[House Hearing, 119 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                  ENTERING THE GOLDEN AGE: ENDING THE
                WEAPONIZATION OF THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT

=======================================================================

                                HEARING

                               BEFORE THE

                       SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT

                                 OF THE

                       COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY

                     U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                             FIRST SESSION

                               __________

                       TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2025

                               __________

                            Serial No. 119-7

                               __________

         Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary
         
[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]         


               Available via: http://judiciary.house.gov
               
                                __________

                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
59-420                    WASHINGTON : 2025                  
          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------     
             
                       COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY

                        JIM JORDAN, Ohio, Chair

DARRELL ISSA, California             JAMIE RASKIN, Maryland, Ranking 
ANDY BIGGS, Arizona                      Member
TOM McCLINTOCK, California           JERROLD NADLER, New York
THOMAS P. TIFFANY, Wisconsin         ZOE LOFGREN, California
THOMAS MASSIE, Kentucky              STEVE COHEN, Tennessee
CHIP ROY, Texas                      HENRY C. ``HANK'' JOHNSON, Jr., 
SCOTT FITZGERALD, Wisconsin              Georgia
BEN CLINE, Virginia                  ERIC SWALWELL, California
LANCE GOODEN, Texas                  TED LIEU, California
JEFFERSON VAN DREW, New Jersey       PRAMILA JAYAPAL, Washington
TROY E. NEHLS, Texas                 J. LUIS CORREA, California
BARRY MOORE, Alabama                 MARY GAY SCANLON, Pennsylvania
KEVIN KILEY, California              JOE NEGUSE, Colorado
HARRIET M. HAGEMAN, Wyoming          LUCY McBATH, Georgia
LAUREL M. LEE, Florida               DEBORAH K. ROSS, North Carolina
WESLEY HUNT, Texas                   BECCA BALINT, Vermont
RUSSELL FRY, South Carolina          JESUS G. ``CHUY'' GARCIA, Illinois
GLENN GROTHMAN, Wisconsin            SYDNEY KAMLAGER-DOVE, California
BRAD KNOTT, North Carolina           JARED MOSKOWITZ, Florida
MARK HARRIS, North Carolina          DANIEL S. GOLDMAN, New York
ROBERT F. ONDER, Jr., Missouri       JASMINE CROCKETT, Texas
DEREK SCHMIDT, Kansas
BRANDON GILL, Texas
MICHAEL BAUMGARTNER, Washington

                                 ------                                

                       SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT

                 JEFFERSON VAN DREW, New Jersey, Chair

BARRY MOORE, Alabama                 JASMINE CROCKETT, Texas, Ranking 
ROBERT F. ONDER, Jr., Missouri           Member
DEREK SCHMIDT, Kansas                JARED MOSKOWITZ, Florida
BRANDON GILL, Texas                  HENRY C. ``HANK'' JOHNSON, Jr., 
                                         Georgia

               CHRISTOPHER HIXON, Majority Staff Director
                  JULIE TAGEN, Minority Staff Director
                            
                            
                            C O N T E N T S

                              ----------                              

                       Tuesday, February 25, 2025
                           OPENING STATEMENTS

                                                                   Page
The Honorable Jefferson Van Drew, Chair of the Subcommittee on 
  Oversight from the State of New Jersey.........................     1
The Honorable Jasmine Crockett, Ranking Member of the 
  Subcommittee on Oversight from the State of Texas..............     4
The Honorable Jerrold Nadler, a Member of the Committee on the 
  Judiciary from the State of New York...........................     7
The Honorable Jamie Raskin, Ranking Member of the Committee on 
  the Judiciary from the State of Maryland.......................     9

                               WITNESSES

Chris Swecker, Former FBI Assistant Director, Criminal 
  Investigative Division
  Oral Testimony.................................................    13
  Prepared Testimony.............................................    16
Jonathan L. Fahey, Partner, Holtzman Vogel
  Oral Testimony.................................................    20
  Prepared Testimony.............................................    23
Peter Breen, Executive Vice President & Head of Litigation, 
  Thomas More Society
  Oral Testimony.................................................    26
  Prepared Testimony.............................................    29
Brendan Ballou, Former Prosecutor, Department of Justice
  Oral Testimony.................................................    35
  Prepared Testimony.............................................    37

          LETTERS, STATEMENTS, ETC. SUBMITTED FOR THE HEARING

All materials submitted by the Subcommittee on Oversight, for the 
  record.........................................................    61

Materials submitted by the Honorable Jamie Raskin, Ranking Member 
  of the Committee on the Judiciary from the State of Maryland, 
  for the record
    A letter to the Honorable Pamela Bondi, Attorney General, 
        United States Department of Justice, Feb. 21, 2025, from 
        the Honorable Gerald E. Connolly, Ranking Member, House 
        Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, and Summer 
        Lee, Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Federal Law 
        Enforcement
    A Democratic Staff Report entitled, ``President Trump's New 
        Gilded Age: How Trump's Department of Justice is 
        Promoting Political and Corporate Corruption to Benefit 
        His Most Loyal Supporters,'' Feb. 25, 2025, Committee on 
        the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives
    A letter to Mr. Bove, from Hagan Scotten, Assistant United 
        States Attorney, Southern District of New York, Re: 
        United States v. Eric Adams, 24 Cr. 556 (DEH),
    An article entitled, ``School Boards Get Death Threats Amid 
        Rage Over Race, Gender, Mask Policies,'' Feb. 15, 2022, 
        Reuters
    An article entitled, ``I Don't Want to Die for It: School 
        Board Members Face Rising Threats.'' Nov. 5, 2021, The 
        New York Times 
    An excerpt from a transcribed interview, Jul. 21, 2023,
    An article entitled, ``It's too bad that your momma is an 
        ugly communist whore, if she doesn't quite or resign then 
        we will kill her, which was on the windshield of a school 
        board member,'' The New York Times
      A photo of a threatening note
    A Memorandum, ``Partnership Among Federal, State, Local, 
        Tribal, and Territorial Law Enforcement to Address 
        Threats Against School Administrators, Board Members, 
        Teachers, and Staff,'' Oct. 4, 2021, from Attorney 
        General Merrick Garland, Office of the Attorney General
Materials submitted by the Honorable Jasmine Crockett, Ranking 
  Member of the Subcommittee on Oversight from the State of 
  Texas, for the record
    The full transcript with Steven D'Antuono, Assistant 
        Director, FBI's Washington Field Office
    An article entitled, ``Donald Trump stored, showed off and 
        refused to return classified documents, indictments 
        says,'' Jun. 10, 2023, AP News
    A letter to multiple Committees, Apr. 18, 2024, from Michael 
        E. Horowitz, Office of the Inspector General, Department 
        of Justice
    An article entitled, ``Jim Jordan's new myth, an `anti-
        Catholic' FBI,'' Apr. 15, 2023, MSNBC
    An article entitled, ``Anti-Catholic FBI memo's origin 
        revealed as bureau absolved of malicious `intent,' '' 
        Apr. 19, 2024, Fox News
    An article entitled, ``FBI did not send undercover operatives 
        to join Jan. 6 attack, watchdog says,'' Dec. 12, 2024, 
        Reuters
    An article entitled, ``F.B.I. Didn't Instruct Informants to 
        Encourage Violence at Capitol, Report Says,'' Dec. 12, 
        2024, The New York Times

 
                        ENTERING THE GOLDEN AGE:
           ENDING THE WEAPONIZATION OF THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT

                              ----------                              


                       Tuesday, February 25, 2025

                        House of Representatives

                       Subcommittee on Oversight

                       Committee on the Judiciary

                             Washington, DC

    The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:26 p.m., in 
Room 2237, Rayburn House Office Building, the Hon. Jefferson 
Van Drew [Chair of the Subcommittee] presiding.
    Members present: Representatives Van Drew, Moore, Onder, 
Schmidt, Gill, Crockett, Moskowitz, and Johnson.
    Also present: Representative Hunt.
    Mr. Van Drew. The Subcommittee will come to order. Without 
objection, the Chair is authorized to declare a recess at any 
time. We welcome everyone to today's hearing on Ending the 
Weaponi-zation of the Justice Department.
    The Chair now recognizes the gentleman from the great State 
of Alabama, who is going to lead us in the Pledge of 
Allegiance, and then we will remain standing for a moment of 
silence.
    All. I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States 
of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one 
Nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for 
all.
    Mr. Van Drew. Without objection, Mr. Hunt of Texas will be 
permitted to participate in today's hearing for the purpose of 
questioning the witnesses if a Member yields time to him for 
that purpose.
    I will now recognize myself for an opening statement.
    Welcome, everyone, to the first hearing of the Subcommittee 
on Oversight. Today we are here to shine a light on something 
that should be deeply concerning to every single American: How 
our justice system was allowed to become weaponized against 
political opponents.
    Early in his Presidency, Joe Biden told the Nation, ``It is 
not my Justice Department. It is the Justice Department.'' 
Former Attorney General Merrick Garland promised the same 
thing. That was their promise. We now know it was a lie.
    For the past four years, it was not the people's Justice 
Department. It was a political weapon used to go after anybody 
the Biden-Harris Administration felt needed to be attacked. Let 
me lay it out clearly, case after case, so there is no 
confusion about what happened.
    Let's start in the great State of New York. Alvin Bragg ran 
for Manhattan DA, focused on only one thing, targeting Donald 
Trump instead of cleaning up the many problems facing New York 
City. After years of searching, he revived a dismissed case 
with the help of former DOJ officials and used a shaky legal 
theory to turn misdemeanors into felonies.
    It wasn't just Bragg. New York's Attorney General, Letitia 
James, also made it her mission to go after President Trump. 
She campaigned on him. Prosecutors, attorney generals--they 
shouldn't campaign on politics. They should campaign on 
justice. She campaigned on it, and she promised voters she 
would, exact quote, ``get Trump'' before even seeing a shred of 
evidence. Sure enough, once in office, she followed through, 
twisting civil statutes into weapons for political gain, 
targeting not just Trump but his entire family business.
    In Fulton County, Georgia, Fani Willis also campaigned on 
prosecuting President Trump. She coordinated with a partisan 
January 6th Committee and the Biden White House from Georgia 
and hired her romantic partner as the lead prosecutor. Couldn't 
make this stuff up. I guess office romances can sometimes take 
you places. For Fani Willis and Nathan Wade, it was tropical 
destinations. It was luxury hotels, all on the taxpayer's dime. 
While they were busy enjoying the perks, the cases they were 
building against Trump were falling apart under the weight of 
conflicts and impropriety because it was pure political 
lawfare.
    I want to just note no one should run for DA, AG, or any 
legal office, Republican, Democrat, conservative, liberal--
nobody should do this with the sole goal of going after one 
political figure. It is not what those jobs are about. That is 
not justice. That is vengeance.
    Our legal system isn't supposed to be about personal 
grudges or political payback. It is about fairness. It is about 
impartiality. It is about the rule of law. That is supposed to 
be the standard in America. Unfortunately, under President 
Biden, that standard wasn't just abandoned at the State level. 
It was shattered. It was shattered at the Federal level as 
well.
    Jack Smith was unconstitutionally appointed as Special 
Counsel. His lead counsel pressured a defense attorney with a 
judgeship offered to flip a client. So, if a client flipped, he 
would get a judgeship. Smith admitted to altering evidence in 
the Mar-a-Lago case, evidence tampering at the highest and most 
important level--pure political lawfare.
    The FBI conducted an unprecedented raid on Mar-a-Lago, the 
home of a former President. They ignored standard protocol. 
They didn't wait for President Trump's lawyers to respond. They 
didn't use the local field office. They bypassed all typical 
legal channels--pure political lawfare.
    The FBI also targeted religious institutions. You couldn't 
make this up, again. Parents--they labeled traditionalist 
Catholics as domestic terrorists, traditional Roman Catholics 
as domestic terrorists, and considered spying on their 
churches, on their priests, and on their parishioners. Think 
about that. I really want everybody to think about it. Forget 
the politics for a minute.
    The FBI was planning to spy on grandmothers clutching their 
rosary beads in prayer, treating them as if they were a 
national security threat. If they can do this to Catholic 
churches--and this is the important part--what is stopping them 
from doing it in any place of worship, to Protestant churches, 
to Jewish synagogues, to Muslim mosques, or to Hindu temples? 
If it is Catholic churches one day, it could be any of those 
another day. It could be you.
    If you think that sounds far-fetched, I want you to just 
take a look, if you get a chance, at what they did in my home 
State, in New Jersey. In New Jersey, the FBI raided the largest 
Hindu temple in the Western hemisphere, home to some of the 
most peaceful and spiritual people on the face of the earth, 
Hindus.
    The Biden's FBI stormed the temple. He invaded private 
quarters, religious areas, and held guns--they held guns to the 
faces of swamis, holy men, some of whom were wearing nothing 
but their evening wear, their nightwear, their pajamas. These 
are individuals devoted to peace, nonviolence, and prayer, yet 
they were treated like dangerous criminals in an aggressive 
show of force. It is wrong. It is un-American.
    It didn't stop at places of worship. The DOJ also turned 
its sight onto parents, moms and dads, grandparents who dared 
to speak, who dared to speak up for their children at local 
school board meetings. Instead of seeing concerned citizens, 
the Biden Administration saw potential domestic threats. They 
used counterterrorism resources to monitor and intimidate 
parents simply for voicing their concerns about what is 
happening to their own children in their own classrooms.
    The DOJ even weaponized the Freedom of Access to Clinic 
Entrances Act, the FACE Act, to target prolife advocates. This 
doesn't even matter if you're prolife or prochoice. Again, it 
could happen to anybody. Take Mark Houck, a peaceful prolife 
activist and father of seven kids. In a blatant show of force, 
the FBI sent a SWAT team to his home, raiding in a predawn raid 
with guns drawn, terrifying his wife and his children.
    Whether it is people praying in churches or parents 
speaking out at school board meetings, the message from Biden's 
DOJ is clear: If you practice your First Amendment rights in 
ways they don't like, you will become a target. It could happen 
to any one of us. This is pure political lawfare.
    The Justice Department slow-walked the investigation into 
Hunter Biden, allowing statutes of limitations to expire, 
tipping off defense lawyers about search warrants, then 
ultimately offering a sweetheart plea deal that nobody else 
would ever get. Meanwhile, the DOJ was slow-walking 
investigations that might make the President look bad.
    The full force of the DOJ was aimed at President Trump and 
even worse yet, people that didn't sign up for this--any of his 
allies. Just look at the timeline. After announcing his 
candidacy, President Trump was indicted four times, twice by 
partisan DAs and twice by an unconstitutionally appointed 
special counsel.
    I am sure my Democratic colleagues will say that it was not 
coordinated, but it was. I will say it was pure political 
warfare. What I have laid out is just the framework of what the 
Judiciary Committee, this Judiciary Committee, uncovered last 
Congress. It was the work of this Judiciary Committee and our 
Chair, Jim Jordan, that did that.
    My colleagues, we will dig deeper into each case. I pledge 
to you that this Committee, this Subcommittee, is going to dig 
deep and dig hard and find out the real truth. The reason is 
not because we want to rehash everything in that ugly, ugly 
past. The reason is we never, ever want it to happen again.
    It shouldn't matter, it really shouldn't matter, if you are 
a Republican or a Democrat or a liberal or conservative. It 
could happen to you. I want you to really think about it could 
happen at your church. It could happen to your mosque. It could 
happen to your synagogue. It could happen to your temple. It 
could happen to your cause, whether on the Right or the Left. 
It could happen to your beliefs. It is un-American. It is 
wrong.
    This should never happen again. Our justice system should 
be blind to politics, blind to personal beliefs, and focused 
solely on fairness and the law. Under Attorney General Pam 
Bondi's leadership, this administration, this Congress, and 
this Subcommittee are working to restore integrity to the DOJ 
for everyone, all of us. We will ensure that never again will 
our justice system be used as a political weapon.
    I thank our witnesses, all of you, for being here today, 
and I look forward to your testimoneys.
    I now recognize the Ranking Member, Ms. Crockett.
    Ms. Crockett. Thank you so much, Mr. Chair. This is my 
first time serving as a Ranking Member of a Subcommittee during 
a hearing, and I am grateful to be here today. I look forward 
to working with you and the rest of this Committee on behalf of 
the American people.
    Before I was elected to Congress or to the Texas House of 
Representatives, I was a public defender and civil rights 
attorney by trade. I know about the Department of Justice and 
what they are supposed to be doing. I am also very concerned by 
a rogue DOJ or one that is not beholden to the American people. 
I am very concerned about the DOJ being weaponized by the White 
House. I am concerned about the FBI being used for purposes 
outside of our domestic security and maintaining peace at home.
    So, weaponization of the Department of Justice--this 
phrase, the weaponization of government, is something that has 
been overly used and repeated by my Republican colleagues. They 
use it as a war cry, a battle call to justify dismantling 
Federal agencies and the purging of thousands of hardworking, 
dedicated Federal servants who swore an oath to protect the 
Constitution and the rule of law.
    If the purpose of this hearing today is to examine and 
expose the weaponization of government, specifically the 
weaponization of Department of Justice, then it is essential 
that we understand what exactly weaponization means. 
Fortunately, history is kind to us.
    Last Congress, the House Judiciary Committee held numerous 
hearings on this notion of weaponization. In those hearings, 
Republicans described weaponization as, quote, ``corruption,'' 
quote, ``government abuse and political treachery,'' having the 
government act, quote, ``against people who were innocent and 
did nothing wrong,'' quote, ``targeting people of one political 
persuasion.''
    As one of my colleagues aptly described, quote,

