[House Hearing, 119 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]



                     STRENGTHENING WIOA: IMPROVING
                    OUTCOMES FOR AMERICA'S WORKFORCE

=======================================================================


                                HEARING

                               Before The

                    SUBCOMMITTEE ON HIGHER EDUCATION
                        AND WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT

                                 of the

                      COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND
                               WORKFORCE
                     U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                             FIRST SESSION
                               __________

             HEARING HELD IN WASHINGTON, DC, MARCH 5, 2025
                               __________

                            Serial No. 119-3
                               __________

    Printed for the use of the Committee on Education and Workforce




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        Available via: edworkforce.house.gov or www.govinfo.gov       
                                ______
                                
                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE

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                  COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE

                    TIM WALBERG, Michigan, Chairman

JOE WILSON, South Carolina           ROBERT C. ``BOBBY'' SCOTT, Virginia, 
VIRGINIA FOXX, North Carolina          Ranking Member
GLENN THOMPSON, Pennsylvania         RAUL M. GRIJALVA, Arizona 
GLENN GROTHMAN, Wisconsin            JOE COURTNEY, Connecticut
ELISE M. STEFANIK, New York          FREDERICA S. WILSON, Florida
RICK W. ALLEN, Georgia               SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon
JAMES COMER, Kentucky                MARK TAKANO, California
BURGESS OWENS, Utah                  ALMA S. ADAMS, North Carolina
LISA C. McCLAIN, Michigan            MARK DeSAULNIER, California
MARY E. MILLER, Illinois             DONALD NORCROSS, New Jersey
JULIA LETLOW, Louisiana              LUCY McBATH, Georgia
KEVIN KILEY, California              JAHANA HAYES, Connecticut
ERIN HOUCHIN, Indiana                ILHAN OMAR, Minnesota
MICHAEL A. RULLI, Ohio               HALEY M. STEVENS, Michigan
JAMES C. MOYLAN, Guam                GREG CASAR, Texas
ROBERT F. ONDER, Jr., Missouri       SUMMER L. LEE, Pennsylvania
RYAN MACKENZIE, Pennsylvania         JOHN W. MANNION, New York
MICHAEL BAUMGARTNER, Washington      
MARK HARRIS, North Carolina
MARK B. MESSMER, Indiana

                     R.J. Laukitis, Staff Director
              Veronique Pluviose, Minority Staff Director
              
                                ------                                

            SUBCOMMITTEE ON HIGHER EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE
                              DEVELOPMENT

                     BURGESS, OWENS, Utah, Chairman

MICHAEL BAUMGARTNER, Washington      ALMA ADAMS, North Carolina,
JOE WILSON, South Carolina             Ranking Member
VIRGINIA FOXX, North Carolina        FREDERICA WILSON, Florida
GLENN THOMPSON, Pennsylvania         MARK TAKANO, California
GLENN GROTHMAN, Wisconsin            LUCY McBATH, Georgia
LISA C. McCLAIN, Michigan            DONALD NORCROSS, New Jersey
KEVIN KILEY, California              RAUL M. GRIJALVA, Arizona
ERIN HOUCHIN, Indiana                JOE COURTNEY, Connecticut
JAMES C. MOYLAN, Guam                SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon
ROBERT F. ONDER, Jr., Missouri       MARK DeSAULNIER, California
MARK HARRIS, North Carolina          ILHAN OMAR, Minnesota




























                         C  O  N  T  E  N  T  S

                              ----------                              
                                                                   Page

Hearing held on March 5, 2025....................................     1

                           OPENING STATEMENTS

    Owens, Hon. Burgess, Chairman, Subcommittee on Higher 
      Education and Workforce Development........................     1
        Prepared statement of....................................     4
    Adams, Hon. Alma, Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Higher 
      Education and Workforce Development........................     6
        Prepared statement of....................................    16

                               WITNESSES

    Moret, Stephen, President and CEO, Strada Education 
      Foundation.................................................    19
        Prepared statement of....................................    21
    Dodge, Molly, Senior Vice President, Workforce and Careers, 
      Ivy Tech Community College.................................    29
        Prepared statement of....................................    31
    Sainz, Robert, Board Chair, National Youth Employment 
      Coalition..................................................    36
        Prepared statement of....................................    38
    Moore, Nicholas J., Director, Office of Education and 
      Workforce Transformation...................................    40
        Prepared statement of....................................    42

                         ADDITIONAL SUBMISSIONS

    Ranking Member Adams:
        Endorsement letter dated December 12, 2024, from various 
          youth and workforce development organizations..........     8
    DeSaulnier, Hon. Mark, a Representative in Congress from the 
      State of California:
        Article dated September 21, 2020, from FRBSF Economic 
          Letter titled ``Did the $600 Unemployment Supplement 
          Discourage Work?''.....................................    76

                        QUESTIONS FOR THE RECORD

    Responses to questions submitted for the record by:
        Mr. Robert Sainz.........................................    82

 
                     STRENGTHENING WIOA: IMPROVING
                    OUTCOMES FOR AMERICA'S WORKFORCE

                              ----------                              

                       Wednesday, March 05, 2025

                  House of Representatives,
    Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce 
                                       Development,
                  Committee on Education and The Workforce,
                                                    Washington, DC.
    The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:15 a.m., in 
Room 2175, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Burgess Owens 
(Chairman of the Subcommittee) presiding.
    Present: Representatives Owens, Foxx, Thompson, Grothman, 
Kiley, Moylan, Onder, Harris, Walberg, Adams, Takano, McBath, 
Courtney, Bonamici, DeSaulnier, and Scott.
    Also present: Messmer, Lee.
    Staff present: Vlad Cerga, Director of Information 
Technology; Dara Gardner, Einstein Fellow; Wilson He, APAICS 
Fellow; Amy Raaf Jones, Director of Education and Human 
Services Policy; Libby Kearns, Press Assistant; Isaiah Knox, 
Legislative Assistant; Campbell Ladd, Staff Assistant; R.J. 
Laukitis, Staff Director; Georgie Littlefair, Clerk; Danny 
Marca, Director of Information Technology; Audra McGeorge, 
Communications Director; Ethan Pann, Deputy Press Secretary and 
Digital Director; Kane Riddell, Staff Assistant; Sara 
Robertson, Press Secretary; Brad Thomas, Deputy Director of 
Education and Human Services Policy; Ann Vogel, Director of 
Operations; Ali Watson, Director of Member Services; Ellie 
Berenson, Minority Press Assistant; Ariel Box, Minority Intern; 
Ilana Bruner, Minority General Counsel; Rashage Green, Minority 
Director of Education Policy & Counsel; Jo Howard, Minority 
Grad Intern; Stephanie Lalle, Minority Communications Director; 
Jessica Schieder, Minority Economic Policy Advisor; Hannah 
Seligman, Minority Legal Intern; Raiyana Malone, Minority Press 
Secretary; Kevin McDermott, Minority Director of Labor Policy; 
Ben Noenickx, Minority Intern; Eleazer Padilla, Minority Staff 
Assistant; Veronique Pluviose, Minority Staff Director; 
Elizabeth Tomoloju, Minority Intern; Banyon Vassar, Minority 
Director of IT.
    Chairman Owens. Good morning. The Subcommittee on Higher 
Education and Workforce Development will come to order. I note 
that a quorum is present, and without objection, the Chair is 
authorized to call a recess at any time.
    Good morning, and welcome to the first Higher Education 
Workforce Development Subcommittee hearing of the 119th 
Congress. I am excited to be discussing a bill today that we 
worked on with our partners on the other side of the aisle to 
pass in the last Congress.
    Although it failed to cross the line, we are looking 
forward to restarting a conversation on A Stronger Workforce 
for America Act. It is a belief that it is good for both the 
workers and the employees of America. A strong workforce 
development system is vital to growing our economy and 
providing economic opportunities to every American.
    Employers are seeking high-quality workers to fill the 
nearly eight million open jobs in the United States. We also 
have 6.8 million people unemployed, many without the skills 
needed for these available jobs, according to the Bureau of 
Labor Statistics. A Stronger Workforce for America Act seeks to 
help bridge the gap by bringing employers and workers together.
    When the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, or WIOA, 
was enacted in 2014, it streamlined Federal workforce 
development programs and improved accountability. However, more 
than a decade later significant challenges still exist that 
hamper the workforce system's ability to provide high-quality 
services to youth, workers, and employers to help fill the gap 
of job openings and the growing demand of job industries.
    The Stronger Workforce for America Act made critical 
reforms to encourage better outcomes for the workers and 
employers under WIOA. The bill ensured at least 50 percent 
would go in dislocated workers funding that will be dedicated 
to providing workers the skills they need, through the 
individual training accounts and on the job learning, and other 
employee-led, industry-relevant programs with the appropriate 
flexibility built into the live funds to also be used to 
support workers receiving skills development.
    The bill will also increase connections between employers 
and workers. For example, it will allow states to establish a 
critical industry skills fund to reimburse employers, sector 
partnerships and other intermediaries for upskilling workers in 
the priority industries selected by the State.
    The bill strengthens the law's accountability mechanisms to 
ensure that WIOA funds are being used effectively. A Stronger 
Workforce for America's Act also supported an in school and out 
of school youth by placing great emphasis of the work-based 
learning, pre-apprenticeship programs, and apprenticeships for 
youth, while employing the quality of summer and year-round 
employment opportunities.
    It strengthened workforce education programs at community 
colleges that aligns with the in-demand jobs by emphasizing 
programs with industry partnerships, and those that use 
competency-based assessments to give academic credit for prior 
learning.
    Not only this, but the bill sought to improve WIOA by 
allowing states and regions to try out innovative ideas to make 
the workforce system more responsive and align with the 
evidence-based practices. Small states can choose to 
consolidate their local regions to eliminate any 
inefficiencies, and to pool resources.
    This provision was based on my One Door to Work Act, which 
would provide states the same opportunities to innovate that my 
own State of Utah has enjoyed for decades.
    A Stronger Workforce for America Act makes critical updates 
for WIOA that will improve the skills development of workers 
provided under the law, strengthen connections between 
employers and the workforce system, and put more Americans on 
the pathway to a successful career.
    I look forward to hearing from our panel of witnesses, and 
with that, I yield to the Ranking Member for her opening 
statement.
    [The statement of Chairman Owens follows:]
    
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    Ms. Adams. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I want to also 
thank our witnesses for being here today. Workforce development 
is not just an abstract policy. It directly impacts the lives 
of North Carolinians and millions of Americans. As I have 
discussed with the Chairman, this is an issue where we can come 
together and find common ground.
    I am encouraged by the chance that we have today to make 
meaningful progress on this front. The workforce development 
system is vital to providing our workers with the skills that 
they need to succeed, helping employers find the required 
talent, and positioning our Nation for future economic growth.
    As we all know, significant gaps persist. The Workforce 
Innovation and Opportunity Act, or WIOA, was a landmark step 
forward when enacted in 2014. It was a bipartisan success that 
sought to streamline the complex web of workforce programs and 
improve the accountability of our workforce systems.
    WIOA's success uplifts my constituents, as well as 
Americans throughout our country. In Charlotte alone, the local 
workforce development board generates an annual economic impact 
of nearly 225 million dollars and provides services to over 
42,000 job seekers just last year alone.
    None of this would be possible without a coordinated 
Federal investment in workforce development. More than a decade 
later, we still face systemic challenges that limit its 
effectiveness. WIOA was intended to address these challenges, 
but it has become clear that we need reform. Our workforce 
system must ensure that every worker, especially those without 
a bachelor's degree, can access good-paying jobs, and gain the 
skills required to thrive in today's economy.
    Without a fully functioning system, we risk leaving behind 
a large portion of our workforce. We know job seekers, 
especially those without advanced degrees, face significant 
barriers to finding stable, meaningful employment. Similarly, 
businesses are continuing to look to fill openings with 
qualified candidates.
    I am pleased that our committee has consistently led the 
way in addressing these challenges and reauthorizing WIOA. Last 
Congress our committee advanced, and the House passed the WIOA 
reauthorization bill on an overwhelmingly bipartisan basis. 
Then, after the House acted, our Committee and the Senate 
Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions reached a 
bipartisan, bicameral agreement entitled A Stronger Workforce 
for America Act.
    This agreement updated WIOA to increase skills development, 
strengthen the connection between employers and the workforce 
system, and put more Americans on a path to success.
    A Stronger Workforce for America Act also upgraded the 
skills of our Nation's workforce by dedicating 50 percent of 
the adult and dislocated worker funding toward upskilling 
workers and related wraparound supports, and ensured eligible, 
displaced workers were provided individual training account 
balances with a value of at least $5,000 to enroll in a high-
quality, reskilling program.
    It emphasized initiatives that equipped workers with the 
skills to fill jobs in critical industries and help the 
currently employed workforce improve their skills to avoid 
displacement and to advance their careers. It increased 
accountability by reforming what is known as the eligible 
training provider list to ensure that programs are of high-
quality and aligned with hiring demands.
    It codified two important programs to help individuals 
released from incarceration transition back to employment and 
strengthen workforce programs at community colleges. I am 
particularly proud that a stronger workforce for America also 
focused on our Nation's opportunity youth.
    These are young people aged 16 to 24 who are not in school, 
not at work. As one of today's witnesses, Mr. Sainz notes in 
his excellent testimony, nearly 11 percent of 16-to-24-year-
olds in my home State of North Carolina, are disconnected from 
school or work.
    That is a big challenge for local communities, and that is 
why it is so critical that A Stronger Workforce for America 
included several key provisions aimed at helping opportunity 
youth gain employment opportunities and ensure that they 
receive services at local job centers.
    A Stronger Workforce for America was supported by a diverse 
coalition of stakeholders, ranging from AARP to the U.S. 
Chamber of Commerce. I wish to enter into the record an 
endorsement letter from scores of youth workforce 
organizations, including several locations in North Carolina, 
Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Owens. No objection.
    [The information of Ms. Adams follows:]
    
