[House Hearing, 119 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                  STREAMLINED AND RIGHTSIZED: CONSOLIDATING 
                   STATE DEPARTMENT ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES
=======================================================================

                                HEARING

                                OF THE

                     SUBCOMMITTEE ON MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH 
                                 AFRICA

                               BEFORE THE

                      COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS
                     U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                             FIRST SESSION

                               __________

                             March 25, 2025

                               __________

                            Serial No. 119-8

                               __________

        Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs
        
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Available: http://www.foreignaffairs.house.gov, http://docs.house.gov, 
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                                __________

                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------                         
                       
                      COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS

                    BRIAN J. MAST, Florida, Chairman
                    
MICHAEL T. McCAUL, Texas             GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York, 
CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey         Ranking Member
JOE WILSON, South Carolina           BRAD SHERMAN, California
SCOTT PERRY, Pennsylvania            GERALD E. CONNOLLY, Virginia
DARRELL ISSA, California             WILLIAM R. KEATING, Massachusetts
TIM BURCHETT, Tennessee              AMI BERA, California
MARK E. GREEN, Tennessee             JOAQUIN CASTRO, Texas
ANDY BARR, Kentucky                  DINA TITUS, Nevada
RONNY JACKSON, Texas                 TED LIEU, California
YOUNG KIM, California                SARA JACOBS, California
MARIA ELVIRA SALAZAR, Florida        SHEILA CHERFILUS-McCORMICK, 
BILL HUIZENGA, Michigan                  Florida
AUMUA AMATA COLEMAN RADEWAGEN,       GREG STANTON, Arizona
    American Samoa                   JARED MOSKOWITZ, Florida
WARREN DAVIDSON, Ohio                JONATHAN L. JACKSON, Illinois
JAMES R. BAIRD, Indiana              SYDNEY KAMLAGER-DOVE, California
THOMAS H. KEAN, JR, New Jersey       JIM COSTA, California
MICHAEL LAWLER, New York             GABE AMO, Rhode Island
CORY MILLS, Florida                  KWEISI MFUME, Maryland
KEITH SELF, Texas                    PRAMILA JAYAPAL, Washington
RYAN K. ZINKE, Montana               GEORGE LATIMER, New York
JAMES C. MOYLAN, Guam                JOHNNY OLSZEWSKI Jr, Maryland
ANNA PAULINA LUNA, Florida           JULIE JOHNSON, Texas
JEFFERSON SHREVE, Indiana            SARAH McBRIDE, Delaware
SHERI BIGGS, South Carolina          BRADLEY SCOTT SCHNEIDER, Illinois
MICHAEL BAUMGARTNER, Washington      MADELEINE DEAN, Pennsylvania
RYAN MACKENZIE, Pennsylvania

              James Langenderfer, Majority Staff Director
                 Sajit Gandhi, Minority Staff Director
                                 ------                                

              SUBCOMMITTEE ON MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

                   Michael Lawler, New York, Chairman
JOE WILSON, South Carolina           SHEILA CHERFILUS-McCORMICK, 
DARRELL ISSA, California                 Florida, Ranking Member
TIM BURCHETT, Tennessee              BRAD SHERMAN, California
RONNY JACKSON, Texas                 GERALD E. CONNOLLY, Virginia
THOMAS KEAN, JR, New Jersey          WILLIAM KEATING, Massachusetts
RYAN ZINKE, Montana                  KWEISI MFUME, Maryland
MICHAEL BAUMGARTNER, Washington      GEORGE LATIMER, New York

               Sarah Miller, Subcommittee Staff Director
                        
                        
                        C  O  N  T  E  N  T  S

                              ----------                              

                            REPRESENTATIVES

                                                                   Page
Opening Statement of Subcommittee Chairman Michael Lawler........     1
Opening Statement of Subcommittee Ranking Member Sheila 
  Cherfilus-McCormick............................................     2

                               WITNESSES

Statement of Hon. Carrie B. Cabelka, Former Assistant Secretary, 
  Bureau of Administration, U.S. Department of State.............     4
  Prepared Statement.............................................     7
Statement of Ambassador Michael C. Polt, Former U.S. Ambassador 
  of Estonia, Serbia, and Montenegro, U.S. Department of State...    10
  Prepared Statement.............................................    12

                                APPENDIX

Hearing Notice...................................................    28
Hearing Minutes..................................................    29
Hearing Attendance...............................................    30

                        Questions for the Record

Questions submitted by Rep. Baumgartner to Carrie B. Cabelka.....    31
Questions submitted by Rep. Baumgartner to Michael C. Polt.......    32

 
      STREAMLINED AND RIGHTSIZED: CONSOLIDATING STATE DEPARTMENT 
                        ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES

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                        Tuesday, March 25, 2025

                  House of Representatives,
       Subcommittee on Middle East and North Africa
                              Committee on Foreign Affairs,
                                                    Washington, DC.

    The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:07 a.m., in 
room 2172 Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Michael Lawler 
(chairman of the subcommittee) presiding.
    Mr. Lawler. The Subcommittee on the Middle East and North 
Africa will come to order. The purpose of this hearing is to 
explore opportunities for streamlining the State Department's 
administrative services and understanding how it serves as a 
backbone of U.S. foreign policy operations.
    I now recognize myself for an opening statement.

          OPENING STATEMENT OF CHAIRMAN MICHAEL LAWLER

    Good morning and thank you to our witnesses for being here 
today. The last time Congress passed a comprehensive 
authorization of the State Department was in 2002, over 20 
years ago. Since then it has become common practice to 
reauthorize State Department programs within our legislative 
vehicles resulting in a complete lack of transparency on the 
process and a lack of oversight on what is really going on 
within the department.
    Well, we are trying something new this year. Over the next 
few months this committee will be using a microscope to examine 
the efficacy of the State Department and pass the first 
authorization in over two decades. This will allow Congress to 
exercise its constitutional oversight duties and ensure that 
executive agencies are being good stewards of U.S. taxpayer 
dollars, that every dollar and every diplomat is working in 
alignment with American foreign policy and its interests.
    My subcommittee has jurisdiction over the State 
Department's Near Eastern Affairs Bureau, the Counterterrorism 
Bureau, and the State's--State Department's Bureau of 
Management. This hearing, the first one of the subcommittee, 
focuses on M Branch, and more specifically the Bureau of 
Administration within M Branch. And I cannot think of a more 
appropriate place to begin.
    Simply put, the State Department would not be able to 
execute U.S. foreign policy missions without this vital 
administrative work. The Administrative side of M Branch is 
responsible for State's entire acquisitions, procurement, and 
logistics services. It oversees real property management for 
the State Department and even the department's library and 
knowledge management systems. Given the significance of these 
responsibilities the Bureau of Administration should execute 
its role with precision, prioritizing efficiency and 
effectiveness in its service delivery. However, that standard 
has not been upheld in its entirely.
    The Bureau of Administration has faced significant 
challenges from personnel attrition to long delays in standing 
up systems to poor management. And when the State Department's 
administrative services fail, so too does the State 
Department's ability to carry out the critical work of securing 
American interests and priorities abroad. And that is why we 
are here today, to gather more information on these 
shortcomings and explore how Congress can help.
    I think it is also important to point out the role that A 
Branch has in advancing efforts to improve cost-effectiveness 
and bring accountability to government spending. This bureau 
can be a force for good if we do the job right.
    The State Department allocates approximately 11 billion to 
13 billion annually on contracts for goods and services with 
the majority of expenditures occurring at the Washington level. 
As a nexus for the department's acquisitions and procurement 
the Bureau of Administration is uniquely positioned to advance 
new policies promoting cost-effectiveness and reform.
    From reevaluating contracting procedures and policies to 
ensuring we have the appropriate personnel in place to procure 
and oversee the acquisition of goods and services for the 
department, this subcommittee will examine every legislative 
avenue to ensure sharp and streamlined State Department 
spending procedures. I am confident this hearing will bring the 
subcommittee more clarity on the challenges faced by the Bureau 
of Administration's work and really where Congress can come in, 
work together in a bipartisan way, and make government more 
efficient for the American people.
    With that, I again thank our witnesses for being here and 
providing your testimony and I now recognize the ranking 
member, Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick for her opening remarks.

