[House Hearing, 119 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]



                    SERVING AND VOTING: OVERSIGHT OF
                 THE FEDERAL VOTING ASSISTANCE PROGRAM

=======================================================================





                                HEARING

                               before the

                           COMMITTEE ON HOUSE
                             ADMINISTRATION

                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                             FIRST SESSION
                               __________

                             JUNE 24, 2025
                               __________

      Printed for the use of the Committee on House Administration





               [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]





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                   COMMITTEE ON HOUSE ADMINISTRATION

                    BRYAN STEIL, Wisconsin, Chairman

LAUREL LEE, Florida, Vice Chair      JOSEPH MORELLE, New York,
BARRY LOUDERMILK, Georgia              Ranking Member
H. MORGAN GRIFFITH, Virginia         TERRI A. SEWELL, Alabama
GREG MURPHY, North Carolina          NORMA TORRES, California
STEPHANIE BICE, Oklahoma             JULIE JOHNSON, Texas
MARY MILLER, Illinois
MIKE CAREY, Ohio

                      Mike Platt,  Staff Director 
                 Jamie Fleet,  Minority Staff Director





































                 
                         C  O  N  T  E  N  T  S

                              ----------                              
                                                                   Page

                           Opening Statements

The Honorable Barry Loudermilk, Representative from the State of 
  Georgia........................................................     1
    Prepared statement of Barry Loudermilk.......................     3
Ranking Member Joseph Morelle, Representative from the State of 
  New York.......................................................     3
    Prepared statement of Ranking Member Joseph Morelle..........     5

                               Witnesses

Dr. Liz Clark, director, Defense Services Support Center.........    11
    Prepared statement of Dr. Liz Clark..........................    13
Scott Wiedmann, director, Federal Voting Assistance Program......    22

                       Submissions for the Record

SAVE Act opposition letter.......................................     7
Vet Voice Foundation letter......................................     9
Secure Families Initiative statement.............................    30
U.S. Vote Foundation statement...................................    31
Vet Voice Foundation statement...................................    37

                        Questions for the Record

Scott Wiedmann answers to submitted questions....................    41

 
                          SERVING AND VOTING:
                        OVERSIGHT OF THE FEDERAL
                       VOTING ASSISTANCE PROGRAM

                              ----------                              

                             June 24, 2025

                          Committee on House Administration,
                                       House of Representatives,
                                                   Washington, D.C.
    The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:35 a.m., in 
room 1310, Longworth House Office Building, Hon. Bryan Steil 
[chairman of the Committee] presiding.
    Present: Representatives Steil, Loudermilk, Murphy, Carey, 
Morelle, Sewell, Torres, and Johnson.
    Staff present: Mike Platt, Staff Director; Rachel Collins, 
General Counsel; Abby Salter, Parliamentarian; Jordan Wilson, 
Director of Member Services; Kristen Monterroso, Director of 
Operations; Josh Weber, Counsel; Annemarie Cake, Professional 
Staff and Deputy Clerk; Jamie Fleet, Minority Staff Director; 
Khalil Abboud, Minority Deputy Staff Director; Sean Wright, 
Minority Chief Counsel; Sarah Nasta, Minority Senior Advisor; 
Nikolas Youngsmith, Minority Elections Counsel; and Owen 
Reilly, Minority Professional Staff.

      OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. BARRY LOUDERMILK, A U.S. 
            REPRESENTATIVE FROM THE STATE OF GEORGIA

    Mr. Loudermilk.
    [Presiding.] The Committee on House Administration will 
come to order.
    The title of today's hearing is ``Serving and Voting: 
Oversight of the Federal Voting Assistance Program.''
    I note that a quorum is present and, without objection, the 
chair may declare a recess at any time.
    Also, without objection, the hearing record will remain 
open for 5 legislative days so Members may submit materials 
they wish to be included therein.
    Thank you, Ranking Member Morelle, Members of the 
Committee, and our witnesses, for participating in today's 
hearing.
    Before we begin, it is not lost on me, as a veteran of the 
United States Air Force who did two overseas tours, that while 
we are here today discussing how we can make it easier for 
active-duty military to vote, our troops serving overseas are 
serving our Nation in harm's way on a daily basis.
    Now more than ever, it is important that we are doing all 
we can to support our troops who are putting their lives on the 
line for this country. I am thankful for their service and I am 
praying for their safe return home.
    Free, fair, and secure elections are the cornerstone of our 
democracy, and it is our brave servicemembers that defend that 
right for all Americans. As the Committee with oversight 
authority of Federal elections, it is important that we take a 
look at the laws and procedures in place for our active-duty 
military voters. More specifically, we will be looking at the 
Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act, commonly 
known as UOCAVA, and the Federal Voting Assistance Program, to 
provide oversight to determine if improvements are needed.
    UOCAVA, which was enacted in 1986, is the only Federal 
statute that is solely devoted to protecting the access to vote 
for active-duty military, their family members, and other 
overseas citizens. UOCAVA has not been subject to significant 
congressional oversight in over a decade.
    The Federal Voting Assistance Program, or FVAP, is 
responsible for administering daily responsibilities of UOCAVA 
under the direction of the Secretary of Defense. In other 
words, the FVAP is responsible for helping our servicemembers 
vote in their respective State and local jurisdictions.
    Both UOCAVA and the FVAP ensure that servicemembers who 
want to vote have the opportunity to do so. According to the 
FVAP, approximately 950,000 active-duty military are eligible 
to vote under UOCAVA. However, not every active-duty 
servicemember registers to vote.
    During the 2022 election, 63 percent of active-duty 
military voters covered by UOCAVA, both in the United States 
and abroad, successfully registered to vote. Unfortunately, an 
even smaller percentage of those who registered actually cast 
their ballot.
    In the 2022 general election, only 26 percent of active-
duty military voters covered by UOCAVA cast their ballot for 
the election. However, in their most recent report to Congress, 
FVAP highlighted that active-duty military who sought 
assistance from FVAP were three times more likely to cast their 
ballot.
    In 2022, the FVAP distributed nearly 200,000 pieces of 
educational and outreach materials to voters at 105 military 
installations worldwide. Additionally, the FVAP responded to 
over 12,000 inquiries to its call center.
    While FVAP has made strong headway with boosting voter 
participation amongst UOCAVA voters, there is more that can be 
done. Every registered American citizen should have the 
resources they need to participate in our democracy. Our 
servicemembers who put their lives on the line to defend that 
same democracy should not be an exception.
    I hope today we are able to find ways to increase turnout 
among active-duty military voters ahead of the 2026 general 
election.
    I thank our witnesses for being here today, and I look 
forward to having a robust conversation with all of you on this 
critical issue.
    Before I close my remarks, I would like to highlight, we 
will be test piloting a new closed caption technology during 
today's hearing. This technology was approved by the 
Subcommittee on Modernization and Innovation and will soon be 
available to all House Committees.
    I thank our witnesses for being here today, and I look 
forward to our discussion.
    I now recognize the Ranking Member, Mr. Morelle, for 5 
minutes for the purposes of providing an opening statement.
    [The prepared statement of Mr. Loudermilk follows:]

