[House Hearing, 119 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


              AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, FOOD 
              AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND RELATED 
                AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS FOR 2026
_______________________________________________________________________

                                 HEARINGS

                                 BEFORE A

                           SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE

                       COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

                         HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                     ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                              FIRST SESSION

                                 __________

          SUBCOMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, FOOD AND 
                   DRUG ADMINISTRATION, AND RELATED AGENCIES

                     ANDY HARRIS, Maryland, Chairman

  ROBERT B. ADERHOLT, Alabama
  DAVID G. VALADAO, California
  JOHN R. MOOLENAAR, Michigan
  DAN NEWHOUSE, Washington
  JULIA LETLOW, Louisiana
  BEN CLINE, Virginia
  ASHLEY HINSON, Iowa
  SCOTT FRANKLIN, Florida,
    Vice Chair

  SANFORD D. BISHOP, Jr., Georgia,
    Ranking Member
  CHELLIE PINGREE, Maine
  LAUREN UNDERWOOD, Illinois
  MARIE GLUESENKAMP PEREZ,
    Washington
  MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio
  DEBBIE WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Florida

  NOTE: Under committee rules, Mr. Cole, as chairman of the full 
committee, and Ms. DeLauro, as ranking minority member of the full 
committee, are authorized to sit as members of all subcommittees.

               Pam Miller, Elizabeth Dent, Nick Seelinger,
                      Judd Gardner and Sykes Connell
                            Subcommittee Staff
                           
                                  __________ 

                                  PART 1
                                                                   Page
  Members' Day.........................................               1

[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
 
                                  __________          
 
          Printed for the use of the Committee on Appropriations

                    U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE

  61-938                      WASHINGTON : 2026
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------     

                   HOUSE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

                                ----------                              
                      TOM COLE, Oklahoma, Chairman


  HAROLD ROGERS, Kentucky,
    Chairman Emeritus
  ROBERT B. ADERHOLT, Alabama
  MICHAEL K. SIMPSON, Idaho
  JOHN R. CARTER, Texas
  KEN CALVERT, California
  MARIO DIAZ-BALART, Florida
  STEVE WOMACK, Arkansas
  CHARLES J. ``CHUCK'' FLEISCHMANN,
    Tennessee
  DAVID P. JOYCE, Ohio
  ANDY HARRIS, Maryland
  MARK E. AMODEI, Nevada
  DAVID G. VALADAO, California
  DAN NEWHOUSE, Washington
  JOHN R. MOOLENAAR, Michigan
  JOHN H. RUTHERFORD, Florida
  BEN CLINE, Virginia
  GUY RESCHENTHALER, Pennsylvania
  ASHLEY HINSON, Iowa
  TONY GONZALES, Texas
  JULIA LETLOW, Louisiana
  MICHAEL CLOUD, Texas
  MICHAEL GUEST, Mississippi
  RYAN K. ZINKE, Montana
  ANDREW S. CLYDE, Georgia
  STEPHANIE I. BICE, Oklahoma
  SCOTT FRANKLIN, Florida
  JAKE ELLZEY, Texas
  JUAN CISCOMANI, Arizona
  CHUCK EDWARDS, North Carolina
  MARK ALFORD, Missouri
  NICK LaLOTA, New York
  DALE W. STRONG, Alabama
  CELESTE MALOY, Utah
  RILEY M. MOORE, West Virginia

  ROSA L. DeLAURO, Connecticut,
    Ranking Member
  STENY H. HOYER, Maryland
  MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio
  JAMES E. CLYBURN, South Carolina
  SANFORD D. BISHOP, Jr., Georgia
  BETTY McCOLLUM, Minnesota
  DEBBIE WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Florida
  HENRY CUELLAR, Texas
  CHELLIE PINGREE, Maine
  MIKE QUIGLEY, Illinois
  GRACE MENG, New York
  MARK POCAN, Wisconsin
  PETE AGUILAR, California
  LOIS FRANKEL, Florida
  BONNIE WATSON COLEMAN, New Jersey
  NORMA J. TORRES, California
  ED CASE, Hawaii
  ADRIANO ESPAILLAT, New York
  JOSH HARDER, California
  LAUREN UNDERWOOD, Illinois
  SUSIE LEE, Nevada
  JOSEPH D. MORELLE, New York
  MIKE LEVIN, California
  MADELEINE DEAN, Pennsylvania
  VERONICA ESCOBAR, Texas
  FRANK J. MRVAN, Indiana
  MARIE GLUESENKAMP PEREZ,
    Washington
  GLENN IVEY, Maryland