 OPENING STATEMENT OF RANKING MEMBER SHEILA CHERFILUS-McCORMICK

    Mrs. Cherfilus-McCormick. Thank you, Chairman Lawler. I 
want to start by taking a moment to thank all of the State 
Department Foreign Service, civil service contractors, and the 
local staff at home and abroad for your hard work and service 
to our country and the American people.
    The goal of the State Department are to advance our 
strategic interests abroad by countering adversaries like 
China, Russia, and Iran; help Americans who are overseas; and 
finally to protect and secure our Nation. When things go wrong 
abroad, when an American traveler gets in trouble, when someone 
needs a new passport, when top policymakers need information 
from the ground, you are there. You are our eyes and our ears 
and advocates abroad. Thank you for your hard work.
    I want to set the scene for what we are discussing today: 
streamlining and rightsizing the department and why is it so 
important? The State Department is not a business. We cannot 
afford to move fast and break things. This is not about 
building a social media app. The stakes are much higher. This 
is about protecting Americans' lives, keeping Americans who 
live and travel abroad, making sure that when your child 
decides to study abroad in Italy or Jordan or Vietnam, there is 
someone who will help them, someone they can call on.
    It is about ensuring our embassies and our consulates are 
safe through hard work about Diplomatic Security staff. It is 
about ensuring the next generation of Foreign Service officers 
are taught to be experts in their field, not yes men. It is 
about competing against our adversaries and coordinating with 
our allies, not the other way around. And yes, it is about 
ensuring the State Department has the management tools, 
administrative capacities, and people it needs to get the job 
done.
    My Republican colleagues would like you to believe that the 
Trump Administration is the first to want to streamline or 
rightsize the State Department and that it could be done--that 
it can't be done without DOGE. This is just plain wrong, as is 
the hallmark approach of DOGE use--which they use to break 
things first and ask questions later. Former Secretary of State 
Blinken began his tenure by laying out a modernization plan 
informed by actual data and input from Department employees on 
how to bring the department into the 21st Century and ensure it 
remains the world's premiere diplomatic workforce.
    Similarly, my Republican colleagues might paint the work of 
DOGE to slash agencies like the State and its workforce as a 
brave endeavor that Democrats have been unwilling to carry out, 
however DOGE's actions have been reckless and have hurt many 
innocent Americans.
    Congressional Democrats have repeatedly shown that we are 
ready and willing to engage in good faith, comprehensive, 
bipartisan State Department reform. Bipartisan State 
authorization efforts over the last few Congresses have yielded 
some real victories for the department, its workforce, and its 
ability to act in the best interest of the Adair Martinez. We 
remain ready to build on those successes and continue our good-
faith bipartisan efforts on State Department and modernization 
efforts to ensure our diplomats and missions abroad are well 
poised to meet today's threats.
    I want to join the chairman in welcoming our panel today. 
Thank you for your service and your dedication to this country 
and I look forward to our discussion.
    But, Mr. Chairman, I respectfully ask why this isn't a 
conversation that we are having with the administration itself? 
If Secretary Rubio and the administration are so proud of their 
work, where are they and why are they not here for questioning? 
If we are serious about working with the administration on 
their efforts to modernize the State Department including 
proposals to streamline and rightsize it, then we have to hear 
from them. I stand ready to have the conversation whenever they 
are ready.
    Let me be clear, I am not opposed to finding efficiencies 
and increasing effectiveness where we can, but we cannot do it 
recklessly in a way that cedes ground to our adversaries or 
that leaves American citizens high and dry. U.S. national 
security, American lives are on the line. We need to do this 
the right way and not the DOGE way.
    Nevertheless, I am grateful to our witnesses for being here 
to have this conversation and in the administration's absence 
and I look forward to the insight. I yield back.
    Mr. Lawler. Thank you to the ranking member.
    Other members of the committee are reminded that opening 
statements may be submitted for the record.
    We are pleased to have a distinguished panel of witnesses 
before us today on this important topic. The Honorable Carrie 
B. Cabelka, Former Assistant Secretary, Bureau of 
Administration, U.S. Department of State; Ambassador Michael C. 
Polt, Former U.S. Ambassador of Estonia, Serbia, and 
Montenegro, U.S. Department of State.
    This committee recognizes the importance of the issues 
before us and is grateful to have you here to speak with us 
today. Your full statements will be made part of the record and 
I will ask each of you to keep your spoken remarks to 5 minutes 
in order to allow time for member questions.
    I now recognize Ms. Cabelka for her opening statement.