        If you speak up about the abuses you are seeing or are sharing 
        information that may not fall in line with the political 
        narrative, you will be suspended without pay, have your 
        security clearance revoked, or your life will be turned upside-
        down. It is pretty clear that the MO is, if you don't comply, 
        they will retaliate. If you don't agree with their political 
        agenda, you get suspended. They do it in such a way to deter 
        others from speaking up and speaking out.

    These are not my words. These are not the words of Ranking 
Member Raskin or Leader Jeffries. These are the words of 
Congressional Republicans. This is what they believe embodies 
weapon-ization. I am the first to admit that I don't often 
agree with many things that my Republican colleagues say but 
wholeheartedly concur with their descriptions here.
    What concerns me, however, is the inability of my 
colleagues on the other side to connect the dots that are in 
front of them, while the rest of America is watching as this 
DOJ weaponization takes hold right before our eyes. To be 
clear, what we are witnessing happening before us satisfies the 
descriptions used by my Republican colleagues.
    Corruption--any lawyer with a good head on their shoulders 
will tell you that the recent attempt by Trump's DOJ to drop 
the corruption case against Mayor Adams is ironically riddled 
with corruption itself. This decision to try and drop this case 
was never about some flawed argument or approach by the DOJ.
    In fact, even Acting Deputy Attorney General Emil Bove in 
his February 10th letter to the U.S. attorney for the Southern 
District of New York, the office handling the case, stated that 
the Department of Justice's attempt to drop this was done, 
quote, ``without assessing the strength of the evidence or 
legal theories on which the case is based inherent.''
    Instead, it is trying to drop the case because Trump's DOJ, 
quote,

        Is particularly concerned about the impact of the prosecution 
        on Mayor Adams' ability to support critical ongoing Federal 
        efforts to protect the American people from the disastrous 
        effects of unlawful mass immigration and resettlement.

Put differently, the Department of Justice wants Mayor Adams to 
give fealty to Trump and also use him to execute Trump's 
immigration policy in New York City.
    The blatant corruption of this quid pro quo alone should 
warrant
the Subcommittee to investigate the current weaponization of 
this Department of Justice. This is far from the only example 
of weaponization occurring before us.
    Next, government abuse and political treachery--make no 
mistake. Acting Deputy Attorney General Emil Bove ordering 
Brian Driscoll, the then-acting Director of the FBI, to turn 
over a list of not just current but also former FBI staff who 
were assigned, quote, ``at any time to investigations and/or 
prosecutions related to the events that occurred at or near the 
U.S. Capitol on January 6th''--it is a clear illustration of 
government abuse targeting employees they wrongfully claim are 
political adversaries.
    In fact, rather than utilize the FBI's time and resources 
to protect America from cyber-attacks, terrorism, and other 
violent crimes, Trump's DOJ is choosing to spend resources to 
build loyalty to Trump. If that is not government abuse, I just 
don't know what is.
    Third, the view that the government is acting, quote, 
``against people who were innocent and did nothing wrong''--for 
those of you who may not be familiar, when career prosecutors 
and staff at DOJ are assigned to cases, they take these tasks 
on not because of power or politics but because it is quite 
simply part of the job.
    It is rare that prosecutors get every case they want. 
Instead, prosecutors and staff are assigned cases because of 
their capacity, experience, and expertise. Where we see 
commitment to the Constitution and the rule of law, the Trump 
DOJ sees reason for retribution.
    This has already taken shape in various forms, but notably, 
on January 27th, Trump's then-acting attorney general, James 
McHenry, fired DOJ officials, those of who which worked on 
Federal criminal investigations into Trump. Let me repeat this. 
They fired DOJ officials who did nothing wrong. These officials 
simply did their jobs.
    Now, finally, quote, ``targeting people of one political 
persuasion''--while I just briefly touch on this point, I want 
to be very clear with the American people. Within the last 35 
days, Trump's DOJ has already sent inquiry letters to 
Democratic Members of Congress for speaking out and criticizing 
Elon Musk.
    Our task on this Subcommittee today is to conduct real 
Congressional oversight of the Department of Justice because 
this notion of weaponization is not simply a threat; it is a 
reality. The public is worried. Career attorneys are worried. 
Congress is worried. The world is worried. Every day that 
passes, the Department of Justice is losing institutional 
knowledge and exceptional attorneys because of a blind 
arrogance and vengeance.
    We owe it to this country to come together to call out 
weaponiza-tion happening today, to call out corruption, 
government abuse, attacks on innocent people, and the targeting 
of people with different political views. We owe it to everyone 
to speak the truth, even if the truth is hard to hear. We owe 
it to us all to preserve our country's rule of law.
    The final point that I will make is that there were a 
number of attorneys that were brought up in the Chair's opening 
remarks, Attorney General Letitia James of New York as well as 
DA Fani Willis. I do want to point out that each of these women 
are women that were duly elected in their States, and Fani 
Willis was just reelected.
    That is not Federal lawfare. That is not the weaponization 
of the Federal Government. Both of those women work on the 
State law enforcement level. The final point that I will make 
is that while they work on State levels, there were only a 
certain amount of cases that were able to be tried prior to the 
election.
    Any cases that did take place, whether they were civil 
cases or Federal cases, I do want to point out, regardless of 
who brought those cases, those cases ultimately--at least the 
ones that did go, they ultimately went to juries. They went to 
juries that were full of American citizens, juries that were 
not asked, ``Are you going to sit here and support Donald Trump 
and his agenda, or do you have some Left-wing agenda?'' They 
were given an opportunity to hear the evidence, and they were 
able to rule based on the evidence that was presented to them.
    I am someone who misses the courtroom every single day, as 
I practiced for 17 years before entering into Congress. If we 
continue to pretend as if the voices of everyday American 
citizens don't matter when they have an opportunity to listen 
to both sides of a case and make a decision, then we really are 
in for a rude awakening in this country.
    One thing that we should do as Members of Congress is we 
should preserve our institutions and make sure we build them up 
to the point that people have trust. When you walk into a 
courtroom, you have no idea who is walking in and who just 
decided that they would actually show up for jury duty.
    I am here to tell you that I still believe in that 
imperfect but beautiful system that we have in this country 
known as the jury system. With that, I will yield.
    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you, Ranking Member. I will quickly 
point out that the President did ask his attorneys for a 
neutral venue and was denied during some of those cases, and 
Judge Merchan himself was very politically connected, 
particularly through his daughter.
    However, I did want to make an announcement. This is a one-
time-only appearance, pretty much, here. Kind of scheduling 
issues. From now on, for those who come regularly, we will be 
in the other room that usually the Judiciary Committee is in.
    I now recognize the great Chair of the Full Committee, the 
gentleman from Ohio, Jim Jordan, for his opening statement.
    Chair Jordan. I don't know about the great part, but thank 
you, Mr. Chair.
    They could never tell us who planted the pipe bombs on 
January 6th. They could never tell us who leaked the Dobbs 
opinion. They could never tell us who put cocaine at the White 
House. They sure had time for a lot of other things.
    On October 2, 2021, they set up a snitch line to report 
moms and dads who had the nerve to show up at a school board 
meeting and advocate for their son or daughter. On September 
23, 2022, 10 unmarked cars pull up to Mark Houck's home, 
arresting him in front of his wife and seven children, and what 
did he do wrong? What did he do wrong? Pray in front of an 
abortion clinic. When some crazy guy comes up and starts 
yelling obscenities in his kid's face, he makes sure he deals 
with that guy. He went to court. The jury found him not guilty.
    On November 18, 2022--the Chair talked about this--raid--
excuse me. Actually, before that, the Summer of 2022, raid on 
President Trump's home. President Trump's attorney said, ``You 
can come.'' They were working with him. ``No, no, no. We've got 
to go raid.'' We had, actually, Mr. Steven D'Antuono, head of 
the Washington Field Office, tell us how wrong that was, how 
they broke all kinds of protocol.
    Two months later, Mr. Garland appoints Jack Smith as 
Special Prosecutor. As the Chair pointed out in his opening 
statement, the lead prosecutor, Jay Bratt, used the promise of 
a judgeship to try to pressure one of the defendant's lawyers. 
You are not allowed to do that. We are going to talk to Mr. 
Bratt at some point, this Committee. We will have him in for a 
deposition.
    On January 23, 2023, FBI Richmond Field Office issues a 
memorandum where it says if you are a prolife Catholic, you 
might be a domestic violent extremist. Can't tell us who put 
cocaine at the White House, but you can call Catholics 
extremists.
    In the Spring 2023, two brave whistleblowers come forward 
and tell us about the sweetheart deal that David Weiss was 
trying to do for Hunter Biden. Of course, those guys' reward 
for coming forward as good, brave whistleblowers was to have 
their security clearances taken from them and be retaliated 
against.
    At 6:01 a.m., March 19, 2024, Brian Malinowski, Little 
Rock, Arkansas, highest paid official in the Little Rock 
government, runs the Bill and Hillary Clinton Airport. At 6:01, 
all these folks show up in the morning. The first thing they do 
is put tape on the doorbell cam, and they are coming after Mr. 
Malinowski, a warrant to search his home because they believed 
he had sold six guns that he wasn't supposed to sell. At 6:01, 
tape on the doorbell cam. Fifty-three seconds later, Brian 
Malinowski is shot in the head, later dies.
    They could have handled that so--the SWAT team and 
everything else--just talk to his lawyers. All kinds of ways 
you could have handled that to avoid the terrible outcome. We 
had Brian Malinowski's spouse was here last Congress. His 
lawyer testified--a tragic story because of this Justice 
Department, the previous Justice Department, the way they 
handled things.
    Don't forget December 12, 2024, when the Inspector General 
told us about the 26 confidential human sources, who were there 
on January 6, 2021. Seventeen went into restricted space, which 
they were not authorized to do. Four went into the Capitol, 
which they were not authorized to do. None of them were 
charged. Two of the four who went into the Capitol were asked 
to be there by the FBI.
    We got all kinds of questions about that incident, about 
those confidential human sources, all kinds of questions we 
want answered. Now, thank goodness--and the Chair referenced 
this as well. Thank goodness Pam Bondi, Todd Blanche, Kash 
Patel, and Dan Bongino are now going to be running the Justice 
Department where we won't have this kind of ridiculous focus on 
agencies being turned on the very people they are supposed to 
serve.
    We sent seven subpoenas today, seven subpoenas that we sent 
asking for information about all these issues. We want 
everything you got so the American people have answers. Maybe 
it is not as bad as I think. One thing I have learned in my 
time in Congress with these investigations--every single time, 
the only thing we get wrong is it is always worse than we 
thought. It is always worse than we thought.
    So maybe I will be proven wrong this time. We are going to 
get that information. I think the date is March 7th, they are 
supposed to have this information back to us.
    I want to thank the Chair and the good work I know he is 
going to do this Congress, the great work he has done on our 
Committee, for having this hearing, taking a look back at what 
we saw from this ridiculous previous Justice Department and the 
good work I think we are going to see from the folks who are 
now running that critical Department and Agency.
    With that, I yield back.
    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you, Chair.
    I now recognize the Ranking Member of the Full Committee, 
Mr. Raskin, for his opening statement.
    Mr. Raskin. Mr. Chair, thank you very kindly.
    Last Congress the Chair of the Committee and the Committee 
sent over 150 letters of inquiry, and subpoenas to the DOJ and 
the FBI. That is more than two inquiries a week for every week 
that we were in session. All that breathless investigation 
didn't yield much evidence of weaponization, any more than it 
led to the impeachment of Joe Biden, which was the express 
objective of it all.
    I have good news for all the weaponized sleuths and 
gumshoes out there on the Committee.
    The Department of Justice and the FBI are now filled with 
actual staggering corruption and weaponized lawlessness. We 
should get on it immediately. It has only been 36 days since 
the beginning of the Administration and we already have a thick 
report we are releasing today on the violations of law and the 
Constitution that have taken place, the early misdeeds of the 
Trump Administration DOJ.
    It is true the Federal courts have issued more than 20 
temporary restraining orders and preliminary injunctions to try 
to stop this governmental crime wave. We cannot maintain a 
demure legislative silence, Mr. Chair, about the shocking 
weaponized corruption overtaking the U.S. Department of 
Justice.
    Ten days ago, seven career prosecutors resigned in protest 
rather than carry out a corrupt and lawless order from the 
Acting Deputy Attorney General and former Donald Trump private 
Defense Attorney Emil Bove. He ordered prosecutors in the 
Southern District to dismiss for totally political reasons a 
major public corruption case against New York Mayor Eric Adams, 
who had been charged, by a unanimous Grand Jury in a 57-page 
indictment, with five felony counts of criminal bribery and 
soliciting illegal contributions.
    Trump ordered DOJ to withdraw the Grand Jury indictment 
after Adams traveled to Mar-a-Lago and agreed to back Trump's 
political agenda in return.
    The Interim U.S. Attorney Danielle Sassoon resigned rather 
than make her storied office a party to this profoundly corrupt 
bargain. She refused to extend prosecutorial favoritism toward 
a politician who had been indicted for serious bribery and 
corruption charges. Nor would she participate in Mr. Bove's 
project to cover up the details of this dirty deal.
    Ms. Sassoon is a Republican with impeccable credentials in 
the conservative movement. For anyone who might doubt it, a 
member of the Federal Society, and a former law clerk to 
Supreme Court Justice Scalia, a jurist whom I know the Chair 
has repeatedly praised.
    Now, in ordinary times we wouldn't have to raise this. Here 
we do, because we are living in an atmosphere of political 
paranoia. This is a very conservative U.S. attorney who said, 
``she could not abide the corruption of the new Trump 
Administration's Department of Justice.'' Her resignation 
triggered a cascade of further resignations as six other 
veteran prosecutors refused in their turn to take part in this 
corrupt bargain.
    The officials included the Acting Head of the Criminal 
Division, several leaders of DOJ's Public Integrity Section, 
and the lead prosecutor on the case from the Southern District, 
Hagan Scotten, a decorated veteran, and another Republican with 
impeccable Right-wing credentials who could not stomach the 
thought of joining this plot, and said in a letter to the 
agents that, ``I will submit to the record that it will take a 
fool or a coward to join this plot against justice.''
    The next day an apparently exasperated Mr. Bove demanded 
that the career prosecutors in the Public Integrity Section 
volunteer one lawyer to sign this disgraceful dismissal order 
or there would be a mass firing of all of them. One lawyer, set 
to retire, agreed to sign the dismissal to protect his 
colleagues from this outrageous threat of collective mass 
punishment, something that would be more appropriate to 
Stalin's Russia than to the United States of America.
    This eye-popping sellout of public integrity and public 
safety in New York wasn't even a secret. In a Fox News 
interview, Tom Homan, the Border Czar, sat next to Mayor Adams 
and explicitly referred to the corrupt bargain saying,

