[House Hearing, 119 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                          LEGISLATIVE HEARING
=======================================================================

                                HEARING

                               BEFORE THE

                        SUBCOMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC 
                               OPPORTUNITY

                                 OF THE

                     COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS

                     U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                             SECOND SESSION

                               __________

                      WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 21, 2026

                               __________

                           Serial No. 119-44

                               __________

       Printed for the use of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs
       
[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]       

                    Available via http://govinfo.gov
                    
                               __________
                               
                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE
63-302                    WASHINGTON : 2026
=======================================================================
                    
                     COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS

                     MIKE BOST, Illinois, Chairman

AUMUA AMATA COLEMAN RADEWAGEN,       MARK TAKANO, California, Ranking 
    American Samoa, Vice-Chairwoman      Member
JACK BERGMAN, Michigan               JULIA BROWNLEY, California
NANCY MACE, South Carolina           CHRIS PAPPAS, New Hampshire
MARIANNETTE MILLER-MEEKS, Iowa       SHEILA CHERFILUS-MCCORMICK, 
GREGORY F. MURPHY, North Carolina        Florida
DERRICK VAN ORDEN, Wisconsin         MORGAN MCGARVEY, Kentucky
MORGAN LUTTRELL, Texas               DELIA RAMIREZ, Illinois
JUAN CISCOMANI, Arizona              NIKKI BUDZINSKI, Illinois
KEITH SELF, Texas                    TIMOTHY M. KENNEDY, New York
JEN KIGGANS, Virginia                MAXINE DEXTER, Oregon
ABE HAMADEH, Arizona                 HERB CONAWAY, New Jersey
KIMBERLYN KING-HINDS, Northern       KELLY MORRISON, Minnesota
    Mariana Islands
TOM BARRETT, Michigan

                       Jon Clark, Staff Director
                  Matt Reel, Democratic Staff Director

                  SUBCOMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

                 DERRICK VAN ORDEN, Wisconsin, Chairman

JUAN CISCOMANI, Arizona              CHRIS PAPPAS, New Hampshire, 
ABE HAMADEH, Arizona                     Ranking Member
KIMBERLYN KING-HINDS, Northern       MORGAN MCGARVEY, Kentucky
    Mariana Islands                  DELIA RAMIREZ, Illinois
TOM BARRETT, Michigan                TIMOTHY M. KENNEDY, New York

Pursuant to clause 2(e)(4) of Rule XI of the Rules of the House, public 
hearing records of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs are also 
published in electronic form. The printed hearing record remains the 
official version. Because electronic submissions are used to prepare 
both printed and electronic versions of the hearing record, the process 
of converting between various electronic formats may introduce 
unintentional errors or omissions. Such occurrences are inherent in the 
current publication process and should diminish as the process is 
further refined.
                         C  O  N  T  E  N  T  S

                              ----------                              

                      WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 21, 2026

                                                                   Page

                           OPENING STATEMENTS

The Honorable Tom Barrett, Acting Chairman.......................     1
The Honorable Chris Pappas, Ranking Member.......................     3

                         SPEAKING FROM THE DAIS

The Honorable David Valadao, U.S. House of Representatives, (CA-
  22)............................................................     4
The Honorable George Whitesides, U.S. House of Representatives, 
  (CA-27)........................................................     5
The Honorable Thomas Kean, U.S. House of Representatives, (NJ-07)     5
The Honorable John Mannion, U.S. House of Representatives, (NY-
  22)............................................................     6
The Honorable Jen Kiggans, U.S. House of Representatives, (VA-02)     7
The Honorable Zachary Nunn, U.S. House of Representatives, (IA-
  03)............................................................     8
The Honorable Abe Hamadeh, U.S. House of Representatives, (AZ-08)     9

                               WITNESSES
                                Panel I

Mr. Kenneth Smith, Assistant Deputy Undersecretary, Veterans 
  Benefits Administration, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs...    10

        Accompanied by:

    Ms. Chantile Stovall, Acting Executive Director, Veteran 
        Readiness and Employment Service, Veterans Benefits 
        Administration, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

Mr. Jeremiah Workman, Assistant Secretary, Veterans' Employment 
  and Training Service, U.S. Department of Labor.................    11

                                Panel II

Mr. Sam Cook, President, Superior Van & Mobility, On behalf of 
  BraunAbility...................................................    21

Mr. Larry Smith, Semiconductor Industry Expert...................    23

Ms. Julie Howell, Associate Legislative Director for Government 
  Relations, Paralyzed Veterans of America.......................    25

Ms. Kathryn Monet, Chief Executive Officer, National Coalition of 
  Homeless Veterans..............................................    26

                                APPENDIX
                    Prepared Statements Of Witnesses

Mr. Kenneth Smith Prepared Statement.............................    39
Mr. Jeremiah Workman Prepared Statement..........................    60
Mr. Sam Cook Prepared Statement..................................    64
Mr. Larry Smith Prepared Statement...............................    73
Ms. Julie Howell Prepared Statement..............................    74
Ms. Kathryn Monet Prepared Statement.............................    77

                          APPENDIX--continued
                       Statements For The Record

Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States Prepared Statement.    79
Veterans United Home Loans Prepared Statement....................    82
Niskanen Center Prepared Statement...............................    84
With Honor Action Prepared Statement.............................    86
The American Legion Prepared Statement...........................    88
National Association of Electrical Distributors (NAED) Prepared 
  Statement......................................................    98
Student Veterans of America Prepared Statement...................   101
National Association of State Approving Agencies Prepared 
  Statement......................................................   105

 
                          LEGISLATIVE HEARING

                              ----------                              


                      WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 21, 2026

      Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity,
                    Committee on Veterans' Affairs,
                             U.S. House of Representatives,
                                                    Washington, DC.
    The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:30 p.m., in 
room 360, Cannon House Office Building, Hon. Tom Barrett, 
[acting chairman of the subcommittee] presiding.
    Present: Representatives Barrett, Hamadeh, Pappas, 
McGarvey, Ramirez, and Kennedy.
    Also present: Representatives Nunn, Kean, Valadao, Kiggans, 
Whitesides, and Mannion.

       OPENING STATEMENT OF TOM BARRETT, ACTING CHAIRMAN

    Mr. Barrett. Good afternoon, everyone. The subcommittee 
will come to order, and I welcome the witnesses and 
subcommittee members to today's hearing and the other members 
of the subcommittee. I am standing in for Chairman Van Orden as 
he is dealing with a personal family issue today, and I look 
forward to giving him a report of how today's committee went.
    As he has said many times, and all of you have heard, we 
operate this subcommittee and the U.S. Department of Veterans 
Affairs (VA) Committee in whole with the ultimate goal of 
improving opportunities for those who have served our country 
and doing that in a nonpartisan fashion in a collaborative way. 
I am excited to work with the minority today on how we can move 
the agenda forward in that effort, and this legislative hearing 
will continue in that spirit of bipartisanship.
    We hold legislative hearings to learn from VA and other 
stakeholders about their views on the bills that we are 
proposing and to ensure members are making informed decisions 
when we do or do not mark them up later in the process. We 
value this insight provided by these folks with the witness 
testimony that we have before us today.
    Unfortunately, though, the committee did not receive the VA 
or U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) testimony until less than 24 
hours before this hearing started. You know, to me, we want to 
work collaboratively with these agencies in a way that 
ultimately achieves the best benefit for our veterans. It is 
really my expectation and that of Chairman Van Orden to make 
sure that we can do that effectively. It is my hope, and really 
my request from you today, that you can furnish that 
legislative testimony to us ahead of time so that we can have a 
deeper and better insight into it ahead of time. It is my hope 
that it is the last time that we received late testimony in 
order to ensure that we are providing the best economic 
opportunities and support for our veterans.
    We have 12 important legislative proposals to consider here 
today. It is important to note that not all of the proposals we 
discuss will move forward in the legislative process, but it is 
important to have them take testimony on these bills. A number 
of these bills seek to improve education programs, 
accessibility to VA benefits, and VA's home loan program.
    I specifically want to highlight my own bill on the agenda. 
My bill, H.R. 7083, the Centralized Reimbursement for Upgraded 
Innovative Service Equipment (CRUISE) Act, would require the VA 
to develop a plan and centralize all payments for Adaptive 
Automobile Equipment program, the Automobile Adaptive Equipment 
(AAE) program. This would help eliminate the bureaucratic 
barriers of each individual hospital making their own payments 
directly to the AAE dealers and instead move it to a central VA 
office. By doing so, this bill would streamline the process of 
paying these providers with the intent of ensuring the 
providers get paid sooner and more efficiently.
    We have heard of instances where there are delays in the 
hundreds of days in paying these providers. There have been 
continued payment delays from VA, and in certain parts of the 
country, there are 22 adaptive automotive invoices that are 
over 1,000 days late for their payments. That is years in 
backlog. That is unacceptable, and my bill would get to work at 
addressing these delays, cutting out the red tape, and ensuring 
providers get paid for their valuable work, all the while 
getting disabled veterans the service that they deserve. My 
bill would also hold VA accountable for making these payments 
to AAE providers in a timely manner by requiring the VA to 
publish the exact number of days that each payment takes that 
exceeds 30 days.
    If we do not fix this, we risk losing good providers who 
help our veterans get the adaptive vehicles that they need. 
Many of these are, of course, beyond the reach of veterans. 
Otherwise, if we do not have the VA step up and do this, and 
these are benefits that they have earned due to injuries they 
have sustained while serving our country. We cannot let the 
bureaucracy get in the way of providing these benefits. If this 
continues, veterans will have less provider options available 
to them because they will not see the VA as a good-faith 
partner in that effort.
    Additional bills that we will consider would address 
modernizations and improvements to workforce, the Transition 
Assistance Program (TAP) program, the VA Home Loan program, and 
the GI Bill. I have reservations about some of the proposals on 
the agenda today, and the witness testimony and questions from 
members will hopefully address some of these issues so we can 
make informed decisions about whether to move these bills 
forward in the legislative process. I come to them with an open 
mind. Just because we have bills on the legislative hearing 
does not necessarily guarantee that we can advance them through 
the markup process due to policy or cost concerns, or other 
things that may arise through testimony today.
    We look forward to hearing from the members who have 
introduced these proposals, as well as our witnesses, on how we 
can continue to improve these bills and better the lives of our 
veterans.
    With that, I will yield to the ranking member for his 
testimony and opening remarks.

       OPENING STATEMENT OF CHRIS PAPPAS, RANKING MEMBER

    Mr. Pappas. Well, thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I will get 
right to the point. I know our time is limited here today. 
First off, I would just like to express disappointment that we 
do not have a witness from the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) 
joining us here today to understand the legislation before us. 
On the other hand, I am glad to welcome someone from the 
Department of Labor. I am glad that we have Veteran Employment 
Training Services Assistant Secretary confirmed. I want to 
welcome you, Mr. Workman, to the subcommittee and thank you for 
being here.
    I know we are going to have members joining from off the 
committee today to help us understand their legislation and 
work together on bipartisan solutions that will help our 
Nation's veterans. I am really glad to see that.
    I want to highlight a few of these bills.
    One is Mr. Riley's bill to address issues that we saw 
during the recent government shutdown around expiring 
authorizations in the VA's Housing and Security programs. The 
Chairman and I have spoken many times on the realities of 
affordable housing in our districts and across the country. We 
have also highlighted addressing homelessness as among the top 
priorities for the subcommittee. Here is an opportunity to do 
just that. I will also note that Ms. McClain Delaney's bill on 
Improvements to the Service Member Civil Relief Act, Mr. 
Mannion's bill prohibiting the withholding of student veterans' 
transcripts, and Mr. Whiteside's bill to improve reporting from 
the VA home loan program are all expected to be cost-neutral. I 
hope to see them move through the subcommittee into the full 
committee markup quickly.
    As for other legislation before the committee today, I hope 
that the Chairman will work with our staff to make improvements 
to bills that move forward to a future markup. While I think 
that the authors are all well-intentioned, the proposed changes 
to the Transition Assistance Program, as well as modifications 
to grant employment and apprenticeship programs, may include--
may require some larger structural changes to achieve the 
desired effects and prevent unintended consequences.
    I support the intent of the Veteran Employment Through 
Technology Education Courses (VET-TEC) program, now known as 
the high-technology program. It is critical that we first 
address the under 50 percent employment rate for graduates of 
the program before we add anything to it. We cannot keep 
throwing taxpayer dollars at well-intentioned but 
underperforming programs.
    Speaking specifically to the CRUISE Act, I think it is 
unfortunate how late the VA's testimony was submitted, and I do 
not believe that VA has a witness here that can directly speak 
to that problem. I understand that the status quo is untenable 
for the dealerships, and I have concerns that this pill fails 
to hit the mark, especially given that it does not provide 
additional staff or funding to help process the claims, which 
will only make delays worse. I am committed to getting a 
bipartisan solution in coordination with stakeholders. I have 
concerns in terms of how the bill has been drafted.
    After today's hearing, as we move forward to the markups 
and subcommittee and full committee at both levels, I ask the 
Chairman to continue working with us to find and focus on areas 
within where we agree. This committee has a great tradition of 
bipartisan work, and we have got to reinforce it with action 
year in and year out. While the traditionally agreed-upon ratio 
of majority to minority bills brought forward in legislative 
hearings for this Congress is still slightly out of balance, I 
trust that the Chairman will remedy this in future hearings.
    I yield back, Mr. Chairman. Thank you.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you, Ranking Member Pappas.
    I ask unanimous consent that Representative Valadao from 
California, Representative Whitesides from California, 
Representative Kean from New Jersey, Representative Kiggans 
from Virginia, and Representative Nunn from Iowa be permitted 
to participate in today's subcommittee hearing.
    Without objection, that is so ordered.
    I recognize Representative Valadao for 3 minutes.

                   STATEMENT OF DAVID VALADAO

    Mr. Valadao. Thank you, Chairman Barrett, Ranking Member 
Pappas, and all members of the subcommittee for your time 
today.
    After serving our Nation, veterans deserve timely access to 
quality care, especially when they are facing homelessness and 
mental health challenges. Too often, veterans slip through the 
cracks not because help does not exist, but because the system 
is not working the way it should. That is why I was proud to 
introduce the Improving Mental Health Care and Coordination for 
Homeless Veterans Act. This bill is about accountability, 
coordination, and making sure vulnerable veterans are connected 
with every VA service created to help them readjust to civilian 
life.
    A recent Inspector General report uncovered the serious 
gaps in how the VA documents assessments and shares critical 
information across the programs. When assessments are not 
completed or recorded properly, veterans miss out on services, 
housing options, and critical follow-up care that could mean 
the difference between life and death. This is unacceptable.
    My bill requires the VA to conduct a comprehensive 
assessment within 3 days of identifying a veteran in need, 
evaluate immediate and long-term health needs, identify 
appropriate housing options, and ensure the information is 
included in the veteran's electronic health records so nothing 
gets lost. Roughly 1 in 10 veterans experience homelessness 
after serving and seek help from the VA. We owe it to them to 
ensure the system works properly, they can access the service--
and that they can access the services they need. This bill is a 
reasonable step to strengthen coordination and accountability, 
and I urge all members of the committee to support it.
    Thank you. I yield back.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you. Mr. Valadao yields.
    I now recognize Representative Whitesides for 3 minutes.

                 STATEMENT OF GEORGE WHITESIDES

    Mr. Whitesides. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I appreciate the 
opportunity to speak today in support of my legislation to 
strengthen transparency and oversight of the VA Home Loan 
Program. For generations, this program has been one of the most 
effective tools we have to help veterans achieve home ownership 
and stay housed during times of financial hardship. It is a 
promise we make to those who served that their--who served, 
that their sacrifice will be met with opportunity and stability 
when they return home.
    A promise only works if the system behind it is healthy. In 
recent years, changing market conditions and policy shifts have 
raised real concerns among veterans' service organizations, 
housing experts, and lawmakers about the long-term stability of 
the VA Home Loan Program. We have heard warnings about 
increased financial stress among veteran borrowers and 
questions about whether the program is equipped to withstand 
future economic shocks. Right now, Congress and the public do 
not have consistent, detailed data to fully understand how the 
program is performing. That makes it harder to spot problems 
early on and harder to act before veterans are put at risk.
    My bill is a straightforward, good governance solution. It 
requires the Department of Veterans' Affairs to publish regular 
public reports on the health and performance of the VA Home 
Loan Program. These reports would track how many loans are 
being issued, denied, and refinanced, and provide insight into 
staffing levels at the VA Home Loan office so we can ensure the 
program has the capacity it needs to serve veterans 
effectively.
    This is about making sure government systems designed to 
support veterans actually work. I firmly believe that good data 
leads to good policy. With better information, Congress can 
conduct stronger oversight, stakeholders can identify issues 
earlier, and the VA can respond more quickly when veterans 
begin to experience financial stress. Most importantly, this 
bill helps protect the long-term solvency of the program so 
that it remains available for future generations of veterans 
and not just those who served today.
    Preventing veteran housing insecurity should be a shared 
priority across the committee. As I know it is. Transparency is 
one of the most effective tools we have to do that. I am 
grateful to Ranking Member Takano for his partnership and 
leadership on this issue, and I look forward to working with 
members on both sides of the aisle to ensure that this program 
remains strong, accountable, and worthy of the veterans it 
serves.
    Thank you. I yield back.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you. Gentleman yields.
    Representative Kean, you are recognized for 3 minutes.

                    STATEMENT OF THOMAS KEAN

    Mr. Kean. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I appreciate the 
opportunity to speak before the Veterans Affairs Committee 
today in support of the Veterans Flight Training Responsibility 
Act, a bill that I introduced with Congressman McGarvey.
    I come from the State of New Jersey, proud home to over 
400,000 veterans. Whether at Picatinny Arsenal in my district 
or military bases throughout our State, America's armed forces 
serve faithfully throughout New Jersey and the world. Our 
veterans have given so much to serve our country, and so I am 
dedicated to ensuring that they receive the benefits that they 
deserve. Today, we have a chance to move forward a bill that 
provides veterans with the flexibility to pursue education at 
their own pace.
    The Veterans Flight Training Responsibility Act expedites 
the flight training process for veterans by removing the 1-year 
requirement for accessing their GI Bill benefits. Flight 
training timelines often look different than traditional 
education programs. This means costs are accrued at a different 
rate. Our veterans' benefits should reflect this. The Veterans 
Flight Training Responsibility Act ensures veterans can 
complete their flight training on a timeline that makes sense 
for their program without having to pay costly out-of-pocket 
tuition fees.
    I am proud to stand with our veterans to ensure that they 
receive their education benefits on a timeline that supports 
their chosen course of study. This bill honors our veterans by 
helping them launch successful aviation careers after serving 
in our Nation's military. I thank this committee for their 
consideration of my bill, and I encourage my colleagues to 
support this important legislation.
    Thank you. I yield back the balance of my time.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you.
    I ask unanimous consent that Representative Mannion from 
New York be permitted to participate in today's subcommittee 
hearing.
    Without objection. So ordered.
    Represent Mannion, you are recognized for 3 minutes.