         PREPARED STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE BARRY
                         LOUDERMILK

    Free, fair and secure elections are the cornerstone of our 
democracy, and it is our brave servicemembers that defend that 
right for all Americans. As the Committee with oversight 
authority of Federal elections, it is important that we take a 
look at the laws and procedures in place for our active-duty 
military voters.
    More specifically, we will be looking at the Uniformed and 
Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act, commonly referred to as 
UOCAVA, and the Federal Voting Assistance Program, to provide 
oversight and determine if improvements are needed. UOCAVA, 
which was enacted in 1986, is the only Federal statute that is 
solely devoted to protecting the access to vote for active-duty 
military, their family members, and other overseas citizens.
    UOCAVA has not been subject to significant congressional 
oversight in over a decade. The Federal Voting Assistance 
Program, or FVAP, is responsible for administering daily 
responsibilities of UOCAVA under the direction of the Secretary 
of Defense. In other words, the FVAP is responsible for helping 
our servicemembers vote in their respective State and local 
jurisdictions. Both UOCAVA and the FVAP ensure that 
servicemembers who want to vote have the opportunity to do so.
    According to the FVAP, approximately 950,000 active-duty 
military are eligible to vote under UOCAVA. However, not every 
active-duty servicemember registers to vote. During the 2022 
general election, 63% of active-duty military voters covered by 
UOCAVA, both in the United States and abroad, successfully 
registered to vote. Unfortunately, an even smaller percentage 
of those who registered actually cast their ballot. In the 2022 
general election, only 26% of active-duty military voters 
covered by UOCAVA cast their ballot for the election. However, 
in their most recent report to Congress, FVAP highlighted that 
active-duty military who sought assistance from FVAP were three 
times more likely to cast their ballot.
    In 2022, the FVAP distributed nearly 200,000 pieces of 
educational and outreach materials to voters at 105 military 
installations worldwide. Additionally, the FVAP responded to 
over 12,000 inquiries to its call center. While the FVAP has 
made strong headway with boosting voter participation amongst 
UOCAVA voters, there is more that can be done. Every registered 
American citizen should have the resources they need to 
participate in our democracy. Our servicemembers who put their 
lives on the line to defend that same democracy should not be 
an exception.
    I hope today we are able to find ways to increase turnout 
among active-duty military voters ahead of the 2026 general 
election. I thank our witnesses for being here today and I look 
forward to having a robust conversation with all of you on this 
critical issue. Before I close my remarks, I would like 
highlight that we will be test-piloting new closed caption 
technology during today's hearing. This technology was approved 
by the Subcommittee on Modernization and Innovation, and will 
soon be available to all House Committees. I thank our 
witnesses for being here today and I look forward to our 
discussion.

      OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. JOSEPH MORELLE, RANKING
       MEMBER OF THE COMMITTEE ON HOUSE ADMINISTRATION,
       A U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM NEW YORK

    Mr. Morelle. Good morning. Thank you, Chairman Loudermilk 
and to Chairman Steil, and thank you certainly to our witnesses 
for being here today.
    The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act, or 
UOCAVA, is a critical component of our efforts to make sure 
every American, no matter where they live, has an opportunity 
to vote.
    The law provides protections for millions of voters, such 
as requiring States to send ballots to voters at least 45 days 
ahead of Federal elections, and the availability of a Federal 
write-in absentee ballot, a backup ballot, essentially, that 
allows overseas and military voters to still cast a ballot in 
Federal elections if their ballot does not arrive in time.
    While UOCAVA is a good start, there is work to be done. 
According to the Pentagon, in 2022--and some of the statistics 
my colleague just cited, but I think they bear repeating--15 
percent of military voters reported that they either did not 
receive the ballot in time or the ballot never arrived. The 
voter participation rate for servicemembers was 26 percent, 
well, well below national averages. Additionally, the overall 
voting rate for overseas citizens in 2022 was an estimated 3.4 
percent due, in part, to either real or perceived obstacles to 
casting a ballot from overseas.
    At an April hearing, we heard testimony about 
servicemembers and their spouses never receiving their ballots, 
others paying out of pocket for a courier service to return 
their ballot from abroad when they could not access the mail 
system, and families stationed in Japan whose mail routinely 
takes 6 to 8 weeks to arrive.
    In addition, I spent time, along with Chairman Steil, in 
both Japan and in Korea, where Korea we met with members of the 
United States Army about the challenges they faced in receiving 
ballots.
    We could and we should be working in a bipartisan way to 
improve access to the ballot for military and overseas voters. 
Instead, what we have had over the last couple of years is my 
colleagues on the other side of the aisle have advanced 
policies that severely hinder ballot access and would 
disenfranchise servicemembers, their families, and millions of 
other overseas voters.
    The SAVE Act and the President's illegal anti-voting 
executive order would fundamentally disrupt American elections 
and severely impact the ability of military and overseas voters 
to vote. For instance, their agenda, their bills, and the 
executive order would end mail and online voter registration. 
Their plan also requires voters to register in person at their 
local elections office, something common sense tells you many 
military and overseas voters cannot do. If you are stationed in 
Japan, it is going to make it really difficult for you to 
register at your local Board of Elections.
    House Republicans passed the SAVE Act despite overseas 
voters asking them not to and despite the fact that we 
repeatedly on this side of the aisle cautioned them that doing 
that would make it much, much more difficult, almost 
impossible, for military personnel to register to vote.
    In April, I wanted to invite a witness, a military spouse 
currently stationed overseas, who could have given voice to the 
experience of overseas voters and whose testimony we could have 
easily facilitated. Unfortunately, House Republicans did not 
want to hear from her and they denied the request.
    I am grateful to the witnesses here today. Thank you for 
your service to the country and to those who seek to vote from 
abroad.
    I had hoped we would also hear from voters these laws 
impact. Pavan Parikh is the Clerk of Courts in Hamilton County, 
Ohio. He also served on the Ohio Ballot Board. He is also a JAG 
officer in the United States Army Reserve who has served 
overseas, a local official serving his community and the 
elections process who has served his country in uniform.
    He would have made a great witness, would have added to the 
witnesses we have, which I am grateful for. Again, my 
colleagues denied our request to have him appear at this 
hearing. I hope the Committee can hear from him and others like 
him very soon. I think they have something to add and their 
perspective would be welcome.
    In over 2 years of being in the majority, this is the first 
hearing held by my friends focusing on military and overseas 
voting. The VOTES Act, championed by Elections Subcommittee 
Chair Laurel Lee and Congressman Maxwell Frost, is a bipartisan 
bill which would actually increase military voter access, and 
we should move that bill forward. As I said in April, Democrats 
would happily waive this Committee's notice requirements to 
call the VOTES Act up right now to send it once again to the 
full House.
    We have put forward numerous policies that would increase 
ballot access and, as always the case, there is never any proof 
to things like what the President has said about voting from 
abroad and overseas in the last election, because there is 
never any proof to anything he says about the difficulties in 
doing it.
    Let us focus on ways to improve access. I think we are 
happy to work in a bipartisan way to expand access to people 
and we will advance legislation to help them.
    I want to thank the chair. I look forward to--and I would 
like to--before I yield back, Mr. Chair, I would ask unanimous 
consent to insert into the record a letter from U.S. Vote 
Foundation, Secure Families Initiative, Blue Star Families, the 
Association of Americans Resident Overseas, the American 
Citizens Abroad, and the Federation of American Women's Clubs 
Overseas, as well as a letter from the Vet Voice Foundation, 
urging opposition to the SAVE Act and outlining ways in which 
it would create barriers to the ballot box for overseas voters.
    Mr. Loudermilk. Without objection.
    [The prepared statement of Ranking Member Morelle follows:]