        If he doesn't come through, I'll be back in New York. We won't 
        be sitting on a couch, I'll be in his office up his butt 
        saying, ``Where the hell is the agreement we came to?''

    Last Friday, the judge in the case at least provisionally 
refused to honor this dirty deal, instead appointing an 
independent monitor, Republican Paul Clement, to evaluate what 
should be done with the now orphaned five-count criminal 
corruption indictment.
    Mr. Chair, these facts are shocking: Blatant corruption, 
coverup, mass resignations, threats, and coercion. This, can 
you imagine what the Republican Members of this Committee would 
be saying if that happened under President Biden, if Joe Biden 
had done that for the corrupt Democratic Mayor of New York 
City? My God.
    This toxic sweetheart deal demands a Committee inquiry. 
Where is it? It is infinitely worse than any of the flotsam and 
jetsam the Committee examined with the brainy intensity of 
Lieutenant Columbo in the last Congress.
    The Majority has asked no questions, written no letters, 
demanded no briefings, or issued no subpoenas on this scandal. 
Why not? Why has the cat got your tongue?
    Well, this Adams debacle provides us with a whiff of the 
raw sewage already overpouring the Department of Justice. They 
sacked dozens of prosecutors with superior credentials and 
evaluations simply for doing their jobs when they were assigned 
to work on the January 6th teams. These people must get their 
jobs back under the Civil Service rules, which allow dismissal 
and discipline only for poor performance or misconduct. The 
majority has not uttered a peep wondering about how such an 
appalling violation of the law and professional ethics has come 
to pass.
    Why not?
    Last Congress you investigated the DOJ for allegedly hiring 
and firing employees based on political ideology. Nothing came 
of it.
    Now, DOJ has openly fired dozens of career prosecutors--
Republicans, Democrats, and Independents--for the sole reason 
that they were assigned to work on the January 6th insurrection 
cases, in other words, for doing their jobs in a case that 
Donald Trump now considers uncomfortable for him.
    How is that remotely acceptable?
    Even Trump said on January 7th, in the wake of the vicious, 
premeditated attack on our police, and our Congress, and our 
Constitution, that it was ``a heinous attack.'' He said,

        The demonstrators who had infiltrated the Capitol have defiled 
        the seat of American democracy. To those who engaged in acts of 
        violence and destruction, you do not represent our country. And 
        to those who broke the law you will pay.

    Well, the only people paying now, after his pardons are the 
prosecutors and FBI agents they are going after for doing their 
jobs because Donald Trump thinks it is too much truth.
    In an act of Orwellian revisionism that would make Joseph 
Stalin blush, Trump's team wants to punish hardworking 
prosecutors and FBI agents for doing the jobs they were told to 
do. If this is not weaponization of the Department of Justice, 
then what is, Mr. Chair? It is far worse than the imaginary 
things floating around last Congress that led nowhere.
    When will we have a hearing on what is taking place for 
real in the Department of Justice right now? They have hollowed 
the career leadership ranks of the DOJ, ravaging the offices 
that prosecute public corruption and terrorism. Now we meet Ed 
Martin, the new U.S. Attorney of DC, who has already proven 
himself to be to legal ethics what Bobby Kennedy is to public 
health. He is an election denier who participated in the 
insurrectionary mass protests of January 6th, which he joyfully 
likened to Mardi Gras on the social media.
    Until recently, very recently in fact, into his term of 
office he has been a defense lawyer of record in the courts for 
numerous January 6th criminal defendants. After taking over the 
U.S. Attorney's Office he fired dozens of prosecutors, again 
for doing their jobs, for prosecuting January 6th rioters.
    The DOJ ethics rules plainly require that he recuse himself 
because of this glaring conflict of interest created by his 
ongoing representation of private plaintiffs being prosecuted 
by the Government. Naturally, the Trump DOJ forced out the 
Senior Ethics Official Brad Weinsheimer who would have ruled on 
the matter and replaced him with two inexperienced political 
appointees who apparently think it is OK not just for the fox 
to guard the henhouse, but for the fox to simultaneously 
represent other foxes in court who have already ravaged the 
henhouse.
    Mr. Martin has literally made filings on both sides of 
January 6th cases, as defense counsel for participants in the 
riot, and now as a prosecutor dismissing the charges against 
the same defendants he was representing.
    When will there be a hearing on this? This is taking place 
right now.
    The list goes on. We don't have time to go through 
everything that has already happened, but I would encourage the 
Chair to please check out our report on that this hearing was 
entitled ``Entering the Golden Age: Ending the Weaponization of 
the Department of Justice,'' a title that comes just in time to 
help us celebrate the 50th anniversary of Saturday Night Live. 
Well, perhaps the title is referring to a golden age for 
corrupt billionaires, or lawless oligarchs, and violent White 
nationalists, but it is no golden age for the Department of 
Justice, which is now mired in corruption and lawlessness, 
halting prosecutions, disbanding the anticorruption task 
forces, and purging veteran prosecutors and agents who are 
dedicated to public safety, and have superior performance 
evaluations but have run afoul of the new political correctness 
imposed on the Department.
    Chair Jordan has championed our power under Article I, to 
ensure that the Department of Justice upholds the rule of law 
for all, without fear of favor. Good for him. I don't need to 
quote his eloquent speeches for you on the subject; we know 
them well.
    So, I ask this Committee to be true to our own beautiful 
words. Let's not use our oversight power selectively. Let's 
investigate these startling developments so dangerous to 
justice in America. Let's start with the dirty deal with Mayor 
Adams, which has now put a giant worm in the Big Apple.
    Mr. Chair, I would invite you to join us in sending this 
letter today to Attorney General Bondi demanding specific 
answers on her shocking abuse of prosecutorial power, the 
shocking abuse of prosecutorial power that has taken place at 
DOJ in the whole Mayor Adams matter.
    I would think that the Committee should move very quickly 
to have a hearing on this next week.
    Thank you for your indulgence, Mr. Chair. I yield back.
    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you, Ranking Member.
    Real quickly, Pam Bondi will be here for the Committee of 
the whole. I am sure Members also will meet some of her staff 
and ranking people; they will be at this Committee as well.
    I would maintain the attorneys were removed not because 
they were doing a great job. Because they weren't doing their 
job, and they were involved in lawfare. That is the point.
    With that, Mr. Raskin, I believe you wanted to enter 
something into the record?
    Mr. Raskin. Yes, please. Two things: First, the letter to 
Attorney General Bondi.
    Second, a new report, ``President Trump's New Gilded Age, 
how Trump's Department of Justice is promoting political and 
corporate corruption to benefit''--
    Mr. Van Drew. Without objection, all other opening 
statements will be included in the record.
    We will now introduce today's witnesses.
    First, Mr. Chris Swecker. Mr. Swecker is a former FBI agent 
who retired as the Assistant Director of the Criminal 
Investigations Unit. He served with the Bureau for 23 years. 
That is a lot. He currently practices law in the great State of 
North Carolina.
    Mr. Jonathan Fahey. Mr. Fahey is a partner with Holtzman 
Vogel, where his practice focuses on investigations and white-
collar criminal defense.
    He previously served in various roles in the Department of 
Homeland Security and as a prosecutor in the U.S. Attorney's 
Office for the Eastern District of Virginia.
    Mr. Peter Breen. Mr. Breen is the Executive Vice President 
and Head of Litigation at the Thomas More Society, a public 
interest law firm focused on Constitutional rights. Mr. Breen 
successfully, successfully defended Mark Houck, a prolife 
advocate, against FACE Act charges brought by the Biden-Harris 
Administration.
    Mr. Brendan Ballou. Mr. Ballou is a former Federal 
prosecutor. He served with the Justice Department for five 
years.
    We welcome all our witnesses today and thank them for 
appearing here.
    We will begin by swearing you in. Please rise. Raise your 
right hand.
    Do you swear or affirm under penalty of perjury the 
testimony you are about to give is true and correct to the best 
of your knowledge, information, and belief, so help you God?
    [Witnesses affirm.]
    Mr. Van Drew. OK. You may be seated.
    Let the record reflect that the witnesses have answered in 
the affirmative.
    Please know that your written testimony will be entered 
into the record in its entirety. Accordingly, we ask that you 
summarize your testimony in five minutes.
    Mr. Swecker, you may begin.

