[House Hearing, 119 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                   DEPARTMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION, AND
                   HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND
                RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS FOR 2026
_______________________________________________________________________

                                 HEARINGS

                                 BEFORE A

                           SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE

                       COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

                         HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                     ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                              FIRST SESSION
                              ______________

          SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE DEPARTMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION, AND
          HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND RELATED AGENCIES

                     STEVE WOMACK, Arkansas, Chairman

  HAROLD ROGERS, Kentucky		JAMES E. CLYBURN, South Carolina,
  JOHN H. RUTHERFORD, Florida		  Ranking Member
  TONY GONZALES, Texas			MIKE QUIGLEY, Illinois
  RYAN K. ZINKE, Montana		BONNIE WATSON COLEMAN, New Jersey
  JUAN CISCOMANI, Arizona		NORMA J. TORRES, California
  DAVE P. JOYCE, Ohio			PETE AGUILAR, California
  STEPHANIE I. BICE, Oklahoma,		ADRIANO ESPAILLAT, New York
    Vice Chair
  DALE W. STRONG, Alabama

  NOTE: Under committee rules, Mr. Cole, as chairman of the full 
committee, and Ms. DeLauro, as ranking
minority member of the full committee, are authorized to sit as members 
of all subcommittees.

                       Doug Disrud, Avery Pierson,
                  Andrew Giacini, and Nathan Silverstein
                            Subcommittee Staff
                            __________________

                                  PART 2
                                                                   Page
  Federal Aviation Administration................................     1
  U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development...............    61

[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                            ___________________

          Printed for the use of the Committee on Appropriations

                    U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE
  61-855	             WASHINGTON : 2026
_______________________________________________________________________

                   HOUSE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

                                ----------                              
                      TOM COLE, Oklahoma, Chairman

  HAROLD ROGERS, Kentucky,
    Chairman Emeritus
  ROBERT B. ADERHOLT, Alabama
  MICHAEL K. SIMPSON, Idaho
  JOHN R. CARTER, Texas
  KEN CALVERT, California
  MARIO DIAZ-BALART, Florida
  STEVE WOMACK, Arkansas
  CHARLES J. ``CHUCK'' FLEISCHMANN,
    Tennessee
  DAVID P. JOYCE, Ohio
  ANDY HARRIS, Maryland
  MARK E. AMODEI, Nevada
  DAVID G. VALADAO, California
  DAN NEWHOUSE, Washington
  JOHN R. MOOLENAAR, Michigan
  JOHN H. RUTHERFORD, Florida
  BEN CLINE, Virginia
  GUY RESCHENTHALER, Pennsylvania
  ASHLEY HINSON, Iowa
  TONY GONZALES, Texas
  JULIA LETLOW, Louisiana
  MICHAEL CLOUD, Texas
  MICHAEL GUEST, Mississippi
  RYAN K. ZINKE, Montana
  ANDREW S. CLYDE, Georgia
  STEPHANIE I. BICE, Oklahoma
  SCOTT FRANKLIN, Florida
  JAKE ELLZEY, Texas
  JUAN CISCOMANI, Arizona
  CHUCK EDWARDS, North Carolina
  MARK ALFORD, Missouri
  NICK LaLOTA, New York
  DALE W. STRONG, Alabama
  CELESTE MALOY, Utah
  RILEY M. MOORE, West Virginia

  ROSA L. DeLAURO, Connecticut,
    Ranking Member
  STENY H. HOYER, Maryland
  MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio
  JAMES E. CLYBURN, South Carolina
  SANFORD D. BISHOP, Jr., Georgia
  BETTY McCOLLUM, Minnesota
  DEBBIE WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Florida
  HENRY CUELLAR, Texas
  CHELLIE PINGREE, Maine
  MIKE QUIGLEY, Illinois
  GRACE MENG, New York
  MARK POCAN, Wisconsin
  PETE AGUILAR, California
  LOIS FRANKEL, Florida
  BONNIE WATSON COLEMAN, New Jersey
  NORMA J. TORRES, California
  ED CASE, Hawaii
  ADRIANO ESPAILLAT, New York
  JOSH HARDER, California
  LAUREN UNDERWOOD, Illinois
  SUSIE LEE, Nevada
  JOSEPH D. MORELLE, New York
  MIKE LEVIN, California
  MADELEINE DEAN, Pennsylvania
  VERONICA ESCOBAR, Texas
  FRANK J. MRVAN, Indiana
  MARIE GLUESENKAMP PEREZ,
    Washington
  GLENN IVEY, Maryland

                Susan Ross, Chief Clerk and Staff Director

                                   (II)
 
   DEPARTMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION, HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND 
                RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS FOR 2026

                              ----------                              

                                           Wednesday, June 4, 2025.

                    FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

                                WITNESS

MR. CHRIS ROCHELEAU, ACTING ADMINISTRATOR, FEDERAL AVIATION 
    ADMINISTRATION
    Mr. Womack. This hearing will come to order. It is 10 
o'clock. And as per our disciplined approach, we like to start 
things on time around here. I know that runs a bit counter to 
some of the other activities of the Congress, but not here.
    Today we welcome testimony from Chris Rocheleau, Acting 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.
    Administrator Rocheleau, thank you for joining us today as 
we review the FAA's budget request for the coming fiscal year.
    We have seen air travel rebound since the pandemic with 
passenger numbers now consistently exceeding pre-pandemic 
levels across our aviation system.
    Aviation remains a critical driver of economic growth. 
Commercial aviation contributes more than a trillion dollars to 
our economy, and new technologies promise to deliver more 
opportunities while improving the quality of life for all 
Americans.
    I am particularly excited to see how advancements in the 
aviation sector provide more opportunities in areas of high 
growth, like the district that I represent in northwest 
Arkansas.
    However, rapid growth brings challenges, and we have seen 
that very subject in the last few months. We must acknowledge 
the recent aviation accidents that have renewed scrutiny of our 
safety systems. The tragic crash that occurred on January 29 at 
Reagan National is still fresh on our minds--a sobering 
reminder of the real-life consequences when multiple parts of 
our National Airspace System falter.
    Incidents like this, along with the Alaska Airlines door 
plug failure, multiple near misses in the air and on the 
ground, and a slew of general aviation accidents, make it clear 
that our work to strengthen oversight, training, and 
coordination is far from finished. Safety must remain our 
shared, unyielding priority.
    Our airspace is becoming more crowded and more complex. The 
infrastructure we rely on is reaching the end of its useful 
life.
    This committee must take a hard look at how we fund the 
maintenance and replacement of infrastructure and equipment 
that create the backbone of our aviation system. We must work 
together to ensure that all aviation can flourish while 
maintaining the highest possible standards of safety and 
efficiency for the millions of passengers who fly every day.
    Your extensive aviation experience will be vital as we 
navigate these issues together. I know a safe and efficient 
National Airspace System is your number one priority. It is 
also ours.
    The President's request for FAA is $22 billion, a 5 percent 
increase above the enacted 2025 level, with much of the 
increase going toward operations and facilities and equipment, 
including your new Project LIFT, which I am sure you will tell 
us about in your testimony.
    However, this budget doesn't contemplate the scale of 
improvements Secretary Duffy has announced that are necessary. 
More detail and information will be required for us to fully 
consider this eventual request. We cannot repeat the NextGen 
boondoggle where we allowed a program to drag on for decades 
while technology outpaced its implementation.
    If this committee is asked to consider additional funding, 
with the expectation the FAA can complete procurement or 
deployment through innovative contracts, the FAA must do better 
than it did under IIJA. From that bill, $2.5 billion for 
facilities and equipment remains unobligated.
    Mr. Rocheleau, as we develop our 2026 bill, I intend to 
work with you, your colleagues at the FAA, and Secretary Duffy, 
along with the aviation community, to ensure that we continue 
to support the safest, most complex aviation system in the 
world.
    Mr. Administrator, I look forward to our discussion today 
and hearing from you about the FAA's current and pending work. 
We want to know how you plan to modernize the air traffic 
system, address staffing challenges, and encourage safety 
advancements and innovation. I am confident that we can work 
together to support the critical missions of the Federal 
Aviation Administration.
    Now I would like to recognize my good friend and the 
ranking member from South Carolina, Mr. Clyburn, for his 
opening remarks.
    Mr. Clyburn. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.
    And welcome, Acting Administrator Rocheleau. I want to 
thank you for your service as you assume leadership of the FAA 
under very difficult circumstances.
    The purpose of today's hearing is to examine how the FAA is 
using its current resources and the proposed fiscal year 2026 
funding to advance aviation safety.
    As Chair Womack just mentioned, last month we had an 
opportunity to discuss with Secretary Duffy some of the 
administration's proposed investments to modernize the air 
traffic control system.
    The discussion centered around the air traffic control 
modernization plan released last month by this administration. 
While the plan is a great conversation starter, it ignores the 
realities of cuts to FAA's staff, fair competition, overall 
cost, and most importantly, how we pay for it.
    The FAA's 2026 budget request provides nominal increases to 
backfill the air traffic controller workforce and sustain the 
FAA's aging facilities and technology, all of which I support.
    While there are proposed resources set aside for 
modernizing the FAA, I am concerned that they come at the 
expense of advancing FAA's aviation safety research, 
engineering, and development programs, which are essential 
investments to determine the best modernization and safety 
solutions for the National Airspace System.
    And though the 2026 budget request proposes hiring up to 
2,500 new air traffic controllers, it does not consider 
challenges with academy success or retention rates and early 
retirements among our existing controllers workforce.
    Meanwhile, with the constant shifts in tariffs, America is 
losing the confidence of our partners to deliver and improve 
the air traffic control system and cost-effective aviation 
manufacturing.
    American businesses, including manufacturers and suppliers, 
face uncertainty and increased costs as they are left in the 
dark. Thousands of jobs, many in high-skilled manufacturing and 
engineering, depend on the ability of United States aircraft 
manufacturers and suppliers to access global markets on fair 
and reliable terms. This is especially true for manufacturing 
in my own district and home State of South Carolina.
    Our aviation supply air system requires certainty from our 
global partners and the trust that we can deliver state of the 
art transportation and airports.
    Mr. Secretary, I strongly support robust investments in 
aviation, but we need to know that the administration's 
supplemental air traffic control plan and budget request is 
backed by action and based on current realities.
    I remain concerned that we have yet to see the full 
potential of existing FAA resources being used to address our 
most immediate threats brought forward by aging technology and 
staffing shortfalls at the FAA.
    Mr. Chairman, it is our duty on this subcommittee to 
continue helping the FAA modernize the air traffic control 
system, and in a year where we need to see more robust 
investments in FAA my hope is that it does not come at the 
expense of strengthening safety for other modes of 
transportation or keeping our seniors and working families 
housed.
    I look forward to learning more about how we can work 
together to support the advancement of the FAA. I look forward 
to hearing your testimony and yield the balance of my time.
    And I yield back.
    Mr. Womack. Thank you, Mr. Clyburn.
    We are joined today by the overall chairman of the House 
Appropriations Committee, my good friend, Tom Cole, even though 
he is still writhing a little bit in pain from a pair of very 
difficult losses by the Oklahoma Sooners this weekend in 
baseball and softball, though your gymnastics program is still 
world class.
    The Chairman. Thunder looks pretty good too.
    Mr. Womack. And Thunder is not bad, yeah.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for joining us today, and I will 
recognize you for any opening comments you would like to make.
    The Chairman. Well, thank you. And since you brought up an 
unrelated matter, I just want to explain those two untimely 
losses by our OU women.
    We had won the World Series four consecutive times. Of 
course, it is hosted in Oklahoma City. And so we got the team 
together and said, if we win every year, they are just going to 
quit coming. So maybe we need to lighten up, let somebody else 
slip through once, and then you young ladies--because it is a 
pretty new team. Six new starters out of nine. We graduated a 
class that had won the championship every single year they were 
in college. So we are going to let Texas Tech or Texas enjoy 
one and then they will come back and we will start all over 
again.
    But thank you. I am awfully proud of those young women. 
They are amazing.
    First, thank you, Mr. Chairman. I appreciate it, Chairman 
Womack.
    And thank you, Ranking Member Clyburn.
    Welcome, Administrator Rocheleau, and thank you for coming 
before us today and, honestly, for your decades of public 
service in uniform and as a career civil servant as well. We 
appreciate it. And in the private sector. But you have been 
around aviation for a long time, done a lot of great things for 
our country, and I think you were a superb appointment.
    As we start the fiscal year, Mr. Administrator, I am 
focused on providing effective fiscal support to the FAA. We 
know you need resources to ensure the safety of our national 
airspace, support American manufacturers and innovators, and 
invest in infrastructure that improves the efficiency and 
reliability of our aviation system.
    This subcommittee will support your efforts as we develop 
our fiscal year 2026 budget. This will include addressing some 
of our aging air traffic infrastructure that is no longer 
sustainable in its current form and could become an operational 
risk.
    I will reiterate what Chairman Womack stated earlier: Our 
commitment to safety and security will be steadfast and 
unified.
    We will begin to do this within the confines of the 
President's budget while we wait to receive your broader air 
traffic control proposal.
    Now, as you know, air traffic infrastructure isn't the only 
challenging aspect of our National Airspace System. Personnel 
levels are also a systemic concern, and in particular the men 
and women who control our skies that are trained at the sole 
FAA Academy, located in Oklahoma City.
    The training provided in Oklahoma City is unmatched, and I 
appreciated having the opportunity to speak with you several 
weeks ago about your efforts to improve the completion rate of 
the talented students who attend the academy.
    As we discussed, the academy must be successful, and to be 
successful it must be properly resourced with the latest 
technology and the best instructors.
    In fiscal year 2024, while I was privileged to be the 
chairman of this subcommittee, I worked to ensure the academy 
received a significant increase for air traffic and technical 
operations training enhancements to strengthen the air traffic 
control system for our trainees.
    This committee also ensured that in our final fiscal year 
2025 appropriation, we provided funding to train an additional 
2,000 air traffic controllers, and I understand your budget 
request for fiscal year 2026 contemplates pushing that number 
potentially to as high as 2,500.
    As we advance the fiscal year 2026 appropriation, I look 
forward to working with you and the administration and my 
colleagues on both sides of the aisle to fund critical safety 
missions and transportation infrastructure needs for the 
country.
    With that, let me just add, this is a genuinely bipartisan 
subcommittee. All of us are in the skies together. We all have 
friends and family that are flying. We all are concerned about 
rail safety. We are concerned about road safety.
    And so I don't find much partisan division here. It is 
really more about figuring out, as Mr. Clyburn said, the 
ranking member, what is the right thing to do here? What are 
the investments we should be making? And for that we are going 
to rely very heavily on your judgment and your recommendations, 
and one way or another, we are going to make the investments 
that we need to make.
    Again, I don't like to look at what we did in 2024 and 2025 
as kind of one-hit wonders. They need to be a sustained process 
of investment and improvement that is going to stretch over a 
number of years.
    And I couldn't be prouder of the members of this 
subcommittee on both sides of the aisle, because I know they 
have got that kind of commitment. I have worked with a lot of 
them in different capacities before.
    So I think we have the opportunity in this subcommittee to 
do something really significant to improve the lives of the 
American people and the safety of the American people, and I 
think it is something we can do in a bipartisan fashion. So we 
look forward to your leadership and your cooperation in helping 
our committee get to where it needs to go.
    With that, Mr. Chairman, I will yield back.
    Mr. Womack. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I associate myself 
with your remarks. It is a shared responsibility and we have a 
lot of work to do to ensure the safety of the flying public.
    Mr. Rocheleau, your full written testimony will be inserted 
into the record. The chair will now recognize you for your 
opening comments before we move to questions and answers.

                  STATEMENT OF CHRIS ROCHELEAU

    Mr. Rocheleau. Thank you, sir.
    Chairman Cole, Chairman Womack, Ranking Member Clyburn, and 
members of the subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity to 
discuss the Administration's Fiscal Year 2026 budget request 
for the Federal Aviation Administration.
    The FAA's mission is to provide the safest, most efficient 
aerospace system in the world. To fulfill this ongoing 
responsibility, the President's budget invests in the future of 
the National Airspace System--or as we refer to it, the NAS--by 
requesting $22 billion in the 2026 fiscal year. When coupled 
with the $5 billion in previously enacted advance annual 
appropriations, this $27 billion commitment will enable the FAA 
to fund critical investments needed to keep pace with industry 
and enhance the safety and efficiency of our National Airspace 
System.
    As part of the Administration's broader modernization 
effort to build a state of the art air traffic control system, 
the FAA is requesting a historic $4 billion for our Facilities 
and Equipment account to enable the agency to address emerging 
challenges and technological advancements while preserving the 
integrity of longstanding capabilities.
    The President's budget includes a $1 billion request to 
accelerate the modernization of the FAA's telecommunications 
infrastructure. The current infrastructure is dependent on 
outdated technology, which is facing discontinuance from 
service providers and serves as a significant operational risk 
to NAS services.
    The agency has pivoted to a new initiative to transition 
rapidly and safely from point-to-point, hardwired circuits into 
a modern Internet Protocol-based telecommunications network.
    This new initiative, spearheaded by Secretary Duffy under 
President Trump's leadership, will ensure longstanding 
stability and the operational efficiency needed to both support 
existing operations and future needs and to meet ever-evolving 
cybersecurity and resiliency requirements.
    The President's budget also requests $450 million to 
initiate the Radar Replacement Program, a multi-year effort to 
replace the FAA's aging radar systems.
    The FAA owns and operates hundreds of radar systems that 
are essential detection and monitoring tools for air traffic 
controllers. These critical systems are facing more frequent 
structural deficiencies and maintenance-related issues as they 
get older, causing increased outages, delays, and risks to the 
system.
    The Radar Replacement Program will invest in more advanced 
radar technology to enhance surveillance capabilities and avoid 
delays for the flying public.
    The FAA is in the midst of a multi-year hiring and training 
surge to ensure we have the level of certified air traffic 
controllers needed to meet current and future traffic demands.
    In February, Secretary Duffy announced our plan to increase 
recruitment of the best and the brightest air traffic 
controllers by streamlining the hiring steps and increasing the 
starting salary for academy trainees by 30 percent.
    This budget request includes $97.3 million to further 
supercharge the controller workforce and train up to 2,500 new 
air traffic controllers in fiscal year 2026.
    To achieve this goal, the FAA is filling every seat at the 
Academy, bolstering the Enhanced Air Traffic Collegiate 
Training Initiative, and offering more opportunities for 
experienced military controllers to join our workforce.
    By addressing the ongoing air traffic controller shortage 
through this multi-pronged approach, the FAA is working to 
improve staffing levels and increase the safety of the NAS.
    Members of the committee, every day the FAA manages more 
than 45,000 flights that connect almost 20,000 U.S. airports, 
and I appreciate the President and the Secretary's strong 
support as I proudly lead the dedicated men and women of the 
FAA.
    This budget request upholds our commitment to maintain the 
safest airspace in the world by investing in our Nation's 
infrastructure and our workforce to meet the challenges of 
tomorrow.
    We look forward to your support in ensuring the United 
States remains a global leader in aviation.
    I thank you for the opportunity to be here today, and I 
look forward to your questions.
    [The information follows:]
    [GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT] 
        
