[House Hearing, 119 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]






                                




 
                  A HEARING WITH SANCTUARY CITY MAYORS

=======================================================================

                                HEARING

                               BEFORE THE

                         COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT
                         AND GOVERNMENT REFORM
                     U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                             FIRST SESSION

                               __________

                             MARCH 5, 2025

                               __________

                           Serial No. 119-11

                               __________

Printed for the use of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform


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                           _______

             U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 
 59-603 PDF          WASHINGTON : 2025
                            
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
              COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM

                    JAMES COMER, Kentucky, Chairman

Jim Jordan, Ohio                     Gerald E. Connolly, Virginia, 
Mike Turner, Ohio                        Ranking Minority Member
Paul Gosar, Arizona                  Eleanor Holmes Norton, District of 
Virginia Foxx, North Carolina            Columbia
Glenn Grothman, Wisconsin            Stephen F. Lynch, Massachusetts
Michael Cloud, Texas                 Raja Krishnamoorthi, Illinois
Gary Palmer, Alabama                 Ro Khanna, California
Clay Higgins, Louisiana              Kweisi Mfume, Maryland
Pete Sessions, Texas                 Shontel Brown, Ohio
Andy Biggs, Arizona                  Melanie Stansbury, New Mexico
Nancy Mace, South Carolina           Robert Garcia, California
Pat Fallon, Texas                    Maxwell Frost, Florida
Byron Donalds, Florida               Summer Lee, Pennsylvania
Scott Perry, Pennsylvania            Greg Casar, Texas
William Timmons, South Carolina      Jasmine Crockett, Texas
Tim Burchett, Tennessee              Emily Randall, Washington
Marjorie Taylor Greene, Georgia      Suhas Subramanyam, Virginia
Lauren Boebert, Colorado             Yassamin Ansari, Arizona
Anna Paulina Luna, Florida           Wesley Bell, Missouri
Nick Langworthy, New York            Lateefah Simon, California
Eric Burlison, Missouri              Dave Min, California
Eli Crane, Arizona                   Ayanna Pressley, Massachusetts
Brian Jack, Georgia                  Rashida Tlaib, Michigan
John McGuire, Virginia
Brandon Gill, Texas

                                 ------                                
                       Mark Marin, Staff Director
                   James Rust, Deputy Staff Director
                     Mitch Benzine, General Counsel
                          Alex Rankin, Counsel
                 Alex Phares, Professional Staff Member
                 Billy Grant, Professional Staff Member
      Mallory Cogar, Deputy Director of Operations and Chief Clerk

                      Contact Number: 202-225-5074

                  Jamie Smith, Minority Staff Director
                      Contact Number: 202-225-5051

                                 ------                                
                         C  O  N  T  E  N  T  S

                              ----------                              

                                                                   Page

Hearing held on March 5, 2025....................................     1

                               WITNESSES

                              ----------                              

The Honorable Eric Adams, Mayor, City of New York
    Oral Statement...............................................     6

The Honorable Mike Johnston, Mayor, City and County of Denver
    Oral Statement...............................................     7

The Honorable Brandon Johnson, Mayor, City of Chicago
    Oral Statement...............................................     9

The Honorable Michelle Wu, Mayor, City of Boston
    Oral Statement...............................................    10

Mr. David J. Bier (Minority Witness), Director of Immigration 
  Studies, Cato Institute
    Oral Statement...............................................    12

Written opening statements and bios are available on the U.S. 
  House of Representatives Document Repository at: 
  docs.house.gov.

                           INDEX OF DOCUMENTS

                              ----------                              

  * Report, Cato Institute, ``President Obama: Deporter-In-
  Chief''; submitted by Rep. Connolly.

  * Statement for the Record, LEAP, Anti-Sanctuary Bill 
  Opposition Letter; submitted by Rep. Connolly.

  * Statement for the Record, AFL-CIO, H.R. 32; submitted by Rep. 
  Connolly.

  * Statement for the Record, LEITF, H.R. 32; submitted by Rep. 
  Connolly.

  * Statement for the Record, NIJC; submitted by Rep. Connolly.

  * Statement for the Record, NILC; submitted by Rep. Connolly.

  * Statement for the Record, Jewish organizations, No Bailout 
  for Sanctuary Cities Act; submitted by Rep. Connolly.

  * Statement for the Record, Interfaith letter, Supporting 
  Jurisdictions that Welcome Immigrants; submitted by Rep. 
  Connolly.

  * Report, CAP, ``Trump's Rash Immigration Actions Place Cruelty 
  and Spectacle Above Security''; submitted by Rep. Ansari.

  * Article, Gazette, ``$2M to Defend Denver, City Hires Law Firm 
  Before Johnston's Sanctuary City Hearing''; submitted by Rep. 
  Boebert.

  * Article, Gazette, ``Denver Mayor Offloads Immigrants on 
  Aurora''; submitted by Rep. Boebert.
                           INDEX OF DOCUMENTS

                              ----------                              


  * Article, 9News, ``Denver passes immigration ordinance 
  restricting city cooperation with ICE''; submitted by Rep. 
  Boebert.

  * Article, 9News, ``Denver, Aurora Mayors say Venezuelan gang 
  coverage is exaggerated''; submitted by Rep. Boebert.

  * Newcomers Playbook: A Guide To Welcoming Newcomers Into Your 
  City, Denver, April 2024; submitted by Rep. Boebert.

  * Press Deck-City and County of Denver 2025 Proposed Budget; 
  submitted by Rep. Boebert.

  * Report, Cato Institute, ``President Obama: Deporter-In-
  Chief''; submitted by Rep. Cloud.

  * Article, NPR, ``Criminal records of Jan. 6 rioters pardoned 
  by Trump include rape, domestic violence''; submitted by Rep. 
  Connolly.

  * Article, Associated Press, ``Trump is putting mass 
  deportations at the heart of his campaign''; submitted by Rep. 
  Connolly.

  * Article, BBC, ``Trump vows to use U.S. military for mass 
  deportations''; submitted by Rep. Connolly.

  * Letter, February 21, 2025, from Reps. Connolly, Lee, Raskin, 
  and McBath, to Attorney General Pamela Bondi, re: Corruption; 
  submitted by Rep. Connolly.

  * X Post, ICE Denver, ``Suspected TdA Gang Member Released from 
  Denver Co Jail''; submitted by Rep. Crank.

  * Article, The Economist, ``How Boston became the safest big 
  city in America''; submitted by Rep. Crockett.

  * Article, Wired, ``U.S. Funding Cuts Are Helping Criminals Get 
  Away With Child Abuse and Human Trafficking''; submitted by 
  Rep. Crockett.

  * Report, InsightCrime, ``2024 Homicide Round-Up''; submitted 
  by Rep. Crockett.

  * Report, USAFacts.org, ``Which States Rely the Most on Federal 
  Aid'' submitted by Rep. Crockett.

  * Report, Chicago Office of the Inspector General, ``Advisory 
  Concerning Gifts Accepted on Behalf of the City''; submitted by 
  Rep. Gill.

  * 8 U.S. Code Sec. 1324; submitted by Rep. Greene.

  * Article, NewsNationNow, ``Chicago police reminded they can't 
  cooperate with mass deportation raids''; submitted by Rep. 
  Jack.

  * Article, CBS, ``Denver Mayor Johnston rebukes Congressional 
  Republicans after Committee request to testify''; submitted by 
  Rep. Luna.

  * Boston Trust Act 2019; submitted by Rep. Luna.

  * Letter, Hagan Scotten Resignation; submitted by Rep. Ocasio-
  Cortez.

  * Letter, Resignation of Danielle Sassoon; submitted by Rep. 
  Ocasio-Cortez.

  * Article, USA Today, ``DHS agents shift to deportation instead 
  of trafficking''; submitted by Rep. Pressley.

  * Article, NPR, ``Fearful amid ICE crackdowns, some immigrants 
  are skipping health care''; submitted by Rep. Pressley.

  * Article, Hechinger Report, ``Parents Pull Kids from Childcare 
  Due To Immigration Fears''; submitted by Rep. Pressley.

  * Article, Boston Globe, ``Trump's Immigration Policies Prompt 
  Some Children to Skip School''; submitted by Rep. Pressley.

  * Article, CNN, ``11-Year-Old Died by Suicide After Bullying 
  Over Immigration Status''; submitted by Rep. Pressley.
                           INDEX OF DOCUMENTS

                              ----------                              

  * Report, Joint Economic Committee, ``Mass Deportations Would 
  Deliver a Catastrophic Blow to the U.S. Economy''; submitted by 
  Rep. Pressley.

  * Report, CATO, ``Illegal Immigration and Crime in Texas''; 
  submitted by Rep. Pressley.

  * Report, American Immigration Council, ``Mass Deportation: 
  Devastating Costs to America, Its Budget and Economy''; 
  submitted by Reps. Pressley and Ansari.

  * Article, New York Times, ``Trump Administration Is Frustrated 
  Over Pace of Deportations''; submitted by Rep. Randall.

  * Article, Northwestern Now, ``Immigrants are significantly 
  less likely to commit crimes than the U.S.-born''; submitted by 
  Rep. Stansbury.

  * Article, NPR, ``Immigrants less likely to commit crimes than 
  U.S.-born''; submitted by Rep. Stansbury.

  * Article, Stanford, ``The mythical tie between immigration and 
  crime''; submitted by Rep. Stansbury.

  * Article, Scientific American, ``Undocumented Immigrants Half 
  as Likely to Be Arrested for Violent Crimes as U.S.''; 
  submitted by Rep. Stansbury.

The documents listed are available at: docs.house.gov.

                          ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS

                              ----------                              

  * Questions for the Record: to Mayor Johnston; submitted by 
  Rep. Mace.

  * Questions for the Record: to Mayor Wu; submitted by Rep. 
  Mace.

  * Questions for the Record: to Mayor Adams; submitted by Rep. 
  Mace.

  * Questions for the Record: to Mayor Johnson; submitted by Rep. 
  Mace.

These documents were submitted after the hearing, and may be 
  available upon request.


                  A HEARING WITH SANCTUARY CITY MAYORS

                              ----------                              


                        Wednesday, March 5, 2025

                     U.S. House of Representatives

              Committee on Oversight and Government Reform

                                           Washington, D.C.

    The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:03 a.m., in 
room HVC-210, Capitol Visitor Center, Hon. James Comer 
(Chairman of the Committee) presiding.
    Present: Representatives Comer, Jordan, Turner, Gosar, 
Foxx, Grothman, Cloud, Palmer, Higgins, Sessions, Biggs, Mace, 
Fallon, Donalds, Perry, Timmons, Burchett, Greene, Boebert, 
Luna, Langworthy, Burlison, Crane, Jack, McGuire, Gill, 
Connolly, Norton, Lynch, Krishnamoorthi, Khanna, Brown, 
Stansbury, Garcia, Frost, Lee, Casar, Crockett, Randall, 
Subramanyam, Ansari, Bell, Simon, Min, Pressley, and Tlaib.
    Also present: LaHood, Evans, Crank, Hurd, Ocasio-Cortez, 
Gillen, and Davis.
    Chairman Comer. The hearing on the Committee of Oversight 
and Government Reform will come to order. I want to welcome 
everyone here today.
    Without objection, the Chair may declare a recess at any 
time.
    I now recognize myself for the purpose of delivering an 
opening statement.
    Good morning and welcome to today's full Committee hearing 
on sanctuary cities with the mayors of four American cities: 
Boston, New York, Chicago, and Denver. Over the past 4 years, 
the Biden Administration created the worst border crisis in 
American history. The Democrats said that President Biden did 
not have the power or the money to stop the flow of illegal 
aliens at the Southwest border. It turns out the only thing 
President Biden did not have was the willpower. In a few short 
weeks, President Trump has proved what we all know to be true. 
The Biden Administration could have stopped a crisis at any 
moment, if only they had the courage to enforce the law.
    Since President Trump assumed office, illegal entries at 
the Southwest border have plummeted to a 94-percent drop in 1 
month--94 percent. Under President Trump, the world knows that 
there are consequences for unlawful entry into the United 
States. The border crisis was not the result of climate change, 
a lack of resources, or a failure to grant amnesty. It was the 
result of the last Administration's deliberate choice. 
President Biden enacted policy starting on the day he assumed 
office to allow millions of unvetted, illegal aliens to pour 
into the United States. Many of these illegal aliens have long 
rap sheets that include violent crimes. President Trump has an 
electoral mandate from the American people to deliver on his 
promises to secure the border and enforce the immigration laws 
of the United States, and he is delivering on this promise big 
time.
    The mayors here today each lead so-called sanctuary cities. 
And let us be clear--these policies only create sanctuary for 
criminals. Sanctuary policies violate Federal immigration law 
by protecting criminal aliens at the expense of the American 
people. Sanctuary cities and states refuse to cooperate with 
Federal immigration enforcement efforts and harbor illegal 
aliens. They often actively work to stand in the way of 
President Trump's mission to protect the American people and 
restore integrity to the American immigration system and the 
rule of law. Sanctuary cities forbid their officials, including 
those in law enforcement and public safety roles, from sharing 
information about illegal aliens in their cities with the 
Federal Government or turning over criminals in their custody 
to ICE. As a result, sanctuary cities release criminal illegal 
aliens back onto the streets where they often go on to commit 
more crimes.
    In Chicago, for example, an illegal alien who was recently 
arrested for killing a 63-year-old man had previously been 
arrested in Chicago for trying to lure a child. ICE lodged a 
detainer against a criminal alien, but Chicago authorities 
released him back onto the street because of the city's 
reckless sanctuary policy, and now an innocent man is dead 
because of Chicago's refusal to follow the law. These reckless 
sanctuary policies also force Federal immigration officers to 
go into local communities to apprehend criminal illegal aliens.
    If sanctuary cities were to simply communicate and work 
with Federal immigration authorities, then Federal agents could 
arrest criminal illegal aliens in a secure environment, like a 
state or local jail. Instead, they have to risk their own 
safety and public safety by having to go into uncertain, 
dangerous circumstances just to make arrests. Sanctuary cities 
make us all less safe and are a public safety nightmare. That 
is why I launched an investigation into sanctuary cities and 
why these mayors are here today. We cannot let pro-criminal 
alien policies and obstructionist sanctuary cities continue to 
endanger American communities and the safety of Federal 
immigration enforcement officers.
    Today, Mayors Wu, Johnson, Johnston, and Adams will be 
publicly accountable for their failure to follow the law and 
protect the American people. President Trump and his 
Administration are taking action against sanctuary cities, and 
Congress must follow not by allowing a single penny of Federal 
funding to go to cities and states that prioritize criminal 
aliens over the American people.
    I now yield to Ranking Member Connolly for his opening 
statement.
    Mr. Connolly. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Every Member here 
today, Democrats and Republicans alike, agrees that violent 
criminals do not belong in our communities. We all want our 
cities to be safe and have zero tolerance for violent crime, 
irrespective of the status of the perpetrator. Where we 
disagree is that my Republican colleagues prefer a selective 
application of the law to shield the President of the United 
States from accountability and this Administration from the 
rule of law itself. In America, we uphold the rule of law, 
independent from partisan politics without fear or favor.
    Betraying those convictions, President Trump's Department 
of Justice has tried to force the conditional dismissal of very 
serious charges against one of our witnesses here today in 
exchange for that witness' total and complete submission to the 
radical immigration agenda being propounded by the 
Administration. And the DOJ has done so over the objections of 
a Republican acting U.S. Attorney whom President Trump 
appointed. Rather than enabling a flagrant corruptive quid pro 
quo, seven Federal prosecutors, seven, including Republicans, 
resigned. One of them, a former clerk to Chief Justice John 
Roberts of the Supreme Court, said that anyone in his position 
``would know that our laws and traditions do not allow using 
the prosecutorial power to influence other citizens, much less 
elected officials in this way.'' History is calling on us now 
to stand up for those laws and traditions. Doing so also 
demands an affirmation of state and local sovereignty in 
determining the most effective ways to keep residents safe in 
compliance with Federal law. To deny this sovereignty is an 
assault on the independence of every American city across the 
country.
    Today, Republicans have hauled before us the mayors of four 
major American cities to frame them as lawless because those 
cities have some limits in how intrusively and aggressively 
their own officials can conduct Federal immigration operations 
and responsibilities. Let us be clear: the state and local laws 
that Republicans have issue with today are in full compliance 
with Federal law. They do not obstruct ICE from carrying out 
its duties, and they are backed by evidence demonstrating that 
they keep people safe and safer in counties with laws that do 
not honor extrajudicial civil detainers and had significantly 
lower levels of violent crime than counties that have them. 
Mayors, police chiefs, sheriffs, and local leaders have made 
clear that the way to combat violent crime is allowing the 
local police to do their local job of ensuring public safety in 
their own communities as they account for it. Commandeering 
them to spend limited time and resources as Federal agents is a 
non-starter and can contribute to crime and non-cooperation in 
immigrant communities throughout the country.
    At this year's Conservative Political Action Conference, 
Border Czar Tom Homan said he is ``bringing hell'' to the city 
of Boston until it complies with his demands. I do not know 
what that means. Boston is my hometown, and I am glad to 
welcome our mayor, Mayor Wu, and her 1-month-old baby here 
today, but I do not know that Boston welcomes Mr. Homan or 
anyone else bringing hell to the city.
    The Republican crusade against local independence does not 
just undermine public safety in our communities. It is 
blatantly cruel, and I say, inhumane and un-American. Kenia 
Colindres, her husband, Wilson Rogelio Velasquez Cruz, and 
their three children came to the United States in 2022 seeking 
asylum, a legal category of immigration, after escaping 
violence in Honduras. Wilson was granted a 5-year work permit 
allowing him to work at a tire shop and to provide for his 
family here in the United States. Kenia said that her husband 
had never been in trouble and was ``a man of God.'' On January 
26, the family of five was in church when Wilson was lured out 
by an ICE agent waiting to arrest him. Despite having valid 
work permits, the Trump Administration refused to hear his 
appeal and is actively deporting him. Wilson was the sole 
breadwinner for his family. Now Kenia has to worry about how 
she is going to pay the bills and take care of her three 
children, on top of the fears that she and her children might 
be next.
    Last week in El Monte, California, Xitlali, a woman who is 
battling bone cancer, tearfully watched as her mother, Yolanda, 
cried inconsolably as she was detained by ICE agents, who 
refused to even present the detention order. Yolanda was 
Xitlali's sole caretaker in her struggle against cancer and has 
no criminal record, and now Xitlali is on her own.
    ICE is also conducting massive raids in cities and towns 
that have led to the wrongful detention of U.S. citizens, 
including Native Americans and military veterans. One school 
district sent a letter to parents warning that ICE may board 
school buses and demand documents from children. Children are 
going to be afraid to go to school. One reportedly wrote a 
goodbye note to friends saying, ``If ICE takes me, do not 
forget about me.'' ``If ICE takes me, do not forget about me,'' 
from a child. Is that the country we want?
    America needs immigration policies to keep everyone safe 
and make the country stronger, and allow us to grow and fill in 
the skill sets we do not have. If President Trump was serious 
about delivering those solutions, he would not be attacking the 
Constitution's guarantee of citizenship to children born in the 
United States. To see our country through this period of 
darkness, we need leaders who will stand up for the rule of law 
and will champion public safety at the local level, and 
American families, whether they are immigrant families or 
native-born families, deserve due process, deserve respect, and 
deserve that Statue of Liberty that welcomes all comers. I 
yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The Ranking Member yields back. I request 
unanimous consent that Representatives LaHood of Illinois, 
LaLota of New York, Crank of Colorado, Malliotakis of New York, 
Hurd of Colorado, Evans of Colorado, Van Duyne of Texas, 
Ocasio-Cortez of New York, Gillen of New York, and Davis of 
Illinois be waived onto today's hearing for the purpose of 
asking questions.
    Without objection, so ordered.
    Before we introduce the witnesses, I recognize Mr. Higgins 
from Louisiana for 20 seconds.
    Mr. Higgins. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I thank the 
Ranking Member as well. Just to briefly respectfully recognize 
the presence of the family of Wesley Haynes, a constituent. I 
will speak to his case in my time, Mr. Chairman. His parents, 
Patrick and Kathy, his wife Olivia, his little brother Brady, 
are present today, and they have a hard exit soon. Their 4-
month-old daughter, Ann Marie, is waiting at home for Olivia to 
care for her, and I just respectfully acknowledge their 
presence, Mr. Chairman and Mr. Ranking Member. We will discuss 
the details of their case. They tragically lost Wesley Haynes 
last year.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for allowing me to recognize this 
beautiful American family.
    Chairman Comer. Thank you, Mr. Higgins. I am very pleased 
today to welcome our outstanding witness panel, the mayors of 
four major American cities.
    First, we have Mayor Eric Adams, who is an outstanding 
Mayor of New York City. He was sworn into office on January 1, 
2022. We have Mayor Mike Johnston, who is the Mayor of the City 
and County of Denver. He was sworn into office on July 17, 
2023. I now recognize Representative Krishnamoorthi from 
Illinois for 1 minute to introduce our next witness.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Mr. Chair, I am pleased to introduce 
Brandon Johnson, Mayor of the greatest city in the world, 
namely Chicago, a city that was built by generations of 
immigrants, people like my parents and myself. Mayor Johnson 
was raised in Elgin, Illinois, which I am proud to represent in 
Congress. The Mayor was 1 of 10 children born to Andrew and 
Wilma Jean Johnson. His parents inspired him to become a 
teacher in the Chicago Public Schools and then later to run for 
office. Mayor Johnson won his first race for Cook County 
Commissioner in 2018 and later became Mayor of Chicago in 2023. 
Mayor Johnson has dedicated his life to public service, and I 
am pleased to welcome my fellow Illinoian to the U.S. House of 
Representatives and to the Oversight Committee. Welcome, mayor.
    Chairman Comer. I now recognize Representative Pressley 
from Massachusetts for 1 minute to introduce our next witness.
    Ms. Pressley. Thank you, Mr. Chair. I am proud to introduce 
Mayor Michelle Wu, a dedicated leader, committed to making 
Boston a welcoming home for everyone and the first woman and 
person of color to be elected Mayor in the city of Boston. For 
over a decade, I have had the privilege of working alongside 
Mayor Wu and witnessing her dedication to public service 
firsthand. She leads with compassion. She is innovative and 
inclusive. Under her leadership, Boston has become the safest 
major city in America, a city that is welcoming to families 
from all walks of life. Just weeks ago, she welcomed her newest 
family member, Baby Mira, who is with us today, a beautiful 
reminder of the future she is working to build. Madam Mayor, I 
am grateful for your partnership, friendship, and leadership. 
Thank you for being here.
    Chairman Comer. The gentlelady yields back. And finally, we 
are also joined by Mr. David Bier, who is the Director of 
Immigration Studies at the Cato Institute. Mr. Bier is the 
minority witness here today. I want to thank you all again for 
joining us, and I look forward to our discussion this 
afternoon.
    Pursuant to Committee Rule 9(g), the witnesses will please 
stand and raise their right hand.
    Do you solemnly swear or affirm that the testimony you are 
about to give is the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but 
the truth, so help you God?
    [A chorus of ayes.]
    Chairman Comer. Let the record show that the witnesses 
answered in the affirmative. Thank you all. You may take a 
seat. We again appreciate you being here today and look forward 
to your testimony.
    Now let me remind the witnesses that we have read your 
written statement, and they will appear in full in the hearing 
record. Please limit your oral statement to 5 minutes and we 
are going to limit our questions to 5 minutes, and that is 
going to be enforced today, and that is for both sides.
    As a reminder, please press the button on the microphone in 
front of you so that it is on, and the Members can hear you. 
When you begin to speak, the light in front of you will turn 
green. After 4 minutes, the light will turn yellow. When the 
red light comes on, your 5 minutes have expired, and we would 
ask that you please wrap up.
    I now recognize Mayor Adams for his opening statement.

                 STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE ERIC ADAMS

                                 MAYOR

                            CITY OF NEW YORK

    Mr. Adams. Well, good morning, Chairman Comer, Ranking 
Member Connolly, and Members of the Committee. As Mayor of New 
York City, and a former police officer for 22 years, keeping 
New York as safe is my top priority and it has been our 
administration's North Star. When I entered this role, my job 
was to help our city recover from the negative effects of 
COVID, most importantly, to bring down crime. As a result, 
overall crime was down across New York City last year, and we 
have now had 3 straight months of double-digit declines in 
major crimes. I am here today to testify on how New York City 
can continue to reduce crime even as a sanctuary city.
    To be clear, a sanctuary city classification does not mean 
our city will ever be a safe haven for violent criminals. It 
also does not give New York City the authority to violate 
Federal immigration laws. To the contrary, New York City will 
always comply with city, state, and Federal laws as it does 
now. Law-abiding immigrants in New York have an important role. 
Immigrant New Yorkers, including those who are undocumented, 
pay billions of dollars in taxes and contribute billions more 
in spending power to our economy. Immigrants also play a vital 
role in the functioning of the city. This was on full display 
during the COVID-19 pandemic. The various immigrant residents 
of our city worked to keep the city moving while many other New 
Yorkers were able to shelter in place and work remotely. 
Hospitals, the food industry, and many other businesses were 
able to function because of the commitment of our immigrant 
population.
    As Mayor, I do not control who enters or remains in our 
country, but I do have to manage the population that is within 
our city. In order to carry out this function without having 
long-term negative ramification, I must create an atmosphere 
that allows every law-abiding resident, documented or not, to 
access vital services without fear of being turned over to 
Federal authorities. I cannot have a city where parents are 
afraid to send their children to school or where children are 
sleeping on the streets, creating the potential for child 
exploitation and sex trafficking. If an undocumented person 
refuses to seek medical care until they have a medical 
emergency, our city's healthcare system will be strained. And 
if an undocumented individual witnesses a crime but is afraid 
to call 9-1-1 for fear of being turned over to Federal 
authorities, criminals will roam free.
    It reminds me of my early days as a police officer. I have 
seen firsthand the damage that can be done when someone is too 
afraid to seek out the police. Early in my career, I responded 
to a man who was calling out for help. We caught the suspect, 
but when it came to filling out the police report, the 
individual, an undocumented man from China, said he did not 
want to file a report and put a target on his back with Federal 
immigration authorities.
    Approximately 4 decades later, our country still is in 
desperate need of comprehensive immigration reform. And as a 
result, New York City was hit with the largest humanitarian 
crisis in our city's history over the last 3 years. Federal law 
did not allow me to stop buses from entering New York City. 
State law requires me to provide all in our city with housing 
and meals and to educate children. City law makes it unlawful 
to collaborate with ICE for civil enforcement. We comply with 
all of these legal requirements and still manage the 
humanitarian crisis with care and compassion, while at the same 
time bringing down crime, recovering our economy, and 
preventing any child from being forced to sleep on the streets.
    Comprehensive immigration reform is long overdue. While the 
solution is not within my control as a mayor, I am committed to 
working with Federal officials to go after violent gangs and 
those who harm residents of our city. This is why we have over 
330 NYPD officers assigned to different Federal joint task 
forces, over 70 of which are assigned to task forces with 
Homeland Security Investigation, the criminal investigation arm 
of ICE. Those task forces focus on many different important 
priorities, including going after violent gangs and child 
exploitation.
    I look forward to sharing New York City collaborations that 
we do daily with our city, state, and Federal partners to keep 
New York City to continue to be the safest big city in America. 
Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. Thank you. I now recognize Denver Mayor 
Johnston for his opening statement.

                STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE MIKE JOHNSTON

                                 MAYOR

                       CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER

    Mr. Johnston. Good morning, Mr. Chairman, and thank you for 
inviting me to testify today.
    This Committee convened this hearing on the critical topic 
of immigration. I want to tell you Denver's story. When I 
became Mayor 20 months ago, Denver was already receiving buses 
of immigrants with little to no notice or coordination. At one 
point, we were receiving 10 to 11 buses a day, dropping off as 
many as 300 people, mostly women and children in 10-degree 
weather with only sandals and a tee shirt, leaving them in 
danger of freezing to death on our streets. All told, 42,000 
people arrived in Denver over 18 months, the largest per capita 
influx of any city in America.
    We are each entitled to our own opinion about what should 
happen at the border, but that was not the question facing 
Denver. The question Denver faced was, what will you do with a 
mom and two kids dropped on the streets of our city with no 
warm clothes, no food, and no place to stay? As Mayor, I have 
to protect the health and safety of everyone in our city. As a 
man of faith, I have a moral obligation to care for those in 
need. As Scripture says, ``For I was hungry and you gave me 
something to eat. I was thirsty, you gave me something to 
drink. I was a stranger, and you invited me in.'' So, that is 
what we did.
    In Denver, we believe our problems are solvable and we are 
the ones to solve them, so we went to work. When we started, we 
had the largest encampment in Denver history with more than 200 
migrant families living in freezing temperatures, so we opened 
eight different city shelters housing 5,000 people. City 
employees volunteered to take extra shifts, and Denver 
residents stepped up, making meals, donating clothes, 
furniture, school supplies. Some even welcomed families into 
their own homes. We helped 8,700 eligible individuals apply for 
work authorization so they could put food on their own table, 
pay their own rent, and reduce the strain on public resources.
    As a result, a year later, there is not a single migrant 
encampment left in the city. We have closed all of our 
shelters. We have connected people to jobs and housing, and the 
city's immigrant support budget has dropped by nearly 90 
percent, and in the midst of this, migrants did not bring a 
wave of crime to Denver. In fact, crime went down. Homicides 
dropped 17 percent. Shooting victims dropped 24 percent. Auto 
theft down 29 percent.
    America is not just a place, it is a belief. Some people 
are born into it. Some fight their whole life to get to it. It 
is a belief that all are created equal. It is a belief that it 
does not matter where you came from if you are willing to fight 
hard enough. Julian Becerra's parents believed that, so they 
brought him to this country from Mexico when he was 10. They 
taught him respect, and they taught him to love and serve his 
community. As an adult, he decided the most honorable way to 
serve his community was in uniform, so he enlisted in the Air 
Force. Then he served as a sheriff, then finally as a police 
officer, where he served with distinction until 1 day he was 
pursuing a criminal on a dangerous bridge and fell to his 
death.
    In the midst of the immigration crisis, I attended the 
fallen officer's memorial as I watched officers hand Officer 
Becerra's 10-year-old daughter a folded American flag. I 
watched her cry as she wrapped her little arms around that flag 
and holding it tight the way she wished she could hold her dad 
but never will again. For the rest of her life, she will 
cherish that flag, that American flag, because it is the 
country that her dad loved. It is the country he chose. It is 
the country he served. It is the country he gave his life for. 
So, if we want to tell the story of what impact immigrants have 
in America, we must tell the full story. That story must 
acknowledge that this country is lucky to have people like 
Julian Becerra, who love this country enough to risk their 
lives, to keep us safe, to keep all of us safe.
    When buses started showing up filled with migrants, some in 
my city were afraid, just like I am sure some of your 
constituents were afraid. They were afraid about crime and 
homelessness, and worried about what these new people might 
take away from them. I understand that fear, and the truth is, 
people who are new to this country do good and bad just like 
all of us, but there is another truth. When those buses kept on 
coming, Denver made a choice as a city, not to hate each other, 
but to help each other, not to turn on each other, but to turn 
to each other and see if together we could solve a problem that 
felt bigger than any one of us, and that is what we did. It was 
not perfect and it required sacrifice from all of us, but in 
the end, Denver came out stronger and closer than we were 
before because Americans expect us to do more than point 
fingers. They expect us to solve problems.
    So, if Denver can find a way to put aside our ideological 
differences long enough to manage a crisis we did not choose or 
create, it seems only fair to ask that the body that is 
actually charged with solving this national problem, this 
Congress, can finally commit to do the same. Thank you, Mr. 
Chairman.
    Chairman Comer. Thank you. I now recognize Chicago Mayor 
Johnson for his opening statement.

               STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE BRANDON JOHNSON

                                 MAYOR

                            CITY OF CHICAGO

    Mr. Johnson. Thank you, Chairman Comer. Thank you to the 
Ranking Member Connolly and to Members of this Committee. I 
have the great privilege and honor of serving as Mayor of the 
city of Chicago, the third largest city in the Nation. 
Established by a Black Haitian man and a Potawatomi woman, 
Chicago is and always has been a proud city of immigrants. 
Generations of new arrivals, including the descendants of the 
enslaved during the Great Migration, created a vibrant city 
where one in five residents is foreign born. Each day, I wake 
up to serve every one of Chicago's 77 unique neighborhoods and 
those who live in our great city.
    As Mayor of Chicago, nothing is more important to me than 
the safety and well-being of all residents, and since I was 
elected, my administration has been laser focused on creating 
and implementing public safety initiatives that protect all 
Chicagoans. We launched the People's Plan for Community Safety, 
which builds trust between communities and law enforcement by 
prioritizing transparency and violence intervention. We 
established a dedicated robbery task force that reduced 
robberies by 25 percent citywide. We added over 200 detectives, 
increasing the clearance rates on our cases, and we have 
updated police equipment and technology so that our police 
officers have the tools they need to effectively prevent and 
fight crime.
    Our efforts to improve public safety by building trust with 
and investing in our communities are working. Violent crime is 
down in Chicago. The city ended 2024 with its lowest homicide 
rate in 5 years. The city is also safer because of our 
Welcoming City Ordinance. That law makes sure that the city's 
police resources are focused on our local priorities. In fact, 
40 years of Chicago's leaders have recognized that our policies 
toward civil immigration matters help to prevent and solve 
crimes.
    Put simply, any actions that amplify fears of deportations 
make Chicago more dangerous. Those fears cause witnesses and 
victims to avoid cooperating with police. The cooperation of 
all people, regardless of their immigration status, is 
essential to achieving the city's goals of reducing crime and 
pursuing justice for victims. When there is trust between 
cities' residents and the police, undocumented immigrants come 
forward to report crimes to local law enforcement and provide 
information that helps the police solve those crimes.
    And now, I know there are myths about these laws, but we 
must not let mischaracterizations and fearmongering obscure the 
reality that Chicago's crime rates are trending down. We still 
have a long way to go, but sensationalizing tragedy in the name 
of political expediency is not governing. It is grandstanding. 
Every violent crime is devastating, but scapegoating entire 
communities is not only misleading, it is unjust and it is 
beneath us. So, let me be clear. Chicago's Welcoming City 
Ordinance and our other laws and policies do not lead to more 
crime. They do not prevent cooperation with Federal law 
enforcement on criminal matters, and we do not harbor 
criminals. We arrest them, often because of laws that allow 
residents to feel safe helping the police.
    As Mayor, I am building a Chicago that embodies the dream 
that my father had when he came from Sallis, Mississippi during 
the Second Migration, a Chicago that invest in housing, 
healthcare, jobs, and education. And that is why we have 
increased safe and stable housing by adding almost 4,000 more 
units, expanded access to healthcare by opening three mental 
health centers, and focused on getting our young people well-
paying jobs with summer jobs increasing by 45 percent since I 
have taken office.
    Our local partnerships have built a solid foundation for a 
better, stronger, and a much safer Chicago. We need this body 
of support for these efforts. We are ready to partner with you 
on the measures we know promote trust and create sustainable 
public safety. And to the people of Chicago and all hardworking 
people across this great Nation, these values are our North 
Star, the drinking gourd we follow to a better future. We will 
not live in fear. It is not our portion. We will not go back. I 
do look forward to answering the questions of this Committee. 
Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. Thank you. I now recognize Boston Mayor Wu 
for her opening statement.