    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    

    Ms. Adams. As my colleagues know, A Stronger Workforce for 
America was on the cusp of being law last December. Initially, 
it was included in the continuing resolution funding the 
government but was unfortunately removed by the Speaker at the 
last minute in part due to some misinformation circulating on 
social media.
    Today's hearing presents an important opportunity to get 
our effort back on track, so I appreciate Chair Walberg and 
Subcommittee Chair Owens for convening. Finally, I am mindful 
that we are a little over a week away from a potential 
government shutdown.
    One of the reasons we must avert it is the importance of 
appropriately funding workforce development programs, which 
have been chronically underfunded. While the U.S. labor force 
has grown by roughly half over the past four decades, Federal 
spending on workforce development has fallen by two-thirds, and 
we must do better.
    I am excited, Mr. Chair, to hear from our witnesses today. 
I look forward to working with you to enact A Stronger 
Workforce for America Act this year and continue to build the 
workforce system that supports workers, businesses, and our 
economy. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    [The statement of Ranking Member Adams follows:]
    
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    Chairman Owens. Thank you, Ms. Adams. I appreciate that. 
Pursuant to Committee Rule 8(C), all members who wish to insert 
written statements into the record may do so by submitting them 
into the Committee Clerk electronically in Microsoft Word 
format by 5 p.m., 14 days after this hearing, which is March 
19, 2025. Without objection, the hearing record will remain 
open for 14 days to allow such statements and other materials 
be noted during this hearing to be submitted for the official 
hearing record.
    I note for the Subcommittee that some of my colleagues who 
are not permanent members of this Subcommittee may be waiving 
on for the purpose of today's hearing.
    I now turn to the introduction of our four distinguished 
witnesses. Our first witness is Dr. Stephen Moret, who is 
President and CEO of Strada Education Foundation in Washington, 
DC. Previously, he was CEO of Virginia Economic Development 
Partnership.
    Our second witness is Ms. Molly Dodge, who is Senior Vice 
President of Workforce and Careers at the Ivy Tech Community 
College, in Indianapolis, Indiana. Prior to this role, she was 
Chancellor of Madison College of Campus of Ivy Tech Community 
College.
    Our third witness is Mr. Robert Sainz, who is Board Chair 
of the National Youth Employment Coalition in Washington, DC. 
He also serves as a partner of the California Opportunity Youth 
Network, and as Executive Director and President of the New 
Ways to Work.
    Our fourth witness is Mr. Nicholas--Nick Moore, who is 
Director of the Office of Education and Workforce 
Transformation in the Office of Governor of Alabama, which is 
in Montgomery, Alabama. Previously, he served as a Teacher for 
America Course Member in Lowndes County, Alabama. He also 
worked in the offices of Representative Martha Roby, and 
Senator Luther Strange.
    We thank the witnesses for being here today, and we look 
forward to your testimony. Pursuant to the Committee Rules, I 
will ask each of you to limit your oral presentation to a 3-
minute summary of your written statement. The clock will count 
down from 3 minutes as Committee members may have many 
questions for you, and we would like to spend as much time as 
possible on questions.
    Pursuant to Committee Rule 8(B), the Committee practice is 
we will not cutoff your testimony until you reach the 5-minute 
mark. I would also like to remind the witnesses to be aware of 
their responsibility to provide accurate information to the 
Subcommittee.
    I would like first to recognize Mr. Moret for your 
testimony.

       STATEMENT OF DR. STEPHEN MORET, PRESIDENT AND CEO, 
          STRADA EDUCATION FOUNDATION, WASHINGTON, D.C.

    Mr. Moret. Good morning, Chairman Owens and Ranking Member 
Adams, and members of the Subcommittee. I am Stephen Moret, CEO 
of Strada Education Foundation. At Strada, we deploy a range of 
tools, including research, grant making, investments and public 
policy solutions, all in support of the single mission--
connecting education with opportunity.
    We believe in the future where every person, no matter 
where they started, can navigate their way to a quality 
education, a fulfilling career, and a life filled with growth 
and choices. Today, capable learners and eager employers are 
searching for each other in a system with too many walls, and 
not enough doors.
    This is true across all career pathways, not just 2-year 
and 4-year degrees. For many WIOA participants, workforce 
training does not provide a strong economic foundation. For 
example, a 2023 Harvard study estimated that more than 40 
percent of WIOA funded training participants earned less than 
$25,000 per year.
    The foundational promise of our education and workforce 
systems is to knock down walls, and open doors to opportunity. 
These systems have struggled to keep up with the rapid 
evolution of work and learning. Too many WIOA participants 
finished training without securing a good job, while many 
employers struggled to find the talent with the skills that 
they need.
    A fundamental barrier to better outcomes for both 
individuals and employers is the lack of actionable data. 
Federal and State leaders should be commended for all that we 
do know about WIOA participants. When it comes to what happens 
after program completion, we only know two things, whether 
participants got a job, and how much they earn each quarter.
    Now it is time to break new ground. Despite the substantial 
data collected on who participates in a WIOA program, we lack 
three critical insights into their employment outcomes. What 
occupation they entered, the hourly pay rate, and where the job 
was located.
    By helping states that want to add these three datapoints 
to quarterly wage records, we can get a clear picture of how 
well workforce programs meet participant needs, and employer 
needs. For example, are participants finding good jobs related 
to their training? Are workforce programs meeting employee 
needs, employer needs, or are they training people for jobs in 
short supply?
    Are some participants earning low quarterly wages because 
they are in low-paying jobs, or is it because they are working 
part-time? Which occupations represent dead ends, and which 
ones lead to future upward mobility.
    With targeted enhancements to outcomes data, we could 
answer these and other important questions about WIOA, while 
also positioning individuals, employers, workforce boards, 
training providers, and policymakers to make better informed 
decisions.
    Strada today is supporting more than 15 states working to 
implement enhanced wage records. Congress can accelerate this 
movement by codifying and expanding WDQI grants in a bipartisan 
and Stronger Workforce for America Act. I refer you to my 
written testimony for additional details, and I applaud you all 
for the bipartisan work you are doing to modernize WIOA. Thank 
you, Chairman Owens.
    [The statement of Mr. Moret follows:]
    
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    Chairman Owens. Thank you so much. I now recognize Ms. 
Dodge for your testimony.

     STATEMENT OF MS. MOLLY DODGE, SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT
      OF WORKFORCE AND CAREERS,  IVY TECH COMMUNITY COL- 
      LEGE, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

    Ms. Dodge. Good morning, Chairman Owens, Ranking Member 
Adams, and members of the Subcommittee. My name is Molly Dodge, 
and I have the honor of serving as Senior Vice President of 
Workforce and Careers at Ivy Tech Community College, Indiana's 
largest postsecondary institution, and America's largest 
singularly accredited statewide community college system, 
serving over 200,000 students this year.
    At Ivy Tech we are deeply committed to building a skills-
based economy by providing high impact career coaching, 
employer aligned stackable credentials, and workforce training 
programs that directly support Indiana's key industries.
    As Indiana's largest training WIOA training provider, we 
work closely with the Indiana Department of Workforce 
Development and 12 regional workforce boards to deliver 
training and business services to thousands of employers and 
learners.
    This work is vital in addressing Indiana's pressing 
workforce challenges, including the labor force with only 72 
workers for every 100 open jobs. We support key provisions in 
this bill, including requiring no less than 50 percent of local 
workforce funding to be used for skills development, expanding 
individual training accounts for displaced workers, the 
establishment of a critical industry skills fund, increasing 
funding for industry driven training models, and increased 
transparency related to outcomes and credentials earned, 
including their labor market value.
    Indiana faces an urgent demand for skills training with 
projections indicating that 69 percent of our job openings in 
the next decade will require education beyond high school. 
Additionally, Indiana will need to upskill or reskill 82,000 
learners annually through 2030 to meet our workforce demands.
    That is a staggering challenge, and one in which additional 
WIOA funds would be leveraged to address. A critical industry 
skills fund would provide strategic focus on workforce aligned, 
stackable, short-term certificates, and provide additional 
support to expand or develop training programs aligned in 
Indiana's priority industries.
    This provision validates the college's focus on 
coproduction of talent with employers, such as our partnership 
with Eli Lilly and Company, to create a pipeline of 1,000 
trained biopharma technicians. Ivy Tech believes that it is 
critical to provide transparent information about the 
credentials earned by our students, and the value in the labor 
market, and therefore supports these provisions in the 
legislation.
    The college currently tracks student earnings post-
graduation, ensuring our programs lead to wages above Indiana's 
median income. The college is also embarking on a new 
partnership with CredLens to enhance our understanding of the 
labor market value and outcomes associated with micro 
credentials, industry certifications, and licensure program 
completions.
    The reauthorization of WIOA represents a critical 
opportunity to strengthen Indiana's workforce. Ivy Tech 
strongly supports the provisions in A Stronger Workforce for 
America Act, which align Federal workforce investments with 
Indiana's economic priorities.
    Thank you for the opportunity to testify in support of this 
legislation.
    [The statement of Ms. Dodge follows:]
    
    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    

    Chairman Owens. Thank you so much. I now recognize Mr. 
Sainz.

    STATEMENT OF MR. ROBERT SAINZ, CHAIR, BOARD OF DIREC- 
     TORS,  NATIONAL YOUTH  EMPLOYMENT  COALITION,  WASH- 
     INGTON, D.C.

    Mr. Sainz. Thank you, Chairman Owens, Ranking Member Adams, 
and members of the Subcommittee. Thank you for this opportunity 
to testify this morning. My name is Robert Sainz, and as 
previously mentioned, I spent 31 years in the public sector, 16 
years as a WIOA administrator.
    Currently, I serve as Executive Director for New Ways to 
Work, as well as a partner with the COYN, the California 
Opportunity Youth Network, and I previously was the President 
of the Workforce Development Council for the U.S. Conference of 
Mayors.
    As you can see, I like to work. One of the reasons why I 
like to work is on this particular population of opportunity 
youth. The National Youth Employment Council has over 46 years 
of representation for this particular population. The 16-to-24-
year-olds in the country, there are 4.6 million who are not in 
school and who are not at work.
    I'll say that again, it is nearly 4.3 million, that is over 
10 percent of our young adult population not in school and not 
at work. What are their life's chances if they are not 
connected to school and work? We need to be able to connect 
these young people now. Our economy is changing and it is 
changing rapidly, and if they are not connected now, their life 
chances in terms of economic prosperity and mobility is going 
to be severely challenged.
    As a membership organization with over 160 members 
throughout the country, we work real extensively with Federal, 
State and local lawmakers to be able to advocate for this 
population, as well as to bring best practices of how to reach 
and to reconnect these young people to school, and to work.
    As you know, all people--all young people need supportive 
services. They need financial resources. They need basic needs 
like transportation and housing and food. Opportunity youth are 
no different. Many times, they do not have the access to these 
stable provisions.
    We need opportunity youth to be served because they are 
represented throughout the country. In Utah, 8.5 percent of 16-
to-24-year-olds are disconnected. As mentioned previously, in 
North Carolina, nearly 11 percent are disconnected. There are 
significant economic benefits to reconnecting young people to 
school and to work.
    The Federal Government itself would gain 11,900 for each 
young person who is reconnected every year. If we were to 
reconnect all 4.3 million opportunity youth in the United 
States, this will contribute 51 billion per year to the 
economy. Importantly, the economic benefits of reconnecting 
youth show up in long-term indicators, like increased income, 
discretionary spending, higher levels of home ownership, 
employment rates and better overall health.
    Conversely, the costs of not reconnecting these young 
people are high. Each year not reconnected opportunity youth 
represent a tax burden of $13,900 and a social burden of 
$37,450. Fortunately, programs like the WIOA, WIOA Youth, 
YouthBuild and reentry employment opportunities serve as a 
lifeline to over 130,000 young people each year.
    Today's hearing comes at a critical moment. Young people 
are seeking jobs and seeking education, and employers need 
these young people to actually serve their labor needs. 
Programs like WIOA help connect these two interests, but as you 
know the law has not been reauthorized since 2014.
    Last year we came close to having the law passed. The 
bipartisan, bicameral agreement reauthorized WIOA, also known 
as A Stronger Workforce for America Act, came close to being 
passed, and it was in the right direction. It made major steps 
to connect more young people to school and work.
    As a part of our efforts to support the bill, we created 
the bipartisan Opportunity Youth Caucus, in conjunction with 
Chairman Owens and former Congresswoman Steel. This bipartisan 
Opportunity Youth Caucus, we are hoping to have it 
reestablished this Congress as well and hope all members can 
join.
    NYEC is supporting ASWA for many reasons. No. 1 is the 65-
million-dollar competitive youth apprenticeship readiness grant 
that is going to actually increase youth apprenticeships and 
create apprenticeship opportunities. It actually creates a new 
definition of set of in school and out of school to talk about 
opportunity youth.
    We also support the bill because it codifies the reentry 
employment opportunity program. It also encourages or mandates 
a State and local workforce boards have a plan for opportunity 
youth. We will have more details in the written testimony here, 
and thank you for this opportunity.
    [The Statement of Mr. Sainz follows:]
    
    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    

    Chairman Owens. Thank you, Mr. Sainz. I appreciate it. Our 
last witness is Mr. Moore, for your testimony. Thank you.