                 STATEMENT OF CARRIE B. CABELKA

    Ms. Cabelka. Chairman Lawler, Ranking Member Cherfilus-
McCormick, members of the House----
    Mr. Lawler. Just turn on your microphone, please.
    Ms. Cabelka. Oh, is it not----
    Mr. Lawler. Thank you.
    Ms. Cabelka. Can you hear me better?
    Mr. Lawler. Now.
    Ms. Cabelka. Great. Chairman Lawler, Ranking Member 
Cherfilus-McCormick, members of the House Foreign Affairs 
Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa, and my fellow 
panelist Ambassador Polk, I am honored to be here speaking with 
you as we explore ways to streamline administrative services at 
the U.S. Department of State and I sincerely thank you for the 
invitation to be part of this conversation.
    I was fortunate to serve as the Assistant Secretary of 
State for Administration from 2019 to early 2021 and in a role 
that was established during the FDR Administration. Though the 
responsibilities of the Bureau of Administration have certainly 
evolved over the past 80 years, what has not changed is that 
the bureau has always worked tirelessly to support the entire 
department and U.S. diplomatic efforts around the globe.
    As the administrative backbone of the department the Bureau 
of Administration's portfolio covers everything from worldwide 
logistics, transportation, travel, privacy and records 
mandates, acquisition and procurement, domestic real property 
management, emergency management readiness, language 
interpretation and translation services, and support for 
international schools. With a workforce comprised of a 
combination of civil service, Foreign Service and contractors, 
the bureau manages overseas mail and diplomatic pouch, support 
for Presidential travel overseas, a global publishing shop, and 
allowances policy for all those serving abroad.
    In many ways the Bureau of Administration functions as a 
customer service organization with its customers being the 
other bureaus at the State Department, the 298 overseas posts, 
and even in some cases the employees of the State Department 
and other ICASS agencies themselves. The best known example of 
course being shipping home goods when people are moving abroad. 
And due to this customer service nature some of the 
Administration Bureau's divisions and programs have been able 
to run more as a business through the State Department's 
Working Capital Fund.
    One long-standing example of this is the Global Acquisition 
Division. The highly skilled and technical procurement team 
charges the other State Department bureaus a percentage fee of 
the overall procurement or contract cost to handle their 
acquisition work. In turn those fees are what pay for the 
salaries of the employee in the division and the office spaces 
in which they work.
    Why is this a smart choice for taxpayer dollars and a good 
business model? (1) It encourages bureaus to not--to seek out 
only the contracting work that they need, not spend all that 
they have in the bureau budgets as there is a fee attached; (2) 
it ensure that the procurement shop remains flexible in size 
and agile in how it assigns staff as it is based on demand and 
use by the State Department; and (3) it encourages the Global 
Acquisition Division to continue to look for ways to streamline 
and ever increase productivity with its work to keep its fees 
low as higher fees cause higher levels of customer 
dissatisfaction.
    The Acquisitions/Procurement Decision--Division has long 
served under the Working Capital Fund system, as have other 
parts of A, including logistics management and a new Working 
Capital Fund Service Center is being developed as we speak.
    While I was Assistant Secretary the real property 
management team and I were keenly aware of the age and 
deteriorating condition of several of our domestic facilities. 
This is not a unique story to the State Department as many 
government buildings are in similar situations. But we 
increased our focus on lifecycle maintenance projections and 
schedules for the work that needed to be done to ensure proper 
upkeep and repair of our facilities going forward.
    The team and I also pushed to complete long-standing 
projects that mattered to the people at the State Department 
and improved their quality and--and quality of their work 
environment. One notable project we completed was the opening 
of the D Street entrance at HST which has been closed for 12 
years and was the access point closest to the Foggy Bottom 
Metro. As you can guess, this matters quite a lot to the 
employees of the State Department on rainy, snowy, and windy 
days.
    Taking these efforts one step further, since I left the A 
Bureau at the A Bureau they have--the real property program 
developed with congressional approval a Working Capital Fund 
Center for its domestic facilities. All State Department 
bureaus are charged a fee for the square footage of the space 
that they occupy. Those fees go into a fund that handle 
operational and maintenance work, but also accrue funds for 
general facility lifestyle maintenance and repair work across 
fiscal years for things like roof replacement and updating 
electrical systems.
    This saves taxpayer dollars by: (1) ensuring routine 
maintenance and upkeep is done on our government properties and 
not letting issues go by the wayside until situations are so 
dire and costs are astronomical to fix them, and then of course 
potentially having to come to Congress to ask for additional 
funds; and (2) better understanding all the square footage that 
we have on hand, continually looking for ways to improve how 
the spaces are used, and as other bureaus are not going to want 
to spend more of their budget on fees for underutilized and 
unused space, when possible the State Department will be able 
to exit building leases that may no longer be needed therefore 
decreasing cost.
    Working Capital Funds have been a successful tool at the 
Bureau of Administration as they provide flexibility, cost 
saving, and responsiveness to the rest of the State Department, 
but technology is clearly another tool that the Bureau of 
Administration can further utilize to streamline its work.
    Like so many other government agencies and bureaus, the 
Administration Bureau is not alone in having aging IT systems. 
One of the biggest technological challenges in the A Bureau is 
the Integrated Logistics Management System, ILMS. ILMS is a 
product that works in tracking items that move from the United 
States to overseas and vice versa, following lifecycles of 
State Department vehicles, armored and otherwise, and is 
utilized in the audits of inventory at embassies of physical 
property.
    This work is vitally important. However, ILMS is costly. 
Technologies have advanced since the original development of 
ILMS many years ago and going forward it is important to 
transition this work to new and improved platforms to continue 
to provide the best logistical support for the department. I 
can also envision ways that technology can be helpful at the 
State Department including machine learning and AI to continue 
to streamline work in things like declassification and FOIA and 
helping overseas allowances and language services.
    I am happy to discuss this and much more, but now I want to 
turn the conversation over to you. There is so much good and 
vital work being done at the State Department and the Bureau of 
Administration. I know I have only scratched the surface this 
morning. I welcome your questions.
    [The prepared statement of Ms. Cabelka follows:]
    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    
    Mr. Lawler. Thank you, Ms. Cabelka.
    I know recognize Mr. Polk for his opening statement.