                 STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE MICHELLE WU

                                 MAYOR

                             CITY OF BOSTON

    Ms. Wu. Thank you. Chairman Comer, Ranking Member Connolly, 
and Members of the Committee, my name is Michelle Wu. I am the 
daughter of immigrants, and since November 2021, I have had the 
honor of serving as Mayor of Boston. I am proud to be here on 
behalf of our city--the police officers, first responders, city 
workers, the faith leaders, teachers, parents, and neighbors, 
who partner every day to make Boston the safest major city in 
the Nation. And I am proud every day to work alongside the 
greatest police commissioner in the Nation, Commissioner 
Michael Cox.
    Every year since I took office, we have set a new record 
low for gun violence in Boston. Last year, Boston saw the 
fewest homicides on record in the last 70 years. Those are the 
facts, and behind these record lows are historic highs: the 
most-ever young people working paid summer jobs, the most pre-K 
seats at no cost to families, the most affordable housing built 
in a generation. We have invested in the kinds of opportunities 
that cultivate prosperity and eradicate crime, and the laws on 
our books promote the kind of community trust that keeps all of 
us safe.
    In Boston, our police department resources and taxpayer 
dollars go toward preventing and solving crimes, and when it 
comes to criminal matters, the Boston police partner every day 
with state and Federal law enforcement. But Massachusetts state 
law and the Boston Trust Act make clear that immigration is 
Federal law enforcement's responsibility. We are the safest 
major city in the country because our gun laws are the 
strongest in the Nation, because our officers have built 
relationships over decades, and because all of our residents 
can trust that when they call 9-1-1 in the event of an 
emergency or to report a crime, help will come.
    This Federal Administration's approach is undermining that 
trust. In the past month, I have met with residents and faith 
leaders in community centers and places of worship, asking my 
constituents what they want Congress to know, and what I heard 
over and over again was fear and frustration. I spoke with 
pastors whose pews are half empty on Sundays, doctors whose 
patients are missing appointments, teachers whose students are 
not coming to class, neighbors afraid to report crimes in their 
communities, and victims of violence who will not call the 
police. This Federal administration is making hardworking, tax-
paying, God-fearing residents afraid to live their lives. A 
city that is scared, is not a city that is safe. A land ruled 
by fear is not the land of the free.
    Next month, Boston will celebrate 250 years of our Nation's 
freedom, and in every one of those years, Boston has welcomed 
the world to our shores, from the English immigrants fleeing 
religious persecution, to the Irish forced out by famine, to 
the families from Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Cabo Verde, 
Vietnam, and so many more who call Boston home today.
    We are the safest major city in the Nation. We are home to 
the greatest healthcare, the greatest colleges and 
universities, the most advanced innovators, and the 2024 World 
Champion Boston Celtics. We are the cradle of democracy and the 
city of champions. We are all of these things, not in spite of 
our immigrants, but because of them.
    One in seven signers of the Declaration of Independence 
were immigrants. On the last four Red Sox rosters to win a 
World Series, one in five were immigrants. Of all the faculty 
at Boston University to have earned a Nobel Prize, all but one 
were immigrants. Today, one in four Boston residents were born 
somewhere else. Most have jobs, many have kids, all of them 
chose this country as their home because, like my mom and dad, 
they believed that here, where you have been does not limit 
where you are going, the strength of your character has nothing 
to do with the color of your passport, and that how hard you 
work matters more than where you were born. That wherever you 
are from, if you pitch in, look out for your neighbors and 
cheer for the home team, you can build a better future here for 
the people you love.
    So, to every one of my neighbors back in Boston, know this, 
you belong here. This is your home. [Speaking foreign 
language.] This is our city. We are the safest major city in 
the Nation because we are safe for everyone. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. Thank you. I now recognize Mr. Bier for his 
opening statement.

