[House Hearing, 119 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                         RIGHTSIZING GOVERNMENT

=======================================================================

                                HEARING

                               BEFORE THE

                         COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT
                         AND GOVERNMENT REFORM
                     U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                             FIRST SESSION

                               __________

                            FEBRUARY 5, 2025

                               __________

                            Serial No. 119-2

                               __________

Printed for the use of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform

[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]


                       Available on: govinfo.gov,
                         oversight.house.gov or
                             docs.house.gov
                             
                               __________

                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
58-803 PDF                  WASHINGTON : 2025                  
          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------                             
                           
              COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM

                    JAMES COMER, Kentucky, Chairman

Jim Jordan, Ohio                     Gerald E. Connolly, Virginia, 
Mike Turner, Ohio                        Ranking Minority Member
Paul Gosar, Arizona                  Eleanor Holmes Norton, District of 
Virginia Foxx, North Carolina            Columbia
Glenn Grothman, Wisconsin            Stephen F. Lynch, Massachusetts
Michael Cloud, Texas                 Raja Krishnamoorthi, Illinois
Gary Palmer, Alabama                 Ro Khanna, California
Clay Higgins, Louisiana              Kweisi Mfume, Maryland
Pete Sessions, Texas                 Shontel Brown, Ohio
Andy Biggs, Arizona                  Melanie Stansbury, New Mexico
Nancy Mace, South Carolina           Robert Garcia, California
Pat Fallon, Texas                    Maxwell Frost, Florida
Byron Donalds, Florida               Summer Lee, Pennsylvania
Scott Perry, Pennsylvania            Greg Casar, Texas
William Timmons, South Carolina      Jasmine Crockett, Texas
Tim Burchett, Tennessee              Emily Randall, Washington
Marjorie Taylor Greene, Georgia      Suhas Subramanyam, Virginia
Lauren Boebert, Colorado             Yassamin Ansari, Arizona
Anna Paulina Luna, Florida           Wesley Bell, Missouri
Nick Langworthy, New York            Lateefah Simon, California
Eric Burlison, Missouri              Dave Min, California
Eli Crane, Arizona                   Ayanna Pressley, Massachusetts
Brian Jack, Georgia                  Rashida Tlaib, Michigan
John McGuire, Virginia
Brandon Gill, Texas

                                 ------                                
                       Mark Marin, Staff Director
                James Rust, Chief Counsel for Oversight
                     Mitch Benzine, General Counsel
                Lauren Lombardo, Deputy Policy Director
                      Peter Warren, Senior Advisor
            Kim Waskowsky, Senior Professional Staff Member
             Jon Collins, Senior Professional Staff Member
      Mallory Cogar, Deputy Director of Operations and Chief Clerk

                      Contact Number: 202-225-5074

                  Jamie Smith, Minority Staff Director
                      Contact Number: 202-225-5051

                                 ------                                
                         
                         C  O  N  T  E  N  T  S

                              ----------                              

                                                                   Page

Hearing held on February 5, 2025.................................     1

                               WITNESSES

                              ----------                              
The Honorable Kim K. Reynolds, Governor, state of Iowa
    Oral Statement...............................................    11

Mr. Thomas A. Schatz, President, Citizens Against Government 
  Waste
    Oral Statement...............................................    13

Dr. William G. Resh (Minority Witness), Associate Professor of 
  Public Policy and Management, C.C. Crawford Professor in 
  Management and Performance, Sol Price School of Public Policy, 
  University of Southern California
    Oral Statement...............................................    15

Written opening statements and bios are available on the U.S. 
  House of Representatives Document Repository at: 
  docs.house.gov.

                           INDEX OF DOCUMENTS

                              ----------                              

  * Letter, February 5, 2025, to Chairman Comer and Ranking 
    Member Connolly, re: Decorum; subnmitted by Chairman Comer.

  * Article, Politico, ``Bessent tells lawmakers Musk's DOGE does 
    not control Treasury payments system''; submitted by Rep. 
    Timmons.

  * OSHA Vaccine Mandate, Petition for Review; submitted by Rep. 
    Biggs.

  * Press Release, Gov. Reynolds files lawsuit challenging Biden 
    Administration's vaccine mandate rule; submitted by Rep. 
    Biggs.

  * Press Release, At USAID, Waste and Abuse Runs Deep - The 
    White House; submitted by Rep. Boebert.

  * Article, Iowa Public Radio, ``Iowa Will Pay $4.15 Million In 
    Finance Authority Sex Harassment Settlements''; submitted by 
    Rep. Brown.

  * Article, Wall Street Journal, ``Elon Musk's DOGE Allies 
    Search Medicare Agency Payment Systems For Fraud''; submitted 
    by Rep. Connolly.

  * Statement for the Record, AFGE; submitted by Rep. Connolly.

  * Statement for the Record, NARFE; submitted by Rep. Connolly.

  * Article, ProPublica, ``Donald Trump Built a National Debt So 
    Big (Even Before the Pandemic)''; submitted by Rep. Crockett.
                           INDEX OF DOCUMENTS

                              ----------                              

  * Article, Politico, ``Mike Johnson's budget plan is at risk of 
    collapse''; submitted by Rep. Crockett.