                Susan Ross, Chief Clerk and Staff Director

                                   (II)

 
   AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, AND 
                RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS FOR 2026

                              ----------                            

                                           Tuesday, April 29, 2025.

                              MEMBERS' DAY

    Mr. Harris. The subcommittee will come to order.
    Good morning. I want to thank all of you for coming to 
today's hearing to receive testimony from our colleagues.
    I look forward to hearing more about the projects and 
programs in the ag appropriations bill that are important to 
your district and to communities across the country. Your input 
will be critical as we work to fund the agencies under this 
subcommittee's jurisdiction.
    I look forward to working with Ranking Member Bishop and 
our subcommittee colleagues to accommodate these priorities as 
best we can as the fiscal year 2026 appropriations process 
moves forward.
    Thank you again for taking time out of your busy schedule 
to speak with us today and bring these issues that are 
important to your community to our attention.
    Ranking Member Bishop, I yield to you for any opening 
remarks you would like to make.
    Mr. Bishop. Thank you, Chairman Harris.
    I am looking forward to hearing testimony from 
Representative Hageman and Representative Flood.
    As often noted, the agencies in our bill conduct vital work 
that touch the lives of every single American every day. We 
look forward to hearing your thoughts on the programs and 
issues that affect your constituents. And your input, of 
course, is very valuable as we draft the fiscal year 2026 bill.
    So I want to thank you for taking your time to speak to us 
today, and we appreciate your interest in the work of our 
subcommittee.
    And, with that, Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Mr. Harris. Thank you very much.
    Mr. Harris. Representative Hageman, you are recognized.
                              ----------                              

                                           Tuesday, April 29, 2025.