    Mr. Womack. Thank you very much. As I said, your full 
written testimony will be included in the record. And we will 
now begin a period of questions and answers.
    We will, again, enforce a five-minute rule here, so members 
are advised to get as quickly to your questions as you possibly 
can so that you can maximize the amount of time we have 
available.
    I am going to recognize myself for five minutes.
    The House and Senate provided about $3.6 billion in our 
fiscal year 2025 bills. They never got across the finish line. 
So the CR that we are currently under froze this level at $3.2 
billion, I think another reason why we should not be living on 
continuing resolutions. We lose ground.
    Now, the question about sustainability versus 
modernization. Unfortunately, you can't do one exclusively. 
Secretary Duffy has outlined his plans for modernization, but 
you still have to operate a system that you currently have.
    How does that work? And how difficult will it be for us to 
achieve the overall goals of modernization while at the same 
time providing the sustainable safety systems that we currently 
have in place? And how is the FAA best equipped to do that?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Thank you, sir, for the question.
    Our budget request, in fact, incorporates the needs to 
continue to sustain what we have in place today. But, clearly, 
we have seen evidence where the equipment today is, as I stated 
in my testimony, starting to degrade in our ability to operate 
the system, and we see outages and delays associated with that 
equipment.
    I am confident in our ability to maintain the system. In 
fact, I would just share with you all that we had a record-
breaking Memorial Day weekend with respect to our ability to 
manage safely the operations in the National Airspace System.
    And at the same time, it is imperative that we invest in 
the future of our air traffic system. We are spending over 90 
percent of our funding right now just on maintaining, sometimes 
band-aiding some of the equipment that we have.
    And so the Secretary's bold vision, under, obviously, the 
President's direction, is to make sure that we are able to 
build a new air traffic system to manage what we are dealing 
with today and the increase in traffic, safely, and at the same 
time anticipate the needs going forward like drone integration, 
advanced air mobility, and the like.
    The budget that we are proposing today sustains the 
operations that we have and at the same time enables our 
success in the future as we think about the new systems that we 
need to come online.
    Mr. Womack. You mentioned the $4 billion that is in the 
request for facilities and equipment. How much of that is 
strictly sustainability versus how much of that is actually 
going to go toward the overall cost associated with full 
modernization?
    Mr. Rocheleau. You referenced earlier the Project LIFT. One 
billion dollars of our request is going to go directly to 
advancing in an expedited fashion that transition from what we 
call copper wire, or TDM, to an internet protocol-based, or 
fiber optic transition, that will enable the resiliency, the 
efficiency of the system, and the ability to make sure that as 
we increase operations that we will be able to do that in a 
consistent manner without the outages and the struggles that we 
have been facing as we have seen in the news just recently.
    Mr. Womack. Given your time at the FAA, going all the way 
back to nearly the turn of the millennium when we started this 
NextGen project, and we have spent billions of dollars on 
NextGen, how would you grade--and you heard in my testimony or 
in my opening remarks about the fact that we got bogged down 
and the speed of technology was not matching the speed of our 
ability to improve--if you were giving a letter grade to the 
NextGen project, how would you grade it? And how much of that 
$14 billion that we spent on NextGen could have been better 
spent? Put it that way.
    Mr. Rocheleau. I would certainly agree with the premise 
that it could have been better spent. As I think about the 
advancements, today we do have systems in place that NextGen 
generated like Data Comm, which is texting between controllers 
and the pilots. Some of those capabilities came online.
    At the same time, let's recognize that, for a variety of 
reasons, that vision was not fully realized, which is why I 
pivot to what we are trying to do now with this new and bold 
plan.
    When we think about the future, when we think about what we 
are sustaining today and where we need to go with respect to 
new technologies, safety technologies and efficiency 
technologies, this is what we are looking for as we think about 
this new air traffic modernization plan.
    Mr. Womack. You didn't give it a letter grade. But can I 
assume that you are not advocating that it be on the honor 
roll?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir, I can agree to that.
    Mr. Womack. Fair enough.
    Mr. Clyburn.
    Mr. Clyburn. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.
    [Inaudible] which is a relatively small State, but in my 
congressional district you are going to find Shaw Air Force 
Base, headquarters to the Ninth Army--or the Ninth Air Force--
and headquarters to the Third Army. We have the Marine Air 
Station, the Columbia Airport, the Charleston International 
Airport.
    All of those air traffic controllers have been in to visit 
with me about the challenges that they have trying to maintain 
safety with the way things are currently organized or being 
implemented, and they are really concerned about the shortages, 
the resignations, the problem we have getting trained air 
traffic controllers up to snuff.
    How do you plan to do more with less?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I would start by saying I believe the FAA 
can be a more efficient organization. That is the charge to me 
by the Secretary, and I believe we can accomplish that goal. We 
have an amazing, amazing workforce that comes to work every 
day, as I mentioned. During the Memorial Day holiday is one 
example of that.
    But to the center of your question, what we are talking 
about is the ability to continue to sustain what we have today 
and at the same time accelerate, whether it is on the 
controller workforce--and by the way, it is not just the 
controller workforce. We are also talking about maintainers, 
safety inspectors, engineers, all of the people that go into 
our ecosystem to make sure there is a safe and efficient air 
transportation system.
    And while we are looking at the workforce piece of it, we 
are also looking at modernizing the equipment that is so 
essential to what your constituents are talking about with 
respect to safe and efficient airspace in the system.
    We are approaching it from a multi-pronged approach. Part 
of it has to do with the workforce. And, again, supercharging 
the controllers is so critical to our ability to manage the 
traffic we have today and what we expect to see in the future.
    Mr. Clyburn. Well, looking at your plan, I am still trying 
to figure out the budget numbers. And the amount of money being 
requested to do this seems not to line up with the amount of 
work that you have got to do, especially in keeping with all of 
the--or the lack of numbers coming into the system. And I have 
not seen what I consider to be a definitive plan on how you are 
going to increase the number of air traffic controllers. I 
forgot the number. Some ungodly number in terms of the 
shortages that we currently have.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir.
    This year we are projecting to need 2,000 air traffic 
controllers through our system. Just a few months ago we 
realized we may not hit that. Thanks to the Secretary and his 
leadership, we have supercharged that, so we will get 2,000 
people into the training academy--which, by the way, Chairman 
Cole, is a gem for us when we think about what we are talking 
about there in Oklahoma City and the ability to put controllers 
through that system.
    As it relates to the technology plan, again, the billion 
dollars is to make sure that we have that resiliency in the 
fiber optics so that there is good connectivity between the 
facilities themselves, and then the additional moneys would go 
to, in fact, accelerating the Radar Replacement Program.
    When we talk about the larger plan that the Secretary so 
artfully outlines, it is going to be critical that we work with 
Congress to understand, to lay out our plan.
    So going from TDM to IP, from copper wires to fiber optics, 
to new radar replacements, new radios for the controllers so 
they can talk to the pilots, and then, of course, facilities, 
all of those things are going into this approach to modernize 
the airspace system.
    Mr. Clyburn. Well, thank you.
    My time is almost expired, but I would like to know at some 
point, Mr. Chairman, whether or not we plan to utilize those 
colleges and universities to supplement that which I know is 
great training out of Oklahoma City. However, in terms of 
numbers, the volume we need, I think we ought to take a look at 
those colleges and universities.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Womack. I thank the ranking member.
    I now recognize the chairman of the Appropriations 
Committee, Mr. Cole from Oklahoma.
    The Chairman. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.
    And I probably shouldn't say this before I get into my 
questions in front of somebody as shrewd as my friend the 
ranking member, but when I think ahead about negotiations that 
will come if we are going to avoid a CR and get to a successful 
conclusion, I always look, where are the things in common that 
the two sides can set aside differences on and come around? I 
think this is one of those things.
    Mr. Clyburn. Absolutely.
    The Chairman. We are all very interested in what it takes 
to fly safely. It is important commercially. It is much more 
important, obviously, in terms of lives.
    So I would just advise you and advise our former colleague 
to be ready to take advantage of that opportunity down the 
road. This is one where we will work together and try and make 
a significant investment to move us materially toward the goals 
that you have outlined.
    Your budget proposal increases the Facilities and Equipment 
account in order to upgrade the system for air traffic 
facilities. Does your request include improvements at the 
academy to ensure that the students are actually training on 
the equipment that you intend for them to be using in the years 
ahead?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir, it does. In fact, as we talked 
about recently, our effort to supercharge the hiring through 
the academy with controllers, what we have been able to do--
and, again, giving credit to the Secretary for accelerating and 
encouraging us to work hard--we didn't think we were going to 
hit the 2,000 controllers this year. So we have shortened the 
time frame by which we hire those controllers--academy 
attendees--through the system by five months.
    In fact, as a quick story, as we look for the best and 
brightest, we had an individual recently that in 44 days, from 
start to finish, got into the Academy, got an Academy start 
date.
    So that system is really working. Now, that is not going to 
be the case for everyone, but that is encouraging there.
    The budget request we have does, in fact, accommodate and 
consider what we want to do with respect to getting up to 2,500 
people through the Oklahoma City academy this year in addition 
to the enhanced CTI trainings that we are doing with 
universities around the U.S.
    The Chairman. That is terrific.
    Just toward that goal of reaching 2,500, when you and I had 
our visit, we also talked about the failure rate, because we 
lose about a third of those students over the course of their 
studies.
    In some ways you expect that. It is a pretty rigorous, very 
demanding profession. What might look attractive at the 
beginning as you get into it may not be your cup of tea as you 
understand how difficult and challenging this job is.
    But having said that, I am curious about, number one, as 
you stair step up anything additional you need. And, again, I 
am like you, I commend the Secretary for increasing that pay 
and making this a more attractive option for the kind of people 
we want coming there.
    But what are you thinking about doing in addition to help 
those students that are there so that we have a higher success 
rate and don't lose them?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Thank you for the question.
    As part of this initiative, I would highlight two efforts 
that we put in place there.
    First and foremost, in the first roughly five weeks of 
training, there is a basic course--what we will call Air 
Traffic 101--that we do not need certified professional 
controllers to teach.
    And so, there we have an ability to bring in professional 
instructors to help that. So, we are augmenting the instructor 
workforce at the Academy, and we think that will be helpful for 
the evaluation period as people get closer to graduation.
    In addition to that, one of the things that the Secretary 
had heard in his recent visit back to Oklahoma, was that some 
of the students were looking for a little extra time on the 
weekend for training.
    And so we are now offering tutoring on the weekend with the 
use of high-definition simulators, which is going to improve 
the graduation rate probably up to 30 percent. Because at the 
end of the day, to get the throughput, to get the controllers 
to the boards that we need, we want to make sure that that 
failure rate of roughly 35 percent these days, because it is an 
incredibly demanding profession, that we get that down to, say, 
25 percent, maybe even lower than that.
    Through those two initiatives alone, we are trying to make 
sure that we get a better throughput and a better graduation 
rate.
    The Chairman. That is great.
    Well, my time is almost up, and I certainly respect the 
chairman on that. Just one thing: it is not a question, but I 
am sure you are thinking, given the fact that you are going to 
increase, as you implied, the number of instructors. Because if 
we are going to move it up, you have got to have more people on 
the ground. You are comfortable you can do that? And that is 
basically a yes or no.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir.
    The Chairman. Okay. Thank you very much.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Mr. Womack. I thank the gentleman from Oklahoma.
    And not to belabor the point necessarily on air traffic 
control, but it is one thing to get a certified air traffic 
controller, but it is a whole nother thing to certify them or 
to prepare them for whatever assignment they are going to get. 
And that could be a pretty lengthy process as well. Is that 
correct?
    Mr. Rocheleau. That is correct, sir. It can take anywhere 
from two to three years to get a certified professional 
controller through the system and qualified at the facility 
they are going to be working at.
    Mr. Womack. Mrs. Torres.
    Mrs. Torres. Thank you, Chairman.
    And thank you for being here also.
    As I mentioned to Secretary Duffy a few weeks ago, we are 
seeing a troubling rise in near misses, including navigation 
systems shutting down themselves while a plane is attempting to 
land. These are serious close calls that could have ended in 
terrible disasters.
    These aren't isolated incidents. They signal a deeper issue 
with the FAA's ability to provide the strong, consistent safety 
oversight that our aviation system demands.
    Pilots today are operating in increasingly complex 
conditions where even small breakdowns--mechanical issues, 
miscommunication, ground movement risks--can easily escalate a 
situation. It is a lot of stress for them.
    That is why we need an FAA that is fully staffed, well 
supported, and fully focused on its mission. That is protecting 
lives. I assume that continues to be its number one mission.
    Acting Administrator, you recently said in a town hall that 
the FAA will be leaner, and that statement in the current 
environment is a little bit alarming. A leaner FAA raises real 
concerns about the capacity and readiness.
    You took some responsibility for what was missed in the 
recent DCA incident, saying: ``I take that seriously and I take 
that on myself. I returned to the FAA just two months ago and I 
care about the National Airspace System for safety and the 
workforce.''
    I sent you my questions in advance so that there would be 
no concerns or mistakes. What immediate steps is the FAA taking 
to reduce near misses and protect safety on the ground and in 
the air?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Thank you for the question.
    Yes, first and foremost, let me just start by saying the 
system is incredibly safe, and that matters to me personally, 
it matters to my leadership team that I meet with on a weekly 
basis, and it matters to the 45,000 people that come to work 
every day for the FAA.
    As it relates specifically to what we are doing now, as a 
result of the tragic crash of American Airlines 5342 a few 
months ago, we initiated a very aggressive effort to look 
across the Nation for what we refer to internally as hot spots 
at 20 locations around the Nation to ensure that we were 
picking up on the data that we may have missed previously. We 
are using new tools like AI and machine learning.
    Mrs. Torres. But safety incidents, sir, haven't stopped. So 
what can we aggressively change today, yesterday, tomorrow to 
stop these incidents, these near misses?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I will give you three quick examples.
    First and foremost, Las Vegas, Nevada. We identified early 
on that the vertical and lateral boundaries for helicopters and 
fixed-wing (traffic) were not where they needed to be. And 
traffic advisories calling out controllers to pilots to telling 
them about helicopters in the area that was something else we 
did immediately when we identified those issues.
    In the L.A. Basin we are looking at the mix of traffic 
there between helicopters and fixed-wing in some of the more 
dense air traffic areas there.
    And then finally in Alaska, where weather is so important 
to the people in Alaska, we are testing new technologies to 
bring additional satellite weather into that area too.
    Mrs. Torres. Have you raised these concerns with the 
Secretary?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I talk to the Secretary regularly and he has 
impressed upon me----
    Mrs. Torres. But specifically on these issues that you 
identified?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes. Yes, we have.
    Mrs. Torres. Okay. So how is the FAA reassuring our pilots 
and our crews and passengers that every aircraft is held to the 
highest safety standard?
    Mr. Rocheleau. And I really appreciate that, because in 
addition to what we call this hot spots review, we actually had 
a series of engagements with the community.
    The first one was general aviation, business aviation. Then 
we moved to the helicopter community. Then we moved to ramp 
workers to make sure the airport safety on the ground was well 
done. And then we just finished recently with the airlines 
themselves.
    So, we have engaged directly with the operators within the 
system.
    Mrs. Torres. I am very concerned about the software 
mechanics, engineers, whatever we want to call them, the people 
that are working on the system that was launched in the 1970s. 
You can't bring in a modern worker to replace that worker.
    And I think I am out of time. So you and I will continue 
this conversation in the next opportunity.
    And I yield back.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Be happy to.
    Mr. Womack. Thank you.
    Mr. Strong.
    Mr. Strong. Thank you, Chairman Womack and Ranking Member 
Clyburn, for holding this hearing today.
    I would also like to thank the subcommittee staff for their 
hard work. It does not go unnoticed.
    Mr. Rocheleau, thank you for being here today.
    My district in north Alabama is home to Huntsvillle 
International Airport. I am proud to say Huntsville has been 
named the best small airport in the country for the second 
consecutive year.
    Airports can find it difficult to plan long-term 
infrastructure projects when they don't have clarity on funding 
timelines or FAA approvals.
    Mr. Administrator, has the FAA considered establishing 
response deadlines for project approvals, allowing them to move 
forward if no determination is issued within a set time frame?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir. I know by law--and let me just 
say, I have been to Huntsville a number of times, both in the 
Air Force and within the FAA, and it is amazing how Huntsville 
has grown.
    With respect to timelines specifically, reauthorization 
requires that deadline to be 45 days. In addition to that, we 
have the NEPA requirements, which is a year for an 
environmental assessment and then two years for the EIS, the 
environmental impact statement, and we work closely to that 
within the Airports division.
    Mr. Strong. Thank you.
    I serve as the co-chair of the Army Aviation Caucus 
alongside Ranking Member DeLauro. I would like to express my 
deepest sympathies for those impacted by the horrific collision 
at DCA on January the 29th.
    In the aftermath, the Army's use of Automatic Dependent 
Surveillance-Broadcast--affectionately known as ADS-B--
transponders and information communicated to the DCA air 
traffic control has come under focus.
    Reports from more recent close calls have highlighted that 
even through Army aircraft have been transmitting ADS-B 
information and haven't deviated from approved flight paths, 
air traffic control has issued go-arounds to commercial 
airliners because they have been unsure of the helicopter's 
position.
    Mr. Administrator, does air traffic control utilize ADS-B 
data for deconfliction of aircraft at DCA? If so, is it the 
sole means of tracking aircraft or does it use a mix of 
different systems?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir. We use a mix of systems. We use 
ADS-B. We also use radar. And we use visual separation as well, 
as appropriate.
    Mr. Strong. Does using the mixed systems, does this create 
an ability or degrade ATC's ability to ascertain the aircraft's 
position?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I think the multiple systems offer the 
controllers the ability to manage the air spaces as efficiently 
but safely as possible.
    Mr. Strong. Despite previous actions to increase funding 
for the FAA's Office of Commercial Space Transportation, the 
industry still faces long delays in licensing for launch and 
reentry.
    What is the FAA's strategy to streamline licensing while 
maintaining public safety? Are there any specific tools or 
systems the FAA is investing in to ensure regulations don't 
ground our space industry?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I am very excited about the commercial space 
industry, and it is certainly one of the areas that I have been 
focused on in coming back to the agency. We did 142 launches 
last year. We are expecting close to 200 this year. And it is 
really an exciting time.
    With regard to what we are using to streamline, we recently 
issued Part 450 and we are working with the space operators to 
better understand how we can do that more efficiently going 
forward.
    And with respect to airspace, we use what we call the Space 
Data Integrator. Our air traffic people work very closely with 
the launch operations to make sure that we can minimize the 
time that we need to open the airspace for the launches so that 
we can have smooth transitions between commercial airlines and 
commercial space launches.
    Mr. Strong. What steps is the FAA taking to integrate space 
launches into the national airspace center effectively? I know 
you have mentioned a couple there.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir.
    The Space Data Integrator that is located out at the FAA's 
Command Center is really a key element of that, because as we 
see normal air traffic operations within the system and we see 
the increase in space launch operations, we want to make sure 
we deconflict, first and foremost, and second, minimize the 
impact to the traveling public through airlines.
    Mr. Strong. Thank you.
    I know that Chairman Cole and Chairman Womack mentioned 
this. You look at this budget, it is not a budget that is 
divided partisan. Four billion for equipment account. One 
billion for modernization of telecommunication network, Radar 
Replacement Program, hiring and training, add 2,500 new ATC. 
That is what America is looking for. We want to be sure it is 
safe. I thank you for your efforts.
    Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Mr. Womack. Thank you.
    Mr. Quigley.
    Mr. Quigley. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Administrator, how many total FAA employees have taken the 
President's early retirement opportunity?
    Mr. Rocheleau. How many total employees?
    Those numbers are not finalized yet, largely because we are 
processing through what we call DRP 2. We had our first tranche 
of people that came through, and I believe that was roughly 700 
that applied for the DRP. And now we are going through that 
process for the second one.
    We will roll those numbers up as we go through. I am in 
constant contact with my leadership team to understand what the 
impacts of those will be.
    And I would just note that in a number of those cases we 
have been able to talk to people who have expressed interest 
and negotiate their time if they, in fact, do want to leave.
    Mr. Quigley. But for air traffic controllers, for example, 
they have been saying that there have been no cuts to them, but 
how many have taken early retirement?
    Mr. Rocheleau. There have absolutely been no cuts, and the 
controllers themselves are not eligible. They are not eligible 
for early retirement.
    If anything, what the Secretary and I have done is 
incentivized the people who are retirement eligible. So, if you 
have done 25 years and you are 51, 52, 53 years old, we are 
giving those senior controllers that we need right now another 
20 percent increase to their base salary just to stick around 
for another couple or three years.
    Mr. Quigley. I just wanted to confirm that, because we have 
heard there have been no cuts to air traffic controllers. The 
concern is we have heard that there have been cuts to those 
workers who help specifically some of the critical safety 
functions that support the front-line workers.
    With the dismissal of probationary employees and early 
retirement buyout program, we are hearing that about 12 percent 
of the aeronautical information specialists have left the FAA 
or are poised to leave. These are informational specialists who 
update charts, maps, and key data after disruption or 
disturbances in airspace like weather or a collision.
    This is accurate we have been told and how do you plan to 
make up for those losses?
    Mr. Rocheleau. So, again, we have not stopped hiring any 
safety critical positions, any of them. And the people----
    Mr. Quigley. But those people have left or are leaving, so 
you are lower than where you were.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Sir, there are people that support the 
critical safety positions, and that is part of the ongoing 
assessment that I do with my leadership team to make sure that 
if we have people that have accepted early retirement that we 
are managing through that to ensure that there are those 
services to our controllers and our maintenance people and the 
like.
    Mr. Quigley. How do you do that? If you have lost 12 
percent of the people who do those critical functions, who is 
doing it in the meantime?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Well, there are a few ways. First and 
foremost, we are assessing how we are doing that and what can 
we do better.
    For instance, going from a paper-based process to an 
electronic-based process, that is one of them. Making sure that 
we are hiring for critical safety positions and leveraging the 
talent that we do have that is staying and making sure that 
they can both do the critical safety functions as well as those 
support functions.
    Mr. Quigley. And, respectfully, you call them critical 
safety functions. Wouldn't it make more sense to have a plan, 
an assessment of how to replace them or how to phase them out, 
rather than just do this so dramatically at the start? It is 
sort of managing your own crisis rather than planning to 
implement a program like this.
    Mr. Rocheleau. We have been very intentional on how we work 
through this, recognizing that, as I mentioned, there are some 
people that may express interest in leaving earlier, and we can 
sit down with them and work through what that timeline looks 
like, so we can plan for what is behind them.
    And I would just say this. The people that are leaving, 
while we will miss them because they have been amazing public 
servants, there are a lot of talented people right behind them 
that are going to come in and pick up the pace.
    Mr. Quigley. I just have to belabor it. Wouldn't it have 
made more sense to have those discussions, see who is going to 
take this up, plan on who is going to take their place, and 
phase it in as you go through this rather than do the cuts and 
then come back and figure out how do we manage that?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Even though we may look back and may have 
approached it a different way, there was an opportunity to 
allow people to leave that wanted to leave and at the same time 
negotiate with them for a smooth transition.
    Mr. Quigley. I yield back.
    Mr. Womack. Chairman Rogers.
    Mr. Rogers. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    The Secretary's new state of the art air traffic control 
system is long overdue. It seems like it is almost every other 
day that we are having some problem with air traffic control in 
this country with souls in the air under our care.
    This plan is holistic and it is big and it is expensive: 
replacing antiquated telecommunications with new fiber, 
wireless, and satellite technologies at over 4,600 sites; 
25,000 new radios; 475 new voice switches; and so on and so 
forth; replacing 618 radars, which are past their life cycle 
already; addressing runway safety by increasing the number of 
airports with a service awareness initiative to 200; building 
six new air traffic control centers for the first time since 
the 1960s; replacing towers and TRACONs; installing new modern 
hardware and software for all air traffic facilities to create 
a common platform system throughout towers, TRACONs, and 
centers; and then the special problems in Alaska with adding 
174 new weather stations just in Alaska. This is a huge 
undertaking at great cost.
    I have got a mechanical question that Chairman Womack 
opened up. How are you going to do this? Are we going to build 
a new system separate and apart from the present system and one 
day when you get the new one built you will switch one to 
``on'' and the other one to ``off''? How is that going to work?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Thank you for the question. And there is no 
doubt we are looking for a real investment in this. And I 
believe it is a true investment in the U.S. and the future when 