                   STATEMENT OF CHRIS SWECKER

    Mr. Swecker. Good afternoon, Chair and Ranking Member, and 
the Members of the Subcommittee.
    It is an honor to appear at this hearing today. As 
mentioned, I have over 42 years of active experience in the 
criminal justice system as a prosecutor, as an agent, and as an 
attorney. That informs my testimony today.
    I served under seven FBI directors and seven attorney 
generals. While attorney generals are cabinet appointments and 
politics goes with the position, this should not be the case 
with the FBI director, who has a 10-year term that was designed 
to insulate the position from politics.
    Indeed, during my 24 years in the FBI, I can attest that 
politics did not drive the initiation or conduct of any 
investigations, and cases were not pursued for political 
purposes.
    Sadly, that has not been the case at the DOJ and FBI since 
at least 2016.
    I am not here to convey my political views. I know how 
Federal investigations flow, however, and I know the laws, 
policies, and procedures that govern FBI and DOJ operations. I 
am familiar with the work of the Committee, this Committee, as 
well as the DOJ Inspector General Horowitz, Special Counsel 
Durham, and all the relevant investigations from Crossfire 
Hurricane to the Mar-a-Lago raid.
    Many official actions taken by DOJ and the FBI in the last 
eight years were simply wrong. I share the goals of this 
Subcommittee that these agencies should never again be used as 
political weapons.
    The facts speak for themselves. The U.S. DOJ and its 
agencies have effectively been used as political weapons. This 
has taken the form of selective and hyper-aggressive 
prosecutions of political opponents, while slow-walking and 
even sabotaging investigations of favored political figures.
    There has been coordination with and even funding of State 
prosecutions of Donald Trump. There has been use of some of the 
most intrusive techniques available against political opponents 
of Joe Biden, and injection of personal animus and political 
views into investigations and prosecutions.
    Much of this weaponization was driven by an entrenched 
group of ideologues within the DOJ and FBI, in perfect 
alignment with the Biden Administration, that can't be chalked 
up to coincidence.
    A well-known example is Crossfire Hurricane, a notoriously 
unpredicated investigation of the 2016 Trump Presidential 
campaign, tainted by four FISA surveillance orders, based on 
deliberately false information contained in opposition 
research. This was a campaign by an unprecedented infiltration 
of the campaign by multiple informants.
    Crossfire Hurricane further involved the potential 
entrapment of a cabinet-level appointee based on the pretext of 
an introductory intelligence briefing. Rather than target the 
Russian influencers and protect the unwitting campaign 
operatives, the FBI targeted the Trump Presidential campaign 
through those operatives.
    Note that when similar information was developed about the 
Hillary Clinton campaign, she was immediately afforded a 
defensive briefing.
    Undeterred by the misconduct identified in the DOJ I.G. 
Horowitz and Special Counsel Durham reports regarding Crossfire 
Hurricane, many of the same DOJ and FBI managers opened and 
pursued a classified documents case on the former President and 
Presidential candidate culminating in a dawn raid of his 
personal residence. This was ostensibly to execute a search 
warrant and was conducted despite ongoing negotiations 
regarding the declassification and possible return of the 
documents.
    After the raid, it was disclosed that Biden had squirreled 
away classified documents himself.
    Another example, the inexplicably tepid DOJ-controlled FBI 
investigation of the Biden family influence peddling schemes, 
despite the existence of over 170 Bank Suspicious Activity 
Reports, multiple witnesses, 20 offshore corporations, 19 
million in potentially illicit proceeds from hostile and 
corrupt foreign governments, oligarchs, and shadowy 
international characters seeking official favors, and a laptop 
full of evidence, the investigation languished.
    It doesn't take a MENSA candidate to surmise that serious 
criminal activity was afoot that extended well beyond a garden 
variety tax and firearms case.
    The case was plagued by interference by DOJ attempting to 
slow walk the investigation past the statute of limitations, 
and a deceptive effort to discredit the laptop. It took an 
alert Federal judge to expose the clever attempt to implement a 
global plea bargain hidden in a plea agreement to a single 
firearms charge. The contrast with the multiple scorched earth 
investigations targeting Donald Trump should be clear to pretty 
much anyone that is being objective.
    Since I am running out of time, I ask that you introduce my 
full statement into the record.
    Thank you.
    I want to also add I am not here in any official capacity 
for the FBI. As was mentioned, I retired from the FBI, so I am 
here as a concerned citizen with some experience.
    [The prepared statement of Mr. Swecker follows:]
    [GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    
    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you, Mr. Swecker.
    Without objection, we will enter the full statement of all 
of you into the permanent record.
    Mr. Fahey, you may begin.

                 STATEMENT OF JONATHAN L. FAHEY

    Mr. Fahey. Thank you.
    Good afternoon, Mr. Chair, Ranking Member, and the Members 
of the Subcommittee. I thank you for the opportunity to testify 
today.
    My name is Jonathan Fahey, and I am a partner at--
    Mr. Van Drew. Mr. Fahey, I believe your mike is not on.
    Mr. Fahey. Oh, OK. Is it on? OK.
    Mr. Van Drew. Some folks might not like that, but we want 
to hear you.
    Mr. Fahey. OK. You didn't miss anything at the beginning.
    [Laughter.]
    Mr. Fahey. I am a partner of a law firm of Holtzman Vogel. 
Most of my career practice in law I served as a prosecutor, 
both at a State and Federal level. During this time I had the 
opportunity to work with numerous hardworking men and women of 
law enforcement and fellow prosecutors.
    Because of my experience, I have immense respect for the 
members of the law enforcement community who every day make 
sacrifices on behalf of all of us, and a lot of times things 
that go unnoticed and probably should be recognized more often.
    By and large, I found that both State and Federal law 
enforcement agents adhere to the highest ethical standards, 
they have an unwavering commitment to justice and to public 
safety.
    My work with fellow prosecutors was similar. I want to 
echo, basically echo what Mr. Swecker said. I worked with some 
of the finest attorneys of the Eastern District of Virginia. We 
worked side by side on cases, big and small. I worked as an 
Assistant U.S. Attorney under President Bush 43, President 
Obama, and President Trump. During these times, even though 
some priorities had changed, I never saw any politicization. 
Often I didn't really know what the politics were of my 
colleagues, other than occasionally in private conversations.
    I was extremely proud of the work I did as a prosecutor. I 
am grateful for the opportunity I had to stand up in court to 
advocate on behalf of victims, and stand and say my name on 
behalf of the United States.
    I gained, in addition to that, amazing professional 
experiences, many friends in law enforcement, fellow 
prosecutors, defense attorneys, and courtroom personnel. It is 
an experience I wouldn't trade for anything.
    One of the most important things I learned, which I think 
is relevant here, is the tremendous responsibility that comes 
from being a prosecutor with every decision you make, and how 
many people can be affected by those decisions.
    Sadly, the last Administration I believe changed the 
prosecutor's role and, instead of focusing on public safety 
issues, they focused on political agendas and advanced the 
political agenda. This manifested itself in many of the cases 
the Chair spoke about earlier. It led to a severe distrust in 
the criminal justice system and the FBI. Meanwhile, Americans 
became less safe because the focus was on political agendas 
rather than public safety issues.
    One of the most egregious examples that has been referenced 
a lot, but I think it is important here, is the investigation 
into the school boards or the parents speaking out at the 
school boards. This came, the timing of this is critical.
    First, it was toward the beginning of the Biden 
Administration so it sort of set the tone. The other part is 
this occurred in October 2021, when the election in Virginia, 
as well as in New Jersey, the most critical issue, most 
important issue, was the school issues involving COVID policy 
as well as curriculum.
    With some information about threats that came in--I think 
there is dispute about how it came in, but a lot of information 
that may have come in from teachers' unions and things like 
that--the Attorney General of the United States created a task 
force for these parents that consisted of the Criminal Division 
of DOJ, the Civil Rights Division, the National Security 
Division, the Executive Office of U.S. Attorneys, the FBI, the 
Community Relations Service which I didn't know exists, and the 
Office of Justice Programs. He also ordered the U.S. Attorneys, 
each U.S. Attorney, to convene meetings with local officials to 
supposedly learn more about these threats.
    This was within 30 days of his memo, which was early 
October. Coincidentally, the election with the biggest issue on 
the table was November of that year.
    After all this attention, there was not a single Federal 
prosecution that was brought as a result. However, the harm to 
the system and to the individuals was profound. The specter of 
law enforcement investigating what you say at a school board 
meeting not only intimidated parents who have spoken up, that 
may have wanted to speak up but also marginalized them so other 
people that might agree with their stance when they see them 
labeled as terrorists, it would have a political impact.
    So, that is one of the things I think is most egregious 
about the weaponization.
    I know my time is near. In all these cases the Department 
of Justice had to make decisions, whether it was January 6th, 
whether it is the protest outside a Supreme Court Justice's 
home, whether or not where to put your resources. Do you put 
them into public safety, or do you prosecute the 1,500th person 
that came into the Capitol on January 6th, while carjackers 
were not being prosecuted, while murderers were not being 
investigated fully?
    That is really the issue here. The American people suffered 
during the last four years, because crime was higher and it was 
higher in many respects because the attention was not focused 
on what affected the community.
    Going forward, I hope this new Department of Justice will 
focus on issues from the bottom up, to not politicize anything, 
to focus on what affects people day to day on the street, 
whether it's fentanyl trafficking, gangs, human trafficking, 
and other kinds of violence. I believe if they do that, the 
American people will be well served, they will be safer, and 
they will restore, this will restore credibility for the 
Justice Department and the justice system as a whole.
    I thank you for your time.
    [The prepared statement of Mr. Fahey follows:]
    [GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    
    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you, Mr. Fahey.
    Mr. Breen, you may begin.

                    STATEMENT OF PETER BREEN

    Mr. Breen. Thank you, Mr. Chair, Ranking Member, and the 
Members of the Committee.
    As noted before, I am honored to lead the Society's 
national litigation team. Our dedicated professionals work in 
State and Federal courts across the country to defend the 
Constitutional rights and, really, the rights of every 
American.
    Relevant to today's hearing, as noted, I am proud to have 
led the defense of Mark Houck for the Society. Our team has 
represented dozens of other prolife Americans against the 
unprecedented assault on them by the Biden Department of 
Justice. Numerous criminal prosecutions were brought, civil 
cases across the country
    Now, the Biden DOJ engaged in a systematic campaign to 
abuse the power of the Federal Government against prolife 
advocates, while that same DOJ ignored hundreds of acts of 
vandalism and violence against prolife churches, pregnancy help 
centers, and other advocates.
    On behalf of our clients in the prolife movement as a whole 
we are thankful to President Trump for his recent pardons, and 
to the Members of this House who supported that effort. Those 
pardons sent a powerful message to the country, and especially 
to the millions of Americans in the prolife movement, that the 
Federal Government should not be weaponized against Americans 
because of their sincere beliefs in the sanctity of human life.
    We are grateful as well for the actions of the Trump DOJ, 
its Chief of Staff, who issued the memorandum directing the 
dismissal of the prosecutions and civil lawsuits against our 
clients. That memo highlighted the fact that the Biden DOJ 
selectively prosecuted and enforced the law against our folks, 
while ignoring the many acts on the other side.
    You may have heard some of the stories of these advocates.
    There is Paul Vaughn, the Evangelical Christian father of 
11 whose children were outside waiting to go to school when 
heavily armed Federal agents rolled up, held his kids at bay as 
other agents then arrested their father. Paul didn't even block 
access to a clinic. He was there to give moral and spiritual 
support to those who did. Still, the DOJ charged him with a 
FACE Act violation and a felony ``Conspiracy Against Rights.'' 
While he escaped prison time, others did not.
    Because of that ``Conspiracy Against Rights'' felony, we 
have had numerous clients who have received multiple-year 
prison sentences, especially in Washington, DC.
    You heard about Mark Houck, of course. Twenty Federal 
agents at dawn directed their guns at him and his family, took 
him away in handcuffs. The thing is, we offered to present Mark 
to the prosecution. Had he been anybody but Mark Houck, we 
would have been allowed to do so. Instead, they spent those law 
enforcement resources creating an incredibly dangerous 
situation on his front lawn outside Philadelphia.
    Now, we did beat the Biden DOJ in the Mark Houck case, 
winning that unanimous not guilty verdict from the Phillie 
jury. After that win, the DOJ under Biden did not prosecute 
another sidewalk counselor.
    See, because at the same time, you may not have heard, the 
Biden DOJ was investigating numerous other sidewalk scuffles at 
abortion facilities coast to coast. We had numerous clients 
contacted by the FBI in connection with those incidents. Had we 
not won for Mark, and won so definitively and publicly, we are 
sure that there would have been a wave of Houck-style 
prosecutions, Federalizing minor sidewalk squabbles across the 
country.
    Now that the President has acted, the DOJ is cleaned out, 
and our clients' criminal records are wiped clean, is the 
matter concluded? Absolutely not.
    Because of the actions of the Biden DOJ, which mirrored to 
some extent the actions of the Obama DOJ, the Sword of Damocles 
still hangs over prolife advocates. There are long statutes of 
limitations on these Federal laws. So, folks remain in fear 
that some future administration will twist the law and come 
after them. Some of those Biden prosecutions were for actions 
under the first, that were taken under the first Trump 
Administration.
    The DOJ's recent dismissals were ordered on the basis of 
selective prosecution, and did not necessarily recognize that 
the underlying laws don't apply to the conduct.
    So, of course, while we urge the Congress to repeal the 
FACE act, which is selectively and illegally enforced, we do 
have several other concrete steps that we would recommend.
    First, as noted, this Committee is very much needed because 
you need, respectfully, to continue to investigate and expose 
the misuse of the FBI and DOJ over the past four years against 
prolife Americans. Sunlight is the best disinfectant. This 
Subcommittee has a lot of light to bring.
    Second, we would ask that you urge the Trump Administration 
to bring to justice those who committed the violence and 
vandalism. If the FACE Act is going to remain on the books, it 
should be enforced equally.
    Third, there are some very concrete things that the DOJ can 
do to properly define the scope of the FACE Act and the 
``Conspiracy Against Rights'' statute, and can take far more 
written positions on those laws that will help to prevent this 
going forward:

    (1)  Recognize that Congress intended the FACE Act not to 
apply to sidewalk squabbles. That was agreed to by Senator Ted 
Kennedy. It has been on the record from over 30 years ago. They 
agreed to that as part of passing this act. It has been wiped 
away and ignored ever since. That needs to be recognized.
    (2)  We need to make clear the FACE Act's ``physical 
obstruction'' doesn't apply to peaceable counseling activity 
that does not intentionally obstruct a patient or an abortion 
provider. The Biden DOJ advanced a contrary theory, which 
mirrored the Obama DOJ before it. The New York Attorney General 
is continuing that action right now. That needs to stop.
    (3)  Again, that recognize that FACE cannot be applied to 
others who are not actually blocking the clinic without running 
afoul of the First Amendment.
    (4)  Get rid of this ``Conspiracy Against Rights'' statute 
application because its 10-year felony provisions cannot be 
applied to prolife advocates at all.

    Thank you, Mr. Chair.
    [The prepared statement of Mr. Breen follows:]
   [GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    
    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you, Mr. Breen.
    Mr. Ballou, you may begin.