                                WITNESS

THE HON. HARRIET HAGEMAN, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE 
    OF WYOMING
    Ms. Hageman. Chairman Harris, Ranking Member Bishop, thank 
you for the opportunity to testify before you today.
    As you begin the fiscal year 2026 appropriations process, I 
encourage you to block the USDA from enforcing its recent 
regulation mandating electronic identification, or EID, eartags 
on cattle and bison moving interstate.
    Ending this unlawful mandate and destructive policy is one 
of my constituents' top priorities, along with thousands of 
ranchers and cattlemen across America, especially those 
independent and family-owned operations that make up the heart 
of the American West and our Nation's food supply.
    On November 5, 2024, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection 
Service's final rule, ``Use of Electronic Identification 
Eartags as Official Identification in Cattle and Bison,'' went 
into effect. The rule amends the 2013 Animal Disease 
Traceability Rule to mandate EID eartags for cattle and bison 
that move across State lines.
    Not only does USDA lack the authority to enforce such a 
mandate, but it ignored the devastating repercussions of this 
flawed policy and failed to follow the proper regulatory 
process. Such repercussions include the destruction of 
thousands of small businesses and accelerated vertical 
integration of our food supply.
    For States like Wyoming that lack major meat-processing 
facilities, most livestock will be moved across State lines at 
some point during the lifecycle to access the market. This 
subjects my constituents to this rule while arbitrarily 
excluding their competitors in those States with packing 
operations.
    In its 2013 ADT rule, the USDA estimated that the cost of a 
nationwide RFID system would be between $1.2 billion and $1.9 
billion, yet USDA estimates that the current rule would cost 
just $26.1 million annually.
    This sleight of hand was achieved by considering only the 
cost of the eartags themselves, ignoring all related compliance 
costs, including for wands, software, hardware, retrofitting of 
infrastructure, and labor to implement a functioning EID 
system.
    They also included only 11 percent of the regulated 
community, thereby nullifying their claim that this rule is 
about disease traceability, with USDA itself admitting that it 
must have 70-percent compliance for it to work for that 
purpose.
    I appreciate that over the last 2 years this subcommittee 
has sought to shield U.S. ranchers from the cost burden of this 
rule by providing $15 million to the agency for implementation. 
Unfortunately, those efforts have not protected the rancher, by 
no fault of this subcommittee. The underlying policy itself is 
flawed, and there are simply no means to match the end to its 
purported achievements.
    In November, as the regulated community was preparing for 
the rule to take effect, State veterinarians were already 
reporting a shortage of EID tags. This shortage continues to 
plague the system, forcing ranchers to buy more expensive tags 
or be noncompliant with the rule.
    Throughout the rulemaking process, including in response to 
comments received about the proposed rule, USDA assured the 
regulated community that the eartag manufacturers were prepared 
to meet this mandate. Yet the shortage persists, with States as 
recently as last week running out of tags and having to create 
backorder lists for producers who are now in violation.
    Government mandates never result in decreasing the cost or 
increasing the supply of the mandated product, and the EID 
situation is no exception. Tag prices have skyrocketed, meaning 
the faulty $26.1 million cost estimate is even more absurd as 
compared to the true cost.
    If all this weren't bad enough, I reiterate that the USDA 
does not possess the authority for such a rule. The EID final 
rule cites the Animal Health Protection Act. Congress, however, 
did not empower USDA to use the AHPA to impose such a mandate.
    The law also includes no provision allowing the USDA to 
impose criminal or civil penalties regarding violations of AHPA 
regulations, meaning it does not have the authority to 
implement the rule other than through the most extreme form of 
enforcement possible, which is denying access to the interstate 
cattle and bison markets, thereby essentially forcing 
bankruptcy for noncompliance.
    For this very reason and others, the rule is under an 
active legal challenge. These policy shortcomings are a result 
of a regulatory development malpractice.
    After determining the rule to be significant for regulatory 
flexibility purposes and that a majority of the regulated 