                       STATEMENT OF DAVID J. BIER

                    DIRECTOR OF IMMIGRATION STUDIES

                           THE CATO INSTITUTE

    Mr. Bier. Chairman Comer, Ranking Member Connolly, and 
distinguished Members of the Committee, thank you for the 
opportunity to testify.
    The Cato Institute's half-century of independent research 
demonstrates that people of all races, religions, and 
birthplaces can thrive in a free society. Liberty must be 
protected, both from over-intrusive government and from private 
violence. Unfortunately, the President's chaotic, 
indiscriminate deportation plan does the opposite. It harms 
public safety, threatens Americans' rights, and undermines the 
successful integration of America's immigrants into its society 
and economy.
    The President's first action was to rescind the requirement 
that ICE target public safety threats first. He has ordered 
that millions of vetted immigrants be stripped of lawful status 
and deported. He is even attempting to deport the U.S.-born 
children of people without permanent status. This flagrantly 
unconstitutional act effectively orders a series of crimes, 
wrongful arrest, and imprisonment, civil rights violations, and 
unlawful deprivation of voting rights. Never before in American 
history has a President sought the power to strip potentially 
tens of millions of Americans of their constitutional rights.
    The President is also explicitly asserting the authority to 
ignore any law passed by you, Congress, that provides due 
process for people accused of being in the country illegally. 
The Administration has repeatedly misled you and the public 
about who it is targeting, stating it would focus on public 
safety threats, that only the worst of the worst would be sent 
to Guantanamo Bay, and that every person it had arrested had a 
criminal record. We now know that most ICE arrests since the 
inauguration have been people without a criminal record. 
Indeed, he is arresting people who entered legally, never 
violated any law, and sending them to Guantanamo Bay Prison.
    It is no surprise in this lawless environment that many 
people and many cities simply do not trust the Federal 
Government on immigration. That is a problem, but under our 
Constitution, states determine their policies. Congress cannot 
force them. It must reestablish trust. Unfortunately, some 
Members of Congress want to force an indiscriminate policy of 
mass deportation on the entire country with no public safety 
focus. If Congress wants more cooperation, it should address 
the concerns of these cities. What Congress should do is 
reestablish trust.
    An indiscriminate mass deportation agenda is a far greater 
threat to public safety than any city policy. A mountain of 
empirical research shows that reasonable restrictions on ICE 
cooperation do not increase crime rates and that immigrants 
lower crime rates. Immigrants, including illegal immigrants, 
commit crimes serious enough for them to be incarcerated at 
half the rate of U.S.-born Americans. Data from Texas shows 
that illegal immigrants are 36 percent less likely to commit 
and be convicted of murder. At least before this current mass 
deportation effort, immigrants were more likely to report 
crimes than U.S.-born Americans. Do not jeopardize that.
    Mass deportation is diverting law enforcement resources 
away from obtaining justice for victims. Indeed, it even 
targets the victims. Sabotaging local economies and 
obliterating communities will not restore public safety. It 
will make us poor while increasing the crime rate and 
victimization rate for Americans. There is a better approach. 
We do not need chaos and disorder of illegal immigration or of 
mass deportation.
    Why do people not come legally? Because Congress has 
provided so few options for them to do so, not updating its 
laws in the last 31/2 decades. Just 3 percent of those applying 
for permanent legal status in 2024 received it. That is the 
failed policy. Let peaceful immigrants pay to get vetted, work, 
and contribute legally, and let law enforcement at all levels 
focus on keeping Americans safe. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. Our witnesses have concluded their opening 
statements. We are going to begin with questions from Members. 
And I want to remind the Members, we have 60 Members today that 
are going to ask questions, so I am going to strictly enforce 
the 5 minutes. I will hit the gavel if anyone is still talking, 
and we will allow the witnesses to answer the question. But let 
us, please, be mindful we have a lot of questioners today for 
this very important hearing, and, again, we thank the 
witnesses.
    I will recognize myself to begin questions for 5 minutes, 
and I have limited time, so I want to start with a simple yes 
or no question. And I am going to hold you all to that because 
after the first question, then we will allow for a little more 
time. But, Mayor Johnston, in 2017, Denver prohibited city 
officials, including corrections officers, from assisting and 
cooperating with any investigation, detention, or arrest 
procedures related to Federal immigration laws. The city also 
stated that Federal immigration authorities shall not be 
granted access or allowed to use the secure areas of any city 
or county jail. Mayor Johnston, is Denver a sanctuary city?
    Mr. Johnston. A lot of folks use that term----
    Chairman Comer. Yes or no.
    Mr. Johnston. Sorry, Mr. Chairman. Folks use that term 
differently. I can tell you what Denver does. We do not----
    Chairman Comer. OK. I take that as a ``yes''. Yes or no. I 
take that as a ``yes''. Mayor Johnson, on March 10, 2023, you 
posted on X that Chicago must lead and live by the promise to 
be a sanctuary city. Is Chicago a sanctuary city?
    Mr. Johnson. A 40-year policy of being a welcoming city.
    Chairman Comer. Yes.
    Mr. Johnson. A 40-year policy----
    Chairman Comer. I take that as a ``yes''.
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. Of being a welcoming city.
    Chairman Comer. Mayor Wu, in November 2024, you gave an 
interview noting that you served on the city council a decade 
ago when the Boston Trust Act was first passed. You said in 
that interview that in terms of Boston's policy, there is a 
prohibition on resources and personnel going to enforce civil 
immigration detainers, meaning Boston Police and other 
departments cannot cooperate with ICE when it comes to 
detaining on civil warrants. Mayor, is Boston a sanctuary city?
    Ms. Wu. Boston is a safe city.
    Chairman Comer. I take that as a ``yes''. And Mayor Adams, 
on November 12, 2024, you said, ``This is a sanctuary city.'' 
But I must comment that you have--of the witnesses today of the 
major cities--you have publicly stated that you were willing to 
work with ICE on detaining the most criminal illegals, and I 
want to publicly thank you for that. But my question to you, 
sir, is New York City a sanctuary city?
    Mr. Adams. Based on our classification, yes.
    Chairman Comer. OK. Last year in a Boston suburb, an 
illegal alien raped and impregnated his 14-year-old daughter 
while living in a shelter for illegal aliens. Mayor Wu, under 
Boston law, would you turn this criminal over to ICE on a 
detainer?
    Ms. Wu. Whenever there is a criminal warrant, Boston police 
enforce that and hold people accountable.
    Chairman Comer. So, would you turn that criminal over to 
ICE?
    Ms. Wu. This happened outside the city of Boston, but I can 
tell you in the city, whenever someone commits a crime, 
whenever there is a criminal warrant, we hold them accountable. 
If ICE deems that they are dangerous enough to hold, obtain a 
criminal warrant, and the Boston police will enforce it.
    Chairman Comer. Will you turn that criminal over to ICE?
    Ms. Wu. We follow the laws----
    Chairman Comer. I take that as a no.
    Ms. Wu [continuing]. And we make sure that everyone is 
safe----
    Chairman Comer. In Chicago, an illegal alien who is a 
suspected member of a violent foreign gang, who was brought 
into custody for his potential involvement in a murder. He was 
released when Cook County declined to press charges. This 
illegal alien is also facing charges for kidnapping and 
sexually assaulting his former girlfriend last year. Now, he is 
on the streets. Mayor Johnson, under Chicago law, would you 
turn this criminal over to ICE on a detainer?
    Mr. Johnson. Our local law enforcement works hard every day 
to get criminals off the streets of Chicago, and----
    Chairman Comer. Would you turn that criminal over to ICE? 
That is the problem. That is one of the topics of this 
conversation. That is one of the problems we have heard from 
Tom Homan and from Homeland Security, is that in your cities, 
when someone is apprehended for a crime, and ICE is now, with 
this new Federal policy, wanting to come in and deport the 
criminal alien, that you will not cooperate with ICE. Will you 
turn that criminal over to ICE?
    Mr. Johnson. And we do not harbor criminals. Our local 
police department works hard every single day to ensure that 
the city of Chicago is safe.
    Chairman Comer. Yes or no. Will you turn the criminal over 
to ICE?
    Mr. Johnson. With a criminal warrant from the Federal 
Government, our local law enforcement repeatedly collaborates 
with Federal agents.
    Chairman Comer. So, you are saying publicly today, you will 
turn that alien over to ICE in a safe place, like a jail, and 
not turn them out on the street and say, here you go, ICE, good 
luck. You will turn that criminal over to ICE?
    Mr. Johnson. With a criminal warrant, as we have done for 
40 years----
    Chairman Comer. Should that criminal be turned over to ICE, 
sir?
    Mr. Johnson. With a criminal warrant, they are subject to 
the Federal laws, and that includes deportation.
    Chairman Comer. My time has expired. But again, the point 
that we have got to iron out today, is that we have to have 
cooperation. It is Federal law to turn over those illegal 
criminals to ICE, and we have heard reports and many of you 
have said publicly that you are going to obstruct that. That is 
against the law and we are going to hear more about that today. 
Now I recognize the Ranking Member Connolly for his 5 minutes.
    Mr. Connolly. Thank you. Mayor Wu, I quoted Tom Homan, the 
so-called border czar, saying that he was bringing hell to the 
city of Boston. What did you understand him to mean by that?
    Ms. Wu. Let us talk about Tom Homan. Shame on him for lying 
about my city, for having the nerve to insult our Police 
Commissioner, who has overseen the safest Boston has been in 
anyone's lifetime. Bring him here under oath and let us ask him 
some questions. I am here to make sure that the city of Boston 
is safe. Others may want to bring hell. We are here to bring 
peace to cities everywhere.
    Mr. Connolly. Mayor Johnston of Denver, what would your 
reaction be if Tom Homan wants to bring hell to your city, 
Denver?
    Mr. Johnston. We think that we have folks in Denver who are 
working hard, playing by the rules, paying taxes. There is no 
one that is seeking hell to come to Denver. What people are 
looking for is opportunity and hope, which is why we are 
available----
    Mr. Connolly. And for the record, he can do whatever he 
wants to do, I guess, but the fact of the matter is you 
absorbed, on a per capita basis, the largest immigration a year 
or two ago, and you indicated that your crime rate actually 
fell. It did not increase. Is that correct?
    Mr. Johnston. That is correct. Crime is down in Denver. We 
have homicides down 17 percent. Violent shootings are down 24 
percent----
    Mr. Connolly. I am sorry. I have got limited time. Mayor 
Wu, same thing in Boston. The Boston crime rate has been 
falling, correct?
    Ms. Wu. We had 24 homicides last year, 24, too many, but 
that represented a tremendous reduction, one of the biggest 
drops anywhere in the country.
    Mr. Connolly. Thank you. So, the correlation between 
immigration and crime is false, as you point out, Mr. Bier. 
Perhaps you can elaborate that. I find it ironic that you 
characterized correctly, in my view, President Trump and Tom 
Homan's approach to immigration as lawless when they are 
invoking law and order and crime as the rationale for their 
lawlessness. Could you expand on the lawlessness and the irony 
of the fact that, as you point out in your testimony, the crime 
rate among immigrants is half that of the native population?
    Mr. Bier. That is right. I have a table in my written 
testimony. You can look at top 20 cities for immigration court 
filings over the last 4 years. Nineteen of those cities saw a 
decline in their homicide rate. If you look at all of the major 
cities, there is a negative correlation between increasing 
numbers of immigrants and the homicide rate, so that means more 
immigrants, lower homicide rates that holds true across the 
United States. So, I think the correlation that is trying to be 
made is more immigrants, more illegal immigrants, more chaos, 
more crime, that does not hold.
    What we do see under this Administration is increasing 
willingness to ignore the laws. He has, as I mentioned, signed 
an executive order that says he can ignore due process rights 
for people who are accused of being in the country illegally. 
This is an incredibly dangerous assertion of authority and 
should be investigated by Congress.
    Mr. Connolly. And is it a reasonable proposition for our 
local leader? I know I was Chairman of my county, which is like 
being mayor of a large county, and, you know, we focused on 
local law enforcement. You know, we tried to help the Feds when 
we could. We were cooperative where we could be. But our job 
was local law enforcement, and there is a clash when ICE 
behaves this way, and I described some horrible incidents. It 
instills fear in the immigrant community, and it fosters non-
cooperation rather than cooperation, which is the mandate of 
each of these leaders, is it not?
    Mr. Bier. Absolutely. We want cooperation. Many of these 
cities are the reason why immigrants are more likely to 
cooperate and report crimes to the police than the U.S.-born 
population is. So, there are good reasons to limit this mass 
deportation of people in their communities.
    Mr. Connolly. I would just argue that the premise of this 
hearing is false. We have local law enforcement cooperating 
with the local political leadership, and it is working. It is 
bringing down crime rates, and the proposition that immigrants 
cause crime is false, in fact, patently false as your 
testimony, I think would demonstrate, Mr. Bier, and the idea 
that these are sanctuary cities that need to be punished is 
simply a war on urban America. And I am proud of the mayors who 
are in front of us here today, and I thank them for their 
testimony, and I thank them for their service to their local 
communities. I relate to it, and I think it is a noble calling. 
I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Ms. Boebert from Colorado.
    Ms. Boebert. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mayor Mike Johnston, 
I hope we can start off on a level-field of agreement here. So, 
in your testimony, you said that locals were asking Denver what 
will you do when they saw 10 to 11 buses coming in a day and 
42,000 illegal aliens entering their city. Denver, what will 
you do? And in a Fox31 interview in January, you blamed state 
law for not allowing the city of Denver to coordinate with ICE, 
resulting in Denver being a sanctuary city, saying, ``The whole 
state is bound by our state law in this, which is pretty 
consistent in some of these practices. Like, everywhere in the 
state, we do not honor ICE detainers.'' I have demanded 
Governor Jared Polis and the Colorado State Legislature to 
repeal them. Douglas County has led on a lawsuit to get those 
laws repealed. So, Mr. Mayor, would you join me today in 
calling and demanding that these sanctuary policies, these 
Colorado state laws be repealed?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Congresswoman. Let me say----
    Ms. Boebert. Yes or no, Mr. Mayor.
    Mr. Johnston. Pardon?
    Ms. Boebert. Yes or no, will you join me?
    Mr. Johnston. I do not believe the detainer law needs to be 
changed. I can tell you what Denver does right now----
    Ms. Boebert. OK. So, you do not want them to coordinate 
with ICE, but yet you are blaming the state of Colorado for 
those policies. It is a statewide law, it is not a Denver law, 
and you are blaming the state of Colorado for the law, yet you 
will not call for that law to be repealed, correct? Yes or no.
    Mr. Johnston. We do coordinate with ICE presently. I am 
happy to tell you what we do on this. We have honored detainer 
requests more than 1,226 times over the last few years.
    Ms. Boebert. What about before a warrant? There are many 
issues before a warrant.
    Mr. Johnston. What happens is if ICE sends us a detainer 
request, we would call a----
    Ms. Boebert. Well, you have local law enforcement officers, 
Mr. Mayor, who are unable to coordinate with ICE to even get 
the initial warrant. They are not allowed to tell them that 
they are illegal aliens, and unfortunately, you will not join 
me in asking for this law demanding that this law be repealed. 
So, let us keep going.
    In 2017, Denver passed an ordinance that ensured any city 
employee who spoke with Federal immigration authorities would 
be fired, among other policies that have led to local and 
national media outlets to call Denver a sanctuary city. So now 
let me ask you, would a city employee be fired for 
communicating with anyone from the EPA?
    Mr. Johnston. Right now, Congresswoman, our policies, we do 
not ask people's status right when they contact any----
    Ms. Boebert. Would any city employee be fired for 
communicating and coordinating, talking with, an agent from the 
EPA, a Federal employee?
    Mr. Johnston. Not to my knowledge, Congresswoman.
    Ms. Boebert. What about Health and Human Services? Would 
they get fired for talking with someone from Health and Human 
Services?
    Mr. Johnston. Not to my knowledge, Congresswoman.
    Ms. Boebert. So, they would only be fired for talking to 
Federal law enforcement officers?
    Mr. Johnston. No, that is incorrect, Congresswoman. Our----
    Ms. Boebert. This is an ordinance----
    Mr. Johnston [continuing]. City employees do, in fact----
    Ms. Boebert [continuing]. Denver passed in 2017, Mr. Mayor.
    Mr. Johnston. Our city employees do, in fact, communicate 
with ICE. We do coordinate on multiple things with ICE. For 
instance, if there is a violent criminal warrant in the city, 
we pursue that matter together.
    Ms. Boebert. No, we are talking before the warrants, Mr. 
Mayor. There are issues happening before warrants are issued 
and local law enforcement officers are unable to coordinate 
because there is no warrant, and your ordinance says that a 
city employee would be fired for communicating with Federal law 
enforcement. So, you have been Mayor for 600 days. Have you 
ever called for that ordinance to be repealed?
    Mr. Johnston. We are not unable to coordinate with ICE 
right now. We are in communication with ICE right now.
    Ms. Boebert. Only if there is a warrant, but I am talking 
prior to the warrant.
    Mr. Johnston. We would not have a reason to coordinate 
prior to the warrant.
    Ms. Boebert. Because you do not know if they are illegal 
because you are unable to coordinate until there is a warrant, 
so that is why this ordinance needs to be repealed. So now, in 
600 days, there has been no time to ask for this to be 
repealed. You did have a Newcomers Playbook, 25 pages. You had 
time to put that together, and you had time to agree with the 
city council to authorize up to $2 million to pay Joe Biden's 
former lawyer, his law firm, to help cover your ass for 
Denver's sanctuary city policies for this hearing, correct?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Congresswoman. We have counsel to 
support----
    Ms. Boebert. Did you authorize that spending?
    Mr. Johnston. We have counsel to support this Committee's 
investigation into any documents you may have. That is a year-
long contract for the 13,000 city employees----
    Ms. Boebert. And your budget is----
    Mr. Johnston. You may request documents from them.
    Ms. Boebert [continuing]. Seriously declining. Denver 
Magazine reported that Denver has spent $7.5 million on 
shipping illegal aliens to other destinations. Mayor Adams?
    Mr. Adams. Yes.
    Ms. Boebert. Did Mayor Johnston ever coordinate with you 
and tell you that he was shipping illegal aliens to your city?
    Mr. Adams. We coordinated in communication around the 
entire asylum seeker issue in our cities.
    Ms. Boebert. So, I have heard that Denver crime went down. 
Well, Aurora's crime went up because you were also shipping 
them to Aurora, and we have documentation that I do not have 
time to discuss here in this hearing that proves you were 
shipping illegal aliens to Aurora. Their crime was increasing 
while you were hiding under laws that you will not demand be 
repealed--ordinance from your city----
    Chairman Comer. The gentlelady's time has expired.
    Ms. Boebert [continuing]. And then crime was going up from 
Tren de Aragua gangs vandalizing department owners.
    Chairman Comer. Time is up. The gentlelady's----
    Ms. Boebert. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I hope that we 
can get this resolved for Colorado.
    Mr. Connolly. We have a 5-minute rule, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Comer. The gentlelady's time has expired. The 
Chair recognizes Ms. Norton from Washington, DC.
    Ms. Norton. There has been a lot of talk today about these 
cities and their, in my view, principled decision not to 
respond to extrajudicial ICE detainers. But I would like to 
back up and talk about these detainers, what these detainers 
really are: requests from ICE to unconstitutionally hold 
someone without due process or probable cause. Enforcing ICE 
detainers is also expensive, often results in mistakenly 
holding U.S. citizens, and undermines public safety. It diverts 
resources from protecting the local community to carry out the 
Federal Government's job of immigrant enforcement.
    Mayor Johnston, what challenges do ICE detainers represent 
to your law enforcement and city resources?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Congresswoman. I think that was to 
me, right? Sometimes we get confused.
    Mr. Johnson. That is correct.
    Mr. Johnston. OK. Thank you, Congresswoman. I think it is 
important to describe what Denver currently does in terms of 
what coordination looks like and what it does not, which is if 
we get a detainer request, if we have someone in our custody 
that ICE would like to get access to, what we do is we provide 
them a notification of release. And so, if that person will be 
released from our custody, we notify them of the time and the 
date when they will be released, so ICE, if they choose to, 
could pick that person up. We have done that 1,226 times over 
the last 7 years, and that has enabled ICE, when they choose 
to, to be able to bring someone into custody.
    What we do not do is hold someone beyond their release date 
because there are multiple courts who have found that to be 
unconstitutional. If someone is serving a sentence and that 
sentence expires this Friday, we cannot hold them another 7 
days without an additional charge. And so that is what state 
law does and sheriffs around the state would say it is a strain 
on local resources to hold them for a civil issue that is not 
linked to a criminal charge that we have in our city or another 
jurisdiction. That is why we do not honor those types of 
detainers.
    Ms. Norton. Mayor Johnson, how about for Chicago?
    Mr. Johnson. So, thank you for that question. And for 
Chicago, again, our top priority with the Welcoming City 
Ordinance is to ensure maximum safety. The type of coordination 
that happens between our local law enforcement and our 
communities is paramount to building trust in keeping our 
community safe. The ordinance as well as the state law, the 
Illinois Trust Act, which was passed with bipartisan support 
and signed by the Republican Governor, Bruce Rauner, we do not 
permit our local law enforcement from engaging in any Federal 
matters. With a criminal warrant, our city and our state will 
cooperate with the Federal Government, but without criminal 
warrant, our local law enforcement focuses in on local issues 
to keep the people of Chicago safe.
    Ms. Norton. Mayor Wu, how would fulfilling ICE detainers 
detract from public safety in your city?
    Ms. Wu. Thank you, Congresswoman, for hosting us, first of 
all, in your district. We hear every day from Boston residents, 
a city that is 28 percent people who are born in another 
country, that the trust and feeling that they know they can 
call 9-1-1 when they need help or if they have information to 
solve a crime and police need that help, that they feel 
comfortable in doing so. And so, our policy in Boston is that 
regardless of your background or immigration status, you have 
access to our libraries. We want you to take your kids to 
school. We want you to be part of our community. And also, 
regardless of immigration status, if you commit a crime, if you 
do harm in the community, you will be held accountable.
    Ms. Norton. It is critical to the safety of Americans that 
cities have the ability to decide what is in the best interest 
of their people. Mayors and local enforcement know their cities 
best. I would yield any time remaining to the Ranking Member.
    Mr. Connolly. I just want to underscore what the gentlelady 
has said. Local government knows best how local law enforcement 
works. And coordinating with ICE is part of that, but they 
cannot be a substitute for ICE doing its own job, which is a 
Federal responsibility. Thank you for yielding.
    Chairman Comer. Before I recognize Mr. Jordan, I believe 
Ms. Boebert has a unanimous consent.
    Ms. Boebert. Yes, Mr. Chairman. I would like to ask 
unanimous consent to submit to the record multiple local news 
articles referencing Denver's sanctuary policies, including the 
``Newcomers Playbook,'' written by Mayor Adams, and the budget, 
which shows millions and millions of dollars of the Denver City 
budget cut.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    The Chair now recognizes Mr. Jordan from Ohio.
    Mr. Jordan. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mayor Johnston, who is 
Abraham Gonzalez?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Congressman. He is an individual 
that was released from the county jail on Friday in the City 
and County of Denver.
    Mr. Jordan. That is all you know about him?
    Mr. Johnston. I do know that he was facing charges that 
the----
    Mr. Jordan. Venezuelan gang member arrested by Border 
Patrol on September 20, 2023, released into the country by the 
Biden Administration. A few months later, he is arrested in 
your city, charged with aggravated assault. On March 11, 2024, 
he is charged with motor vehicle theft--stole a car--and then 
on March 20, 2024, Mr. Gonzalez is charged with felony 
menacing. Six days after that last charge, ICE sends you a 
detainer, which includes an administrative warrant. Basically, 
it says if you are going to release this bad guy, this gang 
member who allegedly stole a car, menaced people and assaulted 
people, give us a 48-hour heads up. Is that right? Does that 
refresh your memory?
    Mr. Johnston. I do know about the detainer request. I do 
know that we provided a notification of release.
    Mr. Jordan. What kind of notice did you give ICE when you 
released him?
    Mr. Johnston. We gave him notification. I am not sure how 
long advance it was.
    Mr. Jordan. One hour.
    Mr. Johnston. I do know that----
    Mr. Jordan. One hour.
    Mr. Johnston. I do know that there was----
    Mr. Jordan. One-hour notice, and you released him 5 days 
ago, right? Why not give him more heads up? Actually, let us 
put the slide up. Let us see what it says here. But let us put 
the slide up.
    [Slide]
    Mr. Jordan. Kind of hard to see, so I will read. It says, 
``Denver Sheriff Department, ICE notification being released to 
the streets.'' ICE simply said just release him to us. You 
released him to the streets. Why not release him to ICE?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you. What we have done, and we do this 
regularly--we have done 1,226 of these--is we notify ICE----
    Mr. Jordan. I am asking about one. I am not asking about 
the 1,200.
    Mr. Johnston. I understand.
    Mr. Jordan. I am asking about Mr. Abraham Gonzalez, who is 
a gang member from Venezuela, stole a car, assaulted someone. 
You had him in your custody for how long?
    Mr. Johnston. I know that we released him----
    Mr. Jordan. Three-hundred-and-forty-five days you had him 
in custody, and ICE said, hey, can you give us 48 hours heads 
up.
    Mr. Johnston. I do not know that
    Mr. Jordan. You gave them 1-hour notice.
    Mr. Johnston. Mr. Congressman, we notified them of release. 
There were six ICE agents present when he was released, so they 
had enough time to respond and to be present.
    Mr. Jordan. Respond where?
    Mr. Johnston. To the jail where we released him from. So, 
we notified them of the release time. When we notify them of 
release, they come to the jail facility to pick them up. They 
are still on----
    Mr. Jordan. That is not what you said. You said you 
released him to the streets. Did you release him to the streets 
or did you release him to ICE?
    Mr. Johnston. What we do, sir, is we released him from our 
county jail, and we coordinate with ICE on that release time 
and release date so that ICE can come and pick them up from 
that location. They were----
    Mr. Jordan. Pick them up where, in the parking lot?
    Mr. Johnston. Yes, sir. They were on the facility 
property----
    Mr. Jordan. That is what happened in the parking lot.
    Mr. Johnston. I know, sir. I have reviewed the video. So, I 
looked at it. I have talked to the sheriff last night. I have 
already----
    Mr. Jordan. One of the ICE officers got assaulted, didn't 
he?
    Mr. Johnston. I have reviewed the video, sir.
    Mr. Jordan. Had to tase the guy, didn't they?
    Mr. Johnston. Would you like me to answer, sir?
    Mr. Jordan. No, I would like you to answer, did they tase 
him?
    Mr. Johnston. I know that there were six officers that had 
multiple tasers. I saw that on video.
    Mr. Jordan. If you keep him in the facility and they come 
in the facility and get him, does it take six officers? 
Probably takes two, doesn't it?
    Mr. Johnston. So, we have been doing these, as I mentioned, 
1,226 times. This is the first time I have been made aware of 
there has been an incident like this. So, I reached out to ICE 
after I saw the video. I have coordinated with their team and 
offered to sit down and see if there are procedures we can 
change----
    Mr. Jordan. It is a simple question.
    Mr. Johnston [continuing]. And make sure this works 
smoothly.
    Mr. Jordan. It is a simple question. You can release him in 
the parking lot, give ICE 1-hour notice, and they got to send 
six officers to arrest this guy, or you can say, hey, here is 
what we are going to do. We are going to hold him, you come in 
and bring two officers in, and you turn him over there. Why not 
do it that way?
    Mr. Johnston. We have a city ordinance----
    Mr. Jordan. You know why you do not do it that way?
    Mr. Johnston. We have a city ordinance that covers----
    Mr. Jordan. Because you are a sanctuary city. This is the 
whole point.
    Mr. Johnston. No, sir. I disagree with you.
    Mr. Jordan. Oh, OK.
    Mr. Johnston. Because I will tell you why. If you talk 
about sanctuary as a definition of shielding people from law 
enforcement, we do not do that. What we do do is provide 
services. In this context, what we did is we coordinated the 
release----
    Mr. Jordan. An officer got assaulted because your policy, 
which says we are going to release him to, in your words, not 
mine, to the streets. They have to arrest him in the parking 
lot. They bring six officers when they could have had one or 
two just come in your facility in the jail and take the guy 
there, but you will not do it that way.
    Mr. Johnston. I have seen the video. I have reached out to 
ICE.
    Mr. Jordan. I do not care if you have seen the video. I 
know the facts, too.
    Mr. Johnston. I have offered to sit down and coordinate on 
strategies. If we need to make adjustments to what we do on 
releases, we will do that. This is the first time in the 1,226 
releases and I------
    Mr. Jordan. I read your written------
    Mr. Johnston [continuing]. Will take action.
    Mr. Jordan [continuing]. Testimony last night. I read your 
written testimony last night, 41/2 pages, and you used the 
word, ``safe,'' ``safer,'' or ``safety'' 13 times, talking 
about, ``My job is the safety of the people in Denver.'' ``We 
are prioritizing making sure everyone in our community is 
safe.'' That is a lie because it was not safer for the ICE 
agents who are part of your community. No way was it safe. The 
safest thing to do is to say ICE, we got him in custody. Come 
here. We are releasing. We held him 345 days. We cannot hold 
him a second longer. We cannot wait for you to come inside the 
building. We got to let him go, so you have to arrest him in 
the parking lot. That is how stupid sanctuary policies are and 
what they mean to the community that you put at risk and to the 
ICE officers who----
    Mr. Connolly. Mr. Chairman, the 5-minutes is up.
    Chairman Comer. Time has expired.
    Mr. Jordan [continuing]. The ICE officer who was assaulted 
and they had to use a taser. It is not good them.----
    Ms. Pressley. Mr. Chairman, I have a unanimous consent 
request.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman's time has expired. The Chair 
now recognizes Mr. Lynch from Massachusetts.
    Mr. Lynch. Thank you, Mr. Chairman and Ranking Member 
Connolly. I want to thank the panelists for your willingness to 
come before the Committee and help us with our work.
    You know, I truly believe that if we had a rational and 
comprehensive immigration policy in this country, if we 
competently regulated the flow of immigration, if we knew the 
purpose and circumstances of each immigrant's arrival here, and 
if every immigrant knew what was expected of them when they 
arrived, I honestly and truly believe that immigration could be 
the greatest blessing for our country. Look at our world 
rivals, China and Russia. No one is trying to sneak into China, 
sneak into Russia. It is because of what we offer here as a 
Nation.
    There is a substantive issue that is at play here, and I 
want to address that. So, under Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 
of the Constitution, it provides Congress, and I will read the 
section here, ``to establish a uniform rule of 
naturalization.'' And Clause 18 further provides that 
``Congress has the power to make all laws that shall be 
necessary and proper to execute its enumerated powers, 
including immigration.'' So, it appears that Congress has taken 
up that responsibility in the Immigration and Nationality Act, 
which they exercise under constitutional writ. On the other 
hand, we have local so-called sanctuary city laws. So, those 
sanctuary cities laws tend to address local cooperation with 
Federal authorities in your jurisdictions, within your cities, 
and sometimes it does appear that the sanctuary city laws are 
defending against the congressional grant of authority to 
operate in that area.
    Now, you all, as mayors, and I ask this of the entire 
panel, you deal with this every single day, and we have heard 
some of it in your testimony eloquently. How do we, as 
lawmakers, we are struggling with this right now. There is a 
tension between that authority of Congress to act under Article 
I of the Constitution and then your responsibility, nobly 
taken, to provide a safe environment for the residents and 
visitors to your cities. How do we reconcile, and I am asking 
you for advice. You have a great perspective on this. How do 
we, together, reconcile the tension between those two operating 
systems, grants of power? And I would welcome any advice you 
have on that because that is what we are struggling with up 
here in terms of trying to come up with a comprehensive 
immigration policy that addresses all of these concerns. Mayor 
Johnston?
    Mr. Johnston. Congressman, I am happy to start the 
response. We obviously believe there is a Federal system that 
has Federal obligations and state and local obligations. We 
think, as Mayor Wu said, that our officers are uniquely 
prepared, trained, and ready to enforce local law and to keep 
our city safe. We want to focus on that. We do not have the 
capacity for our law enforcement to be doing Federal 
immigration enforcement, but we want to be partners in making 
sure we are pulling violent criminals off the street. We do 
that now. We have done in the past. We will keep doing it, but 
we think the capacity for the Federal Government to focus on--
--
    Mr. Lynch. But what I am trying to point at is this. So, 
the current President of the United States, Donald Trump, rode 
into office on this issue. On this issue. He put people in 
fear. I am in a state that is 2,400 miles from the border. We 
are going to spend $1.5 billion on providing services and 
housing and everything to people who are in our state 
unlawfully. He got into office on that issue, so the costs to 
democracy are massive. It is now threatening our democracy 
because we have mishandled this issue. So, we need to get 
together on this and turn immigration, like I say, into the 
greatest blessing that this country has and not something that 
people are afraid of. That is the challenge.
    Mr. Johnston. I agree.
    Ms. Wu. May I, Congressman?
    Mr. Johnston. Please.
    Ms. Wu. This may be the last blue----
    Mr. Lynch. Oh, my friend.
    Ms. Wu. This may be the last blue dress I am wearing this 
month. It is going to be green from here on now as we celebrate 
Irish American Heritage back at home. Please pass comprehensive 
immigration law that is consistent and compassionate that will 
make our jobs possible, and we would so appreciate that 
partnership.
    Mr. Lynch. I hear you. Thank you. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair 
recognizes----
    Ms. Pressley. Mr. Chair, I have a unanimous consent 
request.
    Chairman Comer. I am sorry?
    Ms. Pressley. I have unanimous consent request.
    Chairman Comer. Go ahead. Proceed.
    Ms. Pressley. OK. I would like to seek unanimous consent to 
enter into the record, ``Thousands of DHS Agents Shift to 
Deportation Instead of Drugs, Weapons, and Human Trafficking.'' 
That is February 2025, USA Today.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Pressley. Also, ``Parents Pull Kids from Childcare as 
Immigration Fears Hit U.S. Youngest.''
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Pressley. Finally, ``An 11-Year-Old Girl in Texas Died 
by Suicide After She Was Bullied About Her Family's Immigration 
Status, Her Mother Says.''
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    The Chair recognizes Dr. Gosar from Arizona.
    Mr. Gosar. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mayor Wu, I will be 
showing up at your house tomorrow with my bags at 5. Leave your 
doors unlocked, please. What are you making for dinner because 
I expect a new warm meal and a balanced diet. Now, I am going 
to need a car, and please leave me some cash because I am going 
to need to go to my doctor's appointment on Friday. That would 
be to Mayor Johnson. Now, I do not want to sleep on the couch, 
so put me up at a luxury hotel. Another to Mayor Johnson. 
Obviously, you would not like this because you do not know me, 
right? You know nothing about me. You might not like that. 
Sanctuary cities offer this kind of hope, this false hope to 
illegal aliens by saying that very thing. Stay with me. We do 
not tell anybody that you break our laws. Now, thank you. You 
have made the United States complicit and one of the largest 
purveyors of human trafficking in the world. Thank you. You are 
disgracing the legal immigration system and the immigrants that 
came here the right way through Ellis Island at the time, now 
going through a process.
    And I want to talk about that process because I have always 
been told, and it has never been really challenged, is that 
good process builds good policy, builds good politics. I think 
that works really, really good because you can always fall back 
to the process. If the process is not good, you always get a 
bad process. Now, you heard the word ``establishing trust,'' 
OK? How can you establish trust at the very beginning when you 
have a false narrative here? You are defending folks who have 
broken the law. The definition I have always looked at is trust 
is a series of promises kept. What kind of trust you are 
supporting here? What is the trust in an illegal alien? It is a 
false hope. It is a false trust. Welcome, we are bringing you 
in. It is a disorganized process.
    Now, let me ask you a question, Mr. Adams. Did you support 
SB 1070?
    Mr. Adams. I am sorry, sir?
    Mr. Gosar. Did you support the Arizona law called SB 1070?
    Mr. Adams. I am not familiar with it, sir.
    Mr. Gosar. Well, let me explain, OK?
    Mr. Adams. Uh-huh.
    Mr. Gosar. SB 1070 challenged the Federal Government and 
its supremacy clause because we, in Arizona, the government was 
not doing anything, so we thought we will do this. We cannot 
allow them to break laws, and the Supreme Court ruled, struck 
it down. Now, it seems contraindicating here that you would 
have supported SB 1070, right, Mayor Adams, based on the 
promise that you, or would you violate the supremacy clause in 
regard to immigration?
    Mr. Adams. Would I violate?
    Mr. Gosar. Violate the supremacy clause?
    Mr. Adams. This is well way over my head. I felt----
    Mr. Gosar. That is OK. That is OK.
    Mr. Adams. I am not understanding.
    Mr. Gosar. Mayor Johnston, would you have supported SB 
1070, allowing Arizona to follow their own laws because that is 
what you are doing right here.
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Congressman. We currently follow 
all Federal law, all state law, and all local law, so we do not 
have any supremacy clause challenges that we are pursuing or 
maintaining.
    Mr. Gosar. OK. Well, it seems like you are, but Mr. 
Johnson, do you agree?
    Mr. Johnson. The city of Chicago complies with all laws.
    Mr. Gosar. OK. Mayor Wu?
    Ms. Wu. I am not familiar with that law because I am 
focused on the city of Boston, but we follow all state, city, 
and Federal laws in Boston.
    Mr. Gosar. What happens when you get in conflict with them? 
Who do you support?
    Ms. Wu. The Constitution, as I understand it, does not 
require cities or police officers or anyone to follow Federal 
laws in conflict with local laws or state laws.
    Mr. Gosar. OK. In the Constitution, it says, explicit, that 
the Federal Government has jurisdiction and supremacy over all 
immigration laws, right? I mean, I have heard it a number of 
times from my colleagues over here. We are the ones who can 
define that. We just heard we want a comprehensive immigration 
policy. How can you get a comprehensive immigration policy when 
you are defying it from the very get-go? You are building it on 
false premises and false tenants.
    Ms. Wu. Respectfully, Congressman, you could pass 
bipartisan legislation, and that would be comprehensive 
immigration law.
    Mr. Gosar. What would you have?
    Ms. Wu. A false narrative is that immigrants, in general, 
are criminals or immigrants, in general, cause all sorts of 
danger and harm. That is actually what is undermining safety in 
our communities. If you wanted to make us safe, pass gun 
reforms, stop cutting Medicaid, stop cutting cancer research, 
stop cutting funds for veterans. That is what will make our 
city safe.
    Mr. Gosar. Yes. Thank you. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Mr. Krishnamoorthi 
from Illinois.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Mayor Johnson, 
there has been much talk about Chicago and its enforcement of 
laws to rid our communities of criminals, so I want to give you 
a chance to address some of these questions. First, Mayor 
Johnson, the city of Chicago operates under four sets of laws: 
Federal, state, county, and of course, Chicago's own laws, 
right?
    Mr. Johnson. That is correct.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. And most of these laws are not within 
Chicago's sole power to change. For example, the Illinois Trust 
Act, a state law, was enacted in 2017 by then Republican 
Governor, Bruce Rauner, and dictates interactions between ICE 
and law enforcement, right?
    Mr. Johnson. That is correct.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. And under Chicago's own law--I have a 
copy of it right here--Chicago is required to help ICE whenever 
ICE presents a judicial criminal warrant for an arrest, 
correct?
    Mr. Johnson. Yes.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. In fact, Chicago has assisted ICE with 
criminal warrants in the past, right?
    Mr. Johnson. Yes.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. So, just to clear it up, anytime that 
ICE does the work and goes to a court to get a criminal warrant 
to arrest somebody, the city of Chicago not only is required 
to, but does cooperate to remove that criminal from our 
community, right?
    Mr. Johnson. That is correct.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Let me turn to another topic. President 
Trump has said many things about Chicago, including that it 
is--I have this NBC news report--``worse than Afghanistan.'' 
Mayor, I would suggest that facts suggest otherwise. For 
example, Conde Nast recently named Chicago the best big city in 
America 8 years in a row?
    Mr. Johnson. A friendly amendment, best freaking city in 
the world, city of Chicago.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Chicago is the largest rail hub in 
America?
    Mr. Johnson. That is correct.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Chicago is a quantum technology hub in 
this country?
    Mr. Johnson. Twenty billion dollar new investment.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. The Chicago area is the home to the 
second most number of Fortune 500 headquarters of any city in 
America, right?
    Mr. Johnson. Just voted again, the top relocator for 
corporate headquarters for 13 consecutive years.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. And it is home to O'Hare Airport, the 
most interconnected airport on the continent. Is that right?
    Mr. Johnson. That is correct.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. That does not sound like Afghanistan to 
me, sir, does it?
    Mr. Johnson. The city of Chicago is a beautiful place. We 
also have 20 percent of the world's fresh water right in our 
front yard. Our restaurants are amazing. In fact, everything 
that is dope about America comes from Chicago.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. A Republican named Lincoln was 
nominated for President in Chicago, and a Democrat named Obama 
called Chicago home, too. It is the city of big shoulders, the 
heart of the heartland, the home to the world's best pizza, and 
we are not going to take any slander from Donald Trump or 
anyone else lying down. Is that right?
    Mr. Johnson. That is correct.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Sir, I want to turn your attention to 
another topic. Mayor Johnson, you would agree with me that high 
grocery prices are among the top concerns for the people of 
Chicago, right?
    Mr. Johnson. The economic conditions, unfortunately, that 
are not being addressed by Washington has caused a great deal 
of trepidation and anxiety.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Mayor Wu, according to USDA, the 
wholesale cost of a dozen eggs has gone from $6.59 since 
January 19 when Donald Trump took office to $8.39, a 27-percent 
increase, and this has got to anger Bostonians, right?
    Ms. Wu. People are doing their very best, trying their 
hardest, working multiple jobs, and they need support.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Mayor Johnston, I suppose that people 
in Denver are concerned as well, right?
    Mr. Johnston. Very concerned. This is the most important 
issue for us, is how we make sure that it is affordable to live 
in the city.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Mayor Adams, the same is true for New 
Yorkers?
    Mr. Adams. Affordability is an issue that is impacting our 
city, and that is why we are doing best we can to putting $30 
billion back in the pockets of working-class people.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. President Trump, if you are watching 
this hearing, I respectfully ask, when will egg cost be high 
enough for you to issue one executive order on bird flu: $10 a 
carton, $15 a carton? It will soon be cheaper to buy a magazine 
for an AK-47 than to buy breakfast. This is flat-out wrong.
    I will turn to my last topic. Interestingly, last night in 
a record long address, the President did not mention the word 
``Medicaid'' once, which is top of mind for everyone. Mayor 
Johnson, you do not dispute that 1.6 million people in Cook 
County are enrolled in Medicaid, right?
