[House Hearing, 119 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]



                   DECADES OF DYSFUNCTION: RESTORING  
                         ACCOUNTABILITY AT HUD

=======================================================================



                                HEARING

                               before the

                     SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND  
                             INVESTIGATIONS

                                 of the

                    COMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES 
                     U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                             FIRST SESSION
                               __________

                             APRIL 8, 2025
                               __________

                           Serial No. 119-13

       Printed for the use of the Committee on Financial Services





               [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]





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59-943 PDF                 WASHINGTON : 2025                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            
                            





























                            
                            
                            
                            
                 HOUSE COMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES

                    FRENCH HILL, Arkansas, Chairman

BILL HUIZENGA, Michigan, Vice        MAXINE WATERS, California, Ranking 
  Chairman                             Member
FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma             SYLVIA R. GARCIA, Texas, Vice 
PETE SESSIONS, Texas                   Ranking Member
ANN WAGNER, Missouri                 NYDIA M. VELAZQUEZ, New York
ANDY BARR, Kentucky                  BRAD SHERMAN, California
ROGER WILLIAMS, Texas                GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York
TOM EMMER, Minnesota                 DAVID SCOTT, Georgia
BARRY LOUDERMILK, Georgia            STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts
WARREN DAVIDSON, Ohio                AL GREEN, Texas
JOHN W. ROSE, Tennessee              EMANUEL CLEAVER, Missouri
BRYAN STEIL, Wisconsin               JAMES A. HIMES, Connecticut
WILLIAM R. TIMMONS, IV, South        BILL FOSTER, Illinois
  Carolina                           JOYCE BEATTY, Ohio
MARLIN STUTZMAN, Indiana             JUAN VARGAS, California
RALPH NORMAN, South Carolina         JOSH GOTTHEIMER, New Jersey
DANIEL MEUSER, Pennsylvania          VICENTE GONZALEZ, Texas
YOUNG KIM, California                SEAN CASTEN, Illinois
BYRON DONALDS, Florida               AYANNA PRESSLEY, Massachusetts
ANDREW R. GARBARINO, New York        RASHIDA TLAIB, Michigan
SCOTT FITZGERALD, Wisconsin          RITCHIE TORRES, New York
MIKE FLOOD, Nebraska                 NIKEMA WILLIAMS, Georgia
MICHAEL LAWLER, New York             BRITTANY PETTERSEN, Colorado
MONICA DE LA CRUZ, Texas             CLEO FIELDS, Louisiana
ANDREW OGLES, Tennessee              JANELLE BYNUM, Oregon
ZACHARY NUNN, Iowa                   SAM LICCARDO, California
LISA McCLAIN, Michigan
MARIA SALAZAR, Florida
TROY DOWNING, Montana
MIKE HARIDOPOLOS, Florida
TIM MOORE, North Carolina

                      Ben Johnson, Staff Director

                                 ------                                

              SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS

                 DANIEL MEUSER, Pennsylvania, Chairman

TIM MOORE, North Carolina, Vice      AL GREEN, Texas, Ranking Member
  Chairman                           RASHIDA TLAIB, Michigan
ANN WAGNER, Missouri                 NIKEMA WILLIAMS, Georgia
BARRY LOUDERMILK, Georgia            CLEO FIELDS, Louisiana
ANDREW R. GARBARINO, New York        SAM LICCARDO, California
ANDREW OGLES, Tennessee
MIKE HARIDOPOLOS, Florida 






































                         C  O  N  T  E  N  T  S

                               ----------                              

                         Tuesday, April 8, 2025
                           OPENING STATMENTS

                                                                   Page
Hon. Daniel Meuser, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and 
  Investigations, a U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania........     1
Hon. Al Green, Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on Oversight 
  and Investigations, a U.S. Representative from Texas...........     2

                               STATEMENTS

Hon. French Hill, Chairman of the Committee on Financial 
  Services, a U.S. Representative from Arkansas..................     4
Hon. Maxine Waters, Ranking Member of the Committee on Financial 
  Services, a U.S. Representative from California................     4

                               WITNESSES

Mr. Stephen M. Begg, Acting Inspector General, U.S. Department of 
  Housing and Urban Development..................................     5
    Prepared Statement...........................................     7

                                APPENDIX

                   MATERIALS SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD

Hon. Al Green:
    The Majority Memorandum Dated April 3, 2025..................    40
Antonio Gaines on behalf of the American Federation of Government 
  Employees (AFGE), Housing and Urban Development, Council 222...    41
Daniel Horowitz on behalf of the AFGE, AFL-CIO...................    44
National Housing Resource Center (NHRC)..........................    45

                              LEGISLATION

H.R. 225, HUD Transparency Act of 2025...........................    47

 
                   DECADES OF DYSFUNCTION: RESTORING  
                         ACCOUNTABILITY AT HUD

                              ----------                              

                         Tuesday, April 8, 2025

             U.S. House of Representatives,
      Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations,
                           Committee on Financial Services,
                                                    Washington, DC.

    The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:06 a.m., in 
room 2128, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Dan Meuser 
[chairman of the subcommittee] presiding.
    Present: Representatives Meuser, Moore, Wagner, Loudermilk, 
Garbarino, Haridopolos, Green, Tlaib, Williams of Georgia, and 
Liccardo.
    Also present: Representatives Hill, Steil, Flood, De La 
Cruz, and Waters.
    Chairman Meuser. Good morning. The Subcommittee on 
Oversight and Investigations will come to order.
    Without objection, the chair is authorized to declare a 
recess of the committee at any time.
    This hearing is entitled, ``Decades of Dysfunction: 
Restoring Accountability at HUD.''
    Without objection, all members will have 5 legislative days 
within which to submit extraneous materials to the chair for 
inclusion in the record.
    I now recognize myself for 4 minutes to give an opening 
statement.

   OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. DANIEL MEUSER, CHAIRMAN OF THE 
     SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS, A U.S. 
                REPRESENTATIVE FROM PENNSYLVANIA

    Today's hearing is entitled, again, ``Decades of 
Dysfunction: Restoring Accountability at HUD.'' I would like to 
thank the acting inspector general for being here today to 
discuss persistent waste, fraud, and mismanagement at the 
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
    For decades, HUD's Inspector General (IG) has investigated, 
uncovered, and highlighted severe deficiencies plaguing the 
agency. HUD's core mission is to provide safe and affordable 
housing, something very, very important, and it is something we 
all support on this subcommittee. However, HUD continues to, 
very often, waste taxpayer funds while failing to meet its most 
basic responsibilities and has little to no mechanisms to track 
and report these issues. This is a fact.
    Year after year, HUD's appropriations are squandered, 
mismanaged, or lost in fraud and improper payments. In 2017, 
$1.7 billion was lost through improper payments, and there is 
no evidence to suggest anything has been corrected or improved. 
Accountability is in short supply, and a lack of transparency 
has eroded public trust. Yet, HUD's spending increased from 
$45.4 billion to $78.4 billion from 2021 to 2024. 
Unfortunately, HUD's failures extend beyond the risks of fraud 
and its inability to track or report improper payments. The 
agency relies on outdated information technology (IT) systems, 
some designed and built in the 1970s, and in turn, lacks the 
data collection processes required for effective oversight.
    When I served in Pennsylvania as the Revenue Secretary, we 
modernized our IT systems, and the improvements in tax revenue 
were so significant people actually asked what we were doing 
differently, how were things improving so much. It was not 
magic; it was better data, better oversight, and better 
decision making.
    While HUD faces many challenges its minimal oversight of 
programs and grantees also raises serious concerns, requiring 
grantees to have a fraud prevention plan as part of the grant 
application, along with enforcing enhanced data sharing across 
HUD programs, would be a beneficial step toward achieving a 
more efficient, accountable HUD.
    Public housing authorities under the supervision of HUD 
have operated unchecked and without consequence. Many routinely 
fail to meet basic HUD quality standards with no commitment to 
improving operations. Requiring such public housing agencies 
(PHAs) to timely and accurately report overpayments should be a 
condition of their funding. Republicans want HUD to provide the 
most effective housing for Americans as possible. Fraud and 
overpayments take valuable dollars away from that mission.
    One thing is very clear: HUD cannot continue on its current 
path. Things need to change. That is why I sent the letter to 
the Government Accounting Office (GAO) asking for a report on 
HUD's improper payments and fraud risk management structure. I 
believe that with President Trump's Department of Government 
Efficiency (DOGE) Committee, proper congressional oversight, 
and Secretary Turner at the helm, a new day at HUD is soon 
approaching. I yield back.
    The chair now recognizes the ranking member of the 
subcommittee, the gentleman from Texas, Mr. Green, for 4 
minutes for an opening statement.

   OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. AL GREEN, RANKING MEMBER OF THE 
     SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS, A U.S. 
                   REPRESENTATIVE FROM TEXAS

    Mr. Green. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    I thank the witness for appearing. I will add for the 
record; I have great respect for this witness and will enjoy 
hearing his testimony.
    Mr. Chairman, I have received a memo dated April 3, 2025. 
This is from the majority, and I will read in part what it 
says. It says, ``This hearing will underscore the critical need 
for congressional oversight and review of the Department of 
Government Oversight and Efficiency, DOGE, to ensure 
transparency, accountability, and operational effectiveness 
within the agency.''
    I regret to inform my colleagues, first, that DOGE is not a 
department. It is not. DOGE is an entity that replaced another 
entity that was created by President Barack Obama. It is an 
administrative agency at best. DOGE, which is headed by a 
temporary employee, Mr. Elon Musk, temporary because he is 
there for about 130 days, and then he will be gone. DOGE is a 
temporary entity, not a department. Some things bear repeating.
    I say this because it is important for us to note that the 
person who is heading DOGE has not been elected, has not been 
vetted, and for Republicans to now decide that they are going 
to turn the review of certain practices within the Department, 
the Housing and Urban Development Department, turn it over to a 
person who is un-vetted, a person who has not been elected, is 
unthinkable.
    This hearing should be about whether we should allow DOGE 
to be involved with our government. The hearing should be about 
whether or not DOGE has the authority to do much of what it is 
doing. The stock market is in turmoil. People are very much 
concerned about what is happening to them in this country. 
Economic uncertainty is pervasive, and we have a jester with a 
chain saw cutting jobs.
    We find ourselves today, this very powerful committee, the 
powerful Financial Services Committee, with oversight authority 
in this subcommittee--This powerful committee is allowing its 
very responsibility to be usurped, or, in fact, we are 
abdicating, abdication of the power of the committee to an 
unelected, unvetted, temporary employee.
    Now, why are we doing it? Friends, I regret to inform you 
of something more, because there is fear of Elon Musk. People 
are afraid of him. They are afraid to take him on. They are 
afraid to ask him to come before this body, this august body, 
and give testimony. He should be in that seat. He is the person 
who is going to make the cuts. He is the person who has 
demonstrated that he has power beyond that which Congress has 
accorded to him. He should be here, but we do not have the 
courage to have him sit in that seat and allow us to ask him 
questions.
    Mr. Musk is, at best, a wannabe President who serves with a 
wannabe dictator who believes that he has the power and the 
authority to literally control not only the executive branch, 
but also the legislative branch, as well as the judiciary. We, 
at some point, have to draw a line in the dirt and say to Mr. 
Musk, no more. You cannot do this. You cannot just willy nilly 
arbitrarily and capriciously cut jobs. You have to do studies. 
You have to get some insight.
    I would like to ask, Mr. Chairman, at this time, that, 
without objection, my memorandum from the majority be placed in 
the record.
    Chairman Meuser. Without objection.