community would be small businesses, the USDA dismissed the 
rule's impact on small businesses based on outdated data and 
failed to conduct a legally required RFA analysis. It failed 
entirely to conduct a federalism analysis, even though States 
have their own laws regarding animal traceability, and rigged 
the cost analysis, as I discussed earlier.
    These legal and good-governance violations are endemic to 
the rule--a rule, mind you, that is a solution in search of a 
problem. The U.S. produces the healthiest and highest-quality 
livestock and meat in the world.
    At its core, this rule was advocated for and drafted by Big 
Ag, the packers, and the eartag manufacturing companies--those 
corporate interests with the most to gain from this government 
mandate and who wanted Federal subsidies to implement a system 
that the independent and small producers do not want and cannot 
afford.
    The result? Massive harm to the American cattleman, further 
perpetuating distrust of Washington, D.C., and the USDA.
    In the face of the rule's continued operational failure, 
now is the time to act, and I urge your subcommittee to address 
this issue in the fiscal year 2026 appropriations bill.
    Thank you, and I would await any questions.
    [The information follows:]
    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    
    Mr. Harris. Thank you very much, Congresswoman, for the 
testimony.
    So let me ask a couple of things.
    One is, when you said it includes 11 percent of the 
regulated communities, that is because--is that all that 
travels interstate? Or where does that----
    Ms. Hageman. In part, yes, it is----
    Mr. Harris. Right.
    Ms. Hageman [continuing]. Because in States like Kansas, 
Texas, Ohio, Iowa, and Nebraska, they have packers.
    Mr. Harris. Right.
    Ms. Hageman. In States like Wyoming, we do not have any big 
packers.
    Mr. Harris. Right.
    So this is all for protection against disease, but, in 
essence--and I know from training as a physician, if you want 
to protect against disease, you have to protect the entire 
community. And what you are saying is, they are only targeting 
11 percent. And it is in States where--some of the States like 
yours, where there are no packers, where you have to go 
interstate.
    Ms. Hageman. That is exactly right.
    Mr. Harris. Right.
    Ms. Hageman. It is incrementalism at its best.
    Mr. Harris. Right.
    Ms. Hageman. They knew that the cost of this would be so 
astronomical--as I said, over a decade ago, they estimated the 
cost would be between, at that time, $1.2 billion to $1.9 
billion. They knew that that would absolutely shock the 
conscience of everybody involved in the industry, so what they 
have done is they have tried to slice it and dice it so that 
they can minimize what the cost is.
    So, even by their own numbers, if they covered 100 percent 
of the market, it is a $250 million regulation. Because they 
say for 11 percent it is $26.1 million. That doesn't even cover 
the cost right now, and we already have a shortage of the 
eartags. And so, by their own numbers, it is a quarter-billion-
dollar regulation.
    And now they are going to start trying to ramp it up and 
try to cover more so that they actually get the disease-
traceability mechanism in place.
    Mr. Harris. Right.
    And, now, pardon my ignorance on this, but don't most 
cattle have an eartag already?
    Ms. Hageman. They already have eartags. We----
    Mr. Harris. Right.
    Ms. Hageman [continuing]. Have backtags. We have tattoos. 
We have brands. Our disease-traceability system----
    Mr. Harris. That is what I thought. So you could trace it; 
it is just that it will involve something other than an 
electronic----
    Ms. Hageman. That is exactly right.
    Mr. Harris [continuing]. Media trace, right?
    Ms. Hageman. Right. But we already have it an incredibly 
effective disease-traceability system in place, and we have for 
well over 100 years.
    Mr. Harris. And, finally, from what I read, beef production 
is kind of at a low. Beef prices--and I do the grocery 
shopping----
    Ms. Hageman. Yes.
    Mr. Harris [continuing]. Are pretty darn high.
    Ms. Hageman. Yes.
    Mr. Harris. And what it sounds like is that this rule would 
actually decrease beef production further, because some 
cattlemen would go out of business, and increase prices even 
more.
    Ms. Hageman. Vertical integration is what they are after. 
And as I have indicated, when--I have been involved in this 
rulemaking, actually, for over 6 years now, so I am intimately 
familiar with how this came to be. The main drivers are your 
eartag manufacturing companies, as you can expect, the packers, 
and the big guys.
    And Michigan has already adopted an EID mandate, and they 