  * Article, Governing, ``Trump Moves to Abolish FEMA Shift 
    Disaster Response to States''; submitted by Rep. Crockett.

  * Letter, February 5, 2025, to Chairman Comer and Ranking 
    Member Connolly, from ABC; submitted by Rep. Higgins.

  * Article, New York Times, ``U.S. Agencies Fund, and Fight 
    with, Elon Musk''; submitted by Rep. Min.

  * Article, Iowa Capital Dispatch, ``Iowa scores in 50-state 
    education rankings decline from years past''; submitted by 
    Rep. Pressley.

  * Article, The Daily Iowan, ``Iowas food pantries hit record 
    high numbers this summer''; submitted by Rep. Pressley.

  * Article, Axios Des Moines, ``Iowa's maternal death rate rises 
    as birthing units close''; submitted by Rep. Pressley.

  * Fiscal Note, LSA, Iowa Legislative Services Agency; submitted 
    by Rep. Pressley.

  * Statement for the Record, Founder and CEO of Cody Rouge 
    Action Alliance; submitted by Rep. Tlaib.

The documents listed are available at: docs.house.gov.

                          ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS

                              ----------                              

  * Questions for the Record: to Dr. Resh; submitted by Rep. 
  Turner.

  * Questions for the Record: to Dr. Resh; submitted by Rep. 
  Connolly.

  * Questions for the Record: to Ms. Reynolds; submitted by Rep. 
  Turner.

  * Questions for the Record: to Mr. Schatz; submitted by Rep. 
  Gosar.

These documents were submitted after the hearing, and may be 
  available upon request.

 
                         RIGHTSIZING GOVERNMENT

                              ----------                              


                       Thursday, February 5, 2025

                     U.S. House of Representatives

              Committee on Oversight and Government Reform

                                           Washington, D.C.