I think of the aviation industry as an economic generator of 
over a trillion dollars and 10 million U.S. good-paying jobs.
    As it relates specifically to our plan that you so well 
outlined, a big piece of that is being able to sustain the 
operations we have today. I can talk a little bit about Newark, 
where we are transitioning from the copper wires, the old-
fashioned telephone lines, over to fiber optic cables. That is 
just one example of where we are taking what we have in place 
and we are transitioning into a new system as it relates to 
radars and facilities.
    All of those things are going to be part of this where we 
continue to operate the system safely every day, and then we 
switch over, as you described, into these new modern systems 
with intentional, deliberate testing to make sure the 
redundancy and the resiliency is there to ensure the safety of 
the traveling public.
    Mr. Rogers. Would you be using some equipment under the 
current----
    Mr. Rocheleau. I am sorry, what equipment?
    Mr. Rogers. Will you be mixing in pieces from the new 
system to the old system and vice versa?
    Mr. Rocheleau. The whole idea is to replace the system, but 
that is going to take some time to get there. Yesterday we 
issued a request for information for the best and brightest 
companies to come in and help us do that transition. I think 
that is a real opportunity for us.
    But the plan, as we described it earlier, is to essentially 
continue to operate the system as we do today and then switch 
over to the new technologies.
    Mr. Rogers. So it will be all new equipment----
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Rogers [continuing]. In the new system, none of the 
old?
    Mr. Rocheleau. No more floppy disks or paper strips.
    Mr. Rogers. So you will turn the switch to ``on'' and take 
the shovels and do away with the old system?
    Mr. Rocheleau. It is a little more complicated than that, 
but we will switch it over to the new system.
    Mr. Rogers. All right. Good luck.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Thank you, sir.
    Mr. Rogers. Thank you. Yield back.
    Mr. Womack. And they will be doing it while you are in the 
air, Mr. Rogers, I am pretty confident.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman. Thank you, sir.
    Good morning to you.
    I have a couple of questions that have to do with the 
Newark airport. I also have some questions regarding just air 
traffic controllers in general.
    Could you just tell me, what is the starting salary for an 
air traffic controller?
    Mr. Rocheleau. It really depends on the facility. We bring 
them in as an Academy student in roughly that $45,000 to 
$60,000 range. As I mentioned earlier, we have incentivized new 
Academy people to join us with a 30 percent increase.
    But when you get to a facility, it really depends on the 
facility. It can range anywhere from the 60s and 70s all the 
way up to a fully certified professional controller can be in 
the 145 to 150 range.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman. And that depends upon how large the 
airport is, how busy it is, et cetera?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Correct. There are levels, yes, ma'am.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman. Where is the Newark airport in that 
sort of----
    Mr. Rocheleau. I will have to take the IOU on what level 
the controllers are at Newark. I should know that. But I do 
know that that is well understood for the tower specifically, I 
am not sure the level of the tower there. And then obviously we 
have the controllers at Philadelphia Area C, which is 
controlling some of the incoming to Newark.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman. The problems with the Newark airport 
delays----
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, ma'am.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman [continuing]. What percentage of that 
delay or those delays were due to staffing issues, staffing 
shortages, and what percentage of it is due to infrastructure 
that is old and needs to be replaced?
    Mr. Rocheleau. There are three primary reasons for the 
delays.
    First and foremost is weather, and that is the constant 
one. The second is the outages that we were experiencing that 
we are working through and fixing now. And then the third is 
staffing.
    Staffing continues to be a challenge for us. We have 27 
certified controllers that are operating in Philadelphia Area C 
now to manage the air traffic going into Newark. And we have 
22, including six new people going through training now.
    So, we will be healthier towards the end of this summer for 
Newark specifically and that Area C. I am confident that the 
delays will be reduced going in there.
    In fact, we have been working with the airlines through our 
recent delay reduction effort. We will be here shortly, 
probably next week, at a 34 rate, which we will be able to 
manage safely through that air traffic system with the 
controllers.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman. So is it infrastructure, is it 
congestion, or is it staffing that is going to delay Newark 
being up and ready at its capacity in October as opposed to 
July, August, September?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I would say I am confident that by the 
October timeframe, the technology issues will be resolved. The 
Secretary has been very clear with me that we need to fix this, 
and we are fixing this now. The second piece to that is the 
staffing. By October, we will be very healthy in there at 
staffing levels that we need. And then, of course, the weather 
is always going to be one of those challenges.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman. So I know, sir, that there were not 
cuts to the air traffic controllers, but as my colleague 
mentioned, there were cuts to the staff that support it, those 
functions. And I am wondering, to what extent--I understand 
that in February Elon Musk's DOGE folks came there with their 
chainsaw, and as a result, 400 people were let go or went on 
their own. Is that accurate?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I would clarify by saying that there were 
400 probationary employees that were terminated, 360 of which 
returned to the FAA.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman. Why did they return, because they 
were--because it was wrong to let them go? It was----
    Mr. Rocheleau. It was a court case. My understanding, the 
court case ended up having those probationary employees be 
returned to duty.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman. So I know that you have been in 
service in your capacity for quite a while. Were you at all 
consulted when those 400 people were identified to be released, 
and did you have any input on whether or not that was going to 
impact your ability to do what we all agree is your primary 
function, is to make sure planes don't crash----
    Mr. Rocheleau. Right.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman [continuing]. Into one another or into 
grounds.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Right. I certainly was in the chair. I have 
been in the chair for 4 months. I was in the chair when those 
decisions were made and was consulted as to how we were going 
to manage through that period of time. Again, I would say that 
we preserved the safety critical positions, and we made sure 
that as we were working through the probationary employee 
situation that we were managing the workload. These folks were 
there for probably less than a year, obviously for the 
probationary terminations. But at the end of the day, what we 
did was we consulted with the leadership teams in each one of 
those lines of business.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman. Thank you, Mr. Administrator. 
Apparently they are needed, though, in that capacity, and so I 
am glad that they are back.
    I thank you, Mr. Chairman. I yield back.
    Mr. Womack. Thank you.
    Sheriff Rutherford.
    Mr. Rutherford. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member.
    And, Acting Administrator Rocheleau, thank you for being 
here this afternoon to talk about some of this. I want to go 
back to the ATCs and talk a little bit about that as well, 
because it is very important to my district where we have the 
Jacksonville air route traffic control center for all of 
northeast Florida, which has that funnel effect and it is 
incredibly busy, 160,000 square miles of airspace, 20 military 
installations, 200 civilian airports. How these folks do it, I 
have no idea. It really is--incredibly proud of those guys and 
gals and what they do.
    I was really happy to see this $97 million to hire 2,500. 
Question though, how much of that are we going to be able to 
accomplish? I am concerned about that. One of the things that I 
would like to ask in finding those people, the DEI biologics 
assessments that were being used previously for selection of 
ATCs, air traffic controllers, that, you know, were part of the 
DEI process before, which I think 1,000 that were proficient 
but refused hiring because of their biologics were then--filed 
a lawsuit. Of that 1,000, are we going back to those folks? I 
know we have gone back to performance-based selecting, correct?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir, that is correct.
    Mr. Rutherford. Okay.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Merit-based approach to hiring.
    Mr. Rutherford. Right. Right. And so, have we gone back to 
those that were rejected who were proficient but rejected 
simply because of their race back, you know, 3 years ago, 
whenever that was?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I am not specifically aware of those 
individuals, or an effort to go back to them. I will be happy 
to take the IOU and get back to you and your staff to make sure 
that we follow up on that.
    Mr. Rutherford. I mean, if they are still willing to come, 
that would be a great source to tap into, I would think. And I 
think what you are going to find also is that 35 percent 
failure rate in the academy is going to go down significantly 
when it is more based on merit than biological information. So 
I am glad to see you all moving in that direction.
    Can you talk a little bit about--a little more on--what 
specifically can we do to help you with this process? I mean, 
we are talking about $39,000 per student of the--you know, you 
take $97 million, that ain't a lot of money for 2,500 students. 
That is $39,000 a head. Is that going to be enough, and are 
there other things that we can do to help you in this process?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Well, first and foremost, I appreciate the 
support. Clearly, working with Congress is going to be critical 
to our success going forward. We have budgeted--we have 
programmed for up to 2,500 in our current budget request with 
the $97.3 million.
    I would also make a very important point here as it relates 
to the throughput. We have truncated the process to get 
additional people into the Academy itself, and we have added 
instructors to provide the basic instruction, as we continue to 
use the certified controllers to do the evaluation piece. We 
are confident that we are going to see a better graduation rate 
coming out of there. Part of that is the tutoring piece that I 
talked about earlier as well. I am confident in what we have 
put in place to be able to meet our goals this year. It is 
aggressive, I will acknowledge that.
    Mr. Rutherford. Is that going to be official tutoring over 
the weekends and that sort of thing that you mentioned earlier?
    Mr. Rocheleau. We will have tutors available, but we will 
also have the high-definition simulators for people to go and 
practice.
    Mr. Rutherford. Right.
    Mr. Rocheleau. I learned that in the military when we did a 
lot of that. Those simulators will be very valuable to those 
people who want to put in the extra work.
    Mr. Rutherford. Let me switch over to some of the work that 
they are going to be dealing with. You know, particularly 
looking at your long career at FAA and in the Air Force, I am 
sure you have seen, you know, areas where there is a lot of 
progress as well as a lot of stagnation within the aviation 
sector. And part of the future of aviation is drone and how 
that is going to fit into the commercial space.
    Now, I see the budget deals with some of that in a modest 
amount, and I am appreciative of that. But let me ask you: Can 
you share with this subcommittee a bit about your vision for 
how the drone commercial space is going to fit together, 
because it is coming quickly.
    Mr. Womack. I will give you a few seconds to answer the 
question.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Thank you.
    Mr. Rutherford. Oh, I am sorry.
    Mr. Rocheleau. It is coming quickly, and it was one of the 
reasons why I was so excited to come back to the FAA bringing 
new innovative technologies into the airspace. That includes 
drones; that includes advanced air mobility, the eVTOLs or air 
taxis; and it includes commercial space as well.
    Mr. Rutherford. Thank you.
    I am sorry, Mr. Chairman. I went over my time. I yield 
back.
    Mr. Womack. No worries.
    Mr. Espaillat.
    Mr. Espaillat. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Thank you, Acting Administrator Rocheleau, for being here.
    I think we all acknowledge here that the stakes are very 
high with regards to air safety, and the FAA is in the business 
of air safety. I myself, in addition to other Members, I would 
say a bipartisan group of five Members were on a plane whose 
wing was clipped at Reagan while taxiing. This is just a few 
months after the horrible accident that took so many lives, so 
safety is really in danger for the American public.
    And we had Secretary Duffy testify, and he acknowledged 
that the skinny budget fell severely short of the kind of 
investment that is needed to meet the challenge of safety, and 
we see an increase, but it still falls short of the $31 billion 
that are required to ensure that the American public is safe 
while traveling.
    As we approach the holiday season and other important 
seasons, we approach the World Cup, the Olympics, there is 
going to be a substantial increase in travel here, and we are 
not ready. In fact, some of the changes that need to be made 
are going to take some time, so we may even--they may even 
require a supplemental budget.
    So my question first is, do you acknowledge that we are 
short at the $22 billion level, and do you feel that we need a 
supplemental to meet the demand?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Thanks for the question. There is a lot of 
activity. Looking forward to the World Cup and a number of 
other things.
    As we have programmed here in the budget request, I believe 
this is appropriate for what we need to do with respect to 
moving from copper wire to fiber optic. I believe it is 
appropriate to supercharge controllers to get in the system, 
and it will take some time.
    Mr. Espaillat. How much time will it take?
    Mr. Rocheleau. For?
    Mr. Espaillat. For us to meet the demand, you know, for the 
World Cup, for the Olympics, for heavy travel during the 
holidays.
    Mr. Rocheleau. I should have started with this: The system 
is safe and will continue to be safe. We will make sure of 
that. The 45,000 people at the FAA will make sure of that.
    Mr. Espaillat. I know we have gaps in air traffic 
controller supervision of air travel and landing and takeoff in 
Newark, and severely putting people in danger. How long is the 
overall plan to be ready and really at an optimum?
    Mr. Rocheleau. We will maintain the safety of the system. 
We may slow it down, but we will maintain the safety of the 
system.
    Mr. Espaillat. Can you give me a timeframe?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I believe, particularly engaging with 
Congress here, when we talk about the Secretary's plan for a 
big, bold--and the President is a champion of this as well--for 
a new air traffic system, we are looking at a three to four 
year period. I believe we can get there even quicker.
    Mr. Espaillat. Do you think that will require a 
supplemental budget--that I think will be bipartisan. I think 
everybody wants safety here.
    Mr. Rocheleau. I wouldn't disagree. We are going to need 
Congress' help for additional funding.
    Mr. Espaillat. So you will need a supplemental, okay.
    My next question is, Elon Musk brazenly pushed for the FAA 
to use his Starlink satellite for air traffic control, as has 
been reported. Do you ever have--have you ever had a 
conversation with Mr. Musk or personnel at the White House or 
DOGE staff about potentially using Starlink for air traffic 
control systems?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I have never had a conversation with Elon 
Musk. I have worked very closely to make sure that as we 
experiment with new capabilities, including satellite 
technologies like Starlink----
    Mr. Espaillat. Well, have you had a conversation with the 
White House staff or even with DOGE staff about using Starlink?
    Mr. Rocheleau. No, sir.
    Mr. Espaillat. Okay. Thank you so much.
    I yield back, Mr. Chairman.
    Mr. Womack. Mr. Gonzales.
    Mr. Gonzales. Thank you, Chairman.
    Thank you, Administrator, for testifying today.
    I want to talk about safety. We often talk about aircrafts 
falling out of the sky, which is important, or getting clipped 
as you are taxiing, but I am worried about these increased 
amounts of unmanned aircraft systems, UAS, drones, that are 
falling out of the sky. We just saw Ukraine conduct one of the 
most significant operations of the Russian-Ukraine war.
    And with a small amount of money, with a small amount of 
quadcopters, they were able to decimate Russia's long-range 
strategic bombers, okay, to the tune of billions of dollars. I 
am worried about that. I mean, that is not a what-if. That is 
now. That is currently, right now, what is happening. My 
question is pretty simple: Is our U.S. airspace safe from drone 
threats?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I would refer that question to our national 
security partners, but our airspace today is capable of 
managing safe integration of UAS.
    Mr. Gonzales. Because this is what I worry about, is after 
9/11 everyone is pointing fingers and everyone saw this coming, 
but it is always somebody else's preview, right. And I am 
trying to figure out--everyone has a piece of it, and I am 
trying to figure out what role FAA plays in this when it comes 
to drone technology, when it comes to drone interaction, when 
it comes to that piece to it.
    Mr. Rocheleau. It is a great question, and I should 
highlight the close coordination, collaboration, and 
communication between the FAA, the DOT, the Department of 
Defense, the Department of Homeland Security for the things you 
are talking about. As we work through integrating UAS into the 
airspace, we are working alongside our national security 
partners every day.
    Mr. Gonzales. Let me ask you another question. How many 
drones were in U.S. airspace yesterday?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I will have to take an IOU on that one for 
you. I know we fly thousands of drones every day in the 
airspace. I don't have an accurate count for you today.
    Mr. Gonzales. We should absolutely know what drones are in 
our airspace every single day, and that is what I want us to 
get to. Who is in the air? What are they doing in the air? What 
are the intentions? And I don't want to wait until it is after 
the fact. I want to get ahead of that.
    To that point, what resources do you need--does FAA need 
from Congress to ensure that critical infrastructure from 
future drone threats is safe?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Our budget, in fact, does incorporate our 
need from Congress, our support from Congress to make sure that 
as we work through the safe integration into the airspace that 
we are working specifically on things like drone detection, 
drone mitigation, again, working with our national security 
partners who do this for a living.
    Mr. Gonzales. I think this is important.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Gonzales. Once again, this isn't the future. We are 
here, right. And guess what, every drone that is up in the air 
isn't necessarily going to cause harm, but there may be some 
that do, and we are at a point where very soon, you know, 
Amazon packages are going to be delivered, it is going to be a 
very busy airspace. It already is. And the fact--we need to 
know how many drones are in the air, and we need to know what 
those drones' intentions are. And we also need to have counter-
UAS incentives--our mitigations involved in that, and I think 
FAA plays a role in that.
    I understand. I understand you are working with other 
partners, but the airspace belongs to you, right, in many 
cases. So how do we continue to work with that? A big part of 
that is the budget on that. I would love to continue to work 
with you and hear back on some of your answers.
    Mr. Rocheleau. I would be happy to do that. We are very 
much in favor of the drone detection and, of course, the 
mitigation, when appropriately utilized.
    Mr. Gonzales. I have 1 minute left.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Gonzales. My last question is on this: Section 570 of 
FAA Reauthorization Act directs the Department to partner with 
National Academies to assess the loss of commercial air service 
in small communities and identify options for restoring it. And 
I appreciate the directive, and I think it comes at a critical 
time for Del Rio. Del Rio is a border community. Del Rio is 
central to Laughlin Air Force Base as well as the Del Rio 
Border Patrol sector.
    Can you speak to how the Department is--and we are 
currently without an airline, right. That community has no 
access to an airline. Can you speak to how the Department is 
implementing the section 570 study, and whether Del Rio, given 
its proximity to international trade, military installations, 
and key trade corridors, will be considered in this assessment.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir. And appreciate the question, 
because having just returned from the general aviation and 
business aviation community, I understand the importance of 
small community air service. I know that our team has been 
working intensely on doing the analysis that you talk about 
that reauthorization directs us to do. I will circle back with 
you with the latest on that effort.
    Mr. Gonzales. Right. Thank you.
    I yield back, Chairman.
    Mr. Womack. Mr. Gonzales in his previous question asked a 
good question, so I am going to follow up real quick. Would it 
even be possible for the FAA to know how many drones were in 
U.S. airspace in a given period of time?
    Mr. Rocheleau. In a given day total?
    Mr. Womack. Based on our current requirements, based on 
current law, is it even possible?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I don't believe the FAA would know every 
single drone in the sky today. But we do, in fact, work with 
legal operators, and we would be able to collect that data. A 
child with a drone would be more challenging. I just returned 
from Texas, and watching some of the demonstrations there, 
utilizing what we call UAS traffic management. It is an 
incredible system, and it will keep count of the drones you are 
talking about.
    Mr. Womack. Well, while it may be impossible to know if a 
child getting a Christmas present is launching a drone, I think 
Tony's question is more relative to the nefarious actor out 
there who wouldn't be adhering to any rules and regulations 
that we have.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir. And that is why I would just 
highlight our constant effort with our law enforcement 
assistance program to go after the clueless, the careless, and 
the criminal to make sure that we are interdicting as quickly 
as possible to change that behavior.
    Mr. Womack. Thank you.
    Mr. Aguilar.
    Mr. Aguilar. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Thank you, Administrator. I wanted to ask, I understand and 
I know there have been questions about staffing, Administrator. 
I understand the FAA has continued processing airport 
applications for Federal grants, but review times have 
increased as the agency loses staffing expertise at its 
headquarters and district offices. This is troublesome for many 
airports as these airports work to keep their construction 
projects on schedule, as you understand.
    How has DOGE's efforts to downsize the FAA impacted the 
agency's grant review time and processing to date?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Thank you for the question. I don't believe 
that any DOGE activities, which have not directly related to 
any FAA activities, have had any impacts on the grant 
specifically. When we first came in, there was a backlog, a 
serious backlog of grant announcements that we had to work 
through. As I look at my sheet here, we are looking at $1.7 
billion here getting out over 465 grants. So, we have got our 
momentum going back, but with respect to DOGE specifically, I 
would say there were no impacts.
    Mr. Aguilar. You don't think a loss of head count has had 
any effort in the timing and the delays of implementing the 
grants?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I don't believe there was a loss in head 
count that impacted grants, just to be specific to the 
question.
    Mr. Aguilar. We could run through the head-count losses 
that you have had, but you are--so you are saying at the 
district level or at the HQ level you don't believe any of the 
loss of head count has had a direct impact on processing and 
implementing grants?
    Mr. Rocheleau. No, sir. I think the delay has been related 
to the backlog and us working through it. I don't believe it 
had to do with any change in the staffing.
    Mr. Aguilar. How has the downsizing impacted the FAA's 
ability to approve airport projects in a timely manner?
    Mr. Rocheleau. The opportunity really is to go from what we 
will call traditional or paper-based types of processing and 
using a more streamlined process. One of the things we are 
looking at specific to airport grants is the use of AI. Much 
like we do in the safety realm, now we are looking at 
processing grants and using categorical exclusions, for 
instance, when we talk about specific projects as it relates to 
environmental issues.
    We are using a number of different tools that we have today 
that we probably didn't have a year ago in order to expedite 
that. But again, I go back to it is not about the change in the 
workforce specifically; it is more along the lines of building 
out a more efficient process going forward.
    Mr. Aguilar. And we would love to be partners in building 
an efficient process. I think that is what the chairman and the 
ranking member have indicated they are focused on, and we want 
to be willing partners here. I think what is frustrating is 
when actions happen or grants don't get out and we just see the 
impacts and the results, not just of safety concerns, but of 
actual dollars getting out on the streets, back home, closer to 
our district.
    But since you mentioned projects or since we are talking 
about projects, the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 included 
provisions to speed up airport infrastructure projects by 
reducing regulatory overreach and land use approvals. You 
talked about categorical exemptions and streamlining the 
process for approving these projects with local user fees. Can 
you give an update on the FAA's progress in simplifying airport 
land use approvals and launching fully streamlined passenger 
facility charge approval process?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yeah. Again, I appreciate that question 
simply because of what we described earlier as backlogs. We 
have looked at the opportunity, in addition to what 
reauthorization has directed, for our staff to be able to look 
for like opportunities, whether it is in the West Coast or the 
East Coast and be able to streamline that.
    Specific to environmental issues, that is obviously a 
little bit more challenging, but one of the ways we are doing 
that is, in fact, using the categorical exclusions to expedite 
the projects out there. Because I understand getting that money 
out there, particularly in an important building season, is 
critical to the local communities.
    Mr. Aguilar. When will the locals see that benefit? When 
will they see the projects, and when will they see the delays 
cease?
    Mr. Rocheleau. The delays have begun to decrease 
significantly, and they will continue to see more money coming 
out. Again, in the next few weeks we are going to see hundreds 
of millions of dollars coming out through those grants.
    Mr. Aguilar. I have got a local issue. We will put it into 
the record for you to get back to us on San Bernardino 
International Airport is a Federal contract tower, and we have 
had some language that we secured in the reauth, and we would 
love your attention to this and your help with this. We will 
send it to the record as well.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Thank you.
    Mr. Womack. Thank you.
    Mr. Joyce.
    Mr. Joyce. Thank you, Chairman.
    Mr. Rocheleau, thank you for being here today. I would like 
to follow up on my distinguished colleague, Mr. Aguilar's 
comments there, and all of us here are among those who travel 
through DCA on a pretty regular basis, and we wait at DCA 
with--most of the traveling public does--for reasons 
unbeknownst to us. But can you share with the committee any 
specific steps that is being taken to improve the operational 
performance at DCA, particularly during these peak travel 
periods?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir. There are a handful of ways we 
have tackled that. First and foremost, after the tragic 
collision, we cleared that airspace. We made it less complex by 
removing the helicopter traffic. That really did contribute to 
the ability for the controllers to manage our traffic in a 
safer, more efficient manner.
    Second, we focused on the controllers themselves. We had an 
authorized staffing at 28. We are now at 30, and we are going 
to 31. We have prioritized hiring for DCA traffic specifically 
and getting people up to speed there.
    And then we work with the carriers. At the end of the day, 
you have to work with the airports and you have to work with 
the airlines to make sure that as we have traffic surges, that 
we are able to spread that out throughout the day to make sure 
there aren't these peaks, which contribute to delays 
themselves, and add workload to the controllers.
    Mr. Joyce. Having sat on the runway, whether because we 
missed our slot because we were a little late taking off----
    Mr. Rocheleau. I apologize for that.
    Mr. Joyce [continuing]. Getting into DCA is an issue as 
well, I understand.
    What aspects of the FAA's 2026 request are directly aimed 
at addressing those challenges? Are there further measures or 
plans under consideration to enhance reliability and efficiency 
with this critical airport while continuing to prioritize the 
safety?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I would point you directly to the staffing 
piece. The staffing piece, whether it is at DCA, and we are 
focused on DCA, obviously, in addition to places like Newark 
and other locations, that money that we are requesting for 