                   STATEMENT OF JOHN MANNION

    Mr. Mannion. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I appreciate the 
opportunity to speak today in support of my bill, the End 
Transcript Withholding for Veterans Act. I would also like to 
thank my colleague Representative Moylan for co-leading this 
effort with me. This common-sense legislation would close the 
gap in Federal law that has unfairly denied veterans access to 
the educational benefits that they have earned.
    For too long, colleges and universities have been permitted 
to withhold transcripts from students as a debt collection 
tactic. For many students, this puts a hold on their careers or 
prevents them from furthering their education. What is also 
troubling is that in many cases, these debts are the result of 
billing errors or disputed balances. Yet, student veterans are 
left in limbo for no fault of their own.
    Student veterans often pursue their education in non-
traditional ways, balancing academic responsibilities alongside 
raising families and building careers. If you do not have 
access to your academic records, it is much harder to secure 
employment and pay back the debts that triggered the 
withholding in the first place.
    In 2024, the Department of Education took an important step 
in addressing this issue by prohibiting colleges from 
withholding academic transcripts for coursework paid for with 
Title IV financial aid. However, Title IV aid is separate from 
the educational benefits provided under the Post-9/11 GI Bill, 
and as a result, current law allows veterans to be excluded 
from these protections. My bill would correct this inequity and 
provide parity. No veteran who has served this country should 
face these unnecessary barriers to opportunity.
    In the district I represent, Syracuse, Central New York, 
and the Mohawk Valley, our institutions of higher education 
serve our military-connected students and veterans 
exceptionally well, and I am proud to stand behind that 
mission. I thank the members of the subcommittee for 
considering my bill and for having me here today. I kindly ask 
for your support in passing this legislation and looking out 
for our student veterans.
    I yield back.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you. Gentleman yields.
    I recognize Representative Kiggans for 3 minutes. Go ahead.

                    STATEMENT OF JEN KIGGANS

    Ms. Kiggans. Thank you, Mr. Chair. I appreciate the 
Economic Opportunity Subcommittee for having me here today to 
discuss my bill, the Veterans Energy Transition Act, also known 
as the VET Act. I introduced this bill to help our Nation's 
service members transition into meaningful, sustainable careers 
in the fast-growing energy sector. It is very simple. We know 
that we need more energy and energy producers, and our veterans 
need jobs. It is a great--a great marriage for sure.
    When service members transition out of the military, it can 
be challenging to find a mission-driven career beyond the 
service, and that can make this period difficult for them. My 
district is home to thousands of these transitioning veterans, 
as well as a booming energy sector. Virginia has an all-of-the-
above energy approach, which we embrace and encourage veterans 
to be an important part of that. Energy companies continue to 
choose Virginia as their home base, and our Nation's veterans 
are uniquely qualified for many of these jobs.
    While our National energy demand continues to steadily 
increase around the country, we must maintain a reliable 
workforce that secures our energy dominance on the world stage. 
The VET Act creates a hiring pathway for veterans through a 
grant program to assist separating members of the armed forces 
and their spouses in obtaining employment in the energy 
industry, an industry that is vital to our Nation's future and 
economy.
    At its core, this legislation recognizes something many of 
us already know. When our service members complete their 
service to our Nation, their dedication and skills do not end. 
They simply need a new pathway. The VET Act is a practical, 
targeted step toward helping those who have served our country 
find stable careers and contribute to our National energy 
goals. It bridges military experience with civilian 
opportunity, supports families, and strengthens our workforce. 
I urge thoughtful consideration and bipartisan support for this 
bill and its goal of honoring service with meaningful 
opportunity.
    Thank you. I yield back.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you.
    Representative Nunn, you are now recognized for 3 minutes.

                   STATEMENT OF ZACHARY NUNN

    Mr. Nunn. I want to thank both the Chair and the Ranking 
Member on the good bipartisan work we are all trying to do to 
help our veterans. I am proud today to be joining and 
advocating for H.R. 2878, the Daniel J. Harvey and Adam Lambert 
Improving Service Members' Transition to Reduce Veteran Suicide 
Act.
    The U.S. is leading on a new era of foreign policy, one 
where our sons and daughters are called to serve and defend our 
great Nation, where we have invested in their safety, in their 
families, and in their economic well-being with one of the 
greatest pay raises ever. We also must invest on their health 
when they return from the battlefield.
    Last month, I joined my fellow Iowans as well as President 
Trump at Dover Air Force Base to receive the remains of two 
Iowa National Guardsmen who were killed defending this country 
in Syria, Staff Sergeant William Nathaniel Howard and Staff 
Sergeant Edgar Brian Torres-Tovar, who is from my district. 
While I attended their funerals, I also saw other warriors who 
came home and bore scars not seen to the human eye. It is never 
easy to lose a warrior on the field, but it is equally 
devastating to lose a warrior on the home front.
    I am here today not just as a U.S. Congressman, but like 
many of you, as a veteran. 20 years of combat service, and as a 
commander, I watch my own airmen endure the struggles that come 
with post-service life. I carry the message of those who cannot 
be here to speak on their behalf today because veteran suicide 
rates still rank as some of the highest reasons for veteran 
death.
    Specifically, I speak today in honor of Corporal Adam 
Lambert, a proud Marine from Adel, Iowa. He loved his family. 
His family loved him. Adam put others before himself, his 
friends, family, and our country. Adam bravely served our 
country in the Marines. He deployed to Okinawa and in 
Afghanistan. During boot camp, Adam met a fellow Marine named 
Daniel Harvey. He was from Rhode Island. They became friends, 
and they stayed connected throughout their entire career in the 
U.S. Marine Corps. At just 22 years old, Daniel died by 
suicide. He had just left the Marines. Adam, his friend, 
followed him less than a month later. Adam was a friend. He was 
a beloved son. He was a brother.
    Unfortunately, their stories are all too common for our 
service members when they come home from duty. To address this, 
I am proud to be working with this committee as we introduce 
H.R. 2778. The Daniel J. Harvey and Adam Lambert Improving 
Service Members Transition to Reduce Veteran Suicide Act will 
work with our Transition Assistance Program to ensure 
transitioning vets are aware of both their mental health 
services that are available to them and help them provide 
access to the resources they deserve.
    With the help of this committee and advocates like all of 
you in this room, we can and should and will save others like 
Daniel and Adam. Thank you to all the witnesses who are here 
today, and thank you, Mr. Chairman, for holding this very 
important hearing. I yield.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you. Appreciate your testimony.
    I now recognize Representative Hamadeh for 3 minutes.

                    STATEMENT OF ABE HAMADEH

    Mr. Hamadeh. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. My bill, the 
Improving Emerging Tech Opportunities Veterans Act, is not just 
another workforce bill. It is a National security imperative 
with Arizona's fingerprints all over it.
    Since 2020, America has seen over $600 billion in private 
semiconductor investment announced across 28 states. That means 
more than 500,000 American jobs. Artificial intelligence is a 
booming emerging tech sector of the economy, but the problem is 
we do not have enough workers trained to fill them. We do have 
enough veterans.
    In my own district, the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing 
Company, TSMC, is investing hundreds of billions of dollars in 
the local economy, which will amount to thousands of jobs. It 
is a critical piece of President Trump's mission to end our 
reliance on foreign chips, especially from adversaries like 
Communist China. In every meeting with TSMC, I have prioritized 
veterans, and they have assured me that they are in the process 
of creating a robust veteran program. Right now, the VA could 
do more to connect veterans with these opportunities, and 
private industry could move faster to implement the veteran 
hiring and training programs they have promised.
    My bill fixes that. It requires the VA to partner with 
industry leaders, educational institutions, and nonprofits to 
identify high-demand emerging tech jobs like semiconductor 
manufacturing and artificial intelligence. Then it mandates the 
VA put that information front and center during transition 
assistance, and on the VA website. It also creates an expedited 
90-day approval process for courses of education that train 
veterans for these positions because we cannot afford 
bureaucratic delays when National security and veteran 
opportunities are on the line.
    Now, I served as an Army intelligence officer. I know the 
discipline, the technical aptitude, and the mission focus our 
service members bring to every task. These men and women are 
exactly the type of people the semiconductor industry needs. I 
urge my colleagues to support this legislation. Our veterans 
deserve a path to high-paying, high-impact careers that also 
serve our National security interest.
    Thank you. I yield back.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you, Representative Hamadeh.
    I will now introduce our witness panel.
    Our first witness, Mr. Kenneth Smith, acting executive 
director, Education Services at the Department of Veteran 
Affairs. Mr. Smith is accompanied by Ms. Chantile Stovall, 
acting executive director of Veteran Readiness and Employment 
Services within the Veteran Affairs Administration at the 
Department of Veteran Affairs. Our final witness is Mr. 
Jeremiah Workman, assistant secretary of Veterans Employment 
and Training Service at the Department of Labor. I ask 
witnesses on our first panel, please stand and raise your right 
hand.
    [Witnesses sworn.]
    Mr. Barrett. Let the record reflect that the witnesses have 
answered in the affirmative.
    I ask the witness and members today to respect our 5-minute 
rule due to the votes that we have pending on the floor.
    Mr. Smith, you are now recognized for 5 minutes to deliver 
your testimony on behalf of the Department of VA.

                   STATEMENT OF KENNETH SMITH

    Mr. Smith. Thank you. Chairman Barrett, Ranking Member 
Pappas, and distinguished members of the subcommittee. Thank 
you for the opportunity to present our views on bills affecting 
VA's programs and benefits. Joining me today is Ms. Chantile 
Stovall, acting executive director of Veteran Readiness and 
Employment Service.
    Before we begin, I would like to apologize on behalf of VA 
for the delay in providing testimony due to the committee. VA 
continues to work on process improvements internally and 
externally to prevent future delays. Additionally, our Veterans 
Health Administration (VHA) partners are not able to attend 
today's hearing. Unfortunately, I will be unable to speak on 
the Improving Mental Health Care and Coordination of Homeless 
Veterans Act, the elimination of maximum authorizations of 
appropriations for certain benefits for homeless veterans, and 
making permanent the authority to carry out certain programs 
for homeless veterans. I will be taking those questions for the 
record.
    VA is happy to offer support for several bills. However, 
others--we support the bills but have concerns with the 
language as written.
    VA supports the intent of H.R. 982 Warriors to Workforce 
Act. However, we are still assessing the budgetary impacts of 
the bill. The bill would increase the amount of Monthly Housing 
Allowance (MAH) paid to individuals pursuing a full-time 
apprenticeship or on-the-job training under Chapter 33 from 80 
percent to 90 percent during the second 6-month period of the 
program. This change will make On-the-Job Training (OJT) and 
apprenticeship programs more desirable for our beneficiaries.
    VA supports the intent with amendments of the Improving 
Emergencies--Emerging Tech Opportunities for Veterans Act, 
which would require VA to partner with critical stakeholders to 
identify specific types of industrial industries and positions 
that, as a result of emerging technologies, are likely to have 
high employment and growth potential for individuals. We are 
especially supportive of the provision requiring collaboration 
with the Department of Labor, as VA already collaborates with 
DOL and believes this existing partnership can be leveraged to 
meet the bill's objectives.
    VA could not offer its support for a few of the bills. For 
instance, VA opposes H.R. 5634, the Veterans Flight Training 
Responsibility Act of 2025, as this bill would establish a 
$100,000 maximum total amount payable under Chapter 33 for 
flight training fees for individuals pursuing flight training 
programs offered by a public institution of higher learning.
    VA supports expanding flight training opportunities at 
flight schools for veterans and their dependents, but this bill 
does the opposite by placing an arbitrary limit on amounts 
payable.
    VA cites concerns with the Affordable Housing Guarantee Act 
to increase maximum home loan guarantee amount because VA has 
no evidence that there is a market need for such a change. VA 
agrees to work with Congress to make housing more affordable, 
but has concerns with unintended risks to taxpayers, veterans, 
and VA through an increase in the guarantee amount.
    VA also cites concerns with the Home Loan Quarterly Reports 
bill and commits to provide additional information to Congress 
and the public without statutory requirement.
    Finally, for other bills, we must defer to other 
organizations as they fall outside VA's purview. We support all 
efforts to eliminate veteran suicide as intended by H.R. 2878, 
the Daniel J. Harvey and Adam Lambert Improving Service Member 
Transition to Reduce Veteran Suicide Act, but must defer to the 
Department of War on matters involving pre-separation 
counseling.
    VA specifically addresses mental health to include Post-
Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and suicide prevention in its 
mandatory TAP module on VA benefits and services and in 
military lifecycle modules. VA will work with the Committee on 
Language to strengthen those services.
    VA also defers H.R. 3159, improving Servicemembers Civil 
Relief Act (SCRA) Benefit Utilization Act to the Department of 
War.
    Last, we defer to the Department of Education, H.R. 5436, 
which prohibits an educational institution from withholding the 
transcript of an individual who attended a course or program 
using Post-9/11 GI Bill benefits solely because the individual 
owes a debt to the institution.
    This concludes my statement. We would be happy to answer 
any questions you or the members of the subcommittee may have.

    [The Prepared Statement Of Kenneth Smith Appears In The 
Appendix]

    Mr. Barrett. Thank you, Mr. Smith. The written statement of 
Mr. Smith will be entered into the hearing record.
    Mr. Workman, you are now recognized for 5 minutes to 
deliver your testimony on behalf of the Department of Labor.

                 STATEMENT OF JEREMIAH WORKMAN

    Mr. Workman. Thank you. Chairman Barrett, Ranking Member 
Pappas, and distinguished members of the subcommittee, thank 
you for the opportunity to testify at today's legislative 
hearing.
    The mission of the Department of Labor, Veterans' 
Employment and Training Service is to prepare America's service 
members, veterans, and military spouses for meaningful careers, 
provide them with employment resources and expertise, protect 
their employment rights, and promote their employment 
opportunities.
    As a retired Staff Sergeant of the United States Marine 
Corps, a combat veteran, Navy Cross recipient, and a tireless 
advocate for veterans, I am honored and humbled to serve as 
Assistant Secretary of Veterans' Employment and Training 
Service. While I have only been in my agency for less than a 
month, I am impressed by its dedication to our mission.
    President Donald Trump has demonstrated his unrelenting 
support for our military, veterans, and military spouses, 
placing a renewed National focus on honoring their service and 
expanding their opportunities after they leave the uniform 
behind. We owe our internal thanks to those who have served our 
country. That is why I am thankful for the opportunity to work 
with Congress to continuously improve our programs.
    The Warriors to Workforce Act would increase GI Bill 
monthly housing allowance benefits for apprenticeships and on-
the-job training programs, which are administered by the 
Department of Veterans' Affairs. The Department of Labor 
supports this bill. Registered apprenticeships are a highly 
effective pathway to develop in-demand skills while also 
earning a paycheck from day one. Registered apprenticeships 
train workers for careers using a structured combination of 
paid on-the-job training and related instruction.
    In April 2025, President Trump signed an executive order on 
Preparing Americans for High-Paying Skilled Trade Jobs of the 
Future, which established that it is the policy of the United 
States to optimize and target Federal investments in workforce 
development to align with our country's reindustrialization 
needs and equip American workers to fill the growing demand for 
skilled trades and other occupations. In the executive order, 
the President set the goal of at least 1 million new active 
apprentices nationwide. This goal is closely aligned with 
current labor market demand. Skilled trade jobs are facing a 
significant labor shortage, leading to increased demand for 
qualified workers.
    In alignment with the President's priorities and the 
growing demand for highly skilled trade jobs, it is my hope 
that we can continue to expand veteran participation and 
registered apprenticeship programs.
    Separately, a draft bill would, among other provisions, 
eliminate the maximum authorizations of appropriations for the 
Department of Labor's administered Homeless Veterans 
Reintegration Program. The Department of Labor supports this 
bill if amended. The Homeless Veterans Reintegration Program is 
the only Federal grant to focus exclusively on competitive 
employment for veterans experiencing or at risk of homelessness 
so that they can reach their full employment potential and 
high-quality career outcomes. The program fosters self-
sufficiency through employment and also holds grantees to high 
standards of accountability and effectiveness with proven 
results.
    The department strongly supports this program and shares 
Congress's commitment to improving outcomes for veterans 
experiencing homelessness. However, we do have some budget 
concerns, which are detailed in my written testimony.
    Finally, the Veterans Energy Transition Act would establish 
a new $60 million per year grant program administered by the 
Department of Labor to assist members of the Armed Forces who 
are transitioning to civilian employment, veterans, and their 
spouses to obtain employment in the energy industry. We have 
concerns with how the program is structured, as detailed in my 
written testimony. We look forward to working with the 
committee on alternative approaches that advance our shared 
goal of helping transitioning service members, veterans, and 
military spouses connect to jobs in the energy sector.
    Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member, distinguished members of the 
subcommittee, this concludes my statement. Thank you for the 
opportunity to be part of this hearing, and I welcome your 
questions.

    [The Prepared Statement Of Jeremiah Workman Appears In The 
Appendix]