          PREPARED STATEMENT OF RANKING MEMBER OF THE
       COMMITTEE ON HOUSE ADMINISTRATION JOSEPH MORELLE

    The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act, or 
UOCAVA, is a critical component of our efforts to make sure 
every American, no matter where they live, has an opportunity 
to vote. The law provides protections for millions of voters, 
such as requiring States send ballots to voters at least 45 
days ahead of Federal elections, and the availability of a 
Federal write-in absentee ballot, a backup ballot, essentially, 
that allows overseas and military voters to still cast a ballot 
in Federal elections if their ballot does not arrive in time.
    While UOCAVA is a good start, there is work to be done. 
According to the Pentagon, in 2022 and some of the statistics 
my colleague just cited, but I think they bear repeating 15 
percent of military voters reported that they either did not 
receive the ballot in time or the ballot never arrived. The 
voter participation rate for servicemembers was 26 percent, 
well, well below national averages. Additionally, the overall 
voting rate for overseas citizens in 2022 was an estimated 3.4 
percent due, in part, to either real or perceived obstacles to 
casting a ballot from overseas.
    At an April hearing, we heard testimony about 
servicemembers and their spouses never receiving their ballots, 
others paying out of pocket for a courier service to return 
their ballot from abroad when they could not access the mail 
system, and families stationed in Japan whose mail routinely 
takes 6 to 8 weeks to arrive. In addition, I spent time, along 
with Chairman Steil, in both Japan and in Korea, where Korea we 
met with members of the United States Army about the challenges 
they faced in receiving ballots.
    We could and we should be working in a bipartisan way to 
improve access to the ballot for military and overseas voters. 
Instead, what we have had over the last couple of years is my 
colleagues on the other side of the aisle have advanced 
policies that severely hinder ballot access and would 
disenfranchise servicemembers, their families, and millions of 
other overseas voters.
    The SAVE Act and the President's illegal anti-voting 
executive order would fundamentally disrupt American elections 
and severely impact the ability of military and overseas voters 
to vote. For instance, their agenda, their bills, and the 
executive order would end mail and online voter registration. 
Their plan also requires voters to register in person at their 
local elections office, something common sense tells you many 
military and overseas voters cannot do. If you are stationed in 
Japan, it is going to make it really difficult for you to 
register at your local Board of Elections.
    House Republicans passed the SAVE Act despite overseas 
voters asking them not to and despite the fact that we 
repeatedly on this side of the aisle cautioned them that doing 
that would make it much, much more difficult, almost 
impossible, for military personnel to register to vote. In 
April, I wanted to invite a witness, a military spouse 
currently stationed overseas, who could have given voice to the 
experience of overseas voters and whose testimony we could have 
easily facilitated. Unfortunately, House Republicans did not 
want to hear from her and they denied the request.
    I am grateful to the witnesses here today. Thank you for 
your service to the country and to those who seek to vote from 
abroad. I had hoped we would also hear from voters these laws 
impact. Pavan Parikh is the Clerk of Courts in Hamilton County, 
Ohio. He also served on the Ohio Ballot Board. He is also a JAG 
officer in the United States Army Reserve who has served 
overseas, a local official serving his community and the 
elections process who has served his country in uniform. He 
would have made a great witness, would have added to the 
witnesses we have, which I am grateful for. Again, my 
colleagues denied our request to have him appear at this 
hearing. I hope the Committee can hear from him and others like 
him very soon. I think they have something to add and their 
perspective would be welcome.
    In over 2 years of being in the majority, this is the first 
hearing held by my friends focusing on military and overseas 
voting. The VOTES Act, championed by Elections Subcommittee 
Chair Laurel Lee and Congressman Maxwell Frost, is a bipartisan 
bill which would actually increase military voter access, and 
we should move that bill forward. As I said in April, Democrats 
would happily waive this Committee's notice requirements to 
call the VOTES Act up right now to send it once again to the 
full House.
    We have put forward numerous policies that would increase 
ballot access and, as always the case, there is never any proof 
to things like what the President has said about voting from 
abroad and overseas in the last election, because there is 
never any proof to anything he says about the difficulties in 
doing it. Let us focus on ways to improve access. I think we 
are happy to work in a bipartisan way to expand access to 
people and we will advance legislation to help them.

    [The Morelle letters follow:]
    
    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    
    Mr. Morelle. Thank you. I yield back, sir.
    Mr. Loudermilk. Without objection, all Members' opening 
statements will be made part of the hearing record if they are 
submitted to the Committee clerk by 5 p.m. today.
    Today we will have one witness panel. Both witnesses are 
from the Department of Defense. First, Dr. Liz Clark, director 
of Defense Services Support Center, who has provided testimony 
and will give an opening statement. Next, we have Scott 
Wiedmann, director of the Federal Voting Assistance Program, 
who is here as a subject matter expert.
    We appreciate you both being here with us today and look 
forward to your testimony.
    Dr. Clark, we have read your written statement and it will 
appear in the full hearing record. I now recognize you for 5 
minutes for the purpose of giving an opening statement.

   STATEMENTS OF DR. LIZ CLARK, DIRECTOR, DEFENSE SERV- 
    ICES SUPPORT CENTER;  AND SCOTT WIEDMANN, DIRECTOR,
    FEDERAL VOTING ASSISTANCE PROGRAM