staffing is going to make a difference. We are not waiting for 
that money to come. We are working towards staffing 
appropriately as we can with the money that we do have.
    But I would say that the staffing is a big piece. When we 
think about introducing new technologies, we are in a good 
place as it relates specifically to DCA with respect to our 
fiber and our communications efforts. But, again, I go back to 
how it integrates within the larger system, within the Potomac 
TRACON and the Command Center and some of these other 
locations, it is going to be critical for us to make these 
investments into the technologies in addition to the controller 
workforce itself.
    Mr. Joyce. As we discuss this modernization efforts of the 
national airspace more broadly, it is important to ensure that 
the smaller airports, like those in Ohio, were not left behind. 
These airports do not have 24/7 air traffic control staffing 
and, therefore, rely mostly on automated systems, like the 
automated weather observing system and the automated surface 
observing system for weather reporting to ensure that 
operations can be carried out safely at all hours.
    Investing in the infrastructure and technology at these 
smaller airports is essential to maintain this sufficient and 
accessible airspace for all Americans. With this in mind, how 
do you plan to ensure that the smaller airports, those outside 
of the core 30 largest airports that rely on these automated 
systems the most, are adequately prioritized with any system 
with modernization efforts that are moving forward?
    Mr. Rocheleau. That is a great question, because again, I 
certainly appreciate, having just come from the industry, the 
importance of being able to have that connectivity with local 
regional airports. The technology specifically is part of our 
ongoing refresh, if you will. And when we think about surface 
monitoring or airborne monitoring, all of these technologies, 
they may not have the same thing that, say, a JFK or a Newark 
would. But we want to make sure the tools are there, whether it 
is a staff tower or an uncontrolled airport, that they have 
those technologies in place. And so, part of this effort is to 
ensure the continuing refresh of the technologies there and the 
enhancements as they come available.
    Mr. Joyce. So how will your 26 requests ensure all the 
airports, regardless of size, have access to the needed funding 
so they are able to operate at full capacity?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Certainly that is part of the ongoing 
process as we look at rolling out what we have today, and that 
is separate from what we are talking about with respect to a 
whole new modern air traffic plan. It goes back to what I 
mentioned, where we identify these airports through our NPIAS, 
through our system, through our approach, and make sure that as 
these refreshes are necessary that we are devoting the 
resources that are critical to get them back up to speed.
    Mr. Joyce. I had the opportunity, as I addressed Secretary 
Duffy a few weeks back, back in 2017, to go with then-Chairman 
Shuster and Secretary Chao up to Canada to see the system that 
they have there. And when you go into our towers and you see 
the paper and the floppy disk and the other thing, that's not 
the way it should be, and I appreciate the efforts that you are 
going to take to fix that. I won't bore you with any more 
NextGen questions.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Thank you, sir.
    Mr. Joyce. Thank you very much, Chairman.
    Mr. Womack. And, finally, the distinguished vice chair of 
this subcommittee, Mrs. Bice.
    Mrs. Bice. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    And thank you, Administrator, for being with us this 
morning.
    I want to follow up on a comment that you made in response 
to Mr. Joyce's question, and that was after the DCA accident 
that you took a good look at all of the incoming traffic paused 
helicopter traffic in. But subsequent to the accident there was 
another incursion--or close call, I should say. I am sorry, not 
an incursion--a close call that happened with two aircraft 
leaving DCA. Interestingly enough, I was on the tarmac and saw 
that happen. So my question to you is, do you believe that you 
are able to effectively communicate with DOD on military 
traffic coming in and out of the DCA airspace?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I do believe we have a very good 
communication link with our Department of Defense partners. I 
would also say they are not flying right now, because we are 
revisiting the letter of authorization that we have going. 
Unless it is a mission critical operation----
    Mrs. Bice. Who defines mission critical?
    Mr. Rocheleau. We have protocols set up through this letter 
of agreement that a national security mission, a law 
enforcement intervention, something along those lines, a 
medevac-type thing, those would be coordinated with the 
controllers and there are certain codes they use to talk back 
and forth.
    But in terms of what we will call priority transport or 
some of the other more routine activities that the Army was 
conducting, we have shut those down until such time as we are 
comfortable with what we will call new rules of the road.
    Mrs. Bice. And you do believe that the airspace in DCA is 
safe?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Absolutely.
    Mrs. Bice. Okay. Earlier we talked about the Mike Monroney 
Aeronautical Center. When I was elected in 2020, that was 
actually in my congressional district. It is now not after 
redistricting, but I am very conscientious of what happens at 
that facility. One of the things that surprised me is the 
length of time it takes to actually get an air traffic 
controller into a tower. They apply. They have to have an 
initial screening. Then they have to do testing. Then there is 
a medical evaluation. This process takes some time.
    And the one thing that surprised me the most is how long 
the medical eval can take. Can you talk a little bit about what 
you are doing to address that specifically?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes. Thank you. It did take too long, and 
that is one of the reasons why the Secretary has tasked us with 
supercharging this hiring process, cutting 5 months out of the 
process in general.
    Specific to medicals though, one of the ways we truncated 
that process was by looking at security and medicals in tandem 
to make sure we process them efficiently, effectively, and not 
waiting in line. We are doing it concurrently. That made a big 
difference in reducing that timeline.
    Also, the medical certification piece of this, whether it 
is for the controllers or the pilots that we talk about, I meet 
with the airspace surgeon on a regular basis to track that. We 
have just recently provided some additional information for 
people to, essentially, educate themselves to bring the proper 
paperwork. It is over 90 percent of the people that come in, 
and they get that medical certificate when they walk out. That 
is a real tribute to, again, the Secretary and the team that 
has put an emphasis on this.
    Mrs. Bice. Let's talk about air traffic controllers for a 
moment. Certainly, you have talked about an increase in hiring, 
which we all agree is necessary. There are people that are, you 
know, maybe, you know, want to leave the profession because 
they have been in it for many, many years, and it is a high-
stress position, a lot of expectation. It is a zero-failure 
mission.
    Can you talk a little bit about the overtime that has been 
potentially placed on air traffic controllers, particularly at 
larger airports due to maybe shortages and how that is 
impacting their ability to, you know--maybe longevity in that 
role?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I work very closely with the controller 
union president. We have a number of engagements to basically 
keep a finger on the pulse of the health and the welfare of the 
controllers. There are indeed facilities that require overtime 
simply because of staffing and we make sure that we do that. At 
the same time, we have a number of safety reporting systems in 
place that if someone is feeling that stress or someone needs 
that time off, we allow that person to take that time. So, we 
are very focused on the safety, the health, and the welfare of 
the controllers themselves.
    As it relates to additional staffing, that is part of what 
we are going through here with hiring new controllers, and in 
those facilities that are most critically understaffed 
prioritizing them for controllers that can come in and hit the 
ground running.
    Mrs. Bice. Thank you for that.
    My time is almost up, but I just want to offer you the 
opportunity, when you have time, to come to Oklahoma City, 
visit the Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center. I am sure that the 
full committee chairman, Mr. Cole, and I, along with 
Congressman Lucas, would love the opportunity to just visit 
with you and see what we can do to continue to strengthen the 
facility. It is a large facility. It has a lot of, I think, 
infrastructure needs that we need to invest in. And so, 
certainly, we are here to help you make sure that the facility 
meets the needs of the next century.
    So with that, Mr. Chairman, I yield.
    Mr. Womack. I thank the gentlelady.
    As I recognize the final member of our panel here this 
morning, the chair notices a young man in the audience with a 
similar tie to Mr. Ciscomani.
    Mr. Ciscomani, do you have a guest here?
    Mr. Ciscomani. I do, my son, Kenny. He is here joining us. 
I already told press that he's not available for questions just 
yet, but he will be at some point.
    Mr. Womack. You are recognized.
    Mr. Ciscomani. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Thank you, Administrator Rocheleau, for being with us 
today. I first want to ask about an issue that is top of mind 
for many airports around the country, including Tucson 
International Airport in southern Arizona, and that is 
regarding PFAS remediation. In my district, the presence of 
PFAS is a major public health threat. The FAA has previously 
mandated the use of PFAS containing foams for commercial 
airports. And while many airports like Tucson International 
Airport are now transitioning to foams that do not contain 
PFAS, they are still burdened with the cost of remediation for 
previously used foams. How does your agency plan to assist 
commercial airports in these critical remediation efforts?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Thank you for the question. Tucson has a 
special place in my heart. It was my first assignment as a 
second lieutenant in the Air Force, and so I am familiar with 
the airport and the importance of it.
    With respect to PFAS and the mitigations there, I connected 
with my Airports office yesterday, and I understand we have 
ongoing dialogue with how we are going to manage through that. 
I know that there was an authorization to further mitigate PFAS 
that we are talking about, not just in Tucson but in other 
locations. An appropriation will be particularly critical to 
being able to move forward on some of those mitigations.
    At Tucson, and a few other airports, the plan to mitigate 
that is ongoing with respect to ensuring that the airports have 
the information they need to follow that up when the funding 
appears.
    Mr. Ciscomani. Yeah. And I think that is critical, so I 
will certainly advocate for you all to receive the funds that 
are needed to clean up PFAS in our community without creating 
the undue burden on the airports themselves that already have 
limited budgets, as you know. So I appreciated your attention 
on this critical issue.
    Next, I would like to highlight a key facility in my 
district, Pinal Airpark. If you have been in southern Arizona, 
you probably are familiar with Pinal Airpark. This general 
aviation and military facility, originally known as Marana Army 
Airfield, is notably where more than 10,000 pilots trained 
during World War II. Today the airpark supports a mix of 
military and commercial aviation activities with over 100,000 
flight operations annually. Pinal Airpark is among the busiest 
multiuse airports in the Nation operating without an air 
traffic control tower.
    Last year, Congress passed the FAA reauthorization bill 
with the provision prioritizing the construction of air traffic 
control towers that support safety at multiuse airports. Pinal 
Airpark fits this description perfectly and was recently 
accepted as a candidate for the FAA contract tower program. Can 
I have your agency's commitment to fully considered Pinal 
Airpark as a candidate for a new tower under this program?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, you can.
    Mr. Ciscomani. Perfect. Thank you. That is critical here 
for us. On the air traffic control tower at Pinal Airpark is 
greatly needed, and I look forward to working with you to make 
that tower a reality.
    Here with the last minute or so that I have, I want to ask 
about something that you touched on in your testimony and some 
of my colleagues have mentioned as well is the air traffic 
control tower staffing side of it as well. What specific steps 
is the FAA taking to ensure adequate staffing levels at 
critical facilities across the country on that matter?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Again, I can't emphasize enough the 
importance of making sure that under the Secretary's 
leadership, that we do, in fact, realize the supercharge goal 
that we are attempting. Right now, we are focused on making 
sure that we get up to 2,500 through Oklahoma City, as well as 
through our enhanced CTI training schools and the collegiate 
partnerships that we have. In addition to that, we are 
incentivizing people to come to the FAA and go to tougher to 
staff locations with financial incentives.
    I think one of the things that is really going to help us 
in this effort, though, and it is critical, is we are giving 20 
percent more per year to experienced controllers to stay on as 
certified controllers, whether that is in an operational role 
or is in a training role, and make sure that we have that 
bridge to get healthy again in our controller staff. We are 
3,000 down, and we are working to make sure that within the 
next couple years that we have got that back healthy.
    Mr. Ciscomani. Real quick here, what do you think the 
shortage--what is the reason for it? I mean, it pays well, you 
know, high training. Now you have incentives to stay. Just real 
quick, what do you think highlights of the shortage is?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I think there were a variety of reasons. 
Part of it is advertising. We are trying to make sure people 
understand, this is an exciting, very rewarding career field. I 
also think that the time to get people into the Academy was too 
long. We were at a year and a half in some cases, and a 25-
year-old is not going to wait around for a year and a half to 
get a job. They are going to go do something. Truncating the 
process and getting them into the school quicker, is going to 
help us.
    Mr. Ciscomani. Thank you, sir. We would love to welcome you 
back to your old stomping grounds----
    Mr. Rocheleau. All right.
    Mr. Ciscomani [continuing]. In Tucson and have you there 
soon. Thank you so much.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Thank you.
    Mr. Ciscomani. Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Mr. Womack. Thank you, Mr. Ciscomani.
    If it pleases the subcommittee, we are going to do one more 
round of just a single question, so be thinking about your 
question.
    But before I go to my last question, I am going to 
recognize the overall chairman of the committee once again, Mr. 
Cole, who has been gracious enough to sit through this entire 
hearing today.
    Mr. Cole, I am going to recognize you for any final 
comments you would like to make, because I know you have an 
agenda and you have got to escape.
    Mr. Cole. I do. Thank you.
    I just want to compliment you, Mr. Chairman, you, Mr. 
Ranking Member, and every member of this committee.
    And I particularly want to single out you, Mr. 
Administrator.
    This is the way a hearing ought to work. This is a really 
good hearing. All the questions were substantive. All of them 
focused on real needs. All of you had real concerns. You put 
them out there. I want to compliment the leadership of this 
committee on both sides of the aisle for the manner in which 
this was done.
    And I want to compliment you, Mr. Administrator. You are a 
terrific witness. You know your stuff. And you have been very 
candid and forthcoming with the committee and very helpful in 
us understanding.
    And I am serious, I do think this is one of the areas we 
can and should cooperate on. I don't see much in the way of 
partisanship that deals with this or even profound 
disagreement. We mostly agree on what needs to get done here. 
And again, I want to thank the members of the committee, 
because everybody came here with a legitimate concern and very 
legitimate questions. And I didn't think, with all due respect, 
anybody was looking for a television moment. They just wanted 
to know the stuff and figure out what they could do to help you 
and the mission you have in keeping our skies, in particular, 
safe.
    A lot more committee meetings are like this than we get 
credit for in the media. And I want to thank all of you, again, 
on each side of the aisle and our witness for making it a 
really excellent and useful committee hearing. So thank you, 
Mr. Chairman. Thank you, Mr. Ranking Member. I appreciate it.
    Mr. Womack. Thank you. Thank you very much, Mr. Cole. And 
you have honored us with your presence here today, and we truly 
appreciate it.
    My final question goes back to staffing. You have a lot of 
things that you are responsible for, and it is good that on the 
mission-critical safety required things, that people have been 
excluded from the DRP and efforts to downsize. But the fact is, 
you do so many other things that are not directly related to 
aviation safety. And I am talking about certifications and lots 
of other different programs, reevaluation of airspace as an 
example and things like rulemaking beyond the visual line of 
sight.
    Can you confirm that our staffing reductions are not going 
to interfere with your ability to conduct some of these other 
lesser-known functions of the FAA?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir, I can. Again, safety critical, we 
will always continue, where we find need, to bring people back. 
The Secretary has been very clear with me, if I have a need for 
something, whether it is aeronautical services or an engineer--
and by the way, we continue to hire engineers to do our 
oversight--I have that ability to do that. We will be solid on 
staffing.
    Mr. Womack. Thank you.
    Mr. Clyburn.
    Mr. Clyburn. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Mr. 
Chairman, I do have a question.
    Mr. Administrator, you have had a long career in the United 
States Air Force. Do you know--this is more rhetorical. If you 
don't know, I won't be insulted--the name of Daniel ``Chappie'' 
James?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir, I do.
    Mr. Clyburn. Thank you very much. Do you remember who he 
was?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir, I do.
    Mr. Clyburn. Well, Daniel--I knew Daniel ``Chappie'' James. 
When you have been around as long as I have, you would know 
these people. He was a good buddy. He became the first African 
American in this country to be a four-star general. He got that 
generalship because of a DEI program that was put in place that 
became known as the Tuskegee Airmen.
    Now, there seems to be some preoccupation with DEI on this 
subcommittee, so I am not going to be able to sleep with myself 
if I don't raise this issue. Now, in his first administration, 
President Trump put in place a DEI program for people with 
disabilities and it was successful. Now, in this 
administration, he has gotten rid of that program. Are you 
familiar with that program that brought people with 
disabilities into the FAA?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I am generally familiar with it.
    Mr. Clyburn. It was a very successful program, but we have 
gotten rid of that program now because of this notion of DEI. 
Mr. Chairman, I know that every time--this comes up in these 
subcommittees, but every time it comes up, I am going to always 
rebut with facts. Chappie James is one of the most successful 
air fighter pilots, not a Red Tail because he became a real 
fighter pilot, and he helped us to win that war. And I yield 
back.
    Mr. Womack. Mr. Ciscomani.
    Mr. Ciscomani. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    And one of the things that I talked to Secretary Duffy 
about as well, Administrator Duffy, was about a midair crash 
that happened on February 19 in Miranda, Arizona. Two people 
died in that terrible accident. You know, Mr. Duffy called it 
tragic. I agree. I know there is a report being compiled on 
that with more details on it. I know that we briefly talked 
about some of the potential reasons for that incident, but I am 
just, you know, just to comment more than anything that I am 
looking forward to receiving the report here from the FAA 
hopefully soon.
    Do you have any idea of a timeline that we could 
potentially be looking at? Are you familiar with the incident 
or----
    Mr. Rocheleau. I am familiar----
    Mr. Ciscomani. Yeah.
    Mr. Rocheleau [continuing]. With the incident. It was 
indeed a tragedy. I am not familiar with the status of the 
report. I will certainly take that as an IOU and get back to 
you. It is one of those things where I continue to encourage, 
coming from business general aviation, there is some very 
important equipment that I think people have an opportunity to 
equip their aircraft with that can increase safety in those 
circumstances. I understand it was an uncontrolled airfield at 
the time.
    Mr. Ciscomani. It was, yeah, uh-huh.
    Mr. Rocheleau. But I commit to you to getting you the 
update on that report.
    Mr. Ciscomani. Excellent. Thank you, sir.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes.
    Mr. Womack. Mr. Quigley.
    Mr. Quigley. Mr. Chairman, I will abide by your one 
question. This will be a five-point question----
    Mr. Rocheleau. Okay.
    Mr. Quigley [continuing]. If that is all right. I am just 
kidding. There is a bipartisan Quiet Skies Caucus, and on a 
bipartisan basis got provisions into the last reauthorization, 
including creation of an aviation noise officer, regional noise 
officers, and then a requirement that you review and revise the 
FAA noise standards. Where are we at with that, and will the 
budgetary issues affect that as well?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I am aware of it. I understand that we 
regularly engage in Quiet Skies Caucus efforts, not to mention 
community engagement. I can't tell you today--again, I will 
commit to getting back to you--where we are specifically. But I 
can tell you that the budget that we are requesting goes 
directly to supporting those activities.
    Mr. Quigley. And I would appreciate--we don't have the time 
today, but I would appreciate you or your staff, they can 
engage with myself or my staff, to talk about this further, and 
perhaps have an ongoing discussion with that bipartisan Quiet 
Skies Caucus. Thank you.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Womack. Mr. Strong.
    Mr. Strong. Mr. Administrator, I know that you mentioned 
earlier that 35--you had a 35 percent failure rate in the 
training of air traffic controllers. I encourage you to 
maintain the highest of standards, never lower those standards. 
It was interesting for you to mention that.
    In 2021, Huntsville International Airport was selected as 
one of the five locations of UAS detection and mitigation 
testing. Section 383 of the 2018 FAA Reauthorization Act 
directed the FAA to test and evaluate technologies and systems 
that can detect and mitigate potential safety risk posed by UAS 
at and near airports. Mr. Administrator, what is the status of 
that testing, and what feedback have you received from DHS, 
DOJ, or other law enforcement partners?
    Mr. Rocheleau. Thank you for the question. Yes, in fact, 
the testing at Huntsville was very valuable. In fact, my 
understanding from my team is that 48 different UAS were 
tested, and 30 different types of detection equipment were 
tested at five different airports, most recently up in New 
Jersey, but Huntsville was a particularly important part of 
that effort. What we learned from that effort was that the 
detection capabilities are there today, and whether it is 
airports or law enforcement, and certainly DOD and DHS, we are 
working closely with them to make sure that those detection 
equipment capabilities are there for the right people.
    In addition to that, since we are responsible for the 
safety of operating in the skies, we want to make sure that 
those mitigation efforts are carefully put in place, because 
mitigation can, in fact, affect civil aviation traffic. And so, 
that is part of that effort that we are going through, both on 
the detection side, critically important, and then we partner 
with the appropriate law enforcement security agencies to do 
the mitigation piece.
    Mr. Strong. Thank you, Mr. Rocheleau.
    Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Mr. Womack. Thank you.
    Bring us home, Mrs. Torres.
    Mrs. Torres. Thank you, Chairman.
    And there is two things that I want to ask of you, but I am 
going to put them in writing to you. I just want to let you 
know about them today, because they are critically important 
for some of my constituents. One is an update on where the six 
studies stand, included in the 2024 FAA reauthorization studies 
on cabin air quality, temperature, radiation, and modern 
evacuation training; and the other is on the PAPI system. You 
know it as the Position Approach Path Indicator. It is a 
bipartisan supported program that requires substantial updates. 
It saves a lot of money on energy by replacing the bulbs. Can 
you give us an update on the progress of this program for the 
runways that still need to be updated?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I am familiar with the PAPI program. I do 
commit to getting you the status on both of those issues.
    Mrs. Torres. Thank you, and I yield back.
    Mr. Womack. And just in time, Pete, welcome back. You have 
got just a few seconds to ask your last question.
    Mr. Aguilar. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. You told me it was 
the best for last. You are not saying that in public anymore, 
but that is fine.
    Mr. Womack. Well, I kind of inferred that with Mrs. Torres, 
but you made it back.
    Mr. Aguilar. I wanted to build--thank you, Mr. Chairman. 
Appreciate your indulgence.
    Mr. Administrator, I wanted to build off of what Ranking 
Member Clyburn discussed, and one of the programs that exists 
within your agency and within DOT broadly is the DBE program, 
the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise program. The FAA 
Reauthorization Act included a bill that was mine that was 
specific for DBE supportive services expansion. It created DBE 
supportive services program at the FAA. I appreciate that the 
FAA budget justification highlights that the FAA is 
prioritizing implementing DBE programs in fiscal year 2026.
    However, the budget justification did not request funding 
for DBE programs. Just as a refresh here, these are small, for-
profit businesses and at least 51 percent owned and controlled 
by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals: women, 
minorities, other socially and economically disadvantaged 
groups. Oftentimes, our Federal programs reward prime 
contractors and very big folks who have more compliance people 
than they know what to do with. And making sure that smaller 
businesses have an opportunity to bid on contracts and to 
procure is an incredibly important part of what we do. How does 
the FAA plan to implement the DBE program in this new 
supportive services program without requesting any funding?
    Mr. Rocheleau. I understand the importance of this. As you 
mentioned, there are certainly those vendors out there that 
have subs, and that is how they conduct this. I know that both 
our disadvantaged business office as well as our Airports 
office work together in executing these plans, working with 
airports, working with associations that support these as well.
    With respect to what we are doing as it relates to today's 
activities, I will take the IOU to get back to you and come in 
and give a briefing to you and your staff. I know we have a 
subject matter expert on that topic itself, and I am happy to 
get him engaged.
    Mr. Aguilar. Specifically related to the funding, this is 
the Appropriations Committee.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Yeah.
    Mr. Aguilar. And the funding and the resources that you 
decide to use as you implement this program, I would be 
interested in seeing it. If you want to work with our office, I 
would definitely take you up on that. Thank you.
    Mr. Rocheleau. Very good. Thank you.
    Mr. Womack. Thank you.
    Mr. Administrator, thank you so much for being here today.
    I want to echo the sentiments that Mr. Cole made earlier 
about the quality of the hearing, and certainly, the quality of 
the witness, but I am also mindful of the fact that you have a 
good staff of great people behind you. And Kate and Julie and 
Hannah, and others across that spectrum, do yeoman's work and 
are dedicated to the service of the general public and the 
taxpaying public.
    And so to the staff, I want to thank you for the work that 
you do as well.
    I want to remind our members that you have 7 days to submit 
any questions that you would like submitted to the record with 
our subcommittee staff.
    Again, I want to thank everybody for being here today.
    Mr. Clyburn, as always, good to share the dais with you, 
and I hope it is a good week for you.
    Mr. Clyburn. Well, thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Thank 
you for what I consider to be a very substantive hearing. I do 
and will always reiterate that we aren't asking--I have never 
asked--for any standards to be lowered. I only ask for what I 
call fair--not preferential but fair--treatment. And so as a 
member of this committee, I am going to always insist upon the 
record carrying that notion.
    Mr. Chairman, when I was studying in college, I studied a 
man named Alexis de Tocqueville. I am sure you are familiar 
with Mr. Tocqueville.
    Mr. Womack. Very familiar. French nobleman, yes.
    Mr. Clyburn. Absolutely. He wrote a two-volume work called 
``Democracy in America.'' And de Tocqueville wrote in that book 
that America's greatness is not that it is more enlightened 
than any other nation, but rather because she has always been 
able to repair her faults. That is what makes this country 
great. We find a fault and we repair it. That is how Daniel 
``Chappie'' James, Jr., became great, repairing a fault. Thank 
you, and I yield back.
    Mr. Womack. And on that note, this subcommittee stands 
adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 11:58 a.m., the subcommittee was adjourned.]
    [GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, HUD, AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS 
                                FOR 2026