    [The information referred to can be found in the appendix:]

    Mr. Green. Thank you. I yield back.
    Chairman Meuser. The gentleman yields.
    The chair now recognizes the chairman of the full 
committee, Mr. Hill, for 1 minute.

  STATEMENT OF HON. FRENCH HILL, CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMITTEE ON 
    FINANCIAL SERVICES, A U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM ARKANSAS

    Chairman Hill. I want to thank the Acting Inspector General 
for appearing before us today.
    I want to thank Subcommittee Chair Meuser for holding this 
hearing.
    HUD has an important mission, providing safe and affordable 
housing to Americans. Unfortunately, over the years, in my 
view, the agency has shown time and time again they are unable 
to perform even the most basic functions. The agency 
continually fails to hold local, public housing authorities 
responsible for not providing safe housing.
    For example, in my hometown in Little Rock, the Little Rock 
Housing Authority has allowed the residents of one complex to 
live in unsafe conditions without electricity while the owners 
of the complex collect utility payments. It is an outrage. 
Additionally, the problems in Little Rock Housing Authority 
included unauthorized transfers of funds, deceased citizens 
receiving housing vouchers, and over $700,000 in Coronavirus 
Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES) Act funds 
unaccounted for, just to name a few.
    These issues are not limited to one public housing agency. 
This is a rampant nationwide issue that must be addressed, and 
HUD must be able to exercise appropriate oversight of its 
programs or else billions of dollars of taxpayer resources will 
continue to be at risk of fraud and improper payments. I look 
forward to our hearing today. I yield back.
    Chairman Meuser. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    The chair now recognizes the ranking member of the full 
committee, Ms. Waters, for 1 minute.

    STATEMENT OF HON. MAXINE WATERS, RANKING MEMBER OF THE 
  COMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES, A U.S. REPRESENTATIVE FROM 
                           CALIFORNIA

    Ms. Waters. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.
    Trump and Musk are dismantling the Nation's housing 
agencies and raising housing costs with tariffs on some 
building materials while this committee pretends nothing 
unusual is happening. Committee Democrats and I have sent three 
letters to and requested a briefing from HUD Secretary Turner. 
I have also asked Chair Hill to invite him to testify. We have 
received zero responses.
    Our Republicans, who have been instructed to not hold town 
halls anymore, scared by what the public will think if Turner 
has to answer for how Trump is ruining our housing market and 
economy. Hopefully, my Republican colleagues will uphold their 
oath to protect the Constitution and the American people and 
finally conduct oversight of HUD.
    I wish I had more time. I would talk about the entire 
dysfunction of this government under Trump, all of the 
recalling that they have to do, the changes they have to make. 
Even our nuclear program was at risk, because they fired the 
employees and then had to call them back. I could go on and on 
and on. If you want to talk about dysfunction, let us talk 
about what is happening with this administration. I yield back.
    Chairman Meuser. The gentlelady yields back.
    I will now introduce our witness. Today we welcome the 
testimony of Mr. Stephen M. Begg, the Acting Inspector General 
of the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Mr. Begg 
was appointed Deputy Inspector General in July 2020. He 
previously was the Office of Inspector General (OIG) Chief of 
Staff, and before that, was an Attorney Advisor to the OIG's 
Office of Legal Counsel. Mr. Begg earned his bachelor's degree 
from James Madison University, his law degree from the Catholic 
University of America, Columbus School of Law.
    We thank you for taking the time to be here. You will be 
recognized for 5 minutes to give an oral presentation of your 
testimony. Without objection, your written statement will be 
made part of the record.
    Mr. Begg, you are now recognized for 5 minutes for your 
oral remarks.

 STATEMENT OF STEPHEN M. BEGG, ACTING INSPECTOR GENERAL, U.S. 
          DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

    Mr. Begg. Chairman Meuser, Ranking Member Green, members of 
the subcommittee, thank you for inviting me to testify about 
the important oversight work that the HUD Office of Inspector 
General does to detect and prevent fraud, waste, and abuse, and 
to promote integrity, efficiency, and effectiveness in HUD 
programs.
    My testimony will focus on several longstanding challenges 
that HUD faces and actions that can be taken to address them. 
HUD's portfolio is massive, and its programs affect every 
community in America. HUD programs provide hundreds of billions 
of dollars in grant funding, as well as trillions of dollars in 
mortgage insurance and mortgage-backed securities.
    HUD oversees a vast network of participants that administer 
its programs, including public housing authorities, landlords, 
nonprofit organizations, State and local government entities, 
and mortgage lenders and servicers. HUD needs a highly skilled 
workforce, efficient processes, and up-to-date technology to 
effectively manage a portfolio of this size.
    In recent years, HUD has sustained progress in key areas, 
like financial management and human capital management. 
However, we have consistently reported that HUD struggles to 
maintain the capacity needed to tackle its most pressing 
challenges. A common theme across those challenges is the need 
to modernize HUD's IT systems.
    HUD needs better data to improve performance and ensure 
funding is spent properly. The key to collecting and leveraging 
that data is IT modernization. Inadequate systems and lack of 
data affect many critical HUD program functions, like 
monitoring grantee activities and performance, particularly sub 
recipients; preventing duplication of benefits and ineligible 
use of funds and disaster recovery programs; ensuring HUD-
assisted properties are inspected timely, and that the health 
and safety problems identified are addressed quickly; 
documenting the number of public housing units that contain 
lead hazards and monitoring the confirmed cases of lead 
poisoning of children; measuring public housing authority 
performance in maximizing success rates in the Housing Choice 
Voucher Program; and protecting HUD systems and personally 
identifiable information from cybersecurity threats.
    HUD IT systems and data limitations also frustrate its 
ability to identify and prevent improper payments and fraud. 
For 8 consecutive years, HUD has not been able to estimate how 
many improper payments are made in its largest rental 
assistance programs, because its current systems do not have 
the payment data needed to test for improper payments.
    These programs represented approximately $50 billion in 
2024, roughly two-thirds of HUD's annual expenditures. Because 
it cannot estimate and identify improper payments in these 
programs, HUD cannot develop specific action plans to reduce 
them, leaving tens of billions of dollars at increased risk 
each year.
    HUD needs to collect more information about payments made 
at the ground level to prevent taxpayer funds from being spent 
improperly. HUD can also better leverage data from other 
agencies, such as Treasury's Do Not Pay Portal, to ensure that 
payments are not made to those who have been excluded from 
participating in Federal programs or have disqualifying 
delinquent debt. With better data, HUD can prevent improper 
payments rather than chase them. The same is true of fraud. 
Having better data related to payments and sub recipient level 
activities is necessary to target fraud schemes proactively.
    Our office continues to stress the need for stronger fraud 
risk management practices at HUD. That starts with a commitment 
to preventing fraud from HUD leadership. In my first meeting 
with Secretary Turner, he expressed a strong desire to 
strengthen the Department's anti-fraud practices, improve 
payment integrity, and to hold HUD program participants 
accountable for doing the same.
    HUD can put this commitment into action by assessing each 
of its programs for fraud risks and developing a proactive 
approach for fraud prevention. HUD should require its program 
participants to establish fraud risk programs in their 
organizations and provide guidance to them on how they should 
manage fraud risk.
    Ultimately, reducing improper payments and preventing fraud 
will better position HUD and its partners to maximize taxpayer 
funds in achieving the goals and outcomes intended in its 
programs. The OIG stands ready to assist the Department in 
these efforts.
    To conclude, I am proud to represent the dedicated 
professionals at HUD OIG, and I want to thank them for their 
outstanding effort to help HUD be successful. I look forward to 
continuing our work with this subcommittee and answering your 
questions today.