    Mr. Barrett. Thank you, Mr. Workman. Written statement of 
Mr. Workman will be entered into the hearing record.
    I will now proceed to questioning. I ask members and 
witnesses again to respect the 5-minute rule as we have votes 
on the floor coming up now.
    I recognize myself for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Smith, beginning with you. Obviously, you can surmise 
that I have taken a bit of an interest in my bill about 
centralizing payments for these adaptive equipment vehicles. 
Can you tell me, in your own estimation, what is the 
appropriate amount of time that should be allowed for a vendor 
to receive payment under this program?
    Mr. Smith. Thank you for the question. I would like to say 
first off, I am not sure. One of our concerns is whether this 
applies to the auto grant, which is a new purchase of a new 
vehicle, a one-time grant for $27,000, or whether it is the 
continuous benefit and eligibility for modifying existing 
vehicle for adaptive equipment. I do agree that the Prompt 
Payment Act requirements for 30 days is reasonable from the 
time that we know that there is eligibility to issue payment. I 
do understand that we are working hard on that auto and 
adaptive equipment side. On the automobile grant, so the one-
time grant, there could be a potential eligibility cycle 
involving a disability claims decision if the veteran has not 
already been adjudicated eligible based on loss or loss of use 
of extremities or central visual acuity.
    Mr. Barrett. I appreciate some of the detail there, but the 
30-day prompt payment requirement is the standard that we are 
going for, that we are trying to achieve. I think you would 
agree with me that we have fallen short of that expectation. We 
have instances. We have one provider with over $9 million in 
overdue payments that have not come through. We have recently 
heard that some providers are withholding adaptive automobiles. 
They are literally withdrawing from the program because they do 
not have confidence that they are going to get timely payment 
from the VA. You heard in my opening remarks that we have heard 
of instances, literally, you know, more than 2 years in arrears 
for a particular provider.
    Now, I will fully grant that there is going to be truly 
exceptional circumstances where maybe a claim was filed, and it 
has not been adjudicated, or it is under appeal. You know there 
are going to be instances of that happening, but not in the 
numbers that we are seeing from these providers. My severe 
concern with that is that we are going to enter a situation 
where veterans are not able to find a provider that will do 
this work because they do not see the VA as a good--a good 
partner in that. If the end result is that fewer veterans are 
able to access adaptive equipment, then we are not making good 
on the effort we have in our country and through the work that 
you do in the VA to make sure that they are made whole to the 
extent that we can for the sacrifices they have made. I mean, 
these are people that have substantial injury that they have 
sustained to even qualify for this benefit to begin with.
    I know that we have payments that are more than 200 days 
late, 42 claims we are aware of that are over 500 days late. 
You know, that is well over a year in time. The length of time 
for providers to receive payments seems excessively long and 
seems to be a chronic issue, especially considering that they 
must front the cost when supplying these vehicles to veterans. 
They are not only out the money, but they are also out the 
equipment that they could have sold to another customer if 
they--if they had them still available.
    Assuming we can work through some of your concerns, and I 
would like to get a little bit more color to the--to the, I 
know you gave some, you know, asked for some consideration of 
amendments. I would be curious to know kind of what you would 
like those to be and how we can work together to get there. To 
me, we have got different VA facilities remitting payment at 
vastly different times. It cannot just be a situation where, 
you know, there is a unique circumstance that would not be the 
case in the chronically overdue payments in certain areas. If 
you can walk us through some of what your considerations of 
amendments are, we would love to take them under advisement 
from you.
    Mr. Smith. Thank you. I will not try to give you 
everything, and would certainly like to enlist support from my 
compensation colleagues for policies and procedures. I can say 
that I did look to see how many pending auto allowance grants 
are sitting with our team right now, and it is approximately 
195. Now, this is just that decision for an initial automobile 
one-time grant that is equal to $27,074.99. Our average days to 
complete last month was 75 days.
    Now there are going to be outliers. That is an average. We 
recognize that and would certainly work to make that better. 
That is also in a bucket of work that is assigned to our 
benefits eligibility support teams, who are working right now 
through an inventory of about 900,000 adjustments to dependency 
and other miscellaneous adjustments, such as drill pay 
adjustments and other things. There is a good bit of work. 
Specifically, if we would pull this out for specific 
prioritization, we would need resource identification for that 
specific assignment of work, and then we can certainly work to 
assign that work to that--that workforce to achieve the 
outcomes.
    Mr. Barrett. Okay, thank you, and look forward to working 
with you more on that. I would just further stipulate that 70-
some days is more than twice the intended target of 30 days. I 
appreciate some of that background.
    I recognize the Ranking Member, Mr. Pappas, for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Pappas. Thanks, Mr. Chairman.
    Mr. Smith, if I can start with you. I know we do not have a 
representative here specifically from the Homelessness Program 
Office today, but I just want to start with a question related 
to H.R. 7149. That is the Veteran Housing Promise Act. I saw 
that VA's legislative proposals for the Fiscal Year included 
making the Healthcare for Homeless Veterans Program permanent. 
I think we should all agree that the other housing and security 
programs like Supportive Services for Veteran Families (SSVF) 
and Grant Per Diem (GPD) are just as important as the health 
care for homeless veterans.
    As noted in your written testimony, it is hard for 
providers in SSVF and GPD to plan with the funding and 
authorizations in the air every year. Should Congress 
permanently authorize those programs, like the proposal for the 
health care for homeless veterans?
    Mr. Smith. Thank you for the question. As I said in my 
opening, I will have to take all of those questions for the 
record. However, I will add that VA certainly supports efforts 
to ensure veterans experiencing homelessness are properly 
assessed and cared for.
    Mr. Pappas. Well, thanks for taking that for the record. We 
look forward to the response. Also for you, Mr. Smith, and in 
the written testimony, VA deferred to the Department of 
Education regarding H.R. 5436 and transcript withholding. I 
wanted to ask you directly, should student veterans receive the 
same protections against schools withholding transcripts as 
their peers receiving Title IV funds through the Department of 
Education, as proposed in Mr. Mannion's bill?
    Mr. Smith. We are certainly interested in protections for 
our GI Bill veteran students, but we have to defer to the 
Department of Education because transcript provisioning is in 
their purview.
    Mr. Pappas. VA will not provide any additional comment on 
that?
    Mr. Smith. No, sir.
    Mr. Pappas. Okay. I want to move to another bill, H.R. 
2878. I saw that you did not address the Department's stance on 
tasking the Solid Start Program with assisting eligible 
veterans in enrolling with--with the VHA, and I could see that 
being a difficult process over the phone. Would it make more 
sense just to automate the process and enroll all eligible 
service members during their transition process as outlined in 
the Ensuring Veterans' Smooth Transition (EVEST) Act? That way, 
we are not playing catch-up, but it is systematized and 
streamlined.
    Mr. Smith. Thank you for the question. My understanding 
that in the TAPs benefits module, there is an interactive 
discussion with service members, and they are offered the 
opportunity to complete that 10-10EZ form. If they defer, they 
are provided information for a liaison to assist them at a 
later time.
    Mr. Pappas. Well, thanks for that. I mean, you know, making 
things as easy as possible for the--for the end user, for the 
veteran, for the transitioning service member should be 
everyone's goal.
    In written testimony, the discussion draft regarding the VA 
Home Loan Program reporting requirements, which is now H.R. 
7150, I am just having a hard time sympathizing with the idea 
that the reporting would be too burdensome. In that case, I 
compare the proposed requirements to other government home loan 
programs, and this proposal is nowhere near as detailed or as 
burdensome. VA has all that data already. It would just be to 
publish it quarterly rather than annually. Am I missing 
something here? Is there a reason that the Department feels 
differently about this as opposed to other reporting 
requirements?
    Mr. Smith. We believe that we can provide that information 
to Congress without a statutory requirement and look forward to 
working with you on the definitions and the specific data 
points that you would like to see. As you mentioned, we already 
publish a lot of data annually. In addition, we provide 
quarterly reporting on lender data under PL 115.174. Note that 
the Federal Financial Institution Examination Council publishes 
data and reports on institutions under the Home and Mortgage 
Disclosure Act.
    Mr. Pappas. Well, thanks for that. I know there are a 
number of data reporting requirements for school, for the Home 
Loan Program office. We ask for a significant amount of data 
from lenders, and they often complain about the amount of 
requirements, but they comply. I think that we are not asking 
for too much here.
    Maybe I could just ask you one more question. This is 
around adding the emerging technology to the high technology 
VET-TEC program, and the current statute defines high 
technology as computer programming, computer software, media 
application, data processing, information sciences. Is there 
anything in the current statute that would prevent artificial 
intelligence or semiconductor programs from participating in 
the high technology program? Is this just to give it extra 
emphasis, or is there any sort of change that this would 
actually allow new programs in?
    Mr. Smith. My understanding is that artificial intelligence 
would be covered as a software product under the existing 
authority. However, the addition of semiconductor manufacturing 
would be an addition that would be new as authorized by this 
act.
    Mr. Pappas. Okay. Appreciate the responses. Thanks for 
being here. I yield back.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you. The Ranking Member yields.
    Representative Hamadeh, you are recognized for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Hamadeh. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Smith, thank you 
for being here today, and thank you for the VA's support of my 
bill, the Improving Emerging Tech Opportunities for Veterans 
Act. I appreciate the department's commitment to getting this 
right. I look forward to working with you.
    In your testimony, you note that the VA already 
collaborates with the Department of Labor on identifying high-
demand occupations. Can you walk the subcommittee through step 
by step how this bill would strengthen, formalize that 
partnership?
    Mr. Smith. I would like to say that we would continue to 
leverage our meetings with the Department of Labor to discuss 
industry-specific needs and then provide targeted outreach for 
use of GI Bill benefits programs. Under the VET-TEC program, we 
would then also partner with Department of Labor to ensure that 
we are reaching to providers of this training and, you know, 
ensure that they apply for and can begin training those 
students or veterans under that program.
    Mr. Hamadeh. When you say providers, you mean the industry 
leaders?
    Mr. Smith. Industry leaders who would be offering 
certificates under the VET-TEC program. Correct.
    Mr. Hamadeh. What relationship with the, you know, there is 
already existing relationships right now with industry leaders 
in the VA, correct? What would be a good model for this--for 
this new bill?
    Mr. Smith. I am not sure, sir. I would have to get back to 
you on that.
    Mr. Hamadeh. You know my bill establishes a 90-day 
expedited approval process for courses that train veterans for 
emerging tech jobs. Now, your testimony states the VA has no 
concerns with meeting that timeline. Is that right?
    Mr. Smith. We understood that as 90 days to identify and 
then solicit for providers. We do believe we could meet that 
with--with enough lead time to, you know, if the enactment--
enactment or effective date for the bill were a little bit in--
in the future.
    Mr. Hamadeh. All right. We all know how important it is to 
make things move quickly, especially for our veterans who are 
looking for jobs. What, what type of message does this send to 
veterans and to industry leaders when the VA moves quickly to 
approve these high-demand jobs? Does that encourage more 
industries and businesses to want to partner with the VA?
    Mr. Smith. I certainly hope so, yes.
    Mr. Hamadeh. Now, the Semiconductor Industry Association 
reports over 500,000 jobs tied to recent investments across 28 
states, including Arizona. From the VA's perspective, why are 
veterans uniquely positioned to fill this workforce need?
    Mr. Smith. We believe that they have the--the right skills 
and you know that the--the propensity to succeed given new 
tasks, and we would look forward to helping them achieve that 
target.
    Mr. Hamadeh. Yes. As a veteran myself, and you know, 
talking to fellow veterans, we know that we are used to long 
hours. I think the biggest challenge has been these foreign 
companies moving into the United States. You know, they work 
their people to death nearly over there, so they are not used 
to the work requirements here in the United States. Veterans, 
we know it takes a lot of work, and they are dedicated, they 
are motivated, they are very disciplined. I think that is a 
huge benefit to the semiconductor and this Artificial 
intelligence (AI) industry that I know we are going to help out 
with.
    Mr. Smith, I appreciate the VA's partnership on this, and 
together we can make sure our veterans are prioritized for 
these high-paying jobs and high-impact careers. Thank you for 
your time.
    I yield back.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you, Mr. Hamadeh.
    Representative McGarvey, you are recognized for 5 minutes.
    Mr. McGarvey. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you for 
having this hearing today. You know, I hear from veterans all 
the time back home, people who are trying to build a stable 
life when they take off the uniform. This is trying to get a 
job. This is finish school. This is buy a home or simply even 
stay housed. Every single one of the bills we are discussing 
today touches one of those foundational pieces.
    What I keep hearing from people, though, is like, keep it 
simple, make the system work the way it is supposed to. 
Basically, veterans should not have to fight all over again 
just to get a wheelchair accessible van. They should not have 
to lose out on a job opportunity because the school will not 
release their transcript. They should not be pushed into 
programs that sound good on paper but do not actually lead to 
real jobs. They should not be fighting again for the things we 
promise to provide for them.
    One thing we do on this committee, and I think we do it 
well, despite everything you see in Washington right now, is we 
have a central mission. That is to keep the promise we made to 
the men and women who put on a uniform, willing to serve us and 
sacrifice everything for our safety and freedom. I am happy to 
see that the legislation that we are talking about today are 
promoting programs that actually work, programs that keep that 
promise.
    Mr. Workman, I want to start with you. First of all, thank 
you for your service. Thank you for the heroism and bravery you 
showed. Because of your actions, a lot of people came home to 
their families, and we are grateful for that. We have heard 
concerns that Veterans Energy Transition, or VET, the VET Act 
sets up another standalone jobs program instead of fixing and 
strengthening programs that already work, like Skillbridge. How 
is DOL going to make sure that this does not turn into just one 
more confusing program that veterans have to navigate when they 
are transitioning out of the military?
    Mr. Workman. Thank you for the question, Congressman. I 
would like to sit down with my counterparts at the DoD and also 
at the VA to ensure that we are doing the right thing by our 
veterans and by those that are leaving the military every year. 
As in my testimony that was submitted, you know, there are some 
concerns from the Department of Labor with this bill, and I 
would look forward to working with your office to try to find a 
way forward with this bill so we can get more veterans employed 
and gainful employment, gainful jobs where they can wake up in 
the morning, feel that sense of pride, and feel good about 
taking care of their families.
    Mr. McGarvey. Thank you. No, we look forward to working 
with you on that. You know, look, on this committee, sometimes 
we might not always agree about the way to get there. I do not 
think we disagree on the mission and the goal. Look forward to 
working with you on that because, you know, again, this is just 
something. Go to the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United 
States (VFW) in Louisville and talk to people, just walk 
around, talk to some of our veterans. They want a straight path 
to a good job. Right? Not some of the more bureaucracy things 
they have to fight to do to get things that do not actually 
work. They do not want just another incentive for companies. 
When you are, I know you are new at DOL, but while you are 
there, you know, how--how can you guys make sure that this 
grant money from the VET Act actually leads to real training 
and credentials, long-term employment, instead of just giving 
out sort of hiring bonuses to businesses?
    Mr. Workman. Thank you for the question, Congressman. Like 
I said in my submitted testimony, I think there are some issues 
with the bill that need to be addressed before we can find a 
way forward. I definitely look forward to working with you and 
the rest of the members of this committee to find a way forward 
because I agree our veterans deserve the best, and we need to 
do what we can to ensure that they are set up for success once 
they take the uniform off.
    Mr. McGarvey. Yes. Appreciate that commitment and 
definitely want to work with you on it because this is 
something, you know, we do not want it to get lost. We want 
this to be just another hearing where there is--there is, you 
know, again, reassurances or things said or things, oh, we will 
get back to like, no, let us actually make sure these programs 
are working for our veterans.
    Mr. Smith, I will switch to you about transcript 
withholding. There is a real risk that veterans in my district 
in Louisville and places all over the country could lose job 
offers because their school may not release their transcript 
over disputed debt. My first question to you is a simple yes or 
no. Do you agree that veterans who are using the GI Bill should 
never be blocked from getting their own academic record?
    Mr. Smith. Unfortunately, I have to defer to the Department 
of Education on that. It is their policy.
    Mr. McGarvey. Okay, well, I can go ahead and state my 
opinion on that. We should never have a veteran blocked from 
getting their own academic record, particularly when they are 
on the GI Bill. Again, a benefit not given to them, a benefit 
they earned through their service, and would love your help in 
making sure we can get that happen even with the Department of 
Education.
    The VET-TEC program has had some mixed results with job 
placement dropping below 50 percent in some years. If we expand 
on VET-TEC to focus more on emerging tech fields, what 
protections should VA put in place to make sure that veterans 
are not encouraged to participate in programs that sound good 
but do not lead to jobs after they are over?
    Mr. Smith. Thank you for the question, and that is--that is 
a very interesting area to go to because it really speaks to 
the efficiency and effectiveness of the program. We would be 
happy to sit down with your staff and others to identify some 
protections for that. As of right now, I am not sure that I 
have--I have any great ideas.
    Mr. McGarvey. Well, definitely want to sit down with both 
of you on this. Let us keep this on our radar. Let us make sure 
this is working. We cannot just get caught in more bureaucracy. 
We got to have programs that work for our veterans. Mr. 
Chairman, I yield back.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you. Ms. Ramirez is recognized for 5 
minutes.
    Ms. Ramirez. Thank you, Chairman and Ranking Member Pappas, 
for holding this hearing, and to the witnesses that are here 
with us today.
    One of the many factors this committee has identified as 
critical to a veteran's successful transition that stand out 
for me are medical care and the second is employment. I want to 
start with discussing the importance of medical and mental 
health care post-service.
    As you know, some of you were service members yourself, 
wearing the uniform and serving our Nation, oftentimes veterans 
deal in silence with the pain of PTSD, of depression, of 
substance abuse, and the risk of self-harm. We know it is 
essential that we do everything we can to ensure that no 
veteran has to confront their challenges alone by providing 
them information and the access necessary to medical and mental 
health services.
    I understand there are some pieces of legislation today 
that we are considering that make an attempt to help our 
veterans with that. I have a couple questions. I know a core 
program that assists veterans transition to civilian life is a 
TAP program. Here, veterans take classes to learn all that is 
available to them. We know that veterans often do not retain 
what they learn and can be overwhelmed by the volume of 
information all coming at the same time. I understand that H.R. 
2878 attempts to address the current mental health gaps 
veterans face by adding information to TAPS on mental health.
    The question I have, Mr. Smith, given that DOD has 
expressed it would not provide more time for veterans to attend 
TAP classes, from your perspective, what content, if any, would 
realistically have to be removed to make room for some of the 
new mandates that are coming through H.R. 2878?
    Mr. Smith. I am not sure what should be or what could be 
removed from that program. I realize it is a very full agenda. 
I know VA's benefits and services are one entire day.
    Ms. Ramirez. Yes. Let me ask you a follow-up question. Do 
you have any data that veterans retain or act on information 
delivered in already overstuffed formats months before 
separation? If so, what does the data show you?
    Mr. Smith. I do not have any information about retention of 
information, which is why VA law in 2019 launched the VA Solid 
Start program, where we have reached out to 115,000 veterans to 
date by telephone, approximately every 90 days post-service 
to--to communicate with them.
    Ms. Ramirez. Well, thank you, Mr. Smith. I know that my 
clock is ticking, so I am going to just shift gears for a 
second, and I want to talk about employment.
    I have a question on the Warriors to Workforce Act. We know 
that employment is critical for a successful transition post-
service, and I am worried that some of the bills discussed 
today do not address the larger issues at hand, including some 
of the scarcity of apprenticeship programs, and that many 
programs are not widely known to our veterans. Given that when 
the GI Bill apprenticeship and on the job training structure 
was created, the core assumption was the employer would pay a 
meaningful share of the veterans income and then VA would then 
supplement it with what--what would be necessary.
    The question that I have is for Mr. Workman. Is that 
assumption still holding today, that the employer would pay a 
meaningful share? Specifically, what data does DOL or VA have 
on how many approved apprenticeship or OJT programs are paying 
veterans wages that are sufficient to offset the declining GI 
Bill housing allowance?
    Mr. Workman. Thank you for the question, Congresswoman. I 
do not have the data in front of me. I am more than willing to 
go back and get that data and provide it to you.
    Ms. Ramirez. It would be really helpful for me because, as 
we are looking at declining housing allowance, I want to make 
sure that, you know, our veterans are not put in a position 
where they are barely making it with whatever we are getting 
offset from the private market.
    Let me ask you just one last follow-up question. I do have 
58 seconds. What happens when the apprenticeship or AGT--or OJT 
programs are not paying sufficient wages? I know you are going 
to get me some data, but in your own perspective or your own 
experience, what do you think happens to them when they are not 
getting sufficient wages?
    Mr. Workman. Thank you for the question. I do not want to 
speak to something that I do not know about. What I can tell 
you is the President has made it clear that he wants a million 
new apprenticeships.
    Ms. Ramirez. Mr. Workman, when you, as you go back, I just 
want to really reiterate, these apprenticeships are incredibly 
important. We also do not want to add more financial stress to 
our service members. We want to make sure that they are getting 
wages necessary to be able to participate in the program, be 
successful. I do look forward to getting this information from 
you. Thank you.
    With that, I yield back.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you. Appreciate it. The witnesses are 
now excused, seeing no further questions. I hope you will all 
stick around for the second panel.
    On our second panel today, we will hear from the following 
witnesses. Yes, if you are on the second panel, please come 
forward, and I will introduce you as you arrive.
    We are doing a quick shift change.
    All right, thank you. Going from my right, your left, we 
have Mr. Sam Cook, president of the Superior Van and Mobility 
company. This is Mr. Larry Smith, a semiconductor industry 
expert. Ms. Julie Howell, associate legislative director for 
Government Relations, testifying on behalf of--on behalf of 
Paralyzed Veterans of America. Ms. Kathryn Monet. Monet or 
Monette (phonetic)? How do I say it? Monet? All right. Chief 
Executive Officer (CEO) of the National Coalition of Homeless 
Veterans (NCHV).
    I would now like to welcome the witnesses to our second 
panel, and I ask you to please stand and raise your right hand.
    [Witnesses sworn.]
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you. Let the record reflect that all 
witnesses have answered in the affirmative. Mr. Cook, you are 
now recognized for 5 minutes to deliver your testimony.