are substantially ahead of the rest of the country in terms of 
reducing their small--what they refer to as their small 
producers. They define a small producer as 500 cattle or less. 
And their cattle industry has just really cratered since they 
adopted an EID mandate because they are vertically integrating 
because of the additional cost associated with the EID 
requirements.
    Mr. Harris. And, finally, is the current administration 
actually enforcing this at this point?
    Ms. Hageman. Well, you can't--they are red-tagging cattle. 
So it is almost automatic, because when you are trying to sell 
your cattle across--or your bison across State line, they are 
red-tagging cattle. So, yes, in that there is the shortage of 
the eartags.
    One of the other wrinkles in this, because it does cover 
bison: Tribes are some of our biggest producers of bison in the 
United States. Our Tribes, especially out West, this is one of 
their economic drivers. They don't view bison as livestock; 
they view them as wildlife.
    And so this actually applies to bison as well. I would 
challenge some of the folks here in Washington, D.C., who 
adopted this rule to go out on the ranches in Wyoming and try 
to tag some of the ears on those bison. You know, you don't 
handle them the way that you do cattle.
    Mr. Harris. No. That is right.
    Ms. Hageman. Yet this rule applies to our bison industry as 
well. So our Tribal members have also opposed this regulation 
because of what it does to them, what it does to their mandate, 
in terms of running their operations.
    Mr. Harris. Right. And I know that is true because we had a 
bison producer in my district and they had to bring their 
cattle to Pennsylvania to be slaughtered because we didn't have 
a local processing----
    Ms. Hageman. That is right.
    Mr. Harris. And, finally, how can we solve this problem in 
the short term? Because if we put this in an appropriations 
bill, let's be honest, we are probably not going to get action 
until the fall. But this sounds like it is an immediate problem 
right now. So what can be done immediately?
    Ms. Hageman. So I have introduced bills to nullify the rule 
as well, as standalone bills.
    Mr. Harris. Uh-huh.
    Ms. Hageman. But we also want to stop them from having the 
financing available to implement this regulation.
    So I am continuing to push back against this, and I am also 
working with the administration to see if we can get some 
relief from this regulation, because it is astronomically 
expensive.
    And, also, just handling the cattle, you know, having to 
run them through the chute--you can tell from reading this that 
the people who put this together do not handle livestock. They 
don't know how we brand; they don't know, you know, when we put 
our cattle through the chute.
    We don't handle our cattle very often. You know, they are 
out in the pasture. This is not something where you are running 
cattle through your chute every day so that you have the 
ability to do this. Once you brand your cattle when they are 
young, you don't generally handle them again until you are 
going to ship them for the next stage.
    So we are a--I grew up on a cow-calf operation. And you 
will do your work in the spring after they calve, and then you 
don't handle them again until you ship them in the fall when 
they go out on pasture or go into a feedlot.
    So, even that, they are adding steps to the entire process 
of livestock and meat production.
    Mr. Harris. Well, thank you very much. Thank you for your 
passion on that.
    Ranking Member Bishop, do you have a question?
    Mr. Bishop. No, I appreciate your passion for this. But you 
agree that the motive behind the regulation was the health, 
safety, and welfare of the consuming public to be able to track 
cattle in the event of disease?
    Ms. Hageman. Well, I am not sure that I can agree with 
that. I----
    Mr. Bishop. I am sorry?
    Ms. Hageman. I am not sure that I can agree with that. And 
the reason that I say that is because I know what has happened 
in other countries that adopted an EID mandate.
    An example is, in Denmark they adopted an EID mandate, and 
a year ago they imposed a $100-a-head tax onto all cattle, not 
because of a disease outbreak but because of global warming.
    Mr. Bishop. Because of what?
    Ms. Hageman. Because of global warming, climate change.
    Mr. Bishop. Uh-huh.
    Ms. Hageman. And then the same thing happened in Ireland. 
In Ireland a couple of years ago, they adopted an EID mandate. 
And as of August of 2023, they issued an order--they didn't 
follow through with it, but they issued an order that they had 
to slaughter 41,000 head of cattle in Ireland, not because of a 