                  STATEMENT OF BRENDAN BALLOU

    Mr. Ballou. Thank you. As mentioned, my name is Brendan 
Ballou, I serve in the Justice Department's National Security 
and Antitrust Divisions, and for two years was detailed to 
prosecute crimes stemming from the attack on the Capitol. It is 
important to remember that approximately one hundred and forty 
police officers were assaulted by rioters on January 6, 2021. 
One officer told me that he feared for his life more that day 
than during his entire deployment to Afghanistan in 2001.
    Another told me that he texted his family that afternoon 
because he expected to die. The work we did was about getting 
justice for those officers. Justice is only possible when 
Federal prosecutors have credibility, and I want to explain how 
the Justice Department built that credibility over many 
decades, and how it is being destroyed in a matter of weeks.
    After Watergate and the Nixon Administration, Congress and 
the Executive built protections to make it less likely that the 
Department's powers would be abused. The Offices of 
Professional Responsibility and Inspector General were created. 
The Department limited communications with the White House, and 
FBI officials began regularly testifying before Congressional 
Committees like this one.
    Investigations into activists were largely ended, and the 
Department refocused its energy on public corruption. In the 
past month the Administration has largely destroyed these 
reforms, and refocused the Department away from prosecuting the 
corrupt, and toward favoring friends, and investigating 
enemies. To give just a few examples, most obviously the 
President pardoned nearly 1,600 rioters who stormed the Capitol 
and its grounds in the President's name.
    Including rioters whom I helped prosecute, who punched 
officers, who dragged them into the crowd, and who speared them 
with flagpoles. The acting D.C. U.S. Attorneys threatened 
investigations into various perceived enemies of the 
Administration, including Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, 
and former Special Counsel Jack Smith. The Department has 
largely stopped enforcing the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 
which prohibits bribery, prosecuting cases under the Foreign 
Agents Registration Act, which prohibits secret work on behalf 
of a foreign power.
    Pursuing the work of the Kleptocapture Task Force, which 
enforce sanctions against Russian oligarchs. The Administration 
also threatened to fire the attorneys of the public integrity 
section, who prosecuted corrupt politicians. Now, there is an 
effort to draw a false equivalency between these actions over 
the last month, and those of recent administrations.
    Either to argue that what is happening now is nothing new, 
or that if it is, it deserves retribution. This attempt at 
equivalence, however, is a mistake for two reasons. First, a 
weaponized Justice Department endangers anyone involved in 
politics, no matter their political persuasion. Since the 
President pardoned the Capitol rioters, FBI agents have been 
subject to personal and specific threats of violence.
    These threats have no party limits, just this weekend at a 
conservative political conference speakers considered 
insufficiently loyal to the President were threatened, and told 
that pipe bombs had been planted in the building.
    Second, a weaponized Justice Department corrupts all of 
society, makes life harder, and more expensive for people far 
from politics.
    For instance, The Wall Street Journal reports that 
executives at Twitter recently demanded that a company 
advertise on its platform, and intimated that the Government 
might stop or slow a proposed merger if it did not. This is an 
attempt to use the tools of the Justice Department to enrich 
one politically connected business, and it is how an oligarchy 
is created.
    The actions of the past month should concern us all, 
largely ending foreign bribery and corruption cases, and 
threatening to fire public corruption prosecutors, 
investigating political enemies while putting political friends 
above the law. These are all efforts to return us to the time 
of Watergate, and it harms you no matter your political 
beliefs.
    The only people who will benefit from these actions will be 
billionaire criminals, and for them this will be a golden age. 
Thank you.
    [The prepared statement of Mr. Ballou follows:]
   [GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    
    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you, Mr. Ballou. We're now going to 
proceed under the five-minute rule with questions.
    The Chair will recognize the gentleman from Alabama, Barry 
Moore.
    Mr. Moore. Thank you, Mr. Chair. I appreciate the witnesses 
being here today. The Biden-Harris DOJ enabled hyper partisan 
prosecutors, in particular, former Special Counsel Jack Smith 
to criminalize politics in America. Smith's approach to the 
prosecutorial process raised many concerns among experts 
related to what his actions would meant to the future of the 
DOJ.
    In addition to his storied investigations, Smith personally 
led, he also coordinated with Fani Willis to help with her 
politically motivated prosecution of President Trump. Willis 
was also given disproportionate assistance from the January 6th 
Committee, receiving records simultaneously with help from us 
in Congress and law enforcement.
    Meanwhile, Matthew Colangelo, an attorney known for waging 
lawfare against Trump during his first term as President, left 
the elite position at the Biden-Harris DOJ to work with a 
Manhattan district attorney by the name of Alvin Bragg, where 
he led the prosecution of President Trump. Mr. Fahey, what are 
your thoughts generally on the investigations led by former 
Special Counsel Jack Smith?
    Mr. Fahey. Generally, they were--I would characterize them 
as heavy handed in all respects. You look at this from, which 
is sort of the point I was trying to make, is when you are 
doing something, when you are focusing on something, you are 
not focusing on something else, but it is also heavy handed to 
the way other cases are prosecuted by the Justice Department.
    The best example of the Jack Smith case is to compare that 
to how Robert Hur handled President Biden. You have, just when 
you focus on Mar-a-Lago, you have President Biden, who when he 
was in the Senate managed to get a hold of classified 
information that shows up at his house. When he's Vice 
President, he left office and managed to keep classified 
information.
    He kept this in his home, he kept this at the Biden Center, 
I think there was one other location. Robert Hur wrote a report 
describing all that, more than ample evidence, he described his 
cognitive deficiencies, but there were no heavy-handed measures 
taken. It wasn't interview everyone until the cows come home, 
and ultimately, he came to a measured decision for conduct that 
arguably is more egregious than what President Trump did.
    Because President Trump allegedly, all the classified 
information that he allegedly had, he was allowed to have it at 
the beginning. President Biden at the time was never allowed to 
have this information. He was also treated quite a bit 
differently, when he turned in the information when it first 
came about, which was before the election of 2022, the Justice 
Department kept that quiet.
    He turns it in through his lawyer, and then he proceeded to 
turn in more information over the period of the next couple of 
months, I think until about December. Why that is important, 
nobody raided his home, nobody did any heavy-handed moves, they 
let him turn it in at his convenience, at his leisure, and 
ultimately they did a consent search because it seemed like 
every time he turned around there is more classified 
information in his house.
    So, then you compare that to President Trump with they were 
negotiating with NARA, they were in a far more secure location 
than his garage, and how was that treated? They ran up in his 
house, they were searching his wife's, where she keeps her 
clothes, and intimate clothing, and things like that to get 
items. It was always under the guise of this is so serious to 
get these items back because our national security is at risk. 
When it was Biden, it was sort of like--
    Mr. Moore. In the garage, around the car, in open boxes, it 
was fine.
    Mr. Fahey. Yes, just swing it by when you have a chance.
    Mr. Moore. Yes, sure. So, are you familiar with the 2013 
IRS scandal that targeted conservative nonprofit organizations, 
are you familiar with that?
    Mr. Fahey. The Lois Lerner?
    Mr. Moore. Yes, and actually--
    Mr. Fahey. I am, but not intimately, yes.
    Mr. Moore. Well, I understand Jack Smith actually, he 
encouraged the Department of Justice to contact the IRS and 
continue that process going after those conservatives wherever 
they may be. Mr. Swecker, I know you served with the FBI for 
some time, and I appreciate your service. What about the raid 
to Mar-a-Lago to you stood out? I know we had some other FBI 
officials testify and tell us what they thought, and so as we 
look through this process, what about it to you stand out?
    Mr. Swecker. Just the fact that they did it at all. There 
is a lot of discretion in investigations, there is a lot of 
discretion in prosecutions. I was a prosecutor, I was an agent, 
and I know it from both angles. I just think it was never in 
the best interest of the American public for them, they are 
during negotiations where there were a lot of issues that were 
being discussed between lawyers.
    The information, the documents were secure, and they 
weren't going anywhere, unlike Hillary Clinton's server, which 
was the most least secure place you could ever store 
information, is on a server, anybody can get to it.
    Mr. Moore. I thought it was interesting, they handled it 
from the Washington Field Office rather than the Miami Field 
Office when they raided his home, and I kind of thought that 
was rather unusual.
    Mr. Swecker. Highly unusual, and that search was conducted 
over the objection of the Assistant Director in charge of the 
Washington Field Office.
    Mr. Moore. With that, Mr. Chair, I'm out of time, I yield 
back.
    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you.
    Ms. Crockett. Mr. Chair, I do have a UC request.
    Mr. Van Drew. OK.
    Ms. Crockett. I would ask for unanimous consent, I would 
like to enter into the record the full transcript with Steven 
D'Antuono, I may be saying that incorrectly, Antuono, the 
Assistant Director in charge of FBI's Washington Field Office.
    Mr. Van Drew. Without objection.
    Ms. Crockett. Thank you so much, I have got one more, 
sorry. I would also like to introduce an article titled 
``Donald Trump Stored, Showed Off, and Refused to Return 
Classified Documents, Indictments.''
    Mr. Van Drew. Without objection.
    Ms. Crockett. Thank you so much.
    Mr. Van Drew. The Chair now recognizes the gentleman from 
Georgia for five minutes.
    Mr. Johnson. Thank you, Mr. Chair, and I thank the 
witnesses for your testimony today, let's see. Trump is purging 
experienced career civil servants and filling their roles with 
inexperienced sycophants who will do whatever they are told to 
do no matter how unlawful or unconstitutional the ask, and the 
American people are focused on that real threat to our 
democracy, and to the rule of law that is poised by this Trump 
Administration.
    So, they are too smart to be distracted by Republicans' 
tired conspiracy theories, and that is exactly what we are 
getting today. Now, Mr. Ballou, you are familiar with Danielle 
Sassoon, are you not?
    Mr. Ballou. I am, sir.
    Mr. Johnson. You know here to be a Federalist Society 
member?
    Mr. Ballou. She is.
    Mr. Johnson. A former law clerk to Antonin Scalia?
    Mr. Ballou. She is.
    Mr. Johnson. Anti-LGBTQ rights, anticivil-rights, a blazing 
Right-wing extremist, isn't that correct?
    Mr. Ballou. He was an extremely conservative jurist.
    Mr. Johnson. No, I am talking about Danielle Sassoon.
    Mr. Ballou. I can't speak to Ms. Sassoon's personal 
opinions about those specific legal issues.
    Mr. Johnson. She is, as you described Justice Scalia, but 
even she could not stomach the prospect of being a party to a 
quid pro quo in the Eric Adams case, could she?
    Mr. Ballou. No, sir.
    Mr. Johnson. Dropping charges for illegitimate reasons, she 
didn't want to have a hand in that, she was too principled to 
participate in that. Because we know that when you drop charges 
against someone for an illegitimate purpose, a quid pro quo, 
Eric Adams, to force him over a barrel to carry out your 
deportation political agenda in return for dropping the charges 
against him eventually, but hanging it over his head with a 
dismissal without prejudice, she did not want to be a party to 
such an illegitimate bargain.
    We know that if you drop a charge, you will also institute 
charges for political purposes, for illegitimate purposes. Is 
that not the essence of weaponizing the Justice Department?
    Mr. Ballou. Yes, absolutely, sir. The concern here is that 
criminal prosecutions would be used to achieve unrelated policy 
objectives in the case of the Eric Adams scandal. The reason 
that we don't do that is because the powers of prosecutors are 
so vast that once that happens people will follow government 
directives not because they want to, or believe in it, but 
simply because they fear retribution if they don't.
    Mr. Johnson. Thank you. In your testimony you talked about 
how this administration has corrupted the guard rails that 
existed in the Department of Justice with respect to reforms 
put in place after the abuse during the Republican Nixon 
Administration. You talked about how guard rails have been 
destroyed insofar as favoring friends of this administration, 
what did you mean by that specifically?
    Mr. Ballou. Well, I think we are seeing this in The Wall 
Street Journal reporting about potentially X, or Twitter trying 
to get advertisers back on their site, and if they don't, well 
then the Government will investigate them, and potentially stop 
a merger.
    Mr. Johnson. This is the Co-President of the United States, 
who by the way, was unelected and hails from apartheid South 
Africa trying to leverage his position as Co-President to gain 
something for his platform that spews mis- and disinformation 
publicly.
    Mr. Ballou. Yes, when the Government is used in that way, 
it harms everybody far from politics, because it increases 
prices, and it interferes with the free economy.
    Mr. Johnson. Yes, I can't think of a greater threat to 
democracy than a guy like Elon Musk set free, or set loose by a 
President Donald Trump, who was duly elected, but has 
outsourced now, and privatized his administration to an 
oligarch billionaire, and his other billionaire buddies.
    With that, I yield back.
    Mr. Van Drew. OK, I am going to recognize myself for five 
minutes. Mr. Swecker, when did you first become aware of the 
FBI's memo targeting traditional Roman Catholics?
    Mr. Swecker. Well, I don't know the exact date, but it was 
when it hit the press.
    Mr. Van Drew. I don't need the exact date.
    Mr. Swecker. As soon as it hit the press, I found out about 
it when everybody else did.