                     STATEMENT OF SAM COOK

    Mr. Cook. On behalf of Superior Van & Mobility and National 
Mobility Equipment Dealers Association, known as NMEDA, I would 
like to thank Chairman Barrett, Chairman Van Orden, whose 
family is in our prayers, Ranking Member Pappas, and all the 
members of the House Veterans Subcommittee on Economic 
Opportunity for the chance to testify today.
    My name is Sam Cook. I am the president of Superior Van and 
Mobility, the Nation's largest family owned adapted vehicle 
dealer based in Louisville, Kentucky. My family owns and 
operates 18 dealer locations across the South and Midwest. For 
over 25 years, we have served disabled veterans through the 
Automotive Adaptive Equipment Program, which provides disabled 
veterans with accessible vehicles. NMEDA members across the 
country are driven by one noble principle: to provide mobility 
to disabled veterans who have given so much to our country.
    Further, I would like to clarify that my testimony and 
support for changes to the AAE is in no way an indictment on 
the many hard-working, frontline employees of the VA who serve 
our veterans every day. Our issue is with the system itself. 
The old joke is you have been to one VA location, then you have 
been to one VA location.
    Unfortunately, this is not my first time testifying before 
Congress about VA shortcomings. I testified in 2015, along with 
many others, about the VA policy relating to the quality of 
modifications made to vehicles to accommodate each veteran's 
disability. That effort resulted in the passage of the Veterans 
Mobility Safety Act, a bill signed into law in 2016, intended 
to ensure the modifications made for veterans were properly 
performed and appropriate for their disability. Sadly, and for 
unexplained reasons, the law still has not been implemented due 
to the VA not issuing the mandated interpretive regulations.
    Consistent with this theme, VA payment policy can vary 
dramatically from location to location, despite the existence 
of the Prompt Payment Act, which requires Federal agencies, 
including the VA, to pay their contractors usually within 30 
days. At the end of 2025, my company alone had over $2.11 
million in past due invoices. This makes it difficult for 
businesses to serve disabled veterans in our country, as they 
are essentially being asked to be a subprime lender to the VA. 
There are good, credible dealers who have or are considering 
ceasing to do business with the VA altogether due to the 
payment issues. Without proper standards, this will likely 
cause veterans to travel hundreds of miles for service.
    In addition to the uncertainty is when you might get paid, 
another change the VA made that has drastically affected the 
amount the VA reimburses dealers for adaptive equipment. As a 
taxpayer, I want the government to get the best price possible. 
That being said, the price the government pays should be based 
on current market conditions and data. The VA's own regulations 
instructed it to establish a fee schedule on July 17, 2024, 
based on the most recent data to update it annually. Despite 
this requirement, the schedule was created using not the most 
available data. The published schedule was based on prices from 
2021. We all know that costs are considerably higher now than 
they were in 2021.
    Further, at this time, the VA published its schedule, and 
NMEDA's 2024 survey was available then. That will be updated 
every year moving forward. Absent congressional intervention, 
industry has no confidence the schedule will be brought in line 
with current pricing. The failure to follow very clear direct 
regulations regarding publishing a current payment schedule 
identified ongoing challenges with vendors and getting paid on 
time. Now a decade-long wait for professional standards for 
modification of vehicles suggests the VA feels it is 
unrestricted discretion and interpretation of application of 
the law, making it extremely difficult to serve our veterans.
    One piece of the solution is the bipartisan Automotive 
Support Services to Improve Safe Transportation (ASSIST) Act 
sponsored by Congressman Barrett, which passed the House 
unanimously last year. I, as well as NMEDA, believe that the 
CRUISE Act, recently introduced by Chairman Barrett, is another 
important part of the solution. I and NMEDA support Chairman 
Barrett's CRUISE Act. The CRUISE Act will centralize the 
process for reimbursing dealers in the department's central 
office and require the VA to accurately track payments for 
dealers that are more than 90 days overdue. I hope the CRUISE 
Act is passed and properly implemented. Many of these issues 
facing the mobility equipment dealers and disabled veterans 
will be resolved.
    I would like to thank the committee for listening today and 
thank each of you for serving our country.

    [The Prepared Statement Of Sam Cook Appears In The 
Appendix]

    Mr. Barrett. Thank you, Mr. Cook. The written statement of 
Mr. Cook will be entered into the record.
    Mr. Smith, welcome to Washington. You are now recognized 
for 5 minutes to deliver your testimony.

                    STATEMENT OF LARRY SMITH

    Mr. Smith. Thank you, Chairman Barrett, and Ranking Member 
Pappas, and distinguished subcommittee members, for this 
opportunity. As a veteran committed to helping others enter the 
semiconductor industry, I believe these proposals will better 
connect veterans to rewarding careers.
    My name is Larry Smith. After a decade in the Army, 
including time on active duty and in the reserves, after 
graduating from West Point, I worked 35 years in the 
semiconductor industry, serving as president and chairman of 
the board of Tokyo Electron U.S. for 14 years. Now retired, I 
have pivoted to purpose, focused on hiring and housing 
veterans, and serve as vice chair of the Governor's Executive 
Committee for the Texas Semiconductor Innovation Consortium and 
chairman of the Board of Mobile Loaves and Fishes.
    More than 10 years ago, I chose to recruit field engineers 
from three groups, including veterans. During this period, I 
was lucky enough to collaborate with my close friend Paul Funk, 
who later became a four-star General and led TRADOC, or 
Training and Doctorate Command. Paul and I began our military 
careers as young lieutenants together at Fort Hood, and our 
friendship has lasted ever since. He helped me and my team 
connect with key leaders at the Transition Assistance Program 
and take part in job fairs.
    After years of recruiting veterans, I saw that our 
industry, spanning thousands of companies, could reach far more 
people than we had so far. I proposed recruiting veterans as a 
talent pipeline to SEMI's CEO and presented this idea as a 
keynote speaker at two major trade shows attended by over 
35,000 people this last year. My talks addressed why and how to 
recruit veterans into the semiconductor industry, highlighting 
their valuable attributes and technical skills.
    As mentioned already, the semiconductor industry released a 
report, updated in December 2025, detailing both ongoing and 
anticipated investments in the semiconductor manufacturing 
facilities. These initiatives are projected to create and 
support over 500,000 jobs, including 70,000 facility positions 
and 122,000 construction roles. This projected growth is 
anticipated to create significant demand for technicians, 
rendering these positions well-suited for transitioning service 
members who are seeking impactful careers that support National 
security.
    Currently, semiconductors are integral to geopolitical 
competition and underpin advancements in artificial 
intelligence, quantum computing, space exploration, and defense 
technologies. Collaborative job training programs and efforts 
to expand the pool of Science, Technology, Engineering, and 
Mathematics (STEM) educators can address the talent shortage, 
with veterans serving as an excellent resource to meet this 
demand.
    Let me share some details on a project in Killeen, Texas, 
that can be a model to consider.
    The Military Talent Pipeline near Fort Hood helps service 
members and their spouses transition to jobs and fields like 
semiconductor technology and design, STEM education, 
cybersecurity, data analytics, and law enforcement. It is 
funded by Federal, State, industry, and local partners, with 
the Clean Economic Development Corporation donating a 25,000-
square-foot facility. The project also received a $2.5 million 
Federal grant for renovating that donated building.
    Additional support for projects includes workforce 
development funds from the Texas CHIPS Act, upcoming 
appropriations pending Senate review, a $2 million fab tool 
donation from Tokyo Electron, and a $2 million allocation from 
the Texas legislature. Collaborate partners include Texas 
University System and local community colleges. Texas A&M, 
Central Texas, led by Dr. Richard Rhodes, donated $2 million to 
Temple College to help establish the semiconductor lab near the 
Samsung site. Project leaders are creating the playbook and 
sharing it with other U.S. regions, to include Arizona and New 
York.
    Additionally, I am proud of our team's work at Tokyo 
Electron U.S. Our goal is to be a trusted global partner 
providing technology that enables life. We have invested 
billions of dollars in U.S. semiconductor manufacturing and 
research and development. We participate in the Partnership for 
Your Success (PAYS) program and earned several military-
friendly awards from the DOL and DOW. To include, today I saw a 
posting on LinkedIn that we were recognized again with both a 
platinum and gold level recognition. As a member of SEMI Works, 
this team has reached over 150,000 military members through 
outreach over the last 3 years and in a CHIP career site list 
job opportunities to the thousand SEMI members and supports 
military personnel with resources, tools, and career coaching.
    Thank you for the opportunity to testify on behalf of these 
initiatives before the subcommittee today. I am happy to answer 
your questions.

    [The Prepared Statement Of Larry Smith Appears In The 
Appendix]

    Mr. Barrett. Thank you, Mr. Smith, and Go Army. The written 
statement of Mr. Smith will be entered into the hearing record.
    Ms. Howell, you are now recognized for 5 minutes to deliver 
your testimony.

                   STATEMENT OF JULIE HOWELL

    Ms. Howell. Chairman Barrett, Ranking Member Pappas, and 
members of the subcommittee, Paralyzed Veterans of America 
(PVA) appreciates the opportunity to share our views on some of 
the legislation before the subcommittee today. PVA members are 
veterans who have incurred a spinal cord injury or disorder, 
and they experience the breadth of VA care and benefits in 
unique ways due to their injuries and their illnesses. Most of 
the legislation has been addressed in our written testimony, so 
I will limit my comments to three bills that we believe would 
have a positive impact on our membership.
    Just like every American, access to safe and reliable 
transportation is essential to the mobility, health, and 
independence of catastrophically disabled veterans. Thus, 
addressing transportation concerns is a top priority for PVA, 
and we have been honored to work with this committee to pass 
several bills in recent years to improve access to adapted 
vehicles. The Automobile Adaptive Equipment, or AAE, program 
prescribes and pays for adaptive equipment which allows 
eligible veterans to safely operate and enter or exit their 
vehicles. Most adaptations are done by dealers outside of the 
VA, and the work is reimbursed by payment processors at the 
local VA medical center.
    Unfortunately, we often hear from PVA members as well as 
industry professionals that millions of dollars in unpaid 
reimbursements remain outstanding. H.R. 7083, the CRUISE Act, 
seeks to address this problem by changing the way VA reimburses 
businesses that make the necessary modifications to the 
vehicles that veterans need. The bill requires the VA to 
implement a process to track invoices and issue payments in a 
timely manner. If the latter takes more than 30 days, the 
department must notify the business of delays and provide them 
with an anticipated date of payment. While PVA supports the 
intent of this legislation, we are concerned that without 
careful oversight, an already difficult reimbursement process 
could become even more complicated. Disabled veterans have 
earned these benefits, and it is the obligation of the VA and 
Congress to ensure their delivery, which includes paying 
vendors that partner in achieving veteran independence.
    Next, I would like to discuss H.R. 982, the Warriors to 
Workforce Act. While PVA supports the intent of increasing the 
monthly housing allowance rate for veterans using their Post-9/
11 GI Bill for apprenticeships, we do not think that the bill 
goes far enough in supporting veterans deciding on non-
traditional education paths like apprenticeships or other on-
the-job training programs. If Congress increases the second 6 
months of an apprenticeship program from 80 percent to 90 
percent, that would mean that for veterans in a 2 year 
apprenticeship, the first 6 months of the second year of their 
program would see a drop from 90 percent to 60 percent of a 
veteran's MAH payment. That would most likely result in 
increased numbers of veterans choosing to discontinue this 
apprenticeship. With the increasing need for skilled trades and 
other non-degree holding professionals, and the significant 
barriers to employment that still exist for veterans with 
serious disabilities, we should ensure that any veteran who 
decides to enter the trades is fully supported by their earned 
education benefits.
    Last, I would like to briefly mention H.R. 2878, the Daniel 
J. Harvey Jr. and Adam Lambert Improving Service Member 
Transition to Reduce Veteran Suicide Act. Ensuring 
transitioning service members and veterans are aware of 
services and supports offered by the VA is critical in the 
health and well-being of our Nation's veterans, and we should 
do everything we can to improve awareness of these life-saving 
supports and services.
    I want to remind the subcommittee that not all 
transitioning service members get the traditional TAP 
experience. Those who separate due to illness or injury may not 
get to attend a TAP class due to medical appointments and other 
requirements. The Department of Defense and the VA should do 
everything possible to ensure that all service members and 
veterans know about the mental health support and suicide 
prevention programs made available to them.
    Mr. Chairman, if I may, I would like to take the last few 
minutes of my testimony to share a profound lost experience at 
Paralyzed Veterans of America. Last week, Len Selfon 
unexpectedly passed away. Len was PVA's general counsel, and he 
worked for more than 30 years in veterans law. Not only did Len 
work for PVA, the United Spinal Association, the Vietnam 
Veterans of America, but he also served as a consultant to the 
Veterans Consortium Pro Bono Program and was a senior appellate 
attorney in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Office of 
General Counsel. Len's professionalism, wisdom, and experience 
with nuances in veteran case law will be missed by more than 
just PVA members.
    Thank you again for the opportunity to share our views on 
some of the bills being considered today, and I would be happy 
to answer any of your questions.

    [The Prepared Statement Of Julie Howell Appears In The 
Appendix]

    Mr. Barrett. Thank you. Thank you for that tribute, and our 
condolences to the entire organization on that loss and the 
loss of our veteran community as well. Thank you. Your 
testimony will be entered into the record as well.
    Ms. Monet, you are now recognized for 5 minutes.

                   STATEMENT OF KATHRYN MONET

    Ms. Monet. Chairman Barrett, Ranking Member Pappas, and 
distinguished members of the committee, thank you for the 
opportunity to offer views on legislation before you. While 
there are several great bills today, we are providing 
statements on behalf of legislation that would directly affect 
efforts to prevent and or end homelessness among veterans and 
their families.
    NCHV supports H.R. 7149, the Veteran Housing Promise Act, 
which amends Title 38 to eliminate maximum authorizations of 
appropriations and make permanent the authority for several 
programs supporting homeless veterans. For decades, VA----
    Mr. Barrett. Can you move your microphone a little closer? 
I am having a hard time hearing you.
    Ms. Monet. Yes. Is this better?
    Mr. Barrett. I think so.
    Ms. Monet. Okay, great.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you.
    Ms. Monet. For decades, VA's homelessness programs have 
been instrumental in reducing veteran homelessness. These 
efforts provide essential services such as outreach, housing 
assistance, employment reintegration, and supportive services 
for vulnerable populations, including women veterans and those 
with children. Yet the current patchwork of time-limited 
authorizations and funding caps pros polluted poses significant 
challenges for program continuity, planning, and the ability of 
community providers to sustain the life-changing services 
veterans rely on.
    By removing funding caps and time-limited authorizations, 
this legislation provides long-term stability and 
predictability for these proven programs. Such stability allows 
both VA and community based partners to better coordinate care, 
invest in workforce development and ensure that no veteran who 
has served our Nation has to face homelessness or housing 
insecurity due to administrative challenges.
    Key provisions of this bill, such as the permanent 
authority for the Domiciliary Care and Supportive Services for 
Very Low-Income Veteran Families program, and long-term 
authorization for grants benefiting homeless veterans with 
special needs, will strengthen the Federal response and allow 
for continued progress toward the shared goal of ending veteran 
homelessness.
    NCHV supports H.R. 7049, the Improving Mental Health Care 
and Coordination for Homeless Veterans Act. It seeks to address 
deficiencies in the referral process to homeless programs for 
veterans with positive screenings for housing instability in 
other clinical settings. VHA's homeless clinical screening tool 
is an important way that clinicians are able to identify 
veterans facing housing challenges, especially those who may 
not know help is available or those who may not want to 
disclose their housing status due to stigma or other issues.
    However, last month, the VA Office of Inspector General 
(OIG) found that in many instances, unclear referral procedures 
and staff inconsistency in following them resulted in veterans 
screening positive but never receiving the housing referrals 
they requested or not receiving them within the prescriptive 
30-day timeline. It is unacceptable that bureaucratic 
processes, or the lack thereof, prevented veterans from 
accessing housing support and NCHV. Thanks, Representative 
Valadao and the bill's co-sponsors, for moving quickly to 
address this issue.
    The focus on timely assessment and intake planning will 
help VA house more veterans. Further, we appreciate the bill's 
focus on ensuring VA identifies appropriate permanent housing 
options for veterans quickly, in addition to addressing long-
term health and mental health needs. As the Committee considers 
this provision, we encourage frank discussions with VA to 
ensure that VA medical centers are being allowed to hire 
sufficient staff and backfill vacancies to support these 
processes. Further, as team-based case management becomes more 
common, we encourage discussions around ensuring that the 
homeless program staff has appropriate skill sets to identify 
housing placements and support housing navigation rather than 
the usual clinical skills VA tends to prioritize.
    In conclusion, we commend the committee's leadership for 
advancing policies that recognize homelessness among veterans 
is not just a matter of housing, but of dignity, stability, and 
National responsibility. We stand ready to support 
implementation and continued oversight of all of these 
essential programs. Thank you.