disease outbreak but, again, because of climate change.
    So I have real concerns. You know, there was such an outcry 
over that, they didn't do----
    Mr. Bishop. But what does the ID have to do with climate 
change?
    Ms. Hageman. Nothing. Production is what they claim.
    Mr. Bishop. Okay. Okay.
    Ms. Hageman. Nothing. Production.
    And so there is that issue, and then----
    Mr. Bishop. But the ID would help them to number the cattle 
and----
    Ms. Hageman. Yes. So, in order to issue an order like that, 
you have to know where the cattle are and you have to know your 
percentages.
    Mr. Bishop. Uh-huh.
    Ms. Hageman. So let's say Harriet Hageman runs 500 head of 
cattle. They need to know that, and they need to know where 
they are, so that they can say, you have to reduce your herd by 
10 percent.
    Mr. Bishop. Uh-huh.
    Ms. Hageman. And they have to know how many I have. And 
this is the way that they do that.
    So we already have a very robust disease-traceability 
system in place. In fact, you are talking sometimes 24 hours. 
In addition to which, our cattle producers and bison producers 
pay very close attention to their herds because it is their 
livelihood.
    So what I am concerned about is, this is a mechanism that 
can be used for nefarious purposes.
    Other issues associated with it are the fact that we don't 
know how the data is going to be protected. All of this 
information is potentially subject to FOIA, because USDA cannot 
exempt itself from the Freedom of Information Act.
    Mr. Bishop. Is there any reason why it should be protected?
    Ms. Hageman. Yes, because there are people who want to put 
ranchers out of business, again, for the climate change ideas, 
and to try to prevent--especially out West. So, where I come 
from, 48 percent of our surface estate is owned by the Federal 
Government. We have a lot of grazing on BLM and Forest Service 
lands. There are people who would love to remove all cattle off 
of our BLM and Forest Service lands. You know, it used to be, 
``Cattle-free by '93.''
    Mr. Bishop. So they want to control what we eat, huh? They 
want----
    Ms. Hageman. Yes, they do.
    Mr. Bishop [continuing]. To make sure we don't eat beef.
    Ms. Hageman. Yeah.
    So there are some aspirational reasons for the rule; I get 
that. And disease traceability could be one. But, again, this 
is a solution in search of a problem, because we have already 
solved the traceability issue largely.
    This is concentrating the market, vertical integration. And 
I think it will have a very negative impact on our independent 
cattle producers.
    Mr. Bishop. Well, I share your concern about the vertical 
integration.
    Ms. Hageman. Yeah.
    Mr. Bishop. But I really am concerned that we have full 
traceability----
    Ms. Hageman. Uh-huh.
    Mr. Bishop [continuing]. Because of the possible outbreak 
of disease. And somehow we need to be able to balance those 
two.
    Ms. Hageman. We do.
    One of the things I would like to see is less imports from 
countries that we know have problems. And I think that if we 
start addressing it from that standpoint, we could actually be 
more effective at preventing the importation of some of the 
diseases that we eradicated in the United States many, many 
years ago.
    Mr. Bishop. Uh-huh.
    Ms. Hageman. So I think that we need to be looking at our 
entire food supply chain in that regard, but the imports can 
also be a problem.
    Mr. Bishop. Absolutely. And, of course, we have to have the 
personnel there to be able to conduct that screening when they 
come in.
    Ms. Hageman. Uh-huh. Yes.
    Mr. Bishop. Thank you very much. I appreciate your 
testimony----
    Ms. Hageman. Thank you.
    Mr. Bishop [continuing]. And appreciate your appearing 
before the subcommittee.
    Ms. Hageman. Thank you.
    Mr. Harris. Thank you.
    Ms. Underwood.
    Ms. Underwood. Well, thank you, Congresswoman Hageman, for 
coming in today.
    I just found the discussion about protecting data to be so 
interesting, given the way that we have seen data accessed in 
other agencies and there doesn't seem to be that same kind of 
passion or outcry--not necessarily specific to you, but just in 
general.
    And so I hope that, as we have the opportunity to protect 
all patient data, we take the opportunity to do that----
    Ms. Hageman. Uh-huh.
    Ms. Underwood [continuing]. Whether it is our reproductive 
data, as within this committee's jurisdiction, or otherwise.
    I yield back.
    Ms. Hageman. Thank you.
    Mr. Harris. Thank you very much.
    Ms. Hageman. Thank you.
    Mr. Harris. And thank you.
    Mr. Harris. Mr. Flood, you are recognized.
                              ----------                              