    Mr. Johnson. I do not dispute that. In fact, in most of our 
safety net hospitals, 70 percent of the individuals that are 
being serviced, are being serviced through Medicaid.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. I recently received outreach from Lurie 
Children's, a preeminent children's hospital located in 
Chicago, and they said that ``slashing Medicaid will put access 
to care for all children in our state at risk.'' You would 
agree that is unacceptable, right?
    Mr. Johnson. That is unacceptable.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. It does not matter where you are from. 
If you are White, Black, Brown, poor or rich, massive cuts to 
Medicaid will devastate our healthcare system. Thank you, and I 
yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair now 
recognizes Mr. Perry from Pennsylvania.
    Mr. Perry. Thanks, Mr. Chairman. Mayors, thanks for being 
here, leaving your cities to come to Washington, DC. today. By 
either definition or by claim, each of you, I think, could 
justifiably say, represent what is considered a sanctuary city. 
If you could describe it, sanctuary from what? Anybody? Mayor 
Johnson? You want to start, Mayor Johnston? Yes.
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Congressman. I welcome that 
because I wanted to clarify. We do not shield people from 
Federal law.
    Mr. Perry. I just asked you what----
    Mr. Johnston. We do not provide sanctuary----
    Mr. Perry. So, you do not consider yourself a sanctuary 
city?
    Mr. Johnston. We provide services and support. We do not 
provide----
    Mr. Perry. Do you consider yourself a sanctuary city? That 
is just----
    Mr. Johnston. We do not, under that definition.
    Mr. Perry. You do not use the definition. So, you are not a 
sanctuary?
    Mr. Johnston. We call ourselves a welcoming city. We----
    Mr. Perry. OK. So, what are you welcoming, and who are you 
not welcoming?
    Mr. Johnston. Well, we are welcoming everybody.
    Mr. Perry. OK.
    Mr. Johnston. We do not keep folks----
    Mr. Perry. So, you are welcoming criminals that you do not 
have any idea what their crime background is, and you are good 
with that?
    Mr. Johnston. No, we aggressively pursue----
    Mr. Perry. How you do that? No, no. How do you vet the 
people that you welcome in your sanctuary city?
    Mr. Johnston. Sir, we do not vet folks that arrive from 
Illinois or California with a background check when they come 
into the Denver airport any more than someone from another 
local----
    Mr. Perry. So, you are welcoming any illegal immigrant or 
illegal alien to your city without question?
    Mr. Johnston. Well, folks that make the decision to come to 
Denver, they arrive and then we expect them to get----
    Mr. Perry. You welcome them. You call them to your city and 
say, if you come here, you will be safe from what?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, sir. We do not call anyone to our 
city. Folks that arrive in our city, we offer same access to 
services they may need to be successful, and if they break the 
law, we hold them accountable. We charge them. We prosecute 
them.
    Mr. Perry. What about if they have already broken the law?
    Mr. Johnston. Well, if they have already broken the law and 
there is another jurisdiction that has a warrant for that 
person, they let us know, and we would cooperate to transfer 
them to that jurisdiction.
    Mr. Perry. I think we saw in Mr. Jordan's conversation with 
you that you really do not do that. Mayor Johnson, how about 
you? According to my records, you have welcomed 51,648 illegal 
aliens to your sanctuary city, so I would ask you sanctuary 
from what?
    Mr. Johnson. If you are referring to the number of 
individuals that were bused from Governor Abbott without any 
coordination, the 52,000 individuals that were seeking asylum, 
those individuals were bused to us. I passed a bus ordinance to 
work to coordinate with the Governor of Texas. He refused to do 
that, but that transfer of individuals was the result of the 
Governor of Texas, not the result of a Welcoming City 
Ordinance.
    Mr. Perry. Welcoming City Ordinance. So, you are not 
welcoming these people that came here illegally?
    Mr. Johnson. The individuals that were bused to us were 
bused to us from the border----
    Mr. Perry. They were not welcomed to Chicago? You did not 
welcome them? You did not provide them sanctuary?
    Mr. Johnson. So, the Welcoming City Ordinance is pretty 
straightforward. It allows for our local law enforcement to 
focus on local policies, and that is why we are seeing a 
decline in violence.
    Mr. Perry. So, you do not care about Federal law 
enforcement policies, only local policies?
    Mr. Johnson. We comply with all laws. What I do care about 
is this body, Washington, passing comprehensive immigration 
law.
    Mr. Perry. So, let me ask you this. Chicago residents 
reported 28,443 violent crimes during 2024 alone, cases of 
aggravated assault rising to the highest level in 2 decades. 
Now also, state funds, $160 million, were issued for illegal 
alien job assistance shelters in Chicago. You are the Mayor of 
Chicago. Do you think that your residents or the residents of 
your state should be paying for that more than they should be 
paying for their own needs, their own roads, their own public 
safety? I mean, who elected you, the people that came illegally 
whether they were sent to you or not, or the people that reside 
in Chicago? Who elected you and who do you serve?
    Mr. Johnson. The people of Chicago elected me as the 57th 
Mayor of the city of Chicago, and we serve all the residents of 
the city of Chicago.
    Mr. Perry. Illegal or not, criminal or not, how many of the 
662,566 illegal aliens with criminal histories that ICE has 
reported are now residing in Chicago?
    Mr. Johnson. Someone will have to get back with you with 
that number. I do not keep a count of----
    Mr. Perry. Do you take immigration information from 
criminals as they are arrested and processed? Do you take 
immigration information?
    Mr. Johnson. Our local law enforcement focuses on getting 
all violent individuals off the streets of Chicago.
    Mr. Perry. Do you determine whether they are here legally, 
what their immigration status is as a function of criminal of 
your justice system?
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman's time has expired. Please 
feel free to answer the question, Mayor.
    Mr. Johnson. The Welcoming City Ordinance ensures that our 
local residents communicate and trust local law enforcement to 
ensure that criminals and crime is being addressed, and that is 
why crime has gone down in the city of Chicago.
    Mr. Perry. But that does not apply if you are illegal. 
Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I yield.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair now recognizes----
    Ms. Pressley. Mr. Chairman, I have a unanimous consent 
request.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes----
    Ms. Pressley. Mr. Chairman, I have a unanimous consent 
request.
    Chairman Comer. I am sorry, Ms. Pressley.
    Ms. Pressley. I have unanimous consent request.
    Chairman Comer. Go ahead.
    Ms. Pressley. Thank you. I would like to seek unanimous 
consent to enter into the record, ``Mass Deportations Would 
Deliver a Catastrophic Blow to the U.S. Economy.''
    Chairman Comer. What publication is that?
    Ms. Pressley. This is from the Joint Economic Committee, 
December 2024.
    Chairman Comer. From where? What publication?
    Ms. Pressley. The Joint Economic Committee, December 2024.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Pressley. I would like to seek unanimous consent to 
enter into the record from the American Immigration Council, 
October 2024, ``Mass Deportation: Devastating Cost to America, 
Its Budget and Economy.''
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    The Chair recognizes Mr. Khanna from California.
    Mr. Khanna. Mr. Chair----
    Chairman Comer. Oh, wait. I am sorry, I am sorry. Mayor Wu 
needs a short break to attend to her young child. Mayor----
    Ms. Wu. Mr. Chairman, I got the note that the baby is OK 
for now, so I will continue, but thank you. I believe from my 
husband that the baby is OK, and----
    Chairman Comer. OK.
    Ms. Wu. And the arrangement, if it is OK, is everyone would 
take a break so I would not have to go into a back room by 
myself to nurse when it is time. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. OK. The Chair recognizes Mr. Khanna.
    Mr. Khanna. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Mr. Chair, I find the 
Republican position in this hearing quite ironic because the 
Republicans are the party that are always touting local 
government, state government, local control, and not having 
Federal overreach. So, I want to explore actually one of your 
favorite topics on the other side of the aisle, the infamous 
mask mandates. I know how much you love them.
    When CDC came out with a mask mandate order of January 29, 
2021, they said that we needed to have fines of $1,500 for 
anyone who did not wear a mask on a plane or in a public space, 
and they said that they needed to be referred criminally to the 
Transportation Authority if they violated it more than once. 
Now, Governor Abbott said in Executive Order 38, we are not 
going to have our cities enforce the mask mandate, and Governor 
DeSantis said the same thing, we are not going to have our 
local police enforce the mandate. I want to ask Mayor Adams and 
Mayor Wu because you had slightly different views on the mask 
mandate. But Mayor Adams, you were actually praised in New York 
for saying we are going to take away some of these mask 
mandates earlier so businesses can open and there can be a 
revival in New York. Did you ever, and law enforcement, to your 
knowledge, enforce the CDC mask mandate and ask your law 
enforcement to fine people who did not wear a mask $1,500?
    Mr. Adams. What we did was look at the science and looked 
at how it will impact business, and after issuing warnings and 
education----
    Mr. Khanna. But I think it is fair to say, Mayor, right, 
you never referred anyone to the Transportation Department for 
prosecution, and you never had local police out there saying we 
are going to fine people $1,500 with the CDC mandate?
    Mr. Adams. The goal was to always ensure that people would 
carry out the procedure, and we did several education and 
warning in the process.
    Mr. Khanna. Mayor Wu, you were a great advocate of masks 
and looked at the science. Do you know if your city government 
actually ever used police resources to carry out the CDC or 
Transportation Department's mask mandate where they were fining 
$1,500 or referring for criminal prosecution?
    Ms. Wu. I am not aware of any incidents of someone in 
Boston having been fined or prosecuted for any mask-related 
issues. We certainly prioritized public health and saving 
lives, and so our role as a city was to provide positive 
communication, outreach, make sure there were signs and 
different community organizations that could go and remind 
people to stay safe and do their best to take care of each 
other in their family.
    Mr. Khanna. And as much of an advocate as you were for 
masks and I was an advocate for masks, would you have been 
hesitant to order your law enforcement, your local police to 
say, if someone was violating those mask mandates that we need 
to cooperate and turn them over to the Transportation 
Department for prosecution? Would that have given you some 
pause if the Federal Government were saying use your police 
departments to fine people $1,500 and give us their records for 
criminal prosecution?
    Ms. Wu. Yes, it would have.
    Mr. Khanna. And so, I guess I am trying to understand, you 
know, if we set this precedent that we want cities to be 
enforcing every Federal mandate, then what happens when there 
is a new Democratic President that comes and says we want a 
mask mandate that the Republicans may not want, and when there 
are conservatives, like Governor DeSantis or Governor Abbott 
saying we do not want our cities to enforce that. Do you see, 
Mayor Wu, any difference between a Federal Government asking 
you to enforce laws that ICE is doing versus a Federal 
Government asking you to enforce a mask mandate or, frankly, to 
enforce gun laws that may not be what your local city 
department is focused on?
    Ms. Wu. It does seem that local authority is part of our 
democracy and part of our system of government.
    Mr. Khanna. Isn't the real issue here not one of 
immigration, but of federalism? I mean, everyone agrees that if 
there is someone who is convicted of a crime, that ICE has the 
right to enforce those laws. The question is just, are you 
going to have local governments in this country be beholden to 
every new President's directives and armed for enforcing that? 
My view is that we ought to have local governments be able to 
use their police officers for their priorities. That, in its 
essence, is federalism, and it actually used to be the 
conservative Republican position.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman's time has expired. The Chair 
recognizes Dr. Foxx from North Carolina.
    Ms. Foxx. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mayor Johnson, in the 
last 4 years, how much has Chicago spent on care for illegal 
aliens?
    Mr. Johnson. Thank you for that question, Congresswoman. 
So, since 2022, since the Governor of Texas began shipping----
    Ms. Foxx. Just tell me a number. I do not need a speech. 
Just tell me a number.
    Mr. Johnson. So, since 2022, since the Governor of Texas 
was shipping individuals to cities across this country, the 
city's budget, roughly 1 percent of the city's budget, over the 
course of 4 years.
    Ms. Foxx. Mayor Johnston, the same question, and I do not 
need a speech, just a number.
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Dr. Congresswoman. Thank you, 
Congresswoman. It is $79 million over the last 21/2 years.
    Ms. Foxx. Mayor Adams, same question. How much has New York 
spent to care for illegal aliens?
    Mr. Adams. Approximately, $6.9 billion went out of our 
taxpayers' funds.
    Ms. Foxx. Mayor Wu, same question. How much has Boston 
spent to care for illegal aliens in the last 4 years?
    Ms. Wu. We do not ask about immigration status in giving 
city services and providing that access, so we do not have a 
number.
    Ms. Foxx. Taxpayers have been bearing the brunt of the 
massive wave of illegal aliens who have entered the United 
States. The Biden Administration seemingly declared taxpayers 
and hardworking Americans collateral damage in the pursuit of 
open borders. Again, Mayor Johnson, are NGOs providing services 
to illegal aliens in Chicago?
    Mr. Johnson. In accordance with the Welcoming City 
Ordinance, our sister agencies, or city departments, we do not 
seek the status of any individual that is seeking service.
    Ms. Foxx. Mayor Johnston, are NGOs providing services to 
illegal aliens in Denver?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, ma'am. When folks arrive on the 
streets without food or resources or shelter, we do provide 
food or shelter regardless of where folks arrive from.
    Ms. Foxx. Mayor Adams, same question.
    Mr. Adams. Yes, in combination of city agencies and 
nonprofits, we responded to the migrant asylum seekers 
humanitarian crisis that hit our city.
    Ms. Foxx. And, Mayor Wu, I assume you do not know their 
status, but do you know are NGOs providing services to people 
arriving in your city without any kind of documentation?
    Ms. Wu. There are community organizations, many of them in 
Boston, who seek to serve all of our Boston residents.
    Ms. Foxx. Congress must provide oversight and ensure 
accountability for taxpayer funds going to NGOs. Agents from 
Customs and Border Protection have been outspoken in opposition 
to allowing NGOs to assist illegal aliens in subversion of law 
and order. When asked if NGOs are working at cross-purposes to 
the mission of Border Patrol agents, the Chief of the National 
Border Patrol Council said, ``Most definitely, and they should 
not be allowed, but our government allows it.'' NGOs receiving 
taxpayer funding through grants pay for everything from food, 
shelter, and transportation to legal services that help the 
migrants traverse Mexico.
    That is why I introduced H.R. 245, the Grant Integrity and 
Border Security Act. This bill would require all NGOs who apply 
for a Federal grant to certify as part of their application 
that they have not, will not, and are not engaging in acts that 
violate Federal immigration law. If NGOs continue violating our 
immigration laws, then my bill would ensure that no Federal 
funds can ever go to the violators. It is time to pass this 
bill, ensure accountability, and secure our cities and the 
border. And with that, Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentlelady yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Ms. Brown from Ohio.
    Ms. Brown. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Today we have heard my 
colleagues on the other side of the aisle demean and dehumanize 
immigrants, choosing fearmongering and political theater over 
real solutions. So, let us take a moment to set the record 
straight.
    The best chance for comprehensive immigration reform came 
in 2013 when a bipartisan Senate majority passed a bill 
strengthening border security and providing a path to 
citizenship for longtime residents, but House Republicans 
killed it. Fast forward a decade later to last year, the Senate 
crafted another bipartisan deal, one that would have enhanced 
border security and tackled the fentanyl crisis with better 
technology and more agents, but Donald Trump torpedoed it, 
preferring anti-immigration rhetoric to real solutions. So, 
this is not about fixing the problem. It is about exploiting 
it, and let us not forget the President was not complaining 
about this when he was employing undocumented immigrants at his 
resort.
    We all remember President Trump's tired, old tactics from 
his first term: the harmful Muslim ban, referring to Black and 
Brown countries as ``shithole countries,'' and the cruel images 
of kids in cages. This time around is no different. President 
Trump signed multiple executive orders before even attempting 
to work with Congress, mind you, a Republican-controlled 
Congress. So, this is not about policy. It is about fear.
    For the last decade, Trump has pushed menacing messages 
portraying all immigrants as criminals, but it is not just 
coming from Trump. It is being amplified by right-wing media. A 
recent exit polls found that people who watch Fox News are 
twice as likely to believe myths about immigration, including 
the false idea that immigrants commit more crimes than native-
born Americans. This is objectively false, yet 2 in 3 Fox 
viewers believe it is true. This serves a purpose: fueling 
outrage, distracting from real solutions, and keeping the 
conversation stuck in a cycle of fear instead of facts. And 
Trump's latest immigration crackdown reinforces these 
misperceptions: ICE raids choreographed for cameras, 
deportation sweeps with photo ops, wardrobe changes, and tough 
talk, the cruel, performative videos of immigrants in shackles; 
$200 million in taxpayer money to air pro-Trump propaganda ads; 
talk about waste, fraud, and abuse. All spectacle, no 
substance. All performance, no plan.
    On the campaign trail, J.D. Vance and Donald Trump promoted 
vile and xenophobic lies about Haitian immigrants in my state 
of Ohio, and now, the Trump Administration has moved to strip 
protections from 500,000 Haitians. These are people who have 
lived, worked, and contributed to this country for years, and 
they came here the right way, the legal way. But instead of 
recognizing their contributions, we are forcing them back to a 
country plagued by violence, instability, and humanitarian 
crisis, all so Trump can claim 500,000 more deportations. The 
cruelty is not just the point. It is their pleasure.
    So, let us be honest about what is really going on here. 
Mayor Johnson of Chicago, what sort of an impact will the Trump 
Administration's decision to allow arrests at sensitive 
locations, like hospitals, preschools, churches, and courts 
have on your city?
    Mr. Johnson. Thank you for that question. As a welcoming 
city space, it is important that the trust between the 
community and law enforcement is strong. That is ultimately how 
we have built a safer city. Just this year alone, violent crime 
is down 20 percent. Any type of threat to the civility and to 
the humanity of people is a threat to the evolution of our 
democracy. And so, it is incumbent upon Washington to ensure 
that we are funding our education system, that we are funding 
our transportation system, our healthcare system, creating more 
jobs. Just since I have been in office, we have increased youth 
employment, summer jobs, by over 40 percent, making sure that 
our young people see their purpose is the value of this 
democracy. And so, I call on this body to continue to invest in 
the city of Chicago that sends billions of dollars to 
Washington.
    Ms. Brown. Thank you. Fear and cruelty are not the 
solution. It is distinctly un-American and a dangerous 
distraction from the Congress's responsibility to actually 
deliver progress on this challenging facing our country, and 
with that, I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentlelady yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Mr. Grothman from Wisconsin.
    Mr. Grothman. Yes, just a couple comments first. As far as 
the idea who is committing crimes, we have no idea how many 
illegal immigrants in this country are committing crimes 
because nobody keeps track, OK? If I go to a prison or a jail 
in Wisconsin with, I do not know, 1,500 inmates, and I ask how 
many of these people are here illegally or how many are 
citizens of another country, nobody will know the answer to 
that question. So, that is why we do not have hard facts on how 
many crimes people committed.
    The other thing I would like to point out is every year in 
this country, about 850,000 new people from other countries are 
sworn in as American citizens. I do not know of Donald Trump 
ever talking about reducing that number. Maybe he should reduce 
that number, but I have never heard him talk about reducing 
that number. Our concern here was illegal immigration, and I 
would hope the vast majority of Americans think we ought to 
have an immigration law that the 850,000 new citizens every 
year go through. But if we are going to have an immigration 
law, it means we have to do something with the people who try 
to become permanent residents without going through the proper 
structure.
    Now, I think part of our problem here is we have a lot of 
people who do not understand why we have an immigration law at 
all. And I want to ask all four of you, as we go down the row 
here, do you believe the United States should have an 
immigration law, or do you believe that just anybody should be 
able to show up and come in? And we will start with Mayor Adams 
there.
    Mr. Adams. I strongly believe we need to have an 
immigration law. I strongly believe we need to secure our 
borders. We witnessed a 90-percent decrease and we are seeing 
that play out in our city, so we should have a strong 
immigration law.
    Mr. Grothman. And I will ask this question then. If you 
believe we should have an immigration law, and then we will get 
all four of you here, if you believe that, do you believe 
people who ignore the law, whatever that law is, should be 
allowed in the country?
    Mr. Adams. I think that all of us must be held accountable 
to the law, and if we secure our borders to make sure before 
they come in, that is done correctly, it is not going to impact 
cities to carry that burden, like I said, close to $7 billion 
in tax dollars.
    Mr. Grothman. Mr. Johnston, do you believe we ought to have 
an immigration law in this country, or do you believe everybody 
should just be able to walk in here and set up shop?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, sir. I do believe we should have 
an immigration law. I do believe we should have secure borders. 
I do believe we should fix our asylum process. I do believe we 
should let Dreamers get access to permanent citizenship----
    Mr. Grothman. OK. Then the question is, if somebody ignores 
that law and comes in this country, do you believe the whoever, 
ICE or Border Patrol, or anybody should spin them around and 
send them out, or can they just ignore the law and because they 
crossed the Rio Grande, overstaying a visa, whatever, are here? 
You do believe that we ought to do something to the people who 
are ignoring the law?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, sir. In the case of the folks we 
are seeing, they are coming here because they are claiming 
asylum. When they claim asylum, they then have a right to a day 
in court to see if that asylum claim is valid.
    Mr. Grothman. The question is, though, if I come in this 
country and stay here, and I have not gone through any formal 
process to become a citizen or to be a legal visa or whatever, 
should we kick that person out?
    Mr. Johnston. The folks that we are serving, sir, are 
trying very hard to navigate that legal process. It is often a 
7-year wait for a court date when they arrive at this country, 
so part of it is the backlogged administrative deport----
    Mr. Grothman. OK. Let me tell you this. Every month under 
President Biden, at least the statistics I have, 30-to -40,000 
people, what are called got-aways, came across the Southern 
border, did not ask for asylum, did not ask for anything. Do 
you believe that people who just come across that way should be 
escorted out of the country, or do you believe just because 
they ran between the designated checkpoints that they, as the 
result, get to stay here forever?
    Mr. Johnston. And sir, we are serving folks who are seeking 
asylum or have temporary protective status----
    Mr. Grothman. Of course you would not even know that.
    Mr. Johnston. [continuing.] Through CBP One.
    Mr. Grothman. OK. Next mayor, Mayor Johnson, I think from 
Chicago, what do you think? Should we have any immigration law 
in this country, or should anybody who comes here just be able 
to stay here?
    Mr. Johnson. I do support the bipartisan legislation that 
was passed out of the Senate for comprehensive immigration 
reform.
    Mr. Grothman. Well, no, that is not answering the question. 
Right now, people are breaking the law. Do you believe the 
United States should have an immigration law? As far as I know, 
every country in the world has an immigration law--maybe there 
is one outlier or something--and we have laws in the United 
States. Do you believe if people come here and break the law 
that they should be escorted out, or do you believe they just 
get to stay here forever?
    Mr. Johnson. Our immigration system is broken. We have not 
had a comprehensive immigration reform since 1986.
    Mr. Grothman. Mayor Wu?
    Ms. Wu. May I answer fully?
    Chairman Comer. Yes. His time has expired, but feel free to 
answer.
    Ms. Wu. OK.
    Chairman Comer. Do you want Mayor Wu to answer your 
question or are you fair?
    Mr. Grothman. Yes, she----
    Chairman Comer. OK. Yes, yes. Go ahead.
    Ms. Wu. Yes. Thank you, Congressman. Yes, cities everywhere 
clearly need an immigration law that has secure borders, 
comprehensive and consistent compassionate pathways to 
residency and citizenship, resources to adjudicate the 
complexities of the law, and at the same time, I do not support 
mass deportation. That would be devastating for our economy, 
and there are millions of people who are running our small 
businesses, going to our schools----
    Chairman Comer. OK. Thank you. The Chair recognizes, and I 
must add, I do not think anyone is calling for mass 
deportation, but the Chair recognizes Mr. Garcia from 
California.
    Mr. Garcia. Thank you. Well, thanks, Mr. Chairman. I want 
to thank all of our witnesses for being here today.
    Before I came to Congress, I was the Mayor of Long Beach, 
California for 8 years. It is a diverse city of about half a 
million people, so I appreciate the work that mayors do. As 
Mayor, I signed the Long Beach Values Act to protect all of our 
residents, including immigrants and undocumented residents. We 
set up justice funds to support people that were facing 
deportation, defending immigrants in court. These are policies 
that are strongly supported by my residents back home because 
they are good for all the community and make Long Beach safer.
    Now, we also know that immigrants make our communities 
vibrant and thriving places to live. The facts are that 
sanctuary jurisdictions or jurisdictions that welcome 
immigrants are overwhelmingly safer than non-sanctuary 
jurisdictions. That is actually a fact. Immigrants, both 
documented and undocumented, are also less likely to be 
incarcerated or to commit crimes than native-born people. We 
know this to be true. Again, these are facts, and mayors have 
every right to pursue the policies that, you know, are best for 
your residents.
    Now, the Trump Administration has threatened to prosecute 
some of the mayors on the panel today and force them to comply 
with his extremist agenda, but, however, Mayor Adams, you are 
in a different position. You, of course, are already facing 
serious criminal charges, and, Mayor Adams, I assume that you 
are not going to commit perjury today. And I do believe, 
though, that you have an enormous amount of issues facing you 
ahead of you, and it means your criminal charges are absolutely 
relevant to us today: bribery, wire fraud, willfully and 
knowingly conspiring to commit offenses against the United 
States. Mayor Adams, you, of course, deny these corruption 
charges against you. Is that correct?
    Mr. Adams. Yes, Congressman.
    Mr. Garcia. Thank you. Now, I understand that you are 
proven innocent unless you are guilty, but you also have, sir, 
a trust problem. Four of your deputy mayors have resigned. Now, 
this is serious, and Republican prosecutors agree that the 
evidence against you is ironclad, yet Trump's DOJ moved to drop 
these charges.
    [Poster.]
    Mr. Garcia. Now, I want to be just really clear and show 
this here. Now, look at how the Trump-appointed acting U.S. 
Attorney who was prosecuting you described it: ``Because the 
law does not support a dismissal and because I am confident 
that Adams committed the crimes with which he is charged, I 
cannot agree to seek a dismissal.'' Now, this is a conservative 
Republican who resigned when Donald Trump pressured her to drop 
the charges, and we know that the Trump Administration demanded 
that the charges be dropped, and this is key. They will be able 
to refile them against you, Mr. Mayor, at any time. I think, 
personally, that is why you sat next to the architect of family 
separation on Fox and Friends.
    Now, Tom Homan sat next to you and said the following, 
``Getting on Rikers Island is step one. We are working on some 
other things that we do not really want to talk about on open 
air because the city council will be putting roadblocks up on 
us. The Mayor and me have a commitment to several other 
things.'' Now, this was you, of course, and Mr. Homan, the 
architect of family separation. This is also incredibly 
concerning, Mr. Mayor. You sat next to him, you smiled, you 
badmouthed your own city council. Now, Mr. Mayor, we have a 
right to know if the Trump Administration has actually coerced 
you into agreeing to anything, and, Mayor Adams, I also want to 
be very clear, are you selling out New Yorkers to save yourself 
from prosecution?
    Mr. Adams. There is no deal, no quid pro quo, and I did 
nothing wrong, and anything dealing with this case had a 
deference to Judge Ho, who is now addressing it. I am going to 
refer to his actions.
    Mr. Garcia. Well, Mr. Mayor, it appears, to me at least, 
that you are selling New Yorkers out. It appears that you are 
working with Tom Homan, who is clearly focused on family 
separation and deportations, and harming New Yorkers and others 
across the country. Now, every other mayor on this panel is 
pursuing legal and effective policies that benefit our 
residents and their communities. Their policies actually uphold 
public safety. Now, I personally agree with majority of New 
Yorkers and think, Mr. Mayor, that you should resign. You 
should do the right thing. You should step down and resign 
today, and with that, I yield back.
    Mr. Connolly. Would my friend yield?
    Mr. Garcia. I yield.
    Mr. Connolly. Mr. Mayor, I want to be really clear. Were 
you pressured in exchange for the dropping and dismissal of 
criminal charges in your indictment to cooperate with the Trump 
Administration on all fronts with respect to immigration? Did 
any such conversation take place?
    Mr. Adams. I think I was extremely clear.
    Mr. Connolly. I cannot hear you, sir.
    Mr. Adams. I think I was extremely clear: no quid pro quo, 
no agreement. I did nothing wrong, but serve the people of New 
York City.
    Mr. Connolly. I thank my friend for yielding.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair now recognizes Mr. Cloud from 
Texas.
    Mr. Cloud. Thank you, Chairman. Thank you, witnesses for 
being here.
    You know, we are indeed a Nation of immigrants. I have to 
look no further than my own children who are the inheritance of 
both my ancestors who got here in the 1600s with William Penn 
or my wife who got here when we got married. I think that is 
really what this Nation is about, but you are not here today 
because of legal immigration. You are here because of illegal 
migrants who have been sent to our country. In your opening 
statements, there was a deft linguistic shell game that you 
played to try to conflate legal immigration with people who are 
coming here illegally, and we are savvy to that.
    You are here because each of you, with the exception Mr. 
Adams, have said in some form or fashion that you will not 
honor ICE detainers; in other words, that when you have people 
in custody and ICE says we need to come arrest that person 
because they are here illegally, that we will not honor that. 
That is why you are here. No one is asking you to go round up 
criminal aliens. We are asking you to take people who are 
already in your custody and hand them over to legal Federal law 
enforcement.
    Now, what this does is it saves U.S. taxpayer money. It 
keeps from a greater presence of ICE and Federal law 
enforcement in your communities because if you are releasing 
them, it takes more people, as Chairman Jordan mentioned, to go 
in and to re-arrest that person and it puts the lives of law 
enforcement in danger. This used to be a bipartisan issue. As a 
matter of fact, groups like the Cato Institute called President 
Obama the deporter-in-chief.
    And Mr. Chairman, I would like to submit for the record a 
Cato article. ``President Obama: Deporter-in-Chief,'' is the 
title of it.
    So why, we have to ask, is suddenly the left not embracing 
policies that Obama supported. We can look to last night where 
it seems to be Trump derangement syndrome, where the left could 
not seem to applaud kids fighting cancer, a First Lady and 
accomplished immigrant in her own rights, where traditionally 
we have applauded and recognized and honored the families for 
their sacrifice. This is the President's issue and they are 
kind of along for the ride. It was odd, I thought, that they 
applauded sending more money to the Ukraine, but not peace for 
Ukraine. And so, it brings us back to why we are here, and why 
this is a partisan issue all of a sudden, it boggles the mind.
    Now, Mayor Johnson, you seem to want to talk about Texas. 
So, I am from Texas. Let us talk about Texas. First of all, 
have you been to the Southern border?
    Mr. Johnson. I have been to Texas, but I have not been 
exactly to the Southern border.
    Mr. Cloud. OK. You seem to talk about Governor Abbott and 
sending buses to your city. Now, I can understand the concern 
with that, but I will also let you know that Texas did not ask 
for the Biden Administration to open the borders and send in 
exponential amount of people that have affected your city into 
our state, and you should know that no one forced them to go to 
your city. The reason they selected your city is because you 
have said it is a sanctuary city. Everyone was asked where they 
wanted to go before they got on the bus. No one asked them or 
told them or forced them to get on the bus. They did it of 
their own free will, and they were sent to your city because of 
your stated claim to be a sanctuary city.
    Now, one thing I could tell you, having toured the 
facilities, is that I have been to those facilities under the 
Biden Administration where there was a map on the wall, and you 
could see the migrants kind of pointing out which city they 
wanted to go to. And I can also tell you from having been 
through the immigration process with my wife, there is a 
difference between people coming here legally--I have been at 
the ceremony where the people are crying with tears as they 
take the oath of citizenship to come to this country. It is far 
different than people coming across our border, waving the 
flags, not trying to assimilate into the United States' 
culture, and sometimes bringing crime into our communities. 
This is an issue.
    Now, each mayor, I want to ask you, one of the issues 
recently is how much FEMA dollars have gone to support migrants 
in hotel rooms in your communities. Mayor Adams, do you know 
how many FEMA dollars is spent in your city?
    Mr. Adams. Eighty million dollars, and I have been to the 
border, and I saw those maps pointed to New York.
    Mr. Cloud. Thank you. Mayor Johnston?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Congressman. I know we do have 
some Federal dollars. I have to get back to you on the exact 
amount. It seems----
    Mr. Cloud. It is roughly $32 million, Mayor, $38 million. 
Mayor Johnson?
    Mr. Johnson. I do not have the exact numbers.
    Mr. Cloud. It is $32 million. Mayor?
    Ms. Wu. I do not have the number either. I would love to 
know.
    Mr. Cloud. Twenty-nine million dollars. So understandably, 
citizens are concerned about their taxpayer dollars that are 
supposed to be going to disaster relief for them and their 
communities going to illegal aliens. Do you agree, each of 
you--yes or no question; I only have a couple seconds--do you 
recognize that it is against the law to harbor criminal aliens?
    Chairman Comer. The gentlemen's time has expired, but 
please, please answer the question. Mayor Adams?
    Mr. Adams. Yes, meaning Federal law, correct.
    Mr. Johnston. I do recognize that, and we do not do that.
    Mr. Johnson. The city of Chicago does not harbor criminals.
    Ms. Wu. Yes, we follow the laws.
    Mr. Connolly. Mr. Chairman, I have a unanimous consent 
request.
    Chairman Comer. Proceed.
    Mr. Connolly. I would ask to enter into the record two 
articles, one talking about President Trump putting mass 
deportations to the heart of his campaign during the campaign, 
and just last night, ``Trump Vows to Use U.S. Military for Mass 
Deportations.''
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so order.
    Mr. Connolly. I thank the Chair.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Mr. Frost from 
Florida.
    Mr. Frost. Thank you, Mr. Chair. So, the year is 1969. My 
abuela, Zenaida, my grandma, Yeya, gets a call, and her, my 
mother; Maritza, my aunt; Sandra, and my grandpa, Pepe; have to 
go to a plane within 24 hours because they have been approved 
to come to the United States. They came here as refugees in 
1969 during the freedom flights from Cuba for their new life in 
accordance with the promise of this Nation. ICE arrested 
hundreds of U.S. citizens during Trump's first term. Again, in 
the last few weeks, ICE has detained Native Americans, a 
teenage girl from Nicaragua, Puerto Ricans, a Puerto Rican 
military veteran, all legal residents, but all who fit the 
description. I bet someone like my grandma would have fit the 
description, too, maybe even myself.
    Trump's border czar went on TV and raged about Americans 
studying up on their constitutional rights during interactions 
with ICE agents. It was one of the most despicable things I 
have seen, and the question is, why is he so upset that people 
know their constitutional rights to the point where this 
Administration has moved to try to intimidate Members of 
Congress for trying to educate their constituents to know their 
rights? Why don't they want people to know their rights? Well, 
because if we know what our rights are, we will also know when 
Trump tries to take them away.
    Mr. Bier, why are such outbursts from this Administration 
alarming as threats to our rights and liberties?
    Mr. Bier. Well, you think about what we have heard about 
detainer requests. I have documented over 155 U.S. citizens who 
have been targeted by detainer requests, and they want to say 
we are going to just take the discretion away from state and 
local governments over detainer requests, even in the case 
where someone is clearly a U.S. citizen, here is my birth 
certificate. Does not matter, they are going to disregard it, 
and so, yes, I am well aware of the threat this Administration 
poses to constitutional rights.
    Mr. Frost. So, from what we saw the last few weeks, should 
American citizens, should people with legal permanent residence 
in this country be also scared of this mass deportation 
campaign for themselves and their own children?
    Mr. Bier. Oh, absolutely. The birthright citizenship order 
is the most egregious, but that does not stop there. They want 
to take away people's citizenship and people's rights 
regardless whether they are citizens or not.
    Mr. Frost. Thank you. Mayor Wu, Boston has been named the 
ninth best city for quality of life in the entire country. 
Congratulations.
    Ms. Wu. I would not argue with that.
    Mr. Frost. OK. If Trump succeeds in forcing you to redirect 
your city's budget and personnel to help with ICE raids and 
this mass deportation campaign, how would that affect quality 
of life for your people?
    Ms. Wu. First, that is against the laws in Boston and in 
Massachusetts, but I have heard from so many community members, 
including residents who are immigrants who are citizens, that 
they are terrified. And that means when people do not feel 
comfortable reaching out to call 9-1-1 when they need help, 
when survivors of domestic violence do not feel comfortable 
reporting or giving information, it makes all of us less safe, 
even those who are not immigrants.
    Mr. Frost. This culture of fear is bad for the safety of 
our people. Donald Trump's immigration raids are also 
traumatizing and destabilizing, of course all Americans, but 
especially children and kids. Being a kid in America is hard 
enough--making good grades, going through more school shooter 
drills and fire drills--and now Trump wants to send armed ICE 
agents into their classrooms to rip children from the school 
desk as they are trying to learn. Mayor Johnston, my colleagues 
are laughing about that. I do not find that funny. What would a 
school day be like for a kid in your city when ICE suddenly 
bangs down on the door and abruptly grabs their teacher or one 
of their friends?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, sir. I was a teacher and I was a 
school principal before I did this job, so I knew that our 
school was often the safest place that kids came, and they 
knew, there, they could learn, they could get support, they get 
access to services. And many of our kids come from mixed-status 
families. They do not know their status. They do not know their 
mom's status or their dad's status. So, I have had families 
before who have pulled their kids out of school, kids who were 
citizens because they were worried that somehow their kids were 
in danger because they did not know who was being taken. And 
so, for us, the fastest way to make a city unsafe is to have 
kids not feel safe in their own schools.
    Mr. Frost. See, they want everybody to live in fear of 
undocumented people. That is what they want to do. But I will 
tell you, when I am in my district and I do roundtables, I have 
done them with kids in elementary school, and I ask them what 
they want us to do. They want us to ban assault weapons. They 
say what they are actually scared of is being shot to death and 
dying in their schools. And because of actions that the 
Democratic administration took, the Biden Administration, with 
Congress, gun violence has gone down in Denver 24 percent, 25 
percent in Chicago, 40 percent down, homicides, in Boston. Gun 
violence went up 45 percent under Trump. So, when they are in 
charge, more people die. When they are in charge, we are 
actually less safe. And I think that is an important thing that 
we all have to keep in mind as they try to scare us in terms of 
immigrants who are living in this country. Thank you, and I 
yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Mr. Palmer from 
Alabama.
    Mr. Palmer. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I thank the witnesses 
for being here. I just want to respond about crimes committed 
by people here illegally. Every crime committed by someone in 
the United States illegally is a crime that would not have been 
committed. Laken Riley, Ruby Garcia, Rachel Morin, Jocelyn 
Nungaray, the woman set on fire in the New York subway--these 
are all assaults, rapes, murders, and other crimes that would 
not have taken the lives of these people if those people were 
not here illegally. They were given safe harbor.
    Now, I want to ask you something. You all took an oath of 
office. Mr. Adams, did you swear to uphold the Constitution of 
the United States?
    Mr. Adams. Yes, I do.
    Mr. Palmer. How about you, Mayor Johnson?
    Mr. Johnston. Yes, sir, I did.
    Mr. Palmer. How about you, Mayor? The other Mayor Johnston.
    Mr. Johnson. Yes, the Constitution of the United States as 
well as the Constitution of Illinois.
    Mr. Palmer. OK. And, Mayor, you did?
    Ms. Wu. Yes.
    Mr. Palmer. Are you familiar with the Supremacy Clause, any 
of you?
    Mr. Johnston. Yes, sir, I am.
    Mr. Palmer. OK. Then under the Supremacy Clause, you 
understand that the laws of the United States take precedent 
over the laws of Colorado, over the laws of Illinois, over the 
laws of Massachusetts, and your cities. Do you understand that?
    Mr. Johnston. Yes, sir, I do.
    Mr. Palmer. But when you declared your cities sanctuary 
cities, you did so illegally. Do you understand that?
    Mr. Johnston. Respectfully, sir, I would disagree with 
that. We follow every single law.
    Mr. Palmer. You are disagreeing with the law. It is against 
the law to give sanctuary to people who have committed 
felonies, and it is a felony to cross the border illegally.
    Mr. Johnston. There is no----
    Mr. Palmer. You gave sanctuary to people who are here 
illegally. You violated your oath to uphold the Constitution. 
Because of the Supremacy Clause, the laws of the United States 
take preference, but you did not do that.
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, sir. There is no part of our city 
law that violates Federal law, no part of the practices or 
services we provided that violate Federal law.
    Mr. Palmer. Did you personally violate the law then by 
giving sanctuary? Somebody gave these people sanctuary. The 
city of Boston was declared a sanctuary city by you, Mayor.
    Ms. Wu. Being a sanctuary city, as you describe it, or 
being a city, as we describe it, that is home for everyone, it 
means that if you commit a crime, you are held accountable, 
regardless of immigration status.
    Mr. Palmer. When you give safe harbor to people who are 
here illegally, and when you interfere with the officers of the 
law who are there to even remove people that you know have 
committed crimes, you have violated your oath of office. You 
have committed a crime.
    Mr. Chairman, I do not understand why we have not been 
discussing obstruction of justice. I mean, get real about this. 
We have a problem in the country with the people who have come 
here illegally, and I just gave you a few names of people who 
have been raped and murdered. There are numerous others. There 
is a whole organization established called Remembrance to 
remember the people who have been assaulted, raped, murdered in 
this country because certain cities, certain officials decided 
to give sanctuary to people who came here illegally and 
committed these crimes. It goes all the way back to Kate 
Steinle, San Francisco, shot by someone who was here illegally. 
She would still be alive today. She died in the arms of her 
father. So, again, I want to know if you understand the 
supremacy clause, that the laws of the United States are 
supreme over whatever your opinions might be of what the laws 
are.
    Mr. Johnston. Sir, I do recognize that. We do follow that. 
I want to clarify that we actively, aggressively pursue any 
known criminal in the city, and we actually partner with 
Federal Government to do that. If there is someone with a 
criminal warrant, we are searching for them. We have Federal 
task forces we are partners of to break up gang activity. We do 
that for drug trafficking, we do that on armed robberies, so we 
are in partnership with the Federal Government on many issues 