    The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:07 a.m., in 
the U.S. Capitol Visitor Center, HVC-210, Hon. James Comer 
[Chairman of the Committee] presiding.
    Present: Representatives Comer, Jordan, Gosar, Foxx, 
Grothman, Cloud, Palmer, Higgins, Sessions, Biggs, Mace, 
Fallon, Donalds, Perry, Timmons, Burchett, Greene, Boebert, 
Luna, Langworthy, Burlison, Crane, Jack, McGuire, Gill, 
Connolly, Norton, Lynch, Krishnamoorthi, Khanna, Mfume, Brown, 
Stansbury, Garcia, Frost, Lee, Casar, Crockett, Randall, 
Subramanyam, Ansari, Bell, Simon, Min, Pressley, and Tlaib.
    Also present: Representative Nunn.
    Chairman Comer. The Committee on Oversight and Government 
Reform will come to order. I want to welcome everyone here 
today.
    Without objection, the Chair may declare a recess at any 
time.
    I now recognize myself for the purpose of delivering an 
opening statement.
    This morning, we will explore how we can make the Federal 
Government work better for all Americans. President Trump 
promised he would eliminate Washington waste and reform the 
unchecked Federal bureaucracy, and he is delivering on his 
promise made to the American people. President Trump created 
the Department of Government Efficiency, or DOGE, to conduct a 
governmentwide audit to root out waste, fraud, and abuse and 
ensure we protect taxpayer dollars. At the helm of President 
Trump's effort is Elon Musk, one of the most successful 
entrepreneurs ever.
    For decades, and on a bipartisan basis, Members of this 
Committee have lamented the inefficiency of the Federal 
bureaucracy. We fought never-ending battles against the waste, 
fraud, and abuse the bureaucracy generates during both 
Republican and Democrat administrations. One byproduct of this 
inefficiency according to GAO is the near quarter trillion 
dollars in annual improper payments the government issues. But 
now that President Trump is taking action to drain the swamp 
and expose how the Federal Government is spending taxpayer 
money, which he was elected to do, Democrats are 
hyperventilating and sensationalizing it.
    Over the past few days, we have heard wild claims from 
Democrats that we are ``at the beginning of a dictatorship,'' 
and we are in a ``constitutional crisis.'' This kind of 
theatrical rhetoric is exactly what the American people 
rejected in November. Americans know that Washington needs 
reform, and DOGE is taking inventory to bring about change and 
steward taxpayer dollars entrusted to the Federal Government. 
Real innovation is not clean and tidy. It is necessarily 
disruptive and messy, but that is exactly what Washington needs 
right now, and it is what the American people voted for in 
November: a departure from the broken status quo. This 
Committee intends to work in partnership with DOGE. We want to 
reinforce its efforts and not blunt the momentum it is 
generating for needed change to the Federal bureaucracy.
    At the Oversight Committee, our core mission remains 
unchanged: identifying waste, fraud, and abuse in the Federal 
Government and proposing solutions to make it more efficient 
and effective for the American people. For this Congress, we 
created a subcommittee, chaired by Marjorie Taylor Greene, that 
is dedicated to working with DOGE, but I expect all of our 
subcommittees will be participating in this effort to make 
Washington more accountable. I am hopeful that we can find some 
common ground with our Democrat colleagues to ensure the 
Federal Government more efficiently and effectively serves the 
American people.
    I ask all my colleagues here today, who among us believes 
that the Federal Government operates at peak efficiency? The 
Federal Government has expanded dramatically since the early 
years of our republic. There are today more than 400 executive 
branch agencies and subagencies and roughly 1,000 commissions. 
Most of these entities are relatively new creations. They did 
not exist for most of our Nation's history. Not only has the 
government grown in size and complexity, but it has also taken 
on many functions once handled by the states or even the 
private sector.
    How did we get here? Tom Schatz, the President of Citizens 
Against Government Waste and one of our witnesses today, notes 
that Congress tends to respond to each new problem that arises 
by creating a new program or agency, and even if the problem 
goes away, the program or agency remains. Congressional 
authorizing committees tend to generate these new programs and 
entities, all too often without sufficient regard to similar 
Federal activities occurring outside of their jurisdiction.
    Over time, the expansion of entities and programs has 
yielded an increasingly complex bureaucracy with a massive 
amount of overlap and duplication. For instance, the Government 
Accountability Office, the GAO, recently found 43 job training 
programs scattered across nine different Federal agencies. That 
is just one of dozens of areas of wasteful duplication the GAO 
has identified across a range of Federal activities.
    I hope we can learn today from Governor Kim Reynolds, who 
proposed her own wide-ranging reorganization in Iowa, which the 
state legislature enacted. For example, she will detail how 
Iowa consolidated a host of state-level job training programs. 
Iowa's reorganization also eliminated or consolidated a slew of 
state agencies, commissions, and vacant job positions. Iowa's 
example shows that the chief executive of any unit of 