    [The Prepared Statement Of Kathryn Monet Appears In The 
Appendix]

    Mr. Barrett. Thank you, Ms. Monet. The written statement of 
Ms. Monet will be entered into the hearing record. Will now 
proceed to questioning.
    I am going to recognize myself first for 5 minutes.
    Starting with Mr. Cook. Thank you again for being here 
today. Really appreciate your testimony. Can you walk our 
committee through the process for a veteran receiving a vehicle 
for the first time, how that approval works, where you enter 
the process, and then where the payment ultimately gets 
remitted so that we can kind of get an understanding of that?
    Mr. Cook. Sure. There are two programs. The 4502 program 
that was mentioned in the VA's testimony is a--is an auto grant 
that you can get that they get, and it is basically a check. 
The grant is signed by the VA, and you can take it to an 
automobile dealer, you can take it to somebody like us. If you 
do not need a full conversion and you just want to be able to 
get a vehicle that needs hand controls, you want to buy, you 
know, a Ford Expedition, you can go to the Ford dealer, buy 
that. This grant is the $27,000 figure that he referred to. 
Then that is paid to either the dealer or the check comes 
directly to them from the VA. That is--that check--that grant 
is mailed directly to the regional office. You do not have a 
lot of hands touching it. When he said 75 days of that one. 
Yes, because it just--it just goes from here to here.
    Where the 1394 program is, goes through the prosthetics 
department. The veteran goes into the prosthetics department at 
the VA, and they are prescribed a wheelchair. Then they were 
determined that they need a van to be able to transport back 
and forth either or to drive. There is a prescription written. 
It comes to the dealer, and the dealer basically fills the 
prescription from there on what the requirements are that that 
person needs, what the veteran is. Every veteran is different. 
Some drive, some do not drive, some need specialty steering, 
and whatever those things are. Then once the work is complete, 
the vehicle goes to the VA for inspection, either virtually or 
in person. The VA checks and says, yes, all of these are on 
there. We submit the paperwork to the prosthetics department. 
Prosthetics department then signs off and sends everything to 
the regional office at the Veterans Benefits Administration 
(VBA).
    That is where things--there is not. Those two departments 
do not talk back and forth. We cannot call one and say we call 
prosthetics, and they say yes, everything's submitted. Then you 
try to figure out, well, is it the regional office that is 
delaying it? The regional office might say, hey, we are missing 
this. You do not get notification to say you are missing us. 
You have to follow up and continue to do so.
    Today, I got an email while I was here. We got paid on a 
claim from 2023. We also got paid on one from 2024 today. 
There, this is not a 75-day issue. It is much greater than 
that.
    Mr. Barrett. Well, hopefully, when you are here testifying 
in 10 more years, it will not be on claims from today. We 
appreciate your repeat performance in committee, but we are 
hoping to fix some of these problems nonetheless.
    If a veteran gets a prescription for a mobility van, 
perhaps their spouse is going to be driving it, but they will 
be riding as a passenger and need a ramp or some other, you 
know, accommodation, or maybe they are going to be driving it 
and need other further accommodations. The veteran would not 
be--it is not designed for them to be paying out of pocket for 
that mobility vehicle, is that correct?
    Mr. Cook. That is correct.
    Mr. Barrett. That 20-some-thousand-dollar stipend is for 
modifications to a trip traditional vehicle, whereas the 
prosthetic assessment is for--you need a specifically designed 
vehicle for this purpose. I think, as you shared with me 
before, some of the cost reimbursements are based on data from 
now going on 5 years ago, and certainly, you know, has not kept 
up with cost of living since then. We are now becoming, to grow 
out of--out of sync with what the actual cost of some of these 
products and devices are. Is that also true?
    Mr. Cook. That is accurate. Right now, the veteran either 
pays out of pocket the difference, or the dealership eats the 
cost of that. You know, you have to make that decision as a--as 
a business owner. You know, it is, to me, it is, you know, the 
reason why the veteran needs this vehicle is for an injury 
sustained during their service to this country. You know, that 
is a promise that the country made to the veteran--
    Mr. Barrett. Yes.
    Mr. Cook [continuing]. and it should be fulfilled.
    Mr. Barrett. Great. Well, thank you. We appreciate that. We 
want to make sure that you are reimbursed and made whole for, 
you know, work that you do and for a fair price.
    Do you believe that H.R. 7083, the CRUISE Act that you 
spoke about, would help adaptive automotive equipment dealers 
like yourself provide better service for veterans and receive 
timely payment that you rely on?
    Mr. Cook. Sure. It definitely would have a central source 
that we could go in a clearinghouse, if you will, to be able to 
know--to know what is going on.
    Mr. Barrett. Yes.
    Mr. Cook. Right now there is so many things that can be 
interpreted different ways and there is so many hands that 
touch it.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you. Appreciate your testimony.
    I now yield to Ranking Member Pappas for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Pappas. Well, thank you very much. Ms. Howell, thanks 
for being with us. I wanted to start with you, and thanks for 
relating the experience and the dedication that your colleagues 
showed to the veteran community and his service. We express our 
condolences to you and your organization on his passing.
    I wanted to ask you a question about H.R. 5436. VA could 
not answer this one, but maybe you can. This is about schools 
withholding student veteran transcripts. I am wondering if you 
think that student veterans should receive the same protections 
against schools withholding transcripts as their peers who 
receive Title IV Department of--Department of Education funds.
    Ms. Howell. Thank you for the question, sir. Thank you for 
the condolences, everybody. PVA fully supports H.R. 5436. We 
believe that passing this bill will provide parity for a post-
9/11 or any student veteran using VA education benefits. It 
will provide them parity with any Title IV student. We often 
see that transcript withholding is used as a means of debt 
collection, and rarely is it successful. We think passing this 
bill will just provide parity to other students. Particularly 
in the event if a student veteran is in some kind of appeal or 
dispute with VA, who has outstanding payments to the school, 
the veteran should not be on the hook for that.
    Mr. Pappas. Thanks for being clear on that response. I am 
wondering, you also touched on this in your testimony, but just 
to pull this out again. You talked about this cliff that 
potentially is going to be created here if Congress raises the 
MHA payment rate to veterans using GI Bill to attend 
apprenticeship to 90 percent for months 7 through 12, that this 
creates a drop off in month 13. I am wondering if you can just 
talk about why that is the case and how this would potentially 
impact veterans.
    Ms. Howell. Yes, sir, absolutely. Thank you again. In the 
one-pager for the bill circulated last Congress, data in the 
one-pager showed that from step, we will say tier, two to three 
for on-the-job training, or OJT program, showed a 56 percent 
dropout rate, and apprenticeship solid 44 percent dropout rate. 
That is without an increased 10 percent loss on their earnings 
that they take home for MHA.
    As we expressed in our written testimony and in our oral 
testimony, we think that there is an opportunity here to go 
even farther understanding the market demands. In light of the 
hearing we had a couple weeks ago about underused appropriate 
apprenticeship and success after service, we think that we can 
thread the needle on this and increase the MHA rate for all 
veterans using on-the-job training or apprenticeship programs 
because there is a demand in the market, there is a high need 
for these very skilled workers.
    I just do not--PVA does not think that that 30 percent drop 
in the payment is going to be any kind of solution. We are 
almost guaranteed to see more people drop. Increased oversight 
of the apprenticeship program might be helpful. We have heard 
anecdotally at least that there is an employer obligation to 
supplement that drop. That is why it tiers off the way it does. 
If employers are not contributing their fair share, then that 
is something that needs to be examined.
    Mr. Pappas. Thank you very much.
    Ms. Monet, H.R. 7049 regarding mental health care and 
coordination for homeless veterans, from your testimony in VA's 
testimony and hearing from current grant recipients, sounds 
like VA employees working within the Homeless--Homelessness 
Program Office are already required to do what is outlined in 
the bill. Should the focus of the legislation be requiring 
other parts of VA or community partners that come into contact 
with a homeless veteran to conduct the reporting and ensure 
that a warm handoff for that veteran is needed--who is needed--
needing resources?
    Ms. Monet. I think anything that we can do to connect 
veterans to resources quickly is a good, a very good thing. 
What I will say is that intake processes do vary by community. 
Some of them have one single door of entry. One of, some of 
them have, you know, no wrong door options. I do think from 
what I understand, the bill was designed to address really this 
low-hanging fruit, right, of veterans coming into VA and 
screening positive for homelessness or homelessness or housing 
instability, but never getting connected to any services. To 
me, I think that is probably the right starting point, and then 
we expand out to other providers and resources from there.
    Mr. Pappas. Well, thank you.
    Mr. Cook, thanks very much for your testimony as well. I 
come from a small business background, and if my business was 
owed $2.1 million from our customers, we would not have been 
opened as long as we have been. I thank you for your 
perseverance. I know that you know it is focused on how you can 
meet the needs of veterans. Frankly, you should not have to put 
up with this. What we do not want to see is for businesses that 
are providing important services for disabled veterans to just 
walk away because of their frustration with VA's processes.
    You talked about this being an issue with the system 
itself. I hope that there is room here for a modern Information 
Technology (IT) system where you can quickly fill out forms, 
have those updated, and track the process of in-progress of 
claims approvals and payments. Is that something that you think 
would help provide some clarity to your business?
    Mr. Cook. You know, it would. There is--but in the CRUISE 
Act, you know, it is, it leaves it, it is open enough where we 
can work within the current system because, you know, an IT 
upgrade is going to take years. Right now, with the CRUISE Act, 
if we can get that, if we will get that passed and implemented, 
that at least will give us a faster way to--to our end goal.
    Mr. Pappas. Well, I appreciate that. We are really 
committed to working on this and finding a solution. Thanks 
very much for your testimony.
    Mr. Cook. Thank you.
    Mr. Pappas. I yield back.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you. The Ranking Member yields.
    Mr. McGarvey, you are recognized for 5 minutes.
    Mr. McGarvey. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you all for 
being here today.
    Mr. Cook, I am going to start with you coming up here from 
Louisville, Kentucky. First of all, we appreciate what you do 
for our veterans, what you do in our community. You had 
mentioned while you are sitting there that today you found out 
that a claim has been paid you submitted in 2023.
    Mr. Cook. Yes, sir.
    Mr. McGarvey. We are going to let the record explicitly 
show it is 2026. It is--it is unbelievable to me, and quite 
frankly, it is completely unacceptable that that has happened. 
That does not just impact you, that goes to the heart of what 
we do here on this committee that impacts our veterans. As Mr. 
Pappas said, when you run a small business and people are not 
paying you for the services you provide, it is hard to stay 
open. When the service you provide is getting our veterans 
where they need to go, that is a real problem. Not only have 
you--it is 2026, and you are talking about payments from 2023. 
It is my understanding the VA is supposed to process and pay 
these claims within 30 days, correct?
    Mr. Cook. That is correct.
    Mr. McGarvey. Okay, 30 days. Again, 2023. 2026. I am not 
the best at math, but it is my understanding that that is more 
than 30 days. Appreciate you being here and sharing these 
stories because we need to hear how this is actually happening 
out there for our veterans and for the people who provide those 
services.
    There are some VA locations that process claims even more 
slowly. You hinted at this as well. There might be some issues 
with invoices. There might be dealers who are not notified. Can 
you talk just a little bit more about what this system looks 
like, maybe even give an example of how these problems hurt our 
veterans or could slow down their access to the mobility 
equipment they need?
    Mr. Cook. Well, it is right now, as I said in my testimony, 
there are dealers that are having to make the decision, is it 
can I afford to do business with the VA? A lot of our veterans 
come from rural areas. Again, if you do not have 
transportation, you know, all of these other things that these 
folks are talking about today with employment, you cannot get 
there if you do not have a vehicle. You know, again, if 
something happens to one of our vehicles today, you know, we 
can hop in an Uber, we can borrow a family member's car. Well, 
if you are a disabled veteran and you have a vehicle customized 
for you, you do not. When it is down, you are down. We have--
the impact is also, you know, of a startup. If you are a smart 
startup, you are trying to get into this industry, and you are 
like, hey, this is great. We can, you know, sell to the VA and 
serve veterans. You have got a brand new business, and you are 
not getting paid. You are not going to be in business very 
long. You know, it affects--it does not just--it affects the 
business side of it, but the whole key is the veteran. If a 
veteran does not have a choice where to go and a veteran does 
not have a close dealer to get their vehicle worked on, then, 
you know, then they are--they are at home.
    Mr. McGarvey. Yes. It is so important you--you bring up a 
point that I think you brought up to me in the airport just a 
few days ago as both of us were flying up here. When veterans 
are getting in these vehicles, getting in these vehicles 
because of their disability or their wheelchair, this is not 
something that just happened randomly. This is connected to 
their service. This is connected to what they did for us. I 
appreciate you being here.
    Ms. Howell, just want to go to you really quickly. Your 
written testimony makes it clear that PVA supports ending 
transcript withholding. Can you tell me how this policy affects 
veterans with disabilities who already face barriers to getting 
hired?
    Ms. Howell. Thank you for the question, sir. This is not my 
area of expertise. As far as the transcripts to justify 
employment. We have heard stories of, not from our membership 
per se, but we have heard stories of veterans who are in a long 
hiring pipeline, and they thought they did the work, and there 
is a small outstanding debt. Next thing you know, the job is 
gone because they cannot get the transcript. Now, I do not want 
to give a pass to people who have legitimate costs that they 
have incurred at a campus. I used to work for a college or a 
university. There is an obligation for veterans to be on the 
ball for some of this stuff. Ultimately, using transcript 
withholding as a means of debt collection is not an effective 
practice. Who knows, maybe the veteran gets a job and then has 
the money to pay an outstanding debt.
    Mr. McGarvey. Seems like it might be a logical next step. 
Your testimony also raised concerns about how many veterans 
drop out of apprenticeship programs, about 44 percent. What 
changes should these programs make to be more accessible and 
sustainable for long-term for veterans with significant 
disabilities?
    Ms. Howell. I feel like that is enough content to probably 
be its own hearing, sir. I do think that continuing to make 
better connections between VA, DOL vets, the industry 
professionals, I think if we lean in on the programs that 
exist, we have an opportunity to sort of be better all around. 
That is not to say necessarily that Transition or SkillBridge 
or any of the existing pipelines that serve a very small number 
of veterans, like they do great work, but in making sure that 
the apprenticeships veterans are connected to are with 
honorable and legitimate employers who are going to hold up 
their end of the bargain. I think that is critical.
    Mr. McGarvey. Thank you. Mr. Chairman I yield back.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you. Appreciate it. Out of a sense of 
urgency, the floor just opened for votes, but I want to 
recognize Ms. Ramirez. I imagine you probably have a couple of 
questions.
    Ms. Ramirez. Just a couple.
    Mr. Barrett. Sure.
    Ms. Ramirez. Try to get through them so we can make it to 
votes as quickly as possible. Thank you again to the witnesses 
for being here. As a former nonprofit executive director that 
served unhoused neighbors, including many veterans, I 
understand that oftentimes the gap between our ability to 
fulfill our mission and the realities on the ground really come 
back to resources.
    For many housing and homeless service providers, timely 
Federal grants are an essential part of the resources layered 
together to meet the needs of our neighbors. I am clear that to 
ensure every veteran has full access to the first full spectrum 
of benefits that they have earned and deserve, we have to 
ensure the programs and services that the VA offers are 
consistently fully funded.
    Just over the past few years, there has been consistent 
investments on veteran homelessness. As a result of that, 
National Point-in-Time Count data shows that not only have we 
made progress in reducing veteran homelessness, but veterans 
are actually the only population who has seen a decline in 
rates of homelessness according to the Point-in-Time Count. 
From the provider perspective, one of the biggest drivers of 
instability is not funding cuts. It is Congress allowing 
authorizations and statutory caps to lapse or fall out of sync 
with appropriations.
    Ms. Monet, can you describe the real world impact of this 
instability on providers and veterans? Can you explain why 
permanent authorization matters?
    Ms. Monet. Yes, absolutely. I think there are a lot of 
factors when you think about community planning and how systems 
work together, and knowing what you have got in your community 
and being able to project out how programs will work together 
to meet the needs of veterans.
    From a provider perspective, I mean, I think you have been 
a nonprofit executive, so we all manage the budget. It is not 
very different than, you know, being a small business. Right? 
When you lose out on that funding, you are thinking about 
making staffing changes, how you are going to reduce services 
to pay the people you have got and pay the bills. You are 
dealing enrollments to make sure that you can manage with what 
you have got, and you are delaying subsidy payments to 
veterans.
    What that looks like in practice for veterans, right, is, 
you know, longer delays to accessing their case management with 
their, you know, local case manager. It might look like 
starting over with a new case manager and a new treatment plan 
from what you had before. It could look like a longer-term time 
outside if your local shelter is not able to admit new 
veterans. If you are on SSVF, that might mean that they are not 
able to pay for your rent anymore. In a normal environment, we 
might look to U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development 
(HUD)-funded programs to help. Right now, the HUD Continuum of 
Care (CoC) program is in a little bit of a precarious position.
    There is not a lot of safety net out there to catch these 
veterans right now. If you are in a community where they are 
criminalizing or looking at finding, signing, ticketing in 
jails as their predominant solution to homelessness, it gets 
even worse.
    Ms. Ramirez. Yes. Thank you, Ms. Monet. Instability.
    Ms. Monet. Absolutely.
    Ms. Ramirez. That is really what it boils down to. It means 
that many of our veterans are either at risk of homelessness or 
unable to move into permanent, affordable housing.
    I want to pivot really quickly in the last 2 minutes I have 
here to talk about the truth of the so-called Affordable 
Housing Guarantee Act. Let me be clear, as a former housing 
provider, as someone that has worked on housing for many years, 
I am supportive of making every investment we need to 
prioritize ending veteran homelessness.
    Unfortunately, I know that it is not the orientation of 
every member of the committee because I have listened to 
colleagues previously discuss drastic cuts to funding for 
programs that are dedicated to our most vulnerable veterans. It 
seems like sometimes Republicans champion socialism when it 
benefits the rich and powerful, who they think deserve it most. 
However, keeping disabled veterans stably housed has to be the 
priority of this committee, especially for those on fixed 
incomes who are one mortgage payment away from a crisis or from 
losing their home. Yet, as written, the Affordable Housing 
Guarantee Act proposes doubling the VA loan guarantee on the 
theory that lenders will lower rates because their risk is 
reduced.
    This question is for you, Ms. Howell. What confidence does 
your organization have that those savings will actually reach 
disabled veterans? The follow up to that is, what protections 
would you need to ensure that this policy strengthens housing 
stability rather than just simply increasing lender profits?
    Ms. Howell. Thank you for that question, ma'am. I am going 
to start by saying I am in no way a mortgage expert. PVA is not 
necessary--we have concerns with this legislation because we do 
not understand how just increasing the amount of the guarantee 
is guaranteed to reduce any kind of rates. I think, rightly or 
wrongly, and I am not trying to throw any accusations here, but 
industry is going to look out for industry.
    Ms. Ramirez. That is right.
    Ms. Howell. Regardless of what it is. Because of that, we 
do not necessarily agree with just raising the guarantee amount 
for the sake of raising it in the hopes that industry might be 
benevolent in that regard.
    Ms. Ramirez. Any protections that you think need to be on 
it in the last 7 seconds, we have?
    Ms. Howell. Honestly, when it comes to the home loan, I am 
not entirely sure I am prepared to say anything around that, 
particularly as we wait to see the partial claim program rolled 
out and see if that was effective.
    Ms. Ramirez. Well, thank you, Ms. Howell. My time is up, 
but I appreciate you. With that, I yield back.
    Mr. Barrett. Thank you. Ms. Ramirez yields.
    With that, thank you to the panelists for being here.
    I know, Mr. Smith, I am not sure if you got a question on 
the panel, but I appreciate you being here nonetheless, and 
your testimony.
    In the interest of expediting our departure to go vote, I 
will yield to the ranking member for any closing remarks you 
have.
    Thank you all again for participating in today's hearing. I 
have received a number of statements for the record, which will 
be submitted into the record as long as they meet submission 
requirements. I ask unanimous consent that all members have 5 
legislative days, revise and extend the remarks, and include 
extraneous material. Without objection, so ordered.
    This hearing is adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 4:11 p.m., the subcommittee was adjourned.]     
=======================================================================

                         A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X

=======================================================================


                    Prepared Statements of Witnesses

                              ----------                              


                  Prepared Statement of Kenneth Smith
[GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT] 

                 Prepared Statement of Jeremiah Workman

    Chairman Van Orden, Ranking Member Pappas, and distinguished 
Members of the Subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity to testify 
at today's legislative hearing. The mission of the Department of Labor 
(DOL or Department), Veterans' Employment and Training Service (VETS), 
is to prepare America's veterans, service members, and military spouses 
for meaningful careers, provide them with employment resources and 
expertise, protect their employment rights, and promote their 
employment opportunities. As a retired Staff Sergeant of the United 
States Marine Corps, combat veteran, Navy Cross recipient and a 
tireless advocate for veterans, I am honored and humbled to serve as 
Assistant Secretary of DOL VETS. While I've only been with VETS for 
less than a month, I'm impressed by their dedication to the VETS 
mission.
    President Donald Trump has demonstrated his unrelenting support for 
our military, veterans, and military spouses, placing a renewed 
national focus on honoring their service and expanding their 
opportunities after they leave the uniform behind. We owe our eternal 
thanks to those who have served our country. Public service has long 
been a part of my family's story. My grandfather served in World War II 
and my father is a U.S. Army veteran. For me, the decision to serve 
came early--I enlisted in the Marine Corps at age 17. On the morning of 
September 11, 2001, I was in a barber shop at Parris Island. A few 
years later, in December 2004, I was deployed with a team of Marines to 
Fallujah, Iraq, as part of Operation Phantom Fury. Our mission was 
going house to house clearing insurgents in one of the fiercest urban 
battles of the Iraq War. During one operation, we engaged more than two 
dozen insurgents fortified inside a safe house. The details of that day 
are well documented, and I won't recount them all here--but I will say 
this: the bravery and sacrifice I witnessed from my fellow Marines on 
that day continues to inspire my life's work.
    Since leaving active duty, I've committed myself to serving 
veterans. Throughout my work in the government and the private sector, 
I've always had the same focus--making sure veterans don't fall through 
the cracks. I've seen how powerful the right support at the right time 
can be. And I've also seen what happens when we fail to deliver. I've 
experienced firsthand both the immense pride of military service and 
the complex challenges of transitioning back into civilian life. I've 
also seen the untapped potential that every veteran carries with them 
after service. That's why I'm committed to the mission of DOL VETS, and 
to working with Congress to continuously improve our programs.