around the city.
    Mr. Palmer. Mayor Adams is being attacked because he has 
agreed to cooperate with Federal officials to uphold the laws 
of the United States. I have not heard any of you in defense of 
that.
    Mr. Johnston. We are absolutely upholding the laws of the 
United States. We do it every day, and we will continue to do 
it.
    Mr. Palmer. I just think we need to do a deeper dive into 
this, Mr. Chairman. If it were up to me, I mean, I would be 
considering referring charges. I think we have got a problem 
here when we decide that there are some laws that we will obey 
and some laws that we will not. I do not care who it is, 
Republican, Democrat. I do not care what office you hold, we 
need to abide by the laws passed by the United States.
    Ms. Crockett. Will the gentleman yield?
    Mr. Palmer. No, I will not yield. Mr. Chairman, I thank you 
for the time. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. We are going to 
have two more questioners, then we are going to have to take a 
break at the request of the witnesses, a 15-minute break, maybe 
20 if we need that. But the Chair recognizes Mr. Casar, and 
after him, then Mr. Higgins, and we will proceed with the 
break, but the Chair recognizes Mr. Casar.
    Mr. Casar. Good morning.
    Mr. Adams. Good morning.
    Ms. Wu. Good morning.
    Mr. Johnston. Good morning.
    Mr. Casar. Mayor Wu, can you tell us a little bit, just 
maybe 20 seconds, about how your administration has helped 
address unemployment, especially amongst youth in your city 
which we know is a risk when we have high levels of young 
people unemployed.
    Ms. Wu. We made a commitment, our mayor's guarantee, that 
any young person in the Boston Public Schools who wanted a paid 
summer job would get one, and we fulfilled that with the 
partnership of businesses and companies and organizations 
throughout the city. Record numbers participating.
    Mr. Casar. Thank you, Mayor Wu. Mayor Johnson, can you tell 
us a little bit about measures your office has implemented to 
address the root causes of violence in Chicago?
    Mr. Johnson. Thank you for that question, yes. So, first of 
all, it is great to report that violence is down in the city of 
Chicago, and it has gone down since I have been in office as a 
result of a couple of measures. One, we have reopened three 
mental health clinics because we are in a very severe mental 
health crisis. We have also increased the number of youth 
employment. We have hired almost 28,000 young people for last 
summer. This year, we have an opportunity to hire up to 29,000 
young people. We have also built more homes. Just last year, we 
have appropriated $11 billion, 37,000 construction jobs, in the 
works for almost 10,000 more affordable units. And we have 
promoted and hired 200 detectives to increase trust between 
community and law enforcement to solve the crimes that do occur 
in our city.
    Mr. Casar. Thank you so much. Mayors, I want to thank you 
for the hard work you are doing every single day. Just in 40 
seconds you have described building tens of thousands of homes 
for people that need them, hiring detectives to solve cold 
cases, building community trust to reduce violence, hiring 
people to do incredible mental health work, and reducing the 
youth unemployment rate. That is so much more than what the 
Republican Majority can ever describe having ideas about, and 
that is why they have dragged you before us today. They want to 
point the finger at you because they have no plan on how to 
address housing, no plan on how to reduce costs, no plan on how 
to actually reduce violence in our communities. In fact, maybe 
some of the only plans they have would be to make those issues 
worse.
    And I know that you all as mayors are doing one of the 
hardest jobs in this country every single day. You are serving 
your communities honorably, and they do not want the American 
people to hear about how Boston has drastically dropped your 
unemployment rate. They do not want the American people to hear 
about how Chicago is dropping the rate of violence in the city. 
But our job is to make sure the American people actually hear 
the truth, and the truth is that you are pairing a law 
enforcement response along with a mental health response and a 
housing response and a jobs response to what is going on in 
your cities, and that is so critical.
    Republicans, on the other hand here, are going back to the 
same old tactic, which is to say, find a vulnerable group of 
people and let us blame them for everything that we can. 
Anything bad that happens, let us go try to point the finger at 
our political opponents, or at a vulnerable person, or at a 
person of color from a faraway place, and that does not 
actually solve real issues for the American people. Republicans 
and their big boss donors blame immigrants for low wages 
because they do not want the American people to see the 
Republican plan to dismantle the NLRB to dismantle unions and 
to never pass a bill raising wages for American workers.
    They blame immigrants for housing costs because the 
Republicans are dismantling the Department of Housing and Urban 
Development and stripping affordable housing funding from this 
country. They want to distract from the $8 million a day that 
people like Elon Musk get in Federal contracts while they 
attack hardworking immigrants, and while they attack officials 
that are actually just trying to do their jobs.
    Mayor Johnson, you have a limited number, I suppose, of 
jail cells in Cook County and a limited number of law 
enforcement resources. Is that correct?
    Mr. Johnson. That is correct, and I do not have 
jurisdiction over Cook County jails.
    Mr. Casar. And you want to make sure that when somebody in 
the city of Chicago calls 9-1-1, that they get an appropriate 
response. Is that correct?
    Mr. Johnson. That is correct.
    Mr. Casar. And so, what I have been hearing all morning 
from my Republican colleagues is they want the Federal 
Government to go tell the city of Denver or the city of Boston 
or the city of Chicago, they want the Federal Government to be 
able to call you and take over your police resources or take 
over your county's jail resources, and you do not even 
represent the county, for whatever case they might come up 
with, whether the person is dangerous or not. Instead of having 
cities determine if somebody is dangerous and needs to be held, 
instead of having cities say we want to make sure if you have 
an emergency that we get somebody to you and do not just send 
out our police to a call that may not be a priority just 
because somebody in the Federal Government wants to go after 
somebody with no criminal background and that is not a threat.
    And so, with that, Mr. Chairman, right before I yield back, 
I just want to thank people that are involved in local 
government, city council members, neighborhood associations, 
mayors, the people who keep our cities running. You deserve our 
support in making your cities more safe. You deserve our 
support----
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman's time has expired.
    Mr. Casar [continuing]. Addressing housing instead of 
hearings like this. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Mr. Higgins from 
Louisiana.
    Mr. Higgins. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Let us clarify for 
America. Mayor Adams, Mayor Johnson, Mayor Johnston, and Mayor 
Wu, are you here today under the advice of counsel, and do you 
have counsel present? Yes or no.
    Mr. Adams. I want to understand the question. Are we----
    Mr. Higgins. Are you here today under the advice of 
counsel, and do you have counsel present?
    Mr. Adams. Do I have counsel present? I am here because we 
were requested to appear.
    Mr. Higgins. Did you have counsel prior to your appearance?
    Mr. Adams. Yes, we did.
    Mr. Higgins. Thank you. This is not a trap question. We 
just want to clarify.
    Mr. Adams. OK.
    Mr. Higgins. You are here under the advice of counsel. Do 
you have counsel present?
    Mr. Johnson. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Johnston. Counsel present. Here because I was invited.
    Mr. Higgins. Did you get counsel before your trip here?
    Mr. Johnston. We do have counsel. I was here----
    Mr. Higgins. You get advice from your counsel?
    Mr. Johnston. Yes.
    Mr. Higgins. OK. Then you are under the advice of counsel. 
Mayor Wu?
    Ms. Wu. Yes.
    Mr. Higgins. Thank you. I just want to clarify for 
America--these mayors are all sanctuary city mayors, but the 
narrative is no longer comfortable because 3 months ago we were 
at the tail end of 4 years of millions and millions of illegals 
coming into our country. It was out of control. The only thing 
that has happened since then is we had an election in November. 
And now we are not pulling the curtain back. We have ripped the 
curtain from the rods. We have revealed to America just how 
fast we could have secured our border if you had an executive 
that was willing to enforce the law.
    So, now we are paying attention to our municipalities, and 
every one of them is lawyered up. They have changed their 
narrative. We got example after example. The Mayor of Chicago, 
``we must lead with and live by the promise of a sanctuary 
city.'' The Mayor of Denver willing to go to jail in defense of 
sanctuary city policy. The list goes on. But the policies of 
these mayors and our previous President have consequences--
real-life consequences.
    I have a family here today, Mr. Chairman, who lost their 
beautiful loved one. This young man was killed by an illegal 
immigrant in Texas that never should have been in our country. 
He will never be here to raise his daughter, Ann Marie, to love 
and cherish and honor and uphold his beautiful wife, Olivia. 
And you mayors have responsibility not just to your communities 
and the citizens you swore to serve, but, by extension, to the 
entire republic.
    Let me clarify. I was a cop for a long time. To honor the 
jurisdictional authority of another law enforcement agency, you 
do it every day in your city, guaranteed every one of you. If 
you have an inmate in your city on city charges and that inmate 
has a felony warrant from a neighboring county or another 
county in your state, and that county contacts your city while 
you have that inmate in detention and ask you to hold them for 
them to come pick it up upon release, guaranteed you release 
that inmate to the county over or to your state police. But you 
are not doing it for ICE, and ICE is responsible to remove 
millions of criminal, hard-edged criminal, illegals from our 
country, and we have had enough. America is fed up with this 
betrayal of oath, and you will be held accountable. One of you 
said you are willing to go to jail. We might give you that 
opportunity, good mayor.
    One of my colleagues mentioned the children. I always want 
to talk of the children, separation of children, and at any 
given time in America, there are 750,000 to 850,000 American 
citizen parents of minor children incarcerated in our country. 
If you commit a felony in America, you get arrested and 
prosecuted and convicted and incarcerated, you can expect to be 
separated from your children. But let me say there is a sunset 
to that separation because when you do your time, you will be 
released. You can return to your family. This young man will 
never return to his family, and he should have never been 
removed from his family if we had a President and heads of our 
municipalities that were willing to uphold the Federal law that 
exists. America is moving into a new era of enforcement of our 
own laws. Welcome to it. Mr. Chairman, I yield.
    Chairman Comer. Very good.
    Ms. Crockett. Mr. Chair, I have a unanimous consent.
    Chairman Comer. All right.
    Ms. Crockett. This is an article from Wired. It is February 
18, 2025: ``U.S. funding cuts are helping criminals get away 
with child abuse and human trafficking. Services supporting 
victims of online child exploitation and trafficking''----
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Crockett. Thank you so much.
    Chairman Comer. At the request of the witnesses, the 
Committee will take a 20-minute break. Pursuant to the previous 
order, the Chair declares the Committee in recess for 20 
minutes.
    [Recess.]
    Chairman Comer. The Committee will come back to order.
    The Chair recognizes Ms. Lee from Pennsylvania for 5 
minutes.
    Ms. Lee. Thank you, Mr. Chair. So, we have heard a lot of 
accusations and sensationalism thrown around here today, which 
is not new for this Committee, but I do think we need to be 
clear about what we are really talking about today and what the 
so-called sanctuary city policies actually mean. What 
Republicans are calling sanctuary cities simply means that a 
city or a state is not going to do the job of ICE for them. 
That is it.
    Republicans are acting like there is like a mythical 
barrier that keeps ICE completely out of cities. If you are 
listening to Fox News, they make it seem like there are police 
at the borders of Chicago keeping ICE agents out, and that is 
simply not the case. Republicans want every town, city, state 
to dedicate their limited resources to entering what is called 
a 287(g) agreement with ICE to either do their enforcement work 
on the ground or hold people in custody for an additional 48 
hours on detainers. That is 48 hours beyond the lawful 
detention.
    To be clear, that is illegal. In more than 700 counties in 
at least nine states, there are policies or court decisions 
limiting these ICE detainers as it is such a blatant violation 
of the Fourth Amendment. And when people's Fourth Amendment 
rights are violated, it is the cities, not ICE, who face civil 
lawsuits. As a reminder to Republicans, the Fourth Amendment is 
the one against unlawful searches and seizures. Just last year, 
New York City's Department of Corrections had to pay $92.5 
million in a settlement to those they unlawfully detained for 
ICE. Republicans are putting these mayors between a rock and a 
hard place, and the reason that they are doing this is because 
Trump is trying to get them to do illegal things. If they work 
for ICE, they risk violating their own residents' 
constitutional rights and opening themselves up to costly 
litigation, but if they do not do Trump's bidding, they are 
being threatened with losing Federal funding.
    Today's hearing is nothing more than a shakedown against 
the mayors of some of our Nation's biggest cities and a part of 
Trump's ongoing anti-city crusade. In Trump's America, if you 
disagree with his priorities, then you lose Federal dollars. 
Just last week, Donald Trump actually called city leaders who 
oppose his cruel policies sick politicians. Just a few days 
before that, his border czar, Tom Homan threatened that he 
would be bringing hell on the city of Boston. Mayor Wu, what do 
you think about these threats against Boston and their attempts 
to force you to enact policies that are against the very things 
your constituents voted for?
    Ms. Wu. The laws are most important, and the safety of our 
residents are most important. And what I hear from all of our 
residents across every one of our neighborhoods is that, in 
fact, undermining the trust is what would make our city less 
safe. And so, we need everyone to feel secure in their 
communities. Like, they can reach out, they can call 9-1-1 when 
they need help, and in our city, those laws actually help 
Boston police solve crimes.
    Ms. Lee. Thank you. Mr. Bier, question for you. I had 
always thought that my Republican colleagues were strong 
supporters of state and local sovereignty and were against 
intrusion from the Federal Government. Do you think this 
lawsuit seems consistent with that position?
    Mr. Bier. Oh, absolutely not. If you look at the Supreme 
Court precedent on this, it came from a gun control law that 
said that state and local governments had to cooperate with the 
Federal Government on gun control. The Supreme Court said that 
is unconstitutional. Not a single Member on this side, I 
believe, would be against that Supreme Court decision.
    Ms. Lee. There is nothing illegal about protecting people's 
constitutional rights and due process education and equal 
treatment under the law, but it is illegal for the Federal 
Government to withhold Federal dollars that these cities' 
taxpayer dollars have gone toward. Mayor Johnson, Chicago ranks 
as one of the largest cities in the U.S. and has the third 
largest metropolitan economy, boasting a GDP of $860 million. 
This makes it one of the most economically diverse cities in 
the Nation, correct?
    Mr. Johnson. That is correct.
    Ms. Lee. Would it be fair to say that your city generates 
billions in taxpayer revenue and that the average taxpayer in 
Chicago and Illinois contributes more than around $20,000 in 
Federal income taxes, which is more than $1,310 above the 
national average?
    Mr. Johnson. That is absolutely correct.
    Ms. Lee. But can we conclude that Chicago residents pay 
significantly more in taxes than they receive in return, 
contributing at least $5 in taxes for every $1 they get back in 
Federal support?
    Mr. Johnson. More than our fair share.
    Ms. Lee. Thank you. Only nine states have taxpayers that 
contribute more to the Federal Government than they receive. 
All four of our mayors are from states on that list, yet 
Republicans are saying that they should lose that money because 
they do not agree with their dear leader. Trump and Republicans 
are attempting to take money from blue cities and blue states 
and give them to their red states. Republicans too often 
demonize blue areas and cities that are the very areas that are 
keeping the economy going. The attacks we have heard on mayors 
today are not only shameful, they are dangerous capitulations 
to the impulses of this President, who is trying to expand 
executive power in nearly every direction.
    I would like to thank our Mayors Wu, Johnson, and Johnston, 
for coming in today, having the strength of courage to stand up 
to this Administration. Thank you. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes the gentleman from 
Arizona, Mr. Biggs.
    Mr. Biggs. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. So, Mayor Adams--sorry, 
over here--you have agreed today that New York City is a 
sanctuary city. Is that right?
    Mr. Adams. Based on the definitions, and, Congressman, 
there is no uniform definition of that, but yes.
    Mr. Biggs. Right, but that is what you have proclaimed. 
Mayor Johnston, you have previously also declared that you are 
a sanctuary city. Mayor Johnson, you said that Chicago must 
lead with and live by the promise to be a sanctuary city. Mayor 
Wu, you said Boston police and other departments cannot 
cooperate with ICE when it comes to detaining on civil 
warrants. Of course, I do not know what Mayor Johnston would 
define it, but I do know that the Honorable Mayor Johnston from 
Chicago, they call theirs a Welcoming City ordinance, and we 
have got Ms. Wu, Mayor Wu, who has referred to hers as a safe 
city. That is really interesting to me.
    So, when you are a sanctuary city, you put limits on how 
much you are willing to cooperate with Federal agencies' 
efforts to remove illegal aliens, and your policies then 
contravene Federal law. You just do. Under Title 8 of the U.S. 
Code, it says, ``A Federal, state, or local government entity 
or official may not prohibit or in any way restrict any 
government entity or official from sending to or receiving from 
the Immigration Naturalization Service any information 
regarding citizenship or immigration status of any 
individual.''
    So, when I look at your guys' ordinances, and I got them 
all up here, and they are really interesting stuff, in Denver, 
I think you testified previously that you rely on the statutory 
section--am I right--of the state statute, so let us just 
review this. There is a distinction, and some of you have made 
that. Mayor Johnston of Chicago made this repeatedly, and Mayor 
Wu of Boston did. There is a distinction between criminal 
warrant, and you say we cooperate on criminal warrant, but 
there are two levels of cooperation at least. There is a 
communication level, and there is a passing the person off. 
That is one level of the criminal, but the civil, the civil 
level, this is what I want to talk about for a second because 
all of these ordinances proscribe communication and transfer of 
someone where there is a civil warrant.
    Now, I know that all of you understand that a removal order 
is a civil order, and that means none of you and none of your 
agencies within your municipalities are communicating or 
passing over someone where there is an ICE removal detainer. 
So, I do not care how many times, 1,226 or whatever it was in 7 
years, I do not care how many times you do it, but if you are 
not doing it for civil orders, then you are allowing people who 
have a removal order, who had due process because that is how 
you get it, that is how you get a removal order, you are 
allowing them to stay in the country. You are in violation of 
this law right here. You are. You are in violation of that law 
right there, and you have got to start realizing what your 
criminal culpability is on that, and that is really what we are 
talking about here.
    So, you do not think that is harboring, perhaps, but let us 
take a look at that next statute, please, that next Federal 
statute: ``In conducting investigations and hearings, 
immigration officers and administrative law judges shall have 
reasonable access to examine evidence of any person or entity 
being investigated.'' If you are holding someone back, even if 
it is under a civil warrant because that is what you said you 
are not going to participate in, and you are preventing access 
to that person or evidence, you are in violation of this. You 
have criminal culpability under this, and you will notice there 
is no mens rea requirement here. This is it. Every one of you 
is exposed to criminal culpability here. That is the reality of 
it.
    Let us do the next one: ``Any person who, knowing that a 
person is an alien, knowing or in reckless disregard,''--now 
you got a culpable mens rea here--``of the fact that an alien 
has come to, entered, or remains in the United States in 
violation of law, conceals, harbors, or shields from detection, 
or attempts to conceal, harbor, or shield from detection such 
alien in any place.'' You will notice it does not make 
distinction that all of you all want to make of criminal 
warrants versus civil. You are all in violation of all three of 
these statutes. You got criminal culpability. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Ms. Randall from Washington State.
    Ms. Randall. Thank you, Mr. Chair, and thank you to our 
witnesses for taking the time to be here today. You know, I 
represent the Northwest corner of the country, though I did 
happily live in Boston for 10 years, safely, and Washington 
State is proudly home to more than 1 million immigrants. We 
know in Washington that our communities, like yours, are 
stronger because of immigrants. We are fed because of 
immigrants. We are able to take public transportation because 
of the work of immigrants. We are able to work on building the 
affordable housing that we need because of immigrants. We 
receive quality healthcare because of immigrants. But this 
Administration, as we see over and over and over, is more 
concerned with deporting families than supporting families. 
Their actions are rooted in hatred and fear and deliberate 
misunderstanding. They say they want to lower costs, but what 
their actions show us is the opposite.
    Immigrants drive our economy, and this Administration's 
mass deportations have disrupted small businesses, wreaked 
havoc on our communities, all while families see their grocery 
bills continue to rise and worry about their health care being 
ripped away. My constituents are scared. They are writing to us 
that they are afraid to go out in public, send their kids to 
school, go to the grocery store without two other members of 
their family or their neighbors with them. There are dozens of 
families making emergency plans to make sure someone is legally 
designated to take care of their children if they are detained 
or deported, and in fact, our Governor had to create additional 
policy to ensure that kids are not left alone when their 
parents disappear.
    We have heard from beet farmers and wheat growers and 
florists, Christmas tree farms, grocers, and salal harvesters 
that their businesses cannot continue without the support of 
immigrants. We know that there is a huge economic impact to our 
families and our communities. And Mayor Adams, per your 
testimony in 2021 on immigrant New Yorkers, you stated that 
including those who are undocumented, immigrants in New York 
paid billions of dollars in taxes and contributed billions more 
in spending power to the New York economy. Is that true?
    Mr. Adams. Yes.
    Ms. Randall. Yes. Thank you. So, one can imagine if this 
Administration continues its mass deportation plans in cities 
across the country, including New York, it would have a 
significant impact on all our economies. Mr. Bier, can you 
speak to what the economic impacts of mass deportation would 
mean for the U.S. economy?
    Mr. Bier. Absolutely. It would be devastating. You are 
looking at an instant recession. If it was, you know, some 
magic wand you could wave to get rid of all these people like 
they want, that would be about a seven-percent drop in GDP. 
That is well into the trillions of dollars in lost production 
of goods and services that benefit Americans. And when you 
really think about it, when it comes to the cities, right, it 
is not equally distributed across the country. It is really 
these cities and some others that are going to be 
overwhelmingly impacted. So, those neighborhoods, you are 
looking at a death spiral of economic activity when you remove 
so much of the population. And of course, we talk about just 
the people who are undocumented, but their children, their 
spouses, all those people are going to be affected by mass 
deportation.
    Ms. Randall. Thank you so much. And, Mr. Chair, with 
unanimous consent, I would like to enter this New York Times 
article, ``Frustration Grows Inside the White House Over Pace 
of Deportations.''
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Randall. Thank you so much. And, you know, this 
Committee has been very interested in uncovering waste, fraud, 
and abuse, and I would like to draw our attention to the ASMR 
deportation flight that the Administration touted on their 
official social media channels. While previous deportation 
flights cost for about 101/2 hours, $47,000, this military 
flight that was commandeered from its mission of national 
security to take folks, who were in detention centers already, 
to a stopover in Guantanamo cost us $299,250 for the same 
flight. Folks in my community who are stationed at Joint Base 
Lewis-McChord are being diverted from their essential missions 
to go to Guantanamo to be layover stewardesses for this plan 
that is just for clicks. It is just to continue to stir up 
media. It is just to deliver on a promise that the President 
made and that he is worried that he will be accused of letting 
his base down if he does not carry out. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Ms. Mace from South 
Carolina.
    Ms. Mace. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. All of the mayors here 
today are actively working to harm the American people you 
represent. You all have blood on your hands. I am going to ask 
a series of yes or no questions today, and I would like to 
remind all of you, you are under oath. I only want a yes or no 
to my questions.
    My first question, do you acknowledge breaking into our 
country as a crime? Mayor Adams, yes or no, do you acknowledge 
breaking into our country as a crime?
    Mr. Adams. I acknowledge----
    Ms. Mace. Yes or no?
    Mr. Adams. I acknowledge----
    Ms. Mace. OK, Honorable Johnston. He is not going to answer 
the question. Yes or no, is breaking into our country against 
the law? Yes or no.
    Mr. Johnston. It depends on how you cross the border.
    Ms. Mace. OK.
    Mr. Johnston. Some----
    Ms. Mace. Mayor Johnson, yes or no?
    Mr. Johnston. Comprehensive immigration----
    Ms. Mace. OK, that is not an answer. Mayor Wu?
    Mr. Johnston [continuing]. Reform policies are what is 
necessary in this moment.
    Ms. Mace. Mayor Wu, do you have a better answer than these 
gentlemen before you? Yes or no.
    Ms. Wu. Yes.
    Ms. Mace. OK. Do you believe it is acceptable for illegals 
who commit heinous crimes be released back into the public 
instead of being detained and deported? Mayor Adams, yes or no.
    Mr. Adams. Anyone who breaks a crime should be detained----
    Ms. Mace. Yes or no? This is not hard. Yes or no.
    Mr. Adams. Anyone that break a crime should be detained.
    Ms. Mace. OK. Mayor, yes or no.
    Mr. Johnston. They should be deported.
    Ms. Mace. OK. Mayor?
    Mr. Johnson. Any individual that----
    Ms. Mace. Yes or no.
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. Causes harm----
    Ms. Mace. Yes or no.
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. And breaks the law----
    Ms. Mace. OK. Mayor Wu?
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. Should be held accountable.
    Ms. Mace. This is why you have a six-percent approval 
rating because you suck at answering questions. Mayor Wu, yes 
or no.
    Ms. Wu. Anyone who is a public safety threat should be 
prosecuted.
    Ms. Mace. All right. I have my next question. When an 
illegal alien rapes a woman, do you believe you are on the 
right side of history? Mayor Adams, yes or no.
    Mr. Adams. Say that question again.
    Ms. Mace. OK. Mayor Johnston, when an illegal alien rapes a 
woman, do you believe you are on the right side of history? Yes 
or no.
    Mr. Johnston. I will charge and prosecute them.
    Ms. Mace. Yes or no. OK. You said you would go to jail, 
didn't you?
    Mr. Johnston. I will charge and prosecute everyone who is--
--
    Ms. Mace. For harboring illegal aliens or something. Mayor 
Johnson?
    Mr. Johnson. Could you repeat your question, please?
    Ms. Mace. When an illegal alien rapes a woman, do you 
believe you are on the right side of history?
    Mr. Johnson. Could you clarify that question?
    Ms. Mace. OK. Mayor Wu, yes or no.
    Ms. Wu. No. Rape is obviously horrible.
    Ms. Mace. Then why are you letting rapists back out onto 
the streets of Boston?
    Ms. Wu. That is not true.
    Ms. Mace. OK.
    Ms. Wu. That is not what is happening in Boston.
    Ms. Mace. When an illegal alien molests a kid, molests an 
underage kid, do you pat yourself on the back for being 
compassionate? Mayor Adams?
    Mr. Adams. It is despicable, and he should be arrested.
    Ms. Mace. Mayor Johnston?
    Mr. Johnston. I prosecute folks that commit crimes like 
that.
    Ms. Mace. You guys let them out on the streets. Mayor 
Johnson?
    Mr. Johnson. We arrest violent criminals in the city of 
Chicago.
    Ms. Mace. Mayor Wu?
    Ms. Wu. We investigate, arrest, and prosecute.
    Ms. Mace. You guys do not sound very confident today. Would 
your city honor an ICE detainer on an illegal alien who rapes 
kids if one was issued today? Mayor Adams, yes or no.
    Mr. Adams. In conformance with law, we will honor 
detainers.
    Ms. Mace. Mayor Johnston?
    Mr. Johnston. If there is a criminal warrant, we will help 
them pick them up. If there is no criminal warrant, we will 
honor a notification request.
    Ms. Mace. Mayor Johnson?
    Mr. Johnson. Criminal warrants, we always cooperate with 
Federal agents with a criminal warrant.
    Ms. Mace. Mayor Wu?
    Ms. Wu. Get a criminal warrant, we will enforce.
    Ms. Mace. A criminal warrant. I am talking about an ICE 
detainer on an individual who is here illegal who rapes kids. 
Do you all hate Donald Trump more than you love your country? 
Mayor Adams?
    Mr. Adams. I respect my President. I respect my country.
    Ms. Mace. Yes or no?
    Mr. Adams. And I respect------
    Ms. Mace. You are having the hardest time today. Mayor 
Johnston?
    Mr. Johnston. I love my country.
    Ms. Mace. Yes or no?
    Mr. Johnston. I love my country.
    Ms. Mace. OK. Mayor Johnson?
    Mr. Johnson. As a son of a pastor, I love everyone and this 
country.
    Ms. Mace. Mayor Wu?
    Ms. Wu. I love my country and my city.
    Ms. Mace. Are you all willing to go to jail for violating 
Federal law? Mayor Adams?
    Mr. Adams. I am not going to violate Federal law, so I do 
not have to worry about that.
    Ms. Mace. Mayor Johnston?
    Mr. Johnston. We do not violate Federal law either.
    Ms. Mace. You do not violate Federal law?
    Mr. Johnston. We do not violate Federal law.
    Ms. Mace. Is it violating Federal law if you do not honor 
detainer requests from ICE?
    Mr. Johnston. Absolutely not. In fact, the statute 
Congressman Biggs shared, we explicitly follow. The statute 
says you cannot prohibit city employees from sharing 
information about someone's status with the government. We do 
not prohibit that.
    Ms. Mace. Do you love illegal aliens more than you love 
your fellow countrymen?
    Mr. Johnston. I love all the residents of the city and 
county.
    Ms. Mace. Mayor Johnson, are you willing to go to jail for 
violating Federal law?
    Mr. Johnson. The city of Chicago complies with all laws.
    Ms. Mace. Oh, I highly doubt that. Mayor Wu?
    Ms. Wu. We are not violating Federal law.
    Ms. Mace. Mayor Wu, I have a last couple of questions for 
you. Do you believe that ICE arresting a child rapist 
``threatens everyone's safety?'' Yes or no.
    Ms. Wu. No.
    Ms. Mace. Does ICE arresting a murderous MS-13 gang member 
threaten everyone's safety? Yes or no.
    Ms. Wu. No.
    [Poster]
    Ms. Mace. I would like to hold up this quote of you where 
you say, ``ICE's efforts actually threaten the safety of 
everyone.'' Boston Mayor Michelle Wu. You are a hypocrite. 
Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Mr. Subramanyam.
    Ms. Pressley. Mr. Chairman, I have a unanimous consent 
request. Mr. Chairman, I have a unanimous consent request.
    Chairman Comer. Proceed.
    Ms. Pressley. I would like to seek unanimous consent to 
enter into the record this article, and I will do this as a 
survivor of sexual violence myself. This is from Courts, March 
2018----
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Pressley [continuing]. Data from Texas shows that U.S.-
born----
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered. We have put 
it in the record.
    Ms. Pressley. But I have not entered it.
    Chairman Comer. You have what?
    Ms. Pressley. Mr. Chair, I have several articles, I need to 
enter them. Let me just go ahead with what the articles are, 
what they speak to.
    Chairman Comer. What is the next article?
    Ms. Pressley. Let me proceed. Data from Texas shows that 
U.S. born Americans----
    Chairman Comer. No, no, that is not----
    Ms. Pressley [continuing]. Commit more rape----
    Chairman Comer. Ms. Pressley, I----
    Ms. Pressley [continuing]. And murder than immigrants.
    Chairman Comer. Listen, this trend of----
    Ms. Pressley. Data from Texas shows that U.S.-born 
Americans commit more rape----
    Chairman Comer [continuing]. You all trying to get thrown 
out of committees so you can get on MSNBC is going to end. We 
are not going to put up with it. The Chair recognizes Mr. 
Subramanyam.
    Ms. Pressley. This is my procedural right as a Member of 
this Committee----
    Chairman Comer. You can go----
    Ms. Pressley [continuing]. To enter documents into the 
record.
    Chairman Comer. You can go with Mr. Frost and Mr. Green.
    Ms. Pressley. I am reclaiming my time.
    Chairman Comer. That is what you want.
    Ms. Pressley. You do not get to----
    Chairman Comer. No, no. Ms. Pressley.
    Ms. Pressley [continuing]. How I recite the articles for 
the record.
    Chairman Comer. Ms. Pressley, I have been very 
accommodating to you. Mr. Subramanyam. Start the clock. Start 
the clock. No, I do not----
    Ms. Pressley. And I take particular umbrage as a survivor 
of sexual violence. I will enter into the record.
    Chairman Comer. Order, order.
    Ms. Pressley. This is my right. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. No, no. It is Mr. Subramanyam's time.
    Ms. Pressley. Mr. Chair.
    Chairman Comer. No, you know the process of unanimous 
consent. You are not recognized.
    Ms. Pressley. I have several articles to enter into the 
record.
    Chairman Comer. Mr. Subramanyam, if you do not go, we are 
going to recognize Mr. Timmons.
    Mr. Subramanyam. Thank you, Mr. Chair. I just wanted to 
bring up a bill that is going to be before the Floor, H.R. 32, 
a bill that would basically take away Federal grants if the 
Administration thinks you are a ``sanctuary city,'' which, by 
the way, is not even very well defined. I am not even sure from 
reading the bill whether your cities are even sanctuary cities 
to begin with. I think that is why that question may have been 
difficult for you to answer.
    But I think what is been very interesting to hear is how 
well you have been able to integrate and welcome immigrants 
into your communities, into your city's economies, and making 
the best out of a difficult situation. I find that very 
impressive. But I wonder, to the mayors here, you know, Mr. 
Johnston, if you took away Federal grants, how would that 
affect public safety of your city? Would that make your city 
more safe or less safe, if we took away Federal grants from 
your city?
    Mr. Johnston. It would dramatically weaken public safety. I 
mean, we would not be able to repair bridges that are falling 
apart. It means we would not be able to put kids in preschool 
or give veterans medical care. It would be catastrophic.
    Mr. Subramanyam. Thank you. Mayor Johnson, the same 
question.
    Mr. Johnson. It would certainly undermine all of the 
investments that we have made thus far. Since I have been 
mayor, we have, you know----
    Mr. Subramanyam. Public safety.
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. Provided $20 billion of new 
investments that contribute to the overall safety of the city 
of Chicago.
    Mr. Subramanyam. Yes. Mayor Wu, same question. Would this 
make your city of Boston more safe or less safe?
    Ms. Wu. Withdrawing Federal funds would make us less safe. 
Education makes us more safe, housing makes us more safe, and 
we rely on those funds.
    Mr. Subramanyam. Let us take Mayor Johnston. How did many 
of the immigrants come to your city? You mentioned they came 
from Texas. Is that right?
    Mr. Johnston. That is correct, Congressman. They came on 
buses sent from Texas, mostly from El Paso.
    Mr. Subramanyam. I feel like we have the wrong people in 
the room today. We have mayors of cities that are trying to do 
their best with the situation that they have, and then we have 
Governors in Texas and Florida who are busing folks up to your 
cities. And so, you are trying to make the best out of this 
situation, but somehow, they are trying to make our immigration 
system worse, in essence, because they are taking the folks 
that come over to their states and they are spreading them 
across the country, and you are just trying to deal with that 
situation. Would you characterize it as that, Mayor Johnston?
    Mr. Johnston. Yes, sir. We are just trying to manage the 
crisis in front of us, which is families being dropped off on 
our city streets in the winter with no clothes. Our calling is 
to make sure they are safe.
    Mr. Subramanyam. And how would the Trump Administration's 
funding freezes and cuts, would they undermine public safety in 
your city, Mayor Johnston?
    Mr. Johnston. They could dramatically undermine public 
safety in our city, everything----
    Mr. Subramanyam. Mayor Johnson, same question.
    Mr. Johnson. It certainly will undermine community safety 
if----
    Mr. Subramanyam. Mayor Wu, same question.
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. The Federal Government undermines 
the investments in people of Chicago.
    Ms. Wu. It would undermine our safety, too.
    Mr. Subramanyam. So, we are trying to make your cities more 
safe, but there is a bill here in the name of making your 
cities more safe actually makes your cities less safe. Would 
you agree with that, Mayor Johnston?
    Mr. Johnston. Yes, sir, I would.
    Mr. Subramanyam. Mayor Johnson, same question.
    Mr. Johnson. Yes.
    Mr. Subramanyam. Mayor Wu, same question.
    Ms. Wu. Yes.
    Mr. Subramanyam. And I think this bill is actually, in a 
way, extortion because you are basically trying to take away 
funding from a city if they do not do what the Administration 
wants you to do, but, you know, let us talk about extortion for 
a minute. Mayor Adams, I think everyone's a little bit 
concerned about the timeline of events that has led to your 
case being dropped, and so Mayor Adams, did you meet with Tom 
Homan on December 12 of last year?
    Mr. Adams. Yes, I did.
    Mr. Subramanyam. Did President Trump say publicly that he 
considered pardoning you 4 days after that meeting? Yes or no.
    Mr. Adams. I do not recall what the President said in 
regard to that meeting.
    Mr. Subramanyam. Well, he did. In January, did you meet 
with President Trump at Mar-a-Lago? Yes or no.
    Mr. Adams. Yes, I did.
    Mr. Subramanyam. In this meeting, did you talk about 
immigration enforcement with the President?
    Mr. Adams. We talked about immigration in general.
    Mr. Subramanyam. What did you talk about when it comes to 
immigration?
    Mr. Adams. Just how important it is to secure the border, 
and they were able to do so. We saw a 90-percent decrease, and 
I see that on my streets every day.
    Mr. Subramanyam. Did you talk about your pending case with 
the DOJ?
    Mr. Adams. No, I did not.
    Mr. Subramanyam. So, the case did not come up. Have you 
ever talked about your case with the DOJ with the President?
    Mr. Adams. No more than what you heard him on the trail say 
that he thought it was important.
    Mr. Subramanyam. I have not heard much. Tell me, have you 
ever talked about your case in the DOJ with the President?
    Mr. Adams. As I indicated previously, I am going to say it 
again, this case is in front of Judge Ho, and out of deference 
to him, he is a----
    Mr. Subramanyam. Have you ever talked about your case with 
anyone in the Trump Administration?
    Mr. Adams. I am going to say this again. This case is in 
front of Judge Ho, and out of deference to Judge Ho, he is 
going to determine the outcome of this case.
    Mr. Subramanyam. That is not answering the question. I am 
going to ask you one more time. Have you ever talked about this 
case with anyone in the Trump Administration?
    Mr. Adams. This case is in front of Judge Ho, and out of 
deference to Judge Ho, Judge Ho is going to decide the outcome 
of this case.
    Mr. Subramanyam. I think Mayor Adams is not answering the 
question because he probably has, and I think there is a pretty 
clear timeline here that indicates that a case is being dropped 
in the name of trying to appease the President, who seems to be 
OK with what is going on. Look, we can talk about the policy, 
but I think there is a bigger problem here of public extortion 
and almost an endorsement of this extortion, and it is becoming 
the norm for this Administration. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. Chair recognizes Mr. Timmons from South 
Carolina.
    Ms. Stansbury. Mr. Chairman, before you do, I have a 
unanimous consent request, please.
    Chairman Comer. Ms. Stansbury, you are recognized.
    Ms. Stansbury. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I have four 
articles I would like to enter into the record, titled: ``The 
Mythical Tie Between Immigration and Crime,'' ``Undocumented 
Immigrants Half as Likely to Be Arrested for Violent Crimes,'' 
Immigrants Significantly Less Likely to Commit Crimes,'' and 
one titled, ``Showing Data About U.S.-Born Citizens More Likely 
to Commit Murder.'' And, Mr. Chairman, I do ask that you do 
respect my colleagues' on this side of the aisle parliamentary 
rights with regard to UCs.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Your unanimous consents are put into the record, and only 
titles are required, and once you start filibustering, you 
become out of order.
    Ms. Stansbury. I am not filibustering.
    Chairman Comer. I am just saying the last----
    Ms. Stansbury. I am asking that you----
    Chairman Comer [continuing]. Member on your side was 
filibustering.
    Ms. Stansbury. She was not. She has more articles to enter.
    Chairman Comer. Yes, she was.
    Mr. Timmons. And now you are filibustering.
    Ms. Stansbury. Mr. Chairman? Mr. Chairman?
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Mr. Timmons from South 
Carolina.
    Mr. Timmons. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I just want to speak 
directly to all four of the mayors. You all did the best you 
could with bad situations. You did. The former President let 
in--I do not even know what number to use--some places use 8 
million, some people use 16, 20, whatever the number is. And 
so, each of you had an influx of illegal immigrants into your 
cities, and you have Federal, state, and local statutes that 
you have to deal with and an untenable situation was created. I 
want to go one by one. Mayor Adams, how many illegal immigrants 
were present in New York City in the last 4 years? How many 
people did you have to deal with?
    Mr. Adams. Two hundred thirty thousand.
    Mr. Timmons. All right. And that is 230,000 people that 
were using your limited resources that American citizens are 
entitled to, but you were actually required, under local 
ordinance or under state law, to provide services to them. They 
are not supposed to be here. They are not supposed to be here 
because we have borders. Borders are supposed to matter. Mayor 
Johnston, how many illegal immigrants did you have to deal with 
over the last 4 years?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, sir. We had 42,000 newcomers 
arrive over the last----
    Mr. Timmons. Forty-two thousand? Mayor Johnson, how many 
illegal immigrants did you have to deal with over the last 4 
years?
    Mr. Johnson. Over the last 4 years, there were roughly 
50,000 asylum seekers bussed from the state of Texas to the 
city of Chicago.
    Mr. Timmons. And you know why that Texas did that? Because 
10, 12, 15 million people were in Texas and they had to deal 
with the same problem you did, and they thought it was 
appropriate that everyone should have to share this burden. 
Mayor Wu, how many did Boston have over the last 4 years?
    Ms. Wu. We do not ask about immigration status in giving 
state services----
    Mr. Timmons. How many people----
    Ms. Wu [continuing]. So, I do not have that number.
    Mr. Timmons. OK. Well, we will say at least tens of 
thousands. So, all of you have limited resources, limited tax 
dollars to spend to serve your community, and there are people 
that have a disproportionate need, and you have obligations to 
serve them more if they are struggling, if they do not have 
income, if they are jobless. So, you have limited resources, 
and all of you had this problem. And we have been saying for 
the last 4 years that this is all because Joe Biden and his 
policies were allowing lawlessness at our Southern border, 
which allowed millions of people into this country. Mayor 
Johnston, did you say anything to the Biden Administration? Did 
you say we are struggling, we cannot make ends meet, we cannot 
serve our citizens because of your open Southern border. Did 
you, Mayor Johnston?
    Mr. Johnston. Yes, Congressman. I did reach out to the 
Biden Administration about that.
    Mr. Timmons. Did you publicly address this? Did you ever 
challenge them and say this is ridiculous, secure the Southern 
border?
    Mr. Johnston. What we focused on, sir, was the biggest 
challenge we were facing was folks needed the right to work. 
They came to our city----
    Mr. Timmons. I could not find anything where you told the 
Biden Administration they are wrong for their border policy. 
Mayor Johnson, did you publicly attack President Biden in the 
last 4 years because he let millions of people into this 
country and it hurt your constituents? Did you publicly attack 
him for his policies?
    Mr. Johnson. So, I publicly called for----
    Mr. Timmons. Did you say secure the damn border? No, you 
did not.
    Mr. Johnson. I publicly called for Congress to pass 
comprehensive immigration reform.
    Mr. Timmons. OK. We will get to that in a second.
    Mr. Johnson. And that did not happen.
    Mr. Timmons. Did you ever publicly attack the open-border 
policies of the previous Administration?
    Ms. Wu. Congressman, in fact, we hosted the former 
Secretary of DHS in Boston so that he could see the impact----
    Mr. Timmons. To talk about how we need legislation, I am 
sure. Mayor Adams, did you ever publicly attack President Biden 
for his open border policy?
    Mr. Adams. Yes, in addition to having $7 billion out of our 
taxpayers.
    Mr. Timmons. Did you see what his Administration did to 
political opponents? Did you see what they did to President 
Trump? I mean, I guess you are standing up for your people. I 
admire that. For the last 4 years, I heard how Congress needed 
to spend tens of billions of dollars to secure the Southern 