    STATEMENT OF MR. NICHOLAS ``NICK'' MOORE, DIRECTOR, OF- 
     FICE  OF   EDUCATION  AND   WORKFORCE  TRANSFORMATION,
     MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA

    Mr. Moore. Thank you, Chairman Owens, Ranking Member Adams, 
and distinguished Subcommittee members. It is a pleasure to 
testify before you today. Reauthorizing WIOA can incentivize 
states to align the workforce system with the economy. States 
were eager to see A Stronger Workforce for America Act, or H.R. 
6655, become law last Congress, and the 119th Congress provides 
another opportunity to modernize our Nation's workforce system.
    For program year 2022, almost 44 percent of Alabama's IOWA 
Title I allocation was spent on administration, just over 3,000 
Alabamians exited training, and only 34 percent were employed 
in a training related occupation a year later. The disparities 
between the results of the public workforce system and the 
realities of the labor market are also endemic nationally.
    In 2022, just over 200,000 Americans were provided training 
services through WIOA. Approximately 127,000 exited training 
and just over 35 percent of those were employed in a training 
related occupation. Alabama has combined work-based learning, 
industry recognized credentials, and has launched the Alabama 
Talent Triad working with the private sector as the Nation's 
first full-scale talent marketplace in 2023.
    In 2024, Governor Ivey signed the Working For Alabama 
legislative package, which gives Alabama mandate to improve 
performance. These aggressive, state-led accountability 
measures go beyond Federal requirements, which are just far too 
low.
    H.R. 6655 would have allowed states to be designated as 
single State local areas. This reform allows states to 
receive--to reduce rather duplicative layers of administration, 
while preserving local control and services for job seekers and 
employers.
    Revisions to Section 119 would have allowed stated to 
negotiate performance levels with the U.S. Departments of Labor 
and Education by requiring those departments to first make and 
propose, and then for states that offer counter proposals. 
These reforms will allow Alabama to align the WIOA performance 
indicators with State determined goals.
    Amendments to Section 143 would have required at least 50 
percent of local area funds to be expended on training, while 
also authorizing supportive services. These reforms would 
assist Alabama with training more workers, rather than funding 
an inefficient workforce system.
    Amendments to Section 190 would have allowed up to five 
states already approved to be single State areas to receive a 
consolidated WIOA Title I grant. This reform will allow smaller 
states, like Alabama, to compete on a level playing field. 
Again, thank you, and I am grateful that this Subcommittee is 
holding this hearing. I look forward to answering your 
questions, working together, the Congress and the states can 
ensure that all Americans have an opportunity to reach the full 
measure of their God given potential. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    [The statement of Mr. Moore follows:]
    