    [The prepared statement of Mr. Begg follows:]
    
    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    
    
    Chairman Meuser. Thank you, Mr. Begg.
    We will now turn to member questions, and the chair will 
now recognize himself, myself, for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Begg, thank you for your very sound and goal-oriented 
testimony. That is very important. This hearing is very 
important. HUD is very important. Our goal is to improve the 
Housing and Urban Development Department, not to--only to point 
out the problems. Although, we need to point out the problems, 
the inherent problems, in order to truly focus on where the 
corrections need to take place. Just keep in mind, this is to 
be constructive so we can actually make a difference moving 
forward. That is all of our goals.
    Mr. Begg, you are speaking quite a bit about modernizing 
the IT systems at HUD. I do know something about this, as I 
mentioned earlier, my previous time in State government. Can 
you talk about that a little bit more. How will modernizing IT 
improve the effectiveness, the efficiencies, and as well as the 
proper allocation of the all-important funds to those who 
benefit from the HUD program?
    Mr. Begg. Thank you for the question. Modernizing IT across 
HUD has many potential values, but in terms of effectiveness, 
many of the systems, as you mentioned, were designed a long 
time ago. They do not match the current state of programs. They 
do not capture enough data for HUD to know how well it is 
performing in its programs and how well its partners are.
    So much of the monitoring effort that HUD has to undertake 
is manual. The information that HUD receives about how grants 
are being executed, it is difficult to digest for HUD staff. It 
is inefficient. GAO has pointed out it is confusing and hard 
for HUD staff to even read the information that comes through, 
so----
    Chairman Meuser. Do you plan on providing us with some sort 
of plan on what type of IT systems? Is this something that we 
can work together on?
    Mr. Begg. Absolutely.
    Chairman Meuser. Because it is very important, I think. If 
you would not mind, Mr. Begg, just speak up a little bit more, 
if you would not mind, or lean closer to the mic.
    Mr. Begg. Sure.
    Chairman Meuser. So, your 2024 report highlights that HUD 
cannot produce reliable estimates of improper payments. This is 
a real problem, because we have over $100 billion, $150 
billion, over $200 billion, according to the GAO, not just from 
HUD, of course, but government across all departments.
    You had in 2017, the last time a report was done was $1.7 
billion, which after the 4 years of high inflation, $2.2 
billion adjusted for inflation today. Are we working on 
something to resume this reporting, and if not, what is the 
main barrier to providing such reports?
    Mr. Begg. We are working closely with HUD on finding a 
solution. The key here is technology and collecting the data. 
The information that is needed is local rent payment data that 
is managed in a distributed way across the Nation. HUD has to 
manually collect it to do that. Technology is the key to 
solving that problem.
    Chairman Meuser. Okay. Thank you.
    Mr. Begg. We will----
    Chairman Meuser. What penalties, for those who have 
mismanaged funds, fail to report funds, or defraud our 
government, our taxpayers, are being instituted at the present 
time?
    Mr. Begg. The options in terms of penalties from a 
regulatory perspective include HUD can issue corrective action 
orders that become part of their contracts with housing 
authorities. They can require them to repay funds with non-
Federal funding.
    Chairman Meuser. Would these IT systems and other solutions 
you have, would that have prevented the theft and corruption at 
the New York City Housing Authority that led to 70 bribery 
charges in a single day? Did you find that level of prosecution 
acceptable?
    Mr. Begg. We are certainly pleased with the prosecutorial 
results of that investigative work, which we played a big part 
in. To say that technology could solve for that, I cannot say 
it would go that far. It could go a long way in detecting and 
giving a chance to prevent.
    Chairman Meuser. Okay. Do grantees and public housing 
authorities currently have to submit any type of fraud 
prevention plan before receiving HUD funds?
    Mr. Begg. I do not believe so.
    Chairman Meuser. Okay. Is that something you might 
consider?
    Mr. Begg. We would see that as very valuable.
    Chairman Meuser. Okay. Last month, I introduced the Payment 
Information Integrity Reform Act, which requires Federal 
agencies to create stronger financial management plans to 
reduce payment errors, creates an overpayment czar at the 
Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and lays out penalties 
for agencies that consistently fail to follow payment integrity 
laws. Do you think these changes would drive faster reform at 
HUD?
    Mr. Begg. We do. Many of the requirements as proposed match 
with recommendations that our office and GAO have made for 
strengthening Federal programs against fraud, so we do.
    Chairman Meuser. Great.
    Over the past 4 years, I mentioned in my beginning 
testimony that the funding from HUD went from $45 billion to 
$78 billion. Did that have any sort of ratio to improvements at 
HUD?
    Mr. Begg. HUD has made a number of improvements across the 
board. That is a direct result of some of the funding, but the 
funding does increase the risk for----
    Chairman Meuser. My time has expired. Thank you, Mr. Begg.
    I now call on the ranking member of the full committee, Ms. 
Waters, for 5 minutes of questions.
    Ms. Waters. Thank you very much.
    I am going to quickly try and get a couple of questions in. 
Could you tell me, how did DOGE come into HUD? Did they come in 
with employees? Did they have a previous meeting? Did they have 
analysis of what was going on with HUD? Who did they talk to, 
and how did they get the records? Quickly.
    Mr. Begg. Thank you for the question, ma'am. It is my 
understanding that the HUD DOGE lead and DOGE team members have 
met with many program officers, possibly all of them. In terms 
of how they have obtained access, I do not know how those 
determinations have been made, but I understand that they are 
working closely with program staff across the Department to----
    Ms. Waters. How many program officers are you talking 
about?
    Mr. Begg. I cannot say definitively, but it is my 
understanding that they are working with all program officers.
    Ms. Waters. When did that start, before or after the 
inauguration?
    Mr. Begg. I cannot say for certain.
    Ms. Waters. You do not know?
    Mr. Begg. I do not know the specific date.
    Ms. Waters. What and how did they access to the records?
    Mr. Begg. It is my understanding that the HUD DOGE team 
personnel have been assigned to be employees of HUD, and so 
they can be granted access to HUD systems like any other HUD 
employee----
    Ms. Waters. Who granted access?
    Mr. Begg. I do not know specifically who granted access.
    Ms. Waters. Was there some authorization by HUD personnel 
for them to do what they were doing?
    Mr. Begg. There would have to be an authorization from the 
system owners at HUD to grant access.
    Ms. Waters. Did this authorization take place?
    Mr. Begg. I believe so.
    Ms. Waters. But, do you know so?so?
    Mr. Begg. I do not know specifically when it occurred or 
who authorized it.
    Ms. Waters. Okay. All right. So, we do not know how they 
operate, because it says, we understand they have been 
delegated authorities by HUD personnel to illegally withhold 
and claw back housing funds appropriated by Congress. Do you 
know about that?
    Mr. Begg. I am sorry, could you repeat that question?
    Ms. Waters. According to court documents, the Trump 
Administration claims that DOGE had been delegated authorities 
by HUD personnel to illegally withhold and claw back housing 
funds appropriated by Congress. Do you know about that?
    Mr. Begg. With respect to the delegations, that sounds 
consistent with my answer before. That would make sense that 
HUD personnel would authorize DOGE personnel----
    Ms. Waters. It would make sense. Was it done?
    Mr. Begg. I am sorry.
    Ms. Waters. Was there authorization by something, somebody, 
some people?
    Mr. Begg. That would be the process by which----
    Ms. Waters. I beg your pardon?
    Mr. Begg. The process by which DOGE personnel would get 
access to a system would come from a delegation.
    Ms. Waters. What is the process? For example, would they 
talk with the existing CEO of HUD, the second in charge, the 
third in charge? How does that work?
    Mr. Begg. I cannot say specifically who gave the 
authorizations. The delegations would flow down from the 
Secretary to senior officials at HUD.
    Ms. Waters. Since you have been named, have you 
investigated what authorizations each DOGE staffer has been 
granted and who granted the authorizations?
    Mr. Begg. We have not reviewed that.
    Ms. Waters. Whether those grants have authority, adhered to 
Federal law, have you examined that?
    Mr. Begg. We have not.
    Ms. Waters. The lack of oversight of DOGE actions and 
process is deeply concerning and inherently inefficient. Based 
on what you have learned since you have been there, for a short 
period of time, are you concerned at all about the funding 
process and whether or not those who are eligible for funding 
the programs all over the country are being undermined in some 
way?
    Mr. Begg. We are absolutely monitoring the situation. It is 
currently in litigation. We are tracking the situation. We 
communicate with HUD leadership about it regularly. We are 
monitoring the situation for sure.
    Ms. Waters. What do you plan on doing now, in your job?
    Mr. Begg. What we focus on right now as decisions are being 
made is communicating regularly with HUD leadership, career and 
political staff, about the need to maintain capacity across the 
Department. I mentioned in my opening statement, capacity has 
been a struggle for a long time, and any adjustments to the 
programs and the staff should----
    Ms. Waters. You have served as deputy for a long time or 
something?
    Mr. Begg. Since 2020.
    Ms. Waters. Did Elon Musk come and talk to you?
    Mr. Begg. I have not spoken to Mr. Musk.
    Ms. Waters. Did he come to HUD?
    Mr. Begg. I cannot say for sure. I have not seen him in the 