                  STATEMENT OF MICHAEL C. POLT

    Mr. Polt. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Chairman, Ranking 
Member Cherfilus-McCormick, and distinguished members of the 
subcommittee, I am pleased to testify before you today 
regarding updating and strengthening Americas diplomatic 
capabilities. I speak to you now as a private citizen, but one 
who has had the great privilege to serve our great country and 
the American people for 35 years in our diplomatic service. I 
have served six presidents and 11 secretaries of State, both 
Republican and Democrat, over the course of those 35 years.
    I offer to you a set of American diplomacy modernization 
ideas that a group of former colleagues and I published in 
September 2022, entitled ``Blueprints Toward a More Modern 
American Diplomacy.( Our proposals were supported by Arizona 
State University's Leadership, Diplomacy and National Security 
Lab, with the participation of the Una Chapman Cox Foundation 
and the American Academy of Diplomacy.
    Our efforts were guided by four firm commitments: First, to 
work in full transparency with the State Department, Congress, 
and the many communities interested in these issues. Second, 
strict bipartisanship. Third, we remain convinced that because 
the United States should have the world's most modern and able 
diplomatic service, the State Department must change to earn 
its place at the center of U.S. foreign policymaking and 
execution. And finally, we offered our blueprints to those 
currently serving our country's diplomacy at home and abroad.
    We addressed what we consider to be four important sectors 
of our Nation's diplomacy. Our recommendations are mainly 
Foreign Service-specific. They do not claim to deal with the 
full complexities of State Department operations or every 
element of potential State Department reorganization. What we 
have done is submit for consideration detailed descriptions of 
how to implement our four blueprints, including specific 
legislative and regulatory language. To the best of our 
knowledge this is the first time this has ever been done at 
this scale.
    Our four blueprints address: first, the mission and mandate 
of the Foreign Service in seeking enhanced authority, 
responsibility, and accountability for U.S. Ambassadors 
worldwide; holding U.S. diplomatic leadership, career or 
appointed from outside the Foreign Service, to the same high 
standard of foreign policy and international leadership 
expertise; third, empowering the State Department and the 
Foreign Service to play a more substantive role in the creation 
and implementation of U.S. foreign policy; and finally, 
fostering a stronger relationship between America's diplomats 
and the American public they serve.
    Second, we focused on professional education and training, 
defining, implementing, and sustaining an education and 
training complement for the Foreign Service that is about 8 
percent of its total workforce. We focused on investing in 
robust diplomatic education and training to secure a dedicated 
career workforce with critical professional knowledge including 
broad leadership and language skills. We focused on creating 
broad institutional expertise within the Foreign Service, both 
at home an through rotational opportunities abroad, to draw on 
whole-of-government and private sector capabilities. Finally, 
by prioritizing both mid-career continuing education and 
extending training for higher-level positions we sought to 
expand the pipeline of qualified leadership professionals.
    Third, we focused on a modern and strategically focused 
personnel system by creating and staffing nimble, multi-
functional teams and individuals positioned where they are 
needed, placing the right people in the right places in the 
right numbers with the right skills; developing a recruitment 
strategy directly targeting young, multi-skilled workforce best 
prepared to address rapidly progressing international 
challenges. And finally in this area, and a growing greater 
professional opportunities for family members who serve with 
our Foreign Service officers abroad as a ready additional asset 
pool for advancing U.S. interests.
    Finally, we propose the creation of a Diplomatic Reserve 
Corps. We seek to remedy the fact that the Department of State, 
in many ways America's first line of defense, has no ready, 
trained, and dedicated pool of reserves akin to the U.S. Armed 
Forces. We propose the development of a 1,000-person-strong 
reserve corps made up of retired State Department professionals 
and other subject matter experts from outside the government 
ready and able to move quickly in the event of natural 
disasters, political turmoil, or any emergency need.
    Finally, we offer these blueprints in support of an 
American diplomacy that is nimble, does not see creativity 
encumbered by perfunctory tradition, and that is deeply 
connected to the needs of the people it serves.
    Thank you for the opportunity to testify and I look forward 
to your questions.
    [The prepared statement of Mr. Polk follows:]
   [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    
    Mr. Lawler. Thank you, Mr. Polk.
    I now recognize myself for 5 minutes of questioning.
    Ms. Cabelka, in your own words can you describe the role 
and function of the Bureau of Administration? What is its 
mission? And during your tenure there what did you see as the 
biggest weakness within the bureau?
    Ms. Cabelka. Thank you for the question, Chairman Lawler. 
Like I said in my opening remarks, I really do feel like the 
Bureau of Administration is the administrative backbone of the 
State Department. Focuses on lots of operations that the State 
Department, both domestically and overseas, really needs to 
support the work that they are doing abroad. So everything from 
again moving people's home goods, to overseas school support, 
to language services. Also procurement, which we talked about 
already, both of us, in our opening remarks. That is obviously 
a vital part of providing services and additional support for 
the State Department. So I would say again it is the 
administrative backbone of the department.
    Again, as we--I mentioned, it has been around for 80 years 
and though it doesn't have typing pools any longer or call 
centers in the same way that it did, technology has certainly 
evolved and opportunities have certainly evolved for the State 
Department.
    I would say one of the biggest challenges that I had when I 
was at the State Department was the ILMS system that I 
mentioned in my opening remarks. It is a significant platform 
that really does track all of the logistical support for the 
State Department. Unfortunately, it is a pretty big platform 
that has been overly specialized over time and is very 
integrated. And I would say that the contract that it was 
originally placed on were very long contracts that have existed 
for a long time. And I think that as technology has improved 
that the ILMS project should move onto new technological 
platforms that can support that effort going further.
    Mr. Lawler. I appreciate that. In the work that we are 
doing now, especially considering that Congress has not 
undertaken this responsibility in two decades, what do you see 
as some of the considerations that we should make in assessing 
the efficiency and effectiveness of the current organization of 
the bureau?
    Ms. Cabelka. Sure. So like I mentioned, a lot of the 
State--a lot of the Bureau of Administration actually does 
already operate under an efficiency-type model. And the fact 
that when you work in a revolving fund space or in a Working 
Capital Fund, you always want to make sure that you do not go 
into the red. And there are several lines of effort at the 
State Department, not just in the Bureau of Administration, 
that work in a Working Capital Fund, like the Consular Affairs 
work that you see.
    I think something that is very smart about it is that it 
allows the staff to be agile, going where the demand is, the 
demand from within the State Department, which is what the 
A's--which is what A's focus is most certainly. But places like 
Consular Affairs can look to the outside and see what the 
demand is for their needs of staffing and their needs of 
effort.
    So I think one thing that people should certainly look at 
is are there Working Capital Fund opportunities within the 
State Department that they can look to to make sure that they 
really are rightsized already. And again, making sure that your 
program doesn't go into the red versus asking Congress for more 
money is certainly a way that people can do that.
    Mr. Lawler. So A Bureau is responsible for domestic 
operations and emergency services at the department. Can you 
explain to us what that encompasses and how it differs from the 
Bureau of Diplomatic Security's role?
    Ms. Cabelka. Sure. The----
    Mr. Lawler. For instance, why is Emergency Services 
planning and operations for domestic and foreign incidences 
split into two different bureaus?