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    Chairman Owens. Thank you so much for that. Under Committee 
Rule 9, we will now question the witnesses under the 5-minute 
Rule. I will recognize myself for the first 5 minutes. Mr. 
Moret, in your written testimony you talked about the need to 
use more data, effectively to track, and ultimately improve 
performances.
    In your experience, why would a workforce and educational 
system be reluctant to improve their use of data, or do you 
think it is a lack of technical expertise?
    Mr. Moret. Chairman Owens, thank you for that thoughtful 
question. In my personal experience higher education leaders 
generally welcome that data, but that data is not readily 
available to them. The vast majority of institutions do not 
have the data systems, the capacity, to really track that at 
the institutional level.
    Creating this sort of State level capacity that can serve 
the whole State and all the institutions within the State, I 
think is a really critical step. One of the reasons why we 
think inclusion of certainly the expansion of WDQI grants in A 
Stronger Workforce for America Act is such a positive 
development.
    I think as more data becomes available, I do think we are 
going to see those institutions be responsive. One of the big 
changes that has happened in the last few years is as 
affordability concerns become really paramount in the public, 
we are seeing more and more higher education institution 
leaders being more and more focused on employment outcomes, 
outcomes after completion.
    We think that is a really positive development, but we 
think we need better data to help them do that work.
    Chairman Owens. Okay. Thank you so much. Ms. Dodge, in your 
written statement you mentioned the Critical Industry Skills 
Fund, and increasing the cap of incumbent work training that 
were proposed in the Stronger Workforce America Act. How would 
these provisions strengthen the connection between the 
workforce system and employers?
    Ms. Dodge. Thank you for that question, Chairman Owens. 
These provisions deepen employer engagement with the workforce 
system by making training investments more strategic, outcome 
focused and aligned with industry needs. That critical industry 
skills fund will provide performance-based payments to training 
providers, ensuring funds are directed toward industries that 
employers identify as critical to their growth.
    This provision puts employers in the driver's seat, or as 
we call this at Ivy Tech, co-production of talent with 
employers, allowing them to play a direct role in defining 
workforce needs and skills gaps. This fund can also incentivize 
regional partnerships where multiple employers in the same 
industry, like advanced manufacturing, healthcare, or 
logistics, co-develop training pipelines that benefit all 
businesses within the sector.
    Finally, increasing the cap on incumbent worker training 
enables local workforce boards to provide more funding for 
employers to upskill and retain experienced workers. As you 
heard in my testimony, that is critical to the growth of 
Indiana, and also these funds will enable employers to reskill 
employees into hard to fill roles.
    Both of these provisions provide more agency to employers, 
ensure alignment of our training programs with real job market 
needs, and they also create a continuous feedback loop, where 
employers can provide real time feedback on training 
effectiveness, allowing training providers like community 
college to adapt those programs as needed.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you so much for that. Mr. Moore, you 
mentioned in your testimony that A Stronger Workforce for 
America Act would establish a pilot to allow certain states and 
local areas to receive their WIOA Title I grants, as 
consolidated grants with increased flexibility.
    The provisions based on my One Door to Act, which is in 
turn based on reforms taken in Utah. How could such pilot 
authority benefit workers and employers in Alabama?
    Mr. Moore. It is a very important question, Mr. Chairman. 
Over the last six program years, Alabama has lost 58 percent of 
its Title 1 defunding. At the same period of time, we have seen 
increased needs of our employers in each of our regions. If we 
allow states working through your one workforce solution to not 
only have the block grant for the Title IB programs, but also 
to become a single State area, will allow more of those dollars 
to be spent on training, and to get more people connected to 
the labor force, so that we could begin to connect the labor 
force participation rate, and the number of people that exit 
our WIOA programs.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you. First of all, I am very, very 
excited about this process going through, and working with my 
colleagues across the board. This is something we all need, 
America needs big time, so thanks so much for that. I am now 
going to recognize the Ranking Member for the purpose of her 
questioning.
    Ms. Adams. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and again, thank you to 
the witnesses today. Ms. Dodge, community colleges are the 
backbone of workforce training in this country now. I am a 
former professor of a 4-year institution, but I do understand 
the value of our community colleges as it relates to that 
because they provide job training that is affordable, 
accessible, directly connected to employers' needs.
    Despite their importance, there is no dedicated funding for 
community colleges under WIOA. That is why the bicameral, 
bipartisan, A Stronger Workforce for America Act would codify 
the strengthening of community college training programs. We 
have them all over our State.
    We have one in my district in Charlotte, but besides tech 
for example, receiving a 5 million dollar grant to support 
workforce development in advanced manufacturing, and working 
with seven other community colleges in North Carolina to expand 
those opportunities, so what role do community colleges play in 
strengthening the workforce system, and why is dedicated 
capacity building investment like the Strengthening Community 
College training grants so critical for these institutions to 
meet employee demand, support workers who need training the 
most?
    Ms. Dodge. Thank you, Ranking Member Adams, for that 
question, and thank you for your passion for the mission and 
the goals of our community college system nationwide. This WIOA 
funding, this reauthorized bill would enable community colleges 
to work in a more collaborative and systematic fashion, with 
workforce boards, as well as employers.
    Creating that backward designed programmed development from 
the needs of employers through the community college system, 
and into even our high schools, CTE programs, provides a 
pipeline of workers for critical industries within the State of 
Indiana.
    That pipeline right now is leaky, and we lose individuals 
who cannot--do not understand, or do not find their why in high 
school or in college, and that is where career coaching plays a 
very important role in ensuring that students know why they are 
enrolled in educational programs, and what the outcome of those 
educational programs are.
    Also, the employers providing that pool system from these 
programs, being at the table, working with us on developing the 
curriculum, ensures that our graduates are offered interviews, 
and ultimately hired for these hard to fill roles. As it 
relates to you----
    Ms. Adams. Go ahead.
    Ms. Dodge. As it relates to your question about the 
Strengthening Community College grant, we were fortunate to 
receive such a grant in October 2022. It is focused on helping 
employers in our State modernize and automate their--through 
the Manufacturing Skills Standards Council, their supply 
chains-.
    This is brand new--a brand-new certification that is 
industry aligned to the skills and competencies needed in 
logistics. That grant also provided us with critical funding to 
purchase equipment to offer this certification to our students.
    Ms. Adams. Let me move on to this next question. We had, of 
course, hurricanes last year in North Carolina, left thousands 
without shelter and work, and so WIOA dislocated worker 
programs, 11 counties received access to job training. Mr. 
Sainz, given the increase of severity and frequency of natural 
disasters, would you explain the critical role that WIOA plays 
in disaster response?
    Mr. Sainz. Thank you for that timely question. In 
California, with the fires as an example, the WIOA dollars and 
emergency grants have come from both the feds and the State, 
has allowed the local workforce boards to actually employ 
dislocated workers to assist on the fire recovery.
    As those programs have historically rolled out on the 
emergency programming, we were able to reach populations that 
had--wanting to get back into the workforce and labor market, 
and that were really provided a real strong way to connect them 
with immediate work opportunities.
    Ms. Adams. Okay. Well, thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, I 
yield back.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you. I would like to now recognize my 
colleague from Missouri, Mr. Onder.
    Mr. Onder. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thanks to all the 
witnesses for coming here for this important issue. One of the 
biggest impediments to the success of the Federal workforce 
development programs is the amount of red tape that local 
workforce boards must navigate.
    In any reformation of the workload innovation--Workforce 
Innovation and Opportunity Act, we must make it easier for 
local workforce boards to partner with one step partners to 
establish one stop delivery systems. Right now, WIOA requires 
local boards to develop a memorandum of understanding with all 
one step partners pertaining to the operation of one stop 
delivery systems in the local area.
    A key component of that is the infrastructure funding 
agreement, which establishes the costs for general one stop 
operations, such as facility rental and so on. You know, many 
times there is confusion between the State method and the local 
method. This is often an unnecessarily long process that takes 
away valuable time and resources from helping people find jobs.
    Last Congress, the House passed A Stronger Workforce for 
America Act, which included language to reform the funding of 
one stop infrastructure by removing the requirement on local 
boards to negotiate an IFA with the one stop partners and 
defaulting to the State infrastructure mechanism.
    I believe there is still more we can do to streamline these 
processes. Mr. Moore, in your testimony you discussed how 
Alabama is striving to improve program efficiency. You 
mentioned that last year Governor Ivey signed into law the 
Alabama Workforce Transformation Act, which directs the Alabama 
workforce board to improve performance through technological 
integration.
    How can we, Mr. Moore, at the Federal level, help states to 
leverage modern technological advances with the need for 
regulatory compliance, and hopefully minimize that time needed 
for regulatory compliance?
    Mr. Moore. Thank you for that very important question. One, 
there is far too much system in the money right now, and I 
appreciate you mentioned the State funding mechanism because 
right now states are required to watch local workforce 
development boards sometimes negotiate to the point of 
frustration until the Governor can step in and provide the 
State funding mechanism.
    We can also, I think, look at a little bit nuanced way 
about how we are funding the physical footprint for our one 
stop delivery system. How many people do we have per square 
foot? What is the foot traffic? Are we simply giving somebody 
directions to the 7-11, or are we actually delivering services 
and that foot traffic pattern?
    We have to combine policy, technology and process to make 
this system more efficient. No. 1, we have got to make it 
easier to cross train, and maybe loosen up a little bit on the 
merit system requirements for Title I and III staff, and we had 
to embrace large language models to be able to improve the 
intake and assessment process, and that is what we are doing in 
Alabama through the Talent Triad.
    If you are a veteran that comes in with a joint service 
transcript, you should easily in one stop, not have to go to go 
see John from 2 to 4, or Susie next week from 1 to 5, but one 
case manager serving one customer to give them the sort of 
golden ticket to employment, and their next stop on their 
training journey.
    Mr. Onder. Thank you. Ms. Dodge, would you care to comment?
    Ms. Dodge. Well, I would just agree with Nick 
wholeheartedly. I think that as we think about the services 
being provided within these one stops, we need to acknowledge 
that the adults that we are serving come to us with prior 
learning experiences. They come to us with workforce training 
that they have already taken, and we need to honor those skills 
and competencies, ensuring that they can either be reskilled 
into a highly needed job, or that they can enter postsecondary 
with academic credit on an academic pathway.
    Mr. Onder. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, I yield 
back.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you. I would like to now recognize my 
colleague from Virginia, Mr. Scott.
    Mr. Scott. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Dr. Moret, you 
mentioned the challenges of getting enough data to know whether 
you are successful. How does the bill address that concern?
    Mr. Moret. Thank you, Representative Scott, and I 
appreciate your service in my home State of Virginia. One of 
the things that we think is a really positive feature of the 
bill is the WDQI grants portion, and in particular, the 
codification and expansion of those grants.
    Those grants have been helpful to a number of states in 
modernizing their education, employment or data systems. One of 
the specific opportunities that we see is for states that want 
to create a more robust outcomes data, including enhanced wage 
record opportunities that I talked about earlier.
    These grants can help give them the scarce resources they 
need to do that, so we think it is a really constructive part 
of the bill, and we also think that as more states implement 
that opportunity that you are going to see more energy around 
it, more impact, and more interest in that area across the 
country, really enabled by the expansion of the WDQI grants.
    Mr. Scott. Thank you. Ms. Dodge, you mentioned sector 
training. One of the things we want to make sure we have is 
when there is an entire sector where they need training where 
one industry is pretty much phasing out. You identified another 
sector where training could be very important.
    Does the bill make that identification process possible and 
effective?
    Ms. Dodge. That is a very--that is a very important 
question, especially at the speed at which our economy is 
changing, both in Indiana and nationwide. I think what the bill 
stresses is that we use framework, skill-based frameworks like 
O*NET, Credential Engine and others to help learners understand 
what skills and competencies they have mastered, and what the 
gap is between their current role and a new industry.
    Mr. Scott. One of the things we have identified is the 
transition between automobiles, combustion engines to electric 
cars, and in a lot of areas, even in repairs, and parts 
manufacturing there is going to be a transition. How would the 
bill affect that transition?
    Ms. Dodge. Also, a great question. I think the employer, 
the deep employer engagement that is outlined in this bill is 
critical, especially in transition--industries that are in 
transition. At Ivy Tech we are still offering certificates 
aligned to the combustion engine, but we just launched with the 
support of numerous employers and associations in Indiana, a 
new electric and hybrid vehicle certificate, which prepares 
students for the automotive service excellence, light duty, 
hybrid, electric vehicle specialist certification.
    As we think about these transitions, it is critically 
important for local, regional workforce boards to understand 
the employers within that region, and what skills and 
competencies they are looking for.
    Mr. Scott. Thank you. Mr. Sainz, many local workforce 
boards have had to cap individual training accounts at $2,000, 
and that has been quite a limit. Can you say something about 
the increase of that to $5,000?
    Mr. Sainz. Yes, sir. The increase in the new--or the 
legislation that was proposed last year increased it to $5,000, 
which will really allow for longer term training. I think one 
of the shortfalls that we have had within the system has been 
the emphasis on short-term training, 6-week or 8-week training, 
which does provide some immediate gains, but they are short 
gains.
    The longer-term investment in--like what was just described 
by Ms. Dodge of the long-term training, and having the 
resources to be able to pay for that, as well as to pay for the 
support services many of our young people need to have to be 
able to actually obtain the training is critical.
    Mr. Scott. Thank you. You mentioned the costs of not 
reconnecting opportunity youth with quality work. Can you say 
what some of the costs are in ignoring opportunity youth?
    Mr. Sainz. Yes. Very, very important. Our opportunity youth 
population does look different in comparison to the population 
that is connected to school and work. One of the biggest 
statistical deviations is that the young people have a higher 
reliance on public assistance, and that public assistance comes 
at a cost.
    If they are not working, if they are not in school, they 
have a higher reliance of public assistance. Second area is 
their contributions to the tax base. If they are not working, 
they are not contributing to the tax base. Their likelihood of 
being a homeowner is very small, so not being a homeowner means 
the stability, as well as their contributions to the property 
tax base is lower, so it has some very negative effects for 
them not being connected.
    The positive side is that the higher the income, or the 
higher the education, the higher the income, the higher the 
contributions.
    Mr. Scott. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you. I now would like to recognize my 
colleague from North Carolina, Mr. Harris.
    Mr. Harris. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you to all 
of you that are giving your testimony today. I have had the 
pleasure of reading your written testimoneys. In just a moment, 
I want to focus on this idea of accountability. Mr. Moore, how 
does a training provider get on the list of programs that a 
workforce center can offer and can just any employer or company 
get WIOA funds for providing training.
    Mr. Moore. Well, thank you sir for that question, and there 
is a process under current law, and I believe The Stronger 
Workforce for America Act would improve that process, but it 
also is going to take states taking action as well, to meet the 
Federal Government. Part of that is making sure that you have 
got a strong process for identifying credentials of value.
    The credential that is put out from that program, and then 
that is not enough. We need to work to make sure that the 
credential is basically the wrapper that the employer 
recognized skills that view that credential, that is what 
actually has currency in the labor market, so making sure that 
any eligible training provider has been in operation long 
enough to where you can demonstrate that--and I believe this 
bill takes the percentages, it increases those.
    State could go even further, but there certainly currently 
is a patchwork. Governor Ivey in our State is working to 
improve our eligible training provider list, so that when 
somebody completes a WIOA program, they can bank on the fact 
that they are going to be able to connect with an in-demand 
job.
    Mr. Harris. What happens if a training provider fails to 
meet the criteria?
    Mr. Moore. They can be sanctioned and removed from the 
list, and I think that more states need to clean up their 
eligible training provider list. Sometimes there are hundreds, 
if not thousands of programs on these lists, and it is very 
difficult for a student, or a job seeker to be able to come 
through all of that, so it leads to a lot of information 
asymmetry, and people do not necessarily know which programs 
are connected with an in-demand job.
    Mr. Harris. Okay. Thank you. Ms. Dodge, it is important for 
students to know ahead of time what they can expect from a 
program, and one reform we should consider is requiring 
training providers like industry and community colleges to 
provide transparent information about the credentials they 
create.
    Help me. How can we make sure that these credentials line 
up to the labor market, and are also valuable for the learner?
    Ms. Dodge. Well, that is the most important question for 
the learner, and the success of the learner in America. To your 
point, Representative Harris, learners have to understand what 
is their return on investment for enrolling in postsecondary 
training. They also have to make sure, especially adults and 
older youth who have other responsibilities, including 
parenting, or part-time work, or even full-time work in an 
underemployed role.
    They have to understand that the postsecondary offering 
will meet their needs and is suitable for them. Encouraging or 
requiring providers on the ETPL to include program duration, 
the cost, including total expenses for the program, what the 
delivery method is, whether it is hands on, in person, or 
online, ensures that our WIOA dollars will be invested in 
programs with measurable success.
    Mr. Harris. Excellent. Well, it is great to see how all of 
you have partnered in your community to ensure your graduates 
are well prepared to enter the job market when they leave your 
campus. I think we all agree that we should ensure that all of 
our Federal dollars are only going to programs that are going 
to do the same.
    In just my last minute, I want to come back to Mr. Moore 
for just a moment because I firmly believe that the Federal 
Government's role in workforce development should primarily be 
to get out of the way. I mean by that, I believe states, 
employers, schools and individuals are best equipped to handle 
workforce preparation.
    The Federal Government should simply ensure our laws, 
regulations and taxes all promote job growth and a strong 
economy. Mr. Moore, I would just ask you specifically, how do 
mandates from the Federal Government impact your ability to 
respond to the needs of your state?
    Mr. Moore. Well, I will give you a good example. In our 
annual performance report, the six core performance indicators 
measure how an average of how many people were served, and how 
many had a good outcome. In Alabama, if we want to increase our 
labor force participation rate 1 percentage point, we have got 
to add 41,000 non-participators to the labor force.
    In our WIOA programs, we are training about 4,000, okay. In 
our annual report, the U.S. Department of Education and Labor 
tell us that we are doing a good job. Part of the Federal 
mandate is getting in our way. It is telling us that we are 
doing a good job whenever we are, you know, if we serve 9 out 
of 10 people well, but that is not actually aligned with the 
economy.
    If we have got 16 target populations, and we have got close 
to a million people, they need to be trained. Saying that we 