                                           Tuesday, April 29, 2025.

                                WITNESS

THE HON. MIKE FLOOD, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF 
    NEBRASKA
    Mr. Flood. Chairman Harris, Ranking Member Bishop, members 
of the subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity to share 
exciting updates about an important project to my district and 
the next generation of United States agriculture.
    Specifically, I would like to call your attention to a 
project that should be very familiar to the subcommittee: the 
United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research 
Service National Center for Resilient and Regenerative 
Precision Agriculture.
    This co-located facility at the University of Nebraska-
Lincoln and an adjacent public-private ag-tech accelerator will 
anchor a national network comprised of ARS and land-grant 
universities committed to addressing one of the most critical 
science gaps to advancing innovation in American agriculture.
    I want to begin by thanking the subcommittee for their 
support of this project in previous appropriations packages. I 
was extremely pleased to see the subcommittee meet the full 
funding ask and recognize the important need for investments in 
cutting-edge agriculture.
    Now we must keep the momentum to secure significant 
construction funds in fiscal year 2026 in light of prior 
continuing resolutions and as inflationary escalation costs 
continue to rise.
    Congress appropriated $11.2 million for planning and design 
in fiscal year 2021, $20 million for construction in fiscal 
year 2022, $25 million for construction in fiscal year 2024, 
and an additional $16 million was included in fiscal year 2025.
    The first phase of construction, which was slated to begin 
in 2024, that is now building 15,000 square feet of greenhouse 
and 10,000 square feet of headhouse space and will connect with 
the existing Greenhouse Innovation Center.
    The second phase of construction, which will commence when 
Congress appropriates all funds, will go towards constructing a 
120,000-square-foot, four-story laboratory and office building 
on the Nebraska Innovation Campus in Lincoln, Nebraska.
    ARS will utilize these new facilities for scientists and 
staff in the two existing research units, on agroecosystem 
management and on wheat, sorghum, and forage, and two new 
research units, on water, climate, and resilience and on 
precision production. Ultimately, USDA expects to double its 
science and support staff presence in Lincoln at this new 
complex.
    Last May, the University of Nebraska hosted a 
groundbreaking ceremony for phase one, which I enjoyed 
attending. Members of the Nebraska congressional delegation 
were there. University leadership, stakeholders--everybody was 
there to support this facility.
    Precision ag is a key piece of Nebraska's ag fabric, and it 
makes sense that this project has found its home in the 
Cornhuskers State. A January 2024 GAO report showed Nebraska is 
at the forefront of utilization and adoption of precision-ag 
technology and practices. And the report showed Nebraska is 
second in the Nation in the use of precision-agriculture 
practices by U.S. farms, with 55 percent of Nebraska producers 
using ag tools.
    I could go on and on and on about the benefits of this 
program.
    I want to thank the subcommittee for its past support. This 
was started by my predecessor, Congressman Fortenberry. It was 
very important to him. And by virtue of his efforts and 
leadership on this, I wanted to continue this and see this 
through.
    And, with that, I thank you for the opportunity to present 
to you.
    [The information follows:]
    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    
    Mr. Harris. Thank you very much.
    What is the total budget going to be for that second phase? 
Like, how close are we to getting to the total before they 
build the construction of it?
    Mr. Flood. I think we are technically at $60 million now, 
and we are on our way to $120 million. And then there are State 
funds on top of that. So we are really $60 million away.
    Mr. Harris. About $60 million.
    And, last year, that $16 million that was included 
obviously was deferred, I guess, because of the continuing 
resolution. So that $60 million would include last year's--or, 
no, it doesn't----
    Mr. Flood. It would not include that. So we got $25 million 
in fiscal year 2024.
    Mr. Harris. Right. And $20 million in 2022.
    Mr. Flood. And $11.2 in 2021.
    Mr. Harris. Okay. So you would be about halfway there.
    Mr. Flood. Right.
    Mr. Harris. And what is the cost share with the other 
funders that you indicated?
    Mr. Flood. I believe the University of Nebraska and the 
State government is in at $30 million.
    Mr. Harris. Okay. So we are getting there.
    All right. Well, thank you very much.
    Mr. Bishop.
    Mr. Bishop. Thank you very much. I appreciate your coming 
in support of the project. I am familiar with it. I worked for 
some time with Mr. Fortenberry to try to get it funded. It was 
very important to him and to the area and to the industry, so 
we certainly have been supportive of it.
    I am hopeful that in the reconciliation process and as we 
craft the budget that it will not be among those items that are 
cut, because I think it was a worthwhile project, and I hope 
that we can continue to fund it to completion.
    Mr. Flood. Thank you, Mr. Bishop.
    Mr. Harris. Thank you very much.
    Thank you, Mr. Flood.
    Mr. Bishop, do you have any closing remarks?
    Mr. Bishop. Yes. I just want to thank Representatives 
Hageman and Flood for testifying before the subcommittee today. 
I appreciate the time that they took to come and share with us, 
and we appreciate the information. It is vital as we craft our 
bill.
    So thank you very much.
    Mr. Harris. Thank you.
    And I want to thank everybody who attended today to tell us 
more about the programs important to their State and their 
district.
    I will say that I know that we are going to get requests 
for a lot of funding, and I wish more Members had come, as Mr. 
Flood and Ms. Hageman have done, and, you know, informed the 
committee as we make those decisions.
    But it has certainly been helpful information. We will 
certainly keep your comments and priorities in mind as we move 
through the fiscal year 2026 appropriations process.
    The subcommittee stands adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 10:55 a.m., the subcommittee was adjourned.]
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Flood, Hon. Mike.................................................    11
    Prepared statement...........................................    13
Hageman, Hon. Harriet............................................     2
    Prepared statement...........................................     4
McCollum, Hon. Betty.............................................
    Prepared statement...........................................    19

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