    Ms. Cabelka. Sure. So Emergency Management Services and the 
Bureau of Administration is actually more focused on COOP and 
COG, so continuing operations, both of government and of 
operations at the State Department. So it is more of a domestic 
focus. So thinking of things like active shooter unfortunately 
and other topics like that. But also obviously emerging health 
crises. Obviously emergency management was used a lot during 
COVID. Obviously there was also a lot of efforts that were done 
internationally on COVID as well. But the focus is more 
domestic.
    I cannot speak to why Emergency Management Services was 
originally put into the A bureau, but it has been there a long 
time. I can certainly do that. And again, it is a slightly 
different focus than Diplomatic Security, however they do work 
very closely together.
    Mr. Lawler. That was my next question. They are 
coordinating between emergency planning with Diplomatic 
Security officials?
    Ms. Cabelka. Most certainly.
    Mr. Lawler. Okay. Are there gaps in funding personnel or 
technology that hinder effective emergency coordination between 
A Bureau and Diplomatic Security?
    Ms. Cabelka. I can't speak to Diplomatic Security as I 
never worked in that bureau, but I can say Emergency Management 
Services, we never had a shortfall.
    We actually did update the notification system when I was 
in the A Bureau from and outdated system. And that is basically 
so people--employees can call in if there is an active shooter 
situation, checking in, making sure people know where they are 
during a weather emergency, or those sorts of things for the 
State Department to be able to head counts. So that is a system 
that was updated when I was at the State Department, but I 
don't remember there being any financial problems when I was 
there.
    Mr. Lawler. Okay. I now recognize the ranking member, 
Representative Cherfilus-McCormick from Florida for 5 minutes.
    Mrs. Cherfilus-McCormick. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Thank you again for all your service to our country. My 
question is for Ambassador Polk, and for your continued 
service.
    I wanted to know about some of the cuts that we are seeing. 
Can you talk about some ways to reform the department and 
better position this workforce: Foreign Service, civil service, 
contractors, and local staff to advance America's interests? 
And do you feel that these policies of this administration so 
far have strengthened or--our workforce or have weakened it?
    Mr. Polk. Thank you, Ranking Member Cherfilus-McCormick. I 
want to be very careful in reasserting one of the key 
principles of the work that my colleagues and I did in this 
Blueprints for a Modern--More Modern U.S. Diplomatic Service in 
our commitment to strict bipartisanship.
    I do not wish to criticize or praise the administration in 
the current form or a past administration or criticize it, but 
I want to emphasize the important principles of--that our 
diplomacy serves and how one can approach the important aspects 
of modernizing it for 21st Century demands of international 
affairs. And in that context I think it is very important, and 
I am grateful to this committee for looking at the Foreign 
Service, looking at the State Department and its functions to 
see if they are still the most effective way to deliver the 
services to the American people whom they serve.
    So the one thing that I would advocate is something that 
you mentioned in your opening statements, and that is to go 
ahead and look at the functions, as are you are doing, of the 
Department of State, both civil and Foreign Service and our 
workforce abroad, to see where they meet the mission of the 
administration's foreign policy. And the administration's 
foreign policy that we are so--that we right now focused on is 
this administration's foreign policy, not previous ones; not 
here to criticize or to praise, but simply to follow the 
President's instructions to make his foreign policy the most 
effective for America and for the American people. That is my 
opinion as a 35-year non-partisan Foreign Service officer is--
it should not be a political issue, nor a partisan issue, but 
simply one that supports America in the achievement of its 
goals.
    Mrs. Cherfilus-McCormick. Specifically my concern has been 
with our global diplomatic footprint. We have seen that we have 
actually lost ground as compared to China. And so I want to 
make sure that we are keeping our priorities and our goals 
front and center as we are making decisions and that these 
decisions are actually strengthening us or bringing us into a 
place where we are actually gaining ground when it comes to 
that diplomatic footprint.
    So in that context do you believe that the suggested cuts 
right now would actually lead us toward the goal of expanding 
our diplomatic footprint or do you believe that it actually is 
having us in this continued regression?
    Mr. Polk. Thank you for the question. I will give you my 
opinion and hope that it finds some resonance in your concerns. 
I firmly believe that the United States can afford roughly 1 
percent of the Federal budget on its diplomatic workforce to 
go--to present a universally present American diplomacy in 
every part of the world. I do not think that it is something 
that is too expensive for the American people to support in 
terms of all the functions you mentioned in your opening 
statement and all the concerns that the chairman mentioned in 
terms of the efficient operation of our foreign affairs 
bureaucracy.
    I would not cut back on our presence around the world no 
matter how--in our consulates nor in our embassies simply 
because there are other competitors out there who are perfectly 
willing to fill the vacuum that we leave when we depart. And I 
can assure that I have served in huge embassies abroad from 
Mexico City to Berlin, Germany to very small embassies in 
Estonia and in other places around the world where the presence 
of the United States was always the central point of focus for 
both the host country and other diplomatic representations from 
other countries to see the American Embassy as the most 
effective and the most efficient diplomatic service there. 
Whenever they had questions about how to deal with the 
diplomatic challenges of that region and of that country, they 
would first come to the U.S. Embassy. I think this is something 
that we would want to preserve.
    Mrs. Cherfilus-McCormick. So I want to shift toward 
solutions before my time runs out. Are there any things you 
would recommend that would help us actually gain ground on our 
diplomatic footprint?
    Mr. Polk. The one thing that I really think would be really 
important, I would hope that you would take a very close look 
at, is our proposal for a Diplomatic Reserve Corps. When we 
deal with emergencies around the world, be they in Afghanistan, 
be they in Europe, be they in any part of the world, in Africa, 
be they in--whatever places would it be, we do not have a ready 
surge capacity in the State Department to meet those 
contingencies. And what happens is you have to take people from 
existing positions around the world, take them out of those 
positions and send them to the area of greatest need.
    Fair enough, we do what we have to do, but that is not an 
efficient way to handle crises when a surge capacity is 
desperately needed. So creating this 1,000-person reserve 
corps, ready, trained and cleared, and able to be deployed 
whenever we need them, wherever we need them is something that 
we strongly urge the committee consider.
    Mrs. Cherfilus-McCormick. Thank you. I believe.
    Mr. Lawler. Thank you to the ranking member and thank you, 
Mr. Polk, for your testimony.
    I now recognize the Chairman Emeritus of the Middle East 
and North Africa Subcommittee, the gentleman from South 
Carolina, Mr. Wilson, for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Wilson. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Indeed, Ambassador Polk, thank you for your service. It is 
really inspiring to have known that--your service in Estonia, 
in Serbia, Montenegro. Then find out Mexico City and Berlin. It 
just never ends. Thank you very much.
    With that in mind, I am so grateful for your association 
with McCain Institute. I had the wonderful opportunity to 
campaign--it was hard--at Hilton Head Island for Senator McCain 
when he was running for President. And then I was grateful to 
be with him and Senator Lindsey Graham and Joe Lieberman 
campaigning in New York City. Mike Lawler gave me a visa to be 
there briefly. And so then over and over again Senator McCain--
what an inspiration. Each year at the Munich Security 
Conference, he played such a role. And indeed he was referenced 
at the conference again this year as to his role that he has 
made. And so I wish you well in our service.