building.
    Ms. Waters. Who did he delegate to talk to you?
    Mr. Begg. There is a HUD DOGE team lead.
    Ms. Waters. I yield back.
    Chairman Meuser. The gentlelady yields back.
    The gentleman from Arkansas, Chairman Hill, is now 
recognized for 5 minutes.
    Chairman Hill. Thank you, Chairman.
    Again, Acting Inspector General, thank you for being with 
us today.
    As I noted in my opening comments, the Metropolitan Housing 
Alliance in Little Rock has faced significant financial 
mismanagement, failing property conditions, and leadership 
instability for years. As chairman, ensuring HUD works for the 
American people and not against the American people is a 
priority for me. HUD has been long aware of the mismanagement 
at the Metropolitan Housing Authority, and yet, issues persist. 
How, in your view, should HUD engage with troubled public 
housing authorities like the one in my district?
    Mr. Begg. Thank you for the question. Oversight of troubled 
housing authorities is a very challenging endeavor, and the 
best answer to your question is engaging with housing 
authorities before they become troubled. When housing 
authorities become substandard, really working with them 
closely to avoid a scenario where they get into a troubled 
status, because it is very hard to get out of it once you are 
in it.
    Chairman Hill. Yes. In other words, trying to be proactive 
at the local office and the regional office, in your view is--
should be a priority. In your view, has that been a systemic 
problem at HUD? How many troubled--how many public housing 
agencies are classified as troubled by HUD?
    Mr. Begg. I do not have the number off the top of my head, 
but I do not believe it is a substantial number compared to the 
overall footprint of over 3,000 housing authorities. What you 
have said about my view on the topic is correct.
    Chairman Hill. How should new HUD leadership--and every 
time we have a new HUD Secretary, we have a new way to turn the 
page and do it differently--if you are advising Secretary 
Turner, how can he achieve that proactive approach, and how 
could we see better enforcement of housing rules by, again, the 
local HUD office versus--or a regional office?
    Mr. Begg. Again, it starts with systems. The current 
systems that HUD uses to manage its public entity and housing 
portfolio lack key data inputs. They rely on self-certification 
from housing authorities, and the information that is available 
to HUD to monitor them is challenging to work with. Enhancing 
those systems, getting better data in real time, would allow 
HUD staff a better chance of working with more housing 
authorities to avoid a scenario where they become troubled, 
because the staff is limited in capacity on how many housing 
authorities they can really dedicate time to.
    Chairman Hill. Do you find that HUD's approach, in addition 
to being slow, is too deferential to the local housing 
authority to try to solve its--essentially try to solve its own 
problem, and therefore, they are just letting it fester with 
the local officials not hearing directly from Federal 
oversight?
    Mr. Begg. I do not know if it is deferential as much as a 
true capacity challenge. There are so many issues in the 
portfolio, both in the physical conditions of property and then 
the execution of the programs that I do not think there are 
enough people to work with all the housing authorities, and 
there is not enough information available to them to do it 
efficiently.
    Mr. Begg. If I told you a particular multifamily housing 
complex that took Section 8 vouchers, who was routinely failing 
local property code inspections, routinely the site of police 
multiple times a week pursuing criminal activity, and that the 
local housing authority, the local HUD office consistently let 
that owner have access to the Section 8 voucher program, would 
that concern you?
    Mr. Begg. Yes, but unfortunately it is a common occurrence. 
The affordable housing supply is in such a shortage that many 
times, the HUD staff is forced to try to find alternatives that 
do not exist and so, sometimes the best option is to try to 
continue to work out of the scenario. Sometimes they work it 
out, and sometimes they do not.
    Chairman Hill. Well, here it was an outrage by the local 
City Council that nothing was done at the Metropolitan Housing 
Authority, nothing was done at HUD, and nothing was done at the 
Fort Worth regional office. Finally, the State Attorney General 
had to take action and bring criminal charges against the land 
owner in this case, and there was an $11 million judgment. I 
think that is a situation run amuck. I think all this could 
have been stopped by just the most basic oversight with bad 
systems or not. We look forward to working with you on how to 
improve accountability at HUD.
    I thank the Chairman, and I yield back.
    Chairman Meuser. The gentleman yields.
    The gentlewoman from Georgia, Ms. Williams, is now 
recognized for 5 minutes.
    Ms. Williams of Georgia. Thank you, Chairman Meuser and 
Ranking Member Green.
    Under former HUD Secretary Marcia Fudge, you all HUD's 
mission was very clear: Create strong, sustainable, inclusive 
communities, and quality, affordable homes for all. I am 
curious today, exactly what part of that mission statement are 
President Trump and his billionaire buddy against? Let us start 
with the part about building strong, sustainable, inclusive 
communities. How is Trump and Musk building on this with firing 
so many HUD staff that it cannot even carry out its statutory 
requirements?
    Trump and Musk are illegally firing hundreds of HUD staff, 
including Trump's own former HUD Inspector General, and closing 
critically needed field offices. All of this is happening when 
I know, just as my Republican colleagues know, just as our 
witness said today, that we still face a housing affordability 
and availability crisis in this country.
    This is not about cutting waste, because that is something 
that we can all agree on. You should see how I pinch a penny in 
my monthly budget. My husband will let you know, and my son, 
who wants to shop all the time, but we just cannot. So, we get 
that.
    This is about destroying and dismantling HUD while our 
communities back home are left to suffer these disastrous 
decisions of Trump and Musk that my Republican colleagues are 
enabling. This is the exact opposite of what HUD was doing 
under the leadership of Democratic former Secretary Marcia 
Fudge.
    How about the next part of HUD's former mission statement, 
creating quality, affordable homes for all. With the reckless 
Trump tariffs taxing hardworking Americans and massive cuts to 
Federal housing, the Trump-Musk Administration is making 
housing even more unaffordable for folks back home while giving 
tax cuts to billionaires.
    The bottom line is, Trump is prioritizing his billionaire 
buddies and personal vendettas over what is right for the 
household budgets of hardworking American families. To sum it 
all up, Trump and Musk are only trying to widen the racial 
wealth gap and increase housing insecurity for families and 
communities across the country that we were all sent here to 
represent. The only way that we are going to stop this is--stop 
them from making American families pay for billionaire tax cuts 
as if we expose them, and then, together, Democrats and 
Republicans must demand better from our government. Let us do 
that today.
    Mr. Begg, Elon Musk and DOGE gained access to the personal 
confidential data of the American people through government 
data bases. DOGE gained access to HUD's enforcement management 
system, which contains medical records, financial files, Social 
Security numbers, medical details, and the addresses of 
domestic violence survivors. What controls does HUD have in 
place to protect the data of the people of America from private 
entities seeking to exploit the data for their own personal and 
private gain?
    Mr. Begg. Thank you for the question. In general, the data 
that you are mentioning is protected from improper disclosure 
under the Privacy Act. That is the primary legal control in 
place. HUD has a number of information security controls within 
its information security program that are designed to ensure 
that information is not improperly released----
    Ms. Williams of Georgia. Mr. Begg, who is enforcing that?
    Mr. Begg. That would be the Chief Information Officer.
    Ms. Williams of Georgia. Do you have safeguards in place? 
Have you been aware that this data is being secured by the 
Chief Information Officer?
    Mr. Begg. We do an annual review of their information 
security program.
    Ms. Williams of Georgia. So, that has not yet been done 
since January 20th?
    Mr. Begg. It is ongoing. So, it would be--our review would 
include any--and it would look to identify any improper 
disclosures or removals of information from HUD systems.
    Ms. Williams of Georgia. That is just one of the many 
concerns that I am hearing about from constituents back home 
since January 20th.
    Another concern that I am hearing a lot about is canceled 
HUD contracts. The city of Atlanta, which is in my district, 
has one of the widest racial wealth gaps in the country, and 
many of my constituents rely on HUD to help them just get a 
jump start.
    Mr. Begg, there are multiple fair housing advocates in my 
district, all of whom have shared concerns about DOGE's cuts at 
the Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity. One example 
is the fair housing initiative program grant termination. On 
the night of February 27, 2025, HUD sent notices terminating 78 
grant contracts effective immediately. These canceled contracts 
severely impacted communities and their longtime work to 
enforce the Fair Housing Act protecting seniors, veterans, 
survivors of domestic violence, families with children, people 
of color and faith, LGBTQ+ individuals, underserved rural 
communities, and other people who have been victims of housing 
discrimination.
    Mr. Begg, can you speak to the contract agreements or 
activities relating to fair housing that have been canceled, or 
are being considered for cancellation?
    Mr. Begg. The cancellations are currently subject of 
litigation, and so what we are doing right now is monitoring 
the litigation to see what the outcome would be.
    Ms. Williams of Georgia. Mr. Begg, I am sorry. My time has 
expired, but I would love an answer to this in writing. Thank 
you, Mr. Chairman, and I yield back.