government--Federal, state, or local--is well-positioned to 
propose ways to streamline that government. After all, they are 
the ones who run it on a day-to-day basis.
    At the Federal level, the President has considerable 
authority within existing law to reorganize certain government 
offices and functions. That is the case, for instance, with 
respect to USAID. But some reorganizations do require changes 
in law. Throughout our Nation's history, such reorganization 
legislation typically originated from the White House. That is, 
in part, because for much of the 20th century, Presidential 
reorganization proposals requiring changes in law were granted 
special consideration by Congress. I think renewing that 
special authority requiring Congress to take an up or down vote 
on reorganizations proposed by the President would help 
facilitate needed improvements in government operations. In the 
meantime, I look forward to learning more about keys to 
successful reforms from our witnesses during today's hearing.
    I now yield to Ranking Member Connolly for his opening 
statement.
    Mr. Connolly. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Our government was 
designed to be by, of, and for the American people. It is made 
up of civil servants who take an oath to serve the American 
people and to support and defend the Constitution. More than 1 
in 3 Federal workers is employed by either the Postal Service, 
ensuring every American can get mail, or the Department of 
Veterans Affairs, providing care to our veterans in VA 
hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes. Almost 1 in 3 Federal 
workers is a veteran, and more than 85 percent live outside the 
D.C. Metropolitan Area, across every state, and serving every 
community in America. One in 3 Americans and half of all 
American children are enrolled in a government program. Our 
government provides the support these Americans are counting 
on, including Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, SNAP, Head 
Start, the National School Lunch Program.
    We depend on our government to safeguard our food supply 
and to ensure life-saving medication is safe to consume. We 
depend on our government to provide alerts about extreme 
weather through the National Weather Service, which you know 
all too well from the tornado that devastated your community, 
Mr. Chairman, a few years ago, and to provide disaster relief 
to communities where it is needed, such as in Los Angeles after 
the devastating fires of the last few weeks.
    This is the so-called Deep State that President Trump and 
his acolytes continue to demonize, and these are the programs 
and services sitting on Elon Musk's chopping block right now. 
Their efforts to ``right size government'' serve no one but 
themselves and fellow oligarchs who want to destroy, 
deregulate, and privatize, leaving everyday Americans to foot 
the bill with not only their paychecks, but even potentially 
their well-being and their lives.
    Just last week, the country watched in horror as a 
commercial aircraft and a U.S. Army Black Hawk helicopter 
collided over the Potomac River, killing 67 people, including 
several of my constituents, including young children. We know 
that disasters are more likely to happen when the agencies that 
ensure our safety are unsupported and under resourced. Our 
Nation's air traffic control facilities were already operating 
below recommended staffing levels, but 1 day before the 
horrific crash, the Trump Administration sent an email to more 
than 2 million Federal employees offering them a purported 
financial incentive to immediately quit their jobs. Can you 
imagine what might yet happen if our air traffic controllers 
accept this offer to quit en mass?
    This is just the tip of the iceberg. In its first 2 weeks, 
the Trump Administration has ordered a hiring freeze on all 
Federal civilian positions, ordered all Federal employees back 
to the office full time, unless, of course, you take their 
early retirement offer, and then you do not have to come to 
work for 8 months, paved the way to purge more than a hundred 
thousand nonpartisan career civil servants and replace them 
with political loyalists, and wage war on our Nation's 
commitment to civil rights by eviscerating diversity, equity, 
and inclusion programs. The new Administration also ordered the 
politicization of the Senior Executive Service, forced 
employees to surveil and report on colleagues, and fired the 
Democratic commissioners of the National Labor Relations Board 
and the Equal Opportunity Commission. They administered loyalty 
tests to career civil servants at the National Security 
Council, granted security clearances to incoming White House 
officials without vetting, reportedly violated cyber security 
procurement and privacy laws by recklessly handling Federal 
systems and data, and attempted a late-night purge of 17 
nonpartisan Inspectors General, a brazenly illegal act that 
will only provide cover for the corruption that inevitably will 
ensue.
    The Trump Administration also ordered a freeze of Federal 
grants, loans, and other financial assistance programs. 
Immediately after the funding freeze was issued, Medicaid and 
Head Start reported disruptions, and some of FEMA'S online 
portals were cutoff. Although the freeze was halted by a judge 
and then rescinded by the Administration, we saw in only 48 
hours how willing this Administration is to threaten the 
health, safety, and security of Americans in service of its 