    With that in mind, in 2012 the GAO reported that State had 
made limited progress in containing costs to providing 
administrative costs. It did not reduce the need for American 
administrative costs overseas which cost more than local staff. 
Do you have any suggestions on how to reengineer the 
administrative processes and seek innovative managerial 
approaches to improve cost-effectiveness?
    Mr. Polk. Mr. Wilson, thank you very much for your 
question. I will--please, I will give you my answer, but of 
course I will defer to my colleague here who is got much more 
expertise in those specifics. But I will give you my response 
from my experience of 35 years of being the beneficiary of the 
administrative services that the A Bureau and other colleagues 
at the State Department provided.
    I must say that the overall support that the State 
Department provides both to its foreign and civil service and 
its locally employed staff is excellent. People try very, very 
hard to go ahead and make us capable to provide the services 
that we are to provide for the American people in whatever 
function we serve: political, economic, public affairs work, 
consular work, or the management staff of the embassy.
    So overall I think we all deserve to give gratitude and 
applause to our colleagues who provide the services.
    Now that said, I must say that I have been over my time in 
the State Department involved in a few efforts previous to the 
current undertaking that I did with some of my former 
colleagues to try and streamline our overall bureaucratic 
processes. And I will give you one example that I think is--I 
once was proposed and I was quickly shot down, but one that I 
would like to offer here for your consideration.
    For instance, our travel management system. To travel for--
as you probably learned from your own experience, to travel for 
the U.S. Government can be a very complex enterprise. It 
becomes very, very difficult to arrange, very complex to do, 
and I would argue costly to maintain and to then cross-check 
once you have accomplished it.
    I once proposed something totally revolutionary which I 
think would save the government a lot of money and make it much 
simpler to go ahead and undertake the vast amount of travel 
that the State Department particularly has to engage in. And 
that is a totally no-fault travel system where the U.S. 
Government simply says, Mike Polt, you are being sent to U.S. 
Embassy Berlin. You are to report to your supervisor on date X 
and you are serving there for 3 years. The State Department has 
figured out that that costs so much money for you to go ahead 
and afford to make that travel coach class, American carrier, 
all those rules. We have deposited this amount of money in your 
bank account. Report to your supervisor. Have a safe trip. End. 
Over. Out.
    There is nothing further that needs to be checked, nothing 
further that needs to--no additional bureaucracy that needs to 
be deployed. You can just go ahead and do that. We could save 
ourselves a number of positions and expenses if we did away 
with some of those people who----
    Mr. Wilson. Thank you for that suggestion. I saw Chairman 
Lawler write that done to forward it ahead.
    Madam Secretary, as a former real eState attorney it is 
always intriguing to me, real eState owned particularly by the 
U.S. Government. And there are some properties that are 
underutilized. What is being done to determine the ability to 
divest properties that are not needed worldwide?
    Ms. Cabelka. Sure. So I can certainly speak to domestic 
facilities because Overseas Building Operations is the bureau 
that is responsible for the properties that are overseas that 
are owned by the State Department.
    As I mentioned in my opening remarks, one of the things 
that the Real Property group is doing in the Bureau of 
Administration is working under a Working Capital Fund in the 
idea that if you charge other bureaus at the State Department 
for the space that they occupy, whether they use it well or if 
it is underutilized or potentially not used at all, that they 
will not want to incur those fees charged to them by the Real 
Property Management team, and therefore find ways to use the 
space more efficiently going forward. And if the space is 
unused, be willing to give up that space and give it back to 
GSA, who we all know is the landlord of the majority of the 
domestic facilities that the State Department operates out of.
    So I think that is really a good way to really make sure 
you know what square footage you actually have. It is 
surprising how many government agencies don't even know the 
footprint that they necessarily possess.
    Mr. Wilson. Thank you for your efforts.
    Ms. Cabelka. No problem.
    Ms. Wilson. I yield back.
    Mr. Lawler. Thank you, Mr. Wilson.
    I now recognize for 5 minutes the distinguished gentleman 
from Tennessee, Mr. Burchett.
    Mr. Burchett. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Thank you all for being here. You don't have to adjust your 
mics. This is the way we talk in East Tennessee. It is the only 
place in America where people don't speak with an accent. So 
thank you all. I never know what Lawler is saying. I just look 
at him. If our eyes meet, I figure he is talking to me, but I 
can't never figure out what the heck he is saying.
    Mr. Lawler. What did you just say?
    Mr. Burchett. Yes. See, there you go. Hey, leave the comedy 
to me, Lawler.
    Anyway, Mr. Chairman, could you give me the--I am sorry, 
not Mr. Chairman, but--now you got me all confused. Could one 
of you all tell me the role and the function of the Bureau of 
Administration and what services does it specifically provide 
to the State Department? Just give it to me from the heart. You 
don't have to read something, ma'am. Just tell me what you 
think. How about that?
    Ms. Cabelka. Sure. So I would say the A Bureau is certainly 
a collection of interesting operational functions that work at 
the--that are the backbone of the State Department and the 
operational services there.
    So again, as mentioned, travel services is certainly one of 
those, but logistics management is a big category. Records 
management and privacy mandates and FOIA is another one that 
people obviously think of. Contracting and procurement is a 
huge part of what the A Bureau does. And then real property is 
certainly
    [inaudible]. But we also oversee the Overseas School 
Program, which--making sure that those that serve overseas with 
their families, that their children can be--can attend schools 
that are up to U.S. standards and give them the support that 
they need for the education of their children.
    We also do things like language interpretation and 
translation. It is far and wide. I kind of always make the 
joke--there was this old Life cereal commercial, like, ``Give 
it to Mikey; he'll eat it.''
    Mr. Burchett. ``He'll eat it,'' yes.
    Ms. Cabelka. The A Bureau is kind of that model, quite 
frankly. It is the place that lots of little programs that 
maybe a lot of people don't think about go that support the 
State Department at as whole.
    Mr. Burchett. All right. Sir, would you add or detract 
anything from that?
    Mr. Polt. Well, the first thing I would like to add, Mr. 
Burchett, is that I appreciate the way you talk because I am a 
graduate of the University of Tennessee at Knoxville despite my 
accent which is obviously not from Tennessee.
    Mr. Burchett. Go Vols. What year was that?
    Mr. Polt. 1977.
    Mr. Burchett. Okay.
    Mr. Polt. The year I joined the Foreign Service.
    Mr. Burchett. Let's see, I was--wait. Yes, 1997. No, my dad 
was dean of student conduct back then. I doubt he saw you then 
either. You were probably one of those overachievers. But he 
also had the Freshman Honor Society, so I don't know if that--
he saw you there either.
    Let me skip around a little bit. Do you think that the 
State Department is maintaining facilities that provide little 
or no benefit to its diplomatic mission? Because I know we are 
looking into a lot now at waste and things. And I don't want 
you to be critical, but I would like to know if you could see 
some efficiencies there.
    Mr. Polt. I will speak from my perspective. Of course I am 
happy to have my colleague be much more specific because she 
was in charge of the real eState of the department.
    I know that there is a plan or at least some consideration 
being given right now to streamlining our overseas presence in 
terms of do we need to have consulates in various parts of 
various countries? Can we close smaller posts? Can we go ahead 
and create more efficiencies by not being everywhere?
    First of all, I would certainly recommend and advocate that 
we maintain the principle of universality in terms of being 
present in every country in which the United States has 
