyond this.
    The positions that were eliminated were vacant positions 
that had not been filled for quite some time. That does not 
mean that people were losing their jobs. I do think that is a 
really important clarifying point to the issues that I think 
are very valid that you are bringing up.
    Ms. Kiggans. Thank you, Dr. O'Toole.
    The chair now recognizes Mr. Self for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Self. Thank you. Thank you, Madam Chair.
    Dr. O'Toole, I do not question the President's authority to 
use impoundment. I just want to clarify. None of what we are 
hearing is an impoundment under the Dole Act, is it?
    Dr. O'Toole. I am sorry, Congressman, I am not sure I am 
following your question. Can you please----
    Mr. Self. Congress authorizes a certain level. The 
President decides to spend less than that level. Is that--is 
impoundment involved here? Just to clarify.
    Dr. O'Toole. Not that I am aware of at all, sir.
    Mr. Self. Very good. I want to go to your written versus 
your verbal testimony. I think I heard something that is not in 
your, excuse me, your written testimony. It is in the 
paragraph, I believe, where you talked about VA using funding 
from multiple accounts to deliver on some of the sections. Now, 
in your verbal testimony, you said lack of funding. Can you 
clarify what you said in that paragraph?
    Dr. O'Toole. Thank you, Congressman. You know, obviously, 
you know far better than I, you know, the dynamics of 
appropriations, and I am not trying to speak to that. Some of 
the provisions in the Dole Act did not involve appropriated 
funds. We have tried to implement within the capacities that we 
have to the best of our abilities or if funds were available 
through other accounts, use those and just trying to be 
fiscally prudent within that context. I want to defer to my 
colleagues who might be able to speak better to that.
    Mr. Smith. Thank you. For the Digital GI Bill program, we 
are required to make changes to that environment in order to 
implement----
    Mr. Self. No, I am not asking for specifics. Thank you. I 
just wanted to clarify your lack of funding. You did say that, 
I believe, and I am not sure you clarified it, but thank you.
    I want to move to accountability in the 3 minutes I have 
left because we talk a lot in this committee about inputs. We 
get VA employees coming and telling us about all the inputs. 
Who is going to be accountable for this?
    This bill was to improve ability to receive care at home. 
Correct? If you believe that changes in the fee schedule for 
reimbursement rates related to home health aid and homemaker 
services were to result in a reduction of up to 43 percent in 
rural Texas, some of which I represent, do you believe that 
that improves a veteran's ability to receive home healthcare? 
How is that balanced?
    Dr. Koeniger. Sir, thank you for the question. I cannot 
speak directly to veterans in Texas in terms of receiving home 
healthcare. I can say, though, that the home and community-
based services, the VA has done actually a great job at 
expanding those services. The----
    Mr. Self. Do you think the 43 percent reduction is going to 
improve their ability to receive home healthcare?
    Dr. Koeniger. So the--again, I----
    Mr. Self. Okay.
    Dr. Koeniger [continuing]. cannot speak specifically to 
that, but I can say that, again, over--compared to Fiscal Year 
2024, over roughly 600,000 veterans have actually benefited 
from the home----
    Mr. Self. Okay.
    Dr. Koeniger [continuing]. and community-based services.
    Mr. Self. Very good, thank you.
    Dr. O'Toole, can you name the specific individuals who, in 
VA, who are going to be responsible for each of the at-risk 
sections?
    Dr. O'Toole. Thank you, Congressman. As I mentioned in my 
opening statement, we have a centralized office, Office of 
Strategic Initiatives, that is overseeing this process. All of 
our senior leadership are fully engaged in this and as the 
committee staff would know, meet with frequently. I am more 
than happy to forward to you the org chart that delineates 
specific----
    Mr. Self. No, I do not need the org chart. I am asking you 
if you are going to hold someone accountable because you are 
about one-third of the way through implementation. Is that 
about right? One-third of the way through in terms of sections?
    Dr. O'Toole. Sure.
    Mr. Self. What I am really asking is who is going to be 
held accountable?
    Dr. O'Toole. Our senior leaders----
    Mr. Self. We always talk about inputs. I want 
accountability for when you implement this.
    Dr. O'Toole. Our senior leadership throughout the agency 
are responsible, sir, including myself.
    Mr. Self. Okay. Very good. What is the critical milestone 
between now and full--oh, my time is up, Madam Chair. I will 
yield back. Thank you.
    Ms. Kiggans. Thank you, Mr. Self.
    The chair now recognizes Mr. Ciscomani for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Ciscomani. Thank you, Chair Kiggans, for convening this 
important oversight hearing. Thank you to the witnesses from 
the Department of Veteran Affairs and Government Accountability 
Office for being here today with us.
    I was proud to help introduce the Senator Elizabeth Dole 
21st Century Veterans Healthcare and Benefits Improvement Act 
last Congress and even more proud to see it passed and get into 
law, be signed into law, because I believe strongly that our 
veterans and their caregivers deserve a system that truly 