    [The information referred to was not received prior to 
printing.]

    Chairman Meuser. The gentlelady's time has expired. The 
gentlelady yields back.
    The gentleman from Georgia, Mr. Loudermilk, is now 
recognized for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Loudermilk. Well, thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Mr. Begg, thank you for being here today. We are in 
interesting times in this country, and one thing in the 10 
years that I have been in Congress I have learned is that this 
city and the government loves status quo. Part of the status 
quo is a lot of times turning your head to a problem or 
sticking your head in the sand and just ignoring it. As over 
the past 10 years, one of my priorities has been finding areas 
of waste and fraud within our government, and that has been a 
priority of this administration. That has upended the status 
quo and has a lot of people uncomfortable, but they should be.
    One thing that I have learned is, through my 10 years in 
Congress, we have uncovered a lot of areas of fraud and waste, 
but they still exist today because we are handcuffed by our own 
laws that we cannot get rid of the perpetrators of fraud and 
waste because they are protected.
    That is why I have introduced again for the sixth or--yes, 
6 years now, the Model Employee Reinvestment for Ill-advised 
Termination (MERIT) Act, which would reform our employment laws 
and policies in the Federal Government to allow for a 
reasonable time of termination of bad employees, not the 
current 24 to 48 months. I just bring that up because, 
regardless of what you find or what we find, unless we can get 
rid of those who are doing the wasteful spending of taxpayer 
dollars, we are never going to do anything. What this city is 
good of is doing oversight and reports and rarely fixing 
problems.
    Mr. Begg, HUD Secretary Turner, recently announced the 
creation of a DOGE task force to help uncover the waste, fraud, 
and abuse that we all want to get rid of. What is the 
relationship with this task force to your office in the HUD IG?
    Mr. Begg. We have coordinated at a high level with the HUD 
DOGE lead and offered to collaborate on combating fraud, waste, 
and abuse in the Department. We have offered examples of 
significant open HUD recommendations that, if action was taken 
on them, would generate significant cost savings. We have been 
communicative with the HUD DOGE team lead and the HUD 
leadership about our interest in working together to prevent 
fraud, waste, and abuse.
    Mr. Loudermilk. Thank you. Can you explain the difference 
between fraud and fraud risk?
    Mr. Begg. Fraud is something--potential fraud and fraud 
risk is something that can be identified in data but verifying 
it and validating it and then adjudicating it in court requires 
human effort beyond just a data exercise.
    Mr. Loudermilk. How severe is fraud risk at HUD?
    Mr. Begg. It is significant. Many of HUD's programs are 
decentralized in terms of how the money moves, so it moves from 
HUD to a grantee, to a subgrantee, to a contractor. Each time 
it goes through a layer, the risk of improper payments and 
fraud increases.
    Mr. Loudermilk. So, how does that compare with the actual 
instances of fraud that you have seen?
    Mr. Begg. It is hard to say. In some instances, we are 
asking to prove a negative here because we are not able to 
quantify the things that we do not know about, and without data 
sources for us to test against, and to really come up with good 
estimates, which HUD has been unable to do for a long time, it 
is hard for us to quantify how much is out there that we are 
not able to see.
    Mr. Loudermilk. Is HUD responsible for mitigating fraud 
within its programs, or is fraud risk management largely 
delegated to the public housing authorities?
    Mr. Begg. HUD is responsible, we believe, under the law for 
managing fraud risk in its programs and responsible for 
ensuring that its grantees have strong fraud risk management 
programs as well.
    Mr. Loudermilk. Okay. Over the years, HUD has struggled to 
incorporate common sense accountability measures into its 
programs. Why is that?
    Mr. Begg. That is a good question. I think that the folks 
who are operating the programs at HUD are doing their best to 
incorporate those commonsense approaches, but many of the 
programs are designed for flexibility. Anytime flexibility is 
introduced in the use of funding it creates opportunities for 
it to be misused. It is a difficult balance between flexible 
grant programs for the communities and trying to put internal 
controls in place to make sure that the money is spent 
appropriately, but we think more can be done on the control 
side.
    Mr. Loudermilk. What else can HUD do to mitigate fraud 
risk?
    Mr. Begg. The first step, like I mentioned, is assessing 
each program for fraud--and this is a basic concept--just sit 
down with the people who run the program, get in front of a 
whiteboard and say, If I wanted to steal from it, how would I 
do it? You list it all out. We could be part of that discussion 
as well. We investigate and help prosecute cases, and then 
think about how can you stop it within your program, what 
systems do you have in place? What potential controls are there 
to mitigate it? Test those and start the cycle over again.
    Mr. Loudermilk. All right. Thank you.
    My time has run out. I yield back.
    Chairman Meuser. The gentleman yields.
    The gentleman from California, Mr. Liccardo, is now 
recognized for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Liccardo. Thank you, Mr. Chair.
    Mr. Begg, thank you for coming to testify today. The 
purpose--the function of your office, Office of Inspector 
General is, fair to say, primarily to help identify waste, 
fraud, and abuse so they can be rectified, and to ensure the 
Department follows the law in executing its mission. Is that 
fair?
    Mr. Begg. That is correct. I would add to that, we also 
have a big emphasis on making recommendations to make programs 
more efficient and effective.
    Mr. Liccardo. As part of these recommendations, you present 
semiannual reports to Congress, and, I think, based on your 
written testimony, quite a lot of work had been done over the 
last year, in Fiscal Year `24. For example, your work 
resulted--I say, ``your work,'' the work of your office 
resulted in almost $87 million in collections, identifying 
nearly $1 billion in funds that could be put to better use. Is 
that fair?
    Mr. Begg. That is correct.
    Mr. Liccardo. Your investigations resulted in more than $63 
million in restitution, more than $14 million in total 
recoveries, and in 125 administrative sanctions to remove or 
limit bad actors from participation in HUD programs?
    Mr. Begg. That is correct.
    Mr. Liccardo. You had identified 278 HUD actions that 
produced systemic benefits for the programs, participants and 
beneficiaries. Is that fair?
    Mr. Begg. Yes.
    Mr. Liccardo. Well, thank you for all that great work. That 
work was done, certainly, not just by you, but by others in the 
office and, of course, by your predecessor. I know you are the 
acting, but the predecessor Inspector General is Ray Davis. Is 
that right?
    Mr. Begg. That is correct. Our team in HUD OIG does the 
work, not me.
    Mr. Liccardo. When the executive branch, in this case HUD, 
does not follow the law, what typically should happen? What are 
the remedies, the Inspector General's involvement?
    Mr. Begg. It depends on the context. In a scenario where 
someone is not following the law and violating criminal 
provisions, we would work with the Department of Justice to 
prosecute bad actors. In an instance where the Department might 
not be following the law, the Payment Information Integrity 
Act, that noncompliance results in reporting requirements to 
Congress. We publicly report their noncompliance. They are 
required to work with OMB on corrective action, so it really 
depends on the context.
    Mr. Liccardo. There is a sanction. There is a consequence.
    Mr. Begg. Yes.
    Mr. Liccardo. Now, you became the Acting Inspector General 
on January 24th. Is that right?
    Mr. Begg. Correct.
    Mr. Liccardo. President Trump became President on January 
20th. Is that fair?
    Mr. Begg. Yes.
    Mr. Liccardo. You took this role 4 days after President 
Trump took office because Ray Davis was fired by President 
Trump?
    Mr. Begg. That is right.
    Mr. Liccardo. Now, Federal law requires the President to 
follow a process when terminating the Inspector General. 
Senator Grassley, as I understand it, Republican Senator, 
authored an amendment that was approved by Congress to mandate 
that the President provide Congress 30 days advance notice 
before terminating inspector generals. Is that right?
    Mr. Begg. That is correct.
    Mr. Liccardo. That notice would include written in detailed 
communication about the rationale for the termination?
    Mr. Begg. That is right.
    Mr. Liccardo. Why would there need to be protections in 
place from the politicization of the termination of an 
inspector general?
    Mr. Begg. I believe the genesis of those protections was 
designed to protect the independence of offices of inspector 
general.
    Mr. Liccardo. That independence is incredibly important for 
you to do your job and detect waste, fraud, and abuse, identify 
conflicts of interest, and the like?
    Mr. Begg. Absolutely. It is the backbone of what we do.
    Mr. Liccardo. Did the President follow the law in this 
case?
    Mr. Begg. The notices were not provided consistently with 
the law, which is my understanding.
    Mr. Liccardo. I know Chairman Hill raised a lot of 
important issues with regard to poor maintenance at public 
housing. I think that has been well-detailed in the media and I 
think in every community. There has been a lot of discussion on 
that. That maintenance is paid for by a capital fund. Is that 
right?
    Mr. Begg. Yes.
    Mr. Liccardo. That is allocated by Congress, that funding. 
Is that fair?
    Mr. Begg. Yes.
    Mr. Liccardo. I believe that 10 months ago, the National 
Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials increased 
its estimate of the backlog repairs needed for existing public 
housing stock from $70 billion to $90 billion, in its words, 
all due to Congress chronically underfunding the public housing 
capital fund. Are you aware of that?
    Mr. Begg. I am aware of the report and the figures.
    Mr. Liccardo. In your view, is the disrepair and poor 
maintenance, while, undoubtedly, there is plenty of waste, 
fraud, and abuse in this agency and any other, is it primarily 
the result of waste or underfunding?
    Mr. Begg. The need for funding is certainly an important 
contributing factor in this scenario. The funding has not kept 
pace with the needs, and so the critical problems that generate 
long-term physical condition issues at properties have not been 
addressed. You can paint the mold on the wall, but if you do 
not fix----
    Chairman Meuser. The gentleman's time has expired.
    Mr. Liccardo. Thank you. I yield.
    Chairman Meuser. The gentleman yields.
    The gentleman from North Carolina, Mr. Moore, is now 
recognized for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Moore. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Mr. Begg, thank you for coming before the committee today.
    I have a slightly different series of questions than some 
of the folks who have spoken already. Back last September, 
Western North Carolina was significantly impacted by Hurricane 
Helene. The estimates are, in our State alone, roughly $80 
billion in damage. Families and businesses lost everything 
because of where this happened. Most folks did not have any 
kind of flood insurance of any kind. Estimates are indicating 
that it could be around $15 billion needed for housing 
assistance and recovery alone, so just an absolutely immense 
amount.
    I can tell you that after the aftermath, I witnessed, 
firsthand, the resilience of the folks in my district and 
throughout Western North Carolina. Our State legislature that I 
was a member of last year, stepped up and provided some amazing 
relief to get funds out there and resources out there to help 
deal with this catastrophe. I have got to say, folks in North 
Carolina stepped out in a significant way to help one another, 
and folks from outside the State, volunteers, you name it.
    One of the questions that kept coming up and where folks 
were scratching their heads was the Federal response. I have to 
say that the Federal response, prior to this year, was very 
lacking, particularly as it pertains to HUD and on the housing 
side. A lot of folks were not being told exactly what to 
expect. They were getting, I guess, for lack of a better word, 
the runaround. They were not even sure what resources were 
being made available. There were folks having their temporary 
housing potentially going to be cutoff, I mean, just a lot of 
really bad things.
    I do have to say that after the new administration came in 
a lot of that has significantly improved, although it is not 
perfect, but it has improved, so we do appreciate that. The 
Department of Housing and Urban Development Community 
Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery Program is going to 
be a critical part of our long-term recovery.
    One of the things though that--and I do not fully 
understand it frankly, as a Member of Congress, is the formula 
that HUD uses to determine the Community Development Block 
Grant Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) allocations, as far as I 
know, that may not even be public. What--I guess that sort of 
fuels a number of questions. One is, what vulnerabilities to 
fraud or abuse are created by the lack of transparency in this 
allocation process?
    Mr. Begg. With respect to the allocation process, I am not 
sure that we have studied how it contributes to potential 
fraud, waste, and abuse. There are a number of things that do 
contribute to that in the disaster program, but we have not 
examined the allocation as a contributor to that.
    Mr. Moore. Would you believe that it is essential that the 
CDBG-DR money is spent in helping these communities recover?
    Mr. Begg. Absolutely.
    Mr. Moore. In January 2024--of course, this is before your 
time--the HUD OIG launched an audit to determine whether four 
community development block grant disaster recovery grantees 
had made improper payments. According to you-all's office, the 
grantees have budgeted more than $904 million, and it spent 
almost $356 million on completed and underway match activities.
    Why did--do you know--again, this is before your time, 
but--I do not know if you had a chance to look--why did their 
spending raise red flags?
    Mr. Begg. I was the Deputy Inspector General when we 
launched the audits, so I am familiar with it. The match 
program allows grantees to use HUD funding to contribute their 
match portion with other Federal programs. The concern that we 
have is that HUD does not require grantees to report to them or 
track how they use match funds.
    In our examination, we have seen instances where if the 
match requirement is 90 percent Federal Emergency Management 
Agency (FEMA), 10 percent on the grantee, there are instances 
frequently where we see 90 percent FEMA, 90 percent HUD. So, 
grantees are not tracking it. They are not reporting it to HUD. 
HUD is not able to monitor it. The data system does not capture 
it. That is our concern that HUD funding is just being wasted 
above the amount that has been authorized.
    Mr. Moore. I guess, like, what kinds of payments is your 
office looking to identify and remedy?
    Mr. Begg. It would be those that are above the match cap. 
Those are technically improper payments in our view.
    Mr. Moore. Okay. You shared the status of that audit?
    Mr. Begg. We are in the process of issuing a report in that 
audit. We believe it will be in the coming months. We issued an 
interim report when we identified the lack of tracking to flag 
that issue for HUD, because we thought they needed to take 
action on it immediately, but we will be issuing another report 
on the review soon.
    Mr. Moore. Thank you, sir.
    I yield back, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Meuser. The gentleman yields.
    The gentleman from Florida, Mr. Haridopolos, is now 
recognized for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Haridopolos. Thank you, Mr. Chairman and thank you, Mr. 
Begg, for coming today. We appreciate your candor and these 
answers as we fire them at you right away.
    I think the area that I want to get into in the report is 
the frustration that these incidents, let us just say at least 
of curiosity or concern, usually go unaddressed. It has got to 
be frustrating in your role that you make a solid 
recommendation, and then no one ever follows up on the darn 
thing.
    I am excited about what DOGE has done. It gives even more 
opportunity to put sunshine on some of these matters, and maybe 
can make your job easier, to make sure those reforms get to the 
folks who want to buy a house or get in a better living 
condition can make use of the good programs that are available 
as opposed to the fraudsters, who unfortunately take advantage 
of the system.
    Let me ask you a very wide open question that you might 
have gotten into earlier. Can you give a number or estimate how 
many high-priority recommendations still remain open or 
unimplemented after the recommendations were made by your group 
to HUD?
    Mr. Begg. Yes. We issued our priority open recommendations 
report for 2024 last year, and of the 35 we identified, I 
believe, 24 remain open. We are in the process of updating that 
report and issuing a new one here in the next coming weeks, but 
the number will be in that 20, 30 zone.
    Mr. Haridopolos. Then if you could give a little color to 
the ones that were, quote, addressed. Did we see savings there 
or did we see arrests made if fraud was conducted? What were 
the results of the ones that were, quote, addressed?
    Mr. Begg. The recommendations that we are referencing are 
programmatic in nature. We have seen enhancements in 
information security. We have seen HUD's rental assistance 
program offices take action to clarify guidance, to put 
protocols in place, to better track health and safety issues. 
It is those types of issues that we are seeing.
    Mr. Haridopolos. With that in mind, too, as a former 
businessperson myself, return of investment (ROI) is what we 
always look at--where do you get the most bang for the buck. 
The idea is that, is there one that--some of these 
recommendations that would yield the most results in twofold. 
One is, of course, savings. Of course, we are all looking for 
that given the budget shortfalls, but the other, more 
importantly, is to assist folks who truly need it and make sure 
the fraudsters are kind of addressed.
    That said, which one of these recommendations would you put 
at the top of the list where you would get the most benefit so 
that we can kind of focus on that as opposed to just looking at 
a number, this last case being 35?
    Mr. Begg. Sure. I will give a twofold answer since you 
posed it two ways. In terms of fraud prevention, one of our 
priority open recommendations is creating stronger fraud risk 
management assessments across HUD's programs. If HUD starts the 
process of assessing those risks and builds prevention into its 
programs, that will reduce the negative impacts fraud has on 
its programs.
    With respect to financial recoveries, we did a review of 
how many people obtained Federal Housing Administration (FHA)-
insured loans who had delinquent Federal tax debt. In a 1-year 
period, we estimated that $13 billion in FHA loans went to 
ineligible borrowers with Federal tax debt, which would 
translate, in our view, to roughly a $6 billion monetary impact 
if you factor in the average loss rate for FHA on a mortgage. 
Taking action to obtain the tax information needed to prevent 
those ineligible borrowers from getting the loans in the first 
place could have a huge impact on HUD's mutual mortgage 
insurance fund.
    Mr. Haridopolos. With that in mind, Mr. Begg, whose fault 
was it that these were approved in the first place? Was it a 
fraudulent application, or was it the actions of the folks 
working at HUD who made a mistake?
    Mr. Begg. It is hard to say. Our review examined how many 
folks with delinquent Federal tax debt obtained loans. The 
reason, or the State of mind they had in obtaining those loans, 
we did not examine. What needs to happen is HUD either needs to 
obtain that information, and HUD, I believe, it may require 
congressional authority to get that information from the 
Internal Revenue Service (IRS), or it needs to require mortgage 
lenders to obtain that in their review of the applications.
    Mr. Haridopolos. I will just close with this, Mr. Chairman: 
I think the frustration a lot of folks feel is that they feel 
like their resources are there, the missed allocation of funds 
to put it simply. Whether it be with Medicaid, HUD, so many 
vital programs where people are truly in need, it could be the 
disabled or folks in nursing homes, in the Medicaid world, or 
in this case, folks who are just getting on their feet and they 
are doing the right thing, they do it lawfully, but the folks 
who break the law never suffer a penalty.
    At some point when people are either knowingly breaking the 
law, and it was shown by fact pattern, we need to put 
proverbially someone in handcuffs and say you are not going to 
defraud the United States anymore. I think that the IG report 
needs to focus on is simply who are the worst actors and the 
folks who are breaking the law. They are denying people 
benefits let alone defrauding taxpayers.
    I am glad to see you lead this charge, Mr. Chairman, and I 
appreciate you bringing the witness forth.
    Chairman Meuser. I thank the gentleman for his comments. 
Well assessed. The gentleman yields.
    I now recognize the gentlewoman from Michigan, Ms. Tlaib, 
for 5 minutes.
    Ms. Tlaib. Thank you so much, Chairman.
    Thank you, Acting Inspector General, for being here. I 
think a lot of us have a lot of questions. I come from Detroit, 
the most beautiful, blackest city in the country. We used to 
have 70 percent homeownership. It was one of the most thriving 
communities where many Black families would come, create 
careers out of the auto industry, and so much more.
    I want to get straight at it. Mr. Begg, this is important 
for my constituents at home. You are a public servant now. 
Understand. You really do work for the American people. Even as 
you have somebody that appoints you, you still have a duty and 
responsibility to the American people, people we represent.
    Under what authority can the administration withhold 
funding that has already been appropriated by Congress?
    Mr. Begg. Thank you for the question. I am not aware of an 
authority that an administration would be able to use to 
withhold funding that has been appropriated by Congress.
    Ms. Tlaib. Okay. The Trump Administration just terminated 
$60 million in Section 4 funding. Are you familiar with that?
    Mr. Begg. Yes.
    Ms. Tlaib. Acting Inspector, this funding supports my 
district. Grandmont Rosedale Development Corporation relies 
heavily on Section 4 funding for years. Many of my seasoned 
residents who are on fixed income--right--as the prices of--as 
the housing crisis just continues to exacerbate, they rely, 
again, on organizations like that and being able to access that 
funding. Section 4 funding--canceling Section 4 funding 
threatens hundreds of housing projects around our Nation right 
now.
    It is mind-boggling, though, to me from--Elon Musk and DOGE 
have reportedly called cutting the Fair Housing and Equal 
Opportunity (FHEO) staff by 77 percent. That is from 572 
employees down to 134 people.
    I have been here now going on 7 years, and one of the 
things that continues to come out in the previous Office of 
Inspector General report from 2024 is that the primary obstacle 
to timely completion of any investigations was limited 
staffing. Limited staffing, and I see that a lot. I always see 
people attacking the Social Security office, attacking the 
Postal Service, but when it came down to it, it was about the 
lack of capacity to deal with the rise and, of course, the need 
for many of our community members.
    Mr. Begg, if the Office of Fair Housing and Equal 
Opportunity was already struggling to meet its statutory 
requirements--Mr. Begg, statutory requirements--Okay-- for the 
Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity was already struggling, 
right? From existing staff, how can it effectively uphold fair 
housing laws with the face of 77 percent staffing cuts?
    Mr. Begg. A 77 percent staffing cut is significant. As you 
mentioned, we highlight it in our report--in our top management 
challenges report and in our report on the 100-day 
investigation report.
    Ms. Tlaib. Have you started an investigation into the mass 
layoffs or firings?
    Mr. Begg. We have not started an investigation related to--
--
    Ms. Tlaib. I think you should.
    Mr. Begg [continuing]. layoffs and firings.
    Ms. Tlaib. I think you should find out and really 
investigate into the firings and how that impacts the statutory 
requirement laws for the Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity 
division.
    Mr. Begg. What I can say we have been doing is 
communicating with HUD leadership regularly and consistently 
about the status of the planned reductions and voicing our--
advocating for those decisions to be carefully considered and, 
for any decision that is made to reduce HUD's footprint, to 
take into account the need for capacity in each program and the 
challenges that already exist for capacity. We are having those 
conversations regularly, and HUD leadership has been receptive 
to the information we are bringing to them, and we are 
monitoring decisions that have not been made yet in many 
instances and looking for opportunities.
    Ms. Tlaib. I do not know. My residents cannot stop living. 
Like, we cannot wait. These are programs, again, appropriated 
by Congress. Like, I do not understand. They do not have time 
to wait until we can kind of have a good conversation with the 
administration. Either follow the law or do not, right? I say 