                              ----------                              

                                            Tuesday, June 10, 2025.

            U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

                                WITNESS

HON. SCOTT TURNER, SECRETARY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN 
    DEVELOPMENT
    Mr. Womack. The subcommittee will come to order. Today, I 
welcome the Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban 
Development, the Honorable Scott Turner, a Big Ten champion in 
a previous life. Mr. Secretary, I want to thank you for being 
here to discuss HUD's fiscal year 2026 budget request. I also 
want to thank you for your visit recently to my district in 
April. It was great to have you on the ground to see the impact 
of HUD programs in my district. Let me add, we caught a 
Razorback baseball game while we were there, and in a shameless 
plug, I will give my Razorbacks some credit for making it to 
Omaha, where they will play Saturday evening against those 
Bengal Tigers of LSU.
    It is this committee's responsibility to complete our work 
on time. I believe we can achieve this goal, and I am pleased 
that under Chairman Cole's leadership, we have already begun 
marking up 12 appropriation bills for fiscal year 2026. At the 
same time, it is our expectation that the departments under our 
jurisdiction spend the funds consistently with the way we 
appropriate them. We appreciate your partnership as you 
continue to fully implement the funds Congress made available 
to HUD for fiscal 2025. HUD's request for new budget authority 
in fiscal year 2026 is $33.2 billion. That is a $35.5 billion 
decrease. Let me say that again. That is not a typo. $35.5 
billion decrease from the fiscal year 2025 enacted. HUD also 
uses mortgage guarantee fees from the Federal Housing 
Administration and the Government National Mortgage Association 
to offset its spending. The Congressional Budget Office 
estimates $6.9 billion in offsetting receipts for fiscal year 
2026. That is a billion and a half dollars less than receipts 
in 2025. Regardless of what the administration sent over in its 
budget request, the CBO score is what we have to live with, 
which means we are in an even deeper hole than the President's 
budget, which suggests, to state the obvious, this is a 
significant reduction in the discretionary budget authority for 
the department.
    Mr. Secretary, you heard in April in my district that many 
Arkansans are struggling to afford the rising cost of housing. 
Of course, it is not unique to Northwest Arkansas. The Census 
Bureau's American Community Survey found that 31 percent of 
American households were cost-burdened due to rising housing 
costs in 2023, including 27 percent of households with a 
mortgage and 50 percent of households with rent. This is why 
HUD's impact is felt in every district. Through its rental 
assistance programs, HUD ensures that the poor, veterans, the 
elderly, and those with disabilities can live with dignity. It 
provides economic development dollars for local governments, 
helps fight home-based hazards, and provides a hand-up for 
communities recovering from disasters.
    Because of your department's important mission, Secretary 
Turner, I am deeply concerned about the deep cuts the 
administration's budget makes to HUD. These proposed cuts would 
radically affect HUD's mission and operations. I am interested 
in hearing how a $27.6 billion reduction to HUD's rental 
assistance programs will help HUD serve our Nation's most 
vulnerable. Your proposal is light on details on how the 
formula for your proposed state rental assistance program will 
ultimately work. I am also curious how HUD will support 
community development in low-and moderate-income communities 
when some of its most important and popular programs, like 
community development block grants, have been zeroed out. These 
programmatic changes need to go through the authorizing 
committees, particularly the proposals to block grant 
assistance to the states and the dramatic changes on how we 
combat homelessness in America. These ambitious proposals 
require an all-in effort. I welcome ongoing dialogue with our 
authorizing colleagues.
    HUD's program should work better for the American people. 
You and I have discussed how there is fat to cut at HUD. But if 
we cut too deep and if we cut too fast, HUD's programs will not 
serve the communities you and I have pledged to help. I look 
forward to learning about your goals for HUD for this upcoming 
fiscal year and beyond. This subcommittee stands ready to work 
with you to better serve all Americans as we write this year's 
THUD bill.
    I would now like to recognize the Ranking Member and my 
partner in this effort, the gentleman from South Carolina, Mr. 
Clyburn, for his opening statement.
    Mr. Clyburn. Thank you very much Mr. Chairman, and welcome 
Mr. Secretary. I think we can all agree that housing is a basic 
human need and serves as a foundation for education, health, 
and financial outcomes for nearly every family in America. And 
where you live matters. Without a safe and stable place to 
live, it is difficult for families to improve educational 
outcomes, maintain good health, or increase their earnings and 
build wealth.
    Across the country, more than 771,000 people are 
experiencing homelessness, and 75 percent of low-income renters 
spend more than half of their income on rent. According to the 
Census Bureau, last year, the annual cost of renting grew 
faster, 3.8 percent, than home values, 1.8 percent, for the 
first time since 2011. This comes at a time when more than 56 
percent of African American households and 53 percent of 
Hispanic households pay more than 30 percent of their income on 
rent, compared to less than 47 percent of White Americans. 
Meanwhile, because of existing budget constraints, only one in 
five families can receive Federal rental assistance. Despite 
these despairing realities, your department's 2026 budget 
request proposes to cut HUD funding by more than half. This is 
not only unacceptable but unrealistic, given the dire need to 
lower the cost of living for Americans.
    As the Secretary of your budget proposal to eliminate 
Section 8 public housing, housing for the elderly, housing for 
persons with disabilities, housing for persons with HIV/AIDS, 
and the continuum of care programs. Instead, you are proposing 
to establish a so-called state rental assistance program to 
block grant rent payments via a formula you have yet to define. 
Your budget also proposes to eliminate nearly all of HUD's 
housing construction, supply, and preservation programs. Time 
does not permit me to enumerate all of them. These so-called 
reforms would shift HUD program costs onto low-income 
residents. And I have yet to see from your budget evidence that 
funding that we could save in these time limits and work 
requirements if they become law. This doesn't help families who 
already are working multiple jobs to become self-sufficient. 
Instead, it creates chaos and financial uncertainty and pushes 
these families into more severe trade-offs. A choice of feeding 
your family, paying for medications, or paying rent.
    Lastly, I would be remiss if I did not highlight the cuts 
to fair housing enforcement and your attempts to deregulate 
long-standing civil rights law. Mr. Secretary, let's remember 
the long and painful history that led to the creation of the 
Fair Housing Law. The Federal Housing Administration, banks, 
and insurance companies literally drew red lines on maps around 
the neighborhoods where they refused to provide home loans and 
insurance to otherwise qualified home buyers. I know. I was 
born in one of them, and I currently live in one of them.
    This discrimination extended to Black veterans returning 
from World War II, Korea, and Vietnam. These men and women had 
served their country yet were excluded from the GI Bill's 
housing benefits that were transformational for White families. 
Black Veterans were denied VA-backed loans. Of the first 3,350 
VA home loans in Mississippi, only two went to blacks. Not 2 
percent. Two out of 3,350. Not even fighting for our country 
abroad earned Blacks a fair shot at the American Dream here at 
home.
    Black families were denied the primary path to building 
generational wealth, and that created a racial wealth gap that 
persists to this day. I know this as well. I serve on two of 
the boards of the predecessor banks to what is now Bank of 
America. I chaired the Community Reinvestment Act Committee, 
and I served on the Audit Committee. I led the investigations 
into my own bank for its discrimination. The Fair Housing Law 
of 1968 represents a simple but crucial promise that every 
American would have an equal opportunity to secure safe, decent 
housing.
    Unfortunately, since the start of this administration, we 
have seen an attack on long-standing laws that were enacted to 
stop excluding Blacks from the drapelessness of this country. 
The current state of housing and the cost of living in America 
calls on us to question our National priorities. Unfortunately, 
Mr. Secretary, this budget proposal ignores far too many 
realities, and it is not a reflection of what should be the 
values of our country. It is an exploitation of our most 
vulnerable.
    Mr. Chairman, I implore my colleagues on this panel to work 
together to find some real solutions to the housing crisis and 
drive down the cost of living, not increase the economic 
burdens on every American. And I yield back.
    Mr. Womack. I thank the ranking member. Before I introduce 
our witness this morning, the chair recognizes a very familiar 
face in the front row on the HUD staff, Graydon Daubert, former 
staffer for this subcommittee. Mr. Secretary, you got a really 
good one there.
    Secretary Turner. Indeed, sir.
    Mr. Womack. But stop the poaching.
    Secretary Turner. It is a team. We are all one team.
    Mr. Womack. He is a good man and a valuable asset. And I 
know you will enjoy his service to your organization.
    At this time, I am going to recognize you for your opening 
statement. The entire prepared statement will be included in 
the record.
    Secretary Turner. Yes.
    Mr. Womack. But we are going to give you 5 minutes to 
briefly summarize your comments, and then we will open our 
question and answer period. And with that, Mr. Secretary, the 
floor is yours.