reflects the sacrifices they have made for our Nation.
    Far too often, veterans and their families face barriers 
when trying to access care, navigate benefits, and receive the 
superior that they have earned from the VA. This flagship VA 
legislation was designed to modernize the VA and create a 
system that works, that works better for veterans and their 
families and who stand beside them every single day. One year 
after enactment, it is important that we take a close look at 
how the Department is implementing these reforms.
    While progress has been made in several areas, some 
provisions remain behind schedule or at risk of not fully being 
implemented. For veterans and their families these timelines 
matter. Delays can mean waiting longer for care, missing out on 
an important support service, or facing unnecessary barriers to 
benefits they earned through their service. This is why I want 
to ask a couple of the follow-up questions here, and I will 
start with Dr. O'Toole.
    The Dole Act includes a wide range of reforms touching 
clinical care, caregiver support, and community-based services. 
How has the VHA prioritized implementation across these areas 
to ensure that the most immediate needs of veterans are 
addressed first?
    Dr. O'Toole. Thank you, Congressman. I want to defer to my 
colleague on the community care question, if that is okay.
    Dr. Koeniger. That is a great question. In terms of 
community care or even caregiver support, I mean, we recognize 
that taking care of veterans, no matter what their problems 
are, is very important. In terms of the community-based 
services, we have four programs that we have rolled out. Those 
programs have actually seen an increase, as I mentioned 
earlier, in terms of supporting caregivers as well.
    Mr. Ciscomani. How do you--I am sorry to interrupt because 
we are going to run out of time, but how do you prioritize? How 
do you make sure that those that have the most immediate need 
of veterans get seen first? What is the process like?
    Dr. Koeniger. Again, the veterans that have the highest 
needs in terms of medical issues, you know, those are the folks 
that we want to make sure that we take care of.
    Mr. Ciscomani. I agree. How do you get there? How do you 
identify that?
    Dr. Koeniger. The specific process I would have to get back 
to you on. I mean, certainly----
    Mr. Ciscomani. I want to make sure that that is actually 
happening. It is just that, you know, I think you get the sense 
from the committee here on both sides of the aisle, we are 
running a little impatient on the implementation of a lot of 
these programs. This was supposed to be a much more expedited 
process and seeing the benefits of this. We are not seeing 
that. This is coming from every angle and every State 
represented here, we are all seeing this in our district. We 
need to really zero in on this and we need to start seeing some 
results.
    I am going to move on here. Dr. O'Toole, again, one of 
Congress' goals in the Dole Act was to improve timely access to 
care. From your perspective, what measurable changes should 
veterans expect to see in appointment availability or service 
delivery as implementation continues?
    I keep hearing from our veterans the care they receive at 
the VA is excellent once they receive it. Receiving it and 
getting there is the main issue. Again, I am starting to see a 
trend here of what was passed not being enacted. I want to 
start seeing some results and so do our veterans. What way are 
you measuring this?
    Dr. O'Toole. Thank you, Congressman. This is very important 
and I think to follow up with your second question as well--or 
previous question as well.
    This is a massive piece of legislation, as you know, you 
know, 72 provisions that impact across the agency. I cannot--I 
have been a primary care provider in the VA for 20 years. This 
is one of the most significant pieces of legislation I have 
seen having impact across the vast entire agency. First, thank 
you for that.
    As your staff knows and meeting with them and having sat in 
on several of the calls, this is something where we have to be 
able to chew gum and walk at the same time and implement 
multiple efforts concurrently. We are. This has been a 
difficult year in both securing our most senior leadership, our 
Senate-confirmed leadership, going through the government 
shutdown, which created some undue slowdowns in terms of 
getting things through. We are on the cusp with several of 
these provisions within the next weeks to a month or two to 
having them posted in the Federal Register and being 
implemented.
    Very much I feel confident that we will be able to 
implement all of the provisions in the time allowed. They are 
priorities for us because they are priorities for our veterans 
across many different contexts.
    Mr. Ciscomani. I am out of time. I do look forward to 
seeing results. You know, I think we understand it. We know the 
significance, the size of the legislation. We worked on it. We 
passed it. It is big and it is going to take time, we know 
that. It has been over a year. We need to see some results 
here. You say weeks, months. I hope it is weeks and I hope we 
can get a report exactly on numbers and what this matters.
    Madam Chair.
    Dr. Koeniger. Madam Chair, I know we are over time. Could 
I--Congressman, you mentioned access to care and I would just 
like to say it is a very complicated process. As you know, 
there are just so many things that have to be taken into 