                H.R. 982: The Warriors to Workforce Act

    This bill would amend 38 U.S.C. 3313(g)(3)(B) to increase the 
Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Post-9/11 G.I. Bill Monthly Housing 
Allowance\1\ (MHA) benefits for apprenticeships and on-the-job training 
(OJT) programs from 80 percent to 90 percent during the second 6-month 
period of the program.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ https://www.va.gov/education/benefit-rates/post-9-11-gi-bill-
rates/#monthly housing-allowance
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    As you know, the Post-9/11 G.I. Bill is an education benefit 
program administered by VA. For qualifying individuals, the program 
provides tuition, fees, MHA, and other related benefits. The MHA is 
calculated by VA based off the location of the educational program, and 
locations with a higher cost of living generally have a higher MHA. 
Eligible individuals can utilize their Post-9/11 G.I. Bill benefits for 
apprenticeship and on-the-job training (OJT) programs. This includes 
Registered Apprenticeships, a highly effective pathway to develop in-
demand skills while also earning a paycheck from day one. Registered 
Apprenticeships train workers for careers using a structured 
combination of paid OJT and related instruction. In addition to being 
an effective sector-based strategy, training programs focused on 
skilled trade jobs provide participants with transferable education, 
licenses, certifications, and work experience that are valuable across 
many in-demand job sectors. Extensive evidence from ``gold standard'' 
randomized evaluations has shown that sector-focused training programs 
designed to prepare workers for industries with strong employer demand 
can lead to substantial and long-lasting earnings gains.\2\ Registered 
Apprenticeships also help employers attract and retain veterans, in 
part because some may offer a structured training environment similar 
to their military experience.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\ Katz, Lawrence F., Roth, Jonathan, Hendra, Richard, and 
Schaberg, Kelsey (April 2022). Why Do Sectoral Employment Programs 
Work? Lessons from WorkAdvance. Journal of Labor Economics (40, S1). 
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/717932
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Post-9/11 G.I. Bill MHA benefits do not decrease over time for 
participants who attend an institution of higher learning (i.e., 
colleges and universities) and certain other non-college degree 
programs. But under current law, the MHA for apprenticeship and OJT 
programs decreases every 6 months. Participants earn 100 percent of 
their MHA for the first 6 months of training, 80 percent during the 
second 6 months, 60 percent for the third 6 months, 40 percent for the 
fourth 6 months, and 20 percent during the rest of the training period. 
Less than 0.5 percent of G.I. Bill participants utilize their benefits 
for apprenticeships and OJT, including just 0.31 percent (1,784 out of 
573,732) in Fiscal Year (FY) 2024.\3\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\ https://www.benefits.va.gov/REPORTS/abr/docs/2024-education.pdf
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    In April 2025, President Trump signed an Executive Order on 
Preparing Americans for High-Paying Skilled Trade Jobs of the 
Future,\4\ which established that it is the policy of the United States 
to optimize and target Federal investments in workforce development to 
align with our country's reindustrialization needs and equip American 
workers to fill the growing demand for skilled trades and other 
occupations. In the Executive Order, the President set the goal of at 
least one million new active apprentices nationwide. This goal is 
closely aligned with current labor market demand. Skilled trade jobs 
are facing a significant labor shortage, leading to increased demand 
for qualified workers. In alignment with the President's priorities and 
the growing demand for highly skilled trade jobs, it is my hope that we 
can continue to expand veteran participation in Registered 
Apprenticeship programs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \4\ Executive Order 14278: https://www.Federalregister.gov/
documents/2025/04/28/2025-07369/preparing-americans-for-high-paying-
skilled-trade-jobs-of-the-future

    DOL supports this bill.

  H.R. XXXX: To amend title 38, United States Code, to eliminate the 
   maximum authorizations of appropriations for certain benefits for 
homeless veterans administered by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs and 
 to make permanent the authority of the Secretary to carry out certain 
                    programs for homeless veterans.

    This bill would, among other provisions, amend Title 38 of the U.S. 
Code\5\ to eliminate the maximum authorizations of appropriations for 
the DOL VETS-administered Homeless Veterans' Reintegration Program 
(HVRP) and related grants.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\ Section 2(c) of the bill is premised on the authorization of 
appropriations at 38 U.S.C. 2021A(f) running through 2025. This 
authorization was, however, extended from 2025 to 2026 in the most 
recent Continuing Resolution. See Pub. L. No. 119-37, Sec.  7301, 139 
Stat. 495, 650 (2025). We recommend revising section 2(c) of the bill 
to account for this latest statutory amendment.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    HVRP is the only Federal grant to focus exclusively on competitive 
employment for veterans experiencing or at risk of homelessness, so 
that they can reach their full employment potential and obtain high-
paying careers. In Program Year (PY) 2024, HVRP awarded more than $61 
million to 161 grantees, and served 15,888 veterans across the country. 
Participants had median second quarter after exit earnings of $8,710, 
and average hourly wages at job placement increased to $19.49, up from 
$19.44 the previous year. Each HVRP participant receives customized 
employment and training services to address their specific barriers to 
employment. Services may include occupational, classroom, and on-the-
job training, as well as job search and placement assistance and post-
placement follow-up services.
    The Department strongly supports HVRP and shares Congress' 
commitment to improving outcomes for veterans experiencing 
homelessness. However, the Department has concerns with provisions in 
this bill that would eliminate maximum authorizations of appropriations 
in favor of ``such sums as may be necessary.'' Removing these statutory 
guardrails would reduce fiscal discipline and undermine effective 
program oversight. The Department is prepared to work with the 
Committee on amendments that preserve Congress' intent while 
maintaining reasonable authorization levels and accountability measures 
so HVRP can continue delivering strong results for veterans and 
taxpayers. DOL VETS-funded staff in American Job Centers will continue 
to help HVRP grant recipients achieve job placement and retention goals 
by providing workforce system resources that support case management, 
direct employer contact, job development, and follow-up services.

    DOL supports this bill if amended.

                   H.R. 4105: The ``VET Act of 2025''

    This bill would establish a new $60 million per year grant program 
administered by DOL to assist members of the Armed Forces who are 
transitioning to civilian employment, veterans, and their spouses to 
obtain employment in the energy industry. Grants would be provided to 
entities whose primary function is the generation, transmission, 
storage, or distribution of energy, and the manufacture or distribution 
of equipment and components critical to the energy industry. Grant 
funds could be used for recruitment, training, education, licensure, 
certification, orientation, administrative, and relocation costs. Each 
grantee could be awarded no more than $10,000 per covered individual 
and no more than $500,000 total in any fiscal year. DOL would be 
required to coordinate with VA and the Department of War (DoW) to avoid 
duplication with existing programs for transitioning service members, 
including the Transition Assistance Program (TAP), SkillBridge, and 
Solid Start. The bill also requires consultation with the Transition 
Executive Committee and submission of an initial and final coordination 
plan, an annual coordination report, and DOL's evaluation of and 
recommendations for the program created by this bill.
    DOL VETS shares the Committee's commitment to helping transitioning 
service members, veterans, and military spouses connect to jobs in the 
energy sector. However, the Department has significant concerns with 
the approach in this bill, which would establish a new, industry-
specific grant program that directly subsidizes employers for these 
costs. This model is uncommon in Federal workforce programs, which 
generally invest in education providers, the public workforce system, 
and/or State and local governments. Directly making payments to 
businesses for their recruitment, training, and related costs in the 
way that the bill mandates may lead to several unintended consequences. 
For example, employers may fire some of their current employees to make 
room for new employees who qualify for the $10,000 per person 
reimbursement, and potentially cycle through new employees every year, 
harming retention. Employers could also recruit employees for low-skill 
positions with low wages which are still technically employed within 
the energy industries identified in the bill and still be reimbursed 
$10,000 per qualifying employee. In addition, the bill's annual 
reporting framework may limit the Department's ability to provide more 
frequent technical assistance and monitor performance to ensure funds 
support high-quality training and strong employment outcomes, including 
wages and credential attainment.
    More broadly, creating a new industry-and population-specific grant 
program runs counter to the Administration's emphasis on consolidating 
workforce development programs at DOL, as laid out in ``America's 
Talent Strategy: Building the Workforce for the Golden Age,'' rather 
than expanding the footprint though new categorical initiatives. 
Streamlining these programs reduces administrative overhead and 
compliance burden for grantees and partners, limits duplicative Federal 
bureaucracy, and helps ensure a greater share of Federal resources is 
directed to direct services and measurable outcomes for veterans.
    Some businesses, especially small businesses, may lack the capacity 
or expertise needed to apply for and manage Federal grants. In 
contrast, State and local workforce development boards\6\ are business-
led organizations designed to manage Federal education and training 
grants and connect employers to job seekers in their communities 
through the administration of approximately 2,300 American Job Centers 
across the country. These one-stop locations offer a broad range of 
career and supportive services to the public, such as employment 
services, job training programs (including Registered Apprenticeships), 
unemployment compensation, and referrals to other programs. Veterans 
receive priority of service for all workforce training programs funded 
in whole or in part by DOL, as established by the Jobs for Veterans Act 
of 2002 (38 U.S.C. Sec.  4215), ensuring that they are always at the 
front of the line for these resources.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\ Established under the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act 
(WIOA) Sections 101 and 107.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    DOL VETS also administers the Jobs for Veterans State Grants (JVSG) 
program, which provides funding for dedicated staff who work in the 
American Job Centers to provide individualized career and training-
related services to eligible veterans and other eligible persons, and 
to assist employers to fill their workforce needs with job-seeking 
veterans. JVSG staff also partner with TAP, and transitioning service 
members who need such assistance receive ``warm handover'' person-to-
person connections to American Job Centers. JVSG and other American Job 
Center staff would therefore be well situated to assist energy 
employers with recruiting and training veterans and other eligible 
employees.
    The Department looks forward to working with the Committee on 
alternative approaches that advance these shared goals by leveraging 
existing workforce and veterans' employment programs and strengthening 
connections between employers and veterans through the proven American 
Job Center network.

                               Conclusion

    I appreciate the opportunity to speak before you today and welcome 
any questions you may have. Thank you for your continued support of 
veterans and the many programs to support them through the Department 
of Labor.

                     Prepared Statement of Sam Cook
[GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                   Prepared Statement of Larry Smith

    Thank you, Chairman Van Orden, Ranking Member Pappas, and 
Subcommittee members for this opportunity. As a veteran committed to 
helping others enter the semiconductor industry, I believe these 
proposals will better connect veterans to rewarding careers.
    My name is Larry Smith. After a decade in the Army, including time 
on active duty and in the reserves after graduating from West Point, I 
worked 35 years in the semiconductor industry, serving as President and 
Chairman of Tokyo Electron US for 14 years. Now retired, I have 
``pivoted to purpose'' focused on hiring and housing veterans and serve 
as Vice Chair of the Governor's Executive Committee for the Texas 
Semiconductor Innovation Consortium and Chairman of the Board of Mobile 
Loaves and Fishes. I have also been on SEMI's North American Advisory 
Board.
    More than 10 years ago, I chose to recruit field engineers from 
three groups, including veterans. During this period, I was lucky 
enough to collaborate with my close friend Paul E. Funk II, who later 
became a four-star General and led the Army's Training and Doctrine 
Command (TRADOC). Paul and I began our military careers as young 
lieutenants together at Fort Hood, and our friendship has lasted ever 
since. He helped me and my team connect with key leaders at the 
Transition Assistance Program (TAPS) and take part in job fairs.
    After years of recruiting veterans, I saw that our industry--
spanning thousands of companies--could reach far more people than we 
had so far. I proposed recruiting veterans as a talent pipeline to 
SEMI's CEO and presented this idea as a keynote speaker at two major 
trade shows attended by over 35,000 people last year. My talks 
addressed why and how to recruit veterans into the semiconductor 
industry, highlighting their valuable attributes and technical skills.
    The Semiconductor Industry Association released an updated report 
in December 2025 detailing both ongoing and anticipated investments in 
semiconductor manufacturing facilities. Since 2020, the semiconductor 
sector has announced more than 140 projects across 28 states, 
representing over $600 billion in private investment. These initiatives 
are projected to create and support over 500,000 U.S. jobs, including 
70,000 facility positions, and 122,000 construction roles. This 
projected growth is anticipated to create significant demand for 
technicians, rendering these positions well-suited for transitioning 
service members who are seeking impactful careers that support national 
security. Currently, semiconductors are integral to geopolitical 
competition and underpin advancements in artificial intelligence, 
quantum computing, space exploration, and defense technologies. 
Collaborative job training programs and efforts to expand the pool of 
STEM educators can address the talent shortage, with veterans serving 
as an excellent resource to meet this demand.
    Let me share some details on a project in Killeen TX that can be a 
model to consider.
    The Military Talent Pipeline, near Fort Hood, helps service members 
and their spouses transition to jobs in fields like semiconductor 
technology and design, STEM education, cybersecurity, data analytics, 
and law enforcement. It is funded by Federal (HUD), State, industry, 
and local partners, with the Killeen Economic Development Corporation 
donating a 25,000-square-foot facility. The project also received a 
$2.5 million Federal grant for renovating the donated building.
    Additional support for the project includes workforce development 
funds from the TEXAS CHIPS ACT, upcoming appropriations, pending Senate 
review, a $2 million fab tool donation from Tokyo Electron, and a $2 
million allocation from the Texas legislature. Collaborative partners 
include the Texas University System and local community colleges. Texas 
A&M Central Texas, led by Dr Richard Rhodes, donated $2 million to 
Temple College to help establish a semiconductor lab near the new 
Samsung site. Project leaders are creating the playbook and sharing it 
with other U.S. regions, including Arizona and New York.
    Additionally, I'm proud of our team's work at Tokyo Electron US. 
Our goal is to be a trusted global partner providing technology that 
enables life. We've invested billions in US semiconductor manufacturing 
and R&D, participate in PAYS, and have earned several military-friendly 
awards from the DOL and DoW. As a member of SEMI VETWORKS, this team 
helped reach over 150,000 military members through outreach over the 
last 3 years. The ChipPath Career Site lists job opportunities from 
1,000+ SEMI members and supports military personnel with resources, 
tools, and career coaching.
    Thank you for the opportunity to testify on behalf of the 
initiatives before this subcommittee today. (H.R. 4015 and Discussion 
Draft: Improving Emerging Tech Opportunities for Veterans Act). I am 
happy to answer your questions.

                   Prepared Statement of Julie Howell

    Chairman Van Orden, Ranking Member Pappas, and members of the 
subcommittee, Paralyzed Veterans of America (PVA) appreciates the 
opportunity to share our views on some of the legislation before the 
subcommittee today. PVA members - veterans who have incurred a spinal 
cord injury or disorder (SCI/D), experience the breadth of VA care and 
benefits in unique ways due to their injuries and illnesses. We welcome 
the chance to show how some of this legislation may impact our members.

H.R. 982, the Warriors to Workforce Act

    The Warriors to Workforce Act would amend 38 U.S.C. Sec.  
3313(g)(3)(B) by increasing the monthly housing allowance (MHA) for 
full-time apprenticeships and other on the job training (OJT) programs 
for student veterans using their Post-9/11 GI Bill.
    Currently, when a veteran is using their Post-9/11 GI Bill for an 
apprenticeship, they are paid 100 percent of the MHA rate for the first 
6 months of their program. The second 6 months is paid out at 80 
percent of the full MHA rate for the locality. During the first 6 
months of the second year of their apprenticeship a veteran receives 60 
percent of the MHA rate and the last 6 months of a 2-year program is 
paid out at 40 percent of the MHA rate.
    The Warriors to Workforce Act would increase the amount of MHA paid 
to a veteran from 80 percent to 90 percent during the second half of 
their first year of an apprenticeship. PVA has no objections to the 
increase; however, the drop from 90 percent to 60 percent in the first 
6 months of the second year of a program will be an even bigger 
financial hit on those veterans. Thus, we think the bill could go 
farther.
    OJT program data shared by the committee last year shows high 
dropout rates. Apprenticeships see a 44 percent dropout rate between 
steps two and three, and OJT programs see a 56 percent dropout rate. 
Further, an article published by Urban Wire in 2021 discusses how the 
GI Bill underserves apprenticeships.\1\ Less than 1 percent of GI Bill 
recipients use their educational benefit for apprenticeships or OJT 
programs, and we believe the VA should do more to raise awareness of 
the non-traditional education paths available through the Post-9/11 GI 
Bill.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ The Post-9/11 GI Bill Underserves Apprentices, April 27, 2021.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Veterans choosing to enroll in an apprenticeship program or OJT 
programs should not be penalized for their decision to bypass 
enrollment in traditional higher education programs; thus, we suggest 
amending the language within the bill to authorize the full MHA rate 
for up to 2 years as a veteran participates in apprenticeship or OJT 
programs. Additionally, employers should not be able to adjust the 
participant's pay because of that allowance. Until VA exercises greater 
oversight for approved apprenticeship programs and takes steps to 
ensure that employers are increasing compensation in coordination with 
increased and improved skills, veterans are going to continue to enroll 
in institutions of higher learning rather than apprenticeship programs.
    Raising awareness, coupled with an increase in MHA rates for 
apprenticeships and other OJT programs, could improve opportunities, 
particularly for PVA members. Significant barriers to employment exist 
for veterans with catastrophic disabilities and offering non-
traditional education and employment opportunities for those that are 
seeking them should be prioritized by VA education service.

H.R. 2878, the Daniel J. Harvey, Jr. and Adam Lambert Improving 
Servicemember Transition to Reduce Veteran Suicide Act

    PVA supports this legislation, which seeks to strengthen 10 U.S.C. 
Sec.  1142(b) and 38 U.S.C. Sec.  6320(b)(1) by including more robust 
language around mental health services provided by the Secretary of 
Defense through the Transition Assistance Program (TAP) and the VA 
Secretary through the Solid Start Program.
    Ensuring that transitioning servicemembers and veterans are aware 
of services and supports offered by the VA is critical in the health 
and well-being of our Nation's veterans. Information about the vast 
mental health resources provided by the VA should be disseminated to 
the greatest degree possible.
    We want to take this opportunity to remind Congress that not all 
servicemembers receive a traditional TAP experience. Servicemembers who 
are separated due to illness or injury are often placed in a Wounded 
Warrior Platoon or another transition-focused unit. This bill could be 
improved by including language directing the Department of Defense to 
ensure these individuals receive this critical information.

H.R. 4105, the VET Act of 2025

    This bill directs the Department of Labor (DOL) to create a grant 
program to hire more military-affiliated people in the energy sector. 
Access to this program would be limited to servicemembers who have a 
military occupational specialty, training, or experience related to 
energy production, construction, or manufacturing, as well as service-
connected veterans and homeless veterans or veterans facing significant 
barriers to employment. Creating an additional DOL grant program for a 
specific sector to incentivize veteran employment seems redundant. 
Instead, PVA would support additional funding to allow the department 
to direct existing efforts to address the needs of this sector.