that, again, we need to move with a lot more urgency and 
understanding that laws are being--this lawlessness, this 
recklessness, it will impact our residents.
    Really quick in February, when Secretary Turner announced 
the creation of a DOGE task force at HUD, he charged it with 
eliminating fraud, waste, and abuse, as you probably are 
familiar. So, Mr. Begg, how are DOGE's activities not redundant 
with the activities and purpose at your office? Is not that 
what you do?
    Mr. Begg. It is what we do.
    Ms. Tlaib. So, is he doing your job?
    Mr. Begg. He is not doing our job. We are doing our job.
    Ms. Tlaib. So, why is DOGE trying to do your job right now?
    Mr. Begg. I cannot speak for the administration----
    Ms. Tlaib. That is right.
    Mr. Begg [continuing]. or the Department or DOGE, but----
    Ms. Tlaib. I just need my colleagues to understand the 
depth of what is going on here. It is reckless and it is 
incredibly hurtful for many families.
    With that, I yield, Mr. Chair.
    Chairman Meuser. The gentlelady yields.
    The gentlewoman from Texas, Ms. De La Cruz, is now 
recognized for 5 minutes.
    Ms. De La Cruz. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you for 
allowing me to waive on to this hearing. This is a very 
important topic, HUD. As the Vice Chair of Housing and 
Insurance Subcommittee, efficiency and a properly functioning 
HUD is of great importance and very important to me.
    In my district, HUD housing is something that we have in 
all of my district. Efficiency, identifying fraud, waste, and 
abuse, as you have done so--and thank you for your very candid 
response. In fact, some of the things that I heard is that you 
and your team have identified several areas where we can cut 
back on fraud, waste, and abuse. What was concerning to me is 
that you had, in 2025, high-priority items--35 of them--which, 
at the end of the year, 24 approximately were still open.
    When I looked at your office and the fact that the IG had 
not been--the OIG had not been forced to testify in front of 
Congress and that it had been 5 years since we had heard from 
your team about the fraud, waste, and abuse, I thought to 
myself, well, that is just unacceptable. As a small business 
owner myself, I regularly have meetings with my employees to 
say, where are you at? What is the temperature? What challenges 
are you facing? How can we help?
    This is when I decided to create something to help us. One 
of my bills focused on preventing fraud, waste, and abuse at 
HUD is noticed in this hearing. It is H.R. 225, HUD 
Transparency Act of 2025, which at last Congress passed with 
overwhelming support from both sides of the aisle, and it 
passed by voice vote on the House floor. The bill is really 
simple. It requires the HUD Office of Inspector General to 
testify annually before Congress. Again, very important. The 
need for this legislation is underscored by the fact that the 
HUD Inspector General's Office, again, had not testified since 
2023.
    Mr. Begg, having hearing you today--having you here today 
and listening to what you have said furthers my resolve for the 
need for this bill. My question to you is, as acting HUD IG, 
can you speak about the impact that pointed congressional 
attention in the form of a required annual HUD OIG testimony 
would have on HUD and the OIG's mission to help prevent fraud, 
waste, and abuse?
    Mr. Begg. Thank you for the question. We welcome the 
opportunity to come before this committee and our other 
committees of jurisdiction, as requested, to provide testimony. 
We are thrilled to have an opportunity to talk about the 
important work our staff is doing and also stress the need for 
actions that can help HUD be more successful.
    Ms. De La Cruz. Do you feel that, by coming here on an 
annual basis and bringing your concerns to our committee, that 
will help further support the need to stop the waste and abuse 
and give you the tools that you need?
    Mr. Begg. I do.
    Ms. De La Cruz. Excellent. Thank you.
    The last question that I have in this short minute is I 
also introduced another piece of legislation which is ensuring 
access to the Whistle Protections Act to provide whistleblower 
protection for employees of HUD contractors, with contracts 
predating 2013, Section 4712, the anti-retaliation provisions. 
I know this is one of the first topics that you mention at the 
top of your management challenges report in Fiscal Year 2025.
    Can you briefly share with us how important whistleblower 
protections are to help prevent fraud, waste, and abuses at 
HUD?
    Mr. Begg. Whistleblowers are critically important for 
identifying fraud, waste, and abuse, and the thousands of 
contractors that HUD utilizes have many thousands of employees 
who have direct knowledge of and access to information that we 
would want to know about fraud, waste, and abuse. Ensuring that 
they are free from retaliation is key so that they feel 
protected to come forward. Without those protections, the 
chilling effect on them disclosing information that is critical 
to improving HUD programs is significant.
    Ms. De La Cruz. Thank you so much.
    I yield back.
    Mr. Begg. Thank you.
    Chairman Meuser. The gentlelady yields.
    The gentleman from Wisconsin, Mr. Steil, who is also the 
Chair of the Subcommittee on Digital Assets, is now recognized 
for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Steil. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Thank you for 
holding today's hearing.
    Mr. Begg, thanks for being here. I want to talk to you 
about the waste, fraud, and abuse occurring in Milwaukee, 
Wisconsin. As you may know, $2.8 million in rental assistance 
funds went for other purposes. It went to payroll, to 
oversight, to administrators, not to helping people in the city 
of Milwaukee get housing, many of whom are challenged. We face 
national challenges with housing right now.
    I want to talk about what went on. We have a new CFO at the 
Milwaukee Housing Authority who I know is engaged in this and 
trying to get this back on track, but what are the consequences 
for individuals who cause the problem and what are the 
consequences across the board at HUD? Are people arrested? Are 
there charges made? What are the penalties and how did this 
occur for years in the city of Milwaukee before this came to 
light?
    Mr. Begg. Thank you for the question. We are acutely aware 
of the scenario in Milwaukee. It is one we have been tracking, 
and it is one that we have considered doing our own oversight 
over. Quite frankly, it is a crowded room there. There are 
many, many people looking at this issue now based on the 
status.
    In terms of penalties, if employees of a housing authority 
are found to have misused Federal funding, we would investigate 
those potential crimes and refer them for prosecution. We would 
work with HUD's Office of General Counsel to seek to debar them 
from Federal programs, and we would seek any other potential 
administrative penalties for others involved in the actions.
    Mr. Steil. I appreciate you engaging on this and being 
serious. I think the new administration, the Trump-appointed 
Administration at HUD--we have a big opportunity to get to the 
bottom of the waste, fraud, and abuse because what we want to 
do is actually help people who are challenged and need the 
assistance. What we do not want to see is it going into 
programs that it is not designed for.
    Walk me through how no penalties came to be over the course 
of 3 years, in particular as it relates to the 2.8 million 
misused funds at the Milwaukee Housing Authority.
    Mr. Begg. If you are referring to penalties from HUD, I 
cannot speak to their specific decision making, but they do 
have penalties and remedies available to them which include--
can include limiting and withholding assistance to housing 
authorities.
    Mr. Steil. At what point does HUD apply those penalties?
    Mr. Begg. That is a discretionary function for the program 
offices to decide. It is a policy call for them ultimately. In 
many instances, they will try to work with housing authorities 
to get out of troubled or difficult situations where things are 
not going correctly before going to the penalties because, as I 
mentioned earlier, there are not a lot of nonFederal funds 
available from housing authorities to pay penalties. If you 
withhold new funding from them, it----
    Mr. Steil. We enter a catch-22 once there is a bad problem, 
which kind of brings the question of how problems like this 
stem and grow over a period of years before they are caught. Is 
there an unwillingness, do you think, in some housing 
authorities to correct bad behavior?
    Mr. Begg. I would not say that. What I would say is that 
many housing authorities are facing the same capacity 
challenges that HUD and its staff are facing. They frequently 
do not have adequate systems in place. They might not have 
processes in place necessary to run efficiently and 
effectively, and they have a large charge and, frequently, it 
is one that is difficult for them to manage. The problems 
snowball over time.
    Mr. Steil. It seems to me at least that HUD appears asleep 
at the wheel while this is ongoing in the city of Milwaukee and 
that this is not being covered and held accountable because you 
are exactly right. The longer it takes for this to come to 
light, these penalties are simply pulling money back from a 
system that does not have it because the money was swindled in 
the first place, which puts us in a catch-22 and shows the need 
to investigate this and hold people accountable in the first 
place.
    Let me go big picture because I think one of the questions 
is, are the people who are engaged in this inappropriate 
behavior nervous of being caught? How often is HUD applying 
penalties? Is HUD arresting people and making charges across 
the board at housing authorities across the United States when 
they see this type of waste, fraud, and abuse?
    Mr. Begg. What I can tell you is our office is responsible 
for doing the criminal investigations, and almost half of our 
portfolio is dedicated to public corruption in these programs.
    Mr. Steil. How often are persons actually held accountable?
    Mr. Begg. We could point to investigative case outcomes, 
prosecutions, and sentencing weekly. It happens all the time. 
In many ways, we are only scratching the tip of the iceberg.
    Mr. Steil. That is my concern that we are only scratching 
the tip of the iceberg. Your words. That is my concern that we 
are not taking this seriously enough to root out waste, fraud, 
and abuse because every dollar that is wasted inside HUD is a 
dollar that is not going to improve housing or provide access 
to individuals who do need housing. I appreciate the work you 
are doing at HUD and others to root out this waste, fraud, and 
abuse.
    Mr. Chairman, thank you for holding the hearing. I yield 
back.
    Chairman Meuser. The gentleman yields.
    The gentleman from New York, Mr. Garbarino, is now 
recognized for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Garbarino. Thank you, Chairman.
    Thank you, Mr. Begg, for coming here today.
    Two thousand twenty four was a record-setting year for the 
New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA), not just--but it just 
was not for the right reason. In February 2024, 70 NYCHA 
current and former superintendents and staff were arrested for 
allegedly pocketing bribes in exchange for granting no-bid or 
micro-contract repair work. This 10-year, $2-million classic 
pay-for-play corruption scheme was the largest number of 
Federal bribery arrests brought in a single day in the 
Department of Justice (DOJ) history and included public housing 
employees at developments in every borough.
    The employees had the power to hand out smaller micro-
purchase contracts of $5,000 which increased to $10,000 after 
2019 that fell below the amounts that triggered competitive 
bidding. The contractors would then pay kickbacks to NYCHA 
employees who awarded the contract.
    Mr. Begg, following this incident, your office released a 
report examining NYCHA's findings. Its mitigation processes are 
largely reactionary. NYCHA is the largest public housing 
authority in the United States, correct?
    Mr. Begg. That is correct.
    Mr. Garbarino. NYCHA receives billions of Federal funding 
from HUD each year?
    Mr. Begg. I believe over 3 billion.
    Mr. Garbarino. In fact, NYCHA receives over 25 percent of 
HUD's rental assistance funding nationwide?
    Mr. Begg. Correct.
    Mr. Garbarino. Yet, the report found that NYCHA did not 
assess fraud risks across the entire organization. In fact, 
NYCHA did not develop a process to identify fraud risks, it did 
not develop a response plan, and it did not implement a process 
to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of fraud risk 
management activities. As the largest public housing authority 
in the United States, one would hope that they would be more 
organized or better organized.
    Mr. Begg, I understand that varies amongst housing 
authorities. I worked at a law firm before I came to Congress. 
I represented a housing authority. We did not have this 