    Mr. Van Drew. Did you get the opportunity to review the 
memo that came from the Virginia Field Office, did you take a 
look at it?
    Mr. Swecker. I did, I don't remember all the details in it, 
but it was a very ill-advised memo.
    Mr. Van Drew. Did it strike you in a bad way?
    Mr. Swecker. Of course it did, I think it would strike 
anybody in a bad way, I am Catholic, not that this matters, but 
just singling out a religion, and religious beliefs in the way 
that they did. Frankly though, I don't know how much play that 
really got further up the food chain, but it was an 
incredibly--it just demonstrated incredibly poor judgment.
    Mr. Van Drew. We asked the then Attorney General about it, 
we asked the then FBI Director about it, they both in essence 
apologized, but said it was only limited to the Virginia Field 
Office. Then, fortunately there were other whistleblowers, we 
got information it wasn't only limited, this was starting to go 
throughout the country, thank God we found out about it.
    As I said before, my good Hindu friends, men of peace, 
human beings of peace that never would do anything harmful, if 
it happened to Roman Catholics, and I happen to be Roman 
Catholic as well, it can happen to anyone.
    Mr. Swecker. I think it does reflect that there were some 
ideologues deep in the--it wasn't just the leadership in the 
Bureau.
    Mr. Van Drew. It does, you can't believe otherwise, I mean 
it just didn't make sense, it was shocking for America. Do you 
believe the memo infringed on Americans' rights under our 
Constitution to some degree?
    Mr. Swecker. Absolutely, especially if they had followed 
through on it aggressively, like they did other things.
    Mr. Van Drew. The memo stated, let me read this, I am 
quoting now ``Catalyzing events in which regionally motivated 
violent extremists, and radical traditional Catholics.'' I am 
not sure what the hell that means, to be honest with you.
    Mr. Swecker. They were calling them domestic terrorists 
essentially.
    Mr. Van Drew. I don't know, I try to go to mass when I can, 
I honest to God, I don't see too many--I don't see any domestic 
terrorists there. They said they might have a common cause 
including legislation or judicial decisions in areas such as 
abortion rates, immigration, affirmative action, and LGBTQ 
protections. Isn't that their right? Is it typical for the FBI 
to dig into something like that?
    Mr. Swecker. Not the FBI I served under. Actually, Chris 
Wray made a lot of mistakes, but he apologized for that one, I 
think that is the one that got away, it should never even have 
been--
    Mr. Van Drew. I think they were even shocked that they had 
that level of an ideologue actually and I believe that they 
were being sincere. I know that the Attorney General at the 
time almost cried, maybe he did a little bit actually. Do you 
think the FBI needs stricter control over how these bulletins 
are created and distributed, hopefully they will now?
    Mr. Swecker. I do. A lot of it is judgment based, and it is 
who you hire, and the examples that are set at the top of--in 
this case the FBI. There is no substitute for just good 
judgment as things--I saw a lot of junk come out of a squad 
room, reports and that sort of thing, and if you are at the 
supervisory level, you just cancel that out, you squelch it 
right there.
    Mr. Van Drew. OK. So, I am going to ask the three of you, 
Mr. Swecker, Mr. Fahey, Mr. Breen, some real quick questions, 
it is something I always like to do, I like to get to the 
point, it is either yes or no, not a long answer to this, and I 
will start with you, Mr. Swecker. Do you believe the DOJ was 
weaponized against political opponents, yes or no?
    Mr. Swecker. Yes, I think there are many examples of that.
    Mr. Van Drew. Mr. Fahey?
    Mr. Fahey. Yes, I do.
    Mr. Van Drew. Mr. Breen?
    Mr. Breen. Yes, absolutely.
    Mr. Van Drew. Should Federal law enforcement agencies 
surveil parents at school board meetings? Yes or no, Mr. 
Swecker?
    Mr. Swecker. No.
    Mr. Fahey. No.
    Mr. Breen. No.
    Mr. Van Drew. Was it appropriate for a DOJ official to 
pressure a defense lawyer with a judgeship offer? Yes or no, 
Mr. Swecker?
    Mr. Fahey. If that happened, no.
    Mr. Van Drew. It did, we have--
    Mr. Fahey. Yes, I have heard information, I just don't know 
definitively, but yes.
    Mr. Breen. Correct, outrageous.
    Mr. Van Drew. Is it acceptable for the FBI to categorize 
certain religious groups in the way that they did? Yes or no?
    Mr. Swecker. No.
    Mr. Fahey. No.
    Mr. Breen. Absolutely not.
    Mr. Van Drew. I think everybody, God help us, agrees on 
that one, even my friends on the other side of the aisle here 
might. Do you believe there is currently, or was currently, 
that there was a twotiered system of justice in America? Yes or 
no?
    Mr. Swecker. Yes, many examples of that.
    Mr. Van Drew. There are so many.
    Mr. Fahey. Yes.
    Mr. Breen. Yes, and we lived through it.
    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you. I think it makes our point, and I 
am almost out of time myself.
    Ms. Crockett, the Ranking Member--I am sorry, Mr. 
Moskowitz.
    Mr. Moskowitz. Thank you, Mr. Chair, I appreciate it. Thank 
you, gentlemen, for coming to today's hearing entitled 
``Entering the Golden Age.'' Probably named it that because the 
price of eggs are the price of gold, but here we are. Chair 
Drew mentioned something, he said, ``the people's Justice 
Department,'' I actually think that is very important. 
Unfortunately, the D.C. U.S. Attorney Ed Martin disagrees with 
him, because he calls himself Trump's Attorney, his own words 
in his own statements.
    He doesn't say the people's attorney, he doesn't say the 
Justice Department's attorney, he said he's President Trump's 
lawyer. So, it seems to me that those two things are not 
accurate. Mr. Swecker, you think a U.S. attorney is the 
President's attorney, or the Department of Justice's attorney?
    Mr. Swecker. The people's attorney.
    Mr. Moskowitz. The people's attorney, OK.
    Mr. Swecker. The President has a White House counsel.
    Mr. Moskowitz. Right, OK, so I just wanted to clear that 
up, maybe someone should send a quick email to Ed Martin, maybe 
we can get someone in DOGE to do that, they like emailing 
people with like five things to do. Maybe like someone could 
say hey, Mr. Martin, of the five things to do, No. 1, make sure 
you know who your client is, it is America, not the President.
    You know he's also sending letters to Members of Congress, 
are you aware of that, Mr. Fahey?
    Mr. Fahey. Yes, I think if you are referring to the Chuck 
Schumer letter, yes.
    Mr. Moskowitz. No, he is sending letters to Members of the 
House asking them to clarify statements.
    Mr. Fahey. When he made those statements, or--
    Mr. Moskowitz. Yes, which is weird, because literally that 
same week he sent a letter, this Committee literally held a 
whole hearing on free speech, right?
    Mr. Fahey. Right.
    Mr. Moskowitz. Then all of a sudden the D.C. attorney is 
sending letters asking Members of Congress to clarify.
    Mr. Fahey. Those are tricky situations, the Schumer thing, 
if that was not Chuck Schumer, and just a regular person 
outside of the Supreme Court, I believe that person would at 
least be investigated for threats, whether or not it comes out. 
Those are tricky, but I don't think those are so clear cut, 
because there is--you don't have a free speech right to 
threaten people, threaten justices--
    Mr. Moskowitz. No, of course not.
    Mr. Fahey. So, I don't see--I see your point, and that may 
be how it breaks out, but I don't think it is inappropriate to 
look a step further in those types of things.
    Mr. Moskowitz. We hear a lot about weaponization, and my 
colleagues across the aisle, they are the bravado party, we can 
admit that, right? The Republicans just have a lot more bravado 
than Democrats, and I am OK admitting that. They seem to just 
not want to--they are like coy on this one. They are not 
interested in ending the weaponization of the DOJ, they want to 
continue it.
    In fact, the deep State gave them a bad idea, and they are 
going to run with it. In fact, not only are they going to run 
with it, man, they are going to do it even better than the deep 
State. They just hired pacifist Dan Bongino, right? Dan 
Bongino, that seems to be very against this idea that we want 
to end weaponization. Dan, who says Americans are having a cold 
war among themselves, who says that the only thing that matters 
is power, a system of checks and balances, hah, that is a good 
one.
    That doesn't seem to be someone that wants to end the 
weaponization, it seems someone who is going to be given power, 
and wants to continue the weaponization. I have a question, 
will you gentlemen all come back in let's say a year, and give 
us your assessment of whether or not we have ended the 
weaponization? We will do just a quick OK, you are here now, 
and then like a year later you will come back, and we will be 
like by the way, mission accomplished.
    We will get a big banner, we will fly a plane, and mission 
accomplished. Or will you come back and admit you know, it 
looks like it is continuing to go on. OK, not all at once.
    Mr. Fahey. Depending on the scheduling, sure.
    Mr. Moskowitz. Sure, we don't have to pick a date now, it 
is fine.
    Mr. Swecker. I thought it was a rhetorical question, but 
yes, we will come back.
    Mr. Moskowitz. It was rhetorical, OK, fair, someone was 
paying attention. So, there has got to be at least one of my 
colleagues who can get in front of the camera, and be the tough 
guy, and just be like we are not ending the weaponization, no, 
no, no, the deep State started it, we are going to run with it, 
because we have already seen that. In the appointments in the 
first couple of weeks, I don't need honesty because we are in 
Congress.
    What I want is we already know, the American people know, 
they know this, we don't need to hide, just tell the American 
people what they know, revenge tour is coming, we are going to 
have tour dates, we are going to show up, we are going to play 
arenas, but the DOJ revenge tour is coming. Thank you.
    Mr. Van Drew. OK, two things. First, I would love to have 
you back in a year, let's try to make that a date, it may not 
be exactly one year, it could be 11 months, it could be 13 
months--
    Mr. Moskowitz. I don't think they want to come, Mr. Chair.
    Mr. Van Drew. I think--let me ask--I think you scared them 
a little bit. I bet you would be willing to come, including 
you, Mr. Ballou.
    Second, really quick Mr. Moskowitz, I love your sense of 
humor, you have got to always have a sense of humor as you go 
through things, you are pretty good at it.
    Mr. Moskowitz. That is true, I agree.
    Ms. Crockett. Mr. Chair, I have a unanimous consent. I 
would like to introduce for the record the letter from the 
Department of Justice Office of Inspector General related to 
the Richmond memo that stated we did not find evidence saying 
anyone ordered--
    Mr. Van Drew. Without objection.
    Ms. Crockett. Objected to find a link between racially 
motivated--
    Mr. Van Drew. Without objection.
    Ms. Crockett. OK. I would also like to introduce an article 
titled, ``Jim Jordan's New Myth, an Anti-Catholic FBI.''
    Mr. Van Drew. Without objection.
    Ms. Crockett. The final one I would like to introduce is an 
article from Fox News noting that the FBI was absolved of 
malicious intent in the Catholic memo incident.
    Mr. Van Drew. Without objection.
    Ms. Crockett. Thank you.
    Mr. Van Drew. Some people wrote a bad memo.
    Anyhow, I now recognize the gentleman from the great State 
of Missouri, Dr. Onder.
    Mr. Onder. Thank you, Mr. Chair, and thank you all for 
coming today. Mr. Breen, on September 23, 2022, the FBI raided 
the home of your client, Mark Houck, following an indictment 
charging FACE Act violations based on an alleged shoving 
incident that took place where he was defending his son near an 
abortion clinic. Mr. Breen, if my memory serves right, other 
prosecutors had looked at that case, the Houck case prior to 
the SWAT team raid, could you refresh my memory on that?
    Mr. Breen. Yes, Congressman. In fact, it had been 
prosecuted through the State level system, and the charges were 
dropped because the complaining witness refused to show up. In 
fact, he had gone on vacation one time, one time he actually 
went to the abortion facility to escort, and when Mark arrived, 
they went to court, he wasn't there, Mark arrived, said, ``Did 
you enjoy your morning at court?'' This guy was the complaining 
witness.
    So, that was looked through there, but even on the Federal 
side, they had started in front of a grand jury and went 
fallow, it just stopped. Then the Dobbs leak hits, all this, 
and we watched it then restart up, and they get out an 
indictment. So, it was clearly something that was related to 
trying to make a point on abortion, not because he had actually 
committed a crime.
    Mr. Onder. Right, so dropped on the State level, dropped on 
the Federal level, then resurrected, and then did your client 
do something violent, or threaten someone, or something to 
merit twenty-five SWAT officers that morning?
    Mr. Breen. No, and in fact I can show you the email from my 
colleague, who was a former Federal prosecutor for 15 years in 
Arizona. He had corresponded with the local U.S. attorney who 
had requested response. Said, ``hey, if you want, we will 
present him, we are glad to, he is represented, certainly no 
need, there wasn't a need to send 25 officers.'' For heaven's 
sakes, you send one or two to the door and knock on it if you 
really want to go arrest him.
    Mr. Onder. Right.
    Mr. Breen. This was outrageous, and we have seen video of 
it, I mean--
    Mr. Onder. Maybe talk to his lawyer and ask him to appear 
in court.
    Mr. Breen. Right, and this was our thing. Our local lawyer 
said if this guy was anyone but him, he would have been brought 
in to present. They let people that are much, much more 
dangerous and violent present. Mark did something, and we found 
out after we went into the case, we realized no one had gone 
back into the legislative history of the FACE Act.
    Senator Kennedy and Senator Durenberger literally on the 
floor of the Senate cut a deal, and said we are not getting in 
the middle of the sidewalk squabbles.
    Mr. Onder. Right.
    Mr. Breen. I have got to tell you, as a good Republican, we 
don't like legislative history, it is a thing for the 
Republicans, I am a former legislator, I love legislative 
history. For heaven's sakes, for you guys, I mean you guys in 
the Congress did this, so I think you should be asserting your 
rights to say stop it.
    Mr. Onder. Right.
    Mr. Breen. You are expanding this law beyond our intent.
    Mr. Onder. Right, right. So, if Mark Houck wasn't the kind 
of defendant, the suspect that would merit this kind of 
treatment, this must have been the Department of Justice 
sending a political message on abortion.
    Mr. Breen. Main Justice sent people into the Eastern 
District of Pennsylvania, and look, Philadelphia is a rough 
area. In fact, our trial judge, who is an experienced 
prosecutor, is a former Pennsylvania Attorney General, he said,