account to improve access.
    I can tell you that as of May of last year, the Veterans 
Health Administration stood up the Access Choices in Excellence 
Group of which I am the executive sponsor and we have been 
working diligently on all aspects of access to care to, again, 
objectively measure all of those things and to work on 
improving access.
    As a 36-year veteran of the United States Air Force myself, 
that sits--that is near and dear to me to make sure that 
veterans can get in when they need to get in.
    Mr. Ciscomani. Thank you.
    Ms. Kiggans. Thank you. I think we have a few minutes for a 
second round of questions. I just have two questions for Dr. 
O'Toole.
    As a former geriatric nurse practitioner one of my greatest 
concerns was ensuring our aging veterans are getting the care 
that they deserve. Can you provide the committee just with an 
update on the rollout of the pilot program, section 127, to 
fortify the assisted living services for veterans and what that 
looks like?
    Dr. O'Toole. Thank you, Congresswoman. I think--is that in 
your scope?
    Dr. Koeniger. Yes. Yes. Thank you for the question. As you 
know, our population is aging. Again, we have 49 percent of all 
our veterans are 65 and older. We are working in terms of the 
two pilots as section 127 states. The VA is--has been working 
on a purchasing authority and a fee schedule options are under 
development because we are--we need to get those things in 
place so we can ramp up those pilots. We are making progress 
and work in the details of getting the pilots going.
    Ms. Kiggans. Okay. We would love to see some movement in 
that, too. I think that is important. There are not enough 
options, especially housing options, for aging Americans. 
Perhaps the VA should hire more geriatricians, but that is just 
my two cents.
    Then, Dr. O'Toole, our stakeholders have highlighted that 
the best medical interest standard is coming into conflict with 
transportation benefits that usually accompany care for 
disabled veterans. Veterans should not have to sacrifice the 
best standard of care because the VA will not pay for 
transportation. How does the VA intend to harmonize this 
conflict to deliver patient-oriented care?
    Dr. O'Toole. Thank you. It is a huge issue and obviously 
providing care that somebody cannot get to sort of misses the 
mark. We are working specifically and having some challenges 
specifically on the transportation provision. I think I 
mentioned that in my opening statement, and it is something 
that we would like to be able to work with the committee 
further to be able to go through those provisions to address 
some of the challenges we are having with that implementation.
    Ms. Kiggans. That would be great. I think that should 
definitely be a priority for us moving forward.
    The chair now recognizes Ranking Member for any remaining 
questions.
    Ms. Ramirez. Thank you, Chair. Here you go.
    Dr. O'Toole, I just want to follow up on some of the 
conversations we had at the beginning of the hearing. 
Specifically I want to talk about my own district. Before the 
VA cut the 130 nurses at the Jesse Brown and Hines VA Medical 
Centers, did the VA have staffing models in place as required 
by the Dole Act to determine that those 130 nurses were no 
longer needed at those facilities in Chicago?
    Dr. O'Toole. Thank you, Congresswoman. It is important to 
keep in mind, particularly as I know a lot of questions about 
the staffing model come up in consideration of the Rise 
Initiative and the reorganization, there has been no change 
whatsoever in terms of direct care staffing modeling based upon 
the reorganization efforts under Rise.
    Ms. Ramirez. Doctor----
    Dr. O'Toole. The----
    Ms. Ramirez. Dr. O'Toole.
    Dr. O'Toole. The staffing models have--we continue to do. 
They are being refined in the context of the Dole Act.
    Ms. Ramirez. Did we have staffing models in place there to 
determine that we did not need those 130 nurses? It is more of 
a yes or no. Just trying to get clarity.
    Dr. O'Toole. Ma'am, those positions were not removed. Those 
were not active positions. Those were positions that had not 
been filled and not have been filled for quite some time.
    Ms. Ramirez. I am just looking here at some of the reports 
we got from all of you here. For example, there are 41 nurses 
positions filled in 2025 or 2026 that were no longer filled 
after. These were positions that were--they had bodies in them 
prior to the cut of these. Of these nurses, yes or no? Did you 
have people working there? Were there nurses working there?
    Dr. O'Toole. No.
    Ms. Ramirez. Okay. Well, the data says a different--the 
thing is that I am looking at the data that you provided for me 
for these centers, and so it is inconsistent with what I am 
getting from you. Let me just wrap up here because I know we 
only have a few minutes and we want to close this hearing.
    Dr. O'Toole. We can take that for the record for further 
clarification.
    Ms. Ramirez. Yes, I would appreciate that.
    I want to just come back to housing real quick. You heard 
me say I ran a homeless shelter for about 9 years, of which I 
had the honor and opportunity to serve many veterans who were 
experiencing homelessness. I just want to wrap up with sections 
402 and 403 of the Dole Act, which provided the crucial 
resources to the VA and community providers who serve homeless 
veterans. I want to make sure that it is clear that due to the 