H.R. 5436, to prohibit an educational institution from withholding a 
transcript from an individual who pursued a course or program of 
education at such institution using Post-9/11 educational assistance

    Regulatory changes that went into effect for the Department of 
Education in July 2024 established that institutions of higher 
education could no longer withhold a student's transcript or take other 
negative actions against a student due to an error on the school's 
part, if that student was receiving title IV funds. Transcript 
withholding as a means of debt collection is a customary practice in 
the education sector, but for many veterans, the outstanding debt is 
often disputed, making it a complicated issue. PVA supports this bill 
which would create parity for students using VA education benefits by 
prohibiting a school from withholding a student's transcript due to 
outstanding institutional charges. PVA supports this legislation.

H.R. 5634, the Veterans Flight Training Responsibility Act of 2025

    This bill would amend 38 U.S.C. Sec.  3313 by adding subsection (m) 
and establishing a maximum total cost ceiling of $100,000 for flight 
training for an individual at a public institution, which would bring 
them in line with the limits on non-degree flight training programs at 
private institutions. There is currently no ceiling for flight training 
programs when those programs lead to a degree despite there being 
limits for other programs at institutions of higher learning. PVA 
supports this legislation, which caps the amount available for flight 
training and ties the amount to the consumer price index.

Discussion Draft, the CRUISE Act

    VA's Automobile Adaptive Equipment (AAE) program prescribes and 
pays for adaptive equipment to allow eligible veterans to safely 
operate and enter/exit their vehicles. Many of these adaptations are 
done by dealers outside of the VA and reimbursements for their work are 
processed by the individual VA medical centers (VAMC). Many PVA members 
and the dealerships that serve them have complained of late payments by 
a few VAMCs. This has caused some of the smaller dealerships 
considerable financial hardship and discouraged others from working 
with the department. Because the AAE programs are run by the individual 
VAMCs, there is no uniformity in the processing time across the nation.
    As written, this drag bill requires VA to centralize the process 
for making AAE payments at VA Central Office and directs the department 
to track and resolve payments that are more than 90 days overdue. PVA 
strongly supports the intent of this drag legislation but believes it 
could be improved. Specifically, we would like to see language 
providing more information on how the centralization of the process 
should be conducted. We would be happy to work with the bill's sponsor 
to develop appropriate language. The AAE program is extremely important 
to paralyzed veterans all over the nation and a mistake in this process 
could prove to be catastrophic.

Discussion Draft, the Improving Mental Health Care and Coordination for 
Homeless Veterans Act

    PVA supports this draft bill. Veterans Health Administration (VHA) 
Directive 1501 established the VHA Homeless Programs in 2016 and the 
changes proposed by this legislation would codify internal improvements 
that the VA and Congress have made over the years, ensuring that 
advances made in combating veteran homelessness are not forgotten.
    Section (a)(1) and (2) of the legislation describes the assessment 
process and directs VA to identify the physical needs of a veteran and 
create a plan to address them. It is critical to note that veterans who 
are experiencing homelessness, and living with an SCI/D, may need to be 
referred to a VA SCI/D center to assess their health status and ensure 
there are no serious health concerns. To be successful, implementation 
of this legislation would need to consider the situations of all 
veterans who may be experiencing homelessness.

Discussion Draft, the Improving Emerging Tech Opportunities for 
Veterans Act

    This draft legislation seeks to add ``emerging technology'' to 38 
U.S.C. Sec.  3699C. The Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st Century Veterans 
Healthcare and Benefits Improvement Act (P.L. 118-210) reauthorized the 
Veterans Affairs High Technology Program, or Vet Tech. VA has not 
provided any data about the Vet Tech program to stakeholders in more 
than a year, so we have no insight into current enrollment or impact of 
the reauthorization. PVA defers to the VA regarding whether this 
legislation is necessary, because it is our understanding that the 
department is already counting the programs listed within the draft 
text in their eligible program lists for Vet Tech enrollment.

Discussion Draft, the Affordable Housing Guarantee Act

    PVA has concerns with this draft legislation, which seeks to 
increase the amount covered by the VA home loan program to 50 percent, 
up from 25 percent of the loan amount. This legislation would benefit 
the mortgage industry by providing an additional 25 percent of coverage 
in the event of a foreclosure. PVA shares concerns voiced by Chairman 
Van Orden in a February 2024 subcommittee hearing where he expressed 
apprehensions about the amount of debt covered by the VA when it comes 
to home loans and the financial burden assumed by the department in the 
event of a foreclosure.
    The VA Home Loan Program Reform Act became law about 6 months ago 
and we are still waiting for the VA to roll out the partial claims 
program (PCP). PVA believes we should wait until we have data from VA 
about the impact of the PCP before adjusting the guaranteed amount 
offered by the VA.

Discussion Draft, to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to 
submit to Congress a quarterly report on housing loans insured, 
guaranteed, or under laws administered by the Secretary

    In recent months, there has been a lot of media coverage around 
veteran foreclosures. Any data the VA could provide to Congress that 
leads to informed decisions on preventative measures to avoid veteran 
foreclosures would be helpful to addressing this concern. Since the VA 
home loan guarantee program tracks this data throughout the year, PVA 
does not foresee additional administrative burden on the VA.

Discussion Draft, to eliminate the maximum authorizations of 
appropriations for certain benefits for homeless veterans administered 
by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs and to make permanent the 
authority of the Secretary to carry out certain programs for homeless 
veterans

    Services and supports for homeless veterans have greatly improved 
over the past several years thanks to higher Grant and Per Diem (GPD) 
rates approved by Congress and more robust, wrap-around services 
offered by VA. However, recent complications experienced in 
implementing increased GPD rates shines light on a concern that this 
bill seeks to address.
    By removing the authorization for appropriation amounts, the VA 
will be better positioned to ask for the resources really needed to 
support vulnerable groups of veterans. Congress and the VA should do 
everything possible to guarantee smooth delivery of services and 
supports to veterans regardless of fights happening in Washington D.C. 
Permanently authorizing these programs shields them from future funding 
lapses; thus, PVA supports this legislation.
    PVA is grateful for the opportunity to share our views on some of 
the legislation before the subcommittee today. We look forward to 
working with Congress on these bills and we welcome any questions.

  Information Required by Rule XI 2(g) of the House of Representatives

Pursuant to Rule XI 2(g) of the House of Representatives, the following 
information is provided regarding Federal grants and contracts.

                            Fiscal Year 2026

Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of National Veterans Sports 
Programs & Special Events--Grant to support rehabilitation sports 
activities--$368,500.

                            Fiscal Year 2025

Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of National Veterans Sports 
Programs & Special Events--Grant to support rehabilitation sports 
activities--$502,000.

                            Fiscal Year 2023

Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of National Veterans Sports 
Programs & Special Events--Grant to support rehabilitation sports 
activities--$479,000.

                     Disclosure of Foreign Payments

Paralyzed Veterans of America is largely supported by donations from 
the general public. However, in some very rare cases we receive direct 
donations from foreign nationals. In addition, we receive funding from 
corporations and foundations which in some cases are U.S. subsidiaries 
of non-U.S. companies.

                                 

                  Prepared Statement of Kathryn Monet

    Chairman Van Orden, Ranking Member Pappas, and distinguished 
Members of the Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity:

    NCHV thanks you for the opportunity to offer views on legislation 
before the Committee. While there are several great bills today, we are 
providing statements on behalf of legislation which could directly 
affect efforts to prevent and or end homelessness among veterans and 
their families.

A Draft Bill, The Veteran Housing Promise Act

    NCHV supports this legislation, which amends title 38 of the United 
States Code to eliminate maximum authorizations of appropriations and 
make permanent the authority for several programs supporting homeless 
veterans administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).
    For decades, VA's homelessness programs have been instrumental in 
reducing veteran homelessness. These efforts provide essential services 
such as outreach, housing assistance, employment reintegration, and 
supportive services for vulnerable populations--including women 
veterans and veterans with children. Yet the current patchwork of time-
limited authorizations and funding caps poses significant challenges 
for program continuity, planning, and the ability of community 
providers to sustain the life-changing services veterans rely on.
    By removing funding caps and time-limited authorizations, this 
legislation provides long-term stability and predictability for these 
proven programs. Such stability allows both VA and community-based 
partners to better coordinate care, invest in workforce development, 
and ensure that no veteran who has served our Nation has to face 
homelessness or housing insecurity due to administrative uncertainty.
    Key provisions of this bill--such as the permanent authority for 
the Domiciliary Care and Supportive Services for Very Low-Income 
Veteran Families program, and long-term authorization for grants 
benefiting homeless veterans with special needs--will strengthen the 
Federal response and allow continued progress toward the shared goal of 
ending veteran homelessness.

H.R. 7049, the Improving Mental Health Care and Coordination for 
Homeless Veterans Act.

    NCHV supports this bill, which seeks to address deficiencies in the 
referral process to homeless programs for veterans with positive 
screenings for housing instability in other clinical settings. VHA's 
homeless clinical screening tool is an important way that clinicians 
are able to identify veterans facing housing instability, especially 
those who may not know help is available or who may not want to 
disclose their housing status. However; last month, the VAOIG found 
that in many instances unclear referral procedures and staff 
inconsistency in following them resulted in veterans screening positive 
but never receiving the housing referrals they requested or not 
receiving them within a 30-day timeline. It is unacceptable that 
bureaucratic processes or the lack thereof prevented veterans from 
accessing housing support and NCHV thanks Rep. Valadao and his 
cosponsors for moving quickly to address this issue.
    The focus on timely assessment and intake planning will help VA 
house more veterans. Further, we appreciate his focus on ensuring VA 
identifies appropriate housing options for veterans quickly in addition 
to addressing long-term health and mental health needs. As the 
Committee considers this provision, we encourage frank discussions with 
VA to ensure that VAMCs are being allowed to hire sufficient staff to 
support these processes. Further, as team-based care management becomes 
more common, we encourage discussions around ensuring that staff have 
the appropriate skill sets to identify housing placements and support 
housing navigation rather than the usual clinical skills VA 
prioritizes.
    In conclusion, we commend the Committee's leadership for advancing 
policies that recognize homelessness among veterans as not just a 
matter of housing, but of dignity, stability, and national 
responsibility. The National Coalition for Homeless Veterans and our 
partners stand ready to support implementation and continued oversight 
of these essential programs.

                       Statements for the Record

                              ----------                              


  Prepared Statement of Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States

    Chairman Van Orden, Ranking Member Pappas, and members of the 
subcommittee, on behalf of the men and women of the Veterans of Foreign 
Wars of the United States (VFW) and its Auxiliary, thank you for the 
opportunity to provide testimony regarding this pending legislation.

H.R. 982, Warriors to Workforce Act

    The VFW supports the intent of this legislation to increase the 
housing allowance during the second 6-month period of an apprenticeship 
or on-the-job training program for which a veteran is using Department 
of Veterans Affairs (VA) education benefits. However, we would prefer 
the following stipulation. The increase from 80 percent to 90 percent 
is a step in the right direction, but does not go far enough. In terms 
of this housing allowance, an increase from 80 percent to 100 percent 
would realistically help veterans complete these important education 
programs that provide direct job training while ensuring their basic 
housing needs are covered. Additionally, the VFW would also like to see 
more data reported on the successes and shortfalls of these programs to 
better understand the needs of the participating veterans.

H.R. 2878, Daniel J. Harvey, Jr. and Adam Lambert Improving 
Servicemember Transition to Reduce Veteran Suicide Act

    The VFW supports this legislation to strengthen mental health 
support during the military-to-civilian transition by enhancing both 
the Department of Defense (DOD) Transition Assistance Program (TAP) and 
the VA Solid Start program. This legislation would ensure that 
separating service members receive standardized, evidence-informed 
information on mental health conditions, suicide risk factors, 
available treatment options, and the stressors associated with 
separation from military service. It would also improve VA's early 
post-separation outreach by reinforcing VA Solid Start's role in 
connecting newly separated veterans to mental health care and 
enrollment in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).
    The VFW has long emphasized that the transition period is a high-
risk window for suicide and adverse mental health outcomes, 
particularly when service members experience a loss of structure, 
identity, and community. By making permanent improvements to TAP and 
Solid Start, this bill would strengthen the ``warm handoff'' between 
DOD and VA, and promote continuity of care at a critical moment. H.R. 
2878 aligns with the VFW's legislative priority to eliminate service 
member and veteran suicide, and is consistent with VFW Resolution No. 
606 (Mental Health Disorders) that urges Congress to dedicate adequate 
resources and oversight to address veteran suicide and expand access to 
effective mental health care. The VFW believes this legislation 
represents a necessary and constructive step toward reducing suicide 
risk and improving long-term outcomes for transitioning service members 
and newly separated veterans.

H.R. 3159, Improving SCRA Benefit Utilization Act

    The VFW supports this legislation to strengthen financial readiness 
by improving service member awareness of, and access to, protections 
under the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (SCRA). The proposal would 
integrate SCRA education into required financial literacy training and 
ensure service members receive timely notification of these protections 
when entering service, joining a reserve component, or mobilizing to 
active duty.
    The legislation would also address implementation gaps by 
clarifying creditor obligations under the SCRA's interest rate 
limitation, and requiring financial institutions to apply the statutory 
cap consistently across all eligible debts. Mandating accessible 
methods for service members to submit required documentation would 
reduce administrative barriers that can prevent timely relief.
    Financial stress is a well-documented contributor to readiness 
challenges, family instability, and poor transition outcomes. H.R. 3159 
aligns with the VFW's legislative priority to modernize and reform VA 
and DOD programs that do not meet the needs of service members, 
veterans, and their families, and is consistent with the VFW's long-
standing advocacy for consumer protections and financial stability for 
those who serve.

H.R. 4105, Veterans Energy Transition (VET) Act of 2025

    The VFW supports this legislation to establish a Department of 
Labor (DOL) grant program to help transitioning service members, 
veterans, and military spouses obtain employment in the energy sector. 
This would allow eligible employers to receive reimbursement for costs 
associated with hiring covered individuals, including training, 
credentialing, recruitment, and onboarding, with priority given to 
involuntarily separated service members, veterans with service-
connected disabilities or other barriers to employment, military 
spouses, and individuals living in qualified opportunity zones.
    The VFW strongly supports outcome-driven transition policies that 
connect separating service members to sustainable careers. This 
legislation would promote meaningful interagency collaboration by 
requiring program coordination with TAP, SkillBridge, and VA Solid 
Start, ensuring employment pathways are integrated into the broader 
transition framework. The bill would also include reporting and 
oversight provisions to evaluate retention and employment outcomes.
    This legislation aligns with VFW Resolution No. 627 (Support 
Improved Military-to-Civilian Transition Assistance) and advances 
multiple VFW legislative priorities, including ensuring a seamless 
military-to-civilian transition, improving veteran employment and 
economic opportunity, and expanding employment opportunities for 
military spouses. The VFW believes this legislation would represent a 
targeted, accountable approach to strengthening transition outcomes 
while supporting workforce needs in a critical sector of the U.S. 
economy.

H.R. 5634, Veterans Flight Training Responsibility Act of 2025

    The VFW supports this legislation to set limitations on the use of 
the GI Bill for certain flight training. Years ago, the GI Bill 
essentially had no spending restrictions for this program, enabling 
certain flight schools to charge uncapped amounts of money. Flight 
training is expensive, and currently pilots are in demand across the 
country. However, the VFW believes there should be reasonable 
limitations on the amount of money spent on flight training, and that 
this legislation would be a fair balance for veterans who pursue flight 
training through the GI Bill.

H.R. 5436, To amend title 38, United States Code, to prohibit an 
educational institution from withholding a transcript from an 
individual who pursued a course or program of education at such 
institution using Post-9/11 educational assistance

    The VFW supports this legislation to prohibit withholding 
transcripts and to protect veterans pursuing education and employment 
opportunities. Withholding transcripts prevents veterans from fully 
utilizing their earned education benefits. When institutions block 
transcript access, veterans cannot transfer credits or apply for 
employment, creating unnecessary emotional and financial hardship. This 
practice undermines the intent of the GI Bill, which is to help 
veterans achieve meaningful careers and economic stability. Veterans 
should not be penalized for administrative or billing issues. GI Bill 
funds are Federal dollars, and schools must ensure that veterans have 
uninterrupted access to their academic records.

Discussion Draft, Improving Emerging Tech Opportunities for Veterans 
Act

    The VFW supports this proposal to require VA to collaborate with 
DOL, with an emphasis on the Veterans' Employment and Training Service, 
industry stakeholders, educational institutions, and nonprofit 
organizations to identify high-demand technology careers, along with 
the courses veterans need to qualify for them. Veterans must be 
prepared for the industries of the future to ensure they can be among 
the leaders of tomorrow. These programs should be prominently featured 
in TAP and on VA's website to ensure visibility and access. 
Additionally, we support VA's proposed expedited approval process to 
fast-track these courses and eliminate unnecessary delays.

Discussion Draft, To amend title 38, United States Code, to require the 
Secretary of Veterans Affairs to submit to Congress a quarterly report 
on housing loans insured, guaranteed, or under laws administered by the 
Secretary, and for other purposes

    The VFW supports the intent of this proposal to enhance 
transparency within the VA home loan programs through more frequent 
reporting. Improved data collection can help identify emerging trends 
in utilization, shed light on barriers that may limit access to this 
important but often underutilized benefit, and support earlier 
interventions for veterans who may be at risk of falling behind on 
their mortgage obligations. However, while we recognize the value of 
better insight into loan performance and veteran outcomes, we have 
questions regarding the shift from the current annual reporting 
requirement to a quarterly mandate.
    At this time, it is unclear why more frequent reporting is 
necessary, what specific deficiencies exist in the current reporting 
structure, or how VA would resource and sustain this increased 
administrative burden. Some of the proposed data elements may indeed be 
beneficial for policymakers, but it is not evident that they require 
quarterly updates to inform decisions or oversight.
    The VFW appreciates efforts to strengthen and safeguard the VA home 
loan programs, and we stand ready to work with Congress to ensure that 
any new reporting obligations meaningfully advance that objective.

Discussion Draft, Affordable Housing Guarantee Act

    The VFW supports this proposal to increase the VA loan guaranty 
from 25 percent to 50 percent for veterans with service-connected 
disabilities. This proposal would reduce financial barriers and promote 
homeownership. It is aligned with the VFW's legislative priorities that 
include expanding programs to combat veteran homelessness. Disabled 
veterans often face unique economic hardships, and expanding the loan 
guaranty strengthens their ability to maintain stable housing while 
honoring their service and sacrifices.

Discussion Draft, Veteran Housing Promise Act

    The VFW supports this proposal to eliminate arbitrary funding caps 
and make permanent the authority for critical VA homeless initiatives, 
including comprehensive service programs, reintegration grants, and 
housing assistance. These provisions align with the VFW's call for 
increased availability of safe and affordable housing, inflation-
adjusted grant and per diem rates, and gender-specific services for 
homeless veterans.