border. We had to change policies. We had to do all this 
nonsense. We did not need to do any of that. We just needed a 
new President. Last month we had the lowest number of border 
crossings in decades, and I can promise you this, that is going 
to continue because our President has always had the ability to 
stop this, and the only one of you that stood up to the 
previous Administration was under investigation shortly 
thereafter. Weird how that happens.
    We are turning the page here. Going forward, each of you 
need to cooperate, to the fullest extent of your ability, with 
President Trump, with ICE, with all Federal laws to make sure 
that you can secure your people and stop spending billions of 
taxpayer dollars on people that do not deserve it. Your 
constituents deserve those resources, not the people that enter 
this country illegally. With that, Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Ms. Ansari from Arizona.
    Ms. Ansari. Thank you, Mr. Chair. President Trump has 
talked a big game about how he wants to allegedly make our 
cities and communities safer. He says he wants to get violent 
criminals off the streets, and he thinks that mass deportations 
are the way to do it. He sent ICE and Border Patrol agents 
after our Native-American communities, parents and children and 
law-abiding American citizens who are targeted simply because 
of the color of their skin or the language that they are 
speaking. The chaos and the fear that this has instilled pits 
neighbor against neighbor, creates more distrust in law 
enforcement, and puts us all in danger. Mayor Wu, first of all, 
congratulations on your baby. What have you been hearing from 
communities in Boston? Are people fearful of engaging with law 
enforcement?
    Ms. Wu. In Boston, because our laws are what they are, we 
have very strong relationships with our community, and that is 
why we have been able to continue making progress on being the 
safest major city in the Nation. But we do hear that people are 
afraid of the Federal Government, and it is including people 
who are immigrants, but also U.S. citizens. That fear is 
widespread.
    Ms. Ansari. Thank you. Perhaps most disturbing, President 
Trump has diverted critical Homeland Security Investigation 
agents to work on immigration enforcement. That means they are 
no longer investigating violent crimes like human trafficking, 
child pornography, and the flow of fentanyl in our communities, 
putting our entire country at greater risk. That means fewer 
violent criminals, pedophiles, and drug runners being 
apprehended, not more. Once again, Republicans are making life 
easier for criminals at the expense of victims, actually making 
our communities less safe. Mr. Bier, question for you, what 
effect do you think that assigning DHS agents to deportations 
is going to have on public safety?
    Mr. Bier. Well, it has an extremely negative effect, and it 
is not just limited to DHS. He is pulling in FBI, ATF, DEA. 
They are all being diverted off their primary missions to crack 
down on criminal gangs and criminal organizations in the United 
States, so it is not just DHS. It is every criminal agency in 
the U.S. Government is being diverted to mass deportation right 
now.
    Ms. Ansari. The Phoenix police chief has stated, ``We work 
with our Federal partners all the time to work on criminal 
issues, not civil immigration issues. That will continue to be 
the stance of the Phoenix Police Department.'' I can tell you, 
during my time on the Phoenix City Council, I served on the 
Public Safety and Justice Subcommittee. I heard constantly from 
our police force that they are understaffed and need to focus 
their resources on violent crime. But President Trump has also 
tried to force municipalities to divert their law enforcement 
personnel to aid the mass deportations. Diverting city police 
to deportations would mean that our officers are spending less 
time investigating murders, rapes, and robberies.
    Now I want to shift to the economy. Mayor Wu, would you 
agree that local leaders and public safety officials who hear 
directly from constituents about public safety know better what 
your city needs to focus on than the White House does? And 
also, are you worried about ICE raids and the impact that it 
will have for businesses and economic prosperity?
    Ms. Wu. Yes, our local community knows best, and we can 
tell you, in Boston, over our history, it has not been the word 
of Presidents or kings or Presidents who think they are kings 
that set what happens. It is our residents.
    Ms. Ansari. And, Mr. Bier, can you tell us more on what the 
economic impacts, like food prices and housing costs, of mass 
deportations would be and how this could affect a city like 
Phoenix?
    Mr. Bier. About half the cost of the fruits and vegetables 
in your grocery store is coming from the labor of immigrants 
and other workers at our farms, so it is an extremely important 
component of our agricultural production in the United States. 
If you look at where these people have gone, they have gone 
into the sectors where there is no work visa. There is no legal 
immigration option for employers to hire in these sectors. That 
is why we had so many people come because of the labor needs of 
the United States.
    Ms. Ansari. Thank you so much. I truly want to thank the 
mayors for being here and taking on these ridiculous attacks on 
our local officials. You know what is best for your communities 
and the people that you represent. You know better than Donald 
Trump. You know better than Tom Homan. You know better than 
Stephen Miller. So, thank you so much.
    And finally, I would like to request unanimous consent to 
enter into the record, first, a report published by the 
American Immigration Council titled, ``Mass Deportation: 
Devastating Costs to America, Its Budget and Economy;'' and 
second, a Center for American Progress report titled, ``Trump's 
Rash Immigration Actions Place Cruelty and Spectacle Above 
Security.''
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Ansari. Thank you. I yield back to the Ranking Member.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Mr. Donalds from 
Florida.
    Mr. Donalds. Thank you, Chairman. This is my third term on 
the Oversight Committee. We have been talking about illegal 
immigration and oversight the entire time. I remember we had a 
group of this Committee that went down to the El Paso section 
of the border. This was back in February-March 2021. And during 
that time period, we were at one of the holding centers, and 
there were these busses that were coming to the detention 
facility, and they were picking up 30 kids, 50 kids, at random, 
walking out of the facility. And when I went over to question 
the bus driver that was transporting these kids, border agents 
told me, as a Member of Congress, that you are not allowed to 
question the bus driver, and of course, people knowing me, I 
did not take no for an answer, and I repeated the question, and 
I was told that this bus of children was leaving El Paso and 
going to San Diego.
    And so, what was occurring under the Biden Administration 
is that they were bussing unaccompanied minors all across the 
United States for one reason and one reason only, and that was 
because they did not want the press to see the pictures of kids 
in cages. They did not want to see our borders being overrun. 
They wanted to disperse that problem all through the United 
States. That is the reckless history of illegal immigration 
under Joe Biden and the Democrat Party. Mayor Johnston of 
Denver.
    Mr. Johnston. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Donalds. You lamented earlier that there were 10 to 11 
busses coming per day to your city. Did you ever talk to Joe 
Biden about why this was happening to your community?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Congressman. I both reached out to 
Governor Abbott from Texas. He did not respond, and I did----
    Mr. Donalds. Why would you reach out to Governor Abbott of 
Texas when it is Joe Biden, the former Commander in Chief, that 
opened up our borders? Why did you not talk to him?
    Mr. Johnston. Well, our busses directly were being sent 
from Governor Abbott in Texas, so that was why we reached out 
to say we are happy to collaborate on a coordinated entry 
system. We understand no one state or no one city should bear 
the entire brunt of this, but let us collaborate. But I did----
    Mr. Donalds. So, I am glad you said that because that 
brings me to my next point. Governor Abbott and Governor 
DeSantis, when they started moving illegal aliens out of their 
states, who were bearing the brunt of what Joe Biden and Kamala 
Harris were doing, and they had sent them to Denver, they sent 
them to Chicago, they sent them to New York, they sent them to 
Martha's Vineyard, the reason why they did that is because you 
four could hide behind the realities of illegal immigration on 
border towns all through our country and on cities and states 
who did not want to see illegal immigration, but did not have 
the political representation to go to the White House. And only 
when it showed up on your doorstep, did you get upset.
    Mayor Johnston, coming back to you. How much did your city 
spend on illegal immigration? Do you have a round number?
    Mr. Johnston. Over the last couple years on all newcomers, 
whatever their status was, it is around $79 million since 2022.
    Mr. Donalds. Seventy-nine million dollars. Mayor Johnson, 
Chicago, how much has the city of Chicago spent on illegal 
immigration?
    Mr. Johnson. If you are referring to the 2022 up to 2024 of 
the busses coming from Texas, roughly the same percentage of 
the state of Texas, about 1 percent of our overall budget.
    Mr. Donalds. What is that, because we do not have the 
city's budget in front of me. Numbers?
    Mr. Johnson. It is one percent, and if you want the actual 
calculation, we can make sure someone----
    Mr. Donalds. You are the mayor. You do not have the math in 
front of you?
    Mr. Johnson. It is one percent of the overall budget over 
the last year 4 years----
    Mr. Donalds. All right. That is why you are failing, Mayor.
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. Which is the same number that was 
sent from us from the state of Texas.
    Mr. Donalds. Mayor Adams, how much did the city of New York 
actually spend on legal immigration? Mayor Johnson, I already 
asked you. You do not have a hard number, and if you do not 
have a hard number, you are not running your city well. Mayor 
Adams, how much did the city of New York actually spend on 
illegal immigration?
    Mr. Adams. Six-point-nine billion dollars of taxpayers' 
dollars.
    Mr. Donalds. Six-point-nine billion dollars of taxpayer 
money on a problem that was fostered on the American people. 
Mayor Wu, in the city of Boston, how much did you spend?
    Ms. Wu. We do not ask about immigration status in 
delivering citizens services, so we do not have that number.
    Mr. Donalds. You do not ask about how much money the city 
of Boston has spent on illegal immigration? Are you out of your 
mind?
    Ms. Wu. We do not distinguish between immigration status--
--
    Mr. Donalds. Do you manage your budget or not, Mayor Wu?
    Ms. Wu [continuing]. As part of our city policies. That is 
how we keep our city safe.
    Mr. Donalds. Mayor Wu, do you manage your budget or not?
    Ms. Wu. We have the numbers to prove it. I manage my 
budget. I have a AAA bond rating dating back 10 years, city of 
Boston budget.
    Mr. Donalds. So, to the city of Boston, just understand 
that your mayor does not care how much of your resources she 
has spent on people who are not citizens of the city of Boston.
    Ms. Wu. The city of Boston is sick of having people outside 
Boston telling us----
    Mr. Donald. I am reclaiming my time. Mr. Bier, I have a 
question for you because I understand Cato's perspective when 
it comes to illegal immigration. I understand that the Cato 
Institute for a long time has had a standard of actually having 
open immigration into the United States, generally speaking. I 
do not want to get into specifics.
    Mr. Bier. We support legal immigration. We want immigration 
to be legal.
    Mr. Donald. So, let me ask you this question because one of 
the great libertarians of the modern era, Milton Friedman, 
famously said, ``You can either have open borders or a welfare 
state, but you have to choose''. Mr. Bier, what do you choose?
    Mr. Bier. Milton Friedman said he wanted to allow illegal 
immigration to continue. I disagree with Milton Friedman's 
position on that. We should have legal immigration and build a 
wall around the welfare state, not around the country. That is 
in the best interest of taxpayers.
    Mr. Donalds. And I would argue that under the current 
system where you have sanctuary cities popping up, it is not 
possible to build that wall, so America has to choose.
    Mr. Bier. You can. Absolutely, we can.
    Mr. Donalds. Mr. Bier, you are done. America has to choose 
between securing our Nation or protecting the taxpayer. I 
choose secure the Nation. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Mr. Bell from Missouri.
    Mr. Bell. Thank you, Mr. Chair. In the 1980s, there was the 
war on drugs that did not go so well. We essentially created 
classes of criminals for people, citizens who just needed help, 
and I will not recount that entire history, but I do not think 
that we realize the error of our ways until it impacted more 
affluent communities, particularly with the opioid epidemic. 
And so now, Republicans have begun a new campaign, a war on 
immigrants. And while Republicans and Democrats both recognize 
the need to strengthen our borders instead of sitting down and 
actually fixing the border situation, as has been alluded to, 
or actually we did that, but then after supporting it, 
Republicans voted against it after their boss told them not to, 
which really would have been a win for the American people.
    So, as a former prosecutor, I recognize policing and 
community relationships go hand-in-hand. You have to have them 
in order to be effective with law enforcement and to get bad 
people off the streets who are not going to commit a crime in 
front of a police officer. Oftentimes, it is our people in our 
communities who can help get those people off the street by 
sharing and cooperating with law enforcement, but that starts 
with trust. And understanding, as a former prosecutor, limited 
resources, we have to be considerate of how we utilize those 
resources. And so, my first question, Mr. Bier, and I am going 
to go quick because I want to try to get to you all, why will 
requiring a local police department to honor extrajudicial ICE 
detainers or risk losing Federal funding make our cities less 
safe?
    Mr. Bier. Well, you are taking resources away from whatever 
the higher priority is. So, if you are talking about carrying 
out mass deportation and having state and local police detain 
people who are not public safety threats, then you are talking 
about in New York City, they are spending $1,500 a day on a 
bed. So, that is $1,500 taken away from other public safety 
priorities.
    Mr. Bell. And, Mayor Wu, and congratulations again as well.
    Ms. Wu. Thank you.
    Mr. Bell. And first, you are welcome, for St. Louis, born 
and bred, Jayson Tatum, you are welcome.
    Ms. Wu. Thank you. Thank you.
    Mr. Bell. Why is it in Boston's best interest to make sure 
people who are experiencing domestic violence or victims of 
violent crime feel comfortable coming forward to law 
enforcement with the knowledge that local police are not 
reporting them to ICE?
    Ms. Wu. We need those who have information, we need those 
who are victims and survivors of crime to know that they can 
come forward and get the help that they need, and when that 
happens, we keep everyone safer.
    Mr. Bell. Absolutely. And many law enforcement agencies 
have articulated that their primary responsibility is to keep 
communities safe by focusing on violent crime and public safety 
threats. However, deputizing requires officers to take on 
Federal immigration duties, diverting resources and personnel 
from their core mission. So, when cities use their discretion, 
and, Mr. Bier, this is a quick question for you, do you believe 
that this additional burden makes communities safer, or does it 
risk overextending local departments at the expense of 
addressing serious crimes?
    Mr. Bier. I think states are best positioned to answer that 
question. It certainly can, if you are imposing a mandate that 
is distracting from their public safety mission. And it is 
interesting to note that the Majority's bill on this, H.R. 32, 
has an exception written in there for witnesses and victims of 
crimes, if you do not report them, it is OK under that bill, 
except no one is walking around with a victim or witness badge 
on them.
    Mr. Bell. And I have got a----
    Mr. Bier. So, when a police shows up and responds to a 
call, they do not know who is a witness or victim. So, the idea 
that, you know, you can just cordon that off and put that to 
the side, does not hold up.
    Mr. Bell. I appreciate that. I am just short on time. And, 
Mayor Johnson, I have two quick questions for you, and you can 
give them the weight that you decide to give them. First, who 
has more World Championships, the Cardinals or the Clubs? Mayor 
Adams, I do not want you in on that one. Can you tell us about 
the ways in which Chicago cooperates with Federal law 
enforcement?
    Mr. Johnson. Yes. Thank you for that question. Violent 
crime in the city of Chicago is down. It continues to go down 
on my leadership because of our investments, having trust 
between community and police. Local police has attributed to 
that, and our local police department allies and cooperates 
with Federal agents around human trafficking, drug trafficking, 
getting guns off the street, getting gangs off the streets of 
the city of Chicago, and it has worked. And the first Black 
First Lady in the history of Chicago is a Cardinals' fan. Shout 
out to Hazelwood East.
    Mr. Bell. Hey, that is my school. Thank you. I yield back 
to the Ranking Member.
    Mr. Adams. And it is the Yankees.
    Mr. Bell. No questions for you, Mr. Adams.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair now recognizes Mrs. Luna from 
Florida.
    Mrs. Luna. Mayor Wu, does the Boston Trust Act restrict 
communication with Federal immigration authorities regarding 
individuals' immigration status. Yes or no.
    Ms. Wu. We do not collect immigration status in law 
enforcement.
    Mrs. Luna. I just like to point out, and, Mr. Chairman, if 
I could enter the Boston Trust Act into the record. Mr. 
Chairman?
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Mrs. Luna. Thank you. Let us see, Section 4(A)(a), ``A law 
enforcement official and employment of the city department, 
agency, or commission shall not,'' and then, ``(a) inquire of 
an individual on his or her immigration status.'' Under Title 8 
U.S. Code, Subsection 1373 stipulates that local governments 
cannot prohibit or restrict communication with Federal 
immigration authorities regarding individuals' immigration 
status. So, your enforcement of this act is in direct violation 
of that statute. Can you please confirm?
    Ms. Wu. That is not the truth.
    Mrs. Luna. Thank you, ma'am. That is the U.S. Code. I do 
not know about you, but U.S. Code does not lie. Mayor 
Johnston----
    Ms. Wu. We do not ask about immigration status, and that is 
what makes us the safest city.
    Mrs. Luna. I am not talking to you anymore. Next question, 
Mayor Johnston, you said in your testimony that the first step 
you took after illegal aliens arrived was to provide them with 
housing. Is that correct? Yes or no.
    Mr. Johnston. Folks that were on the streets freezing to 
death, we gave access to shelter? Yes, we did.
    Mrs. Luna. Thank you. Not to be rude here, but you have a 
good understanding of what the definition of ``harboring'' is, 
correct?
    Mr. Johnston. I do.
    Mrs. Luna. OK. For those that might not, ``harboring'' 
means to knowingly or recklessly provide shelter or place to 
stay for an illegal alien, and according to Title 8 of U.S. 
Code, Subsection 1324, that is also a Federal crime. Just to be 
clear, did you also say that you would be willing to go to jail 
to stop deportation efforts?
    Mr. Johnston. I did say that I would be willing to stand up 
for all of our residents, and the context was that was the 
point at which the Administration was threatening to deploy the 
U.S. military to streets of our cities to pull kids out of 
schools and churches.
    Mrs. Luna. OK. Thank you.
    Mr. Johnston. So, we were worried about that.
    Mrs. Luna. Thank you, Mr. Johnston. Mr. Chairman, I would 
like to enter into the record an article from CBS.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Mrs. Luna. Thank you. In this it says, ``Johnston said 
earlier this week that he is willing to use civil disobedience, 
and if necessary, going to jail to stop deportations.'' My 
final question would be for you, Mayor Johnson, do you believe 
that Chicago's Welcoming City ordinance encourages illegal 
aliens to enter the United States, specifically into Chicago. 
Yes or no.
    Mr. Johnson. No.
    Mrs. Luna. OK. So, you do not believe that banning the 
transfer of individuals into ICE custody for the purpose of 
civil immigration enforcement encourages illegal immigration 
into Chicago, or how about agencies--sorry, 1 second--or agents 
not being able to stop, arrest, or detain individuals based 
solely on their immigration status or administrative warrants?
    Mr. Johnson. So, we comply with all laws, local, state and 
Federal.
    Mrs. Luna. To me, after this line of questioning, it is 
very clear that these policies that you have all implicated are 
active and alive and well in your cities, are in direct 
violation with U.S. Title 8 Code Subsection 1324 and is a 
Federal offense. You all speak about a broken immigration 
system, and yet here you guys are aiding and abetting in that 
entire process. I want to be very clear about something. Open 
border policies, which is something that you guys are talking 
about, hurts people on both sides, meaning the people that are 
coming here illegally and then American citizens as well. I do 
not think you guys are bad people, but I think that you are 
ideologically misled, which is why, unfortunately, based on 
your responses, I am all going to be criminally referring you 
to the Department of Justice for investigation. And as soon as 
I leave here, these will be going over to Pam Bondi.
    I am not doing that to an effort to bully you guys, but I 
do believe that your policies are hurting the American people, 
and you can make that known with the evidence that you can 
present the Department of Justice. But if you guys continue 
doing what you are doing, you are not going to help anyone. You 
are going to hurt more people, and that is exactly why I am 
tired of it, the American people are tired of it, and, 
Chairman, I yield my time.
    Chairman Comer. Would you yield your last minute?
    Mrs. Luna. Yes, sir.
    Chairman Comer. Mayor Adams, you were one of the first 
mayors in what the media refers to as a Blue City, typically, 
that came out and raised concerns about the influx of illegals 
pouring into the city of New York. Could you answer the 
question what that did to New York City from a from a budgetary 
standpoint? Let us not even talk about crime or anything. Let 
us just talk about the burden on the citizens of New York City.
    Mr. Adams. As I indicated, Mr. Chairman, we spent $6.9 
billion, and the long-term impact of that is extremely 
significant. After COVID, we had a large number of children who 
was chronically absent. We could have taken $200 million of 
that and dealt with that. We have a real mental health crisis 
in our city. We could have spent hundreds of millions of 
dollars on that. And so, the long-term impact of spending $6.9 
billion is going to have serious ramification on the future of 
New York City, so it is more than just what happened last year 
or this year. It is what is going to impact us long-term.
    Chairman Comer. And I think that is one of the purposes of 
this hearing, to talk about the consequences from cities that 
have huge illegal alien populations. The Chair now recognizes 
Ms. Pressley from Massachusetts.
    Ms. Pressley. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mayor Wu, I am 
grateful for our longstanding partnership in public service. I 
am grateful to be your Congresswoman as well as your 
constituent.
    Mr. Connolly. Is your mic on?
    Ms. Pressley. Can I get that time back? All right.
    Again, grateful for our longstanding partnership in public 
service, grateful to be your Congresswoman, and grateful to be 
your constituent. It is clear my colleagues across the aisle 
did not do their homework because the fears and division they 
are trying to project on to Boston are really the stuff of Fox 
News Fever Dreams. Our city is vibrant. Our city is diverse. 
Our city is beautiful. Mayor Wu, immigration is central to the 
economic success of Boston, is it not?
    Ms. Wu. Absolutely. All of our key industries, whether it 
is healthcare, life sciences, higher education, financial 
services, everything that we do depends on immigrant residents 
and the contributions that they make.
    Ms. Pressley. Thank you, Mayor. Well, immigration defines 
Boston. You know, for generations our city has been shaped by 
people who have endured incredible hardships to arrive at our 
shores seeking a better life. They drove taxis, opened 
restaurants, studied at our schools, built homes, repaired our 
roads and bridges, cared for patients, cleaned offices, built 
businesses, provided essential early education and childcare 
for our babies. There is no doubt immigration is essential to 
the success of Boston, but there is, in fact, a dark threat 
looming over this great city. That threat is the racist and 
xenophobic anti-immigrant policies coming from this Trump White 
House.
    Mr. Chair, I ask unanimous consent to enter into the record 
this Boston Globe article titled, ``They are Going to Deport 
us: Trump's Immigration Policies Prompt Some Children to Skip 
School.''
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Pressley. Mayor Wu, I have been speaking to principals 
and educators in Boston at various roundtables and town halls 
that I have convened, and the stories are heartbreaking. 
Elementary school children are crying in their teachers' arms, 
fearful that they are going to lose their parents to cruel and 
unjust deportation raids.
    Mayor Wu, last week I met with an esteemed doctor from a 
local Boston hospital who reported that follow-up appointments 
in her clinic have seen a 200 percent spike in no-shows and 
cancellations. Her assessment? Her patients are missing 
critical care, like dialysis, prenatal care and chemotherapy, 
because of a fear of immigration raids in our hospitals and 
healthcare settings. Mayor Wu, do you agree with this 
healthcare provider?
    Ms. Wu. Absolutely. We hear it from our shared 
constituents. People are afraid, and that is having huge impact 
on their daily lives when they are just trying to do right and 
be a good example for their kids as they pursue the American 
Dream.
    Ms. Pressley. Mr. Chair, I ask unanimous consent to enter 
into the record this article titled, ``Fearful Amid ICE 
Crackdowns, Some Immigrants are Skipping Healthcare.''
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Pressley. So, here we have a man who thinks he is king, 
screaming anti-immigrant slurs from the Oval Office, and what 
has it done to make Boston safer? Nothing. Not a thing. But it 
has traumatized our kids, cost our elders their dialysis, 
delayed cancer patients' chemotherapy, and struck fear into the 
heart of hardworking people who not only contribute immensely 
to our city and our community, but whose labor and 
contributions are also essential to the very functions of daily 
life in our great city.
    The Members of this Committee would be well served by 
learning from our esteemed Mayor, but a teach-in is not the 
charge of this Committee. I would remind my colleagues this 
Committee's purpose is oversight. The only person who has 
something to answer for is Donald Trump. He is singlehandedly 
decimating decades of economic progress, vilifying our 
immigrant neighbors, and disregarding the Constitution and 
basic decency daily. This man points to our most vulnerable, 
scapegoats them for every hardship, while he himself is 
actually the source of the hardship that the American people 
are experiencing.
    My colleagues do not really care about criminality. If you 
really cared about criminality, you would do something about 
Elon Musk's power grab stealing our data. You would do 
something about efforts to defund the National Institutes of 
Health cancer research. If you really cared about criminality, 
you would do something about people that want to rob our babies 
of food. Make it make sense. My Republican colleagues across 
the aisle believe a 6-year-old from El Salvador who wants to go 
to school and a mom who fled violence in Haiti are the reason 
that the cost of eggs are too damn high. And your housing and 
gas will follow suit, surely because of these Donald Trump 
tariffs. The shameful Republican rip-off, slashing away basic 
government services to line the pockets of Donald Trump's 
buddies so they can buy toy yachts and rocket ships. It is a 
shame and a sham. America has a problem, and it is Donald 
Trump. If my colleagues really cared about criminality, they 
would do something about him.
    I am grateful that the people of Boston and my Mayor stand 
with their neighbors from every walk of life. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Mr. Gill from Texas.
    Mr. Gill. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for holding this hearing 
on such an important topic. Mayor Johnson, I want to start with 
you. One of your first actions as Mayor was establishing a 
Deputy Mayor for immigrant, migrant and refugee rights. I want 
to ask you a series of questions. If you could answer with a 
yes or no answer, that would be great. First of all, do you 
support allowing illegal aliens to obtain driver's licenses? 
Just yes or no.
    Mr. Johnson. So, the city of Chicago has been a welcoming 
city for over 40 years as a policy.
    Mr. Gill. I will take that as a ``yes''. Next question, do 
you----
    Mr. Johnson. And that is the policy that we will hold to.
    Mr. Gill. Do you support tax dollars subsidizing or paying 
for the healthcare of illegal aliens?
    Mr. Johnson. I support investments in all residents and the 
people of Chicago, and that is what I do.
    Mr. Gill. That is yes as well. Do you support free or 
reduced college for illegal aliens?
    Mr. Johnson. Again, I support the investments of all 
residents and the people of Chicago.
    Mr. Gill. I will take that is a ``yes''. Next question, do 
you support allowing noncitizens to vote in local elections?
    Mr. Johnson. I am not over the jurisdiction of that type of 
law, but, again, I am committed to investing in all residents 
and the people of Chicago.
    Mr. Gill. I will take that as a ``yes''. I have got an 
article from the Chicago Sun-Times, ``Johnson proposed, among 
other things, that all residents, regardless of citizenship 
status, be able to vote for Chicago Board of Education 
members.'' Next question, your website states, and this is your 
campaign website, ``I will not stop fighting until abortion 
access is completely secure for people all over the country.'' 
Yes or no, do you support taxpayer-funded abortions for illegal 
aliens?
    Mr. Johnson. I support the reproductive rights of all 
people, all women.
    Mr. Gill. I will take that as a ``yes'' as well. Your 
mayoral transition website mentions support for creating a 
Chicago Board of Education Non-Citizen Advisory Board. Again, 
yes or no, do you support appointing non-citizens to government 
advisory boards?
    Mr. Johnson. I was invited here today to discuss a 
Welcoming City.
    Mr. Gill. It is a yes or no.
    Mr. Johnson. I was invited here to discuss Welcoming City.
    Mr. Gill. This is a yes or no question.
    Mr. Johnson. If you are interested in asking me questions 
about the Welcoming City----
    Mr. Gill. You are not going to talk about that. I will take 
that as a ``yes.''
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. I am happy to answer those 
questions.
    Mr. Gill. No, we are going to move on. As you know, 
President Trump, unlike the previous administration, has taken 
serious action to bring foreign criminal gangs to justice, to 
take our border back, and to restore public safety in our 
communities. He designated eight transnational criminal 
organizations and cartels as foreign terrorist organizations. 
These are groups like Tren de Aragua, MS-13, Sinaloa, some of 
the most grotesque and ruthless and brutal organizations in the 
world. You, as Mayor of a sanctuary city, have been virtually 
giving favors to illegal aliens. Apparently, you support an 
enormous amount of taxpayer resources going to them as well, 
but you yourself have also received a lot of gifts. And for 
those of you who do not know, Mayor Johnson has a secret gift 
room that is not given access to the public or for access to 
the Office of Inspector General. I would like to ask you a 
couple questions about that. Do you know everyone who has given 
you a gift since you became Mayor?
    Mr. Johnson. The city of Chicago has had a policy for 40 
years----
    Mr. Gill. That is a yes or no question.
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. Where there are individuals that 
would like to give gifts to the city of Chicago.
    Mr. Gill. No, I am reclaiming my time. I am going to take 
that as a ``no.''
    Mr. Johnson. And we do not accept those gifts. We receive 
them on behalf----
    Mr. Gill. When did you become Mayor? No, I am going to 
reclaim my time here.
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. Of the city of Chicago.
    Mr. Gill. You are not going to filibuster here. When did 
you become Mayor?
    Mr. Johnson. I was elected Mayor of the city of Chicago in 
April 2023, and I was sworn in----
    Mr. Gill. Got it. On June 12----
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. May 15 of 2023.
    Mr. Gill. On June 12, 2023, you received Hugo Boss 
cufflinks and a personalized Mont Blanc pen. Do you know who 
gave you those?
    Mr. Johnson. So, I did not receive those personally. The 
city of Chicago received them----
    Mr. Gill. You received those on behalf of----
    Mr. Johnson. That is right, on behalf of the city of 
Chicago. As every mayor----
    Mr. Gill. No, I understand the difference.
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. In the history of----
    Mr. Gill. Do you know who----
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. Chicago who has been provided 
gifts
    Mr. Gill. Do you know who gave those to the city of 
Chicago?
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. To the city of Chicago.
    Mr. Gill. Do you know who gave those to the city of 
Chicago?
    Mr. Johnson. So, again, on behalf of the city of Chicago, 
there are gifts----
    Mr. Gill. It is a yes or no question.
    Mr. Johnson. But I do not accept. Those are not my personal 
gifts.
    Mr. Gill. So, you do not know?
    Mr. Johnson. Those are the gifts of the city of Chicago.
    Mr. Gill. On March 18, 2024----
    Mr. Johnson. And that is why you are aware that they exist 
because they are within the law.
    Mr. Gill. I am reclaiming my time here, sir. On March 18, 
2024, you received a Gucci tote bag. Do you know who gave the 
city of Chicago that?
    Mr. Johnson. Again, I was here and I was invited to 
respond----
    Mr. Gill. I will also take that as a ``no.''
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. To the questions around----
    Mr. Gill. On March 19, 2024----
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. Welcoming City. I am happy to 
answer any of those questions.
    Mr. Gill [continuing]. The city of Chicago received a 
Givenchy bag, a Kate Spade purse, and Carrucci shoes. Do you 
know who gave the city of Chicago those?
    Mr. Johnson. Again, I was brought here----
    Mr. Gill. I will take that as ``no.'' I am reclaiming my 
time. Yes, sir, I am reclaiming my time.
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. To respond on behalf of the city 
of Chicago on what a Welcoming City experience is.
    Mr. Gill. This raises serious ethical concerns. You are 
providing an enormous amount of aid to illegal aliens, aiding 
and abetting criminals who have come into our country 
illegally, and you, yourself, are receiving an enormous amount 
of gifts, and you will not even tell us who they are coming 
from.
    Mr. Connolly. Mr. Chairman, time is up.
    Mr. Gill. That raises serious ethical concern.
    Mr. Connolly. We have a 5-minute rule.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman's time has----
    Mr. Gill. Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask for unanimous 
consent to enter into the record the city of Chicago Office of 
Inspector General Advisory Concerning Gifts Accepted on Behalf 
of the City.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Mr. Gill. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair now recognizes Ms. Tlaib for 5 
minutes.
    Ms. Tlaib. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Mayor Adams, since we are 
on this conversation around oversight and some mis-claims here 
about corruption, I mean, do you agree, Mr. Mayor Adams?
    Mr. Adams. Yes, I hear you, Congresswoman.
    Ms. Tlaib. Oh, OK. You were not looking at me. That is why. 
It is OK. I will speak louder if you want. Did you agree to a 
quid pro quo deal to enforce the Trump Administration's cruel 
immigration policy in exchange for protection from the Federal 
corruption charges against you? And you are under oath, just as 
a reminder.
    Mr. Adams. Congresswoman, there was no agreement, there was 
no quid pro quo, and I have done nothing wrong.
    Ms. Tlaib. So, help me out here, though. So, the Trump 
official, Tom Homan, we all know who he is. He said, quote,--I 
am quoting him--``If he does not come through, I will be in his 
office up his butt.'' Sorry, Chairman. ``Saying, `Where the 
hell is the agreement we came to?' '' You are accusing the 
Trump Administration for lying? Did they lie? They are lying 
then.
    Mr. Adams. Mr. Homan and I both agreed we will fight 
dangerous criminals, and we never had any conversation about my 
case.
    Ms. Tlaib. OK. So, Mayor Johnson and Johnston and--I am 
sorry, I cannot get the----
    Mr. Johnston. You can just call us Chicago and Denver.
    Ms. Tlaib. There you go. This is really important. You 
know, as a child of immigrants, and I think many of my 
colleagues on that side of the aisle have beautiful, diverse 
communities as well. And one of the things that I know happens 
when we try to have local law enforcement and local city 
officials, I mean, they even want folks that work for our city 
treasury asking people for immigration status. That is what 
they would prefer. You know, is that racial profiling? I mean, 
what do you do? Like, you wait for somebody to come, they have 
an accent, maybe they wear a hijab, maybe they look a certain 
way. That is what they want you to do.
    That is what they are asking you to do, by the way. They 
want you all to basically do the job of what the Federal 
Government should be doing in regard to passing really 
comprehensive immigration reform so families are not separated 
because right now, all they want to do is continue to talk 
about enforcement. Guess what? In the last 20 years, it did not 
work, did it? It is not working. So, one by one, if you can 
talk about that because I know my mother, who has been here for 
over 50 years, is carrying her U.S. passport for the first time 
in her life, and she is not traveling nowhere out of the 
country. But she is carrying it because she knows her beautiful 
accent--it is beautiful, I love it--and just so fearful of 
being stopped and being asked her immigration status. She knows 
she will be racially profiled, and she already feels unsafe in 
a community she lived in for over 50 years.
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Congresswoman. I would just agree. 
We do not think it is relevant to know someone's status when 
they come into a public library to check out a book, or if they 
come to the hospital for service, or if they come to register 
their child for school. The Constitution says you are entitled 
to an education. Our job is to provide it. So, we think that is 
unnecessary and it just scares people away.
    Mr. Tlaib. Yes. Mayor?
    Mr. Johnson. Yes. Allowing local law enforcement in the 
city of Chicago to focus on city priorities as well as making 
sure that there is trust between our immigrant communities and 
all of our communities that----
    Ms. Tlaib. Yes. I have worked on different violence cases 
as a former immigration attorney.
    Mr. Johnson. Absolutely.
    Ms. Tlaib. I am telling you this is deadly for women being 
abused. Deadly.
    Mr. Johnson. It certainly engenders trust, and that is how 
we have----
    Ms. Tlaib. Absolutely.
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. Driven crime down in the city of 
Chicago because of that trust.
    Ms. Tlaib. Mayor Wu?
    Ms. Wu. Thank you, Congresswoman. Boston is proud to be the 
safest major city in the country, and we do not ask about 
immigration status when providing city services. We also are 
clear to all our residents that we do not care about 
immigration status when we hold people accountable for doing 
harm in the community as well.
    Ms. Tlaib. Yes, because when I hear ``sanctuary city,'' I 
hear ``anti-racial profiling.'' I really do. I hear, like, OK, 
we are not here in the business of trying to enforce broken 
immigration laws that are inhumane, completely immoral right 
now. That is what I hear. And as a former immigration attorney, 
when I hear the story in Denver, and trust me, ICE is there 
waiting to pick them up. They sent six of them. Six of them 
could not take this guy that they are supposed to pick up does 
not make any sense to me because they are there. They are 
pretending they do not know that as a fact.
    But one of the things that bothers me about all of this is 
the executive order of rescinding the sensitive locations. Why 
this is important? They basically want to do immigration 
enforcement and racial profiling and immigration enforcement 
that is race based. I am at the Canadian border in Detroit. Do 
you know the majority of people coming down undocumented is 
Canadian? But guess what? It still is the Brown folks that are 
overwhelming--ACLU did a study--is overwhelmingly the ones 
being targeted, detained, and deported.
    And so, for me, the sensitive locations is hospitals, 
schools, funerals. This was all a policy in place to protect us 
from having our communities overpoliced and militarized. Can 
you talk about the impact of that? And I have 22 more seconds 
because he went over----
    Mr. Fallon. No, because his time was----
    Ms. Tlaib. He went over 22 more seconds.
    Mr. Fallon. He spoke over him. That was not true.
    Ms. Tlaib. No, I did not. Chairman, I never spoke over him.
    Mr. Fallon. No, not you. The Mayor spoke over Brandon.
    Ms. Tlaib. It does not matter. He went over 22 seconds.
    Chairman Comer. Go ahead and ask your question.
    Ms. Tlaib. I did want them to answer the question about the 
sensitive locations because this is something we all should be 
scared of, because pastors are calling me because they are 
talking about churches possibly having ICE agents show up at 
churches.
    Mr. Johnston. I can just say, Congresswoman, our fastest-
growing church in Denver went from 700 folks in the parishion 
to 5 after that announcement.
    Chairman Comer. All right. Very good.
    Ms. Tlaib. Thank you. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. Yes. The Chair recognizes Mr. Fallon from 
Texas.
    Mr. Fallon. All right. Forty-three seconds. That is a deal. 
All right. Mr. Chairman, thank you. Coming into this very 
important hearing, I suspected that Democrats would claim 
illegal immigrants pose no danger and would frame them as a 
sympathetic victim class and completely glaze over the 
tremendous financial burden that mass unlawful migration places 
on the shoulders of the American taxpayers. And furthermore, 
they would completely ignore the grave dangers that violent 
criminal illegals pose to all Americans, the Democrats would 
use spin and deflection and woke, wonderment, and delusion, and 
some would even blatantly lie, and as they so often do, the 
left did not disappoint.
    The first claim that we heard was there were ICE agents 
ripping adorable children off adorable school busses. It was a 
myth and it never happened. And what was the source of this 
Democratic claim? One letter written by one superintendent in a 
country of 13,000 school districts, and that letter said that 
this may happen. Well, I may start a business with flying 
monkeys delivering new fruit salads. I may. But it never 
happened. In the case in point, it was Alice ISD. And Mr. 
Chairman, there was another letter that Alice ISD sent, and I 
am going to quote it. It said, ``We have not had any Customs 
and Border Patrol enter or board busses, nor do we have any 
knowledge of it happening here or in any other school 
district.'' It was a spin, it was deflection, and it was a lie.
    Now, the most important thing that any elected official 
should focus on is to keep our citizens safe. There is no 
greater calling. Mayor Johnson, is Chicago a safe city?
    Mr. Johnson. We are a safer city since I have been in 
office. Crime is down----
    Mr. Fallon. A safer city. OK. Sir----
    Mr. Johnson. Crime is down----
    Mr. Fallon. Sir, do you know that----
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. Over 20 percent just this year 
alone.
    Mr. Fallon. Sir, no. Mr. Chairman, I reclaim my time. You 
are not going to overtalk me. Brandon, he was very nice and he 
is a freshman. I am not going to do that. I find it interesting 
that you say Chicago is safe. You have a higher murder rate 
than Haiti, and the Biden Administration put up a travel 
advisory saying to Americans do not go to Haiti. I hope that 
the Trump Administration puts up a travel advisory saying do 
not go to Chicago. In fact, Haiti has a murder rate of 18.02 
percent. Chicago has a murder rate of 18.26 percent. I can see 
why, sir, you have a 14-percent approval rating. Mayor Wu, you 
are a Democrat, yes?
    Ms. Wu. Yes.
    Mr. Fallon. OK. You supported the Biden-Harris 
Administration politically?
    Ms. Wu. I did.
    Mr. Fallon. Yes. OK. Do you think that they took border 
security seriously?
    Ms. Wu. I think Washington failed on immigration and 
continues to do so.
    Mr. Fallon. Let me ask that again. Did you think the Biden 
Administration took border security seriously?
    Ms. Wu. I think Washington failed----
    Mr. Fallon. It is a yes or no. It is not a trick question, 
mayor.
    Ms. Wu. I think there is responsibility across this 
entire----
    Mr. Fallon. Come on. We need to get out of here. Yes or no, 
did Biden-Harris do a good job? You were supporting Kamala 
Harris, so apparently, you must have thought she was OK on it.
    Ms. Wu. Washington has failed.
    Mr. Fallon. OK. So, you are not going to answer.
    Ms. Wu. And we are cleaning up the pieces at city----
    Mr. Fallon. Well, here is the thing. We can deal with 
delusion--no, Mayor, I am going to reclaim my time. We can deal 
with delusion or we can deal with data, so let us talk about 
some data. I find this interesting. Under the 12 years that 
Barack Obama and Donald Trump were President, there were 
460,000 illegal encounters annually on average. Under Joe 
Biden, it was 2,641,000. It was 600-percent worse. Mayor Wu, 
you would agree with me, I hope, on this, that Vladimir Putin 
is a bad hombre and he rules over an authoritarian regime, yes?
    Ms. Wu. Yes.
    Mr. Fallon. Bipartisan agreement. Wonderful. Under 
President Trump's first Administration, 98 Russian nationals 
were apprehended on the Southern border entering the country 
illegally. Under Joe Biden, it was 127,415, 130,000-percent 
worse. Terror Watch List went from 11 under President Trump to 
382.
    [Phone audible.]
    Mr. Fallon. That might be one of them calling right now. 
February 2024, 190,000 illegal immigrants were apprehended. 
This past month, it was only 8,000, a 96-percent reduction.
    Now, the common theme that we heard from a lot of Oversight 
Democrats is a bold-faced lie that illegal immigrants, or I 
should say, immigrants are less likely to commit crimes. What 
they are doing is they are infusing legal immigrants with 
illegal. When you bifurcate, when you separate them, yes, legal 
immigrants are less likely to commit crimes, but illegal 
immigrants are more likely to. Non-U.S. citizens account for 7 
percent of the U.S. population, yet account for 15 percent of 
the Federal arrests and prosecutions according to the Justice 
Department.
    The Federation for American Immigration Reform found that 
if you are an illegal immigrant, you were two times more likely 
to be incarcerated in California, in New York, and five times 
more likely in Arizona. And in my home state, in June 2011 to 