delays in implementing these provisions, homeless veterans and 
community organizations are having to go without these 
resources.
    During the Biden administration, the homeless program's 
office staff told me and my team repeatedly that it would be 
ready to swiftly implement the Dole Act, that it would be like 
turning on a light switch. It is hard for me to know that we 
are 14 months in, and it sounds like for Secretary Collins it 
is going to take over a year to flip a light switch. You know, 
to me, it is a testament to poor leadership that homeless 
veterans still do not have the resources they need.
    Sadly, I know there is something nefarious going on that 
led to the delay in implementation of these homeless sections. 
Specifically, the administration, including Secretary Collins, 
has wielded attack after attack against veterans experiencing 
homelessness. They prioritize handcuffs and jail cells over 
getting these veterans help that they need in place of getting 
them a home. Look, I believe that the swift--and they are 
swifting away from interventions that we know have worked 
address homelessness, programs like Housing First models. This 
administration's focus on programs that have proven time and 
time again to actually make homelessness worse are leading the 
delay that we see here.
    You see, I see that Collins is actively pushing a strip 
down, in effect a for-profit model of homeless service delivery 
driven by special interest instead of leaving intervention to 
the experts in homeless program offices. We know that the VA, 
especially the political leadership, meddled in implementation 
of the Dole Act is getting in the way of these programs that we 
actually know work.
    Instead of relying on the expertise of an office that has 
housed over 50,000 homeless veterans last year, these political 
appointees substituted their poor profit-minded judgment for 
expertise. The consequence? Fourteen months of veterans not 
having access to the housing, transportation, clothing, and 
food that they need. I find that to be unacceptable. Frankly, I 
find it to be despicable.
    These same political appointees are pushing a dangerous 
proposal to destroy Housing and Urban Development-Veterans 
Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH), the most successful 
permanent supportive housing program in the history of this 
country and replacing it with a poorly conceived program that 
we know will fail called Bridging Rental Assistance for Veteran 
Empowerment (BRAVE).
    I want to make sure, on the record, in the last few seconds 
I have, that I am going to tell you I am going to continue to 
defend our homeless veterans. They should not be homeless to 
begin with. We cannot sit here idly watching this 
administration destroy these programs so that billionaire 
buddies can get enriched as a result of it
    I look forward to getting an update in the immediate future 
that the VA has fully implemented the homeless sections of the 
Dole Act and has abandoned the BRAVE proposal because anything 
less is a disgrace and a disservice to our most vulnerable 
veterans.
    With that Chairwoman, I yield back.
    Ms. Kiggans. Thank you. I just wanted to take a minute to 
thank the witnesses for coming today. I appreciate the candor 
in your testimony and your willingness to participate.
    Implementing the Dole Act remains a top priority of this 
committee. I look forward to continuing to ensure the VA 
remains committed to this goal. Thank you all for being here 
today.
    I ask unanimous consent that all members shall have 5 
legislative days in which to revise and extend their remarks. 
Did you have any concluding remarks, sorry, as well?
    Ms. Ramirez. I do, Chairwoman, thank you.
    As I reflect back on the hearing, our first one in over 200 
days, I am struck by some of the answers that were received 
here. First, Dr. O'Toole, you said that no doctors or nurses 
were allowed to take the Deferred Resignation Program. However, 
data the VA has provided themselves to Mr. Kennedy shows that 
two nurses from Buffalo were allowed to take the DRP last year.
    You also reiterated that the Secretary's talking point that 
many of these positions eliminated were not filled in a long 
time. However, again, the data that has been provided by you 
all says the opposite. Seventy-one percent of these 26,000 
positions were filled at some point since January 2025. If 
these were really COVID era positions, then why were these 
positions still there? Specifically, I am thinking about the 
Jesse Brown/Hines positions.
    Look, I am glad that we are here. I know that we are going 
to go ahead and follow up. I think that the work that we do in 
this committee is incredibly important because we have to 
implement every facet and every provision of the Dole Act. 
Twenty-five of the 72 is unacceptable. I look forward to 
following up with you to make sure that you take the urgency 
necessary to implement every single section so that our 
veterans have what they, in fact, need and they deserve.
    With that, I yield back.
    Ms. Kiggans. Thank you all again for being here today. I 
ask unanimous consent that all members shall have 5 legislative 
days in which to revise and extend their remarks and include 
any extraneous material. Hearing no objection, so ordered.
    The hearing is now adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 3:55 p.m., the subcommittee was adjourned.]      
=======================================================================