Discussion Draft, Improving Mental Health Care and Coordination for 
Homeless Veterans Act

    The VFW supports this proposal to require timely assessments of 
physical and mental health needs, create individualized care plans, and 
integrate housing solutions into VA electronic health records. This 
proposal reflects the VFW's calls for comprehensive housing solutions, 
gender--specific services, and expanded access to care for veterans 
experiencing or at risk of homelessness. This proposal would improve VA 
and VHA policies through its mandate for assessments within 3 days of 
identification; the requirement for standardized care plans and housing 
identification integrated into electronic health records; and the 
implementation of a monitoring process by the Homeless Program Office 
to ensure accountability. By formalizing these processes, the proposal 
would strengthen VA's obligation to provide holistic care and align 
with the VFW's commitment to eliminate homelessness among veterans.
    However, the VFW asks Congress to ensure that any new rules come 
with adequate resources. Without more money for staff, training, and 
computer support, VA will have difficulty meeting these requirements. 
Congress should fully fund this plan to help, not overburden, the 
people who work in homeless services.
    Ending veteran homelessness takes more than just housing. It also 
includes timely mental health care, organized case support, and regular 
follow up.

Discussion Draft, Centralized Reimbursement for Upgraded Innovative 
Service Equipment (CRUISE) Act

    The VFW supports this proposal to overhaul the reimbursement 
procedures for VA's adaptive automobile program. By centralizing VA's 
automobile reimbursement process, enforcing Federal timeliness 
standards, and requiring public reporting of delays, the CRUISE Act 
would enhance accountability and efficiency. These reforms would reduce 
payment backlogs, increase transparency, and ensure timely access to 
adaptive vehicles for severely disabled veterans. This modernization 
effort aligns with the VFW's commitment to VA streamlining its 
operations, improving coordination of care, and upholding the promise 
our Nation made to the veterans among us who have sacrificed the most.
    Chairman Van Orden and Ranking Member Pappas, this concludes my 
statement. Again, thank you for the opportunity to offer comments on 
this pending legislation.

Information Required by Rule XI2(g)(4) of the House of Representatives

Pursuant to Rule XI2(g)(4) of the House of Representatives, the VFW has 
not received any Federal grants in Fiscal Year 2026, nor has it 
received any Federal grants in the two previous Fiscal Years.

The VFW has not received payments or contracts from any foreign 
governments in the current year or preceding two calendar years.

                                 

            Prepared Statement of Veterans United Home Loans

    Chairman Van Orden, Ranking Member Pappas, and Members of the 
Committee:

    Thank you for the opportunity to submit written testimony and for 
your continued commitment to strengthening the VA Home Loan program. We 
sincerely appreciate the Committee's proactive efforts to identify ways 
to improve this incredible veteran benefit--one that has enabled 
millions of veterans and their families to achieve stable, sustainable 
homeownership.
    Veterans United Home Loans has the privilege of being the Nation's 
largest VA purchase lender since 2016, and as such we stand ready to 
serve as a resource to this committee on all aspects of the VA Home 
Loan. We applaud this committee's continued efforts to protect and 
improve all veterans' hard-earned benefits, including the VA home loan 
program, and we appreciate the opportunity to weigh in on this vital VA 
benefit.
    At a time when housing affordability remains strained nationwide, 
the VA Home Loan program is often the difference between homeownership 
and permanent exclusion from the housing market for veterans. Any 
changes to the program should therefore be evaluated primarily through 
the lens of their direct and long-term impact on veteran homebuyers and 
homeowners.

The Impact of Funding Fees on Veteran Homeownership

    One of the most significant but often overlooked cost drivers for 
veteran borrowers is the VA funding fee. While the funding fee was 
originally designed to offset the cost of loan guaranty claims and 
protect the program's fiscal integrity, it has been used for decades to 
fund other veteran benefits and meet unrelated budgetary needs.
    As a result, the funding fee is now artificially high relative to 
the actual credit risk of VA loans. Historically, the VA Home Loan 
program has generated far more revenue through funding fees than it has 
paid out in guaranty claims. In a peer-reviewed economics journal, Dr. 
Joseph Haslag found that the funding fee on all zero-down purchase 
loans could be reduced to 1.3 percent (from 2.15 percent and 3.30 
percent, respectively) in order to be revenue neutral.\1\ For veterans, 
this imbalance has concrete and lasting consequences. If the funding 
fee were reduced to 1.3 percent for all purchase loans as noted in Dr. 
Haslag's article, the average veteran or active duty first time 
homebuyer would pay around $3,400 less in VA funding fees to utilize 
their benefit. On any subsequent use of the benefit, that same average 
veteran or active duty homebuyer would pay $8,000 less if the funding 
fee were 1.3 percent.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ Joseph Haslag, Is the Funding Fee Enough?: A Quantitative 
Analysis of the VA Mortgage Program, International Journal of Social 
Science and Economic Research, Vol. 7, Issue 7, July 2022, https://
ijsser.org/2022files/ijsser_07 149.pdf.
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    Higher funding fees increase the upfront and financed cost of 
buying a home. Because most veterans roll the fee into their loan 
balance, it immediately raises the loan-to-value ratio at origination. 
This also means they pay interest on the fee, which at current rates 
doubles the total amount paid over the life of the loan. This means 
veterans start homeownership with less equity, higher monthly payments, 
and a greater likelihood of remaining underwater for longer periods, 
particularly during the early years of the loan.
    For veteran homeowners, this can limit refinancing opportunities, 
reduce financial flexibility during life transitions, and increase 
vulnerability during economic downturns. Over time, these added costs 
undermine the very affordability advantage the VA loan program is meant 
to provide.

Potential Benefits Of A Uniform Guaranty Increase For Veteran

    If Congress were to refocus the VA funding fee on its original, 
actuarially intended purpose-covering loan guaranty losses--there is a 
compelling case that the VA loan guaranty could be increased for all 
veterans without placing the program at risk. Historically, the program 
has generated substantially more revenue through funding fees than it 
has paid out in claims, suggesting additional capacity to enhance the 
guaranty while maintaining fiscal soundness.
    A higher, uniform guaranty could benefit veteran homebuyers and 
homeowners by reducing lender and investor risk across the entire VA 
loan program. This type of risk reduction improves the pricing of 
mortgage-backed securities by increasing demand for those MBS. Due to 
the inverse relationship between bond prices and interest rates, the 
increased demand flows through the system in the form of stronger 
liquidity, improved pricing, and lower interest rates on VA Loans. For 
veterans, this translates directly into lower monthly payments, 
increased purchasing power, and greater access to credit--particularly 
for first-time buyers and those in high-cost or competitive housing 
markets.
    Importantly, these benefits extend beyond new homebuyers. Existing 
veteran homeowners would see improved refinance opportunities, enabling 
them to lower monthly payments, reduce interest costs over the life of 
the loan, and build equity more quickly. In an environment where even 
small interest rate improvements can significantly affect 
affordability, a uniform increase in the guaranty could deliver 
immediate and tangible financial relief to veterans.
    With that said, any guaranty increase should be grounded in 
rigorous actuarial analysis to ensure the long-term sustainability of 
the program and its ability to serve veterans for generations to come.

Concerns with Disparate Guaranty Structures

    While we strongly support the goal of providing additional 
assistance to veterans with service-connected disabilities, we are 
concerned that increasing the guaranty for only a portion of VA loans 
could create unintended consequences for veteran homebuyers.
    Under the current bill, roughly half of all VA loans would carry a 
higher guaranty, while the remainder would continue under existing 
levels. From a veteran's perspective, this creates a system where 
similarly qualified borrowers receive different pricing outcomes based 
not on creditworthiness or risk, but rather on a separate guaranty 
classification.
    In the secondary market, this distinction matters. Servicers and 
Ginnie Mae investors would be required to manage and price pools of VA 
loans with different guaranty levels and risk characteristics. That 
fragmentation could reduce liquidity for certain VA loan cohorts, 
increase operational complexity, and ultimately lead to pricing 
disparities that disadvantage some veteran borrowers.
    Over time, this could mean higher rates for veterans whose loans 
carry a lower guaranty despite the historically strong performance of 
all VA loans.

Conclusion

    We commend the Committee for its thoughtful approach to improving 
the VA Home Loan program and for its focus on supporting veterans with 
service-connected disabilities. As this legislation is considered, we 
encourage continued attention to how funding fees, guaranty structures, 
and secondary market dynamics affect the day-to-day financial reality 
of veteran homebuyers and homeowners.
    We stand ready to work with the Committee and the Department of 
Veterans Affairs to ensure that any reforms strengthen affordability, 
preserve market efficiency, and protect this extraordinary benefit for 
all who have served.
    Thank you for your leadership and your unwavering commitment to 
America's veterans.

                 Prepared Statement of Niskanen Center
[GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                Prepared Statement of With Honor Action

    Chairman Van Orden, Ranking Member Pappas, and Members of the 
Subcommittee,

    With Honor Action appreciates the opportunity to submit this 
Statement for the Record. We thank the Subcommittee for its leadership 
and commitment to strengthening critical programs that support service 
members as they transition to civilian life following their service to 
our Nation.
    With Honor Action is a bipartisan, nonprofit organization that 
works to strengthen democracy and fight polarization in Congress 
through principled veteran leadership. Our work includes endorsing 
legislative solutions to our Nation's most pressing issues, connecting 
military veteran Members of Congress across the aisle to forge 
bipartisan bonds, and building coalitions of like-minded organizations 
to demonstrate constituent support for commonsense policies.
    We work with the 38 members of the For Country Caucus in the House 
of Representatives, all of whom are military veterans, and who have 
taken our Pledge to serve with integrity, civility, and courage. We 
also work closely with 11 Senate allies to reach bicameral consensus. 
These congressional leaders leverage their military experience and 
leadership to build support for and pass legislation in national 
security, national service, and veterans' affairs.

With Honor Action supports H.R. 4105, the Veterans Energy Transition 
(VET) Act

    The transition from active duty to civilian life is a pivotal 
moment for the future of our veterans and their families, and has been 
a key part of our bipartisan work. With Honor Action strongly supports 
the bipartisan Veterans Energy Transition (VET) Act, led by For Country 
Caucus members Rep. Jen Kiggans, a Navy veteran, and Rep. Chrissy 
Houlahan, an Air Force veteran. The bill has 16 cosponsors, including 
six members of the For Country Caucus, and would simultaneously address 
critical shortages in our energy and advanced manufacturing sectors and 
the pressing issue of veteran employment after separation.
    Research from the Bureau of Labor Statistics found that nearly 
10,000 electricians leave the workforce annually, and only roughly 
7,000 enter to replace them.\1\ As demand for energy markets grows to 
power our economy and American innovation, these labor shortages in 
energy and manufacturing are not only a threat to our economic 
prosperity but also to our national security.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, 
Occupational Outlook Handbook, Electricians, at https://www.bls.gov/
ooh/construction-and-extraction/electricians.html.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    At the same time, around 200,000 service members transition out of 
active duty each year, and they are ideal candidates for technical 
careers like those in the energy industry.\2\ The VET Act will help 
defray costs for potential employers by empowering the Department of 
Labor to provide grants to cover training, certification, relocation, 
and onboarding for eligible veteran, service member, and spouse hires. 
The legislation authorizes $60 million annually through Fiscal Year 
2031 for these grants, with a 15 percent cap on administrative costs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\ Government Accountability Office (2024). Transition to Civilian 
Life: Better Collection and Analysis of Military Service Data Needed to 
Improve Oversight of the SkillBridge Program (GAO-24-107352). https://
www.gao.gov/products/gao-24-107352
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    The bill also prioritizes this support for retirees and veterans 
with service-connected disabilities and for those experiencing 
homelessness, targeting populations desperately in need of greater 
intervention, and recognizes the need for greater interagency 
cooperation by coordinating implementation with existing Department of 
Defense and Department of Veterans Affairs programs such as the 
Transition Assistance Program (TAP), SkillBridge, and Solid Start.

With Honor Action supports H.R. 2878, the Daniel J. Harvey and Adam 
Lambert Improving Servicemember Transition to Reduce Veteran Suicide 
Act

    With Honor also strongly supports the Daniel J. Harvey and Adam 
Lambert Improving Servicemember Transition to Reduce Veteran Suicide 
Act, introduced by Iowa Air National Guardsman and For Country Caucus 
member Rep. Zach Nunn. This bill, named after two Marines who 
tragically lost their lives to suicide within a year of separation, 
will provide tools to support service-related mental health challenges. 
By incorporating topics like PTSD, depression, substance abuse, and 
loneliness into TAP, separating service members will receive the 
information and resources they need to transition successfully.
    Similarly, by strengthening the Solid Start program, veterans will 
have greater awareness of the mental health programs available to them. 
The first year of separation from service is a highly vulnerable time 
for veterans experiencing a mental health crisis, with suicide rates 
reaching 46.2 per 100,000.\3\ Early education of, and access to, mental 
health programs for transitioning service members is critical for 
reducing veteran suicide rates, which continue to outpace the suicide 
rates of the general, non-veteran population.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\ U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2024 National Veteran 
Suicide Prevention Annual Report, Part 1 & Part 2, Office of Suicide 
Prevention, December 2024, https://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/docs/data-
sheets/2024/2024-Annual-Report-Part-1-of-2_508.pdf
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    This bill is cosponsored by another veteran member of the For 
Country Caucus and Army veteran, Rep. Jason Crow. These veterans, who 
have experienced the transition from active duty to civilian life, 
understand the daunting challenges and the much-needed resources that 
accompany a service member's separation. The early intervention this 
bill provides to service members is key to facilitating a safe and 
successful next chapter for those who have served their country.
    With Honor Action was proud to endorse these bills upon their 
introduction, and now we urge the Subcommittee to ensure sustained 
support for transitioning service members and the workforce and support 
programs they need to succeed in the civilian world. We thank the 
Subcommittee for holding today's hearing and for its consideration of 
this vital legislation.

               Prepared Statement of The American Legion
[GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

 Prepared Statement of National Association of Electrical Distributors 
                                 (NAED)
[GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

           Prepared Statement of Student Veterans of America
[GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

 Prepared Statement of National Association Of State Approving Agencies

Introduction

    Chairman Van Orden, Ranking Member Pappas and distinguished members 
of the Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity, on behalf of the fifty-
three-member State agencies of the National Association of State 
Approving Agencies (NASAA) and their over 220 staff members, thank you 
for the opportunity to provide comments on certain pending legislation.

H.R. 982, Warriors to Workforce Act

    In addition to approving standard college degree and non-college 
degree programs, State approving agencies are responsible for approving 
apprenticeship (APP), and on-the-job training (OJT) programs for the GI 
Bill. We are concerned that this important program is being 
underutilized by our veterans for multiple reasons, one of which is 
that it is neither promoted nor adequately funded. The result, as 
pointed out by Chairman Van Orden earlier this year, APP and OJT 
programs now account for less than 1 percent of the veterans using the 
GI Bill, a continual decline over the last decade due to a lack of 
awareness and inadequate incentive to utilize this benefit to pursue 
skilled workforce training. For example, the Department of Veterans 
Affairs (VA) reports that during Fiscal Year 2025, only 2,219 Post-9/11 
GI Bill beneficiaries began an OJT or apprenticeship program. During 
the same period, 78,382 individuals began receiving their VA 
educational benefits while enrolled in undergraduate or graduate degree 
programs. We believe that the underutilization of this valuable benefit 
is partially due to lack of veteran awareness as SAAs are not 
encouraged by VA to promote the program. Although it is specified in 38 
CFR Sec.  21.4262(d), VA admits that this benefit has been inadequately 
promoted and more should be done to ensure veterans are informed of all 
the potential uses of their GI Bill entitlement. Apprenticeship 
programs equip veterans with the skills needed to quickly enter the 
workforce and lead to high paying careers for those veterans who choose 
this route. A recent study in North Carolina spoke of critical 
infrastructure needs and we believe that this only mirrors the 
situation across our Nation. Veterans who wish to use their hearts, 
hands, and minds to enter technical and vocational fields such as 
welding, pipefitting, and software development should be encouraged to 
do so.
    Veterans who enroll in an APP or OJT can effectively use their 
benefits to transition more quickly into the civilian workforce, 
providing stability for themselves and their families. For this reason, 
we strongly support H.R. 982, the Warriors to Workforce Act of 2025, 
which increases benefits that veterans receive during the first year of 
an apprenticeship by changing the law so that after 6 months of 
training, the amount of benefit veterans receive will increase to 90 
percent as opposed to the current 80 percent prescribed by law. This 
change provides a stronger incentive for veterans to use this program, 
while enhancing the likelihood that they will persist in their 
training, enter the workforce, and become tax paying citizens in their 
communities, better able to support themselves and their families If 
eligible veterans choose this path, they could join the workforce 
immediately after transitioning from their military service and not 
have to wait until they complete a lengthy and costly traditional 
school program. This route will significantly increase their chance for 
successful reintegration into civilian life.
    Over the past several decades, Congress has increased the financial 
incentives for veterans to seek a college degree by hundreds of 
thousands of dollars, but comparatively almost nothing has been done 
for veterans who seek practical on-the-job training and become part of 
the workforce that rebuilds the Nation's infrastructure. With this 
increase in their APP/OJT benefit, veterans could be encouraged to join 
the workforce immediately, thereby securing gainful employment, 
becoming a tax paying citizen and contributing to their local 
communities and families. Without the increase to 90 percent for the 
second 6 months, veterans are often discouraged from continuing in 
their program if they must sacrifice losing significant income to 
support their families, unless they do not receive a commensurate pay 
increase by the employer at the same time. We suggest that the bill be 
expanded to provide benefits of 100 percent for the first year and to 
include adjustments in subsequent years to avoid a significant drop in 
benefits in the second year of participation. Finally, we would ask for 
further study about this important benefit to align the program more 
closely with veteran's needs.

H.R. 5634, Veterans Flight Training Responsibility Act of 2025

    H.R. 5634 would amend 38 U.S.C. Sec.  3313 by adding subsection (m) 
and establishing a maximum total cost ceiling of $100,000 for flight 
training for an individual at a public institution, similar to the 
manner in which flight training is capped at nondegree flight training 
programs at private institutions. While NASAA supports the intent of 
this bill to bring parity to flight training, we are concerned that a 
lifetime cap on such training at public IHLs could potentially have a 
chilling effect on veterans seeking these programs. Instead, we would 
suggest applying the private IHL cap to contracted programs at IHLs 
instead. And we would like to see the cap on vocational flight training 
increased to bring parity to these schools, instead of placing a cap on 
already robust in-house degree granting IHL flight programs. Our Nation 
needs more pilots and now is the time to encourage veterans to enroll 
in quality training programs.

H.R. 5436, To amend title 38, United States Code, to prohibit an 
educational institution from withholding a transcript from an 
individual who pursued a course or program of education at such 
institution using Post-9/11 educational assistance

    In July 2024, the Department of Education implemented regulatory 
changes that mandated that institutions of higher education could no 
longer withhold a student's transcript or take other negative actions 
against a student due to an error on the school's part if that student 
was receiving Title IV funds. Though many schools withhold transcripts 
in an attempt to collect outstanding debt from students, for many 
student veterans, that outstanding debt is often disputed, and in some 
cases can be a result of school or VA error. As such, NASAA supports 
this bill which would establish parity for students using their GI Bill 
education benefits by prohibiting a school from withholding a student's 
transcript due to outstanding institutional charges.

Information Required by Rule XI2(g)(4) of the House of Representatives

Pursuant to Rule XI2(g)(4) of the House of Representatives, NASAA has 
not received any Federal grants in Fiscal Year 2025, nor has it 
received any Federal grants in the two previous Fiscal Years.

NASAA has not received payments or contracts from any foreign 
governments in the current year or preceding two calendar years.

                                 [all]