                 STATEMENT OF HON. SCOTT TURNER

    Secretary Turner. Well, thank you, Mr. Chairman. And good 
morning to you, Chairman Womack, Vice Chair Bice, Ranking 
Member Clyburn, and all the distinguished members of this 
subcommittee. Thank you for this opportunity to testify today 
in support of President Trump's 2026 budget for the United 
States Department on Housing and Urban Development. And again, 
thank you, Chairman Womack, for having me in Arkansas and 
showing me innovative housing solutions there in your district 
in April.
    Members, we have a small window of opportunity to help 
every American achieve the dream of home ownership. And the 
clock is indeed ticking. As of this past April, the National 
median home price is $414,000, up from more than $341,000 in 
April of 2021. And this is a dramatic increase of more than 21 
percent. It became very hard for Americans to afford homes due 
to the policies of the Biden administration, which have been 
marked by negligence and a lack of stewardship of American 
taxpayer dollars.
    We cannot keep running the same plays that are causing 
Americans to lose. It is time to run new plays and get a new 
playbook, and this budget, the President's fiscal year 2026, is 
indeed that new playbook. It requests $43.5 billion for the 
Department of Housing and Urban Development to fund critical 
programs and provide greater fiscal responsibility and 
restraint. It carries out President Trump's Day One directive 
to increase housing supply and make it affordable again. This 
budget supports HUD's mission, and we will indeed maximize the 
funds Congress, and you and your colleagues provide to us, no 
matter what the amount, be it $10 billion or $10.
    We have been taking inventory of every program and found 
HUD's rental assistance to be full of waste, fraud, and abuse. 
It is broken and deviated from its original purpose, which is 
to temporarily help Americans in need. HUD assistance is not 
supposed to be permanent. It should be a trampoline, not a 
hammock, not a resting place. It is supposed to be like a 
Treadway, which is a military bridge which is used temporarily 
to get over obstacles and then is removed.
    We are also eliminating radical political agendas and 
wasteful spending at HUD. We identified as an example $260 
million in savings for taxpayers. We canceled $4 million in DEI 
contracts that had nothing to do with HUD and recovered an 
additional $1.9 billion from inactive contracts that should 
have been closed out during the Biden administration. We have 
seen that pouring money into programs just fuels its existing 
status, which is not good. No. Here we are, reversing course to 
be efficient and effective, not bloated and bureaucratic. We 
want to be efficient and effective, not bloated and 
bureaucratic.
    We are also undoing harmful regulations, including the 
Obama-Biden era, affirmatively furthering fair housing rule, 
which effectively turned HUD into a National zoning board. We 
are cutting red tape, and that is important. But we are also 
increasing the housing stock and opportunities for first-time 
home buyers. The Federal Housing Administration, FHA, which 
insures mortgages on more than 7 million homes and has insured 
mortgages for more than 140,000 first-time home buyers since 
January when President Trump returned to the White House. In 
addition, we are ending taxpayer-funded subsidies for HUD 
programs for illegal aliens entering our country.
    But HUD is more than just housing. We streamline the 
disaster recovery process to help funding to get to communities 
more quickly and efficiently. For our tribal communities, we 
announced $2.2 million under the expansion of the Tribal HUD-
VASH program to address veteran homelessness. And for our rural 
communities, we have convened roundtables in states around the 
country and discussed solutions for workforce housing. 
Returning HUD to its intended purpose, serving Americans 
through localized solutions.
    The President's budget continues this approach by limiting 
the size and the spending of Federal programs. It proposes a 
state-based formula grant to encourage states to have skin in 
the game for the funding and design of their own rental 
assistance. The block grant will empower states to be more 
thoughtful and precise in their stewardship.
    HUD currently has 30,000 program awardees and recipients. 
No wonder the system is plagued by abuse. Empowering states 
through this reimagined system would prone the administrative 
burden and maintain necessary assistance for the elderly and 
the abused. The budget also continues our commitment to promote 
economic independence and adopt compassionate common sense and 
historically a bipartisan conversation around reforms like time 
limits and work limits to encourage able-bodied residents to 
move up and get out of assisted housing.
    It addresses our Nation's homelessness crisis by returning 
solutions to the local authorities. The President's budget 
saves billions of taxpayer dollars and helps restore fiscal 
responsibility. And Mr. Chairman, in order to properly serve 
the American people, we must care about our mission, care about 
the ones that we serve, and care about this country. And that 
is what HUD is, and that is what we have returned to do, sir. 
So, the 2026 HUD budget request will allow us to operate at a 
standard of excellence that we have not in previous years and 
return the President's golden age. I am in support of this and 
look forward to Mr. Chairman talking to you and your 
distinguished colleagues. Thank you, sir, for your time.
    [The information follows:]
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    Mr. Womack. Thank you, Mr. Secretary. There is at least one 
other committee meeting that is underway this morning that will 
carry some of our members away, including the ranking member of 
the full committee and the Chairman of the full committee, who 
may or may not come in time here. If they do, I want to 
recognize them----
    Secretary Turner. Okay.
    Mr. Womack [continuing]. When they get here so that we can 
maximize their appearance.
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Womack. But the Defense Subcommittee is meeting this 
morning with the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the 
Joint Chiefs in order to get the posture hearing for that 
budget framework.
    And so, now, let's go to the Q&A portion of our meeting 
this morning. Mr. Secretary, I appreciate your commitment to 
reforming our Federal rental assistance programs. The current 
system, as you have already articulated, is rife with 
inefficiency. The Administration's request proposes placing the 
major HUD rental assistance programs, tenant-based, project-
based, and public housing, into a single state rental 
assistance block grant program that you referenced in your 
opening. This is a substantial change to business as usual.
    Now, as we consider this proposal, I want to make sure that 
we are good stewards of taxpayer dollars while still meeting 
our obligation to help those most in need. I would also note 
that an overhaul of these programs would need the work of the 
authorizing committee, that of financial services. I support 
reforms that promote work, that reduce dependency and give 
state and local governments more control.
    But I want to ensure that we are not creating gaps that 
could lead to increased homelessness or hardship for vulnerable 
populations.
    So, Mr. Secretary, can you walk us through the concept of 
how proposed block grant programs like this would maintain 
assistance to the approximate 10 million Americans currently 
served by these programs?
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir. Yes, sir, Mr. Chairman, and 
thank you for your question. As you stated, and I stated in my 
opening remarks, you know, the status quo is not good enough. 
And the way that we have been going about serving the American 
people from a HUD perspective is no longer good enough.
    And so, with this new paradigm,--it is indeed a paradigm 
shift. It is a culture shift. The goal here is not to serve 
less Americans. The goal here is to serve Americans better. And 
so, to give states an opportunity to have skin in the game, to 
identify their unique need, and then to be very deliberative 
about how they put the resources out as it pertains to rental 
assistance, as it pertains to taking care of the most 
vulnerable in their state. And there is a focus in this budget, 
Mr. Chairman, to take care of the elderly and those that are 
disabled.
    And when you look at HUD, HUD has had record funding over 
the past few years. In the last 8 years, HUD's budget went from 
$42 billion to $77 billion. And yet, HUD lost focus of its most 
basic mission. We are only able, currently, to serve one out of 
four eligible families at HUD. And that is unacceptable when 
you have a $70 to $77 billion budget. And so, this is a 
paradigm shift.
    You know, playing in the NFL and playing in sports, you 
know, when you have a playbook, or you are running plays that 
are not, that are not working, the best teams that I have seen 
are those that go in, they make adjustments, say, well, we can 
no longer run this play because it is causing us to lose. So, 
let's run a new play. Let's reimagine what we are doing. I 
don't like to lose, Mr. Chairman, and Ranking Member. I don't 
like to lose, and I don't like the American people to lose. And 
so, we have to do something different in this country.
    It is not about just throwing money at situations. It is 
about what we do with the money that we have to best serve 
effectively and efficiently the people of our country. And that 
is my mindset. That is my heart. It is not about the money for 
me. It is about the people. And we are returning HUD to that 
focus, mission minded. We understand what our call is, we 
understand who we have been called to serve, and we understand 
the critical mission. And so, at HUD, currently, that is what 
we are focused on.
    Mr. Womack. So, to use a football vernacular, when we break 
huddle on this block grant program, what conditions will be in 
place? What will you do to ensure that we have adequate service 
levels for, you mentioned, the elderly, for the disabled, 
people that are very vulnerable in their lives? What assurances 
do we have? What can we do to ensure that there is a service 
level that is fitting for these individuals?
    Secretary Turner. Thank you, sir, and that is a great 
question. So, in this SRAP, State Rental Assistance Program, 
there is money in the budget from our PD&R program office at 
HUD to make sure that we work with states to implement an 
appropriate strategy and also to work with you and your 
colleagues on this committee to make sure that this strategy is 
serving the most vulnerable in our country.
    HUD is a great facilitator of this, and we are very 
focused. And as you see in the budget, there is money set aside 
so that we don't just say there is a new program, but we can 
say this is how we are going to join in with states and join in 
with stakeholders to implement and execute this program. And 
so, those conversations have begun and will continue, and we 
welcome your input, you and your colleague's input, to make 
sure that this new strategy works effectively for the people we 
serve.
    Mr. Womack. Thank you, sir. Mr. Clyburn.
    Mr. Clyburn. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Let me, if 
I might consider--I am not going to do football. I played the 
game, not at the level you played it, but I am a pretty good 
golfer, and I know that If I have got 150 yards to get to the 
green, it doesn't matter what club I use. What matters is what 
skill I have got. That is what matters. And I always hear 
people say, what club do you use? What does it mean to you? You 
are not the same as I am. So therefore, at soon to be 85 years 
old, it is going to cost me a little more with a 6 iron that is 
going to cost this young man over here. So, get the right 
equipment.
    Now, so if you tell me that HUD has been ineffective, do 
you cure ineffectiveness by refocusing or do you cure it by 
eliminating? So, if you say, well, I have been ineffective, you 
eliminate the funds, how does that make HUD effective? Tell me 
about refocus.
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir. And I have heard that you are a 
great golfer. I do look forward to playing with you. Your 8 
iron might be a different club than mine, but you are right; it 
is a skill.
    I am reminded that during the previous administration, 
during COVID with a $70 billion budget, sir, HUD hired 2,000 
people during COVID, most of which stayed home. And there was 
continuous waste, fraud, and abuse. And so, when you have that 
many people and still not carry out the job, and you have that 
much funding and still not carry out the job for the American 
people, then we have to refocus. And part of that refocus is 
taking inventory of staff, taking inventory of the budget, 
taking inventory where the budget is going. And currently, in 
the programs we have, we don't have a lot of purview, if you 
will, and transparency, if you will, where the money is going, 
is it serving those that are supposed to be serving. And so 
part of this refocus is to bring that back to house and bring 
it to the stage to say, now, let's have more transparency. 
Let's have more accountability. And so, when I look at refocus, 
and I look at the skill set, all of that, to me, is in the same 
bucket.
    Mr. Clyburn. Don't you----
    Secretary Turner. When you look at your people, are you 
doing a job you have been called to do? Are you doing at the 
level you have been called to do it? And is there transparency 
in the process that we have? And at HUD, that is what they are 
doing. And, sir, I said it in my confirmation process that we 
are going to take inventory of every program office at HUD, we 
are going to maximize the budget that we do have, and we are 
going to serve the people that we are supposed to be serving. 
So, the amount of people, the amount of money, that is not the 
deal here. Because with the tremendous amount of money and a 
tremendous amount of people, we haven't, prior to us getting 
here, carried out the job we have been called to carry out.
    Mr. Clyburn. I agree with you, but I think that to deal 
with COVID is a false. This is a false narrative here. I 
chaired the Select Subcommittee for the Coronavirus. I knew 
where the fraud was, and it wasn't in housing. The billions and 
billions and billions of fraudulent money went to some pretty 
wealthy people, at least one of whom is in this administration 
right now. So, that is not the criteria that we ought to use 
here. Let's look at what the needs are and how we need to equip 
ourselves for these needs.
    Now, you mentioned the Obama-Biden administration. If you 
want to cure what you see to be the problem of the Obama-Biden 
administration, why would you advocate the Andrew Johnson and 
the Woodrow Wilson administrations? And I used those two 
administrations because I disliked them immensely, and they 
were Democrats. So, I want you to think this is policy. Woodrow 
Wilson was a Democrat and, I think, one of the worst presidents 
we ever had. So this is not policy here. This is whether or not 
we are going to have a program to meet the needs of the 
American people or whether we are going to just get rid of and 
throw out the baby with the bathwater. And that is what you 
seem to be doing here with half of the budget. And then you 
tell me you want to refocus the agency with what? With what 
equipment? The five iron, or will you leave it in the bag?
    Secretary Turner. Well, I think it is the right equipment 
for the situation. And right now, prior to us being here, we 
haven't been using the right equipment for the right situation.
    Mr. Clyburn. So, what is the right equipment?
    Secretary Turner. Well, the right equipment, sir, is called 
transparency. It is called inventory. It is called, you know, 
let's refocus and let's have a new paradigm. And, you know, you 
talk about the Biden-Obama administration, and I make note to 
them just because that is what----
    Mr. Clyburn. No, you did.
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir. Because that is where the rule 
came, not politics. And so, sir, I will assure you that my 
heart and my focus is on serving the American people. And we 
are refocusing in order to do that appropriately. Thank you, 
sir.
    Mr. Clyburn. Okay. I will yield back, Mr. Chairman.
    Mr. Womack. You will get a mulligan here and in another 
little while when we do a second round.
    Mr. Clyburn. I look forward to it.
    Mr. Womack. How's that?
    Mr. Clyburn. Thank you.
    Mr. Womack. Sheriff.
    Mr. Rutherford. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, ranking member. 
Mr. Secretary, you know we are facing historic shortages of 
affordable housing. And one of the, I thought, one of the best 
programs that HUD had was the SHOP program, where nonprofits 
would actually assist people in home ownership. And I can tell 
you, as a former sheriff, everywhere in my community, and we 
did this on purpose in Jacksonville, Florida, we went into the 
most challenged neighborhoods, working with these nonprofit 
groups who would then bring homeownership into these areas, 
these most challenged public safety areas, and everywhere that 
home ownership went up, violent crime went down. And so, that 
is why I love this SHOP program because it puts people into 
home ownership. I like SRAP, but I really want people to own 
homes because I know it changes the whole community. So can you 
tell me a little bit about, you know, how are we going to 
address this issue if we are doing away with SHOP?
    Secretary Turner. Thank you, Sheriff. I really appreciate 
it--sorry, Congressman. Thank you for your service in law 
enforcement. You know, again, I reiterate that this is a new 
way of looking at how we distribute funds. And by bringing in 
the states and bringing in localities and giving them the 
flexibility to identify programs, such as you stated, that have 
been successful, then they'll have the ability to continue to 
fund and work with those programs. I, too, am for the 
workforce. I, too, am for skills training and home ownership. 
Moving from rent to home ownership, moving from being 
subsidized to now living a life of self-sufficiency. And that 
is the heart here.
    Mr. Rutherford. So, if I could interrupt. So, you have 
SRAP, which is going to be basically a block grant for rental 
assistance programs. And you are saying there is going to be 
another block grant process where programs like SHOP can be 
funded out of if the state or the city decides that is how they 
want to use those funds?
    Secretary Turner. No, sir. Not an additional block grant 
but included with.
    Mr. Rutherford. Included in the SRAP?
    Secretary Turner. Yes, include with. When I say this, 
meaning that the states will have the authority and the 
flexibility to identify programs that are doing well and be 
able to not just fund those but support those opportunities in 
the states that you are talking about in particular, like SHOP, 
that you mentioned.
    Mr. Rutherford. Yeah, but all of those others are rental 
assistance programs.
    Secretary Turner. They are. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Rutherford. You are saying that those dollars will also 
be used for home ownership, affordable home ownership?
    Secretary Turner. No, sir. What I am saying is that when 
you have--when you have programs that promote home ownership, 
when you have programs that promote----
    Mr. Rutherford. They won't promote----
    Secretary Turner. [continuing]. Individuals being able to 
buy homes, states will now be able to identify those better 
than the Federal Government. The Federal Government is not the 
one that identifies those unique needs like states. And so, 
this, the whole paradigm is to return that back to the states 
as it pertains to rental assistance that we talked about. And 
so, this is a refocusing of taking the Federal Government out 
of it and putting the states in charge and in control of how 
they want to distribute the funds.
    Mr. Rutherford. Okay. Let me ask one more question in this 
round. In Jacksonville, we had a project-based rental 
assistance program, Eureka Gardens. I don't know if you are 
familiar with that, but this is dealing with public housing 
units and basic safety and quality standards and how those 
complaints and inspections are handled. What sort of oversight 
do you see HUD having for those--for those rental facilities? 
You know, this one got so bad that we actually had an 
explosion, and I mean, it was horrible. How do we improve the 
inspector training and accountability to make sure those 
inspections are consistent and reliable across the board?
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir. And HUD will still be involved, 
obviously, when it comes to inspections such as this. You know, 
I have traveled around the country and visited public housing 
authorities and seen some of the conditions that people are 
living in across our country. And some of them are deplorable. 
And so obviously, HUD will continue to be involved as such so 
that those public housing authorities are safe, that they are 
secure for the residents that are living there.
    Mr. Rutherford. Okay. So even with the block grant, you are 
still going to be in the inspection business?
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Rutherford. Thank you. Mr. Chairman, I see my time is 
up. I yield back.
    Mr. Womack. Thank you, Sheriff. Mr. Quigley.
    Mr. Quigley. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Secretary, I 
don't know if you really believe all this stuff or you are just 
parroting what you are told to say because--let me begin. I 
wrote reports on this that were detailed about how to 
streamline and consolidate government and make it more 
effective. Not because I hate it, but because it is so 
important and the resources are scarce. But there is absolutely 
no details. So, when you just say refocus and reform, it falls 
on deaf ears. It doesn't mean anything. You can talk about 
compassion, but no reform measures are going to be able to 
allow us to cut HUD by 50 percent and not have our most 
vulnerable people, seniors, kids, and people with HIV/AIDS on 
the street.
    Mr. Secretary, you have to understand that housing is 
everything. Housing for people with HOPWA. HOPWA is health 
care. These people will die. There is no way you can believe 
that a 50 percent cut won't mean a dramatic increase in people 
being put on the street. So just--you can say what you want, 
but it is when you cut the programs like pro, which is designed 
to remove regulations, something you seem to be focused on, 
that are stopping localities from building more housing. It is 
just, it defies credibility. So, if you just want to say we got 
to cut these things because that is our plan, I would respect 
you a lot more than telling us that you care about people as 
you put them on the street.
    So, let's just talk about HOPWA for a second. It zeros out 
HOPWA and says they currently can receive emergency short-term 
and medium-term assistance through the emergency grants 
program. But 64 percent of the people on HOPWA are not short-
term folks. 2 years isn't enough for them. And the Emergency 
Solutions Grant, which is going to solve all the problems, is 
now supposed to absorb seven existing programs, including this, 
and a cut of $532 million.
    I don't know if you have known anybody who died from HIV/
AIDS. I have, so it is personal for people in my district and 
myself. So, what is the detailed plan that says those folks 
aren't going to go on the street where they won't get their 
medication and they'll die?
    Secretary Turner. Thank you, sir. And I will say, sir, I am 
not just speaking. I do actually care, and I do actually 
believe in what I am saying. If I didn't believe it, I wouldn't 
say it. You know, as a Christian, as a pastor, I care about all 
people. And when you talk about HOPWA, and you talk about the 
Emergency Solutions Grant, you know, this will help us to 
better serve people in the community. This will help us to more 
effectively and efficiently serve people in the community.
    Mr. Quigley. How?
    Secretary Turner. HUD had record funding. 770,000 people 
were homeless in January of 2024. And the point-in-time report, 
on one single night, January 2024, 770,000 people were 
homeless. And so, when I say refocus, I really mean to refocus 
because that is unacceptable when you have record funding and 
yet you have almost 800,000 people on the streets. Why would we 
continue to do the same thing that we have been doing, and it 
is not working appropriately?
    Mr. Quigley. So, the alternative is besides just saying we 
are going to refocus, you are going to find a place for these 
folks to stay overnight. Okay, let's just talk us, Christians. 
There is something about the story of the Bible in Christ 
having not a place to stay, right? So that is on your mind. 
Faith without acts is dead.
    Secretary Turner. That is right.
    Mr. Quigley. What is your detail?
    Secretary Turner. Yeah, faith.
    Mr. Quigley. Besides saying that you have--your faith won't 
put a house over their head?
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir. Faith, what I was going to say, 
faith without action is dead. And this is the action that we 
are going to take.
    Mr. Quigley. What?
    Secretary Turner. To do it better.
    Mr. Quigley. How?
    Secretary TURNER. Because what we have been doing is not 
working. And I believe that----
    Mr. Quigley. What is plan B?
    Secretary Turner. I believe that you all, your committee, 
we should have been asking what and how way before today.
    Mr. Quigley. I wrote those reports.
    Secretary Turner. Yeah.
    Mr. Quigley. I am with you if you have details and how.
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Quigley. But all you are doing is cutting and there is 
not even a transition period.
    Secretary Turner. Sir, we are going to be more effective 
and more efficient.
    Mr. Quigley. How?
    Secretary Turner. We are not just cutting. It is a new 
paradigm.
    Mr. Quigley. How?
    Secretary Turner. It is a new way to do things.
    Mr. Quigley. Let's come up with more words than compassion 
and paradigm. Detailed plans where these----
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Quigley [continuing]. Folks are going to stay in the 
meantime.
    Secretary Turner. And we look forward to working with you 
and your staff on--on those strategies, and I commit to that. 
It is not just words. We will be happy to work with you, sir, 
if you are willing to work with us.
    Mr. Womack. Thank you, Mr. Quigley.
    Secretary Turner. Okay.
    Mr. Womack. Before I recognize Mr. Gonzales, who is our 