                         A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X

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                    Prepared Statements of Witnesses

                              ----------                              


                  Prepared Statement of Thomas O'Toole

    Good afternoon, Chairwoman Kiggans, Ranking Member Ramirez, and 
distinguished members of the Committee. Joining me today are Dr. Mark 
Koeniger, Acting Assistant Under Secretary for Health for Patient Care 
Services, VHA, and Mr. Ken Smith, Executive Director, Education 
Service, Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA). It is an honor to be 
here on behalf of VA to discuss our progress on implementing the 
Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st Century Veterans Healthcare and Benefits 
Improvement Act (the Dole Act; P.L. 118-210).
    Enacted on January 2, 2025, the Dole Act is a comprehensive law 
with more than 70 sections that require action from VA, the Department 
of Labor, educational institutions that serve Veterans and their 
families, and the Government Accountability Office. The Dole Act 
includes requirements for VA to:

      implement more than 40 enhancements, new guidelines, or 
new programs;

      execute six new pilot programs;

      conduct outreach and release new online tools for 
Veterans, patients, and coroners/medical examiners; and

      complete 50 new congressionally Mandated Reports.

    This variety of new requirements required VA to realign its 
priorities and establish an enterprise-wide approach to support Dole 
Act implementation. This approach has been updated several times as new 
VA leadership was sworn in and VA uses funding from multiple accounts 
to deliver on some of the sections.
    VA moved oversight of implementation of the Dole Act to the Office 
of the Secretary to ensure senior official oversight and involvement in 
these critical responsibilities. In December 2025, the new Office of 
Strategic Initiatives became the office responsible for VA-wide 
oversight, facilitation, and monitoring of implementation efforts, such 
as those required by the Dole Act.
    We are pleased to report that VA has made significant progress 
toward implementing the Dole Act. Of the 72 sections that required VA 
implementation efforts, VA has fully implemented 25 sections as of 
February 9, 2026. We are diligently working on the remaining sections.
    While implementation spans the Department, I will begin by 
highlighting key accomplishments within VHA, which has led to 
transformative changes in care delivery and support for Veterans and 
their families under the Dole Act.

VHA

    In alignment with section 101 of the Dole Act, effective May 19, 
2025, VA eliminated an unnecessary layer of approval in the community 
care process, allowing Veterans to access care when it is in their best 
medical interest (BMI). Removing that unnecessary layer has made a real 
difference. Between June and December 2025, referrals to community care 
under the BMI criterion increased by over 66 percent compared to the 
same period in the previous year. Additionally, VA launched a 
nationwide outreach campaign, including updates to VA.gov and targeted 
communications through the Solid Start program, reaching over 83,000 
newly separated Veterans. These efforts help Veterans understand their 
options for care from day one, creating a more seamless and responsive 
health care experience.
    The Dole Act also delivered expanded options for Veterans needing 
long-term and home-based care. Using the authority granted by section 
120 of the Dole Act, VA increased coverage for noninstitutional care 
alternatives from 65 percent to 100 percent of nursing home costs, with 
authority to exceed that cap for Veterans with amyotrophic lateral 
sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, and similar conditions. This expansion 
enables more Veterans to receive care at home, preserving independence 
and dignity. These changes, combined with new pilot programs for 
assisted living and enhanced Homemaker and Home Health Aide programs, 
reflect VA's commitment to meeting Veterans where they are--with care 
that honors their service and supports their families.
    VA has also made critical strides in addressing homelessness and 
suicide prevention under the Dole Act. Section 402 of the Dole Act 
expanded per diem payments for homeless Veteran programs, increasing 
the maximum per diem rate from 115 percent to 133 percent of the State 
Home domiciliary rate and allows VA to waive the maximum rate for per 
diem payments to provide payments at a rate that does not exceed 200 
percent of the rates authorized for State Homes for domiciliary care 
under 38 U.S.C. Sec.  1741(a)(1)(A) for no more than 50 percent of all 
grant recipients and eligible entities for a Fiscal Year (FY), subject 
to the availability of funding.
    Section 403(a) of the Dole Act authorizes VA to provide to covered 
Veterans, as VA determines necessary, food, shelter, clothing, 
blankets, and hygiene items required for the safety and survival of the 
Veteran; transportation required to support the stability and health of 
the Veteran for appointments with service providers, the conduct of 
housing and employment searches, and the obtainment of food and 
supplies; and tablets, smartphones, disposable phones, and other 
technology and related service plans required to support the stability 
and health of the Veteran through the maintenance of contact with 
service providers, prospective landlords, and family members. Section 
403(b) authorized VA to collaborate with one or more organizations to 
manage the use of VA land for homeless Veterans for living and 
sleeping.
    Section 404 created a new 38 U.S.C. Sec.  2069, which requires VA, 
to the extent practicable, to ensure that Veterans participating in or 
receiving services from a program under chapter 20 have access to 
telehealth services to which the Veterans are eligible under the laws 
administered by VA.
    These changes, from implementing sections 402, 403 and 404, 
strengthen the safety net for Veterans at risk of homelessness and 
improve access to care. VA published a Federal Register Notice on 
February 6, 2026, notifying the public of subregulatory guidance to 
implement section 402 of the Dole Act, and we expect to publish very 
soon a Federal Register Notice to inform the public about VA's 
implementation of section 403 of the Dole Act.
    In addition, section 149 of the Dole Act strengthened 
accountability by requiring an independent assessment of the National 
Veteran Suicide Prevention Annual Report and development of a public 
toolkit for coroners and medical examiners to improve reporting 
accuracy. The independent assessment was completed in January 2026. 
VA's most recent Annual Suicide Prevention Report, published February 
5, 2026, shows 6,398 Veteran suicides in 2023--down from 6,442 in 
2022--with the average daily rate falling slightly to 17.5. However, 
suicide rates remain elevated among younger Veterans and those facing 
risk factors such as homelessness, health challenges, and chronic pain. 
To address these risks, VA has expanded outreach and care access. Since 
January 2026, VA has conducted a new outreach campaign that has led 
more than 33,000 unenrolled Veterans to sign up for VA care, and 
partnerships with civilian health systems have helped identify and 
contact 140,000 at-risk Veterans. VA has made good progress on the 
remaining requirements and anticipates meeting the statutory timelines.
    VHA has experienced some challenges with implementation of certain 
sections of the Dole Act, particularly section 143 (regarding 
reimbursement for transporting certain Veterans by ambulance from rural 
locations for care) and, to a lesser degree, section 129 (regarding 
recognition of organizations and individuals to assist Veterans, family 
members, and caregivers in navigating VHA programs and services). VA 
would greatly welcome the opportunity to work with the Subcommittee to 
modify these provisions to ensure VA can provide the benefits and 
services intended by these sections.