                   STATEMENT OF DR. LIZ CLARK

    Ms. Clark. Chairman Steil, Ranking Member Morelle, and 
distinguished Members of the Committee, thank you for the 
opportunity to discuss the Department's implementation of the 
Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act, or UOCAVA. 
This vital law ensures that our servicemembers, their eligible 
family members, and overseas citizens are aware of their right 
to vote and have the tools and resources to successfully do so 
from anywhere in the world. The Department takes this 
responsibility seriously.
    With me today I have Mr. J. Scott Wiedmann, the Federal 
Voting Assistance Program, or FVAP, director. Mr. Wiedmann has 
been with FVAP for over 32 years. FVAP is the mainstay of our 
efforts to implement UOCAVA and prescribes the two standard 
absentee voting forms allowing voters to communicate directly 
with their election officials to request, receive, and submit 
their ballots. We also work closely with State and local 
election officials who administer elections to ensure they 
understand their responsibilities under UOCAVA.
    Our focus is on ensuring that UOCAVA voters are informed, 
educated, and able to successfully vote from anywhere in the 
world. To do so, we rely on a network of Voting Assistance 
Officers and the military services and the Department of State 
to help deliver that assistance.
    In the lead-up to the 2024 election, we trained nearly 
3,000 Voting Assistance Officers worldwide. They achieved their 
goals by educating voters at the local level and ensuring 
voters are aware of the FVAP.gov website, which provides clear, 
timely, State-specific and accessible voting information.
    In 2024, there were nearly 6 million hits on the FVAP.gov 
website, and more than 600,000 votes used a State-specific 
Federal postcard application tool to assist them in completing 
the form before printing, signing, and sending to their State 
of legal voting residence.
    An online completion assistance tool is also available for 
the Federal write-in absentee ballot, which serves as a backup 
ballot for voters who have not received their requested State 
ballot in a timely manner.
    There is extensive command support from the military 
services to increase awareness and messaging regarding absentee 
voting. Annually, installations support three voting emphasis 
weeks: Armed Forces Voters Week around Independence Day, 
Military Spouse Voters Week in early August, and Absentee 
Voting Week in late September.
    These efforts extend information to family members on both 
domestic and overseas installations through displays, physical 
and electronic banners, and voter registration drives.
    Additionally, the military services provide voter 
registration and absentee ballot request assistance during each 
election cycle in high-traffic areas, such as at Military and 
Family Readiness Centers, Morale, Welfare, and Recreation 
Facilities, medical facilities, commissaries and exchanges.
    To enhance absentee voting awareness directly to the 
voters, we use targeted communication strategies on social 
media and through trusted stakeholder organizations. For 
example, in 2024, we had more than 340 million digital ads 
displayed, 35 million video views, and over 7 million organic 
social media content appearances.
    The FVAP staff works directly with officials at the State 
and local level to ensure FVAP materials have accurate and up-
to-date election dates, ballot deadlines, and election office 
contact information.
    We brief national and State election official organizations 
to ensure they understand their key responsibilities under 
UOCAVA, including the 45-day ballot transmission and electronic 
blank ballot delivery options, to ensure individuals have time 
to submit their ballot and to notify voters if their 
application was denied.
    We also confirm with election officials that they 
understand the unique aspects specific to UOCAVA voters and 
that they, not FVAP, make the final determinations on voters 
satisfying residency requirements, and that a voter's last 
address in the United States can be used for voting purposes 
while overseas.
    FVAP also provides ballot mailing envelope templates for 
use by election officials, which helps ensure election 
materials sent to UOCAVA voters are postage-free.
    In addition, we actively work to improve UOCAVA absentee 
voting processes through innovation. Congressional funding has 
allowed us to provide grants to State and localities to explore 
best practices, such as improving the electronic blank ballot 
transmission and the use of digital signature verification.
    In closing, Mr. Chairman, I thank you, Ranking Member 
Morelle, and the Members of this Committee for your outstanding 
and continuing support of those who vote under UOCAVA 
protections, and for the men and women who proudly wear the 
uniform in defense of our great Nation.
    We are truly honored to be with you today, and we look 
forward to your questions.
    [The prepared statement of Ms. Clark follows:]