are doing a good job by serving 9 out of 10 people, that is not 
lined up with reality.
    Mr. Harris. I got you. Well, thank you all very much. Mr. 
Chairman, I yield back.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you. I would like to now recognize my 
colleague from California, Mr. Takano.
    Mr. Takano. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you to the 
witnesses for being here. Mr. Sainz, your testimony highlights 
the economic benefits of reconnecting opportunity youth to 
quality work and educational opportunities. You make the case 
that there is a strong return on investment when we ensure that 
young people have resources and support.
    I want to give you some time to elaborate on that.
    Mr. Sainz. Thank you. I would point the Committee to some 
of the great research that has been done by the Social Science 
Research Council Measure of America. They have extensively 
looked at this issue across the country and have published some 
direct reports on that. In each of the studies that they are 
able to show both the relationship to economic outputs and 
contributions to educational levels.
    Out of that 4.3 million population I speak of, about 40 
percent do not have a high school diploma. If you think about 
what is a young person's chances to succeed with economic 
mobility without a high school diploma, they are very small. 
Just that alone actually has a huge increase in their economic 
output by getting the high school diploma.
    The other 60 percent are folks that have graduated with a 
high school diploma, but have not entered into higher education 
training, apprenticeship programs, and/or the workforce. Being 
able to move them into the community college, being able to 
move them into apprenticeship programs, being able to move them 
into the workforce with a career, not just a part-time job.
    The other part of the study is that without them having 
this early work connection, their long-term work prospects 
become very, very shaky. In terms of being not laid off, you 
know, the first in, first out, which happens in the labor 
market for these young people.
    All of this contributes--if we are able to reconnect them 
early, have them have the work experiences that are called out 
in this legislation, having them reconnect to education and to 
training programs, their overall incomes will increase, and the 
overall productivity both for their families, their communities 
and for our overall economic health increases.
    Mr. Takano. Well, thank you for that. You mentioned also 
that failing to connect opportunity youth with necessary 
resources impacts their community, both economically and 
socially. Can you describe those impacts, meaning the failure 
to connect youth?
    Mr. Sainz. Right. The failure to connect is what we 
actually see oftentimes on the front page of our metro section 
where you have young people who are not participating in the 
economy, and the high concentration of these young people 
usually in communities really causes some of our community 
challenges.
    You have higher costs that will go in terms of them in the 
justice system, higher costs for them for long-term connection 
to public support systems, and then the high costs that they 
would have on the healthcare. These are all indicators that 
without education and without work prospects all go up.
    That is where you have direct hard expenditures, as well as 
the social costs of lack of productivity.
    Mr. Takano. Well, thank you. I am very proud that my 
district has a strong network of support for young people, 
including six youth opportunity centers in our region, and a 
Youth Commission that liaises directly with the Riverside 
County Board of Supervisors. As one of the most rapidly growing 
areas in the country, workforce development is crucial to my 
district's infrastructure, and engaging young people is 
imperative.
    Mr. Sainz, how would The Stronger Workforce for America 
proposal increase youth participation in these career pathways, 
and what tangible impacts would districts like mine see?
    Mr. Sainz. You have a great district, and there is some 
great leadership in your district with those opportunity youth, 
they are part of our member network, so thank you for your 
leadership on this issue. There are two really fundamental 
changes. One is on the eligibility, and someone had mentioned 
about making it easier to serve young people.
    Currently, as the regulations State, it is that we wait for 
young people to have all the eligibility documentations before 
we start providing any services. Oftentimes, those paperwork 
and those documentation, in terms of having income tax records, 
and even sometimes supply identification, they do not have at 
their ready.
    Being able to actually and actually give them time to bring 
that documentation to the programs, but you could start the 
services when the young people need the services. When they 
come in and ask for the services, you are able to start doing 
the enrollment.
    That is a critical piece in terms of retaining the young 
people in the programming. Then second, in terms of the 
authorization in the funding, as authorizes this beyond the 
fiscal 1924 levels, which to me is really a great thing because 
you need to be able to have the fiscal support for the programs 
in order to do these services.
    Mr. Takano. Mr. Chairman, I am sorry I went over, but you 
are very kind to allow him to finish his response.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you so much. No problem. I would like 
to now recognize my colleague from Wisconsin, Mr. Grothman.
    Mr. Grothman. Thank you. Mr. Moret, or Dr. Moret, you know, 
there are so many programs out there. We have a great technical 
college system in Wisconsin. I encourage young people to go 
there all the time, and I think everybody in Wisconsin is aware 
we have a great technical college system, so I do not know 
really why we need Federal involvement.
    I will say this. I know there are complaints in the past 
that whenever the Federal Government gets involved in anything 
more paperwork, that sort of thing. How could, on a Federal 
level, could we restructure WIOA to allow for less 
administrative burden, and more flexibility at the local level?
    Mr. Moret. Representative Grothman, I appreciate that 
question, and I would say not every State has a great technical 
college system, so it is great that Wisconsin does have one. 
Candidly, I think my colleagues, in particular Mr. Moore and 
Ms. Dodge, might be able to give you a more thoughtful question 
on how to reduce the Federal sort of administrative burden on 
those local and regional workforce boards.
    I do think, if we can empower those boards with better data 
about employment outcomes, it would help them to make better 
informed decisions, so we think that is a big opportunity, but 
it does not get directly at your question.
    Mr. Grothman. Okay. I mean my tech schools they all have 
for every major you can get a percentage of people who are 
working, how much they are making, all this stuff. You feel 
that there are some states that do not have that that should. 
Actually, every institution after high school, including 4-year 
colleges ought to have that information, but they do not, they 
do not.
    Would anybody else like to take a swing at that, or go 
ahead, go ahead.
    Mr. Moret. I was just going to say there are very few 
higher education institutions today that could accurately 
report to you the occupational outcomes of their graduates. 
Even if the workforce boards--most of them do not have 
comprehensive data on the kinds of occupations people are 
getting.
    When you look at the sort of training aligned job outcomes, 
it is based on very incomplete information today.
    Mr. Grothman. Is that kind of inexcusable if they really 
cared about their students?
    Mr. Moret. Well, I think what we are suggesting is there is 
a systemic solution that would actually make it easier to 
collect all that data. If you look at employers today in the 
United States already report, you know, every quarter, as part 
of the UI wage records reporting, who they employ, how much 
they make, and so forth.
    What they do not report today, for example, is the 
occupation, or the title of those folks. Without that 
information there is no comprehensive way to understand what 
those employment outcomes look like, so that institutions, 
policymakers, training providers and others can be responsive 
to that real labor market demand.
    Mr. Grothman. Okay. Ms. Dodge, what do you feel, or what 
role can a technical college play in expanding competency-based 
education to better align with employer needs and industry 
standards?
    Ms. Dodge. That is a wonderful question, and I would just 
echo your comment about having an exceptional community college 
system in Wisconsin. We regularly benchmark your system, your 
community colleges in your State. Credit for prior learning is 
critically important if we want to effectively serve adults.
    I cannot think of any one of us who would want to sit in a 
classroom learning something we already know, especially if we 
have already mastered a skill or competency. Essentially 
without a systematic way of assigning credit for private 
learning, we are doing just that to adults. It really--when 
that happens, it decreases their motivation to complete their 
education.
    It also wastes their time and money, and in some cases, 
employers' money who are choosing to send them back to 
postsecondary training. By really understanding, and taking in 
that credit for prior learning assessment during intake into 
the WIOA system, we are getting that information that can be 
shared throughout the training provider system
    Mr. Grothman. Okay. I think today just about anybody can 
get a 4-year degree, but if I just--I do not want to get you in 
trouble here. Percentagewise, how many people go into a 4-year 
college today would probably be better off going to tech 
school, or letting their own employer train them, something 
other?
    Or I will put it this way, what percent do you think are 
making a mistake matriculating a 4-year university?
    Ms. Dodge. I hope my President is not watching right now. 
No. I actually think it really depends on the student's career 
goals.
    Mr. Grothman. No. Just want percent? I mean, you know, we 
know it is a mistake. When I look at my tech schools, there are 
people going there who have a 4-year degree and got nothing for 
it, right? If I go to the trade school, same thing.
    You talk to people who work for a business, and they will 
just tell you honestly, you know, I am doing a good job here, 
but my degree was of no benefit to me in this job, for example. 
Okay. I guess we are not going to get an answer. You lucked 
out. We cannot give an answer? It is only a--we are only 
looking for a number?
    Chairman Owens. A quick one.
    Mr. Grothman. Can you just give me a number?
    Mr. Moore. Yes, sir. In Alabama only 24 out of 100 ninth 
graders have a bachelor's degree by the time they have gone 
through a 6-year cohort. What we are trying to do is make all 
learning count, blurring the lines between work and learning. 
That way you can get a short-term credential, and if you want 
to over your lifetime, bank that up toward a two-or 4-year 
degree.
    I do not think these things have to be mutually exclusive. 
Somebody may earn a credential at one point in their life and 
then be able to use that in another way later on. You have got 
to have the technology to make that happen.
    Chairman Owens. Okay. I was going to say you can submit 
that, if we need to still, he could answer okay. Thank you so 
much, appreciate it. Okay. I would like to recognize my 
colleague from Connecticut, Mr. Courtney.
    Mr. Courtney. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Before I ask my 
question, I just again want to go back to your opening remarks 
which talked about the fact that actually The Stronger 
Workforce for America was a deal that we had agreed to 
bicameral, bipartisan, last December. It was in Speaker 
Johnson's legislation for the continuing resolution.
    Within 6 hours it was blown up because the Trump transition 
team, led by Elon Musk, demanded that the bill be stripped and 
cut for provisions because he complained he did not understand 
what was in the legislation.
    Another measure actually, which was from our committee, was 
the Pharmacy Benefit Manager Reform Bill, which actually would 
help employers, in terms of saving and having more transparency 
as far as pharmacy drug pricing is concerned.
    Again, that hit the cutting room floor, a great loss, 
actually for particularly small businesses who are, you know, 
carrying the brunt of these, you know, back room deals with 
pharmacy benefit managers.
    Another bipartisan, bicameral measure, which the transition 
team, you know, basically stripped from the bill. I represent a 
district similar to my colleague sitting next to me in Eastern 
Connecticut, which has had a hiring boom, an electric boat 
shipyard, 5,300 hires in 2023, 4,000 last year.
    The target for this coming year is 3,000. The retention 
rate has actually been 86 percent, which sort of defied, you 
know, all the conventional wisdom that people do not want to 
work in manufacturing. Again, the WIOA Act was an instrumental 
part of that great success.
    The Eastern Connecticut Workforce Investment Board 
Manufacturing Pipeline Initiative, which has an accelerated 
course of 10 weeks for welders, 8 weeks for outside machinists 
and electricians. Again, that gets people a badge to go into 
the yard. Today they are part of the process of building the 
Virginia class and Columbia class submarines.
    One aspect that also WIOA enabled was the Youth 
Manufacturing Pipeline Initiative, which reached out to not the 
career and technical schools because frankly they were, you 
know, already hitting all cylinders in terms of supplying metal 
trades workers, but they were actually going into comprehensive 
high schools.
    There were at least a dozen in Southeastern Connecticut 
using WIOA funding that again has created new curriculums for 
kids who were again, not able to get into career and technical 
schools which have waiting lists at this point.
    Mr. Sainz, maybe you could talk about again, you know how 
those, you know, WIOA can really supplement, particularly the 
comprehensive high schools, in terms of giving kids an 
opportunity to learn a trade.
    Mr. Sainz. Yes. WIOA serves both in school, as well as out 
of school young people as you know. On the in-school 
provisions, it really does make a difference when you are 
actually having the strong partnerships with the schools with 
these industries.
    Many of our kids only know what they know. They know what 
their parents have done, their neighbors, and maybe, you know, 
family and friends. Oftentimes they are not exposed to great 
opportunities that might not be in their immediate family, or 
immediate neighborhood.
    One of the aspects that allows with WIOA is to do this 
career exploration, is being able to introduce them to things 
and new opportunities. If you are coming from a blue-collar 
family that does not know about the technology and the new 
opportunities that are happening, WIOA allows you to expose 
them.
    The work experience part is also very, very critical 
because it gives a funding to actually have the young people 
experience the opportunity to walk into an industry they might 
not otherwise walk into. Oftentimes, when we think about youth 
jobs, we think about the fast food and retail, but we do not 
think about these other opportunities to spark that innovation, 
to spark that curiosity for them to go into these fields.
    Mr. Courtney. Thank you. I mean one high school, which is 
up in the Northeast corner of Connecticut, Tourtellotte High 
School, again, a comprehensive high school. Basically, about 60 
percent of the student body goes to higher education, so that 
is a fairly sizable group that does not go into higher 
education.
    Again, using YMPI, they basically expanded welding labs for 
the students to again, get a skill. School attendance went up 
when it was added to the curriculum, and again, these kids when 
they are getting their diploma are also getting a certificate, 
which makes them job ready to walk into again, really good 
paying jobs in the shipyards.
    Susan Smith, who was the Superintendent, got to give her a 
shoutout because she really sort of put all the pieces together 
to really basically transform kids' lives, and actually get 
school attendance, you know, up to where it really, you know, 
we all want it to be. I yield back, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you. Thank you again. I would like to 
now recognize the Full Committee Chairman, Mr. Walberg of 
Michigan.
    Mr. Walberg. Mr. Chair, thank you, and thank you to the 
panel too, and thank you for holding this hearing. I am excited 
about the subject and the opportunity that could come. Dr. 
Moret, one thing we hear consistently about employers in their 
response to WIOA is that they sometimes do not see the value in 
participating in it.
    You suggested that a fundamental barrier to greater 
employment engagement in WIOA is a lack of actionable data. Why 
do you think more employers would participate in WIOA if there 
was greater transparency about the results?
    Mr. Moret. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. It is a great question. 
When I think about the past work that I have done at the State 
level and working with regional and local groups in Louisiana 
and Virginia, one of the challenges is that even when employer 
engagement is done very well, you are really only engaging a 
small percentage of the total employment base.
    In Virginia, for example, there are more than 200,000 
employer establishments in the State, so you are never going to 
touch all of them. The best model is one that combines both 
targeted engagement with real employers to sort of have a 
better understanding of their qualitative needs, but also one 
that gives you a comprehensive picture quantitatively of what 
is going on in the labor market, and what those needs are.
    From my perspective, employer engagement in the workforce 
system is not just about whether employers are actively 
engaging with the workforce system, but in particular, whether 
they are seeing the participants that get training funded 
through WIOA, as attractive people to hire, right, because that 
is the ultimate outcome that we really want is for people to 
get good jobs, and have good economic mobility.
    We think the kinds of enhanced wage record opportunities 
that we identified in my written testimony that I covered 
earlier briefly in my opening remarks would go a long way to 
helping strengthening those connections with employers.
    Mr. Walberg. Thank you.
    Mr. Moret. Thank you.
    Mr. Walberg. Ms. Dodge, you mentioned in your written 
testimony that the statewide advisory boards, and industry 
leaders in your State recently created short-term workforce 
aligned certificate training. Can you give me some examples of 
this, and as a followup to that, how can short-term 
certificates help a worker with their long-term career goals?
    Ms. Dodge. Thank you for that important question, Chairman 
Walberg. Ivy Tech honed our employer-led playbook in 2021 when 
we launched a statewide industry 4.0 employer advisory board, 
one of the first in the Nation.
    Out of that work and guided by the voice of Indiana 
employers like Endress Hauser, Caterpillar, Lippert, Amatrol, 
Berry Global and others, as well as national associations like 
the American Technical Education Association. Ivy Tech was the 
first community college in the Nation to launch a smart 
manufacturing digital integration degree.
    That degree includes certifications that are aligned to the 
skills and competencies that employers who are highly automated 
are seeking. This degree was critical in Indiana's bid to 
recruit highly automated employers like SK Hynix and Starplus 
Energy to our State.
    Because we have that playbook, we have reused it in other 
high demand critical areas like biopharmaceutical 
manufacturing, where those conversations are being led by our 
states, life sciences, talent association by crossroads, as 
well as certificates in semiconductor fabrication and 
certificates in data center technician, and data center 
engineering operations led by the data centers that are 
locating in Indiana.
    This is really critical work because we know that a 
certificate is often aligned to an entry level role at one of 
these industries. The goal that we have at Ivy Tech is to help 
a student make that transition into these industries, into a 
good technician role, and then as their career goals evolve 
over time, allow them--work with that employer to send them 
back to Ivy Tech Community College, leveraging their employer 
tuition benefit hopefully, to upskill that technician into a 
more senior level role. Thank you.
    Mr. Walberg. Very much like Mr. Moore, what you talked 
about that expanding opportunity, the base of experience as 
well that you buildupon. Let me ask you this. A Stronger 
Workforce for America Act expands the number of states allowed 
to better align its local areas with the state's economic 
development goals.
    How can such realignment improve the workforce system, Mr. 
Moore.
    Mr. Moore. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Commuting patterns, not 
respect political boundaries, and since 1998 when WIOA was 
enacted, states have been unable to switch up the alignment of 
their local workforce development areas, including not being 
able to go to a single State workforce area. There are about a 
dozen states that were able to do that.
    In 1998, including Mr. Burgess's home State, which has done 
a great job of making that alignment happen with not only human 
service, but workforce and education. What this would do, The 
Stronger Workforce for America Act would allow a State and a 
legislature to enact a single State area, and then to be held 
accountable if their performance falls within 5 years, they 
will have to go back and receive.
    Mr. Walberg. We will push for that. My time is expired. I 
yield back.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you. I would like to now recognize my 
colleague from Georgia, Ms. McBath.
    Mrs. McBath. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Thank you to each and 
every one of you, our witnesses this morning. Thank you to 
Ranking Member Adams but thank you so much for taking the time 
to be with us today. While I am excited at the prospect of 
reauthorizing WIOA, and updating our workforce system, we have 
frankly been here before.
    This bill should have been signed into law last December, 
and there is nothing efficient about needlessly delaying 
bipartisan legislation that Chairwoman Foxx and Ranking Member 
Scott, and Committees from both chambers has spent years 
negotiating, long before I even came to Congress, only to force 
us to try again next Congress.
    Americans, they are so frustrated, and rightfully so. They 
are frustrated by a government that does not put their needs 
first, and that has become more expensive, more difficult, and 
more time consuming to simply get the skills necessary to get a 
good paying job, and provide a decent life for themselves, and 
for their families.
    For too long this country has limited the opportunities 
available to everyday Americans by failing to embrace the full 
scope of proven education and training programs. A 4-year 
degree remains the surest path to economic success, but it is 