VBA

    These efforts within VHA demonstrate our commitment to improving 
health care access and support for Veterans and caregivers. Equally 
important are the provisions under the Dole Act that strengthen 
Veterans' benefits and streamline claims processing.
    Native Americans have historically served in the U.S. military at a 
higher per capita rate than any other group. However, they face unique 
challenges in obtaining home loans on Federal trust land. To help VA 
address this challenge, the Dole Act expanded VA's Native American 
Direct Loan (NADL) program, thereby strengthening VA's authority to 
make, evaluate, and secure loans on trust land and giving Native 
American Veterans more opportunities to purchase, build, improve, or 
refinance homes on trust land. VA is also hiring additional NADL 
coordinators and collaborating with other Federal agencies to develop 
effective policies that support Native American Veterans and their 
families and developing new policies to support a Native Community 
Development Financial Institution relending program.
    VA continues to prioritize systems enhancements to support 
implementation of sections 208, 210, and 212 of the Dole Act. In 2025, 
after years of planning and coordination, VA had scheduled and 
committed to the decommissioning of the Benefits Delivery Network (BDN) 
system. The Fiscal Year 2025 decommissioning date could not be moved 
due to the ending of the BDN support contract in October 2025, and a 
requirement to close out Fiscal Year 2025 books in BDN.
    The largest provision of the Dole Act to be implemented by VBA is 
section 212, which reestablished the Veterans Technology Education 
Courses (VET TEC) program, or VET TEC 2.0. VA will implement the VET 
TEC 2.0 claims processing capability in Fiscal Year 2026 and has made 
other significant progress toward implementation. For example, on 
December 16, 2025, VA published the Student Application in the Federal 
Register, starting the 60-day public comment period. VA also 
successfully completed updates to the payment management systems that 
will enable Education Service to implement a claims adjudication and 
process capability by the end of the third quarter of Fiscal Year 2026. 
Finally, VA completed several other tasks to ensure a smooth rollout of 
VET TEC 2.0 as soon as the information technology solution is 
available. For example, VA completed:

      the Training Provider application,

      a draft Communications plan to notify the Training 
Providers and begin soliciting and accepting new Training Provider 
applications,

      a Training Provider and Expert Credentials checklist, and

      a training plan for the Training Providers and Education 
Liaison Representatives.

    VA has made progress toward implementing section 215 of the Dole 
Act. For example, VA has linked the GI Bill Comparison Tool to the 
Department of Education's (ED) College Navigator and recently met with 
ED to identify the appropriate points of contact to incorporate 
additional data.
    VA will also schedule and adopt additional updates following two 
recent court decisions - Rudisill v. McDonough and Perkins v. Collins. 
Specifically, by 2027, VA will aim to achieve 1-day completion of 
education claims and reinstitute VET TEC 2.0.
    VA has not yet scheduled:

      DGIB updates necessary to support the integration of the 
new monthly housing allowance requirements under section 208; and

      integration of electronic certificates of eligibility and 
award letter requirements under section 210.

    VA anticipates it will schedule these updates in 2026. To mitigate 
challenges until they are scheduled, VA conducts quarterly reviews of 
DGIB enhancements and continues to prioritize enhancements. VA will 
continue to provide updates to Congress in our calls about DGIB 
progress about sections 208 and 210.
    In addition to benefits focused on the Native American community 
and education services, the Dole Act strengthens memorial benefits 
administered by the National Cemetery Administration. For example, 
section 301 of the Dole Act expanded burial allowances for Veterans who 
die at home while receiving VA hospice care, ensuring families receive 
timely support during a difficult time.

National Cemetery Administration

    VA is working under section 302 of the Dole Act to improve outreach 
to States and tribal governments, helping ensure that Veterans and 
their families are aware of burial and memorial benefits they have 
earned. These provisions reflect VA's commitment to honoring Veterans 
not only throughout their lives but also at life's end, with dignity 
and respect.

Conclusion

    Chairwoman Kiggans and Ranking Member Ramirez, this concludes my 
statement. We appreciate the opportunity to speak before you today and 
welcome any questions you or other Members of the Subcommittee may 
have. Thank you for your continued support of Veterans, their families, 
caregivers, and survivors as well as the many VA programs to support 
them.