        I have never in my time on the bench had main Justice send 
        someone out to prosecute a case in the Eastern District of 
        Pennsylvania.

    Mr. Onder. Well, let me talk about another case of a very 
dangerous criminal defendant. You might be familiar with Mr. 
Houck, on January 23rd, President Trump announced the pardons 
for 23 prolife advocates. One of these was Eva Edl, who at 89 
years old faced a sentence of up to 11 years in Federal prison. 
Eva was a Soviet concentration camp survivor who was charged 
with singing and praying from her wheelchair at the entrance to 
an abortion facility.
    In 2022, at least 26 prolife advocates faced Federal 
charges for FACE Act violations. The same year pregnancy 
research centers experienced serious attacks, firebombings, and 
yet to my knowledge did not face any FACE Act prosecutions from 
the Biden Justice Department, am I correct on that?
    Mr. Breen. Yes, Congressman. I have specifically in mind a 
client in upState New York firebombed their facility, took them 
half a million dollars to rebuild it, and they told them we 
can't figure out who did it, and we can't get any answers from 
the police, we couldn't even get our surveillance video back. 
It just, it was outrageous when you look at the amount of 
Federal resources that are spent on our clients, that they 
couldn't even find these terrorists, actual, literal domestic 
terrorists.
    Mr. Onder. So, again, aggressive, aggressive prosecutorial 
action against prolifers, none against actual arsonists, and 
domestic terrorists. Would that be a politicization of the 
Justice Department?
    Mr. Breen. Absolutely, that is a politicization, and it is 
one that can be fixed with the new DOJ, and under the guidance 
of this Subcommittee.
    Mr. Onder. Thank you.
    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you. The Chair recognizes the gentleman 
from the great State of Maryland, Mr. Raskin, the Ranking 
Member.
    Mr. Raskin. Thank you very much, Mr. Chair. We have decades 
of excellent government law enforcement experience represented 
at the table. Unfortunately, I have only got five minutes.
    So, I want to go very quickly. I want to ask a few yes or 
no questions. I will start with Mr. Ballou, and I will go down.
    In your time as a prosecutor, have you been aware of any 
case where prosecutors have been fired or otherwise disciplined 
in office for having worked on a particular case that they were 
assigned to before January 6th?
    Mr. Ballou. Not until the last month.
    Mr. Raskin. Mr. Fahey--Mr. Breen, you are not a prosecutor, 
is that what you said?
    Mr. Breen. No, just an attorney.
    Mr. Raskin. OK. Mr. Fahey, in your years of government law 
enforcement, were you aware of any prosecutors whoever were 
disciplined, or demoted, or fired because they had worked on a 
particular case before January 6th?
    Mr. Fahey. Just for being assigned to a case? Or, beyond 
that? I know of people that may have been disciplined by their 
work on a case.
    Mr. Raskin. I am not talking about misconduct on a case, 
yes.
    Mr. Fahey. Just by being assigned, no.
    Mr. Raskin. By virtue of being on a team.
    Mr. Fahey. I don't know of any.
    Mr. Raskin. OK. Mr. Swecker, did you ever encounter that in 
your many years on the FBI?
    Mr. Swecker. Not based on mere assignment of a case. I will 
note that at the end of an administration, U.S. Attorneys 
routinely submit their resignations and usually are fine.
    Mr. Raskin. In terms of line prosecutors, civil service 
lawyers, you are not--or FBI agents rather, you are not aware 
of any--OK. Let me continue with you for a second.
    Have you heard of a case where participation as an FBI 
agent in a particular case is grounds for dismissal or demotion 
just for having worked on a particular case?
    Mr. Swecker. No. Absent misconduct.
    Mr. Raskin. OK. Mr. Ballou, back to you. So, a number of 
attorneys, around two dozen have been sacked just because they 
worked on a particular case.
    Even if they are civil service people, which means you 
can't be fired for political reasons, you can only be fired for 
poor performance or misconduct, but all the dozen attorneys who 
worked for Jack Smith, and a dozen attorneys were fired on the 
very first day, because they had worked on the January 6th 
prosecution.
    Will you describe what you think the lawfulness of that is? 
Then also, what effect will that have on morale and cohesion 
within the ranks of lawyers who work at the Department of 
Justice.
    Mr. Ballou. It certainly seems unlawful, in that these 
people were being fired not because of misconduct, but because 
of simply the cases that they were working on. Essentially, 
viewpoint discrimination.
    The effect is profound. These attorneys weren't just 
working on the January 6th cases, they were working on other 
cases within the D.C. U.S. Attorney's Office.
    Mr. Raskin. It is not viewpoint discrimination based on any 
of the viewpoints that they had. We have no idea what their 
viewpoints were, at least viewpoints based on the people who 
have come into the office who think that somehow it is a badge 
of stigma or shame to have worked on a particular case.
    Mr. Ballou. Precisely.
    Mr. Raskin. There were six thousand FBI agents who worked 
on January 6th, which was the most massive violent mob attack 
on U.S. Congress, and the peaceful transfer of power, and the 
Vice President, in American history.
    What do you think about the idea that somehow there was an 
attempt to demonize and vilify people for having done their 
jobs in working on it?
    Mr. Ballou. Yes. I think if they are demonized, if they are 
fired, it is going to be devastating for the FBI, because these 
are folks that are working on counterterrorism, 
counterespionage, and other cases.
    Mr. Raskin. Yes. So, Mr. Fahey, one other question for you. 
Do you think that the idea of sacking all these lawyers simply 
because of having worked on a particular case, will promote 
public safety in the District of Columbia, or undermine public 
safety in the District of Columbia?
    Mr. Fahey. If people are being fired just for the--I know 
the hypothetical. I don't know why individuals were fired, and 
if it was their conduct, or things that were interrelated.
    Overall, the morale is going to be far higher, because 
morale is rock bottom at DOJ, rock bottom at the FBI under the 
prior administration.
    Mr. Raskin. In the last four weeks, I agree with you on 
that.
    Mr. Fahey. No, no, no. During the prior administration. If 
you talk, if you bring in some law enforcement agents--
    Mr. Raskin. I would love a separate hearing on that. We 
will get back to you on that one.
    Mr. Fahey. Yes.
    Mr. Raskin. Mr. Ballou--
    Mr. Fahey. You have got to talk to them, because they are--
    Mr. Raskin. All right. We will have your back, I promise. I 
would love nothing more.
    Mr. Fahey. Yes.
    Mr. Raskin. Mr. Ballou, let me come back to you. I have 
heard, I was there on January 6th. So, I know that was 
something that really happened.
    Officer Brian Sicknick really died from strokes that he had 
based on the violence visited on him, and being sprayed in the 
face with noxious chemicals. He is buried at Arlington National 
Cemetery.
    I will take anyone with the Sicknick family over there to 
see him. This is not some kind of a mirage. This really 
happened.
    One hundred and forty of our officers were smashed in the 
face with Confederate battle flags, Trump flags, broken 
furniture, steel pipes, and you name it. There were heart 
attacks and traumatic brain injury.
    I have got constituents who have never recovered from the 
wounds that took place there. Sergeant Gonell had to leave 
there.
    When we talk about it, when I hear about the prosecution 
and vilification of parents, of mothers and fathers. Hey, I am 
a father. My kids went to public school. That doesn't sound 
very good to me.
    So, I try to get to the bottom of this, because I have been 
hearing about it for five years now. I ask myself, what are 
they talking about?
    So, I got the memo, which was from Attorney General Merrick 
Garland. It begins, I don't have time to read the whole thing, 
there has been a disturbing spike in harassment, intimidation, 
and threats of violence against school administrators, 
teachers, board members, and staff.
    The words mother or father don't appear. The word parents 
doesn't appear here. There is all this propaganda about some 
prosecution of parents based on absolutely nothing. This is 
just made up out of thin air.
    So, I will submit this for the record, the memo that all 
this goes back to, Mr. Chair. Thanks so much.
    Mr. Van Drew. Without objection. The Chair recognizes Mr. 
Schmidt from the great State of Kansas. I have got to remember 
that.
    Mr. Schmidt. Thank you, Mr. Chair. It will be on the exam 
at the end. Thank you very much.
    Mr. Chair, thank you for convening this hearing. Thank you 
to the witnesses, who I know have covered a wide range of 
subject matters today.
    I had a couple of questions regarding the school board 
matter, which I am not sure has been focused on perhaps as much 
as I might have thought it would have been.
    This is, of course, the matter from 2021, where the 
National School Board Association oddly, in my view, requested 
that the President of the United States initiated a Federal law 
enforcement investigation of, in effect, parents who had shown 
up at a variety of school board meetings around the country.
    In my view, understandably, they were distressed by some 
very difficult and ill-advised decisions that were made 
regarding masking, regarding shutting kids out of school, 
regarding a variety of other very unusual practices that 
occurred during the Covid period, and wanted to express their 
views on that to their locally elected officials who were 
making those decisions, perhaps much as we are doing here in a 
different scale.
    It struck me as very odd that we had, at the time, this 
private association asking for a Federal law enforcement 
investigation and that they directed their request to the 
President of the United States.
    So much so that, at the time, I was serving as Attorney 
General in Kansas, and about three weeks after that request 
came in and the Department of Justice had directed, as I 
recall, some of the local offices to take certain actions in 
terms of responding to threats was their top line, rather an 
odd assertion, given that there weren't any actual threats 
asserted in the request.
    A group of 17, I believe, State Attorneys General wrote to 
the President and to the then U.S. Attorney General, Mr. 
Garland, on October 18th, and asked them, in effect, what are 
you doing and why are you doing it?
    We expressed in that, a concern that they were being asked 
to intervene in what we called a quintessentially local issue, 
which is public safety in the room of a public governing body 
that was local.
    We asked that the President, and the then Attorney General, 
and others under their direction, take our point of view, that 
local authorities were perfectly capable of handling any 
threats in these local meetings, as they do each and every day 
all over the country, without this sort of fanfare. There were 
then some additional steps and the School Board Association, as 
I recall, backed off a bit of what they had asked for.
    Then, about a week after that, on October 26th, a smaller 
but still substantial group of 14 of us, followed up with a 
second letter to the President and to the Attorney General, 
asking that they take a look at the School Board Association's 
actions, and how those requests that were very odd, had come to 
pass.
    So, a handful of questions for our witnesses. I will start 
with Mr. Swecker, but perhaps also Mr. Fahey, in the course of 
all this, it came to light that there had been conversations 
between people at the White House and the School Board 
Association, functionally consulting on the drafting of this 
letter that then requested that Federal law enforcement 
investigation.
    In your experience, is that ordinary for the White House to 
be involved with a third-party outside organization, in asking 
that Federal law enforcement engage on a matter?
    Mr. Swecker. I can't come up with any examples of it during 
my tenure. The most disturbing thing about it, was that it was 
rolled out as a national initiative.
    It wasn't just an isolated instance where someone came in 
and said, I am going to set up a bomb in this meeting. It was 
people just like city council meetings, and county commission 
meetings, and boards of trustee meetings across the country, 
that is where people exercise their First Amendment rights.
    Clearly, this went way, way beyond that, in the form of a 
national level initiative.
    Mr. Schmidt. Have you ever seen anything like it?
    Mr. Swecker. No.
    Mr. Schmidt. Mr. Fahey?
    Mr. Fahey. I have never seen anything like it. Another 
thing that is striking about this, if you look at DOJ and they 
put together a task force on things like drug trafficking, 
terrorism, and human trafficking, it is usually major things.
    This was all of a sudden, whatever information they had, 
they nationalized this with a task force and every U.S. 
Attorney elevating it to a level. I am sure, you all know, 
threats are fairly common. I am sure what you do, and I dealt 
with them all the time at the U.S. Attorney's office.
    The idea that anything would have risen to this level, was 
really, it just shows that it was political in nature. Because, 
as you know, the issue of the day of that November election, 
both in New Jersey as well as Virginia, was that educational 
issue.
    Mr. Schmidt. Did any Federal prosecutions result from this 
use of resources?
    Mr. Fahey. My understanding was none. That is the other 
thing, if you put that much resources into it, the fact that 
you would come up with nothing, it just shows that there 
probably was nothing there to begin with.
    Mr. Raskin. Mr. Chair?
    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you.
    Mr. Raskin. May I just have a UC request?
    Mr. Van Drew. Yes. Without objection.
    Mr. Raskin. There are four articles. First, Reuters, 
``School Boards Get Death Threats Amid Rage Over Race, Gender, 
Mask Policies.'' That is February 15, 2022.
    Mr. Van Drew. Without objection.
    Mr. Raskin. Second, ``I Don't Want to Die for It--School 
Board Members Face Rising Threats.'' The New York Times, 
November 5, 2021.
    Mr. Van Drew. Without objection.
    Mr. Raskin. Third, a transcript with a former DOJ official 
describing death threats.
    Mr. Van Drew. Without objection.
    Mr. Raskin. Fourth, this note that appeared in The New York 
Times, ``It's too bad that your momma is an ugly communist 
whore, if she doesn't quite or resign then we will kill her, 
which was on the windshield of a school board member.''
    Mr. Van Drew. Without objection.
    Mr. Raskin. Thank you, Mr. Chair.
    Mr. Van Drew. I will now recognize the Ranking Member from 
the great State of Texas, Ms. Crockett.
    Ms. Crockett. Thank you so much, Mr. Chair. I just want to 
level set on a few things, because my head has been spinning 
from some of the testimony that we have heard today.
    So, just to level set really quickly. All of you have been 
involved with the criminal justice system in some way at some 
point in time in your lives.
    As it relates to January 6th, I just want to be clear, if 
anyone was incarcerated because of what happened on January 
6th, they either went to trial, or they entered pleas of 
guilty.
    Is that true or false? I will start with you, Mr. Swecker.
    Mr. Swecker. I really don't know.
    Ms. Crockett. OK. That is fine. Mr. Fahey?
    Mr. Fahey. Well, there would be--