not the only way for Americans to get there.
    We have got to do more to put effort and time and energy 
into uplifting community colleges, on the job training 
programs, and registered apprenticeship programs. The reality 
is that not everyone can afford to put their entire life on 
hold, take out a loan and go back to school for 4 years to land 
a decent job, or make a change in their career.
    This simply is not a luxury that many of our families can 
afford to take for their children or for themselves. Workers 
and employers in this country, they need a workforce system 
that is easy for them to navigate, works for them, and meets 
them exactly where they are.
    This is exactly what this bill would do. I am so very proud 
to have my bill to authorize The Strengthening Community 
Colleges Training Grant included as Section 179 of this 
reauthorization for 200 community colleges, and over 35 states 
rely on this funding to build capacity for new students and set 
up sector partnerships with employers in their own area.
    The bill also includes large portions of the Adult 
Education Works Act, another bill that I have led with 
Representatives Mrvan and Senators Jack Reed and Todd Young on 
the Senate side. As our world grows and it changes as rapidly 
as it is, it is never too late for people to learn. We must do 
more to support Americans who are making an active effort to 
better themselves in adulthood.
    A report from the National Skills Coalition found that one-
third of workers do not have the foundational digital skills 
necessary for today's job market. Mr. Sainz, can you use what 
time there is left to discuss the importance of digital 
literacy skills, and the need to update the Adult Education and 
Family Literacy Act for Title II of WIOA?
    Mr. Sainz. Well, thank you for all the great work that you 
have done on these issues. As you know, digital literacy is 
critical to all employers. Our former workforce development 
chair said--he runs a very large import company, and about 15 
years ago the biggest guy in the warehouse was the foreman.
    He says now the person that we need as the lead in our 
warehouse has to speak at least two different languages, has to 
have the digital skills, has to be able to have the capacity to 
think, and not just to act. You know, that is really just 
critical, how our economy has changed.
    We need to be able to have our young people, and all of our 
workers to have the digital literacy. The connection to Adult 
Ed, the community college and the workforce is a part of the 
ecosystem. They are not separate entities. They have to work 
together.
    In Los Angeles, as a great example, there are navigators 
that go in between the workforce system, the Adult Ed and the 
community colleges to land people in the right places to get 
the skills they need, to get these very important jobs in the 
growing technology sector.
    Mrs. McBath. Well, thank you very much, and I want to be 
able to continue to really help support our workers, support 
our students in ways that my son, Jordan, never got a chance 
to. Thank you, and I yield back my time.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you so much. I would like to now 
recognize my colleague from California, Mr. Kiley.
    Mr. Kiley. Thank you, Mr. Chair. The Workforce Innovation 
and Opportunity Act is good legislation. It is a good program 
because it empowers local communities for a very important 
public purpose, which is to get people into the workforce.
    Folks who are unemployed, underemployed, not sufficiently 
educated or trained. It gives them the tools to join the 
workforce, which is good across the board. No. 1, it is good 
for these individuals who gain the ability to support 
themselves and their families.
    It is good for the employers, who are able oftentimes to 
fill critical workforce needs. It is good for the taxpayer 
because we get people off of public assistance and actually 
turn them into taxpayers. It is good for the economy as a 
whole. It is good for the character and vitality of our 
country, when more of our fellow citizens are actively engaged 
in productive work.
    The question I wanted to ask today, and we have 
representatives from various states, so just whoever would like 
to answer on this, is how we can better align these programs 
with our public assistance programs because during the COVID 
era we had this phenomenon where unemployment insurance kind of 
got out of control, and people were being paid more to not 
work, than to work, even once we moved past all of these 
business closures and restrictions.
    Employers just could not compete with the wages being 
offered by the unemployment programs. Then even other programs 
that incorporate work requirements, or other such things, there 
is clearly an alignment here with the goals of WIOA.
    I know Utah has created a model that has been lauded in 
that respect, but for representatives here of the other states, 
do you want to talk about how those objectives can be met?
    Mr. Moore. Yes, sir. We are definitely looking to emulate 
the Utah model, and it is clear that when you deliver workforce 
training services and human services concurrently, you are 
going to have a better ability for somebody to not only enter, 
but to persist in the workforce.
    You have got to do that in a way that helps limit the 
information asymmetry, and what I like to call unrestricted 
customer choice. If somebody comes in the one stop center, just 
like it is a two-generation problem that if I am a young 
person, and I do not know what I want to be because I have not 
seen all the opportunities, sometimes an adult walks in with 
those mental blockers on as well.
    It is our job, and the public workforce system using data 
to inform them what are the benefit cliffs I am going to face 
as I taper off of public assistance. Then how can the workforce 
system by braiding and blending adult education WIOA Title I 
through an integrated education training, how can I get that 
person employed today, and then have them comfortable 
understanding how they are going to eliminate their benefit 
cliffs and persist in the workforce?
    Mr. Kiley. Thank you. The second question relates to the 
rapid advancements we are seeing in the areas of artificial 
intelligence and robotics, which have been picking up steam 
lately in particular.
    To the extent that Americans are following the latest 
developments, I think people see this as exciting, as 
potentially transformational as holding the promise of 
improving the quality of life in dramatic ways for people 
across our country, and across the world.
    People also have questions about what does this mean for my 
career? What economic dislocations are likely to result? I 
think that the existing infrastructure we have around the 
Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, it is clearly not 
adequate to that challenge to the scale of that challenge, but 
perhaps there are some lessons that we can learn, or pieces 
that can be, you know, scaled up to try to start to deal with 
it.
    Do we have any thoughts in that respect?
    Ms. Dodge. Thank you for that question. I think the future 
of work is all about adaptability, as you described. Our 
economies are changing fast, and employers must help us as the 
education and training providers, understand what skills and 
competencies they are looking for in automation, AI, to ensure 
that we can backward design programs from those needs.
    We must invest in programs that teach digital literacy, AI 
basics, data analytics and coding, to ensure that workers 
understand and can work alongside automation. Finally, we must 
partner with employers to design on the job training specific 
to these skills and competencies, so employees can learn these 
AI tools and automation software relevant to their industry.
    Mr. Kiley. Thank you very much. I yield back.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you. I would like to now recognize my 
colleague from Oregon, Ms. Bonamici.
    Ms. Bonamici. Thank you very much Mr. Chairman and thank 
you to the witnesses for your expertise today. I supported A 
Stronger Workforce for America Act last year and was 
disappointed it was removed from the end of the year package at 
the 11th hour, and I know we have been hearing about that from 
my colleagues.
    I sincerely hope we can bring this bipartisan, bicameral 
bill back to the floor. I was here, in fact the first bill 
signing I went to as a Member of Congress was WIOA in 2014. I 
remember sitting in this very room looking at a big chart that 
looked like spiderwebs about, you know, how we needed to make 
changes to streamline the program.
    It is more than overdue for an update, with more than a 
decade that passed. I want to mention that in The Stronger 
Workforce for America Act, both my Partners, bipartisan 
Partners Act and Builds Act, Partners for Industry, 
Partnerships with Small and Medium Sized Businesses, so they 
can help with workforce development programs.
    The Builds Act, which is workforce development and 
infrastructure, bipartisan, as well as my Access Act, which I 
have with Mr. Thompson, thank you for your co-sponsorship of 
that, to expand college and career counseling for more 
information about workforce opportunities.
    I truly hope we can get that done. I see our role here on 
the Education Committee as having a path for everyone to a good 
future, and with the recognition that not everyone is on the 
same path. I just want to mention that a couple weeks ago I got 
to visit Benson Polytechnic High School in Portland, Oregon. 
Amazing.
    In addition to their core classes, they have programs in 
various industries, automotive, building construction, health 
occupations, digital media, electrician skills, and more. They 
repair cars, they run their own radio show, they design and 
build tiny homes. Integrated with the core classes, you can see 
how engaged students are, and how they are gaining not only 
technical skills, but all the skills of collaboration and 
responsibility.
    In fact, my State of Oregon passed by ballot initiative, a 
career and technical education ballot measure that has actually 
had some pretty incredible results. We have increased 
graduation rates by more than 10 percent for vulnerable, low-
income and Hispanic and Latino students.
    Importantly, reduced absenteeism. We know these programs 
work, so moving on to where we are today. Mr. Sainz, you know, 
the bipartisan Stronger Workforce for America Act authorizing 
increased funding level for the WIOA Youth Program, which 
provides those vital educational support and career development 
skills and opportunities.
    How does the Federal Government's investment in the WIOA 
Youth Program, as well as other major programs, how do they 
help the economy, and how would draconian across the board cuts 
at the Departments of Labor and Education affect youth in 
Oregon and across the country?
    Mr. Sainz. It is really critical that the Federal 
Government, as well as the State and local government invest in 
our young people. As you mentioned, not all young people are 
going off to college. Not all young people have those 
resources. It is really critical that there is a mechanism, and 
the workforce boards, and the workforce systems at the local 
level, and at the State levels, are that backdrop.
    They are the ones that actually are saving lives. I always 
say this work is not about just putting people to work, it is 
about changing lives, and in many cases, it is saving lives. 
Being able to provide those resources to be able to connect the 
young people back to school, back to work is critical.
    Ms. Bonamici. Also important for the economy. We hear a lot 
about the skills gap, and I will address that too. Mr. Sainz 
again, so could you talk a little bit about opportunity youth, 
and what it means to be an opportunity youth, and how your 
member organizations serve the opportunity youth? How can the 
workforce system do a better job at reconnecting opportunity 
youth with quality work and educational opportunities, and will 
this bill, which I hope I know it has such bipartisan support, 
we will get it through.
    Mr. Sainz. Thank you. As I mentioned, it is 4.3 million 
young adults who are not at school and not at work, ages 16 to 
24, throughout this country. They are in all states, rural as 
well as in non-rural, and urban environments. They are just not 
in the rural states, or in urban states, but they are 
concentrated in certain communities.
    Because of that concentration, their access to 
opportunities is what becomes limited. When you look at these 
young people, it is not that they do not have the potential, or 
the capacity to succeed, they just do not have the access to 
the opportunity to succeed, and that is where we make a 
difference.
    Statistically, as I have mentioned previously, it is that 
they do have different characteristics, and many more of them 
have a physical or mental health disability, about 25 percent. 
About 30 percent of them are already parents, so the need to 
have and provide additional resources is really critical.
    Ms. Bonamici. It gives them hope as well. I just want to--I 
know I am out of time, just mention also the importance of 
apprenticeships. I have had roundtable conversations with 
people who said it changed their life, but not just their life, 
but the life of their family to have that path. Thank you, Mr. 
Chairman.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you. Now, I would like to recognize 
my colleague from Pennsylvania, Mr. Thompson.
    Mr. Thompson. Well, thank you, Chairman. Thanks to all of 
our witnesses who are joining us today. I think we can all 
agree WIOA needs to be modernized to better meet the needs of 
today's workforce.
    I was proud of the last reauthorization that we did, but we 
do those periodically because it is important to keep them 
fresh and focused on, you know, the current State of where we 
are at, especially when it comes to you know, the need for 
opportunity, and the need for qualified and trained employees.
    As the co-chair of the bipartisan Career and Technical 
Education Caucus, one of my priorities for this reauthorization 
is better coordination between Perkins and WIOA. During the 
last Perkins reauthorization, the primary Federal investment, 
the CTE, this Committee focused heavily on ensuring that this 
law and WIOA were thoughtfully aligned.
    As a result, WIOA and Perkins have much in common, 
including shared goals, such as preparing students and workers 
for growing in demand and high skilled occupations, emphasizing 
the importance of work based learning, and meaningful employer 
engagement, and making use of aligned definition and 
terminology to more closely connect State CTE and workforce 
development systems.
    One of the major features of what eventually became Perkins 
V, were new planning elements for State CTE Perkins plans. 
These included new requirements that brought components of 
states WIOA plans were being incorporated within the Perkins 
Plan to better ensure alignment.
    With Perkins being reauthorized 4 years after the passage 
of WIOA, ending WIOA reauthorization must include intentional 
alignments with Perkins V to buildupon the success of that 
legislation.
    One way to achieve this would be to ensure State WIOA plans 
include states wider strategic vision for CTE, as outlined in 
Perkins. This question really is for all of our witnesses. Can 
you each share your perspective on why this would be a helpful 
policy change in future WIOA legislation?
    Mr. Moore. Well, in Alabama we were proud to add Perkins 
CTE to our combined plan in 2020. We did so again in 2024 and 
aligned the stakeholder engagement process. I think if we could 
align the planned year link to be 4 years for both WIOA and 
Perkins, that would help.
    Then also to make a triad, or a through line of three 
indicators of performance, particularly for Perkins, it would 
align Perkins and WIOA, and that would be work-based learning, 
secondary, postsecondary credentials of value, and dual and 
concurrent enrollment, so that we are creating seamless career 
pathways for particularly young people and adults who are in 
adult education and CTE to have seamless career pathways.
    Also, I would say that we are using the national career 
cluster framework as the basis for our sectoral partnerships to 
ensure that we have got a strong industry led sectoral 
partnership that is codified in State law that then guides the 
development of our regional and statewide in demand jobs.
    Mr. Thompson. Ms. Dodge.
    Ms. Dodge. What I would add, in Indiana employers are very 
interested in the development of their workforce pipeline 
starting with students in middle school, or even earlier, with 
career awareness activities, plant tours, from being guest 
speakers in classrooms, and that dovetails nicely into CTE 
pathways that then they can enroll in, in high school.
    Those are all backward designed from industry using our 
community college credentials, so that students in Indiana, 
high school students in Indiana cannot only graduate with their 
high school diploma, but also a college credential aligned to 
the workforce.
    Mr. Thompson. Very good.
    Mr. Moret. Thank you, Representative Thompson. I would just 
add I think the focus on work-based learning is a really 
powerful focus, and I really applaud you for that. The aligned 
terminology I think also is very positive. I think also one of 
the challenges that we face today is that for WIOA 
participants, for the vast majority of them in the U.S., we 
actually do not know what their occupational outcomes are 
today.
    Being able to enhance wage records to make that information 
available will help workforce boards, training providers, 
individuals and others to be more responsive to what is 
actually changing in the labor market, which would be critical 
obviously for CTE as well. Thank you.
    Mr. Thompson. Yes, Mr. Sainz.
    Mr. Sainz. I would just mention in California the Governor 
is currently going through a master plan for career and 
education training, with the intent of having the alignment 
between the Titles I, II, V, as we go down that list, as well 
as with Perkins.
    Mr. Thompson. Well, I will just say because I am out of 
time, but I certainly would welcome any recommendations for 
specific policy changes that we can incorporate into WIOA 
reauthorization, the better end rate CTE and workforce 
development systems, more generally to improve cross sector 
collaboration. I am looking forward to your feedback in the 
future. Thank you, Chairman.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you. I would like to recognize my 
colleague from California, Mr. DeSaulnier.
    Mr. DeSaulnier. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thanks to all the 
witnesses. Mr. Sainz, nice to see you. I want to first talk a 
little bit well, about vulnerable populations that historically 
have been challenging to get in the workforce, but we have been 
successful at with bipartisan efforts.
    Specifically, my predecessor in this seat, Mr. Miller up 
here, he used to Chair this Committee when I was a County 
Supervisor, and I am a former Juvenile Probation Officer, so 
this is a passion to me. We did a number of programs with the 
Presiding Judge of our judicial bench, who was Reagan's 
administrator here in D.C. for juvenile justice.
    We know these programs work. I was an advocate for a new 
juvenile hall. The Presiding Judge, a Reagan appointee, kept 
telling me it is not big enough. We built it. A few years ago, 
I went back and did a tour, and it is only 30 percent full. 
When I asked the probation chiefs, I said why is it so empty?
    He said because all those programs worked. We got them into 
academies, academies we started when I was in the legislature 
with the Governor Schwarzenegger. These kids in the 2,000-
student high school, a couple of them, know that 25 to 50 kids 
are getting apprenticeship standards because of deals we worked 
out with the unions, and the nonaffiliated can participate in 
this as well.
    With companies like Chevron, because there is a large 
refinery there. All that is to say the cost effectiveness, and 
the bipartisan efforts on these challenges for years, could you 
speak to that? You have a lot of experience in this. This is 
not about ideology. This is about performance.
    When we come together and work on these things 
analytically, in this instance, at risk kids, those kids go out 
and get over $100,000 a year being a welder and an electrician, 
whatever in industrial places in the San Francisco Bay Area.
    They are not in that juvenile hall, and they are not in the 
criminal justice system, and they are not--they are making 
$100,000 a year more, and contributing to society, raising a 
family. That strikes me as very American and non-ideological.
    Mr. Sainz. Thank you, Congressman. It is great to see you, 
and for your long-time leadership on this issue. In California, 
23 years ago, 24 years ago, there was a bill passed by your 
former colleagues, Mr. Cardenas and Mr. Schiff.
    The Crime Prevention Act, doing a Juvenile Justice Crime 
Prevention Act of California, provided over 100 million dollars 
specifically for juvenile justice involved kids. When I started 
in the probation department myself, we had--juvenile hall had 
over 3,000 individuals, and now there are less than 400 that 
are concentrated in LA County.
    That huge reduction was a direct result of direct 
investments, not just by Workforce Investment Act dollars, but 
by education dollars, by support services, but it was also by 
local leadership that said that we cannot just lock people up. 
The cost to lock an individual and a juvenile up is well over 
$150,000 per year.
    That is more than the investment that we make on a per 
student education, and in workforce.
    Mr. DeSaulnier. That is why the U.S. Supreme Court directed 
us when I was Chair of the Budget Subcommittee on Corrections, 
to take 25 percent of our adult population out of the prisons 
because the living circumstances were so ridiculous. Can we 
talk about another vulnerable population, the disabled 
population, another place where we have had enormous bipartisan 
success.
    Since President Eisenhower started this, President Reagan 
signed authorization, Gerald Ford signed and was very 
supportive of the IDEA Program. Again, there is a population 
where we gave them a public education and have been able to put 
them in jobs that are appropriate for them that everybody 
benefits from. Could you speak to that, the importance of a 
workforce development all along the line?
    Mr. Sainz. Correct. One of the populations that are hugely 
vulnerable to the economic shifts is the disabled community. 
For the opportunity youth population, it is upwards between 25 
to 40 percent of that population have a disability, both a 
physical disability, and/or a mental health disability that is 
the hidden disability, so it is an education disability, and it 
might be as I mentioned, a mental health disability.
    Being able to have the programs that are addressing their 
particular needs really calls for that integration of 
resources. One of the partners in the workforce system is the 
Department of Rehabilitation, and by connecting the Department 
of Rehabilitation with the WIOA dollars, it really does make a 
significant difference.
    There is an organization in Northern California called 
Pride Industries, so it is actually throughout the Southwest.
    Mr. DeSaulnier. I know it well.
    Mr. Sainz. Yes, so Pride Industries is a fantastic 