diplomatic relations. That does not mean that we have to have a 
gigantic presence or that we have to have multiple consulates 
in the same country, but the embassy can be the focal point of 
the U.S. diplomatic presence and representing U.S. interests.
    So in that context, taking a close look at the multiple 
consulate posts we might have in certain countries particularly 
in the more advanced countries or the more modern parts of the 
world, and also whether every agency that is represented 
overseas needs to be overseas to go ahead and perform the 
function on behalf of the American people. In other words, does 
every agency right now that has a perch in certain places--can 
it be done from either regional offices or can it be done from 
back in the United States versus having it done in overseas 
locations?
    So in that sense I think it is very worthwhile to look at 
efficiencies, not to sort of say no, we have to have everything 
just the way it is. But I would always do it with the 
consideration of let's not move the United States out of 
countries altogether in which we know that Chinese and other 
interests will very quickly fill the vacuum that we leave 
behind.
    Mr. Burchett. Real quick. You mentioned Chinese. Something 
I have a real passion for, and I am not sure if it is with you 
all or not, is reclaiming desert areas. All across the 
continent of Africa--everybody thinks Africa is a country; it 
is a continent. But they are reclaiming the desert through a 
process or several processes. Don't need to go into it. And I 
am wondering is that a function that you all would help 
facilitate through grants or something like that?
    Mr. Polt. In other words, the question being would we----
    Mr. Burchett. If we don't do it, the Chinese are going to 
do it.
    Mr. Polt. In other words, should we be competing everywhere 
in the world including on the area that you just mentioned 
right now? My strong recommendation is categorically so. We 
should not let Belt and Road be the effort that sort of----
    Mr. Burchett. Okay.
    Mr. Polt [continuing]. rules the roost around the world 
without the United States being present particularly----
    Mr. Burchett. I am way over my time, but if you all know 
somebody who is involved with that, if you all could get with 
me I would really love to be involved in that.
    Mr. Polt. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Burchett. It is not worth a vote for me, but I could 
sleep well at night knowing that we did something.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I am way over, but thank you, 
brother.
    Mr. Lawler. Just a wee bit. Thank you, Mr. Burchett.
    I now recognize for 5 minutes the gentleman from New 
Jersey, Mr. Kean.
    Mr. Kean. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Thank you to our witnesses for being here today. As the 
administration considers ways to improve the efficiency of U.S. 
Government overseas operations we must determine the best 
approach for providing support services to the various agencies 
stationed at embassies and consulates.
    GAO has found increasing participation in the International 
Cooperative Administrative Support Services System can lead to 
economies of scale and cost savings. It also noted that 
Congress should consider requiring agency participation in 
ICASS unless a valid business case justifies an exemption.
    Can you explain the benefits and the challenges that might 
require the State Department to participate in ICASS? Thank 
you.
    Mr. Cabelka. Hi. Thank you for the question. Right, the 
ICASS system is something that is well known to people that 
serve overseas. And obviously it is a voluntary participation 
by not only the State Department, but also the other 
departments that potentially have people that are serving 
overseas and it provides an administrative backbone of the 
services that are provided overseas at embassies. I think the 
big question that kind of is outstanding is should it be 
voluntary by the agencies that don't participate in it or do 
participate in it? And I think that that is a good question.
    I do think that generally consolidating services, which the 
A Bureau does not only for the State Department but for a lot 
of other agencies, like in delivering mail to people at their 
posts overseas and moving all of their home goods and their 
office supplies and making sure that those are done in a 
consolidated manner--I think ICASS participation being 
voluntary is tricky, but it is a way to split costs also 
between different agencies that participate in it.
    So if you do work at the Peace Corps and you have got some 
folks that are at the embassy in a particular country, then 
they also participate in paying for the postal work that is 
done there and not having their own Peace Corps agency pay for 
that independently. So obviously there are some cost savings 
there. I do think it is a good idea for Congress to look into 
it. I know that there was a GAO report I think back in 2012 
that talked about this, so this is obviously even a topic that 
has been around.
    The ICASS system actually is run primarily out of MSS, so 
kind of the think tank part of the State--the Bureau under the 
management family, so--but obviously the Bureau of 
Administration has great involve with--involvement with it 
specifically in the logistics management space.
    Mr. Kean. So you prefer a voluntary or a mandatory?
    Ms. Cabelka. It is currently voluntary.
    Mr. Kean. I know that.
    Ms. Cabelka. I think the recommendation----
    Mr. Kean. I know that. I am asking----
    Ms. Cabelka [continuing]. by the GAO was to have it not be 
voluntary.
    Mr. Kean. And what is your response to that?
    Ms. Cabelka. Again, it is a percentage of number of people 
that participate in it for other agencies, so having other 
people pay into that system makes sense because it is based on 
the size of how you participate at the embassy. Obviously the 
State Department is usually the largest member of that team, so 
we obviously pay the largest share, but obviously there are 
other organizations. Again, Peace Corps is just one. There is 
quite a few that have people overseas. Did is also one that 
participates.
    Mr. Kean. Thank you. Ambassador?
    Mr. Polt. I would vote for making it mandatory simply 
because if we are all over there for the same team working for 
the same American people, the most efficient way to do it is 
for one agency to go ahead and provide these services that my 
colleague is proposing. So I think if you are going to be 
overseas officially for the U.S. Government, I think you should 
participate in this system.
    Mr. Kean. Thank you, both. If U.S. agencies including the 
State Department reduce their presence overseas, it may be even 
more difficult to gain economy of scale in providing 
administrative services at the post level. What are some 
options to help contain the administrative costs for a reduced 
footprint?
    Ms. Cabelka. I think I understand the question. Are you 
asking if there are some places that maybe consulates no longer 
exist how do you still provide economies of scale for 
administrative services? Is that correct?
    Mr. Kean. [No response.]
    Ms. Cabelka. Yes, I think regionalization, which is 
something that my colleague here on the panel mentioned as 
well--I think that is a good idea. There are examples of 
regionalization of lots of services. For example, in Bangkok it 
is a service where there is a lot of financial processing that 
is handled out of the embassy there. For logistics management 
and shipping we--the A Bureau has a pretty big presence at some 
ports in Europe as well.
    So I still think there is some regionalization that is 
possible.
    So in the area of procurement I know the A Bureau has an 
operation in Germany. I don't know that it is always the most 
cost-effective because German labor laws are a little 
challenging and sometimes cause things to be a little more 
expensive. But I think there are some regional ways that you 
can do certain administrative aspects in regional parts of the 
[inaudible].
    Mr. Kean. Without compromising effectiveness?
    Ms. Cabelka. I don't think so. With technology the way that 
it is now, I don't tend to think so. I mean, you can have a 
procurement officer in Germany doing work for a country in 
Africa and I don't see there being any down side. I think also 
if COVID taught us anything, that there are some things that 
can be done remotely and done in other places and people can be 
responsive that way.
    Mr. Kean. Thank you.
    Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Mr. Lawler. Thank you, Representative Kean.
    I now recognize for 5 minutes the distinguished gentleman 
and former Secretary of the Interior, the gentle from Montana, 