unlawful and partisan agenda.
    If these initiatives sound familiar, it is because so many 
of them are ripped right out of the Project 2025 playbook. 
Remember that deeply unpopular tome that President Trump, as 
candidate Trump, desperately tried to distance himself from 
during the campaign? Many of these executive orders mirror 
Project 2025 proposals, and at least four prominent 2025 
authors now have top positions in the Administration. Trump's 
disavowal of Project 2025 was just part of the con.
    President Trump and Elon Musk are using a wrecking ball to 
systematically dismember the government piece by piece. The 
American people deserve better, and we in Congress have a 
constitutional duty to uphold the laws that we created. We must 
protect the government workers, programs, and services that the 
future of this country depends on and stop an unconstitutional 
assault on the government.
    Mr. Chairman, you correctly cited the role of Elon Musk. It 
is a puzzling role for many people, certainly on this side of 
the aisle and, I think, for some on yours. Who is this 
unelected billionaire that he can attempt to dismantle Federal 
agencies, fire people, transfer them, offer them early 
retirement, and have sweeping changes to agencies without any 
congressional review, oversight, or concurrence? Therefore, Mr. 
Chairman, given his prominence and his importance, I move that 
the Committee subpoena Elon Musk to come forward as a witness 
at the earliest possible moment, and I so move.
    Voice. Second.
    Chairman Comer. There has been a motion and second. The 
motion is not debatable.
    Ms. Stansbury. Mr. Chairman, why is it not debatable? Point 
of order.
    Mr. Connolly. It is debatable.
    Ms. Tlaib. Mr. Chair, I strike the last word.
    Chairman Comer. Hold on.
    Ms. Stansbury. Mr. Chairman?
    Mr. Casar. Mr. Chairman, why don't we want to debate Elon 
Musk coming in and talking to us about his work and how he has 
enriched himself with $164 billion----
    Ms. Foxx. Mr. Chairman?
    Ms. Greene. Mr. Chairman?
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Dr. Foxx.
    Ms. Foxx. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I move to table the 
motion.
    Mr. Chairman. There is----
    Ms. Greene. I second.
    Chairman Comer [continuing]. A motion to table.
    Ms. Stansbury. Mr. Chairman, a point of order.
    Chairman Comer. It is seconded by Mr. Higgins.
    Ms. Stansbury. A point of order, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Comer. Now, the motion is not debatable. As many 
are in favor of tabling----
    Ms. Stansbury. A point of order, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Comer. A point of order. State your point.
    Ms. Stansbury. Mr. Chairman, I think it is outrageous that 
this Committee will not even entertain a motion----
    Chairman Comer. No, that is not a point of order.
    [Cross talk.]
    Ms. Stansbury. If somebody who is breaking the law----
    [Cross talk.]
    Ms. Stansbury. And you will not even entertain----
    Voice. Out of order.
    Chairman Comer. Out of order.
    Ms. Stansbury [continuing]. A motion to bring him in front 
of the Oversight Committee? He is attacking the personal data--
--
    Mr. Fallon. Mr. Chairman, this is demagoguery. This is out 
of order.
    [Cross talk.]
    Chairman Comer. All those who are in favor of tabling, 
signify----
    Ms. Stansbury. Yes, let us have order in this country.
    Chairman Comer. Ms. Stansbury, you are out of order. You 
know you are out of order. You know the rules of this 
Committee. There has been a motion and a second to table----
    Ms. Stansbury. Mr. Elon Musk is out of order in 
dismantling----
    Ms. Foxx. I call the question.
    Chairman Comer. There has been a motion and a second, a 
motion by Dr. Foxx, second by Mr. Higgins to table.
    All those in favor of tabling, signify by saying aye.
    [Chorus of ayes.]
    Chairman Comer. All those opposed, signify by saying no.
    In the opinion of the Chair, the ayes have it and the 
motion to table----
    Mr. Connolly. Mr. Chairman, I ask for a recorded vote.
    Chairman Comer. A recorded vote is ordered. We will set up 
for the clerk to call the roll.
    [Pause.]
    Chairman Comer. We will stand at ease when we get the staff 
ready to go for this.
    [Pause.]
    Ms. Stansbury. For those watching at home, they do not have 
the votes in the room.
    [Pause.]
    Mr. Garcia. Mr. Chairman, speaking of efficiency of our 
time, since we are just sitting here, I would love to hear from 
someone why we do not want to have Mr. Musk come testify?
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman is not recognized. This is a 
committee hearing about eliminating waste, fraud, and abuse. 
You pulled a parliamentary move, which you have the right to 
do. This was not expected. It was not in the agenda. We are 
trying to print everything and get it ready to have the roll 
call vote.
    Mr. Garcia. Well, speaking of abuse, we have someone in the 
Federal Government eliminating programs.
    [Cross talk.]
    Mr. Fallon. Mr. Chairman, he is out of order.
    Mr. Garcia [continuing]. Benefiting billions of dollars 
himself.
    Mr. Fallon. Mr. Chairman, he is out of order. This is just 
demagoguery again.
    Ms. Mace. Mr. Chairman, can you control the other side? 
They are out of control.
    Chairman Comer. I am trying.
    Ms. Stansbury. Hashtag, irony.
    Ms. Crockett. Mr. Chairman, it appears the clerk is ready 
for roll call.