organization that works specifically with this population to be 
able to provide them with a career and living wage.
    Mr. DeSaulnier. Thank you.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you. Now I would like to recognize 
the former Chair of the Full Committee, Dr. Foxx.
    Mrs. Foxx. Thank you, Mr. Burgess. Ms. Dodge, in your 
testimony you highlighted the provision of the bipartisan, A 
Stronger Workforce for America Act that strengthens workforce 
education programs at community colleges that align with in 
demand jobs. What makes community colleges the most appropriate 
place for industry partnerships and educating workers for in 
demand jobs?
    Ms. Dodge. Thank you for that important question and thank 
you for your leadership on this Committee. Community colleges, 
our mission is really to--it is in our name, to serve our 
communities. At Ivy Tech, over 90 percent of our graduates stay 
in their local communities and stay in the State of Indiana.
    We are a critical economic development driver for the State 
of Indiana, as the state's community college. We also engage 
industry in meaningful and deep ways, ensuring that we 
understand the skills gaps that they are facing in hard to fill 
entry level roles, and design both non-credit, and academic 
programs that meet those goals.
    Mrs. Foxx. As a followup, in your testimony you say that 
``Indiana will need to upskill, or reskill, 82,000 learners 
annually over the next 10 years,'' to fill jobs in growing 
sectors. How would the division of funds--diversion of funds to 
places like individual training accounts, and greater 
flexibility of funds assist workforce development organizations 
like community colleges?
    Ms. Dodge. That is a wonderful question. I am excited about 
provisions in the bill that provide flexibility in terms of how 
training funds can be used. In Indiana, we know that there is 
this tsunami of need related to upskilling and reskilling. We 
also know that employers are in the best position to describe 
the skills gap and enable us to create relevant and on demand 
training programs to be funded with WIOA for that purpose.
    Mrs. Foxx. Thank you. Mr. Moore, under the current law 
there are 75,000 eligible worker education programs, but 
performance data is not available for most of these programs. A 
Stronger Workforce For America Act improves performance 
indicators for worker education programs like worker retention.
    Mr. Moore, how would these changes create a more focused 
system of accountability for WIOA dollars, and how will 
improvements in data collection and transparency impact 
workforce development initiatives in the state?
    Mr. Moore. Thank you, Dr. Foxx. Your leadership has been 
crucial on WIOA, so thank you. It is important that we 
recognize that employers are in need of thousands of open jobs 
that go unfilled in Alabama and nationally. WIOA truly does 
need to be about employment first, but then also following up, 
providing the training and education somebody needs to progress 
through a career pathway.
    By aligning the performance indicators with the needs of 
our economy, and the jobs that are actually in demand, that 
could give us insights about how we braid and blend other 
funding mechanisms like Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 
and Perkins CTE, so that we can create the full complement of 
appropriate funding mechanisms.
    Making WIOA employment first really drives the focus of 
employers and training providers on labor market alignment.
    Mrs. Foxx. Thank you. Dr. Moret, how might performance 
accountability that is improvements to data collection and 
quality, improve employer driven worker education models, and 
when workforce development programs are employer driven, what 
benefit do workers experience?
    Mr. Moret. Thank you, Dr. Foxx. First, I would say the more 
that the workforce programs can be responsive to real labor 
markets demand and employers, particularly for high demand, 
higher wage jobs. Really both individual participants and 
employers will win. You will have more of those critical jobs 
being filled, and more people getting jobs with excellent 
wages.
    One of the challenges right now in enabling that to happen 
is that everyone involved does not have really the information 
that they need to be able to make well informed decisions. That 
includes training providers, it includes individual 
participants, employers, policymakers and workforce boards.
    That is really because we do not currently track 
occupational outcomes of participants, and without that kind of 
information, particularly without understanding both the 
outcomes from an occupational perspective, but also the primary 
work location, it is very difficult to be able to understand 
what those supply demand gaps are, and how to be responsive to 
them.
    Mrs. Foxx. Thank you all very much. Mr. Chairman, I yield 
back.
    Chairman Owens. Okay. Thank you. I would now like to 
recognize my colleague from Guam, Moylan.
    Mr. Moylan. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member. I 
would like to thank the Committee for hosting this important 
hearing today about Strengthening our Nation's Workforce. In my 
district, the military buildup is bringing new industries and 
careers for the people of Guam.
    It is critical that our workforce has the tools needed to 
fill these positions. Robust jobs, training models, and 
education assistance, are not only important for Guam's 
economy, infrastructure and healthcare assistance, but the 
United States national security as well. We must work together 
to modernize the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, 
WIOA, to reflect the needs of today's job markets.
    We will prepare the American workforce to become more 
competitive, putting Americans on the path to success. It will 
also deepen the connection employers have with the workforce 
system, and achieve better outcomes for our workers, 
businesses, and American taxpayer.
    A strong workforce is the backbone of a strong nation. Mr. 
Moret, in your testimony you discussed the need for modernizing 
data systems and including more data points to close gaps in 
our program assessments.
    In May of last year, the GAO released a report that found 
statistical products often contained data gaps for the U.S. 
territories. Can you please elaborate on the difficulties for 
accurate data collection in certain areas like the territories, 
which often suffered greater gaps than more populous areas?
    Mr. Moret. Thank you, Representative Moylan. I appreciate 
the question. At Strada, it may help to understand that our 
primary focus has been on the 50 states and D.C., so we have 
not done really in depth analysis of the territories. I would 
say that my understanding is that Guam does not participate in 
the U.S. unemployment assurance system that the states do, and 
therefore, some of the recommendations that I made earlier are 
not immediately applicable to Guam.
    What I would offer is two thoughts. One is my understanding 
is Guam actually can participate in the WDQI grants that I 
talked about earlier, which could help to strengthen the data 
infrastructure there to help inform the kind of decisions that 
need to be made by everyone involved.
    Second, Representative Moylan, we would be happy to 
followup with your office, and offer to reach out to build a 
relationship with the leaders in your State and your territory, 
excuse me.
    Mr. Moylan. Thank you, that is excellent, and we will do 
that. Also, another question for you. Your testimony also 
mentions the need to expand employer driven models to meet real 
workforce needs. Can you please speak further to how the models 
you helped develop in Louisiana and Virginia, directly improve 
economic mobility?
    What are you seeing in terms of long-term sustainability 
for these models?
    Mr. Moret. Thank you very much, Representative Moylan. 
Probably the two main programs I think you have in mind are the 
LED Fast Start Program and the Virginia Talent Accelerator 
Program. What those programs do is particularly relevant for 
rural regions, and smaller metro areas where workforce 
availability concerns are most acute.
    One of the big shifts that has happened in America over the 
last 20 years is that talent considerations have really become 
the dominant drivers of corporate site selection decisions. 
Those programs are really created and have been highly 
effective at helping provide a comprehensive, customized, fast, 
high-quality solutions, both to recruit employees, and to fully 
train those employees in a job specific way.
    Collectively, they have helped create tens of thousands of 
good jobs, collectively between those two states. Those are 
sustainable programs, the way they are structured now. They are 
largely modeled after a program in Georgia called Quick Start 
that has been around for quite some time, decades.
    I think in terms of mobility, the other real opportunity to 
that states have is to better understand what their high 
demand, high wage jobs are that are going unfilled, and how 
they can better meet those talent needs.
    The data improvements that I have talked about earlier, 
including enhanced wage records supported by the WDQI grants 
would help that greatly, as would state's investing in some 
form of a dedicated team at the State level to really produce 
insights based on that data that can be utilized by everyone in 
the system.
    Mr. Moylan. Thank you very much. Mr. Moore, just a real 
quick question for you. I see that the State can set money 
aside to create a critical industry skilled fund. The money for 
A Stronger Workforce for America Act must be matched with other 
funds. Can you explain the purpose of the critical industrial 
skills fund, and how that can improve the workforce system?
    Mr. Moore. Thank you, sir. This will allow Alabama and 
other states to make sure that we are not doing random acts of 
workforce development, and that there is skin in the game for 
employers and State, and the Federal Government. What I mean by 
that is many times we design a program; we put it out into the 
wild and we hope that individuals and employers find value in 
that.
    With a critical industry and sectoral partnership fund we 
can lead with the demand, identify the number of jobs that are 
needed, the labor markets in that area, and then create a 
customized and bespoke program that is funded with this braided 
set of funding.
    Mr. Moylan. I appreciate that and have run out of time. 
Thank you, panel. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you. I would like to now recognize my 
colleague from Pennsylvania, Ms. Lee.
    Ms. Lee. Thank you, Mr. Chair. The Opportunity Youth 
Program and Young Adult Reentry Partnership are a lifeline to 
thousands of young people across the country. It is critical 
that we support and expand these programs as we begin the 
process of reauthorizing the Workforce Innovation and 
Opportunity Act through this Congress.
    In my district, 3 percent of all youth, ages 16 to 19 are 
identified opportunity youth, meaning they are not in school. 
They are not employed. These young people are at higher risk 
for persistent unemployment and low income into adulthood. They 
experience disproportionate mental and physical health 
challenges and are more likely to encounter the justice system.
    Thanks to WIOA's Opportunity Youth Funding, programs like 
Pittsburgh's Partner for Work help to set these young people up 
for a brighter future. Partner for Work serves around 770 WIOA 
youth participants annually by assisting them with job 
training, career services, and individualized employment 
counseling.
    As a result, nearly 70 percent of the opportunity youth 
that Partner for Work serves enter postsecondary education or 
employment after leaving the program. The Opportunity Youth 
Program is often described as a school. It is a prison pipeline 
disrupter.
    School to prison pipeline systematically funnels kids into 
the juvenile justice system through zero tolerance discipline 
policies, even for minor violations of school rules, overuse of 
suspensions and expulsions, excessive school policing and 
arresting students in school.
    Oftentimes opportunity youth become out of school and 
unemployed because they have fallen into this pipeline. The 
opportunity youth gives them an opportunity to get reconnected 
with work and school programs before they wind up in the 
criminal legal system.
    Mr. Sainz, how does the opportunity youth program disrupt 
the school to prison pipeline?
    Mr. Sainz. Thank you. Pittsburgh has one of the greatest 
programs around the country, and very strong, strong community 
leadership at the local level. How it disrupts really on three 
areas. No. 1, it provides them the support they need to stay in 
school.
    The chronic absenteeism is one of the greatest indicators 
of someone who is going to be an opportunity youth out of 
school. Second, it provides the work opportunities, and the 
subsidized support for them to actually have work opportunities 
is the best thing that a young person can have.
    Without WIOA, oftentimes they will not have that 
opportunity to do that. Third, it provides hope. I think what 
we wanted to see for our young people is to have a hope for 
their future. Many times, the young people that are in the 
juvenile justice system, or in the foster care system, or in 
the homeless care system, they lack the hope of seeing 
themselves in the future.
    That is what WIOA does to restore, is that hope for the 
young person that they can have a decent living. They can make 
or have economic mobility. They could see themselves in a 
different position from where they started.
    Ms. Lee. Thank you. I do not want to limit us here. I know 
that is just one program that we are particularly proud of in 
Pittsburgh, but are there any other programs through WIOA that 
you think we should invest in to continue to disrupt the school 
to prison pipeline?
    Mr. Sainz. The REO Program, which you know, formerly 
authorized through ASWA, 20 percent of the dollars that has 
come in to the youth, for youth specifically, and then to me 
that is really critical because it is identifying the dollars 
specifically for the young people that have gone into the 
criminal justice system.
    The youth apprenticeship, which is something new. 65 
million dollars nationally is not a lot of resources to be 
blunt, on a national basis. I think it sets the precedent for 
youth apprenticeship that young people could earn and learn. It 
means that they are not taking out student loans.
    They are not having to compete in a 4-year degree for their 
future, but they could actually be hired by the employer, they 
are working, and they are learning at the same time. I think 
establishing this program under ASWA gives a huge foundation 
for growth, and for apprenticeships as a model.
    Ms. Lee. Thank you. We know all these programs, they are 
important, and as you say, still too many young people are 
still falling through the cracks, and they do wind up in the 
criminal justice system. When they do, we must meet them with 
active and impactful reentry employment programs.
    When Pittsburgh's Partner for Work obtained a temporary 
grant to provide reentry employment services to citizens 
returning from incarceration, 67 percent of the returning 
citizens they served obtained employment within 6 months of 
leaving that program. As you mentioned in your testimony, A 
Stronger Workforce for America Act would codify these reentry 
grants, and 20 percent of the funding would be dedicated to 
serving youth transitioning out of the justice system.
    Codifying effective employment reentry programs like 
Partner for Work will allow them to continue to expand these 
vital programs. I just want to end with saying black and brown 
and low-income and disabled students are disproportionately 
pushed into this pipeline. There is no single one opportunity 
for justice impacted youth, but this is a start.
    We have to be sure to reauthorize WIOA this Congress. Thank 
you, and I yield back.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you. I would like to recognize my 
colleague from Indiana, Mr. Messmer.
    Mr. Messmer. Thank you, Chairman Owens, for allowing me to 
wave in, even though I do not sit on this Subcommittee. I am 
honored to be here today for this hearing covering WIOA. I am 
also honored to have a fellow Hosier, Molly Dodge, from Ivy 
Tech as a witness on this panel.
    Ivy Tech is Indiana's largest, postsecondary institution, 
and the largest singularly accredited state-wide community 
college system in America. They do a lot of great work in 
Indiana, and in my district, and it is great to have their 
achievements highlighted in front of this Committee.
    Ms. Dodge, one of the goals of A Stronger Workforce for 
America Act is to build better connections between the 
workforce system and employers. In your written statement you 
talked about Ivy Tech's 2-year degree program.
    You mentioned that preliminary research suggests that 
students sponsored by an employer, like this program does, are 
more likely to complete a degree certificate, or degree 
program, than other Ivy Tech students who aren't enrolled in 
the program. Why is this direct connection to an employer so 
important?
    Ms. Dodge. Thank you, Representative Messmer, and thank you 
for your support as a State Congressman, and also here in D.C. 
We are very proud of our 2-year degree program at Ivy Tech 
Community College.
    What started out with one employer, actually in your 
district, has now grown into a state-wide program encompassing 
340 employers who are actively partnering with Ivy Tech 
Community College to leverage their tuition benefit to upskill, 
or reskill their incumbent workforce into hard to fill or new 
jobs.
    This program has actually demonstrated success for a couple 
of reasons. No. 1, because the employer is actively engaged in 
choosing the program offerings that they are supporting. They 
have created internal career pathways within their 
organization, ensuring that students who complete their 
credential, or their non-credit training, have a guaranteed 
path to a promotion or a new opportunity.
    Second, because the employer is so engaged, they often 
provide wraparound support, and other supports, and go above 
and beyond to ensure a student is successful in their 
education.
    Mr. Messmer. Well, and I appreciate Dr. Ellspermann's 
leadership on that program. How does Ivy Tech measure the 
success of its workforce programs, particularly in terms of 
graduate earnings and employment?
    Ms. Dodge. This is where I will highlight President 
Ellspermann's leadership at Ivy Tech Community College. Our 
strategic plan, higher education at the speed of life has four 
metrics, three of which should come as no surprise, its 
enrollment, retention and completion.
    Under Dr. Ellspermann's leadership we have added a fourth, 
which is the percentage of our graduates earning above 
Indiana's median wage 3 years after graduation. What this 
metric does is ensures that our career link departments across 
the State who are providing career counseling, work-based 
learning, and job placement, as well as our academic partners 
at the college, are aligning our programs and services to labor 
market needs.
    It is ensuring that we are routinely checking those 
programs. We are measuring our wage data with the help of the 
Indiana Department of Workforce Development, and we are 
reporting on that, ensuring that learners know the return on 
investment of coming to Ivy Tech.
    Mr. Messmer. Well, it is a good way to make sure that the 
degrees you are offering are relevant, and that is great. Mr. 
Moore, can you highlight what State workforce development 
boards can do under current WIOA authorized programs for 
apprenticeships?
    Mr. Moore. Yes, sir. Thank you for that question. 
Registered apprenticeship is the gold standard of work-based 
learning. What we can do is to better integrate State 
apprenticeship agencies into the public workforce system. 
Alabama was the first State to create a State apprenticeship 
agency in 25 years, back in 2019.
    Subsequently, more than ten additional states have joined 
us. That allows us to provide additional staffing that is State 
funded, and capacity to make sure that we are given a 
concierge's treatment for employers and individuals to serve as 
the venues and mediating institutions to help connect those 
individuals to the opportunity with employers.
    Mr. Messmer. What are the roadblocks for guaranteeing 
success for either newly registered programs or established 
programs?
    Mr. Moore. Most of it is the paperwork and needing to have 
help with somebody to be able to help with compliance issues. 
Employer does not have time to fill out 150 pages of documents. 
Sometimes the incentives can be so small, even if they are 
State funded, and have to go through that burden.
    Taking the paperwork and compliance burden off of the back 
of the employer, letting the State handle that has helped us to 
see not only participation in the apprenticeship program by the 
employer, but more retention among the apprentices in that 
employer's program.
    Mr. Messmer. Excellent. Dr. Moret, median earnings are 
already tracked within the workforce. Why is it important to 
track and have a better understanding of hourly wage earnings?
    Mr. Moret. Thank you, Representative Messmer. That is a 
great question. While median earnings do provide a good sense 
of what a typical completer might earn in the labor market, it 
is also not uncommon that the outcomes actually vary quite 
dramatically, in fact, very much by the type of occupation that 
someone gets.
    For example, you could have a WIOA funded training program 
with a median wage that was attractive, but really where half 
the participants had really excellent skilled jobs connected to 
their training with upward mobility. The other half are working 
in lower wage, kind of more retail jobs that do not really have 
much of a career trajectory associated with them.
    While the median wage might look okay, it is really masking 
this sort of divided outcomes. This is one of the reasons among 
many that we think it is critical to enhance wage records, so 
that employers, and everyone else involved can better 
understand outcomes, and be able to make better informed 
choices.
    Mr. Messmer. Okay. Thank you. I yield back.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you. I want to thank all of our 
witnesses for the insights. It is a very important topic. I 
want to recognize my colleague, Mr. DeSaulnier, to finish up 
and have a closing statement.
    Mr. DeSaulnier. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I want to thank 
the witnesses as well. This is terrific, and it is really an 
opportunity for us to work together on measurements, and 
getting people employed, and measuring people who have a 
difficult time, as well as people who have less difficult time 
in a way that produces results, which I always thought was 
nonpartisan, or bipartisan.
    I would like to have unanimous request--I have a unanimous 
request, Mr. Chairman, that a report from the Federal Reserve 
Bank of San Francisco entitled, ``Did the $600 Employment 
Supplement Discourage Work'', which finds just in part that the 
$600 UI benefit supplemented in the CARES Act had little or no 
affect on the willingness of unemployed people to search for 
work, or accept job offers, and it goes on from there.
    I would like to have it entered into the record.
    Chairman Owens. No objection.
    [The information of Mr. DeSaulnier follows:]
    