Mr. Zinke, for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Zinke. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and just a couple 
comments as we go through. I would think that if you use the 
services, you ought to pay the freight. Whether it is mandated 
or not, there might be more efficient--let those guys figure it 
out. But if they use the services, certainly I think they 
should pay the freight. I think that is fair.
    Mr. Ambassador, looking through and listening to your 
testimony I am interested when you say enhanced authority. That 
seems to be a theme throughout. No doubt individuals traveling 
around. As my experience as a commander I think that everyone 
works for somebody. So they give carte blanche I think probably 
to the Ambassador, or the RSO is probably the guy that would 
approve such things.
    But explain to me when you say enhanced authority. What do 
you mean by that?
    Mr. Polt. Thank you, Mr. Zinke. Since the Ambassadors--our 
Ambassadors serve as representatives of the President of the 
United States around the world. And they are charged by the 
President in these--what we call the chief of mission letters 
by every President in every administration that give the 
Ambassador the instruction you are in charge of all U.S. 
official government activities in your country of assignment 
and you have all these responsibilities and accountability for 
their safety and for the performance of their duties.
    I found that over the years in my experience and also my 
experience as Ambassador that more and more there has been this 
effort to have to refer back to Washington for permission to go 
ahead and do your job that has been very clearly outlined for 
you already by the President in the President's letter and 
[inaudible].
    Mr. Zinke. Well, and to your point, we are talking about 
regionalization, right? In my experience you have to be very, 
very careful when you regionalize. Because oftentimes rather 
than you regionalize a service, you regionalize authority. And 
that line is probably--because it does create a bureaucracy. So 
when you say authority, do you have specific authorities that 
you think that we can push the State Department to give to 
Ambassadors?
    Mr. Polt. I think we should go ahead and let the 
Ambassadors perform the function that the President and through 
his(through the Secretary of State from the President have been 
given to the Ambassador in very clear format and not ask for 
our chiefs of mission to have to refer back to Washington for 
the functions which they have already been authorized and to 
make sure that they have the authority to not only perform 
their mission, but also to be the risk managers and the risk 
absorbers for functions abroad.
    The example I would like to give you is you know that many 
of our embassies nowadays are very heavily secured and 
fortified to make sure that our staff stay safe. That is a 
smart and prudent idea. At the same time you can't do diplomacy 
from behind a fortified wall. You have to come out and meet the 
people to go ahead and engage with host country to go ahead and 
take a certain amount of prudent risk in performance of your 
duty.
    Our Ambassadors need to be authorized to go ahead and 
absorb that risk prudently, to hold themselves accountable for 
taking those risks, but to go ahead and get their staffs to be 
able to accomplish their mission and not to be so risk-averse 
that we can't get the job done.
    Mr. Zinke. In your experience do you find it frustrating on 
our procurement process? It seems that you have the operator 
that knows what he wants, the vendor who basically knows how to 
manufacture it, but we put a third entity called the 
contracting officer in charge. Is there frustration in the 
State Department like there is within the Department of Defense 
on timeliness of procurement?
    Mr. Polt. Certainly there is. Let me be honest. Of course 
there is. At the same time we realize that everybody cannot be 
his or her own procurement officer. You have to have a process 
that is fair, that is clearly delineated, and that can--that is 
accountable to the money being wisely spent.
    At the same time you know that sometimes it takes much too 
long to procure things. Often we work on budgets where there 
are restrictions all the way through the end--to the end of the 
fiscal year. And suddenly at the end of the Fiscal Year you 
said, my God, you better go out there and buy some 
refrigerators and some various other things because very 
quickly the money needs to be spent. It would be better if we 
had a more logical and more predictable procurement process 
throughout the entire fiscal year.
    Mr. Zinke. You seem very articulate for a Sun Devil. I 
played for the Ducks, just for the matter of record.
    Mr. Polt. Two best teams.
    Mr. Zinke. All right. And let me ask you, if this 
committee--if you could say we are going to focus on one thing, 
to fix one thing within the span and the authority of this 
committee, what would you pick?
    Mr. Polt. The one I already picked, sir, and that is--the 
one is--I really think you should give serious consideration 
for creating this Diplomatic Reserve Corps. Create that body of 
surge capacity for the United States, not just for the State 
Department, for the United States, to meet overseas 
contingencies on a diplomatic basis that we currently do not 
have. With the State Department positions already being vastly 
understaffed by current projections of about 13 percent of 
positions around the world not being filled, in order for us to 
go ahead and meet emergencies it becomes a really dire 
situation to be able to meet those.
    Mr. Zinke. Thank you. And thank you both for your service.
    Mr. Chairman, I yield.
    Mr. Polt. Thank you, sir.
    Mr. Lawler. Thank you, Representative Zinke.
    Mr. Polt, I just wanted to go back and drill down a little 
bit on the Diplomatic Reserve Corps concept that you have put 
forth. I certainly think there is great value in it. Obviously 
when then are flare-ups around the world, being able to have 
some type of surge capacity, if you will, and get a Diplomatic 
Reserve Corps there on the ground who has experience, 
especially in specific geographic areas--I certainly see the 
value in it.
    How would you see that functioning within M Branch or A 
Branch? Within the State Department how would you see that set 
up and what is it that you think Congress should do to help get 
that on track?
    Mr. Polt. Thank you, sir. Mr. Chairman, the--we have 
proposed a 4-year ramp-up period of basically recruiting 250 
individuals for over a 4-year period until you reach the 1,000-
person mark. Where it would be situated in the department, I 
suppose the right place would be in the M family simply because 
M provides the overall umbrella for all of the platform 
services for our functioning both at home and abroad.
    At the same time I think it would have to have the kind of 
rigor that our Military Reserve Services has in terms of once 
you sign up for this and once you are trained for this and 
cleared for this--in other words, the U.S.--the American people 
have invested in you to go ahead and be ready--you have to also 
sign up to a commitment that when you are called, you go, 
meaning that the next time we have to have a surge of let's say 
a consular function in Doha from the--after the departure from 
Afghanistan, that you--that--and you are now a trained consular 
officer and you said we need 100 of you to go ahead and go to 
Doha and you need to leave this weekend, you get on the plane 
and you go.
    In other words, it has to have the kind of rigor that is 
not traditionally used in the State Department parlance. We 
need to have the kind of discipline and the kind of requirement 
that once we invest in this that it actually does happen when 
we need you. That is the most important part.
    One of the concerns that I have heard in the past is we 
can't enforce that kind of rigor in the State Department. We 
are not military. I would beg to differ. I think we can.
    Mr. Lawler. Appreciate that.
    Okay. Well, I appreciate you all coming here today and 
providing your testimony. I thank the witnesses for their 
valuable testimony and the members for their questions. The 
members of the subcommittee may have some additional questions 
for the witnesses and we will ask you to respond to these in 
writing.
    Pursuant to committee rules all members may have 5 days to 
submit statements, questions, and extraneous materials for the 
record subject to the length limitations.
    Without objection, the committee stands adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 11:06 a.m., the subcommittee was adjourned.]

                                APPENDIX

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               Material Submitted for the Hearing Record
               
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