                   Prepared Statement of Sharon Silas
[GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT] 

                       Statements for the Record

                              ----------                              


            Prepared Statement of Elizabeth Dole Foundation

    Chairwoman Kiggans, Ranking Member Ramirez, and members of the 
subcommittee, the Elizabeth Dole Foundation would like to thank you for 
the opportunity to submit our views on the status of implementation of 
the Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st Century Veterans Healthcare and 
Benefits Improvement Act.
    The passage of this legislation during the 118th Congress marked 
one of the most significant Federal policy advancements secured on 
behalf of veterans, caregivers, and survivors in recent years, and 
Senator Dole remains both proud and humbled to have had it named in her 
honor.
    The Foundation worked tirelessly with caregivers and our veteran 
service organization partners to secure its passage not only because of 
the impact on family caregivers, but also because of the broad array of 
issues covered in the bill that impact veterans and families. While as 
an organization we focus on issues of direct impact to caregivers, we 
also address issues of significant interest to that population. 
Clearly, the quality of the care and services available to veterans is 
at the top of that list.
    Daily we hear from caregivers asking about the long-delayed 
finalization of the rule governing the Department of Veterans Affairs 
Program of Comprehensive Assistance for Family Caregivers (PCAFC). We 
are now entering year 4 of waiting for a new rule to expand eligibility 
and improve the program. Even more often, however, we hear from 
caregivers about their struggles navigating VA's programs and services 
including Veteran Directed Care, CHAMPVA, respite, home health, skilled 
care, benefits, home and vehicle modifications, etc.--all programs 
intended for the veteran but with real life impacts for the whole 
family.
    While there is still work to be done, the Dole Act was intended to 
address many of these challenges for the benefit of the entire veteran 
community. We are especially pleased that Section 120, which 
drastically increased the expenditure cap for non-institutional care, 
was implemented in September 2025. The enactment of this provision 
helps our most vulnerable veterans and their caregivers by removing a 
long-standing barrier to keeping loved ones at home. We encourage VA 
and the Office of Geriatric and Extended Care (GEC) to continue 
training clinical providers and social workers both inside and outside 
GEC on this opportunity to ensure those in need are aware of available 
services.
    However, the Elizabeth Dole Foundation has questions and concerns 
regarding multiple remaining provisions and their current status.

Section 101:

    Section 101, also known as the ``Medical Best Interest'' provision, 
allows veterans to access care in the community if it is determined by 
the clinician that it is in the veteran's medical best interest to do 
so. We supported this provision because we recognize both the need to 
ensure VA is able to offer robust, high-quality care as well as provide 
access to necessary care in a timely manner, sometimes found in the 
community. We are familiar with cases where this provision was 
especially helpful in getting a veteran to appropriate specialty care. 
However, VA's regulations that govern necessary travel often associated 
with care in the community have not yet caught up to the intent of 
section 101.
    Under the current rules, VA can only authorize travel reimbursement 
to the closest medical facility that can provide the necessary care. 
Since the relevant provision does not comment on the facility's 
capability--only on the veteran's medical best interest--we are seeing 
travel authorizations denied even though the care itself is authorized. 
We encourage VA to reconcile this language to ensure that veterans and 
their family members are not unnecessarily and unintentionally caught 
in a bureaucratic trap that leads to either increased out-of-pocket 
expenses or an inability to access care.

Section 122:

    Based on the Chairwoman's COPE Act, this provision authorizes the 
VA Secretary to award grants to community-based organizations to 
provide mental health services to family caregivers participating in 
PCAFC. According to a 2024 RAND study commissioned by the Elizabeth 
Dole Foundation, caregiving often places significant strain on 
caregivers and increases their risk for developing physical and mental 
health conditions, including depression and suicidal ideation. 
Relatedly, caregivers' mental well-being directly affects the quality 
of care provided, impacting outcomes for both caregivers and those they 
support. By prioritizing the mental health of caregivers, the overall 
effectiveness of care can be enhanced.
    Recognizing both the value and risks associated with caregiving, VA 
established a program through which PCAFC caregivers can receive mental 
health care from VA providers, with options available through both 
telehealth and in person. With approximately 29,000 encounters among 
4,374 patients in Fiscal Year 2025, the program is certainly beneficial 
and a significant step in the right direction. However, caregivers 
enrolled in PCAFC are often hesitant to seek mental health services 
directly from VA for fear their participation will impact their 
eligibility for the caregiver support program. In addition, they are 
hesitant to use another VA program, as it is perceived as an additional 
care coordination burden.
    While VA has not yet issued grants in accordance with section 122, 
as it was discretionary and not mandatory, the Elizabeth Dole 
Foundation strongly supports the establishment and issuance of these 
grants to increase opportunities for access to necessary mental health 
care for family caregivers. In addition, the Elizabeth Dole Foundation 
supports increasing the pool of eligible participants to those enrolled 
in the VA's Program of General Caregiver Support Services (PGCSS), 
rather than just PCAFC, to improve the health and well-being of a 
larger pool of caregivers as well as that of the veterans for whom they 
care.