    The Clerk. Mr. Jordan?
    [No response.]
    The Clerk. Mr. Turner?
    [No response.]
    The Clerk. Mr. Gosar?
    [No response.]
    The Clerk. Ms. Foxx?
    Ms. Foxx. Foxx votes aye to table.
    The Clerk. Ms. Foxx votes aye.
    Mr. Grothman?
    [No response.]
    The Clerk. Mr. Cloud?
    Mr. Cloud. Aye.
    The Clerk. Mr. Cloud votes aye.
    Mr. Palmer?
    [No response.]
    The Clerk. Mr. Higgins?
    Mr. Higgins. Aye.
    The Clerk. Mr. Higgins votes aye.
    Mr. Sessions?
    [No response.]
    The Clerk. Mr. Biggs?
    Mr. Biggs. Aye.
    The Clerk. Mr. Biggs votes aye.
    Ms. Mace?
    Ms. Mace. Aye.
    The Clerk. Ms. Mace votes aye.
    Mr. Fallon?
    Mr. Fallon. I vote aye to table it.
    The Clerk. Mr. Fallon votes aye.
    Mr. Donalds?
    [No response.]
    The Clerk. Mr. Perry?
    [No response.]
    The Clerk. Mr. Timmons?
    [No response.]
    The Clerk. Mr. Burchett?
    Mr. Burchett. I vote aye.
    The Clerk. Mr. Burchett votes aye.
    Ms. Greene?
    Ms. Greene. Aye.
    The Clerk. Ms. Greene votes aye.
    Ms. Boebert?
    [No response.]
    The Clerk. Mrs. Luna?
    [No response.]
    The Clerk. Mr. Langworthy?
    [No response.]
    The Clerk. Mr. Burlison?
    [No response.]
    The Clerk. Mr. Crane?
    Mr. Crane. Aye.
    The Clerk. Mr. Crane votes aye.
    Mr. Jack?
    [No response.]
    The Clerk. Mr. McGuire?
    Mr. McGuire. Aye.
    The Clerk. Mr. McGuire votes aye.
    Mr. Gill?
    Mr. Gill. Aye.
    The Clerk. Mr. Gill votes aye.
    Mr. Connolly?
    Mr. Connolly. Nay.
    The Clerk. Mr. Connolly votes nay.
    Ms. Norton?
    Ms. Norton. No.
    The Clerk. Ms. Norton votes no.
    Mr. Lynch?
    Mr. Lynch. No.
    The Clerk. Mr. Lynch votes no.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi?
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. No.
    The Clerk. Mr. Krishnamoorthi votes no.
    Mr. Khanna?
    [No response.]
    The Clerk. Mr. Mfume?
    [No response.]
    The Clerk. Ms. Brown?
    Ms. Brown. Ms. Brown votes no. I am sorry, yes. Yes.
    Voice. Do you vote no to table?
    Ms. Brown. Yes, voting no to table.
    The Clerk. Ms. Brown votes no.
    Ms. Stansbury?
    Ms. Stansbury. I vote no to a motion that would table a 
subpoena for Elon Musk.
    Mr. Fallon. More demagoguery.
    Ms. Stansbury. It is out of order to discuss what the 
motion is? OK, guys. Cool.
    Chairman Comer. It is out of order.
    Ms. Mace. And you are out of control over there.
    Chairman Comer. Order, order, order. All right. Let us go.
    The Clerk. Ms. Stansbury votes no.
    Mr. Garcia?
    Mr. Garcia. No.
    The Clerk. Mr. Garcia votes no.
    Mr. Frost?
    Mr. Frost. No.
    The Clerk. Mr. Frost votes no.
    Ms. Lee?
    Ms. Lee. No.
    The Clerk. Ms. Lee votes no.
    Mr. Casar?
    Mr. Casar. No on the motion to table our motion to have 
Elon Musk at this Committee.
    The Clerk. Mr. Casar votes no.
    Ms. Crockett?
    Ms. Crockett. No on giving the American people the 
transparency that they deserve by bringing this oligarch before 
us.
    Mr. Fallon. Demagoguery again. More of this. No.
    The Clerk. Ms. Crockett votes no.
    Ms. Randall?
    Ms. Randall. No.
    The Clerk. Ms. Randall votes no.
    Mr. Subramanyam?
    Mr. Subramanyam. No.
    The Clerk. Mr. Subramanyam votes no.
    Ms. Ansari?
    Ms. Ansari. No.
    The Clerk. Ms. Ansari votes no.
    Mr. Bell?
    Mr. Bell. No.
    The Clerk. Mr. Bell votes no.
    Ms. Simon?
    Ms. Simon. No.
    The Clerk. Ms. Simon votes no.
    Mr. Min?
    Mr. Min. Min is a hard no.
    The Clerk. Mr. Min votes no.
    Ms. Pressley?
    Ms. Pressley. No.
    The Clerk. Ms. Pressley votes no.
    Ms. Tlaib?
    Ms. Tlaib. I decided to put my residents before Elon Musk, 
and I am voting no.
    The Clerk. Ms. Tlaib votes no.
    Mr. Chairman?
    Chairman Comer. I vote yes.
    The Clerk. Mr. Chairman votes yes.
    Mr. Timmons. Mr. Chairman, how am I recorded?
    Chairman Comer. Yes. Who is recognized?
    Mr. Timmons. Mr. Chairman, how am I recorded?
    Chairman Comer. Oh. Has Mr. Timmons been recorded?
    The Clerk. Mr. Timmons is not recorded.
    Mr. Timmons. Aye.
    The Clerk. Mr. Timmons votes aye.
    Mr. Perry. Mr. Chairman, how am I recorded? Representative 
Perry.
    The Clerk. Mr. Perry is not recorded.
    Mr. Perry. Representative Perry votes aye.
    Ms. Boebert. Mr. Chairman, how is Boebert----
    The Clerk. Mr. Perry votes aye.
    Ms. Boebert. Mr. Chairman, how is Boebert recorded?
    The Clerk. Ms. Boebert is not recorded.
    Ms. Boebert. Boebert votes aye.
    The Clerk. Ms. Boebert votes aye.
    Mr. Burlison. Mr. Chairman, how is Burlison recorded?
    The Clerk. Mr. Burlison is not recorded.
    Mr. Burlison. Votes aye.
    The Clerk. Mr. Burlison votes aye.
    Mr. Grothman. How is Mr. Grothman recorded?
    The Clerk. Mr. Grothman is not recorded.
    Mr. Grothman. I will vote aye.
    The Clerk. Mr. Grothman votes aye.
    Mr. Gosar. Mr. Chairman, how is Mr. Gosar recorded?
    The Clerk. Mr. Gosar is not recorded.
    Mr. Gosar. Aye.
    The Clerk. Mr. Gosar votes aye.
    Mr. Donalds. Mr. Chairman, how is Mr. Donalds recorded?
    The Clerk. Mr. Donalds is not recorded.
    Mr. Donalds. Aye.
    The Clerk. Mr. Donalds votes aye.
    Chairman Comer. Has Mr. Jack been recorded?
    The Clerk. Mr. Jack is not recorded.
    Mr. Jack. Mr. Chairman, I vote aye, please.
    The Clerk. Mr. Jack votes aye.
    Chairman Comer. Are there any other Members who have not 
been recorded?
    [No response.]