              PREPARED STATEMENT OF DR. LIZ CLARK

[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

    Chairman Steil.
    [Presiding.] Thank you very much, Dr. Clark. Thank you both 
for being with us today.
    I thank Representative Loudermilk for his assistance in the 
opening as a veteran. This hits close to home I know for him 
but I think for all of us.
    I will recognize myself for 5 minutes for the purpose of 
asking questions.
    I want to dive into the numbers and just stage-set a little 
bit. If we go back to the 2022 general election, the most 
recent midterm, according to the U.S. Census, approximately 69 
percent of the voting age population was registered to vote 
and, of those registered, 52 percent actually voted.
    Then we go over to the UOCAVA side. active-duty military 
voters in particular, according to FVAP, the 2022 congressional 
report, the registration rate was approximately 63 percent, a 
little lower than the national average, but only 26 percent, 
less than half, actually voted, significantly lower than the 
national average.
    I want to use that as a stage setting and then kind of dive 
in here.
    How does FVAP retrieve data for its biennial congressional 
report? I will start with you, Dr. Clark.
    Ms. Clark. Thank you for the question, Chairman.
    I am going to ask Mr. Wiedmann to provide the specific data 
for that.
    Chairman Steil. That would be great.
    Mr. Wiedmann. Good morning, Chairman Steil.
    After each Federal election, we do a series of surveys of 
active-duty military members, the Voting Assistance Officers, 
the election officials and--State election officials. Then in 
2024, for the first time we worked with the Department of 
Defense to do surveys of spouses as well to gather that data.
    Chairman Steil. How much does it cost to run that survey 
and provide the FVAP congressional report? I will allow either 
of you to answer as we bounce between.
    Ms. Clark. No. We will take the cost for the record, 
please.
    Chairman Steil. Do you have an estimate as to what the cost 
is? I would like the number in the record, but do you know what 
the cost is or have an estimate as to what that cost is?
    Mr. Wiedmann. I do not want to answer because I am not sure 
offhand exactly. It is right in the front cover of our report 
because----
    Chairman Steil. OK. We will track it down.
    Let me shift gears again. Do active-duty servicemembers 
face unique obstacles? Obviously, they do. What is FVAP doing 
in particular to make sure that people are voting and bringing 
up that percentage as we look out to the next midterm?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Chairman Steil, there are three major 
obstacles that can make the absentee voting process more 
difficult sometimes for military members: time, distance, and 
mobility.
    From the time perspective, we encourage all military 
members in January of every year to send in that Federal 
postcard application form so that their local election 
officials are aware of that they are not at home, that they 
need an absentee ballot sent to them.
    Then we also want them to--we encourage them to take 
advantage of the 45-day mailing time. As you know, Federal law 
guarantees that States will send the ballots to the military 
voters at the 45th day before the election. They can receive it 
electronically. In their email inbox they can have that ballot, 
print it out, vote it, and then get it mailed back and take 
full advantage of that.
    Chairman Steil. With our limited time--I appreciate that. 
With our limited time, let me just dive in. I just got the 
number pulled. $2.4 million. That seems like a lot of money, 
but maybe something--I would love a little additional 
information on why it costs that much, but I am going to hold 
that.
    I just want to touch base on how you are coordinating with 
State and local election officials to ensure that ballots are 
reaching the right jurisdiction. How are you coordinating with 
State and local officials?
    Mr. Wiedmann. We work very closely with the State and local 
election officials from across the country, 55 States and 
territories, and the District of Columbia. Right now, we are in 
full swing in preparation for the 2026 election. We have the 
Voting Assistance Guidebook, which contains the voting dates, 
the regulations, rules and deadlines for the voters from every 
jurisdiction.
    We also have the contact information--mail, phone, fax, and 
email--for all those jurisdictions in that book as well as on 
the FVAP.gov website. We ensure that all that information is 
accurate and up to date so that when a voter fills out that 
Federal postcard application form and it is received by the 
election official, it will have everything they need to process 
the form and get the ballot to the voter.
    Chairman Steil. Whose responsibility is it to verify the 
identity of the voter, is that FVAP or is that the State?
    Mr. Wiedmann. That would be the local election office who 
receives the Federal postcard application.
    Chairman Steil. So it is the State's responsibility to 
confirm the identity of the individual?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Correct.
    Chairman Steil. All right. No further questions. I yield 
back.
    I now recognize the Ranking Member, Mr. Morelle, for 
questions.
    Mr. Morelle. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Thank you again to the witnesses for being here.
    You know, we have advanced a number of ideas that would 
have increased access for military and overseas voters: ample 
notice and cure periods for ballot errors, online voter 
registration in addition to the postcard, improvements to 
UOCAVA. You know, and the President sadly, as I said earlier, 
spreads all this mis- and disinformation about voting abroad 
without any proof.
    I am curious. If a voter makes a mistake on their ballot 
and it does not arrive in time for them to have an opportunity 
to cure a mistake, particularly in those States that allow it, 
how do you work with voters to ensure that they have, one, the 
information necessary to cast a ballot, and that they know of 
the requirements set forth by the various States?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Thank you, Ranking Member Morelle.
    We work closely with States. We have also a hotline that 
voters can call directly if they do get a notice from their 
State, if there is an issue that might arise while that ballot 
request or the ballot is being processed, so that we can call 
the State directly, provide information from the voter to the 
local election official and perhaps they can work that out.
    Of course, timing is of the essence. Again, as I said, we 
encourage folks to start the process as early as possible, take 
full advantage of that 45-day window and not wait right up 
until the day of the election to start the process or to make 
those calls.
    Mr. Morelle. I mentioned earlier that the SAVE Act would 
end a number of things that would affect UOCAVA voters. For 
instance, they would no longer have the ability to mail in the 
postcard to register to vote.
    I assume you have taken a look at the SAVE Act, perhaps 
not, or the President's executive order. How would requirements 
such as that, how would they impact the UOCAVA voter? Have you 
done any analysis? You would not be able to register any longer 
if you are overseas.
    Ms. Clark. Thank you for the question. We are aware of the 
SAVE Act and the proposed legislation as well as the executive 
orders.
    I did want to just clarify too that the Federal postcard 
application form, we do look at updating that every 2 years 
anyway. Right now, though, we understand that the court case is 
under--or the EO is under litigation right now, and we stand 
ready to change the form if then needed.
    I did want to let you know that we do update that form 
every 2 years to see if there are----
    Mr. Morelle. But that form would not be--under the 
executive order, well, and under the SAVE Act, you could not--
there would be only in-person registration. People could not--
members of the military or overseas individuals could no longer 
register to vote unless they went to their local office.
    Ms. Clark. Understand, Ranking Member, with the current 
legislation that is being proposed. From a Departmental 
perspective, once that legislation comes back to us, we can go 
through our formal congressional protocols to provide response 
to that.
    Mr. Morelle. Right.
    Ms. Clark. Right now we stand waiting to see what comes 
through and waiting for the court cases to----
    Mr. Morelle. Yes, I know. You will agree with me that that 
would make it--I mean, if you read the plain English reading of 
the statute or the proposed statute, that it would end online 
registration for overseas and military voters?
    Ms. Clark. The Department remains, you know, committed to 
providing a formal congressional response once that legislation 
comes to us.
    Mr. Morelle. I wanted to just take up--and I only have a 
minute or so left of my time, but it is striking to me that 
only 26 percent of military voters who are registered cast a 
ballot. I mean, that is really a small number and one that is 
troubling.
    The fewer than 4 percent of overseas voters who are non 
uniform cast ballots, that is staggering to me. Like, when you 
look at that, you must think, we have got to get this number--I 
am assuming, I hope that that is your desire.
    Can you give me two things that you are working on right 
now that would dramatically increase both numbers?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Yes. Obviously, it is a voter's choice as to 
whether or not they want to participate in a process and 
whether they want to register and ultimately cast a ballot. We 
do have----
    Mr. Morelle. I get that. But I think you would acknowledge 
that 3 percent or 3.4 percent for overseas voters, there is 
clearly something--I mean, it would be odd for overseas voters 
to choose at a 97 percent rate not to vote versus, you know, 
the number that my friend the chairman cited for people who are 
in the Continental or live in the United States.
    Mr. Wiedmann. We send out 90-, 60-, and 30-day reminder 
notices to all members of the military. That also goes out 
through State Department channels, through the MASCOT messaging 
services, to overseas citizens who have registered with the 
State Department to say that I am overseas living in a 
particular country. Those reminders go out monthly during an 
election year to say, these are the elections, these are the 
States that have primaries coming up.
    Mr. Morelle. I am sorry to interrupt, and I have run out of 
time, but those are things that you currently do, which no 
disrespect, but they are obviously not--I was curious as to 
what things you are thinking about right now that you can do to 
move that needle dramatically in the direction of more greater 
participation.
    Mr. Wiedmann. Again, you know, our purpose is to ensure 
that the voters have the understanding that they are able to 
vote under Federal law for those Federal offices and that they 
have the tools and resources to do so if they wish.
    Mr. Morelle. Not to do anything or facilitate anything that 
would encourage greater participation?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Correct. We are not a get-out-the-vote 
campaign.
    Mr. Morelle. Got you. I will yield back.
    Chairman Steil. The gentleman yields back.
    Mr. Loudermilk is recognized for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Loudermilk. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Thank you to our witnesses for being here today. It is a 
very important subject.