next questioner, I am going to be stepping aside from the gavel 
here for the remainder of this hearing so that I can get to the 
Defense Subcommittee and ask some appropriate questions there. 
I will be yielding the gavel to Ms. Bice here after this line 
of questioning. Mr. Gonzales.
    Mr. Gonzales. Thank you, Chairman, and thank you, Mr. 
Secretary, for your service to our--to our great country. I am 
a military veteran. I served 20 years in the military. Chairman 
Womack's a veteran. Secretary Zinke is a veteran. My question 
is on homeless veterans. My first question. One of the issues I 
care deeply about is homeless veterans. Back in 2024, HUD 
identified that on any given night, there are more than 32,000 
homeless veterans. That is 32,000 too many. This issue hits 
close to home in my district in rural parts like Alpine and Van 
Horn, where there is little to no affordable housing supply, 
and in urban areas like San Antonio and El Paso, the housing 
availability for homeless veterans through HUD is often 
substandard or inadequate. Secretary Turner, would you be 
willing to visit my district so we can work together on this 
issue and find solutions to address the challenges facing both 
rural and urban homeless veterans?
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir, Congressman Gonzales, thank 
you. It is great to meet you. I do commit to visiting you and 
your district to come up with these viable solutions and also 
working with my colleague, Secretary Collins, as it pertains to 
veterans and veterans homelessness.
    Mr. Gonzales. Thank you for that. My next--well, will be a 
comment on the Community Development Block Grants. The 
Community Development Block Grants have been a vital tool in my 
district, especially in the Colonias. I mean, these are 
communities that don't have running water. It is absolutely 
atrocious the conditions they are in. They are in predominantly 
rural, unincorporated communities that often lack less than 
basic infrastructure like running water, waste system, 
electricity, and paved roads. But I would also urge the HUD to 
take a serious look at preserving this program or making sure 
that it just isn't completely removed with the right safeguards 
in place. I believe we got to find the waste and the abuse, and 
I love the idea of how do you change it, right? It is not 
working. How do you fix it? So, to that, continuing to find 
critical and infrastructure improvements in this community 
through that program I think is important.
    My next question is on--is on foster youth. One of the 
things I encouraged--I was encouraged to see in HUD's budget 
request was the inclusion of $25 million for foster youth to 
independence grants. As a member of the Congressional Caucus on 
Foster Youth, I recognize how critical these programs are for--
how critical these programs are for helping youth transition 
out of the foster care system. Last year, I passed a bill in 
the House Find and Protect Your Foster Act. So clearly, it is 
important. Is HUD--my question is this, is HUD actively helping 
to track the number of fostered youth who experience 
homelessness, and what steps is HUD taking to ensure vulnerable 
populations don't fall through these cracks?
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir. Thank you, Congressman. And we, 
too, are glad and excited that we have money in the budget to 
make sure that our youth that are aging out of foster care have 
a solid ground to land on, as we know that being in foster care 
is very difficult for our youth. And when I was in the House of 
Representatives sitting on the committee dealing with foster 
care and our youth in foster care, so I, too, have a heart for 
this and so happy to be working with the First Lady and her 
team and you and your team on how we help, from a HUD 
perspective, these youth that are aging out of foster care to 
make sure that they have safe and sustainable places to stay 
and get on a good trajectory for their lives.
    Mr. Gonzales. I appreciate you making it a priority, and I 
look forward. Once again, I like the idea of, hey, how do we--
how do we reimagine things? And I think this is a positive part 
of that reimagination. Very personal to me. My wife was a 
foster child, and so I want to make sure that we work together 
to see that program get off the ground and grow and be 
productive.
    My last question is on law enforcement housing. I represent 
nearly half of the overall Southern border places like Eagle 
Pass, Del Rio, El Paso. My district has been ground zero for 
this border crisis. As a result, we have seen a large surge of 
law enforcement personnel from CBP, and the National Guard 
deployed to this area. But in many cases, these are small rural 
communities, and there is simply not enough housing supply to 
meet the need. Out in West Texas, for example, I have been 
fighting to secure housing for first responders. My question is 
this, given the President's commitment to supporting first 
responders, what is HUD doing to ensure that first responders 
and those that are deployed to these areas have affordable and 
adequate housing?
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir, Congressman, and thank you for 
that. You know, I, too, have a heart, and it is top priority of 
our first responders and all Americans to make sure that they 
have affordable, sustainable places to stay. And obviously, you 
know, we have our FHA program, and the President, too, is a 
priority of his. And so, we look forward to working with you 
and your colleagues and your staff on how we can ensure and 
help our first responders as they, too, look for housing to 
purchase and rent in your district and around the country.
    Mr. Gonzales. Thank you for that. Because as we surge these 
people to these areas, there is just--there is just no housing. 
And that is, that has been one of the take-backs. You can't 
just put pieces on a board that you got to drill down a little 
bit. So, thank you again for your testimony. I look forward to 
working with you. And Chairwoman, I yield back.
    Secretary Turner. Thank you.
    Mrs. Bice [Presiding]. Thank you. Next up we have Mrs. 
Watson Coleman. You have 5 minutes, Mrs. Coleman.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman. Thank you. Welcome, Mr. Secretary. You 
have said a lot today. You have not answered one question, but 
you are consistent. You have not answered the how's, all the 
questions that the Republicans have asked. And you certainly 
haven't asked--answered how you are going to make something 
happen on this side either. What I am concerned about is how 
you could even open your mouth and say that you care about this 
population or these populations when you are willing to come 
here and advocate for a 51 percent reduction in the budget. And 
so, I want to go over a little bit of this stuff with you 
because I don't think you are refocusing. I think you are 
devastating, and this is a ludicrous proposal.
    I am sure you know that 74 percent of Americans are 
concerned about housing, and 771,000, you mentioned it, are 
currently homeless. I know you know the 7.6 million, including 
2.9 million children, are facing the threat of eviction. I know 
that you know that this budget does not usher us into any 
alleged golden age but perhaps a gilded age. I am unsure how 
you and this administration arrived at the decision to cut HUD 
by 51 percent, specifically $45.6 billion, during a period of 
rising homelessness and housing insecurity. I want to remind 
you that 4 years ago you were here.
    You and the administration are going to try to sell the 
American people a story that these cuts are justified. And you 
are giving--while you want to give your money back to very 
wealthy donors. It is my job to show the American people that 
these are unjustifiable cuts. And so here, let us go with this.
    A 40 percent cut to rental and homeless assistance programs 
totaling $27.25 billion. A $53 billion cut to Section 8 rental 
assistance. An $8.8 billion cut to public housing. A $1.2 
billion cut to Sections 202 and 811 programs for the elderly 
and disabled. A $505 million cut to HOPWA. A $22 billion cut to 
HUD's Housing Construction Supply and Preservation program. A 
$1.25 billion cut to the HOME program. You care about home 
ownership? I don't think so.
    A $75 billion cut to the Choice Neighborhoods program. A 
$12 million cut to the SHOP program. A $6 million cut to Rural 
Capacity Building grants. A $10 million cut to the PRICE 
program. A $296 million cut to the Lead Hazard Reduction and 
Healthy Home program's grant. A $3.3 billion cut to Community 
Development Block Grants. A $100 million cut to PRO Housing. A 
$196 million cut to Family Self-Sufficiency programs. A $58 
million cut to housing counseling. A $101.4 million cut to fair 
housing.
    Now, Secretary, I am sure you know that these cuts will 
successfully increase housing instability and evictions. I am 
sure you know that those facing evictions don't have a right to 
counsel. I am sure you also know that your budget is making 
massive cuts to legal aid for those facing evictions and 
homelessness. So I am sure you know that cutting rental 
assistance, eliminating fair housing protections, and defunding 
legal aid will not reduce homelessness and eviction in this 
country.
    I am sure you are aware that you are worsening the housing 
crisis with your budget proposal. If you really believe that 
you would not, you would not slash your agency's budget by over 
50 percent.
    And by the way, you talk about giving the authority back to 
the state. You want to give them authority, but you don't want 
to give them resources. You can't do anything with your 
rhetoric and your narrative. You got to show with your actions 
and with your resources.
    And last but not least, I want you to tell me what DEI 
contracts you have terminated. What does that mean? Did you 
terminate contracts to veterans? Did you terminate contracts to 
disability organizations? Did you terminate contracts to Black 
contractors? Did you terminate to Latino or Asian or whatever? 
What the heck are you talking about eliminating DEI contracts 
in HUD? Who is your population? Who should you be looking 
after? It is shameful and you ought to be ashamed of being 
here.
    You don't have to answer any question because you haven't 
answered one yet.
    Secretary Turner. Ms. Vice Chairman, I would actually like 
to answer her.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman. I yield back. I don't need your 
answer.
    Secretary Turner. Okay. Thank you, Congress lady. You know, 
and thank you for stating all the stats of our budget. We 
really appreciate that because it just reiterates my point that 
with record funding, HUD has still not carried out its most 
basic mission. And I have answered questions.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman. Don't act like you haven't been here, 
sir. Just 4 years ago, you were here. Don't act like you care--
--
    Mrs. Bice. Mrs. Watson Coleman.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman [continuing]. About this population.
    Mrs. Bice. Mrs. Watson Coleman, if you will let him answer 
the question.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman. I don't need----
    Mrs. Bice. Your time has expired.
    Mrs. Watson Coleman. Listen, I reclaimed my time back. I 
yielded my time. You want to let him waste your time? You let 
him.
    Secretary Turner. Thank you, Madam Vice Chair. And thank 
you, Mrs. Watson Coleman. Thank you for reiterating my point 
that status quo is not good enough, that also homelessness has 
gone up in spite of record funding. And----
    Mrs. Bice. Thank you, Mr. Secretary. If we could move on.
    Secretary Turner. Oh, sure.
    Mrs. Bice. The gentleman from Alabama, Mr. Strong, is 
recognized for 5 minutes.
    Secretary Turner. Okay, thank you.
    Mr. Strong. Thank you, Chairwoman Bice and Ranking Member 
Clyburn, for holding this hearing today, and to our hardworking 
subcommittee staff. Secretary Turner, thank you for joining us 
today.
    During my 26 years on the Madison County Commission, the 
second largest county in the state of Alabama, I became 
extremely familiar with the benefits and bureaucratic burdens 
of HUD dollars. Something I hear consistently from local 
communities in North Alabama is that HUD's regulatory burdens 
are often delay projects. Some projects are delayed to the 
point where they are penalized for not spending funds they 
couldn't access due to HUD's review timelines.
    Secretary Turner, how are you working with local 
communities to ensure that HUD acts as a partner, not a barrier 
in project delivery?
    Secretary Turner. And thank you, Congressman Strong. 
Appreciate your service, sir.
    You know, we have a tremendous staff at HUD that is very 
communicative and open, has open lines of communication with 
constituencies around the country to make sure that we are 
being efficient and effective as it pertains to getting 
resources out of the door and working with yourself, your 
staff, and this committee is a goal that I commit to continue 
doing to making sure the resources are going out, sir, in an 
effective and efficient manner.
    And as we have taken inventory and as you alluded to, to 
take down the burdensome and the bureaucracy and the red tape 
is a goal of ours, to make sure that we are serving the 
American people properly.
    Mr. Strong. What is your plan to streamline permitting 
review and compliance processes to prevent these punishing 
penalties for Federal inefficiencies?
    Secretary Turner. Sir, so right now, you know, we have a 
tremendous CFO team, and our CFO, Irv Dennis, is second to none 
in our country. And he and his team are putting in financial 
controls to make sure that we are streamlining properly as it 
pertains to the question that you asked in all of the processes 
that we have at HUD working with our constituency around 
America.
    Mr. Strong. Next, I would like to discuss the 
accountability and flexibility with HUD grant programs. Local 
communities, including the growing mid-sized urban centers 
found in North Alabama, often have the most accurate 
understanding of their unique housing and development needs. 
The administration's budget proposal to consolidate multiple 
housing programs into block grants, such as the State Rental 
Assistance Program, appear to be a bold step forward in 
increasing efficiency and allowing states greater flexibility 
in addressing their unique housing needs.
    Secretary Turner, could you elaborate on how these 
consolidations will help local communities to better allocate 
resources and reduce administrative burdens, ultimately leading 
to more effective outcomes for low- and moderate-income 
Americans?
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir. And so, as you alluded to, you 
know, the streamline and the effectiveness, putting the 
resources back to the states will allow them to not only 
identify their unique needs, but also to be very deliberative 
and precise in how they distribute those funds around their 
state and in their localities. And so I am looking forward to 
this new strategy to put it back in the state's hands. While 
HUD obviously is a great convener and facilitator, but to give 
the states that flexibility, I believe, will help us to operate 
more efficiently and serve people better than we have in the 
past.
    Mr. Strong. Thank you. How are you implementing 
performance-based criteria that reward communities that 
responsibly leverage Federal funding?
    Secretary Turner. Sir, and that is a good conversation that 
we are having, an ongoing conversation that we are having right 
now. And we would welcome your ideas to how we can better do 
this from a performance base. I know at HUD internally we have 
a great performance-based strategy to where we make sure that 
people inside of HUD are performing the way that the American 
people have called us and expect us to perform. But, sir, I 
welcome your ideas as it pertains to that strategy.
    Mr. Strong. Thank you. Chairwoman, I yield back.
    Mrs. Bice. The gentleman yields.
    The gentlewoman from California, Mrs. Torres, is recognized 
for 5 minutes.
    Mrs. Torres. Thank you. Secretary Turner, I represent 
California's 35th Congressional District, a region that was 
severely hit by flooding and the recent Los Angeles wildfires. 
They have had a devastating impact not just my community, but 
the entire region. These fires displaced thousands of people, 
destroying homes, and devastated critical infrastructure. Yet 
the administration's budget for fiscal year 2026 proposes zero 
funding for the Community Development Block Grant, CDBG, money. 
And HUD has not requested CDBG disaster recovery funds to help 
California, specifically, and other disaster-stricken states.
    Mr. Secretary, when will HUD, you, submit a request for 
disaster assistance to support recovery efforts in California?
    Secretary Turner. Thank you, madam. As you know, California 
has received disaster recovery funds. I myself was in L.A. a 
couple of months ago to visit families there and constituents 
there on the ground as it pertains to the wildfires.
    Mrs. Torres. Okay. California, sir, has not received a 
single penny in recovery funds for the recent wildfires. 
California is still owed $6 billion for wildfires and flooding 
that occurred last year. Do you believe that state and local 
governments, already stretched thin, can fill the massive gap 
alone?
    Secretary Turner. You know, what I do know, ma'am, is that 
there has been a stewardship issue in California as it pertains 
to taxpayer dollars. And as I was there meeting with local 
authorities and leadership there, that is a point that I raised 
is that what are you doing with the resources that you do have? 
Because the people of California are not being served properly. 
And so to throw more money, if I may, ma'am, to throw more 
money at a situation when the money that has been sent has not 
been stewarded well, is something I believe that we need to 
take inventory of.
    Mrs. Torres. So I am going to reclaim my time because you 
are talking about wasting Federal dollars, but yet you are 
coming from an administration that seems to only care about the 
top 1 percent.
    Let me tell you, the Federal minimum wage, in case you 
don't know, is $7.25. Can you tell me where in the U.S. can 
someone making those wages rent a one-bedroom apartment? Let me 
tell you, nowhere. Right now, families who lost their homes in 
wildfires are struggling trying to find a place to live. And 
the Federal Government has a responsibility, you have a 
responsibility to return our Federal dollars back to California 
to help communities in desperate need.
    But here's what makes it even more unconscionable: that you 
are sitting here while California sends $83 billion more in 
Federal taxes than we receive back. We are literally funding 
your salary as well as housing programs in other states while 
our own veterans sleep on the streets, sir.
    I fully support disaster aid request for California and for 
other states. The people rebuilding after a disaster deserve 
better than to be ignored and to have egos speaking words that 
mean nothing. What we need is actual actions. We need funding 
to ensure that we are able to provide the housing that we need.
    Secretary Turner. Thank you, ma'am. And I would say again, 
and I reiterate, it is a stewardship issue. It is not a funding 
issue.
    Mrs. Torres. You have no proof of stewardship issues. All 
you have been doing is talking around and around and stroking 
your ego, sir. Right here we need dollars and cents and we need 
programs that actually are going to house our veterans and our 
homeless population.
    What you are doing with the cuts that you are demanding in 
this budget is you are destroying every single opportunity that 
we have built up, not just in my community, for people that 
have been severely addicted to narcotics, people recovering 
from those addictions, from illnesses, veterans in the street 
that, by the way, under the Obama administration we managed to 
have zero homeless people and in San Bernardino County living 
in the streets. Okay? So don't come to me and tell me that it 
is an issue of not having accountability.
    Secretary Turner. Ma'am, did you know homeless was up----
    Mrs. Torres. The accountability----
    Secretary Turner [continuing]. 16 percent in California?
    Mrs. Torres. The accountability lies in this most corrupt 
administration----
    Secretary Turner. And we just closed two----
    Mrs. Torres [continuing]. That we have had.
    Secretary Turner. Madam Vice Chair, we just had to close 
two field offices----
    Mrs. Torres. My time has expired, and I yield back to the 
chair.
    Secretary Turner. We just had to close two field offices in 
California----
    Mrs. Bice. The gentlelady yields her time.
    Secretary Turner [continuing]. Due to the unrest going on 
in California. And so, I say it is time for a paradigm shift.
    Mrs. Bice. The gentlelady has yielded her time back.
    The gentleman from Arizona, Mr. Ciscomani, is recognized 
for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Ciscomani. Thank you, Chairwoman Bice. And thank you, 
Secretary Turner, for being here today. Really appreciate that.
    I want to first like to ask about an issue that is top 
priority for me as a member of both this committee, but also 
the Veterans' Affairs Committee, and that is veterans 
homelessness. It has been brought up a couple of times, and I 
want to piggyback off what my colleague Tony Gonzales was 
talking about on that issue when he brought it up, but mine's a 
little more specific.
    As you know, the HUD VASH program is a collaborative 
initiative between HUD and the VA that aims to end homelessness 
among veterans. While the HUD VASH program has made meaningful 
progress in reducing veteran homelessness, challenges like 
voucher underutilization and case manager storages persist 
still. So what steps is HUD taking to ensure veterans not only 
receive vouchers, but can successfully use them to secure 
permanent housing with the wraparound service that they need?
    Secretary Turner. Thank you, Congressman. Nice to meet you, 
sir. Again, you know, working with my colleague, Secretary 
Collins from the VA, we just met a couple weeks ago, and this 
is of top priority for us, our veterans in our country as it 
pertains to homelessness and housing. And also, to be able to 
have the states working closely with us to prioritize veterans 
I believe is a great strategy going forward. And, sir, we look 
forward to working with you and Representative Gonzales to have 
ideas and strategies to bring to the table where we can best 
serve our veterans.
    Mr. Ciscomani. What are some examples you would say that 
are--will be good to--that maybe HUD hasn't been doing so far 
on the voucher system? Because it is being underutilized, and 
we want to make sure that they have access to that. Is it 
awareness? Is it outreach? How can we get that information to 
our veterans?
    I represent about 80,000 veterans in my district. In terms 
of congressional districts, it ranks about nine of the most 
populated areas for veterans: D-M Air Force Base, Fort 
Huachuca, and Sierra Vista. So I have a large veteran 
population. I want to make sure that they have the access is 
there, but the ability to get it and that we are being 
proactive on reaching out to them with that.
    Secretary Turner. Yes sir. I believe awareness and outreach 
and also to take the bureaucracy out of the program and process 
to take down the red tape, to make sure that we are serving our 
veterans in the manner that we are supposed to be serving. So I 
agree, awareness, outreach, and taking down the burdensome 
regulations and red tape to make sure we prioritize our 
veterans.
    Mr. Ciscomani. A lot of red tape to tackle, that is for 
sure. I have got one more question that I want to fit in here.
    I would like to thank you for mentioning in your testimony 
that HUD will begin to partner with faith-based organizations. 
I will also like to highlight a highly effective organization 
in my district, the Gospel Rescue Mission. The Gospel Rescue 
Mission's Center for Opportunity is one of the most effective 
homelessness providers in Arizona, offering not only shelter 
for homeless individuals, but also substance abuse services, 
faith-based consulting, employment training and placement, and 
much more. They even have a mobile cafe where their program 
training--where the program participants are able to gain on-
the-job training.
    Since 2019 they have helped 542 people make a full recovery 
from addiction, 2,356 people obtained permanent stable housing, 
assisted 1,960 people with finding a job, and have provided 
over a million meals for those in need, all without a single 
dollar from the government. They can tell us exactly what their 
ratio of success is. They know where their dollars are going. 
They know exactly what is going on without a single dollar from 
the government.
    Can you please elaborate more on how HUD will work to 
support a faith-based provider such as the Gospel Rescue 
Mission? And what role do we do you see faith-based providers 
playing in HUD's mission moving forward?
    Secretary Turner. Thank you, sir. And you are exactly 
right. You know, the Gospel Rescue Mission, Union Rescue 
Mission in L.A., the Dream Center in L.A., and other faith-
based and nonprofit organizations are the ones that are 
actually doing the work on the ground with data-driven results. 
And so historically, it is been hard for faith-based 
organizations to work with the government, but they are some of 
our best partners. And so, we want to make sure that we ensure 
that these partnerships are thriving around our country because 
they are the ones that are actually doing the work. And so, HUD 
has prioritized this in these public-private partnerships and 
working with faith-based institutions because they are the ones 
that are actually doing the work.
    And so that is a priority of mine. It is a part of our 
team. And we look forward to working with you, sir, on that.
    Mr. Ciscomani. Thank you. They don't just say they are 
doing the work, their data proves it. Again, they can go to the 
numbers. I have asked many through these hearings about 
specific information and successive programs, data-driven 
results, and government often is not able to give those 
specific numbers and data points like these organizations are. 
The Federal Government has spent $36.6 billion to end 
homelessness and the number of homeless people has only 
skyrocketed. So that issue is not being solved by just throwing 
money at the problem. We need to show accountability here. And 
the way that these programs and these nonprofits have done it 
in faith-based is a great way and example to do that. So I 
really encourage you to look into that and keep on partnering 