January 2024, Mr. Chairman, there were 428,000 criminal aliens 
booked in Texas jails. Two hundred ninety-nine thousand of them 
were illegal immigrants charged with murder, rape, sexual 
assault, kidnapping, assault, et al., 187,000 convictions. So, 
it is an outrageous claim to say----
    Mr. Connolly. Mr. Chairman?
    Mr. Fallon [continuing]. That when we secured the----
    Mr. Connolly. The gentleman's time has expired.
    Mr. Fallon. No. Mr. Chairman, 42 seconds left.
    Mr. Connolly. No, you do not.
    Mr. Fallon. Yes, I do because she went over 42 seconds. 
Spare me.
    Mr. Connolly. Mr. Chairman?
    Mr. Fallon. Mr. Chairman, I got 20 seconds left, and I will 
wrap it, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Comer. He is wrapping his question up.
    Mr. Fallon. It is an outrageous claim to say that securing 
the border and enforcing our immigration laws does not make 
Americans safer because it does. And if you do not agree with 
that, I would encourage you to talk to Laken Riley's family or 
Jocelyn Nungaray's family. Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. Thank you. The Chair recognizes Ms. 
Stansbury from New Mexico.
    Ms. Stansbury. All right. Well, thank you, Mr. Chairman. I 
always think that we should sage this room after these hearings 
because we hear a lot of crazy stuff in here, but let me start 
out by saying, mayors, welcome to our Committee. Thank you for 
serving your cities and your people. I have to say, as also an 
elected official, you have the hardest job in America. There is 
no job harder than being a mayor of a major city, so thank you 
for serving your constituents.
    And I want to take this opportunity to especially 
acknowledge Mayor Wu because not only are you the first woman 
to ever serve the city of Boston, if you all have not been 
watching, she is also the mother of a newborn who is here with 
her. She has a 7-week-old baby, and she showed up to testify 
and be yelled at by our colleagues for 4 hours. So, I say to 
you, Mayor Wu, may your daughter grow up to be a fierce leader 
like you.
    Ms. Wu. Thank you.
    Ms. Stansbury. Now, I want to reject the fundamental 
premise of this hearing because what this entire effort is 
about is intimidating state and local officials, attacking law-
abiding immigrant families, and spending millions of dollars of 
taxpayer dollars both in the Administration and in Congress to 
make ads that are complete smoke and mirrors trying to say that 
Donald Trump has somehow secured America's safety.
    What they are doing is not making America safer. In fact, 
it is a total and complete lie because Donald Trump has failed 
to actually even secure the border. He has failed to stop 
illicit drugs, like fentanyl, from crossing the border. He has 
failed to secure sufficient staffing and technology to stop 
human trafficking and illicit drugs from crossing the border. 
He has failed to support local law enforcement and behavioral 
health programs to address the issues that are affecting our 
communities. And he has failed to even execute on the most 
basic thing that he said he would do, which was to pass 
immigration reform when he got into office.
    Here we are, Donald Trump. Where is your immigration bill? 
Oh, wait, you do not have one. That is right, because none of 
this is actually about making America safer. In fact, all of 
this is making America weaker. He is dismantling our Federal 
law enforcements that would actually go after cartels and drug 
traffickers. Over the last 6 weeks, Donald Trump has taken out 
the most senior FBI officials and the officials in our U.S. 
Attorney's offices that were actually prosecuting the cases 
against the drug cartels. Donald Trump took out the law 
enforcement that were prosecuting those cases.
    So, let us be real about that. He froze Federal law 
enforcement funds all across the country. I have tribes in my 
district that still have not had their DOJ grants reinstated. 
Let us be real about what is going on here. He has frozen funds 
to refugee resettlement and other immigrant groups, 
permanently, who have outstanding receipts. There are refugees 
and asylees that had waited decades to get to this country from 
war-torn parts of the world, and they literally had their 
flights canceled the last 2 weeks, while Donald Trump is 
sitting in the Oval Office and offering millionaire oligarchs a 
free ride into America with his gold visa program.
    Is this really about making America safe again? Is that 
really what he is about, is that really what my colleagues 
across the aisle are about, because what I can tell you, as a 
representative from a great city, the city of Albuquerque, a 
border state, is that we know what makes our community safer. 
It means we stop drugs from coming into our country and our 
communities. It means that we support and we fund our law 
enforcement. It means that we fund our behavioral health 
system. It means that we support our mayors, our tribal 
leaders, and our state officials. It means that we invest in 
them. It does not mean that we drag them in front of Congress 
for 4 hours, we yell at them, we tell them we are going to give 
them criminal referrals.
    The DOJ is intimidating our mayors, and my colleagues 
across the aisle are producing TV ads to try to pretend that 
they are making this country safe again. It is total bullshit, 
absolute bullshit. They are not making America safer again, and 
what they are doing is terrorizing immigrant families. That is 
what they are doing--parents who are afraid to send their kids 
to school, parents who are afraid that they will not come home 
again, kids who are afraid to leave their houses, refugees who 
have waited for years to come into this country. And our mayors 
are sitting here enduring this ridiculous, ridiculous hearing 
as they have been threatened in front of the American people.
    And so, I will say in the words of my sister in the front 
row who brought forward the words of one of our faith leaders 
just a few days ago on the House Floor, I hope that my 
colleagues across the aisle, who I can tell most of whom come 
from immigrant stock, will have the same mercy that our 
ancestors had shown to them by this country so that you could 
sit here and be a Congress person.
    Chairman Comer. The gentlelady's time has expired. We are 
going to----
    Ms. Crockett. Mr. Chairman, I would ask unanimous consent.
    Chairman Comer. Ms. Crockett?
    Ms. Crockett. From The Economist, ``How Boston Became the 
Safest Big City in America. Murder is Declining Across the 
Country, but Boston Has Led the Way.'' And then I have one more 
UC request. It is from InsightCrime.org: Gang violence in Haiti 
continued to surge in 2024 following a trend that began after 
the assassination of president in 2021. The country reported a 
record number of homicides in 2024 with over 7,000 murders for 
a rate of 62 percent, up from 40.9 percent in 2023.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    At the request of the witnesses, we are going to do one 
more questioner. It will be Mr. Sessions from Texas, then the 
Committee will take a 15-minute break. Last question before the 
break, at the request of the witnesses, will be Mr. Sessions 
from Texas.
    Mr. Sessions. Mr. Chairman, thank you very much. To the 
panelists, thank you for taking time to be here. I hasten to 
say that I am probably not going to yell at you. I will not 
live up to the things that we have been accused of today, but I 
will say that I want to defend some actions that are being 
taken.
    I remember a few years ago when Boston had two illegal 
aliens. They were known as criminal aliens, but they were known 
as on the Watch List. They created a bomb that went off at the 
Boston Marathon, only killed a couple of people, but caused 
huge disruption. And it brought to light that the 
administration at the time and prior administration had allowed 
people who were on watch lists that we understood were 
terrorism, criminal, and we were allowing them in the country. 
We marched forward as we moved about the rule of law being 
ignored.
    The United States of America allows 1 million people to go 
through our process, the largest amount anywhere in the world--
1 million people--and they go through a process. And I spoke at 
one of these ceremonies, naturalization ceremonies, last May, 
and I spoke to the people that were there, and they all 
unequivocally stated thank you to the United States of America. 
But they learned what they were entering, what they were 
expected to do, that their customs from where they came from, 
some could be kept, but the things which did not correspond to 
American law now needed to be followed. That they were going to 
become American citizens, not where they came from, but they 
wanted to be Americans, and they had to follow those rules and 
regulations or laws. That we were very open to them being here 
and that they could legally perform the duties that they 
wanted.
    What has caused this mismatch is more than just the Boston 
bomber or people being killed, but, rather, the public interest 
in looking at the charade that it caused all across this 
country, in particular, in larger cities, Chicago, yes, New 
York City, yes, other cities around the United States where 
people felt not only threatened, but it was activity that was 
seen as unbecoming to people who should be where they were and 
giving respect and thanks to a group of people who were 
allowing them to be here, i.e., a city that was not going to 
arrest them.
    But you see, what we really understood is, if you were here 
illegally, they were not going to arrest you even for a crime. 
They might have arrested someone who was a citizen and put them 
behind bars, but unless they really created a heinous 
circumstance, they were not going to be arrested, and so this 
created an aura around the United States that the American 
people understood. And that is one of the reasons why you saw 
the American people not only vote with their hands, but vote 
with their emotions about the need to bring back not just law 
and order, not just rule of law, but the ability that we had as 
American people to rethink the entire issue.
    And I do understand you think that this is all broken in 
Washington, DC. because you disagree with it. But what we have 
been allowing is the next President, whether it be Barack 
Obama, whether it be George W. Bush, whether it be Donald 
Trump, whether it be Joe Biden, to insist upon their own way 
instead of the law. The laws have been misguided, they have 
been misused, and they are taken advantage of. I think what we 
are trying to do today is to hear from you, not as ``we are 
accused,'' but rather thoughtful people to hear you talk about 
your cities, the things which you encounter, and the things 
which you think are right.
    And by and large--and I have been in and out of this 
Committee today--but we, by and large, heard it is not less 
safe, it is more safe because of what we do, and yet, it comes 
at a cost and a price, and it creates circumstances. So, I want 
to thank you for being here. I want you to remember that not 
everybody yelled and screamed at you. Some people actually 
showed up to listen, and that is what I did today. And I want 
to thank each of you because your modeling that you have been 
doing is something that we do need to pay attention to. Mr. 
Chairman, I yield back my time.
    Chairman Comer. Very good. The Committee will take a 20-
minute break. Pursuant to the previous order, the Chair 
declares the Committee in recess for 20 minutes.
    [Recess.]
    Chairman Comer. The Committee will come back to order.
    The Chair recognizes Ms. Crockett from Texas.
    Ms. Crockett. Thank you so much, Mr. Chair, and thank you 
so much to our mayors that are here. And I really quickly want 
to touch on something because I know that many of you prepared 
for today's hearing by making sure that you got a little bit of 
information about immigrants and crime in your cities. Let me 
ask each of the mayors, just yes or no, have any of you been 
made aware of any immigrant that has had 34 felony convictions 
that is still been able to roam around in your cities? Anyone?
    Mr. Johnston. No, ma'am.
    Ms. Crockett. Thirty four felony convictions----
    Ms. Wu. No, Congresswoman.
    Ms. Crockett [continuing]. From the immigrants. Anybody?
    Mr. Adams. I am not aware.
    Ms. Crockett. Oh, OK. OK. I am just curious because we are 
so concerned about crime, and I know that my Republican 
colleagues would never want anybody with 34 felony convictions 
roaming around because that could be a danger to the community, 
but I will move on.
    The Republicans put more effort into producing their little 
propaganda trailer for this hearing than they have into 
reforming America's immigration system, and that is why we are 
here today. In fact, Republicans are beating up on the vast 
majority of you about what you are doing for your citizens, but 
the last time I checked, you are actually showing up. You may 
or may not be aware, but the NRCC just instructed Republicans 
to stop their town hall meetings because their constituents 
were showing up and telling them to ``do your jobs.''
    If I had to sum up some of what you have said thus far 
today, I would sum it up as you have been trying to tell them 
as politely as you can to do their jobs. In fact, we know that 
they have not done their jobs, and so they are trying to force 
you to do it for them by turning your local law enforcement 
officers into ICE agents. They have this fake outrage about how 
immigrants are stealing resources and jobs from Americans when 
residents of Boston, Chicago, New York City, and Denver are 
subsidizing public services in their districts and their states 
because the Republicans refuse to ensure that their 
constituents earn a livable wage. Look, they do not have a plan 
to fix immigration in America because they do not want to. Mass 
deportation is not a plan, arresting kids in schools or 
worshipers in church is not a plan, but there are important 
points to discuss as it relates to immigration in America.
    So, Mr. Bier, in January, you testified before the 
Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration, Integrity, Security, and 
Enforcement. During that hearing, we played a little game 
called rhetoric or reality. Do you remember that?
    Mr. Bier. I remember, yes.
    Ms. Crockett. OK. Well, let us go ahead for round two, why 
don't we? Rhetoric or reality: immigrants are a burden to the 
American taxpayers because they deplete our Federal resources?
    Mr. Bier. That would be rhetoric.
    Ms. Crockett. Correct. In fact, the Congressional Budget 
Office estimates that immigrants will lower U.S. deficits by a 
cumulative $1 trillion and increase the U.S. economy size by 
nearly $9 trillion over 10 years. Is that correct?
    Mr. Bier. That is correct.
    Ms. Crockett. In 2023, 47 million immigrants paid nearly 
$652 billion in taxes, $58.1 billion in taxes alone in Texas. 
Rhetoric or reality: during his first Administration, Trump 
improved enforcement of U.S. immigration laws?
    Mr. Bier. He did not.
    Ms. Crockett. In fact, President Trump closed almost all 
immigration courts for removal proceedings, cut prosecutions 
for unauthorized entry by 87 percent, cut ICE removals to the 
lowest level in the history of the Agency, and released 9,000 
people with violent crime convictions back into our 
communities. Is that correct?
    Mr. Bier. That is right. Yes.
    Ms. Crockett. So, rhetoric or reality: President Trump's 
immigration policies make American communities safer?
    Mr. Bier. No, they do not make communities safer.
    Ms. Crockett. In fact, nearly a hundred thousand 
unauthorized immigrants have obtained legal status through 
their cooperation with law enforcement. And local law 
enforcement agencies have more than 300,000 pending requests 
for immigrants seeking legal status based upon their 
cooperation with law enforcement according to the Department of 
Homeland Security. Is that correct?
    Mr. Bier. That is right. Immigrants work with law 
enforcement to stop and solve crimes.
    Ms. Crockett. Thank you. That was one of my rhetoric or 
reality questions. Sorry. The question was, immigrants without 
legal status can help stop crime. That is correct, right?
    Mr. Bier. Yes, that is correct.
    Ms. Crockett. All right. And, Mr. Bier, isn't it true that 
Republicans are threatening to illegally strip cities of law 
enforcement grants intended for local policing and public 
safety if they do not go along with Trump's immigration agenda?
    Mr. Bier. That is right. They want to redistribute the 
fiscal burden onto the Democratic cities and away from the 
Republican ones.
    Ms. Crockett. Which brings me to my next point. Mayor 
Adams, do you believe that President Trump is weaponizing the 
Department of Justice against local governments like New York 
City?
    Mr. Adams. Thank you for the question, Congresswoman, and 
as I indicated previously, this case is in front of Judge Ho, 
and I am going to allow the judicial process to go forward.
    Ms. Crockett. Well, let me ask it a different way. There 
was a quote from Mr.----
    Chairman Comer. Uh----
    Ms. Crockett. Well, he had to get advice. So, can I just 
get a----
    Chairman Comer. What is that?
    Ms. Crockett. He was getting advice, so can I get a little 
bit of time? I did not interrupt why he was getting advice.
    Chairman Comer. Go ahead.
    Ms. Crockett. OK. This is the last one. There was a quote 
from Mr. Homan, I believe, where he said he will be in your 
office and up your butt if there was a problem with whatever 
agreement. We do not know what it was. My question to you--I 
know you have been asked about it a couple of times today--is 
was he lying when he said that you made an agreement that would 
cause him to beat up your butt if you fail to uphold your end 
of it?
    Chairman Comer. And the gentlelady's time has expired, but 
if the Mayor will try to, he can.
    Mr. Adams. Congresswoman, I answered that question, and it 
appears as though we are asking the same questions over and 
over and over again. My comments are not going to change. No 
quid pro quo. No agreement. I did nothing wrong.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Mr. Langworthy from 
New York.
    Mr. Langworthy. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Thank 
you, Mayors, for being here. You all represent cities that 
should be beacons of opportunities for young professionals, 
entrepreneurs, and hardworking Americans that want to make it 
in this world, not the laughingstocks that they have become in 
many ways. New York was once hailed as the capital of the 
world, Boston was admired for its founding role in America, 
Chicago was the gateway to the West and the icon of the Great 
Lakes, and Denver was admired for its natural beauty. Now all 
these cities are seen as a place where illegal immigrants, 
violent criminals, and gang members thrive, breaking our laws 
and spreading fear throughout our communities.
    Let us be clear. Sanctuary policies have not just failed. 
They have made our cities less safe and less welcoming to those 
who truly want to contribute to our communities. Here is a 
perfect example. Laken Riley's murderer was arrested in New 
York City on charges of detaining a minor. He was released due 
to New York State's sanctuary status. He was then allowed to go 
on to Georgia, where he murdered Laken in cold blood. Last 
night, in my district, 400 miles from New York City, two 
members of Tren de Aragua gang were arrested for an ATM 
jackpotting scheme that stole more than $100,000. The suspects 
were also wanted for similar crimes throughout the state of New 
York and in your states, Mayor Johnson and Mayor Wu, for 
hundreds of thousands of dollars. Now, God only knows what else 
these dangerous gang members are responsible for. Buffalo ICE 
recently arrested an illegal from Peru who had murdered 23 
people and had the victims faces tattooed on his body. He was 
allowed to evade law enforcement for a long time due to New 
York State green light law that protected him and shielded DMV 
data from Federal law enforcement officials.
    There is no such thing as a victimless crime. Every crime 
has a victim, and these victims, they do not have a sanctuary. 
They have to live with the pain and the trauma of something 
being taken from them--their safety, their security, their 
property--and to add insult to injury, the witnesses before us 
have protected the perpetrators.
    Mayor Wu, the other day, you stunningly expressed sympathy 
for the man responsible for the knife attack, not the brave 
officer who stopped him. Where is the sympathy for the men and 
women in law enforcement trying to keep us safe?
    Ms. Wu. Congressman, check your facts.
    Mr. Langworthy. It is my time.
    Ms. Wu. Check your facts. Watch the video.
    Mr. Langworthy. It is my time.
    Ms. Wu. I did not express sympathy for that individual, but 
for their family.
    Mr. Langworthy. Where is the sympathy for the victims?
    Ms. Wu. And any individual whose life is lost----
    Mr. Langworthy. I have not asked you a question.
    Ms. Wu [continuing]. Is a tragic----
    Mr. Langworthy. It is appalling to me that we even have to 
ask for sympathy for victims instead of violent criminals, but 
here we are, and to all the mayors before us, hindsight being 
20/20 is a blessing and a curse. You cannot go back in time, 
but it should give you clarity for the future. Laken's 
murderer, Jose Ibarra, had demonstrated he was a danger to 
society. He should have been detained by ICE. I want to ask 
each of you, yes or no, do you agree that someone who 
demonstrates a willingness to harm society should be detained 
by immigration officials? Mayor Adams, yes or no?
    Mr. Adams. Within the confine and restrictions of the law, 
yes, I do.
    Mr. Langworthy. OK. Mayor Johnston?
    Mr. Johnston. If someone has committed a crime, yes, they 
should be detained, and we would help them.
    Mr. Johnson. Every violent criminal should be held 
accountable, and that is why crime is down in the city of 
Chicago because we are doing just that.
    Mr. Langworthy. Mayor Wu?
    Ms. Wu. If you commit crimes against the people of Boston, 
you will be prosecuted.
    Mr. Langworthy. Another yes or no question: has anything 
that has happened in this country in the last 3 years given you 
reason to consider removing sanctuary city status from your 
communities? Mayor Adams?
    Mr. Adams. I am clear that what we do is prevent some of 
these crimes from taking place.
    Mr. Langworthy. Mayor Johnson?
    Mr. Johnston. We think the system that we have works, and 
we will keep it.
    Mr. Johnson. Violent crime is down in Chicago because of 
Welcoming City ordinance.
    Mr. Langworthy. Have you considered removing sanctuary city 
status?
    Mr. Johnson. Well, violent crime is down in the city of 
Chicago under my leadership, and we are going to continue to do 
what we have to do to ensure that that continues.
    Mr. Langworthy. Mayor Wu?
    Ms. Wu. We are the safest major city in the country in part 
because people trust that they can call 9-1-1 and help police 
solve crimes.
    Mr. Langworthy. Have you considered removing sanctuary city 
status?
    Ms. Wu. We are going to continue to keep our policies in 
place that have been working for the people of Boston.
    Mr. Langworthy. I think you have answered the question. The 
American people are fed up with the policies that protect 
criminals, waste taxpayer dollars, and prioritize illegal 
immigrants over the safety and well-being of hardworking 
citizens. Your cities, once shining beacons of opportunity, 
have now become a symbol of failure and leadership. The time 
for excuses is over, and the American people demand that you 
take responsibility, abandon these reckless policies, and start 
putting the safety of your constituents first. And with that, I 
yield back, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back.
    Ms. Crockett. Mr. Chair, I have a unanimous consent. From 
USAFacts.org----
    Chairman Comer. Who said that?
    Ms. Crockett. ``Which states rely the most on Federal 
aid?'' The No. 3 highest proportion of Federal funding that a 
state relies upon is the state of Kentucky, your state, Mr. 
Chair.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    The Chair recognizes Ms. Simon from California.
    Ms. Simon. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you, Ranking 
Member. Mayors, it is really a pleasure to hear from you today, 
and Ms. Wu, I was able to meet your sleeping daughter outside, 
and as a mother myself, I know the care that you are taking not 
only for your own family, but for our communities. But to all 
of you, thank you for being here today for so many hours.
    Just quickly. You know, when I came to Congress, I was 
under the impression that both Members of Congress and folks 
who are in the Federal Government take heed to the history of 
this country. I would love for Members of Congress and on this 
Committee to contact the Congressional Research Service and 
look at the ordinances and the authors who created ordinances 
of sundown towns. That animus is almost mirrored with the 
conversations today about our immigrant communities. So, when 
you get in your Uber and when you talk to your nurse and when 
you go home, I want you to look in the face of the folks that 
you are disrespecting today.
    The real crisis, to me and many who study this issue for a 
career, it is a broken asylum system. Right now, 3.7 million 
folks are in this country waiting, and they have waited years. 
These folks fleeing violence for years are waiting for an 
immigration system that works. That is not the duty of these 
mayors. It is our job. It is the Federal Government's job to 
create an asylum system that honestly purports what we say on 
the base of the Statue of Liberty, and let us get that work 
done. Do not blame our mayors who are supporting young people 
and elders and bringing in Federal dollars for health care. I 
want to yield my time to the gentlelady from New York, Ms. 
Cortez.
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. I thank the Congresswoman. I would like 
to start with some questions prior to my recognized questions. 
Mayor Adams, on January 31 of 2025, your attorneys met with 
Federal prosecutors regarding the charges of bribery, campaign 
finance fraud, and conspiracy against you. Were you aware of 
this meeting prior to its occurrence?
    Mr. Adams. Congresswoman----
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. Microphone, please.
    Mr. Adams. I am sorry. As I stated to your colleagues, and 
I am going to continue to state because we are asking the same 
question over and over again----
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. This is not a question----
    Mr. Adams [continuing]. This case is in front of Judge Ho, 
and out of deference to our criminal justice----
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. I understand. Mayor Adams----
    Mr. Adams [continuing]. Process, I am going to defer this--
--
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. Mayor Adams, as your counsel, I am sure, 
will inform you, the only permissible way to refuse to answer a 
question during a congressional proceeding such as this is by 
pleading the Fifth Amendment. Deference to the judge is not a 
permissible excuse for not answering questions during a 
congressional hearing, or is it your intention to plead the 
Fifth today?
    Mr. Adams. Councilwoman [sic], you said the only way that 
you cannot answer a question is to plead the Fifth. I am 
answering your question. I am answering your question directly 
that------
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. You are not, Mayor Adams.
    Mr. Adams. OK. I believe I am.
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. I will ask it again. Were you aware of 
the meeting between your attorneys and Federal prosecutors on 
January 31? Answering this question is a yes or no.
    Mr. Adams. And I am going to answer it again. Out of 
deference to Judge Ho with this case in court now----
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. That is not an answer, Mayor Adams.
    Mr. Adams [continuing]. He is going to deal with the 
outcome of the case.
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. Mayor Adams, is it your intention to not 
comply with these questions?
    Mr. Adams. As I stated, I am answering your questions. And 
what you are doing, let us be clear on, you are asking me about 
communications between my attorney and I, and I do not think--
--
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. OK. I will move on to the next question. 
If it is about----
    Mr. Adams [continuing]. That it is inappropriate to be 
asking a question between the attorney and I because we are in 
a country of law and order.
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. I understand. So, Mayor Adams----
    Mr. Adams. And your relationship, the communications with 
your attorney should be respected.
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. Who is your attorney?
    Mr. Adams. Alex Spiro.
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. Alex Spiro. Thank you. Now, Mayor Adams, 
have your attorneys ever met with city officials? You know, I 
am not asking about your conversations with your attorneys. 
Have your attorneys met with New York city officials?
    Mr. Adams. Any communication or activity between my 
attorney and I is between my attorney and I.
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. It is a yes or no. Have your personal 
attorneys----
    Mr. Adams. You can reach out to----
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez [continuing]. Met with New York city 
officials?
    Mr. Adams [continuing]. Alex Spiro, my attorney, to deal 
with those communications.
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. Mayor Adams, in this meeting, did anyone 
representing you, including perhaps Mr. Spiro, agree or allude 
to any arrangement with the Trump Administration that would 
involve changing city policies in exchange to reconsideration 
of the charges brought against you?
    Mr. Adams. You say in this meeting? Can you be clear on 
what meeting?
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. In the January 31 meeting.
    Mr. Adams. Again, there was never any agreement, never any 
quid pro quo----
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. That is not what I am asking.
    Mr. Adams [continuing]. And I did nothing wrong. Never any 
agreement, never any quid pro quo----
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. Was there an allusion to----
    Mr. Adams [continuing]. And nothing that I have done wrong.
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez [continuing]. A shift in New York City 
policy?
    Chairman Comer. The gentlelady's time has expired, and I 
just want to remind everybody Mayor Adams is here voluntarily, 
and we appreciate that. The topic of the hearing is about our 
illegal alien problem and the drain on the cities and what the 
solution is. So, the Chair now recognizes Mr. McGuire from 
Virginia.
    Mr. McGuire. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for convening this 
important hearing, and the American people deserve answers on 
the disastrous policies of sanctuary cities. As a veteran, as a 
Navy SEAL, I hope what I am about to say is commonsense. If 
somebody saved your life on the battlefield, you would not care 
if they were pink or blue or male or female or Democrat, 
Republican, or independent. We are all people. This is not a 
race, religion, or creed thing. Our American people, we, the 
people, are being robbed, raped, and killed by these criminals 
that are coming across our border. My first question is just a 
yes or no. Do you believe someone who breaks the law is a 
criminal? Mayor Adams?
    Mr. Adams. Yes, I do.
    Mr. McGuire. Next?
    Mr. Johnston. If you have broken criminal law, yes.
    Mr. McGuire. Just a simple yes or no.
    Mr. Johnson. Did you answer?
    Mr. Johnston. Yes.
    Mr. Johnson. OK. Could you repeat your question again?
    Mr. McGuire. If you commit a crime, are you a criminal? Yes 
or no?
    Mr. Johnson. If you commit a crime, you should be held 
accountable, absolutely.
    Ms. Wu. I do not use that label. Depending on what it is, 
like a speeding ticket, for example.
    Mr. McGuire. I understand. Well, I got to tell you guys, 
thank God we have President Trump in the White House; thank God 
we have the border czar, Tom Homan; thank God we have Mike 
Johnson as a Speaker; thank God we have leader Thune in the 
Senate; and thank God we have Hegseth, Rubio, and everyone 
else. Over the last 4 years, the American people have been 
robbed, raped, and killed, and the left does not talk about 
that. They want to say that people might be scared in their 
homes. Well, what about the families whose members have been 
killed and persecuted? The border has been cleaned up in just a 
matter of weeks. Border crossings are down 97 percent in just a 
matter of weeks, and over the last 4 years, we have been 
getting lip service like we want to secure the border. Eighty 
percent of Americans believe we should secure the Southern 
border.
    We are all elected leaders, and I assume you all sought 
these positions to help your citizens improve the quality of 
life in your city. It appears to me that left-wing activists 
want to create wedges in our society and cause the mayors of 
our great cities to ignore their oath of office and to support 
rule of law. Each of you took an oath that included an oath to 
support the Constitution of the United States, correct?
    Mr. Johnson. Yes.
    Mr. Adams. Yes.
    Ms. Wu. Yes.
    Mr. McGuire. Are you aware that------
    Mr. Johnston. Correct.
    Mr. McGuire [continuing]. Article VI, Section 2 makes laws 
of the United States supreme? Notice the Supremacy Clause. Is 
everybody aware of this?
    Mr. Johnston. Yes.
    Mr. Adams. Yes.
    Mr. McGuire. I am shocked that you all as elected leaders 
flaunt violating Federal laws as if you are running a political 
campaign. We are a Nation of laws. We lose credibility as a 
Nation when we disregard or ignore the law and the people die. 
As of July 24, there are more than 660,000 illegal aliens from 
criminal backgrounds roaming the United States. It is estimated 
that the total added cost of illegal aliens nationwide is $150 
billion per year. Since the start of 2023, the Federal 
Government has spent more than $1.45 billion reimbursing local 
jurisdictions and non-governmental organizations that provide 
travel, shelter, and other service to illegal aliens.
    What about homeless veterans that are living on the street? 
What about Hurricane Helene victims that are still suffering in 
North Carolina? What about those folks that are suffering from 
the forest fires in Los Angeles? Chicago has spent over $639 
million. Denver spent over $365 million. Boston is spending 
potentially, well, about $1 billion annually, and New York City 
estimates it could potentially spend $12 billion on illegal 
aliens from 2022 through Fiscal Year 2025. If you were the 
President and you found that your cities were spending billions 
of dollars against the interest of your citizens in violation 
of the Supremacy Clause, don't you think you would have cause 
to consider withholding Federal funding, yes or no? No answer?
    Mr. Johnston. No, because we have not violated any Federal 
law.
    Mr. McGuire. Yes, you are making the taxpayers of this 
Nation foot your bill for your potential whims that you do not 
agree with is wrong, and that is getting people killed. Mayor 
Wu, in the Boston area alone, Tom Homan said there are at least 
nine accused child rapists----
    Ms. Wu. That is inaccurate.
    Mr. McGuire [continuing]. Who local authorities----
    Ms. Wu. That is false.
    Mr. McGuire. It is my time.
    Ms. Wu. That is false. I would like to see the facts on 
that.
    Mr. McGuire. Who local authorities refuse to turn over to 
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
    Ms. Wu. Again, put him under oath and ask the question 
here.
    Mr. McGuire. How could you do that to your citizens? It 
sounds like you care more about your politics than the safety 
of your citizens. Imagine the parents of those children abused 
by someone you all released into society.
    Ms. Wu. Congressman, our safety statistics----
    Mr. McGuire. It could have been prevented.
    Ms. Wu [continuing]. Are the lowest in the country, lower 
than your district.
    Mr. McGuire. In my district, a little girl aged 14 was 
raped by an illegal alien. He was released from jail four times 
because you guys on the left, you believe that criminals are 
good, police are bad, and no one cares about the victims. This 
horrific crime was avoidable, but it was sanctuary policies 
like yours that allowed the offender to travel to the U.S. and 
end up in my district, and with that, I yield.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields. The Chair recognizes 
Mr. Min from California.
    Mr. Min. Thank you, Mr. Chair. I want to take a moment just 
to note that, once again, this Committee is failing to do its 
job and actually exercise oversight in the way it should. My 
phones are ringing off the hook with people who are angry as 
hell about what they see as the rampant corruption of this 
Administration, the illegal activities of Elon Musk and DOGE, 
and the massive cuts to Medicaid that Republicans voted for 
last week. Literally, not one person has called to ask about 
the immigration enforcement priorities of the cities I 
represent, let alone Boston or Chicago. This hearing is an 
attempt to distract from the actual waste, fraud, corruption, 
and abuse that is happening at unprecedented levels in this 
country right now.
    So, thank you to the witnesses. I want to start off with a 
few simple yes/no questions for you all. First, please raise 
your hand, for the mayors, if you are aware of any laws or 
policies that prevent Federal authorities from enforcing 
immigration in your city.
    [No response.]
    Mr. Min. OK. No hands are raised. Please raise your hand if 
you are aware of any cities or states in America that have laws 
or policies that prevent Federal authorities from enforcing 
immigration law. Any cities or states?
    [No response.]
    Mr. Min. OK. I just want to note for the record again there 
are no hands up, and as your answers make clear, this whole 
sanctuary city ``debate'' is a sham. There is no place in 
America, not one, that actually provides sanctuary from Federal 
law, period. The real issue here is whether state and local 
governments should spend scarce taxpayer dollars to help the 
Federal Government enforce its immigration priorities, whether 
local police should spend their time focused on their actual 
jobs keeping our streets safe, apprehending violent criminals, 
solving crimes, or whether they should be deputized to help 
enforce Federal immigration laws. And a lot of cities and 
states, including my state of California, have made the very 
reasonable decision to say, hey, we want our teachers, nurses, 
doctors, cops, firefighters to focus on their actual jobs and 
not be dragged into this Republican war on immigrants. And let 
us be clear. The Republican immigration policies being pushed 
forward right now are counterproductive and will make us far 
less safe, something several of our mayors pointed out in their 
testimony.
    Look, I support a 100 percent ban on all illegal border 
crossings, but the reality is we already have over 10 million 
people here in this country without proper immigration status, 
many of whom have been here for decades. And if you have ICE 
agents patrolling our courthouses, police stations, and 
hospitals, that means that those undocumented immigrants are 
not going to go anywhere, but they are going to stop reporting 
crimes or seeking medical care, and this makes us all less safe 
from the rapists and murderers out there.
    Now, recently, my Orange County Sheriff, Don Barnes, a 
staunch conservative, issued a statement outlining his position 
on immigration enforcement, and here is what he stated, ``The 
Orange County Sheriff's Department does not enforce Federal 
immigration law. It is not part of our primary mission, and we 
remain focused on violations of state and local laws. The 
department will provide for your safety and respond to your 
calls for service regardless of your immigration status. We do 
not and never will ask the immigration status of victims, 
witnesses, suspects, or those who call to report crimes. We 
enforce state and local laws equally without bias and without 
concern for your citizenship.''
    Now, I actually think this is a pretty good summary of what 
each of you are describing happens in your cities, a situation 
where the Federal Government enforces immigration law while 
states and local authorities enforce state and local laws, and 
it makes a lot of sense. I do not know what my colleagues on 
the other side think, but I do not want my police focused on 
immigration status and asking people about that. I want them 
focused on preventing violent crimes.
    But with that, I want to shift gears to address Mayor Eric 
Adams. Mayor, as has been well discussed in this Committee, you 
are the first sitting mayor in modern New York City history to 
be indicted while in office. Last year, of course, you were 
charged with numerous felony counts for soliciting and 
accepting bribes for nearly a decade from foreign nationals, 
businessmen, and others, including illegal campaign 
contributions and luxury travel. On February 10 of this year, 
the Trump Justice Department instructed Federal prosecutors to 
drop charges against you. This decision caused seven Federal 
prosecutors, including a Trump appointee, to resign because 
they believed this was such an enormous miscarriage of the rule 
of law and law enforcement.
    Now, as some of my colleagues have pointed out, this was 
widely reported as a quid pro quo. I know you have denied that. 
I know you are probably limited in what you can say. But a lot 
of people out there, including a lot of people in New York City 
that I know, believe that these charges were dropped in 
exchange for a quid pro quo for your agreement to help the 
Trump Administration enforce its immigration policies. So, my 
question for you, Mayor Adams, is actually a very simple one. 
It is clear that whatever your intentions, whatever actions you 
take whether on immigration or anything else, you do not enjoy 
the trust and confidence of the people of New York City. And my 
question is, why haven't you not resigned yet, and do you plan 
to resign today or anytime soon?
    Mr. Adams. I am really surprised after you laid out your 
strong belief in the country----
    Mr. Min. It is a yes/no question.
    Mr. Adams [continuing]. And what we stand for, that you are 
asking to take----
    Mr. Min. Why have you not resigned yet, Mayor Adams?
    Mr. Adams [continuing]. Away the power of the people.
    Mr. Min. Why have you not resigned yet?
    Mr. Adams. The people of the city elected me to be the 
Mayor.
    Mr. Min. It is not a question against your lawyers. Why 
have you not resigned yet? Please answer the question.
    Mr. Adams. And you should not be hypocrite and ask the 
people of the city's power to be usurped for them.
    Mr. Min. Why have you not resigned yet, and do you intend 
to resign anytime soon?
    Mr. Adams. I was elected by the people of the city, and you 
do not----
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman's time has expired. The 
gentleman's time has expired. The Chair recognizes Mr. Jack 
from Georgia.
    Mr. Jack. Mr. Chairman, thank you for convening this 
hearing, and I would like to begin by offering some thoughts 
about our colleague from Texas, Congressman Sylvester Turner, 
who sadly just passed away.
    As some of you may know, Congressman Turner was a former 
two-term Mayor of Houston, and as our witnesses can no doubt 
attest, being the Mayor of a big city is not easy. Congressman 
Turner was a member of our freshman class, and his office is 
right next to mine in the Longworth House Office Building. And 
as such, I had an opportunity to walk with him to and from 
votes, found him to be an incredible gentleman with respect and 
courtesy. My colleagues across the aisle, particularly the 
freshmen, knew Congressman Turner better than I, so I certainly 
yield to them on this topic, but I wanted to at least mention 
my own thoughts for the record.
    Now to the topic of today's hearing. I prepared for today's 
hearing by chatting with some of the mayors from my district, 
from those who represent just a few hundred to those who 
represent a few thousand, and I found a common theme of 
frustration. They, along with me and many other constituents I 
proudly represent in Georgia's 3rd Congressional District, want 
to know why policies are in place that benefit citizens of 
other countries at the expense of citizens of our own country.
    So, if I could, Mayor Johnston, I would like to start with 
you, from Denver. I know Chairman Comer in his opening line of 
questioning discussed an ordinance passed by the Denver City 
Council in 2017, and I recognize you had just left the State 
Senate by then, but this ordinance prohibits city and county 
employees from assisting the enforcement of Federal laws or 
inquiring about a person's immigration status. So, I just have 
to ask, do you see a benefit in learning whether or not someone 
charged with a crime is a citizen of another country?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Congressman. I do just want to say 
Mayor Turner hosted me in Houston when I first became Mayor, so 
that is a powerful statement for me. Thank you for 
acknowledging it. Thank you, sir. We do not ask someone's 
status when we first contact them because it is not relevant 
for whatever charges we may be pursuing. They may list their 
country of origin on a document that we ask for. It does not 
indicate their immigration status. They could have legal status 
but be from another country.
    Mr. Jack. Thanks. Mayor Johnson of Chicago, do you see a 
benefit in asking someone charged with a crime whether or not 
they are a citizen of our country?
    Mr. Johnson. The benefit of community safety is trust 
between local residents and law enforcement, and that 
relationship is critical to driving violence down. Under my 
leadership, violence has gone down in the city of Chicago.
    Mr. Jack. And, Mayor Johnson, if I can ask, have you ever 
disciplined, fired, or arrested law enforcement officers or 
correction officers if they notified ICE or other Federal 
immigration officers of an illegal criminal alien in lock up 
reports in violation of your sanctuary city policies? Have you 
ever disciplined, fired, or arrested a law enforcement officer 
that worked with ICE?
    Mr. Johnson. I do not believe that is under the 
jurisdiction of the Mayor. I do not arrest people or----
    Mr. Jack. Are there issued memos in which you direct 
Chicago officers from not assisting with enforcement and 
immigration law or, you know, helping ICE identify folks who 
may not be here legally?
    Mr. Johnson. We do have documentation around making sure 
that the residents of the city of Chicago know their rights. 
That is important because it builds trust between law 
enforcement and community. By having that confidence and trust, 
people are more likely to come forward to report violent crime 
regardless of their immigration status.
    Mr. Jack. Well, I have to submit to the record, Mr. 
Chairman, an article from NewsNationNow, January 21, 2025, in 
which it says, ``Chicago Police Reminded They Cannot Cooperate 
with Deportations,'' and if I may ask, Mayor, are there any 
memos----
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Mr. Jack. Thank you. Are there any memos that direct 
Chicago police ``do not cooperate with President Trump's 
deportation plans?''
    Mr. Johnson. We are not Federal agents, so local law 
enforcement in the city of Chicago, they do not dub as Federal 
agents.
    Mr. Jack. But that having been said, from your mayoral 
office, have you ever issued memos to the police department 
instructing them not to cooperate with President Trump?
    Mr. Johnson. We remind people of what the Welcoming City 
ordinance entails.
    Mr. Jack. Would you submit to the Committee any written 
documentation to the Chicago Police Department as it relates to 
this?
    Mr. Johnson. For the Welcoming City ordinance, we are happy 
to make sure that this body has that ordinance, and that policy 
has been around for 40 years.
    Mr. Jack. Thank you very much.
    Mayor Wu, back to my line of questioning with Mayor 
Johnston and Johnson, do you believe that if you are asking 
someone who has been charged with a crime whether or not they 
are here in our country legally, is that a proper and a 
beneficial thing to do?
    Ms. Wu. The laws of Massachusetts and the Boston Trust Act 
help Boston police solve crimes. We do not ask for immigration 
status because it allows for people to trust that when they 
call 9-1-1, when they have information that might help bring 
justice to another family, that they feel comfortable sharing 
that.
    Mr. Jack. Thank you. And Mayor Adams, in closing
    -obviously, you know police very well--do you see a benefit 
in asking folks who have been charged with a crime whether or 
not they are a legal citizen?
    Mr. Adams. Yes, I do.