    When I was active duty, I made every effort to vote when I 
knew there was an election going on. It was very easy--well, 
being overseas, there was a lot of help during a Presidential 
election. There is a lot of attention going on. I found it more 
difficult during midterm elections, which in Georgia, that is 
when our gubernatorial election is, and more specifically, 
local, county, and some State elections that may be off cycle, 
and part of it was even knowing that a specific election was 
going on.
    Really for both of you, is there attention made to these 
non-Federal elections to active-duty military?
    Ms. Clark. Thank you for the question.
    If you have not gone to the FVAP.gov website, I highly 
recommend it. It is a wealth of knowledge that is for military 
members, military spouses, as well as overseas citizens. It 
also has links directly to each State and then each 
jurisdiction.
    To your point of increasing that awareness, our goal is to 
make sure that every UOCAVA-eligible voter has access to that 
and is able to link back to their particular State or their 
locality.
    Mr. Wiedmann, can you provide a bit more information on 
exactly what you do?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Yes. We have a requirement, and the services 
help us to ensure that every member receives a Federal postcard 
application form, either electronically or some sort of notice, 
every January 15th of every year, so that is not just the even-
numbered years, and then again in July of the even-numbered 
years.
    If the voter sends that form in to that State or local 
election office, they would get whatever ballots would come to 
them during that calendar year.
    Mr. Loudermilk. All right. I appreciate that. I can 
remember during the times that I was in, often our squadron 
commander would send out something advising there is an 
election going on, we encourage you to vote.
    Is that something that you get engagement by commanders, 
unit commanders, to interface at least to let the troops know 
that there is an election going on?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Yes. Through the military services, there is 
the entire chain of command. There is a Service Voting Action 
Officer for each service that we meet with monthly. Then each 
installation has an Installation Voting Assistance Officer as 
well as a brick-and-mortar Voter Assistance Office, and that is 
typically like in the Military and Family Readiness Center, 
where families can go as well to get assistance as well as the 
members.
    Mr. Loudermilk. OK. Thank you.
    Director Wiedmann, while I have got you, from your 
experience, are ballots of military voters deployed on active-
duty orders susceptible to voter fraud?
    Mr. Wiedmann. We facilitate the connectivity between that 
voter and that local election official. Then once the election 
official receives that, they are the ones who would review the 
ballot for validity and authenticity.
    Mr. Loudermilk. You are taking it from the servicemember 
and delivering it to the local elections office or the State? 
Is that what you are referring to?
    Mr. Wiedmann. The Military Postal Service Agency, when it 
is dropped off at a military post office on an installation, 
will take that, and they are an extension of the U.S. Postal 
Service. Then they will have that delivered to Chicago. Then 
from there, it goes into the U.S. Postal Service.
    Mr. Loudermilk. OK. What steps does FVAP take to ensure 
election integrity is upheld when assisting servicemembers with 
voter registration?
    Mr. Wiedmann. A person who is assigned as a voting officer 
does that job in a nonpartisan way, just basically there to 
facilitate the process. FVAP provides FVAP.gov and the tools 
and materials. That local voting officer knows that 
installation, knows the circumstance they are in, whether it be 
a submarine or forward deployed, and then will help the voters 
to navigate the process locally.
    Mr. Loudermilk. How would that fit in with the uniqueness 
of certain States and election laws, i.e., in Georgia you have 
to show an ID to be able to register to vote as well as to 
vote?
    Do you take in consideration of the local election laws 
when you are registering votes?
    Mr. Wiedmann. We work with those State and local election 
offices. This book, all the information we provide in here and 
on our website is signed off by the chief State election 
official in every State.
    We work with Blake Evans in the Secretary of State's Office 
for Georgia to ensure that everything is accurate and up to 
date. So when a voter fills this out, it will be accepted by 
the Georgia county, and the Georgia county would then be able 
to send that ballot out to the voter.
    Mr. Loudermilk. OK. Thank you.
    Last question. Are you aware of any credible reporting of 
bad actors committing voter fraud through UOCAVA ballots?
    Mr. Wiedmann. I am not.
    Mr. Loudermilk. OK. Thank you.
    I yield back.
    Chairman Steil. The gentleman yields back.
    Representative Sewell is recognized for 5 minutes for 
questions.
    Ms. Sewell. I want to thank our witnesses for being here 
today.
    As the Ranking Member over the Elections Subcommittee as 
well as author of the John Robert Lewis Voting Rights 
Advancement Act, I think there is nothing more important and 
fundamental to our democracy than the right to vote. Ensuring 
that every eligible voter has an opportunity to cast a ballot I 
think is top and foremost what you all are supposed to do with 
respect to our servicemembers and those living overseas.
    Often I hear from my servicemembers that they do not have 
an opportunity to cure any problem that may happen with the 
ballot because of timing. Then I also get a lot of complaints 
in my office that they do not receive the ballot in time.
    I guess my question to you, Director, is, what are you 
doing to work with the United States Postal Services to make 
sure that people, that servicemembers and overseas citizens get 
their ballots in time?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Thank you, Representative Sewell.
    We work closely with the U.S. Postal Service as well as the 
Military Postal Service Agency to ensure that all of the 
materials that we provide have that postage indicia so it is 
postage-free in U.S. mails. We also provide the ballot template 
envelope for State and local officials, so when they print 
those ballots to be sent out to the voters, those have that 
postage indicia on there as well.
    Ms. Sewell. Yes, I know that the postage is free; just the 
timing of receiving it. I get that, you know, the States 
administer their own elections, but, you know, we administer 
Federal elections and I want to make sure that folks get their 
ballots in a timely fashion.
    I do not know, Dr. Clark, if you have anything else to add 
about what we could be doing now to ensure that people get 
timely ballots. Obviously, if there is a mistake, being able to 
cure that in a timely fashion.
    Ms. Clark. Yes. As Mr. Wiedmann mentioned as well, we have 
the Federal write-in absentee ballot. If there are challenges 
with the State--with a servicemember or UOCAVA-eligible voter 
receiving their ballot, they are able to then submit the 
Federal write-in absentee ballot as well.
    I think it comes down to ensuring that we are promoting 
that awareness and that education and that the military 
services and the installations and the units are also taking 
this seriously and that it is a priority as well.
    We have done a significant amount of work to make sure that 
we are promoting that awareness, making those tools and 
resources available, as well as trying to make it as seamless 
as we possibly can for the UOCAVA-eligible voter.
    When Mr. Wiedmann has talked about this Voting Assistance 
Guide, it has QR codes that takes you directly to that State. 
You know, our goal here is to make sure that we recognize that 
voting is a personal choice.
    Ms. Sewell. It is----
    Ms. Clark. We want to ensure that----
    Ms. Sewell. But, I mean, if you want to ensure that 
eligible voters have an opportunity to vote----
    Ms. Clark. Yes, ma'am.
    Ms. Sewell [continuing]. and I understand the importance of 
informing them that elections are going on. Your role, 
obviously, I understand is not to register voters, but it is to 
ensure that our servicemembers and those who are eligible 
overseas have an opportunity to cast a ballot.
    You know, I think that the FVAP has been, with the changes 
to it that have been proposed in the court system as well as 
through the executive order of the President, I think that the 
Federal postcard can be very complicated, and I know that that 
is tied up in litigation. Until that has been truly litigated, 
we are still practicing under the existing laws. Is that right?
    Ms. Clark. That is correct.
    Mr. Wiedmann, anything to add specifically on that?
    Mr. Wiedmann. No. That is correct. The Federal postcard 
application. Then our process, as I stated, we are ramping up 
for 2026. Part of that process is to review the forms for 
changes----
    Ms. Sewell. Have you received any complaints from 
servicemembers or overseas about the postcard itself?
    Mr. Wiedmann. No.
    Ms. Sewell. Would you be the appropriate person that they 
would lodge those complaints to?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Well, if it is something to do with the 
processing of the form or the layout of the form, they would 
come to us and let us know so that we could incorporate that 
into redesigns, as we do every 2 years. If it is something to 
do with a person's rights being abridged, then they would go to 
the Department of Justice, which is the enforcement body.
    Ms. Sewell. Is the FVAP still committed to leveraging other 
governmental resources to keep all of the eligible 
servicemembers informed of how they can exercise their right to 
vote?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Yes, ma'am.
    Ms. Sewell. I too, like the Ranking Member, am quite 
concerned that the percentage of voters that are overseas and 
their servicemembers is around 26 percent, whereas in the 
United States, those that vote, it is about 48 percent. Both 
need to go up to more than 50, in my opinion. Is there anything 
that you guys are doing right now that would help in reducing 
that gap?
    Mr. Wiedmann. We look at the--we call it the UOCAVA gap. 
There is going to be some folks that would not want to vote, 
but there is a short or a small number of folks that may have 
wanted to vote but were not able to.
    Those are the folks we try to target with our messaging 
through social media and whatnot to ensure, again, that they 
have that knowledge that they are able to vote and that they 
have a link to FVAP.gov, and that once they get there, click 
the button to say register to vote here. Everything they need 
in order to register to vote in their State is provided to 
them, and then they can send that request directly to their 
county.
    Ms. Sewell. Well, sir, obviously, all of us are committed 
to making sure that folks get the opportunity to cast a vote 
who are eligible. Whatever we can do, I would be interested in 
making sure we can partner with you to make that happen.
    Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to enter into the 
record two statements. One from Secure Families Initiative, an 
organization that works on behalf of active-duty military 
families; and a second from U.S. Vote Foundation, an 
organization that works on behalf of all overseas voters on the 
ways UOCAVA works for military and overseas voters.
    Chairman Steil. Without objection.
    [The statements referred to follow:]
    