problem. I would say that--would you venture to say that these 
failures are common across other public housing authorities?
    Mr. Begg. I would, and with respect to NYCHA, it is a 
sophisticated organization. They have many things that are in 
place. They have a lot of anti-fraud activities that are 
happening across their programs. They are just not structured 
in a way that is coordinated across the organization and 
proactive. In many instances, they are actually farther along 
than most housing authorities. They are leading the pack, but 
they still have room to go. We do think that these issues are 
very pervasive at other housing authorities.
    Mr. Garbarino. That is kind of scary that you said that 
they are further along than other housing authorities, but this 
is still happening--it is still happening there. It just 
happened last year.
    What can HUD do to provide more guidance when it comes to 
mitigating public housing authority fraud risk?
    Mr. Begg. First, they need to assess the risks in each of 
the programs that housing authorities operate. HUD needs to do 
that and identify what it sees as fraud risks and then require 
housing authorities to have anti-fraud programs that meet the 
standards that GAO has established for Federal programs and 
then give them guidance on how to meet those expectations and 
work with them to strengthen those anti-fraud controls over 
time.
    Mr. Garbarino. Do the fraud risks vary by size of a housing 
authority or, like, is it--if they do an assessment, is it--
does one cover NYCHA all the way down to a small-town housing 
authority, or how does----
    Mr. Begg. They do vary depending on the size. We 
recommended in that report that the Office of Public and Indian 
Housing (PIH) assess fraud risks at large housing authorities 
like NYCHA.
    The no-bid contracts that you mentioned in a large 
organization where there are many of them happening all the 
time, it is hard to oversee low-dollar contracts, but if you 
are in a small housing authority that may have only a handful 
of people, you are not going to have that kind of traffic. At 
the smaller housing authorities, the issues are usually a lack 
of segregation of duties. One person controls the money and the 
accounting, and so there is no one to know whether it has gone 
missing.
    Mr. Garbarino. It sounds like a lack of formal guidance is 
a factor in the--a lack of formal guidance from HUD is a factor 
in this risk of fraud. How often does HUD terminate or suspend 
funding due to underperformance or fraudulent activity?
    Mr. Begg. I do not have the answer to that off the top of 
my head. I would be happy to get back to you on that.
    Mr. Garbarino. I have my last question. Public housing 
authorities have a governance structure. Should there be 
reforms over the makeup of those boards that could result in a 
more competent or effective board?
    Mr. Begg. I think that depends on the context in terms of 
governance, but I know that governance structures across the 
PHA space have been a challenge.
    Mr. Garbarino. I am out of time. Thank you very much for 
being here today. I yield back.
    Mr. Begg. Thank you.
    Chairman Meuser. The gentleman yields.
    The gentleman from Texas, Mr. Green, the Ranking Member of 
Oversight and Investigations, is now recognized for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Green. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Friends, for reasons that I shall not announce, I believe 
the chairman to be an honorable person, and I want to make that 
a part of the record today.
    Mr. Begg, are there people in this country who engage in 
invidious discrimination when it comes to housing?
    Mr. Begg. Yes.
    Mr. Green. Do these people engage in a form of invidious 
discrimination that would deny a person access to housing 
because of color?
    Mr. Begg. Yes.
    Mr. Green. Is there a department within HUD that deals with 
this invidious discrimination?
    Mr. Begg. Yes. The Office of Fair Housing and Equal 
Opportunity.
    Mr. Green. Have you heard, sir, that there is a possibility 
of substantial cuts in personnel in this department?
    Mr. Begg. Yes.
    Mr. Green. Have you heard a number, sir?
    Mr. Begg. I have seen the reporting, and I think it was 
mentioned earlier in the hearing that 77 percent was a 
possibility.
    Mr. Green. If 77 percent of the persons charged with 
enforcement are removed from their positions, what would this 
portend for people who are seeking housing without being 
discriminated against?
    Mr. Begg. We discussed the already strained capacity in 
that office earlier. A significant cut could increase the 
strain on capacity. What we would want to see in a plan is how 
HUD plans to account for that reduced staff and what other 
tools or alternatives would it use to prevent the capacity from 
going too low that it cannot perform its programmatic function.
    Mr. Green. You mentioned a plan. Have you been presented 
with a plan?
    Mr. Begg. I have not.
    Mr. Green. If I wanted to know the plan, would it be 
judicious to ask you or Mr. Musk? If I assume that one of you 
has knowledge of the plan, which of you would be better to 
answer the question about the plan?
    Mr. Begg. HUD is in the best position to answer what is in 
its plan, and it is my understanding that the plan has not been 
finalized in many respects yet.
    Mr. Green. If I wanted to know the plan that Mr. Musk has 
that you have not been given, would it be better to ask you or 
Mr. Musk?
    Mr. Begg. I would not be able to speak to the plan. So, I 
believe, Mr. Musk.
    Mr. Green. If I want to know about the cuts that he has in 
mind, would it be better to have you tell me or Mr. Musk?
    Mr. Begg. I think the same answer applies, sir.
    Mr. Green. I think you are right, sir, and I ask the 
question because it is my belief that Mr. Musk should be here 
to talk about the cuts.
    There is more involved in this than technology. We are 
talking about laying people off in significant numbers and, I 
do not think you are in a position to tell us what Mr. Musk 
plans to do with reference to these layoffs. I contend that he 
should come before this committee.
    There has been some indication that you should be here or 
some person in your position should be here on an annual basis. 
Well, if Mr. Musk is a temporary employee--he is only going to 
be on the job about 130 days max, and then maybe he will be 
reinstated at a later time--but it would seem to me that 
temporary employee who has this awesome amount of authority, he 
ought to come and sit in that seat and explain what he plans to 
do to the lives of these people.
    I do not ask you to answer anything in response to that or 
make any comment. I am just concerned about the way we are 
doing business. I am. I am concerned about how we are literally 
abdicating our responsibility. I am concerned about the 
country.
    We should know that a democracy--a republic, if you will, 
but a democracy. This is the methodology about which you can 
get people in office. A democracy is not inexpungible. It is 
not invictus. A democracy is a work in progress, and every time 
we allow a chipping away, we are diminishing some aspects of 
our democracy. The democratic way to deal with this would be to 
have Mr. Musk come before the committee. He knows the answers.
    I yield back and thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Meuser. The gentleman yields back.
    The gentleman from Nebraska, Mr. Flood, who is also the 
Chair of the Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, is now 
recognized for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Flood. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Inspector General Begg, as the Chairman of the Housing and 
Insurance Subcommittee, I have significant interest in the 
operations of HUD and their efficiency. We need to ensure that 
HUD has strong processes in place to track funds once they are 
disbursed and prevent waste, fraud, and abuse, and I appreciate 
your work in outlining some of the key challenges with the 
agency.
    I would like to focus on one program you mentioned as 
needing greater oversight: that is the CDBG Disaster Relief 
program. Given the prevalence of several large weather events 
and increased congressional conversation on DR funding and 
additional financial support, can you speak to the oversight 
challenges that persist at the block grant and subgrantee level 
for DR recipients?
    Mr. Begg. Thank you for the question. As you mentioned, 
disasters are occurring more frequently, and they will continue 
to occur more frequently. This program has grown exponentially 
in recent years, and the HUD systems and processes in place 
were not designed to oversee the DR program in the same way 
that it was designed to see the regular CDBG entitlement 
program.
    The Department has done many things to try and make up for 
that gap. The Universal Notice that they published helped 
streamline the processes, and HUD has done everything within 
their control that they can to try to tighten up the timeliness 
in which funding flows out, but the system limitations and the 
lack of a regulatory statutory framework for the program still 
create a lot of risks in terms of what data is available to 
know whether it is working and how can we be sure that the 
streamlining is going to be in place when it can change over 
time if it is simply a HUD notice.
    Mr. Flood. Is HUD, in your opinion--do they have, like, a 
robust fraud, waste, abuse management effort to make sure those 
things are not happening? Is there a system in place to ensure 
these dollars are not being wasted?
    Mr. Begg. In the Disaster Recovery program, we think they 
have room to improve. The Community Planning and Development 
Program Office does have a fraud risk specialist. They have 
expressed interest in working with us more on fraud risk, but 
they still have not assessed their particular fraud risks in 
that program and then come up with corrective actions to 
mitigate those and require grantees to do the same. Taking 
those first steps are really key, in our opinion.
    Mr. Flood. In your prior testimony, you highlighted an 
instance where the Puerto Rico Department of Housing did not 
implement sufficient fraud risk management processes on 20 
billion of HUD funding they received for disaster recovery and 
mitigation. It is remarkable to me that $20 billion could be 
awarded if the grantee does not have basic processes in place 
around managing fraud risks.
    I think you have answered this question, but is there a 
need for uniform processes around fraud risk management? More 
importantly, would congressional authorization of the CDBG-DR 
program be helpful in potentially establishing some uniform 
requirements for dealing with fraud?
    Mr. Begg. I think the answer to both is yes. Permanent 
authorization is not necessarily a silver bullet to all the 
challenges in the program, but it would help in going a long 
way to standardize and reduce the variance in programs which it 
does, in fact, contribute to the fraud risk.
    Mr. Flood. Have you ever put together some kind of 
guidelines or ideas about what that authorization should look 
like from the DR perspective?
    Mr. Begg. We have worked with various members over the 
years to provide technical assistance. We would be happy to 
work with your office in doing that.
    Mr. Flood. I would encourage you to reach out to Mr. 
Pliemtos in my office because this is something I want to focus 
on, and I think the ranking member also knows it is an issue.
    Moving to the HOME Investment Partnership Program, the 
Ranking Member, Mr. Cleaver, and I are working on reauthorizing 
that. Have you, in your work, seen any challenges unique to 
oversight of the HOME program that you would like to highlight?
    Mr. Begg. Many of the challenges that we have seen with 
respect to HOME are common grants management challenges. Data 
limitations are more kind of a standard that we see across CDBG 
programs. What I can say is we know that the HOME program is 
incredibly important to the stakeholders and the flexibilities 
it provides in creating solutions is very valuable.
    Mr. Flood. Thank you very much for your testimony and for 
your work on behalf of the American people.
    With that, Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Chairman Meuser. The gentleman yields.
    Seeing we are ready to adjourn, I would like to thank our 
witnesses--witness--our only witness--for your testimony today.
    Without objection, all members will have 5 legislative days 
within which to submit additional written questions for the 
witnesses to the chair. Questions will be forwarded to the 
witness for their response, and I ask our witnesses to please 
respond no later than May 13, 2025.

    [The information referred to can be found in the appendix:]

    I will add, this committee recognizes the Secretary of HUD, 
Mr. Scott Turner, as the HUD authority.
    This hearing is adjourned.

    [Whereupon, at 11:39 a.m., the subcommittee was adjourned.] 

      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      

                               APPENDIX

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