with them. Thank you.
    Secretary Turner. Thank you, sir.
    Mrs. Bice. The gentleman's time has expired.
    The gentleman from New York, Mr. Espaillat, is recognized 
for 5 minutes. Mr. Espaillat, your mike, I think.
    Mr. Espaillat. I think it is on now.
    Secretary, I want to ask you some basic questions. Do you 
consider that there is a homelessness crisis in America?
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Espaillat. Do you think that there is a housing 
affordability emergency in America?
    Secretary Turner. I do.
    Mr. Espaillat. Mr. Secretary, is the rent too damn high in 
Washington, D.C.?
    Secretary Turner. I believe it is high in a lot of places, 
sir.
    Mr. Espaillat. So there is a homelessness crisis, there is 
an affordable housing emergency, and the rent is too damn high 
in many places across America. And so, what does HUD do? What 
does this administration propose? A 51 percent cut on basic 
services for housing.
    Now, building housing is not a cheap endeavor. It is a 
deep-pocket challenge anywhere in America. It is not cheap to 
build housing. It costs money. And so, you are cutting 51 
percent of the budget while you recognize that there is a 
homelessness crisis, there is an affordable housing emergency, 
and the rent is too damn high in America.
    Now, I represent the district that has probably the biggest 
concentration of NYCHA apartments, that is the New York City 
Housing Authority apartments, in the city. Now there is 570,000 
people live in the city of New York under NYCHA.
    Now, you were born in Richardson, Texas. That town has 
119,000 people. So NYCHA is five times the size of the city 
that you were born in. And they have a $78 billion deficit, a 
deep hole for capital needs: boilers, roof work, pointing work, 
faulty elevators, flooding, mold in the apartments, lead paint 
in the apartment. These are the conditions in NYCHA, a $78 
billion hole for capital needs, and you are cutting the budget 
51 percent. Now I know that you are familiar----
    Secretary Turner. Sir, can I add--can I ask something?
    Mr. Espaillat. I will ask you a question in a minute.
    Secretary Turner. Okay, good. Thank you.
    Mr. Espaillat. I know that you are familiar with some 
football terms. You said so in your testimony. So I am going to 
just highlight some of the cuts: $27.2 billion or 40 percent 
cut to rental and homeless assistance program. To me that 
sounds like roughing the passer. A $2.2 billion or 71 percent 
cut to housing construction, supply, and preservation. That 
sounds to me like pass interference. A $3.4 billion or 100 
percent cut to economic development programs. To me that sounds 
very much like a delay of game. A $254 million or 100 percent 
cut to self-sufficiency and pathways to home ownership 
programs. That is seems that it is a false start.
    Mr. Secretary, you have engaged in personal foul on the 
American people. These cuts are severe and they are going to 
exacerbate the homeless crisis. They are going to further throw 
into crisis the affordable housing emergency and the rent is 
going to continue to be too damn high. You are cutting 51 
percent of the budget. Housing is an expensive endeavor. It is 
no longer a cheap endeavor anywhere in America. Anywhere in the 
world it is a deep pocket issue and people are sleeping on the 
street. And you are doing these cuts so that you can give money 
to people that sleep in mansions, that sleep in Fifth Avenue 
multimillion dollar condos, that have lakeside houses and 
beachfront properties. That is what you are doing.
    You are not doing God's work. That is not God's work. 
Fifty-one percent cut, that is devastating. That is a personal 
foul, Mr. Chairman--Madam Chair. And I yield back. I reclaim my 
time.
    Mrs. Bice. The referee may have to call a timeout moving 
forward.
    Secretary Turner. Ma'am, can I answer? Can I answer this?
    Mrs. Bice. The gentleman has yielded his time.
    The gentleman from Ohio, Mr. Joyce, is recognized for 5 
minutes.
    Mr. Joyce. Thank you very much, Madam Chair. Good morning. 
I am sorry I was at another hearing, but I am trying to, like 
the chairman, I am trying to work between two of them.
    Secretary Turner, I recognize the administration's efforts 
to make tough but thoughtful budget decisions aimed at 
promoting efficiency and accountability across Federal 
programs. I also appreciate HUD's critical role in long-term 
disaster recovery and their partnership with other agencies in 
helping communities transition from emergency response to 
sustainable rebuilding.
    As you are aware, both FEMA and HUD specifically work in 
tandem to assist communities in recovering and rebuilding after 
natural disasters: FEMA by providing temporary housing, and HUD 
by facilitating the transition to permanent housing solutions. 
In light of the proposed changes to the Community Development 
Block Grant Disaster Recovery program and the fiscal year 2026 
budget, how does HUD plan to uphold its mission in this space, 
particularly as it relates to supporting disaster affected 
families and communities?
    Further, could you share how HUD's plans to maintain its 
critical role in ensuring disaster survivors are successfully 
transitioned from costly temporary FEMA housing into more 
stable long-term housing solutions, even with the proposed 
reductions?
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir. And thank you, Congressman. 
Great to meet you.
    You know, HUD is very focused on our critical mission. We 
are very focused on disaster recovery, we are focused on 
housing, we are focused on homelessness. And that has not been 
lost on us. We understand that this is a different way of the 
distribution of the funds. This is a different paradigm that we 
are speaking about in the budget that the President and myself 
are proposing today. We will not allow disaster recovery and 
those that need assistance in disaster recovery to be lost on 
us. Working with the states, working with our nonprofits, 
working with the faith-based organizations, and obviously, sir, 
you and your colleagues on the committee, it is not that it 
will be lost, it is just that it is a different way of 
distributing these funds. And sir, we believe that this will 
help us to more effectively and efficiently serve those that 
are in need in our country.
    Mr. Joyce. Thank you, sir. It was a great answer, but it 
didn't demonstrate a plan.
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Joyce. Do you have a plan?
    Secretary Turner. Yes. And so in the budget, there is money 
in our budget to make sure that HUD works with states to 
develop these strategies and develop a plan. The conversations 
have begun. And so we do recognize that it is a new way of 
doing it. We are focused on making sure that the strategy is 
not just implemented but executed in every state and working 
with this committee and with states and stakeholders in those 
states. The money is in our budget to do so. And so that plan 
has begun and is forthcoming. And I do, I look forward to your 
input and how we can best do this new strategy.
    Mr. Joyce. One thing I know is you are right, disasters 
come. All over the country disasters come and you need to be 
ready for them.
    Secretary, the administration has highlighted the 
underutilized lands as one of the strategies to deliver on the 
promise of more affordable housing, including ongoing 
coordination between HUD and the Department of Interior under 
Secretary Burgum's leadership. Can you provide an update on how 
this interagency effort is being implemented and what outcomes 
HUD anticipates in terms of expanding access to affordable 
housing?
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir. So Secretary Burgum and I, we 
signed an MOU, as you have stated, to create a joint task force 
to identify underutilized Federal lands around our country. 
Department of Interior has about 500 million acres that are 
available to be used to build affordable housing, workforce 
housing, all types of housing around our country. And so HUD's 
priority in this is to identify where housing is needed. DOI, 
their priority is to identify the lands that can be used and 
then work with local states and stakeholders to say what type 
of housing is needed in this particular area.
    So I just--Secretary Burgum and I were in Nevada meeting 
with the governor and stakeholders there as it pertains to 
affordable housing in that state and working with the 
leadership there, with BLM and others. And so, sir, we are well 
underway on the task force. There is much work to be done, but 
the identification of the land and identification of the 
housing needs is underway. And so we look forward to working 
with states and localities on this strategy.
    Mr. Joyce. Can you elaborate where in your 2026 budget you 
request the department intends to leverage support for that 
effort, in particular as it relates to infrastructure planning 
or technical assistance needed to make these underutilized 
lands viable?
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir. And so that is why a joint 
partnership with DOI will come in from HUD's budget, obviously, 
and from DOI, but also technical assistance. HUD still has 
technical assistance where we can help with these development 
of housing and how we implement this around the country as we 
move forward.
    Mr. Joyce. Thank you, sir.
    Thank you, Madam Chair. I yield back.
    Mrs. Bice. The chair recognizes the ranking member of the 
full committee, Ms. DeLauro, for 5 minutes.
    Ms. DeLauro. Thank you so much, Madam Chair. I just would 
like to follow up for one second with my colleague.
    This is the Appropriations Committee. We deal in amounts of 
money. A program, what is the amount, what is it going to do, 
how is it going to accomplish that? So far we can't seem to get 
any information about budget detail, about what it is you all 
are doing. It is a lot of great words, but what are dollars and 
cents?
    So I think you just have to keep in mind that we 
appropriate money based on needs and what the programs are, and 
then we make a decision as to whether or not we ought to be 
doing that or not. So please get us information on the plan, 
the dollar amount, what you plan to do.
    Listen, your budget request, quite honestly, unleashes a 
catastrophe of evictions, homelessness at an unbelievable 
scale. Three-quarters of a million of Americans experience 
homeless on any given night. Cost of housing is out of control. 
Middle-class families, working families are being suffocated. 
Folks in this country today work paycheck to paycheck, one 
emergency or layoff from financial ruin. Yet your budget 
eliminates critical lifelines that keep that help to keep a 
roof over most people's heads in this Nation.
    Let me just say with regard to a question here, we have 
Ansonia, Connecticut, which I represent. Housing authority is 
smaller, public housing authority. They want to expand 
programs, services especially for seniors. Residents have lived 
in this Naugatuck Valley their whole lives. They don't have 
income to sustain their homes, but they lack affordable housing 
options. Based on recent National data, it is becoming clear 
that homelessness among seniors is rising. Some experts expect 
the trend will continue. People over age 50 used to make up 10 
percent of the homeless population. Now it is close to half, a 
particularly vulnerable population with its own set of 
challenges.
    Over 2 million seniors rely on Federal rental assistance to 
age in place. You are cutting HUD rental assistance by 43 
percent. You propose to eliminate dedicated Section 202 housing 
for the elderly program, pushing more responsibility to states. 
Everyone on this committee knows the states don't have the 
wherewithal to be able to do this. There is no assessment of 
whether or not they have the capacity to manage.
    You propose completely upending homelessness programs. You 
are shifting to short-and medium-term assistance with no 
funding for the type of permanent supportive housing that could 
chronically homeless people with age-related infirmities need 
to achieve. We have a program in my district in Connecticut. It 
is called--it is a senior housing program called the Towers. 
And you have frozen their grant and not giving them the 
opportunity to deal with critical renovations to a 55-year-old 
building.
    Given housing affordability, homelessness crisis facing our 
seniors who already live on a fixed income, how are you 
justifying eliminating dedicated programs that support housing 
developments with onsite supportive services tailored to 
seniors' needs?
    Secretary Turner. Yes, ma'am. Madam DeLauro, so great to 
meet you, ma'am. And as I said in my opening statement, with 
this new budget proposal under the President's leadership, this 
will help us to more effectively serve----
    Ms. DeLauro. How?
    Secretary Turner [continuing]. The most vulnerable----
    Ms. DeLauro. How?
    Secretary Turner [continuing]. Effectively serve----
    Ms. DeLauro. How?
    Secretary Turner [continuing]. Elderly and disabled.
    Ms. DeLauro. Answer my question.
    Secretary Turner. Yes, ma'am.
    Ms. DeLauro. How? What is the way in which you are going to 
deal and justify eliminating dedicated programs that support 
onsite supportive services tailored to seniors' needs? How are 
you doing that?
    Secretary Turner. Working with the states, ma'am. And when 
I say working with the states, if I may, states understand 
their unique needs as it pertains to the elderly, as pertains 
to the disabled----
    Ms. DeLauro. What is the program that will address that?
    Secretary Turner [continuing]. As it pertains to the most 
vulnerable.
    Ms. DeLauro. What is the amount of money that is going to 
be required to do this? What portion of it will be Federal? 
What portion will be state? What is the program?
    Secretary Turner. Well, as you said, ma'am, you all are 
appropriators. You control the purse strings. My job is to 
maximize the budget that you do give me. And with maximize this 
budget, we will work with the states to identify, if you will, 
maam, where those needs are.
    Ms. DeLauro. You can't have a budget, with all due 
respect----
    Secretary Turner. Thank you, ma'am.
    Ms. DeLauro [continuing]. You cannot have a budget that 
doesn't have any numbers, that doesn't have any programmatic 
direction----
    Secretary Turner. Ma'am, you have the budget in front of 
you.
    Ms. DeLauro [continuing]. That doesn't tell us what we are 
doing. But what is this specific program on seniors? What are 
you doing? You are eliminating elderly housing, Section 202, 
which has been in place for years. I worked for a city many 
years ago and it was Section 202 in which we worked with 
providers to do this.
    You know, my time has run out. But no, zero. Zero 
programmatic information, zero details on the budget.
    Secretary Turner. Ma'am, status quo is done.
    Mrs. Bice. The ranking member is----
    Secretary Turner. We will do it a different way.
    Ms. Delauro. I would like to ask unanimous consent to put 
my opening statement into the record because I couldn't be 
here.
    Mrs. Bice. Without objection.
    [The information follows:]
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    Ms. DeLauro. Thank you.
    Mrs. Bice. I now recognize myself for 5 minutes.
    Secretary Turner. Yes, ma'am.
    Mrs. Bice. Mr. Secretary, first let me start out by saying 
there is a famous quote that I think all of us here know well, 
and that is the definition of insanity is doing the same thing 
over and over and over and expecting a different outcome. And 
based on your opening statement, you are looking to do 
something different. You are looking to try to find a different 
path to make sure that we are addressing homelessness in our 
country.
    Mr. Secretary, when were you confirmed?
    Secretary Turner. February the 5th.
    Mrs. Bice. So we are talking about 120-plus days ago. Is 
that correct?
    Secretary Turner. Yes.
    Mrs. Bice. Is it safe to say that you have a framework for 
a plan that you want to move forward, but maybe not all of the 
nuts and bolts that you need to be able to present that--those 
details today?
    Secretary Turner. Indeed, the framework is there and we are 
working on the nuts and bolts. Yes, ma'am.
    Mrs. Bice. I want to give you the opportunity to address 
some of the concerns that have been raised here today. But I 
also want to bring up one other point, and that is I was 
surprised to find out that there are approximately 3,000 public 
housing authorities across the country. Do you feel like that 
those housing authorities are working efficiently for HUD?
    Secretary Turner. No, ma'am. And we do have over 3,000 
public housing authorities around our country, many of which 
are not operating appropriately, some are. I have traveled 
extensively in just 120 days that I have been in this 
assignment around our country and visited public housing 
authorities.
    I was just at NYCHA to address the congressman who was 
asking me about NYCHA. NYCHA is $200 million in arrears and 
that is with a $2.3 billion appropriation from the 
appropriators, $2.3 billion in fiscal year 2024. And yet they 
are $200 million in arrears. They have 250,000 people on the 
waiting list.
    Just while I was there last Wednesday, a 21-year-old was 
shot in the neck and killed at a public barbecue. And no arrest 
has been made. So, tell me, how are the residents there safe? 
They are living in deplorable conditions. It is not safe. The 
New York NYPD is not responding the way they should. And so 
that is just one example of a public housing authority not 
being efficient, but yet we want to continue the status quo.
    I am not interested in doing business as usual. The 
President is not interested. And so, the answer is, this is a 
new culture. It is a new paradigm.
    And another housing authority that I visit, the residents 
were even afraid to tell me what was going on in fear of 
repercussions by the board of directors there. There was one 
lady there that has been living there since 1973. That means 
she has been living there her entire life. Her mother, her, and 
now her children, three generational, multiple generations 
living in public housing authority. That is not what it is 
meant for. It is meant for temporary assistance, but then to be 
raised out of public assistance to a life of self-
sustainability.
    And so no, ma'am, public housing authorities as a whole are 
not operating efficiently.
    Mrs. Bice. The budget proposes charging--I am sorry, 
changing five programs into a singular block grant program. It 
is been mentioned earlier, called the State Rental Assistance 
Program. How can we trust that states with governors, including 
Gavin Newsom, who spent $18.5 billion on affordable housing in 
the past year, or 42.5 percent of HUD's fiscal year 2026 budget 
request, will use the block grant funding appropriately? 
Because they clearly have not been successful in addressing the 
homelessness issue.
    Secretary Turner. Yes, ma'am. And that is a great question 
and it is what I think we should talk about, because, you know, 
this is a new shift, and we have to work with the appropriate 
leaders in the appropriate states. And some states, as you 
know, ma'am, are better than others. Leadership in some states 
is greater than others. We see right now what is going on in 
L.A., you know, with the agitators and the riots and the attack 
on our law enforcement. And so, you know, California is not a 
good example of proper leadership, but there are many around 
our country that do have proper leadership. And so I am looking 
forward to working with them as they implement, you know, the 
funding and distribute it appropriately to take care of the 
needs in their particular state.
    Mrs. Bice. Mr. Secretary, let me wrap up by saying, first 
of all, we appreciate you being here today. Homelessness is an 
issue. It is an issue across this country, and we want to make 
sure that your organization is addressing it in a thoughtful, 
responsible way. Certainly, you have heard today from members 
of this committee the concerns around foster children aging out 
of the system, veterans' homelessness, which is something that 
I am passionate about as a member of the MilCon-VA Subcommittee 
as well on Appropriations.
    So we all look forward to working with you to make sure 
that we are using taxpayer dollars judiciously, wisely, but 
also trying to find solutions to the problems that we face as 
it relates to homelessness.
    With that, my time has now expired.
    Mr. Quigley. Madam Chair?
    Mrs. Bice. And at this----
    Mr. Quigley. I know we are going to----
    Mrs. Bice. For what purpose does the gentleman seek 
recognition?
    Mr. Quigley. I really appreciate that. I thought we were 
going to have a second round. Just ask unanimous consent to 
submit for the record four pages of stories from women in 
Chicago, who are currently using these vouchers to keep 
themselves and their children safe.
    Mrs. Bice. Without objection----
    [The information follows:]
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    Mr. Quigley. Thank you.
    Mrs. Bice [continuing]. That will be entered into the 
record.
    And with that, I would like to give the ranking member, Mr. 
Clyburn, the ability to offer a closing statement. Mr. Clyburn, 
you are recognized.
    Mr. Clyburn. Thank you very much, Madam Chair. Thank you, 
Mr. Secretary, for being here.
    Secretary Turner. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Clyburn. Mr. Secretary, I grew up in a parsonage and 
when I told my dad that I had decided against going to the 
seminary, he said to me, well, son, I suspect the world would 
much rather see a sermon than to hear one. I have never 
forgotten that. And I try to conduct myself here in such a way 
that people will see in my work a good, productive sermon.
    Now, I have listened to your testimony. I have looked at 
some comments you have made in the past, especially as it 
relates to DEI. You said that DEI is inexcusable propaganda. 
Well, Mr. Secretary, I beg to differ. I grew up in South 
Carolina. I still live in South Carolina. My parents all are 
South Carolinians--were South Carolinians. And what you propose 
today, though, you have been using the word ``refocus,'' 
refocus means to change directions. What you have been 
testifying to is retrogression. It means to return to something 
of former, usually something that is worse. And cutting 51 
percent out of a budget will not refocus the budget. It will 
return to what that budget and those plans were when you had 
that 51 percent less.
    So I would say to you today that when you look at States' 
rights, I am not going to be concerned about this if you give 
the right to South Carolina because you are looking at that guy 
that wrote the South Carolina Fair Housing Law and we implement 
that law. I ran it. The guy that wrote the South Carolina Bill 
of Rights for Handicapped Citizens. I was not in the--I have 
never been in the state legislature, so I know how to manage 
stuff. That is all I have ever been in. And the budget you are 
proposing, you cannot possibly meet the needs of the American 
people with that budget.
    We all talk about race and sex discrimination. But the big 
problem, if you look at all of the protected classes in 
housing, you know which one gets the most discrimination? The 
disabled. The disabled. And that is sinful for us to sit here 
and cut the budget for the disabled.
    I want to close with this. I represent North Charleston. 
According to the Princeton study, North Charleston led the 
Nation in evictions. I represent Columbia, South Carolina, and 
I live in Columbia, number six in evictions. There is something 
those two communities got in common that I want you to focus on 
and I want this committee to think about. Those two, Fort 
Jackson is in Columbia, the Charleston Air Force Base in North 
Charleston. The communities that house most of our servicemen 
and -women are leading the Nation in evictions.
    During the coronavirus, I led the investigation into these 
evictions. Servicemen and -women, people serving abroad while 
their children and spouses are back home getting evicted, and 
here we are cutting the money to address those needs.
    Mr. Secretary, I look forward to playing a round of golf 
with you so that we can really discuss this when we have more 
time. So I will close.
    Secretary Turner. Thank you. Thank you, sir.
    Mr. Clyburn. If I may, Madam Vice Chair, I once read the 
story of a man who played at a country club and he came upon 
the hole and there was a pond between him and the green. And he 
turned to his caddy, he said, Caddy, what do the members of 
this club use when they are faced with this shot? And the caddy 
says, well, most of them use a six iron for this. So he pulled 
out of the six iron, addressed the ball, hit it perfectly in 
the water. The ball fell in the water. He turned to his caddy 
and said, Caddy, I thought you said that most of the people 
playing from this point use a six iron. He said, most of them 
do. Well, I will just hit this six iron about as sweet as I 
could hit it and the ball is in the water. Most of them do.
    So we have to learn, we can't follow what most people do. 
What we have to do is size up the situation, think about your 
capabilities, and then address the ball. Use the right 
equipment and we might get to the green. Don't do what most of 
them do.
    I yield back.
    Mrs. Bice. Thank you, Ranking Member Clyburn.
    Secretary Turner. Thank you, sir.
    Mrs. Bice. And we have had a lot of sports analogies today. 
We talked about baseball, University of Arkansas, we talked 
football, we talked golf. We did not talk about Thunder 
basketball, so I feel obligated as the Member from Oklahoma 
representing the Oklahoma City Thunder to give a plug to them.
    So, Mr. Secretary, we appreciate your time today. Thank you 
for this robust conversation. We look forward, as I mentioned, 
to working with you in the future to make sure that we are 
addressing the homeless population across this country.
    And with that, we are adjourned.
    Secretary Turner. Thank you.
    [Whereupon, at 11:34 a.m., the subcommittee was adjourned.]
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Rocheleau, Chris, Federal Aviation Administration................     5
    Prepared statement...........................................     8
    Answers to submitted questions...............................    42
Turner, Hon. Scott, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 
  Development....................................................    64
    Prepared statement...........................................    67
    Answers to submitted questions...............................   106

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