    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    
    Ms. Sewell. Thank you, sir. I yield back.
    Chairman Steil. The gentlewoman yields back.
    The gentleman from North Carolina, Dr. Murphy, is 
recognized for 5 minutes.
    Dr. Murphy. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Thank you both for coming here today, and thank you for 
your contributions that are helping our servicemembers and 
those abroad participate in the process of voting.
    I am honored to represent three military installations in 
eastern North Carolina, totaling more than 50,000 active-duty 
servicemembers. We obviously want them to participate in the 
process if they want to participate in the process, so I 
appreciate you guys doing this.
    North Carolina is a popular destination for people moving 
to the U.S. In fact, we are sinking a little bit because so 
many people are moving here, especially on the Outer Banks. You 
know, many North Carolinians also choose to live abroad.
    I appreciate what you guys are doing to help educate 
individuals through UOCAVA for the opportunity to vote. I am 
remiss. I have not gone on your website, but I look forward to 
doing that today because it sounds like there is a great deal 
of information there.
    You know, to what Ranking Member Morelle said about only 3 
percent of individuals voting overseas, that is amazing to me. 
Maybe they are in Bali and they just do not want to be 
bothered. I do not know. 3 percent does seem like a very low 
amount.
    Let me ask you this. You guys, what kind of educational 
materials are you able to provide through UOCAVA to voters who 
are located near the embassy in countries, and then for folks 
that do not live near the embassy in a lot of other countries, 
I wonder if you could educate me on that?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Thank you, Representative Murphy.
    We work very closely with the State Department, and they 
have the American citizen services desk at every embassy and 
consulate. So that if an American needs a new passport or some 
sort of other service for American citizens, they go there to 
get that.
    One of the things they do is provide assistance--voting 
assistance. Anybody behind that glass window, if an American 
citizens walks in, would be able to get the same assistance 
that a voter would get from a voting officer in the military.
    They also post a ballot receptacle closer out to the street 
so that a voter does not necessarily have to go in all the way 
through the security in order to drop off a ballot or to get 
the assistance if they have already printed out the form and 
done that.
    Of course, all of the materials that we print, from the 
guidebook to the forms to the various wallet cards and whatnot, 
are also provided to the State Department so they can--if 
someone gets a new passport, for instance, they will put the 
wallet card that says FVAP.gov in there, and then they will be 
able to have that.
    One key messaging point is that that MASCOT messaging I 
mentioned earlier, which is when you move to a country you sign 
up through the Department of State and say, I am living in this 
country, so that if there is a natural disaster or some other 
reason that they may need to evacuate Americans, they can send 
the messages quickly.
    One of the things they can do with those messaging is send 
out voting messages. They can use it for other things, and 
voting is one of those.
    Dr. Murphy. Yes. It sounds you all are doing a tremendous 
job. I am not quite sure what more you can do. You can lead a 
horse to water, but if people do not want to vote, they do not 
want to vote. If they are overseas, maybe they like living in 
the country that they are in and they identify more with the 
politics there than they do back home. Anyway, thank you.
    Let me ask you a couple other questions. As I mentioned, I 
have a lot of active-duty military that are oftentimes abroad, 
overseas. Can you talk about the FVAP's digital presence and 
how we are able to do that for turnout? How do we reach out to 
those individuals?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Yes, sir. We have an outreach campaign. We 
take advantage of paid, earned, shared and owned media, both in 
social media and online. We have efforts with the local 
election officials where we have like outreach toolkits that 
are digital, so that any individual that is with an overseas 
citizen organization, a State Department person or a military 
person can download those digital toolkits, and then on their 
own social media accounts----
    Dr. Murphy. Do you think those have--you know, given the 
technology age, what trends have you seen? Do you think those 
make a difference or are we still seeing the same trends in 
participation that we have seen historically?
    Mr. Wiedmann. The participation generally goes along with 
interest in the election. Part of the surveys that we do, we 
ask about what the individual's interest was in the election as 
well as their participation. You can see how it tracks over 
time. When the interest is high, participation is generally 
higher in the election.
    Dr. Murphy. Have those curves been pretty much identical 
over the last decades, interest, interest, interest?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Yes.
    Dr. Murphy. OK. You know, it just stands to reason. You 
know, people who are living abroad, if they have an interest 
back home, they are going to participate in something, 
especially a Presidential election. I can see, just like it 
does in the U.S. midterms, people, often they lose their 
interest. I will end with that.
    Thank you for your service. You are doing a great job. I 
mean, I do not know how else you can get to people other than 
go to their homes and, you know, offer them a ride, which we do 
not need to do. Thank you for your service.
    I yield back.
    Chairman Steil. The gentleman yields back.
    The gentlewoman from Texas, Ms. Johnson, is recognized for 
5 minutes.
    Ms. Johnson. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Thank you both for being here today.
    In April, my colleagues on the Republican side passed the 
SAVE Act, which further restricts married women, naturalized 
citizens, and our military members overseas from exercising 
their ability to vote.
    I want to specifically point out that this bill does not 
include any exemptions for our servicemembers and, instead, 
would require them to register to vote in person in the United 
States, creating a significant administrative and financial 
burden.
    I proposed an amendment to allow folks to register to vote 
by mail, which this country has been doing safely for decades. 
That amendment was voted down by Republicans on this Committee 
and again on the House floor. This is very troubling to me.
    I have some questions about, when our servicemembers enlist 
to serve in the military, are they automatically registered to 
vote?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Thank you, Representative Johnson.
    They are not automatically registered to vote. However, 
they are given the tools and training to know that they have 
the opportunity to vote, you know, once they are enlisted, they 
are on active duty.
    Ms. Johnson. Right.
    Mr. Wiedmann. Then they have those tools and resources.
    Ms. Johnson. If they are not registered to vote at the time 
they are enlisted, then they want to register to vote, under 
the SAVE Act they would be required to physically leave their 
station post abroad and fly to their home residential 
jurisdiction to register to vote. Is that correct?
    Ms. Clark. Thank you for the question.
    With the SAVE Act specifically, the Department will take 
that for the record with a formal response back.
    Ms. Johnson. I understand that. We passed that law so we 
know what the law is, and I understand your not really wanting 
to comment on it. I am trying to ask some questions about the 
practical applicability of that.
    Under that law, though, what hurdles would a servicemember 
have to do to get leave to be able to fly home and register to 
vote in their county if they wanted to exercise their right to 
vote if that bill ultimately succeeds?
    Ms. Clark. We will take that for the record.
    Ms. Johnson. Would they have to take leave to fly home?
    Ms. Clark. We will have to take that for the record.
    Ms. Johnson. I am sorry, what?
    Ms. Clark. We will have to take that for the record.
    Ms. Johnson. You are not going to answer my question?
    Ms. Clark. Due to the breadth and depth of the legislation, 
the Department will take it back and give you our formal 
protocol.
    Ms. Johnson. Well, my question is not taking it back for 
the record. My question is, what steps would a servicemember 
have to do to take a leave of absence to be able to come home 
to register to vote? What is involved in that?
    Ms. Clark. Yes, ma'am. It is outside of my portfolio when 
we are looking at the entitlement to the benefits to the 
specific servicemembers. I will have to take that back for the 
record.
    Ms. Johnson. OK. The--because I am just very troubled by 
that whole situation.
    The next question I have is, how many employees does FVAP 
currently have, and has this changed since January, and has the 
administration's Federal hiring freeze impacted FVAP's ability 
to conduct its mission?
    Mr. Wiedmann. We currently have seven employees, and we are 
able to carry out the requirements under UOCAVA.
    Ms. Johnson. Has your employees been reduced in force since 
January? Has that level changed since that time?
    Mr. Wiedmann. We have had a couple of our employees who 
have taken retirement packages.
    Ms. Johnson. How many employees of your agency took early 
retirement pursuant to the administration's RIF?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Three.
    Ms. Johnson. Three. You have seven. 30 percent of your 
workforce. Is that right?
    Mr. Wiedmann.
    [No verbal response.]
    Ms. Johnson. Do you need any additional resources or 
funding in order to carry out your mission?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Under the current resources and funding, we 
are able to carry out the requirements of the law.
    Ms. Johnson. OK. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to 
enter into the record a statement from Janessa Goldbeck, a 
Marine Corps veteran, former Voting Assistance Officer, and the 
CEO of Vet Voice Foundation, a nonpartisan organization of 
nearly 2 million veterans and military families nationwide.
    Chairman Steil. Without objection.
    [The statement referred to follows:]
    