    Mr. Jack. With that, Mr. Chairman, I yield back. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Ms. Gillen.
    Ms. Gillen. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I think one thing 
everybody seems to agree on here is that our immigration system 
is broken and desperately needs to be fixed. And I ask my 
colleagues on the other side of the aisle to work together with 
us to fix our broken immigration system, to fix our broken 
asylum system, which is not fixed by firing the top immigration 
judges who can actually help us fix this problem, but my focus 
here today is the effect on my constituents on Long Island.
    Every day my constituents are dealing with the effects of 
the failure to secure our border and the influx of more than 
670,000 migrants who have come into the state and New York City 
putting a strain on our schools, on public safety and law 
enforcement, and local governments. Mayor Adams, you said your 
top priority is to keep New Yorkers safe, but under your watch, 
the exact opposite has happened. Instead of effectively 
governing our city, your policies have compounded this crisis.
    New York has housed migrants in the Roosevelt Hotel for 
nearly 2 years, not only giving them food and shelter, but also 
debit cards. In New York, taxpayers have paid about, as you 
acknowledge, $7 billion to respond to this crisis. That figure 
is outrageous. And now, instead of stopping the bleeding, you 
are going back and asking the taxpayers of New York to spend 
another billion dollars on this crisis. While you focused on 
your own personal problems, crime has skyrocketed in New York, 
increasing 20 percent since you took office in 2021.
    An AP poll has said that the majority of Americans agree 
that undocumented people who commit violent crimes should be 
deported, including 79 percent of Democrats, but what have you 
done? I was astounded to hear that ICE was prevented, even if 
they knew there were gang members in the Roosevelt Hotel, from 
actually doing anything to get those gang members out of there. 
Mayor Adams, what have you done, and what is your answer to the 
taxpayers of New York for the money that has been spent on this 
crisis?
    Mr. Adams. You raise several things, and there is a level 
of inaccuracy in some of the stuff you raise, and you look at 
our crime numbers. I am not sure where you got those from, but 
we could give you an accurate account of our crime numbers. 
Crime has continued to drop since I have been the Mayor of the 
city. We have moved over 20,000 illegal guns off our street, 
and although we had 230,000 migrants and asylum seekers that 
came to our door, 189,000 were able to go on to the next step 
of their journey.
    We managed a crisis. Congress makes our immigration 
policies, not mayors. I managed a crisis that was dropped at my 
door, and I continue to do that every day, and I am proud of 
what my team did coming out of COVID and managing this crisis 
as well. Our city has more private sector jobs in the history 
of the city, our bond rate has increased and stabilized, our 
city is functioning, and we are going to continue to do the job 
that I was elected to do.
    Ms. Gillen. So, spending $8 billion is a good job? Mayor 
Adams, what you said today has given me no confidence in your 
ability to continue to serve and lead our city.
    Mr. Adams. But you do not live in New York City.
    Ms. Gillen. You have proven that you are unfit--to serve 
as----
    Mr. Adams. You live on Long Island. You do not vote for me.
    Ms. Gillen [continuing]. Mayor, and you should resign, and 
I said that before you made your deal with Donald Trump.
    Mr. Adams. Thank God you do not live in New York City. You 
live on Long Island. People of the city elect----
    Ms. Gillen. But the problems of New York City affect my 
constituents who work----
    Mr. Adams. People of New York City elect----
    Ms. Gillen [continuing]. In Manhattan, whose kids live in 
Manhattan, who go to the doctor in Manhattan. Everything that 
happens in Manhattan affects my constituents, Mayor. I yield 
back.
    Mr. Connolly. Would the gentlelady yield to me, please? I 
thank the gentlelady. My question, Mr. Bier, we have heard a 
lot about crime. So, the overwhelming majority of crime in the 
United States is committed by undocumented individuals whose 
immigration status is dubious. Is that correct?
    Mr. Bier. No, that is not correct at all. The overwhelming 
majority of crime is committed by U.S.-born Americans.
    Mr. Connolly. So, if I wanted to demonize naturally born 
Americans, I could cherry pick crime rates from that 
population, and demonize them and dramatize that and use it to 
smear an entire subgroup in the population, in this case, a 
majority group. Is that correct?
    Mr. Bier. Oh, absolutely. You could look at people with 
driver's licenses and say, man, they are committing a lot of 
crime. We should stop issuing driver's licenses to people.
    Mr. Connolly. Right. I think that is really the sham and 
the shame of what people are doing in terms of political 
exploitation of a population this country needs if we are going 
to grow and protect the social safety net for the future. Thank 
you.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Ms. Greene from 
Georgia.
    Ms. Greene. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you for coming 
before our Committee today.
    In the past 4 years, our Nation has been invaded by 
millions and millions of people who have crossed our border. 
There are also millions of what is called known got-aways. 
These are people that our government has no idea where they 
came from, who they are, what they are going to do in our 
country. And many of these known got-aways could be criminals. 
They could be part of the narco cartels. They could be 
terrorists. We do not know who they are, and there are millions 
of them here. This country has also been the victim of 
fentanyl. This is a dangerous chemical that comes from China, 
is made into pressed pills in Mexico and Canada, and illegally 
distributed into our country by the cartels. On average, 200 to 
300 Americans die every single day from fentanyl. Not die, they 
are murdered. They are murdered.
    Americans have also been victims of all types of illegal 
alien crimes. One family in particular, Laken Riley's family, I 
know them personally, and her death was absolutely horrific. 
Jose Ibarra entered the United States illegally on September 8, 
2022, near El Paso, Texas, with his wife and son. He was 
detained by the U.S. Border Patrol but soon released due to 
overcrowding at detention facilities. After his release, he was 
transported to New York City, arriving around September 15, 
2022. The following summer, he was arrested by New York Police 
Department and charged with acting in a manner to injure a 
child--injure a child--and a driver's license violation. Before 
an immigration detainer could be issued, NYPD released Ibarra. 
According to ICE, he later, after this release, moved to 
Athens, Georgia, where he was cited for a misdemeanor for 
shoplifting in 2023. This guy got arrested multiple times, he 
was stopped at the border, but he was continually released. 
Just a few months later, he brutally murdered Laken Riley.
    Mayor Adams, do you agree that Laken Riley would still be 
alive today if New York Police Department had not released Jose 
Ibarra after they arrested him?
    Mr. Adams. A despicable crime, and as a former law 
enforcement officer, I respond to these crimes as the Mayor as 
well, and I believe people like that should be held 
accountable. And I have advocated to stop this revolving door 
criminal justice systems like him to come out and hurt innocent 
people. I wish we would have had the power to prevent that from 
happening.
    Ms. Greene. Mayor Adams, will you continue sanctuary city 
policies in your city?
    Mr. Adams. That policy is by law. I do not make the law. I 
must operate within the confines of the Constitution and the 
law.
    Ms. Greene. Mayor Adams, will you advocate to get rid of 
sanctuary city policies in the city of New York?
    Mr. Adams. I have made it clear on a portion of the 
sanctuary city policies that I believe we need to alter to 
prevent crimes like this from taking place.
    Ms. Greene. Federal law under 8 U.S.C. 1324 makes it a 
crime to knowingly harbor and shield illegal aliens from 
detection, but your cities refuse to work with ICE detainers to 
help them find these criminals. I will go one at a time. Mayor 
Adams, will you work with ICE in New York City? Yes or no.
    Mr. Adams. ICE is part of our criminal justice apparatus, 
and I will work with my city, state and Federal agencies to 
keep our city safe no matter who they are.
    Ms. Greene. Mayor Johnston, will you work with ICE to 
protect your city?
    Mr. Johnston. We do work with ICE right now, Congresswoman. 
When they send us information about someone they would like 
access to, we send them notice when and where we will release 
them, and they can pick them up. We have done that 1,226 times. 
We will keep doing it.
    Ms. Greene. Will you end sanctuary city policies?
    Mr. Johnston. We think the policies that we have right now 
allow us to work with ICE and to stop crime, and we will keep 
doing that.
    Ms. Greene. Mayor Johnson, will you work with ICE?
    Mr. Johnson. Our local law enforcement, Chicago Police 
Department, we work with Federal agents on a variety of issues, 
drug trafficking, sex trafficking, getting guns off the street, 
and we will continue to work with Federal agencies.
    Ms. Greene. Will you stop harboring illegal aliens? Will 
you end sanctuary city policies?
    Mr. Johnson. So, the city of Chicago, we do not harbor 
criminals. We do not harbor undocumented individuals. We comply 
with all laws.
    Ms. Greene. Mayor Wu, will you work with ICE to protect 
Americans, legal Americans, in your city and end sanctuary 
policies?
    Ms. Wu. The Boston police work with ICE and Federal 
agencies every single day on criminal matters and hold people 
who are committing crimes accountable.
    Ms. Greene. Chairman, if I may, I would like to enter for 
the record, according to the U.S. Constitution, giving aid and 
comfort to the enemies of the United States is an act of 
treason, and those that violate that should be held 
accountable.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Greene. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair now recognizes Ms. Ocasio-Cortez.
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. Thank you, Chairman. Now, Mayor Adams, 
are you aware that the former acting U.S. Attorney, Danielle 
Sassoon, was present at the January 31 meeting between your 
lawyers and Federal prosecutors?
    Mr. Adams. As I stated, and Congresswoman, you appear to 
want to ask the question over and over again. I could only give 
you----
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. No, these are very different questions.
    Mr. Adams [continuing]. The appropriate question over and 
over and over again that----
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. OK. I understand.
    Mr. Adams [continuing]. This case is under Judge Ho----
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. Mayor Adams, you are not answering this 
question because you believe you will incriminate yourself?
    Mr. Adams [continuing]. And Judge Ho will be able to 
respond to the movement of this case.
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. I understand.
    Mr. Adams. In deference to him, I would like to have him 
handle it.
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. Mr. Chairman, I would like submit to the 
Congressional Record Danielle Sassoon's resignation letter from 
the U.S. Attorney.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. Thank you so much. In her letter, the 
former acting U.S. Attorney, a registered Republican, a former 
clerk for Antonin Scalia, who was appointed by President Trump 
to serve as acting U.S. Attorney, was present at the January 31 
meeting between Mayor Adams' attorneys and Federal prosecutors. 
After that meeting with attorneys, the acting U.S. Attorney 
resigned rather than dismiss the charges against Mr. Adams. In 
her letter, which I have just submitted to the Congressional 
Record, Ms. Sassoon stated that during that January 31 meeting, 
Mayor Adams's attorneys ``repeatedly urged what amounted to a 
quid pro quo,'' describing it as an ``improper offer of 
immigration enforcement assistance in exchange for a dismissal 
of his case.'' The former acting U.S. Attorney has submitted a 
letter, and, Mayor Adams, do you know how many Federal 
prosecutors, total, resigned rather than file the motion to 
drop the charges?
    Mr. Adams. It was reported that seven?
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. Seven, correct. Mr. Chair, I would like 
to submit another letter from Hagan Scotten, his resignation 
letter.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Ocasio-Cortez. Mr. Scott was an assistant U.S. Attorney 
who also attended the January 31 meeting between your attorneys 
and Federal prosecutors. He also resigned rather than drop the 
charges. In his resignation letter, he stated, ``Our laws and 
traditions do not allow using the prosecutorial power to 
influence other citizens, much less elected officials.'' Seven 
Federal prosecutors, the acting U.S. Attorney, the assistant 
U.S. Attorney, all gave up their entire careers, Republicans 
included, than drop these charges because of what they saw 
transpire in that January 31 meeting. This is important not 
just for the city of New York, but for the people of the United 
States of America because what is being alleged is genuinely 
not just about what may or may not have occurred from the 
Mayor's office and with the Mayor, but what is happening at the 
Department of Justice, and that is what I want everyone to 
understand.
    These are not Democratic U.S. Attorneys. These are 
Republican U.S. Attorneys that have trained under Republican-
appointed Supreme Court justices, who have stated and suggested 
as well that the prosecutorial power at the Department of 
Justice may be influencing what is occurring, and instead of 
carrying that out and carrying out the erosion at the 
Department of Justice, they would have preferred to give up 
their entire careers. Seven lifelong public servants involved 
in law enforcement, mind you.
    And to that, and when it comes to the fact that this may or 
may not have anything to do with this hearing, respectfully, 
Mr. Chairman, this is about specifically immigration 
enforcement in terms of that. And this right here is the four-
alarm fire that everyone must be paying attention to because if 
it is not just in the Mayor's Office of New York City, what 
other city, what other individual, what other municipality 
leader can be next? For a party that talks about states' rights 
and municipal rights, we must defend, yes, the rule of law, 
including in the Department of Justice, and with that, I yield 
back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentlelady yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Mr. LaHood from Illinois.
    Mr. LaHood. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you for 
allowing me the opportunity to waive on to this important 
Committee hearing today. I want to thank the witnesses.
    I represent a district right outside of Chicago, the 
outskirts of Chicago, representing Rockford, Bloomington/
Normal, Peoria. And I want to thank you, Mr. Chairman, for 
having this hearing. It is past time that individuals like the 
mayors we have before us come before us and explain to the 
American people why you continue to fail to enforce the laws of 
our country and allow illegal immigrants to flood into our 
communities. And it is clear to me that sanctuary city policies 
have significantly harmed our once great cities, which is very, 
very unfortunate. During my time as an elected official, I have 
strongly condemned the policy around sanctuary cities and the 
impact it has had on the state of Illinois. And I believe every 
sensible resident in Illinois knows these policies have further 
harmed the economy in Illinois, increased crime throughout our 
state, and endangered hardworking, law abiding Illinois 
citizens.
    I want to turn my attention to you, Mayor Brandon Johnson 
of Chicago. As I have watched you over the last 2 years that 
you have been Mayor, I have been amazed at how tone deaf you 
have been and how oblivious you have been to the decline of 
Chicago. And I say that looking objectively at a number of 
things, out-of-control crime in Chicago, people scared 
throughout neighborhoods on the West Side, South Side, North 
Side. Morale has never been lower with law enforcement and CPD, 
a record number of police officers leaving the force. We have 
been hemorrhaging people out of the city of Chicago to the 
suburbs and elsewhere where they feel safe, a record number of 
businesses fleeing the city of Chicago.
    You couple that with record deficits, $2 billion dollar 
deficit line of credit that you just had to take out this week, 
but you have spent $300 million of taxpayer money on illegal 
immigrants. And when I think about all of those things and I 
look at the strategy you continue to take, I mean, you are 
putting the interest of illegal immigrants above the interest 
of taxpayers in Chicago. But you continue to go down this path, 
and for the life of me, I cannot understand it. So, Mayor, tell 
me why you continue to put the interest of illegal immigrants 
above taxpayers in Chicago?
    Mr. Johnson. Thank you for your representation. Violent 
crime is down in Chicago.
    Mr. LaHood. Well, let me reclaim my time. So, I have a 
statistic here. Last year, Chicago had 573 murders.
    Mr. Johnson. Down.
    Mr. LaHood. OK. But I want to compare that to the city of 
New York that is almost two-thirds the size of Chicago, 337 
murders. So, you had 573 murders in the city of Chicago and you 
are one-third the size.
    Mr. Johnson. That is the lowest amount in 5 years under my 
leadership.
    Mr. LaHood. OK. And you look at the level of violent 
criminals, sexual offenses, and drug dealers----
    Mr. Johnson. All violent crime is down in Chicago. In fact, 
just this year alone, Congressman, respectfully, there is a 20-
percent decrease in violent crime in the city of Chicago under 
my----
    Mr. LaHood. I do not agree with your statistics. Now----
    Mr. Johnson. Well, it is not a matter of whether or not you 
agree with it. It is a matter of whether it is correct.
    Mr. LaHood. Let me reclaim my time because I thought you 
might do this, and when I hear your answer, no one in this room 
should be surprised that your approval rating is 6.6 percent. 
Now, that is not just me saying this. Newsweek article, the 
least popular politician in America is Brandon Johnson. So, ``a 
recent poll M3 Strategies conducted this February 20 to 21 
showed that Mayor Johnson has a 6.6 percent approval rating, 
the worst showing of any political figure in the country's 
history.'' So, I know you are talking about crime is down and 
things are great and, you know, the city is flush with money. 
None of that is backed up by the people in the city of Chicago. 
And so, I am wondering why you continue to go down this path of 
failed policies, destruction to the city of Chicago, people 
fleeing, law enforcement at an all-time low. And I am wondering 
if you have any remorse for that here today, and can tell us 
why you continue to double down on these failed policies.
    Mr. Johnson. We have invested $1.25 billion for housing and 
economic development, particularly for Black Chicago. It is the 
largest investment in the history of Chicago, 45-percent 
increase in youth employment, particularly for Black and Brown 
children. I will not apologize for my investments in the people 
of Chicago. We have one of the most diverse economies, the top 
universities. As violence continues to go down and investments 
continue to go up, that is what is most important. We have 
opened up three mental health clinics, the first Black mayor in 
the history of Chicago to actually invest in----
    Mr. LaHood. Mr. Major, I am going to reclaim my time.
    Mr. Johnson [continuing]. Public health, and I will 
continue make those investments.
    Mr. LaHood. Your approval rating speaks volumes, 6.6 
percent.
    Mr. Johnson. Well, the people approve of my investments, 
and I will continue to make those investments. Thank you very 
much.
    Mr. LaHood. You are going the wrong direction. You need to 
reverse your policies on sanctuary cities. That is what the 
election results were last year. Crime and immigration----
    Mr. Johnson. Is down in Chicago.
    Mr. LaHood [continuing]. Were the No. 1 issue in the 
election from Republicans, Democrats----
    Mr. Connolly. Chairman, the gentleman's time has expired.
    Mr. Johnson. We could use your help to actually help us 
continue to invest in these programs that continue to drive 
violence down in the city of Chicago, and I am willing to work 
with you. And I am glad I had a chance to finally meet you for 
the first time.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman's time has expired. The Chair 
recognizes Mr. Davis from Illinois.
    Mr. Davis. Well, thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, and I 
also want to thank you and Ranking Member Connolly.
    Mr. Connolly. If the gentleman could speak into the 
microphone so we can hear him.
    Mr. Davis. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. I also want 
to thank you and Ranking Member Connolly for letting me 
participate in today's hearing. I also want to thank all of the 
witnesses. I served sometime as a city councilman, so I know 
what it looks like to be mayor and what happens. Thank you for 
your service. As a proud Chicagoan, I stand in support of our 
city's locally elected leaders, namely Mayor Brandon Johnson, 
who could be back home serving the residents of Chicago but 
instead is here before us today preserving and protecting the 
sovereignty of the city of Chicago as a welcoming and humane 
city.
    At a time when immigrants are being blanketly labeled as 
criminals and targeted haphazardly to field the Trump-Musk 
Administration's PR-orientated deportation stunt, I am proud 
that since the enactment of the Illinois Trust Act in 2017, the 
state of Illinois, Cook County, and the city of Chicago have 
maintained an ongoing commitment to welcoming those in need, 
including those that have endured persecution abroad and 
pressed their way across borders looking and longing for a 
better life for themselves and their families. I think we all 
agree that immigration has long played an integral role in the 
development of American society, culture, and its economy. In 
recognition of such, the city of Chicago is holding true to its 
values. As Mayor Johnson has stated on several occasions that 
Chicago ``will remain a welcoming city'' despite recent and 
repeated threats and attempts of coercion from the current 
Administration to do otherwise.
    Likewise, H.R. 32, the supposed No Bailout for Sanctuary 
Cities Act that undergirds today's hearing, is drafted in the 
same threatening, intrusive, and non-constructive manner, as 
the measure unfairly calls for welcoming jurisdictions to be 
stripped of Federal funding that we just heard often goes 
toward supporting critical public safety initiatives and local 
programming needs. In fact, I would contend that the bill, as 
drafted, infringes on the constitutional balance of power 
between states and the Federal Government and will cause more 
harm than help if enacted.
    So, Mr. Mayor Johnson of Chicago, the Windy City, the city 
of the Big Shoulders, would you share with this Committee what 
principles and concepts guide your thoughts and actions as you 
go about your task of being Mayor for all of these people in 
Chicago?
    Mr. Johnson. Thank you very much, Congressman Davis, for 
your leadership, and it is good to see my neighbor here today. 
You know, look, the city of Chicago, we reflect and we 
represent the best part of America. It is a diverse city, 
again, a city that was established by a Black Haitian immigrant 
and a Potawatomi woman, a city that has invited immigrants from 
around the world, a city that was built by the formerly 
enslaved, my ancestors. And it is a very proud moment to not 
only represent the city of Chicago, but it is my honor.
    What we have experienced over the last 20 months since I 
have been in office, first of all, the city of Chicago is 
safer. Violent crime has gone down in the city of Chicago by 
over 20 percent just this year alone. We have invested in 
housing. We have invested in mental health care. We have 
invested in youth employment. We have invested in our overall 
community safety plan, 200 more detectives to solve crime. We 
are headed in the right direction, and I am grateful for your 
leadership, and I will look for this body to continue to 
support these efforts for all of our cities. Thank you.
    Mr. Davis. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. Thank you. The Chair recognizes Mr. Evans 
from Colorado.
    Mr. Evans. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and Ranking Member for 
allowing me to waive on to this Committee. And of course, thank 
you to the witnesses for taking the time to come and have this 
conversation.
    So, Denver Mayor Johnston, I am a Colorado native, grew up 
in and around the Denver Metro area, also Latino, grandson of 
an immigrant from Mexico, and I also served for 12 years in the 
U.S. Army, Colorado Army National Guard, and in the Denver 
Metro area for another 10 years as a police officer. And 
unfortunately, as a Denver Metro area police officer, I have 
seen firsthand how public safety in Colorado and in Denver is 
plummeting. When I started my law enforcement career, Colorado 
was ranked 31st in the Nation for our crime rate. We were 
ranked 3rd in the Nation last year. Denver, 6 years ago, in 
2019, they did not even make the top 50 most dangerous cities 
in the country list. This year, in 2024, 2025, U.S. News & 
World Report ranks Denver as the 10th most dangerous city in 
the country.
    Denver has twice the homicide rate as San Francisco. We 
have lost more than 7,000 Coloradans to illegal drug overdose 
deaths since 2020, with a significant percentage of that coming 
from illegal drugs like fentanyl. And we know from criminal 
intelligence that in the Denver, Colorado area, almost all of 
that fentanyl is being trafficked by illegal transnational 
criminal organizations, the Jalisco Cartel and the Sinaloa 
Cartel. We have seen a massive increase. This is just a recent 
headline. We have seen an increase in tusi, which is the drug 
of choice of Tren de Aragua in the Denver Metro area. And we 
have seen headlines that show that overdose deaths in the 
Denver Metro area remain stubbornly flat, despite falling in 
pretty much everywhere around the country. In terms of violent 
crimes, Denver has had over 6,400 violent crimes, so that is 
including things like 689 sexual assaults, over 1,200 
robberies, over 4,400 aggravated assaults, and, again, 
depending on which data base you look at, anywhere from 65 to 
71 homicides, again, double the homicide rate of San Francisco.
    So, the first question to you is, for those homicides, do 
you know how many of those were committed by people illegally 
present in the country?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Congressman, and happy to answer 
that because I think you may have some bad facts. I am happy to 
clarify them for you. In terms of what is happening in Denver 
right now, as we know, crime is down in Denver from last year 
to this----
    Mr. Evans. Reclaiming my time, Mayor. Do you know----
    Mr. Johnston. I do want to answer the question you phrased.
    Mr. Evans. Reclaiming my time. Do you know how many of 
those 65 to 71 homicides were committed by people illegally 
present in the country? And I am happy to show all of the 
sources for my facts.
    Mr. Johnston. We do not ask anyone's status at point of 
arrest. We do not know someone's status, and when they charge, 
when we arrest them----
    [Posters]
    Mr. Evans. Thank you. Thank you for the answer, Mr. Mayor. 
And I am glad you have brought that up because as you can see 
displayed here, we actually have a training bulletin to the 
Denver Police Department, dated January of this year, which 
pretty much says what you just said, which is that Denver 
Police Department is prohibited from asking for any information 
about the national origin, immigration, or citizenship status 
of any individual. And that is a problem because of the second 
item that we are going to display here, which is the standard 
FBI fingerprint card, something that I filled out for over a 
decade when I was a police officer, which has those items as 
mandatory fields, location of birth and then the citizenship.
    And so, I have heard, being a cop in the Denver Metro area, 
that police officers in Denver are being told not to fill out 
those mandatory fields in the FBI fingerprint card, which could 
potentially indicate why you are unsure of how many of these 
crimes are being committed by illegal immigrants in your city. 
So, the second question is, will you allow Denver police 
officers to fill out all of the information on an FBI 
fingerprint card to including asking for and recording the 
citizenship status?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Congressman. Right now, under city 
ordinance, we do not ask someone's status at point of contact, 
and that does not prejudice in any way our prosecution. We 
believe it does not matter where someone is from, which crime 
they have committed.
    Mr. Evans. Thank you, Mr. Mayor.
    Mr. Johnston. We are going to charge them aggressively 
regardless.
    Mr. Evans. So, you are not filling out the FBI fingerprint 
card as required.
    Mr. Johnston. Right now, we are filling out information 
when folks arrive, and none of that information prevents us 
from prosecuting them to the full extent of the law, which is 
what we do.
    Mr. Evans. Thank you, Mr. Mayor. So, not filling out the 
FBI fingerprint card, which would directly contradict your 
statement that you want people who are illegally present in the 
country and committing crimes to be held to account for those 
crimes. And I think that the statistics that we have gone 
through in the space of crime show why Denver is specifically 
cratering in their public safety statistics as compared to 
major cities around the country.
    Mr. Johnston. It is actually false.
    Mr. Evans. I can show you my statistics. And as a police 
officer, I am here to make sure that we are uplifting the 
voices of the victims of these crimes who are being taken 
advantage of in communities that provide sanctuary to 
dangerous, illegal criminal gangs like Tren de Aragua, which 
your jail released just last week, we talked about, somebody 
back into the community. We must take care of our victims. I 
brought legislation the UPLIFT Act to focus on this. We are 
here to protect the victims, and, Mayor, I would ask you to 
join me in that.
    Mr. Johnston. We have already done that.
    Mr. Evans. I yield back.
    Mr. Johnston. And we will keep doing that. Thank you. I am 
happy to answer.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Mr. Crank from 
Colorado.
    Mr. Connolly. Mr. Chairman?
    Chairman Comer. One moment.
    Mr. Connolly. Just a quick UC. I would ask unanimous 
consent to enter in the record an NPR article, entitled, 
``Criminal Records of January 6 Rioters Pardoned by Trump 
Include Rape, Domestic Violence,'' and I would also ask the 
correspondence between a number of us and the new Attorney 
General, Pamela Bondi, be entered into the record at this 
point.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection so ordered.
    Mr. Connolly. Thank you, Mr. Chair.
    Chairman Comer. Now, the Chair recognizes Mr. Crank from 
Colorado.
    Mr. Crank. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you for allowing 
me to waive on. This is a very important issue to the state of 
Colorado, and Mayor Johnston, thanks for being here. I know, 
for all of you, it has been a long day. Appreciate you being 
here.
    Mayor Mike Johnston, Denver has an ordinance that prohibits 
city and county employees from assisting in the enforcement of 
Federal immigration laws or inquiring about a person's 
immigration status. We have just talked about that. The city of 
Denver also has a legal defense fund to support individuals 
facing deportation. Denver has received more than 41,000 
illegal aliens over the past 2 years, and due to its sanctuary 
status, has become a popular destination for illegal aliens. It 
is estimated that Denver spends more than $180 million a year 
supporting illegal immigrants, and in rare cases where ICE is 
able to apprehend an illegal immigrant in Denver jails, Denver 
forbids that transfer from taking place in the jail.
    Now, I just did a ride along with El Paso County sheriffs. 
That is my home county, Colorado Springs, just an hour away. I 
just did a ride along with them. For the safety of their 
officers, and the ICE officials, the community, and the 
detainee, do transfers in the jail with El Paso County officers 
present and with the handcuffs on. Now, that El Paso County 
method has never, ever resulted in the injury of an officer 
during the transfer. However, in Denver, you require that 
Denver Police Department release Tren de Aragua gang members to 
the ``streets'' uncuffed and hope that ICE agents are not able 
to apprehend them on their own. That is the hope.
    Let us just be honest. With no Denver Police Department 
officer there to assist if the situation turns violent, that is 
irresponsible, and to be clear, there is no Federal law that 
forces you to do it this way, Mr. Mayor. This policy and the 
danger that it creates is wholly a result of your policy as the 
City and County of Denver. Just last week, it resulted in an 
illegal Tren de Aragua member assaulting and biting an ICE 
agent because he was uncuffed and he was released by Denver to 
a parking lot. Now, you are putting police officers who you are 
sworn to help protect, as their mayor, at risk to score 
political points, and I think it is outrageous. It is 
unbecoming to your office, and it is a danger to the people of 
Colorado and the citizens of Denver.
    Now, we have this case, and I know you have talked about it 
today, Abraham Gonzalez, suspected TdA gang member, released 
from Denver County Jail, as I mentioned. Due to Colorado 
sanctuary policies--this is a post by ICE--was forced to arrest 
him in public. ICE was forced to arrest him in public, where he 
assaulted officers. Sanctuary policies endanger communities and 
law enforcement. That is their post.
    I would ask that this be entered into the record, Mr. 
Chairman.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection so ordered.
    Mr. Crank. Mr. Mayor, yes or no, would you feel safe if you 
were alone in a parking lot with a Tren de Aragua gang member?
    Mr. Johnston. We did not put a situation where someone 
would----
    Mr. Crank. Just yes or no, would you feel safe if you were 
in a parking lot alone with a Tren de Aragua member like you 
make your police officers do or like you make an ICE agent do? 
Yes or no.
    Mr. Johnston. There were six ICE agents on the scene when 
he was released----
    Mr. Crank. Could you answer my question? Would you feel 
safe?
    Mr. Johnston [continuing]. Without any weapons----
    Mr. Crank. Would you feel safe?
    Mr. Johnston [continuing]. In a secure location.
    Mr. Crank. Reclaiming my time. Thank you. Reclaiming my 
time, Mr. Mayor. You are not going to answer the question. 
Would Coloradans be safer if ICE had full cooperation from 
Denver to remove Tren de Aragua gang members, yes or no?
    Mr. Johnston. We currently honor those notification 
requests. We have done it 1,226 times. This is the first time I 
have ever been aware of there being an incident, which is why I 
reached out to ICE yesterday.
    Mr. Crank. Full cooperation would be allowing them to come 
into the jail and doing it in the jail, not in the parking lot. 
Will you change that? For the safety of your officers and those 
ICE agents, would you change that?
    Mr. Johnston. I reached out to the ICE officers as soon as 
I heard about this. I have a meeting with them in the coming 
weeks to talk about the procedure. We have two jails. Ninety 
percent of the pickups are from the other jail, where we have 
never had an occurrence like this.
    Mr. Crank. Would you change it?
    Mr. Johnston. And so, I am going to sit down with the ICE 
officers and see if they are----
    Mr. Crank. It is just common sense. You do not do a 
transfer in the middle of a parking lot when you can do it in a 
jail. It is common sense. It is common sense.
    Mr. Johnston. And common sense, 1,226 times it has worked, 
and so we are going to figure out what happened.
    Mr. Crank. Mr. Mayor, is your highest priority as the 
Mayor, the citizens? The safety of the citizens of Denver?
    Mr. Johnston. My priority as Mayor is to protect public 
safety for all of my residents.
    Mr. Crank. OK. Last question: have you apologized to the 
Federal law enforcement agent who was assaulted by a Tren de 
Aragua gang member because of your failed leadership? Yes or 
no?
    Mr. Johnston. I reached out to the ICE officers yesterday, 
and I have asked to sit down with them to talk about this 
procedure and how we can align systems to make sure no other 
officers get injured.
    Mr. Crank. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Mr. Burlison from 
Missouri.
    Mr. Burlison. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. From what I gathered 
from this hearing, the term ``sanctuary cities'' seems to mean 
a sanctuary only for criminals. Throughout this hearing, we 
have heard countless examples of illegal immigrants with 
criminal histories being allowed to roam free in these cities 
and continue to commit crimes and violence against American 
citizens that should never have happened.
    The bottom line is that sanctuary policies are a violation 
of Federal immigration laws. The states, when they enacted the 
Constitution in Article I, Section 8, Clause 4, made it very 
clear that it is in the purview of the Federal Government, not 
the states, to determine these policies. States should not be 
flaunting our laws that they gave us the sole responsibility to 
implement. And yet, Chicago, Denver, New York City, and Boston 
are aiding and abetting in the furtherance of laws and policies 
that are in direct defiance of the immigration laws that are 
passed by Congress. This hearing is important for us, as 
Congress, to determine ways in which we can use our 
constitutional powers, such as the power of the purse, to force 
these and other sanctuary cities into compliance.
    My first question, I want to ask Mr. Bier. You have not had 
a lot of questions today, right?
    Mr. Bier. I had enough.
    Mr. Burlison. I want to ask, OK, so are you aware of how 
much it costs the American taxpayer per illegal immigrant in 
the United States, roughly?
    Mr. Bier. Not on a per capita basis, no.
    Mr. Burlison. OK. The Budget Committee has determined it is 
almost about $9,000 in net loss per illegal immigrant.
    Mr. Bier. That is definitely not correct.
    Mr. Burlison. OK. You can question, but that is the group 
that did the research, so let me ask you this. Does Cato 
support creating taxpayer programs to subsidize other people's 
healthcare benefits?
    Mr. Bier. No, we do not.
    Mr. Burlison. OK. Does Cato support using taxpayer dollars 
to support people staying in hotels?
    Mr. Bier. Definitely not.
    Mr. Burlison. OK. Just wanted to get that cleared up 
because I was worried where Cato stood.
    Mr. Adams, you stated that the migrant crisis--first, I 
want to ask this question from everybody on the panel. If there 
is a difference between the ICE detainer and a criminal 
warrant, which one would you honor?
    Mr. Adams. I am not quite sure I understand the question. 
You said there is a difference between an ICE detainer and a 
criminal warrant?
    Mr. Burlison. Yes.
    Mr. Adams. We would always honor an ICE detainer that comes 
with a judicial warrant. That is what the law calls for in the 
city.
    Mr. Burlison. OK. And do you concur? Is that what you would 
do?
    Mr. Johnston. We always support our criminal warrants with 
ICE requests, yes.
    Mr. Burlison. OK. Mr. Johnson?
    Mr. Johnson. With a criminal warrant, we do. Our local 
police department with a criminal warrant will collaborate and 
cooperate with Federal agents.
    Mr. Burlison. And Ms. Wu?
    Ms. Wu. Whenever there is a criminal warrant from any 
agency, Boston police enforce it.
    Mr. Burlison. OK. Mr. Johnson, I am concerned about what is 
happening, obviously, in my neighboring state of Illinois. Let 
us see. You said that you oppose proposals to eliminate 
sanctuary protections for illegal immigrants that are convicted 
of serious crimes. Why do you think it is important to protect 
even violent criminals?
    Mr. Johnson. We do not. We do not protect violent 
criminals. In fact, my top priority is to make sure that the 
people of Chicago are safe. Our local law enforcement work hard 
every single day to ensure that. That is why I invested in more 
detectives so that we can actually solve crime, and as a result 
of the work that I have done and my leadership, crime has gone 
down since I have been Mayor.
    Mr. Burlison. Ms. Wu, you have said multiple times, you 
made it very clear that you are a welcoming city, knowing that 
there is a cost to the taxpayer. What is the acceptable number? 
Is there any acceptable or reasonable limit that you would 
consider before your city is overrun?
    Ms. Wu. We are a city that is the safest in the country 
because everyone feels connected to city services. Everyone can 
call 9-1-1.
    Mr. Burlison. So, you have no answer. There is no capacity 
that is too much.
    Ms. Wu. Congressman, respectfully, I am the Mayor of 
Boston. I do not get to decide who comes into our country and 
where they go after that. Our job is to keep people fed and 
healthy and safe when they arrive in our city, and we do that 
in order to make sure that everyone across our community is 
safe. Resources are strained, but I would ask you to please do 
your job and be part of passing bipartisan legislation that 
would allow us to do what we want to do.
    Mr. Burlison. We did. We passed H.R. 2. Well, what has been 
made very clear is that we do not need to pass laws. All we 
need is a new President. My time has expired.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman's time has expired. They have 
called for votes, but we have one last questioner--Mr. Hurd 
from Colorado.
    Mr. Hurd. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Good 
afternoon. Mayor Johnston, it is nice to see you. Thanks for 
coming.
    Mr. Johnston. Good to see you.
    Mr. Hurd. I have a question about Denver's policies that I 
fear made it a magnet for migrants and have drawn tens of 
thousands to Denver in a short amount of time. Given the strain 
that is being placed on city resources, is there a limit? And 
this might be similar to a question that was just asked before. 
If another wave of arrivals begins, does Denver have a 
contingency plan, or is the commitment to being a sanctuary 
city truly open ended no matter how many come?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Congressman, and we have adjusted 
our policies when we were facing some of the fiscal crisis 
around this. We were hoping for the Senate bipartisan 
immigration bill to pass, which would have provided some 
resources to the interior cities. That did not, we had to make 
adjustments. And so, what we have done now is we have really 
focused on connecting people to work. So, those folks that 
arrive, we think the most important thing is for them to be 
able to work and support themselves, pay their own taxes, pay 
their own rent. And so, we have run work authorization clinics 
to help people get legal work authorization. If this body could 
help us accelerate the rate of work authorization, we would not 
need to spend any public resources at all because folks want 
jobs, they could support themselves, so that has been our real 
focus. The more folks we work authorized, we have been able to 
then need to provide fewer resources around housing, shelter, 
food, et cetera.
    Mr. Hurd. Are you concerned that Denver could be reaching a 
breaking point soon?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Congressman. We actually are 
seeing dramatic drops in the arrivals since June 2024, so we 
are not in a moment of crisis right now. We do not have migrant 
encampments. We have closed all of our shelters. We have 
actually dropped our spending on migrant supports by 90 percent 
from 2024 to 2025, so our expenditures are down dramatically, 
and we would love to see it stay that way.
    Mr. Hurd. How about my concern about incentivizing certain 
actions? Do you have any concrete evidence that sanctuary 
policies have not made Denver more vulnerable to crime?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Congressman. We do have concrete 
evidence that even as 42,000 newcomers have arrived in the city 
over the last 18 months, our crime has gone down in Denver. And 
so, shootings are down 24 percent. Homicide is down 17 percent. 
Auto theft is down almost 30 percent. So, we have seen all of 
those major drivers go down at the same time we have had new 
folks arrive.
    Mr. Hurd. And that is because of the sanctuary policies or 
in spite of them, or what would those numbers be absent the 
policies in Denver that incentivize these behaviors?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, Congressman. We see them as 
unrelated. We are continuing to make a strong stand on public 
safety, we are continuing to find ways to integrate folks who 
have arrived on our city in the middle of the winter with no 
clothes or support, and we have been able to do both. We have 
also made historic reductions in homelessness at the same time 
that we were facing this. I declared an emergency on 
homelessness because that was our top priority, and we have 
become the largest big city in America to end the cycle of 
street homelessness for veterans. So, that has been equal part 
of our focus at the same time.
    Mr. Hurd. So, just so I am clear on your testimony, you do 
not believe that there is any evidence that the city of 
Denver's policies have made Denver more vulnerable to crime?
    Mr. Johnston. No, sir. I do not see any evidence that it 
has.
    Mr. Hurd. OK. If violent criminals are exploiting these 
protections, are you willing to reconsider aspects of the 
city's policies to prioritize public safety?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, sir. We are very aggressively 
pursuing violent criminals right now. In fact, we are doing it 
in collaboration with many Federal agencies. We have a 
R.A.V.E.N Task Force we launched, which has been focused on 
disrupting gang activity. That is why we have been so 
successful in managing and reducing the presence of TdA in the 
city. It is how we helped reduce the presence of MS-13. So, we 
have aggressive actions going, we are partnering with Federal 
agents, and that is working.
    Mr. Hurd. One of the concerns that I have heard, Mayor 
Johnston, in Western Colorado and Colorado's 3d Congressional 
District, and also in Southern Colorado, is that there are 
illegal immigrants here that are coming to or that are in 
Denver that are then relocating to Western and Southern 
Colorado. Are you aware or can you confirm that the illegal 
migrants that are in Denver, that were in Denver, have stayed 
in your city and not traveled to other parts of the state?
    Mr. Johnston. Thank you, sir. Obviously, as you know, when 
folks arrive to Denver, whether they come from Carbondale or 
Grand Junction or Chicago, we do not track where they go. It is 
a free country. If they choose to move to Lakewood or to move 
to Pueblo, we would not know. We just provide the emergency 
services to make sure they are not freezing on the streets, and 
so that is our focus. But we do not track anyone's long-term 
trajectory, whether they are a native born or an immigrant.
    Mr. Hurd. Would it surprise you if there were individuals 
that were leaving Denver that were relocating to other parts of 
Colorado?
    Mr. Johnston. It would not surprise me that folks were 
moving, in the same way it does not surprise us that folks are 
constantly relocating to Denver from other parts of the country 
as well.
    Mr. Hurd. OK. Thank you very much, Mr. Johnston. Mr. 
Chairman, I see my time has almost expired, and I yield the 
remainder back.
    Chairman Comer. Well, thank you very much. And that is it. 
In closing, I want to thank our witnesses for being here today. 
And believe it or not, this is the best behaved this Committee 
has been all Congress, so I want to compliment my Ranking 
Member, Mr. Connolly. And again, thank you for your testimony 
today. I look forward to further discussion.
    Now, with that and without objection, all Members have 5 
legislative days within which to submit materials and 
additional written questions for the witnesses, which will be 
forwarded to the witnesses.
    If there is no further business, without objection, the 
Committee stands adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 4:06 p.m., the Committee was adjourned.]