    Ms. Crockett. Yes or no, Mr. Fahey. I ain't got that much 
time.
    Mr. Fahey. Well, it is not a yes or no. There were--
    Ms. Crockett. OK. Then, I will move on.
    Mr. Fahey. There were people who were incarcerated 
pretrial--
    Ms. Crockett. I am going to reclaim my time.
    Mr. Fahey. So, that is a separate category.
    Ms. Crockett. I am going to reclaim my time.
    Mr. Fahey. The people that were sentenced and incarcerated, 
yes.
    Ms. Crockett. OK. Thank you. Mr. Breen?
    Mr. Breen. Yes, assuming that this was the process. 
Although, I understand the trials were not fair.
    Ms. Crockett. Oh, interesting. OK. Mr. Ballou?
    Mr. Ballou. Every January 6th defendant who was 
incarcerated was charged or found guilty.
    Ms. Crockett. Thank you so much. It is interesting that we 
are not having a conversation around January 6th. We are 
talking about school boards. We are talking about people that 
never ended up being arrested.
    We are talking about the process seemingly working, because 
there were people that felt like there should be an 
investigation, but ultimately, they did not feel like there was 
anything that warranted going forward.
    I can tell you for sure that we as Americans watched in 
despair, because we did not know what was going to happen on 
January 6th. As a result, over a thousand people were arrested 
and/or convicted.
    The first day, the first priority that the sitting 
President had, was to release these criminals. So, while we are 
talking about whether or not we are going to be safe, I want to 
clarify, these weren't little innocent folk that were running 
around and were persecuted as it was made out to be.
    In fact, we know that the day after one of those defendants 
got out, he was rearrested on a firearm's charge. We know that 
soon after another defendant got out, he was arrested for child 
solicitation.
    We know that after another one got out, he was actually 
killed by law enforcement in a confrontation. We know that 
after another one got out, she was sentenced because of a fatal 
car crash that she caused.
    So, I want to be clear, in this country we should believe 
in law and order. I am going to be honest, because much like 
Mr. Breen, the only time that I ever entered a criminal 
courthouse, was in defense of someone. In defense of the 
accused.
    It is because I believe in the Constitution. I believe that 
everyone has the right to due process. As a defense attorney, I 
should show up ready, and I am hoping that the system works.
    I will say hoping. Nothing on this earth is perfect. One of 
the things that I actually used to take a lot of issue with, 
was the fact that I did believe that there was a two-tier 
justice system.
    This is not something that the Black community somehow woke 
up and said, ``oh, this is a new thing.'' Although we are 
talking about it, and we are meaning it in different ways.
    All of a sudden, you had somebody with more power than 
arguably anyone in the world, somehow Lady Justice found him 
too. I say Lady Justice somehow found him, because it was the 
grand juries that had to indict him.
    Then, ultimately, he was found guilty of 34 counts of 
felonies, at least in one courthouse. We know that the other 
cases never proceeded for various reasons. We also know that 
when he entered into civil courthouses, he was found liable for 
various things.
    Listen, I don't want to have the American people get it 
twisted. I don't want them to be confused and believe that just 
because somebody is a prosecutor or just because somebody 
brings a case, that somehow that is weaponization.
    If they bring it forward and if the justice system works 
the way that it is supposed to be, Mr. Breen, you talked about 
how your client was found not guilty. I am guessing that you 
accepted that jury's verdict.
    Mr. Breen. Certainly.
    Ms. Crockett. You accepted that jury's verdict for your 
client?
    Mr. Breen. Absolutely correct.
    Ms. Crockett. OK. OK. I want to--I have got to move onto a 
few other things really quickly.
    Christopher Wray, Mr. Ballou, do you know who that is?
    Mr. Ballou. Yes.
    Ms. Crockett. Was Christopher Wray appointed by Joe Biden?
    Mr. Ballou. No. He was appointed by President Trump.
    Ms. Crockett. He was appointed by President Trump. Now, 
Christopher Wray, for those that don't know, was the head of 
the FBI.
    Christopher Wray, was he fired by Joe Biden just because 
Joe Biden was a Democrat that came in?
    Mr. Ballou. No.
    Ms. Crockett. In fact, Christopher Wray left the FBI when 
Trump threatened to fire him. Christopher Wray still had time 
on the clock, didn't he?
    Mr. Ballou. He did.
    Ms. Crockett. So, any prosecutions that took place, they 
actually took place under the Wray FBI department. Is that 
correct?
    Mr. Ballou. That is correct.
    Ms. Crockett. OK. The last thing, Mr. Chair, I am out of 
time. Just really quick. The last thing that I want to ask, 
because we have talked about the Mayor of New York.
    Is he a Democrat or a Republican?
    Mr. Ballou. He is a Democrat.
    Ms. Crockett. He was prosecuted under a Democratic DOJ or a 
Republican DOJ?
    Mr. Ballou. A Democratic DOJ.
    Ms. Crockett. Thank you so much. I will yield. Thank you so 
much, Mr. Chair.
    Mr. Van Drew. You are welcome, Ranking Member.
    Really quickly, if it wasn't for this Committee and what we 
revealed, about parents, happening to parents in schools, and 
what happened to parishioners in churches, by whistleblowers, 
God knows what would have happened.
    It was just, it was the work actually that we did here. So, 
the justice system, again, was not working at that time.
    With that, I will yield to the Chair of the Committee as a 
whole, Mr. Jordan from Ohio.
    Chair Jordan. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Mr. Swecker, how long 
have you been at the FBI?
    Mr. Swecker. Twenty-four years.
    Chair Jordan. Twenty-four years, distinguished career?
    Mr. Swecker. I like to think so.
    Chair Jordan. I think so too. Assistant Director of the 
Criminal Division. That is a pretty darn important position you 
held.
    Mr. Swecker. Right.
    Chair Jordan. In that time at the FBI, did you ever deal 
with confidential human sources?
    Mr. Swecker. Yes.
    Chair Jordan. On a regular basis?
    Mr. Swecker. Yes.
    Chair Jordan. What can you tell me--well, let's frame it 
this way, 26 of them were there on January 6, 2021. We know 
that at least 17 of them did something they weren't authorized 
to do.
    Is that typical?
    Mr. Swecker. I wouldn't say it is atypical. Informants are 
generally in the criminal mix, so they often find themselves in 
places where there are crimes taking place, yes.
    Chair Jordan. So, it was OK for them to do something they 
weren't authorized to do on January 6th?
    Mr. Swecker. No. There is a process for the FBI to 
authorize ordinary criminal activity. It has to be in, they are 
very structured about how they handle informants.
    If an SAC, a Special Agent in Charge, authorizes ordinary 
criminal activity, it is going to be in the file.
    Chair Jordan. According--have you read the Inspector 
General's report on these 26 confidential human sources?
    Mr. Swecker. Not the entire report.
    Chair Jordan. According to the Inspector General, they were 
not authorized to do so.
    Mr. Swecker. Right.
    Chair Jordan. They were not authorized to enter the 
restricted space.
    Mr. Swecker. Right. Correct.
    Chair Jordan. Certainly, not authorized to go into the 
Capitol.
    Mr. Swecker. Right.
    Chair Jordan. We know 17 entered restricted space, four 
went in the Capitol. Yes. How does it normally work?
    Do you think these guys were--I am just asking as an 
expert, 24 years, Assistant Director of the Criminal Division, 
do you think these guys were paid for what they were involved 
with, or what they did, or what they witnessed, how they 
informed, whatever they did on the 6th, do you think they were 
paid by the taxpayers?
    Mr. Swecker. By the time they are formally vetted 
informants, they generally are paid to be where they are.
    Chair Jordan. So, certainly the two, or is it fair to say 
the two who were asked to be there by the FBI that particular 
day, were probably on the payroll?
    Mr. Swecker. I would say yes. I think that is a good guess.
    Chair Jordan. OK. So, they were being paid by the taxpayer, 
most likely being paid by the--well, to be fair, most likely 
being paid by the taxpayer.
    They went, two of these four, went into the Capitol, who 
were being paid, or who were asked to be there. So, they are 
asked to be there by the FBI, they are likely being paid, and 
they did something they weren't allowed to do.
    Mr. Swecker. Right.
    Chair Jordan. Why was it that every time Christopher Wray, 
the Director of the FBI, came in front of the Committee over 
the last several years, and we would ask, we would have some, 
Republican Members would ask him about any confidentials, why 
was he so reluctant to just say yes, they were there?
    Mr. Swecker. It was an embarrassing thing for the Bureau 
for the public to know that they had that many informants on 
the premises.
    Chair Jordan. So, there is no procedure, nothing 
prohibiting from him telling us. We are not asking for their 
names. We are not asking him to identify them.
    Mr. Swecker. Right.
    Chair Jordan. We certainly know we understand that is part 
of your investigative techniques and tactics.
    Mr. Swecker. Right.
    Chair Jordan. There was nothing prohibiting Christopher 
Wray from telling us, yes, there were confidential human 
sources there that day.
    Mr. Swecker. There was nothing prohibiting that I know of.
    Chair Jordan. He went out of his way to make sure we 
couldn't get that information. Then, we didn't get that 
information, frankly, until after the election, four years 
later.
    He didn't need to wait four years to tell us what they knew 
on January 7th.
    Mr. Swecker. Right.
    Chair Jordan. Well, actually, they knew on January 6th, 
because they asked him, they asked some of these people to be 
there.
    Mr. Swecker. It is pretty extraordinary, because my mind 
goes to prevention. If they had that many informants out there, 
what were they doing, and why weren't they reporting on what 
was going on ahead of time? Why didn't the FBI take steps to 
prevent what happened?
    Chair Jordan. Because if these guys were helping and 
actually doing what they were supposed to do, we might have 
prevented some of the things that took place that day, is what 
you are saying.
    Mr. Swecker. Absolutely.
    Chair Jordan. Yes. OK. Mr. Fahey, is it appropriate for the 
Special Counsel, Mr. Jay Bratt, to say to a defendant's 
counsel, to say that we didn't know you were a Trump guy, and 
we knew, we thought you would do the right thing? We understand 
you are interested in this judge position?
    Is that appropriate behavior from someone in the Special 
Counsel saying to a defendant's counsel?
    Mr. Fahey. That would be highly inappropriate.
    Chair Jordan. That is as bad as it gets, isn't it?
    Mr. Fahey. That would seem, I don't recall anything even 
remotely comparable or even hearing of anything along those 
lines.
    Chair Jordan. Stanley Woodward, who just happened to--
    Mr. Fahey. I know if he is--and it is shocking to me when I 
hear it. It was only until I heard it multiple times that it 
was definite.
    Chair Jordan. It was one of the many things that were 
shocking about this Special Counsel. The idea today, in this 
Special Counsel case in Florida, they mixed up this, the stuff 
that they got, they screwed it up and had to file with the 
court, oh, the classified documents that we said Mr. Trump, 
that President Trump mishandled, we actually mishandled.
    They had to file that with the court, didn't they?
    Mr. Fahey. Yes. That is sort of the irony of it all, of 
holding one standard to President Trump, and a lower standard 
not only for them, but also for President Biden.
    Chair Jordan. One last question for the three of you. Why 
all the predawn raids?
    What they did to Mr. Houck. What they did to Brian 
Malinowski. Let's assume even, I am not sure if Brian 
Malinowski did anything wrong.
    Let's assume he did. He had six firearms; sold six firearms 
he wasn't supposed to sell. Why in the world would you knock on 
his door, have ten cars pull up, coordinate with local police, 
put the tape on the doorbell cam, and do what they did, which 
resulted in his loss of life. Why would you do that?
    We will start with Mr. Breen since you have not answered 
anything yet.
    Mr. Breen. Well, thank you, Mr. Chair. Look, the outrageous 
thing too, so they overdo it. I have got to tell you, I asked 
for body cam footage from the feds. They are not wearing their 
body cams. They are not on.
    The only people I could get it from was from the 
Pennsylvania State Police. They gave me a full video of the 
incident.
    Chair Jordan. Yes. You are talking about Mr. Houck. You are 
talking about Mark Houck, the case you had.
    Mr. Breen. Yes, yes. For Mark Houck.
    Chair Jordan. I understand. I understand.
    Mr. Breen. You can't even figure out what these folks are 
doing? They taped the Ring doorbell. It is amazing.
    Chair Jordan. Well, they did the same thing. The point is, 
the consistency, and they did the same thing with Mr. 
Malinowski.
    Mr. Houck was acquitted by the jury, found not guilty by 
the jury. Mr. Malinowski wound up dead.
    Mr. Breen. Yes.
    Chair Jordan. Because he thought he was being robbed. He 
defended his home. Then was shot in the head and died, died a 
few hours later. It was terrible what happened.
    The interesting thing about the Malinowski case? They were 
surveilling him for weeks. They were all set to do this raid 
predawn still, the week before. They found out he wasn't there.
    They were going to get firearms. He doesn't need to be 
there. Why in the world would you do that and jeopardize life? 
Of course, the worst thing happens.
    Mr. Swecker, would you? That is not how it is supposed to 
operate, is it?
    Mr. Swecker. No. Most of the time you do a couple of hours 
of surveillance. You get the routines down. You catch them 
walking out to the car when they are unaware.
    Maximum drama is the only thing that you could say.
    Chair Jordan. Yes. The only explanation could be that, 
because they followed him. They could have went to the airport 
where he worked, where everyone knew him. It was so ridiculous.
    Mr. Chair, I thank you for this hearing. I thank you and I 
yield back.
    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you, Chair. That concludes today's 
hearing. We thank our witnesses for appearing before us and the 
time they spent.
    Without objection, all Members will have five legislative 
days to submit additional written questions for the witnesses 
or additional materials for the record.
    Without objection, the hearing is adjourned.
    Ms. Crockett. Mr. Chair? I had two UCs. I am sorry.
    Mr. Van Drew. Go ahead. Let's do it.
    Mr. Crockett. Thank you. I would ask for unanimous consent 
to enter into the record, an article from Reuters, ``FBI Did 
Not Send Undercover Operatives to Join January 6 Attack,'' 
Watchdog Says.
    Mr. Van Drew. Without objection.
    Mr. Crockett. As well as an article from The New York 
Times, ``FBI Did Not Send Informants to Encourage Capitol 
Rioters.''
    Mr. Van Drew. Without objection.
    Mr. Crockett. Thank you so much.
    Mr. Van Drew. The hearing is adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 4:24 p.m., the Subcommittee was adjourned.]

    All materials submitted for the record by Members of the 
Subcommittee on Oversight can be found at: https://
docs.house.gov/Committee/Calendar/ByEvent.aspx?EventID=117924.

                                 [all]