    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    
    Ms. Johnson. Thank you. Thank you for your time, and I 
yield back.
    Chairman Steil. The gentlewoman yields back.
    The gentleman from Ohio, Mr. Carey, is recognized for 5 
minutes.
    Mr. Carey. I want to thank the chairman and thank the 
Ranking Member.
    You know, one of the greatest privileges we have as 
American citizens is the right to determine the direction of 
our country every 2 to 4 years.
    The Great American Experiment, which is closing in on our 
250th birthday, has proved that this right for all Americans, 
regardless of class, religion, race or creed. However, many of 
our citizens who are overseas find it difficult to participate 
in the State and local and Federal elections, particularly 
among our U.S. servicemembers.
    As a veteran myself, I find it critical that we give every 
opportunity for our military members to register for elections. 
That is why the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting 
Act and the Federal Voting Assistance Program are necessary to 
ensure that servicemembers who want to have their vote have the 
ability to actually vote.
    Now I am going to ask you just a couple quick questions. I 
am the last one to ask questions.
    Director and Dr. Clark, what metrics does the Federal 
Voting Assistance Program use to determine if the efforts to 
provide the opportunity for military and overseas voters to 
vote are successful?
    You can both go.
    Mr. Wiedmann. Thank you, Representative Carey.
    We look at the awareness of the program and the awareness 
of folks' ability to utilize the tools and resources available 
to them. We also ask the Voting Assistance Officers how well 
the materials that we provided, both the book itself and the 
online presence, if that was a useful tool for them. We usually 
get, you know, ratings in the 90's of people finding it useful 
as they are delivering voting assistance.
    Mr. Carey. Let me ask you, because you pointed to that book 
a couple of times. I know that we on this Committee are trying 
to make sure that we modernize the way things are done.
    The online presence with the information that is in the 
book is readily available to everybody, correct?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Correct. It is up to date. This book is 
printed every 2 years, because we want to make sure that we 
have something out there for folks who may not have internet 
access who are having a voting assistance or voting 
registration drive. They can refer to the book.
    The online information is updated real time. You know, we 
might have an election office in a particular Ohio county that 
changes their address, and we can get that updated on the 
website.
    Mr. Carey. Has FVAP increased its outreach and education to 
the U.S. servicemembers overseas, in your opinion?
    Mr. Wiedmann. We continually seek out new ways to reach out 
to folks that would fit and target folks directly, especially 
that 18-to 24-year-old cohort.
    Mr. Carey. OK. Let me ask the director and doctor. How many 
early prior to an election are the UOCAVA ballots sent to 
servicemembers? How many are usually sent out? Do you have any 
idea?
    Mr. Wiedmann. In the 2022 election, I believe there were 
754,000, yes, sent out. In the 2020 election, 1.2 million 
ballots were sent out to military and overseas voters.
    Mr. Carey. What is usually the timeframe that the 
servicemembers would get those ballots?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Depending on--so when they use the form, they 
say if they want the ballot to be delivered to them by mail or 
email or if a State has an online server that they can download 
it from. That is the voter's choice on how they want to receive 
that.
    The States have to provide the ballots 45 days before an 
election for Federal office. They will put it either in the 
mail or they will put them online and send an email to the 
voter saying, ``hey, your ballot is now available,'' and then 
they have that at that point.
    Mr. Carey. Historically, do you think this is enough time 
for a servicemember to receive and then cast their ballot to be 
counted in time on election day?
    Mr. Wiedmann. Based on the Military Postal Service Agency's 
recommended mailing dates, 30 days is the maximum time for 
folks aboard ship and deployed overseas. The 45 days should 
suffice.
    Mr. Carey. OK. Well, I want to thank you both for being 
here today.
    I want to again thank the chairman and the Ranking Member. 
With that, I yield back.
    Chairman Steil. The gentleman yields back.
    We thank both of our witnesses for being here today on a 
really important topic. I appreciate your work in the area. I 
think there is also room for improvement as we work to get more 
members to participate in the election process.
    Members of the Committee may have some additional 
questions. We ask you to please respond to those questions in 
writing.
    Without objection, each Member will have 5 legislative days 
to insert additional material into the record or to advise and 
extend their remarks.
    If there is no further business, I thank the Members for 
their participation. Without objection, the Committee stands 
adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 11:27 a.m., the Committee was adjourned.]

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