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    Mr. DeSaulnier. Again, thank you all. Last Congress, as I 
referred to, we worked together to reach an excellent 
bipartisan agreement to strengthen our workforce system, to 
help America's employers and workers.
    This agreement entitled A Stronger Workforce for America 
Act updated the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, WIOA, 
to increase skills development, strengthen the connection 
between employers and the workforce system, and put more 
Americans on a pathway to success in the workforce.
    Unfortunately, a combination of factors, including rampant 
misinformation on social media, caused our agreement not to 
become law as we had all hoped. I am pleased that today's 
conversation had allowed us to get back on track. I urge the 
Committee to promptly advance the same bipartisan agreement we 
worked so hard to reach the last Congress, and then the House 
to swiftly pass it into law.
    Doing so would be good for our workers, good for 
businesses, and good for the U.S. economy. Thanks again, Mr. 
Chairman, for convening the important hearing, and I yield back 
my time.
    Chairman Owens. Thank you. I want to just say I, too, agree 
with the bipartisan way we have approached this. I am actually 
looking forward to having this hearing the last couple days 
because I knew it would be bipartisan, and it is probably one 
of the more important national security conversations we are 
going to have.
    How to prepare our generation, this next generation, for an 
explosion we are going to have over the coming years. I will 
say this, Ms. Sainz, you said something about the hope and that 
is really what the obligation we have to give the folks who are 
looking for a way to essentially their dreams.
    What I appreciate is the innovation, the innovators like 
yourself, that the years you spent in your occupation to be 
able to sit here as experts to tell us how we can better be 
innovative in our ways of doing this. Just know we have a 
legislative body that wants this to work.
    Our American people deserve the opportunity. They want to 
get to the middle class they have to be educated. They have to 
have an opportunity to reach out for something they can dream 
for and work hard for, and that hope is a big piece of it. We 
look forward to working with you.
    My ask, and I say this as often as I can, you are the 
innovators. What we can do best is take what you have and try 
to legislate around that, legislate those things that can 
actually make a difference. We ask you to be proactive, reach 
out to us, let us know. This is a very important legislative 
piece that we need to put through.
    We came so close again, we are going to make sure it 
happens as we get into this next time. I want to thank my 
colleagues for this bipartisan approach. We are going to make 
sure we work together to get this done and thank you again for 
the insight and expertise you have given us today. With that, I 
would like to thank the witnesses again for taking this time to 
testify for the Subcommittee.
    Without objections, there being no further business, the 
Subcommittee now stands adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 12:24 p.m., the Subcommittee was adjourned.]
    
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                                 [all]