Section 123:

    Derived from the original Elizabeth Dole Home Care Act introduced 
by Representatives Brownley and Bergman, Section 123 codifies the Home 
and Community Based Services (HCBS) programs to ensure their long-term 
viability. Under this provision, the Veteran Directed Care (VDC) 
program, provided in partnership with the Administration on Community 
Living (ACL), is required to be provided at each VA medical center. VDC 
provides a flexible, monthly budget, allowing veterans to hire their 
own caregivers---- including family or friends--and purchase services 
to manage their care. This system offers more control and ownership of 
that care to the veteran and caregiver and, where utilized, has proven 
very effective.
    VA has stated that VDC is now technically available in all VA 
medical centers, but we have learned that access remains difficult due 
to a limited number of contracts in place, staffing VDC as a collateral 
duty, and a general lack of knowledge of program availability. In order 
to learn what steps may have been made to address some of these 
challenges, the Elizabeth Dole Foundation requests VA brief all 
interested veteran service organizations regarding the current status 
of VDC implementation including enrollment numbers and locations, 
current contract availability, and staffing models. This briefing will 
help VA identify ongoing challenges as they seek the full 
implementation of this valuable program.

Sections 123 and 124:

    The Elizabeth Dole Foundation was pleased to participate in a 
recent roundtable hosted by the Senate Veterans Affairs Committee to 
discuss many of the improvements to PCAFC required under sections 123 
and 124. These include the enhanced use of automation to facilitate 
information gathering and eligibility determination processes as well 
as improvements to decision letters to better inform applicants. The 
Elizabeth Dole Foundation was also pleased to learn that steps are 
being taken to improve the coordination of care between the PCAFC 
program and services available to individuals under GEC.
    While we appreciate these positive steps, the Elizabeth Dole 
Foundation is gravely concerned that the final rule governing the PCAFC 
program has not been issued. As mentioned above, recognizing 
significant challenges and an excessive number of caregiver removals in 
March 2022, the VA suspended discharges from the program in an effort 
to pause, review, and discuss needed changes. Eventually, VA entered 
into a new rulemaking process and issued a proposed rule in December 
2024. Garnering over 800 comments, this proposed rule appears to be 
stalled; we are now well over a year after its issuance, leaving this 
highly vulnerable population of family caregivers in limbo as they wait 
to learn their fate. Worse, the very rule that was recognized as 
insufficient in 2022 and that resulted in the pause, is still being 
used today to determine eligibility for new applicants, leaving many 
out of the program whom Congress intended to cover. The Elizabeth Dole 
Foundation strongly urges Congress to use its oversight authority to 
impress upon VA the urgency of finalizing a rule quickly that supports 
family caregivers and aligns with congressional intent.

Section 129:

    Commonly referred to the ``Pathway to Advocacy'' this provision 
requires the VA Secretary to establish a process by which organizations 
can become trained, certified and recognized to help a veteran, 
caregiver, or survivor to navigate the services of the Veterans Health 
Administration. Too often, this committee learns of situations where 
vulnerable individual veterans or their family members are unaware of 
or unable to access the programs intended to help them, even though VA 
has the services necessary to support them. Given the potential 
positive impacts of this initiative on connecting veterans, caregivers, 
and survivors with needed resources, the Elizabeth Dole Foundation 
again recommends that VA brief interested organizations on the status 
of this provision's enactment and solicit feedback to ensure any 
recommendations align with congressional intent.

Section 130:

    Given veteran preference for care in the home, GEC provides an 
invaluable set of tools to both accommodate the veteran's wishes and 
support the family caregivers who are often thrust into this role. 
Among other things, section 130 requires that VA undergo an extensive 
review of these services to ensure consistency in program management, 
appropriate staffing levels, proper care coordination, and eliminate 
service gaps. While this provision was enacted prior to the current 
reorganization efforts underway at the agency, the Elizabeth Dole 
Foundation encourages VA to enact the provisions in the spirit in which 
they were intended to ensure that these vital programs are staffed 
appropriately to better serve veterans and caregivers.

Conclusion:

    The passage of the Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st Century Veterans 
Healthcare and Benefits Improvement Act provided an opportunity for VA 
to implement bipartisan legislation that was carefully crafted with the 
support of many in the veteran community. As VA continues its work on 
the implementation of this law, we encourage the agency to update and 
solicit regular feedback of relevant veteran service and non-profit 
organizations to achieve our mutual goal of serving veterans, 
caregivers, and survivors.
    The Elizabeth Dole Foundation would once again like to thank the 
subcommittee for the opportunity to present our views today. We look 
forward to continuing to work with you on the full and prompt 
implementation of this law and would be happy to answer any questions.

                                 [all]