    Chairman Comer. Any Members who wish to change their votes?
    [No response.]
    Chairman Comer. Do we have a Member en route?
    [No response.]
    Chairman Comer. Will the clerk please tally the roll call?
    The Clerk. Mr. Chairman, on this vote, the ayes are 20. The 
nays are 19.
    Chairman Comer. The ayes have it and the motion fails. And 
I might add, Mr. Ranking Member, you all could have invited Mr. 
Musk to be your Minority witness, but you all chose to have a 
college professor, which is what you normally choose to have as 
a witness at any hearing, and that is fine. But you all had an 
opportunity to invite Elon Musk and you chose not to, so.
    Mr. Connolly. Mr. Chairman, could I just respond?
    Chairman Comer. Yes.
    Mr. Connolly. Thank you. You make a point. But from our 
point of view, given the prominence Mr. Musk has been given by 
President Trump in this Administration, sweeping unprecedented 
powers, from our point of view, he is not a Minority witness. 
He ought to be a full Committee witness because of the 
prominence and the role he is playing and subject to the 
oversight and scrutiny of this Committee. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. I ask unanimous consent that Representative 
Nunn from Iowa be waived on to the Committee for today's 
hearing for the purpose of asking questions.
    Without objection, so ordered.
    The next order of business is ratifying the subcommittee 
roster for the 119th Congress. The clerks have distributed the 
roster electronically. I ask unanimous consent that the 
Committee approve the appointments and assignments as shown on 
the roster.
    Without objection, so--the subcommittee roster is approved.
    I am pleased to welcome an expert panel of witnesses who 
each bring experience and expertise that will be valuable to 
today's discussion. I would first like to welcome the 43d 
Governor of the great state of Iowa, Governor Kim Reynolds. 
Since assuming office in 2017, Governor Reynolds has instituted 
numerous reforms to reorganize state-level operations to better 
serve the people of Iowa.
    I would now like to recognize Representative Nunn from Iowa 
to welcome the Governor here.
    Mr. Nunn. Well, thank you, Chairman, and thank you very 
much to this Committee for having the Governor of Iowa join us 
today.
    When President Trump was elected, he asked for three 
things: secure our community, unleash our natural energy, and 
make sure that we reform government to put money back in 
taxpayers' pocket. They need look no further than what Governor 
Reynolds has done with our state legislature when I served as a 
Senator in Iowa. During Governor Reynolds' time, she has helped 
lead us out of a massive Democrat-caused debt to be able to 
balance the state's budget, to be able to provide fiscal 
responsibility that rightsized our community, and provide tax 
cuts to put more of Iowans' hard-earned tax dollars right back 
in their britches. So, with this, Iowa is now one of the most 
well-managed citizen-led democracies, Mr. Chairman, in the 
world. It has resulted in a balanced budget of over $9 billion 
in our general fund as well as a billion-dollar rainy day fund 
with more tax returns on the way after she led these three 
largest tax cuts in state history.
    Governor Reynolds, we want to say thank you very much. As a 
citizen of Iowa, not only are you a great Governor, but your 
examples help us lead to real solutions that could address a 
$36 trillion debt right here at the national level. All it 
takes is one hero from the Heartland to be able to come here 
and show Washington how business can get done. So, with that, 
Governor Reynolds, thank you for making government efficient 
again in Iowa. It is a best practice we can take in a playbook 
right here in D.C. We welcome you to the Committee.
    Chairman Comer. Very good. Next, we have Tom Schatz, 
president of the Citizens Against Government Waste. Tom has 
spent over 36 years at Citizens Against Government Waste, 
identifying areas of waste, fraud, abuse, and mismanagement in 
government, and this helped save taxpayers hundreds of billions 
of dollars. Finally, we have William G. Resh, who is an 
associate professor at the University of Southern California 
Sol Price School of Public Policy. He has been a member of the 
USC faculty since 2014.
    I want to thank each of the witnesses for being here today, 
and I look forward to you all's testimony.
    Pursuant to Committee Rule 9(g), the witnesses will please 
stand and raise their right hand.
    Do you solemnly swear or affirm that the testimony you are 
about to give is the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but 
the truth, so help you God?
    [A chorus of ayes.]
    Chairman Comer. Let the record show that the witnesses 
answered in the affirmative. Thank you all. You may take a 
seat.
    We appreciate you all being here today and look forward to 
your testimony. Let me remind the witnesses that we have read 
your written statement, and it will appear in full in the 
hearing record. Please limit your oral statement to 5 minutes. 
As a reminder, please press the button on the microphone in 
front of you so that it is on, and the Members can hear you. 
When you begin to speak, the light in front of you will turn 
green. After 4 minutes, the light will turn yellow. When the 
red light comes on, your 5 minutes have expired, and we would 
ask that you please wrap up.
    I now recognize Governor Reynolds for her opening 
statement.

                STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE KIM REYNOLDS

                                GOVERNOR

                             STATE Of IOWA

    Governor Reynolds. First, let me thank Congressman Nunn for 
your kind words, and thank you for your service. Chairman 
Comer, Ranking Member Connolly, Members of the Committee, thank 
you for giving me the opportunity to testify today.
    Since this hearing is about government efficiency, I will 
get right to the point. Iowa was doing DOGE before DOGE was a 
thing. When I was elected to office in 2018, our tax structure 
was uncompetitive. Our top income tax rate was 8.98 percent, 
one of the highest in the Nation, as was our 12 percent 
corporate rate. Antiquated state policies made our tax code 
complex and hard to reform. Soon after President Trump signed 
TCJA into law, I signed legislation that eliminated Federal 
deductibility, cut rates across the board, provided for 
additional reductions in future years, and reduced the number 
of income tax brackets. After four more historic reforms, Iowa 
taxpayers today pay a flat income tax rate of 3.8 percent. Our 
corporate rate is moving to 5.5 percent, and we have eliminated 
tax on retirement and inheritance income. Over 10 years, Iowans 
will save an estimated $24 billion in a state with an annual 
budget of about $10 billion.
    But it is not enough just to cut taxes. You have to make 
sure that they are sustainable, especially if you want to keep 
reducing them. The growth they create helps, but you also need 
to keep spending in government in check, and I have worked 
closely with our General Assembly to do just that. In fact, the 
Cato Institute has ranked Iowa the most fiscally responsible 
state in the country for 3 years running, but that was not 
always the case. When we started our alignment work in 2022, 
state operations had not been reviewed for 40 years, and it 
showed. Layers of bureaucracy had accumulated over decades, 
expanding government beyond its core function. We were too big, 
too fragmented, and too inefficient.
    One example became clear during COVID, where the separation 
of our public health and human services departments resulted in 
both duplication and gaps in service. We merged them into the 
Department of Health and Human Services in 2022, the first big 
step in our work to align state government. It was a successful 
proof of concept and a roadmap as we saw similar misalignment 
across state government. We had 11 separate state agencies 
operating workforce programs. A hundred and thirty-six 
professional licensing functions were spread across 11 
agencies. Our administrative code had ballooned to more than 
20,000 pages with 190,000 restrictive terms. At one point, I 
discovered that the state owned a cow-calf operation, and to 
make matters worse, it operated at a loss.
    Given our limited staff and scope of the initiative, we 
partnered with an outside firm while bringing agency directors 
and their staff into the discussion early, and we asked the 
hard questions that bring about accountability and change. What 
is the core mission of each agency? How is it funded? How is it 
staffed, and what does it own? Are the programs working? How 
did the structure of the agency compare to other states? Is 
there duplication or misalignment?
    Next, we benchmarked Iowa against our neighboring states as 
well as those with similar populations and budgets. We found 
that my 37-member cabinet was the most by far, while our 
expenditures on a per capita basis were the third highest. In 
2023, we introduced a 1,300-page bill that passed with only one 
technical amendment and took effect less than a year after we 
began the process. I also initiated a moratorium on new 
rulemaking and ordered a comprehensive review of all rules 
already on the books. Together, these actions cut 21 agencies 
from my cabinet, eliminated 600 open positions, removed 1,200 
regulations in year one, and identified 4,700 acres of state-
owned farmland to sell.
    Nearly all licensing functions are now in one agency, and 
we are currently in the process of consolidating six separate 
licensing platforms into one. One agency that operated out of 
10 buildings now operates out of just one. Altogether, we have 
saved taxpayers $217 million in just 18 months, surpassing our 
initial projections for the first 4 years, and our government 
is not just smaller, it is better. Getting your medical license 
recognized used to take 65 days. Now it takes 3. Unemployment 
case rulings used to take 3 months. Now it takes 11 days. 
Moving our motor vehicle enforcement unit into the Department 
of Public Safety put a hundred more state troopers on the road.
    After aligning agencies, we then streamlined our system of 
boards and commissions, cutting 83 boards, about a third of the 
boards and commissions. We also brought IT systems spread 
across 20 different agencies into one department. And last 
year, we consolidated 32 substance use and mental health 
regions into seven unified behavioral health regions, resulting 
in greater investment on the ground and treatment delivered to 
Iowans when and where they need it. And now we are taking yet 
another step. I recently announced my intention to launch an 
Iowa DOGE to continue reducing the cost of government, 
maximizing the return on taxpayers' investment.
    Like most Americans, I am thrilled by the priority that 
President Trump is placing on shrinking government and making 
it work better. Not only do I believe Iowa is a model, but I am 
committed to doing everything I can to help in the months 
ahead, and I look forward to working with you and the Trump 
Administration to do just that. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. Thank you, Governor. I now recognize Mr. 
Schatz for his opening statement.

                     STATEMENT OF THOMAS A. SCHATZ

                               PRESIDENT

                   CITIZENS AGAINST GOVERNMENT WASTE

    Mr. Schatz. Thank you, Mr. Chairman and Ranking Member 
Connolly for the opportunity to testify today. Citizens Against 
Government Waste was founded following the report of the Grace 
Commission under President Ronald Reagan, the last time there 
was a comprehensive review of the Federal Government by the 
private sector. The Commission made 2,478 recommendations that 
would save $424.4 billion over 3 years. Since CAGW was created 
to follow up on the Grace Commission recommendations, we have 
helped save taxpayers $2.4 trillion through the implementation 
of Grace Commission and other cost-saving recommendations.
    The taxpayers' hard-earned money should be spent in the 
most effective manner possible, following the objectives set 
forth in statutes enacted by Congress and carried out by the 
Executive branch. Success should be measured by whether the 
intended results are being achieved. If that does not occur, 
the program should be reevaluated to determine if it needs to 
be modified, consolidated, or terminated. The solution should 
not be to spend more money on that program, create another 
program, or duplicate what the private sector is already doing. 
The proper size of government can be determined after those 
actions are taken, but that is, unfortunately, not how it works 
now.
    Despite the availability of recommendations from both 
within the government, including the Congressional Budget 
Office, Government Accountability Office, and Inspectors 
General, as well as non-governmental sources like CAGW's 
``Prime Cuts,'' which would save $5.1 trillion over 5 years, 
not enough is being done. There is no lack of ideas, just a 
lack of action by Congress to determine which programs are most 
effective and efficient, leading to the appropriate size and 
scope of the Federal Government.
    President Trump campaigned on a platform of making the 
government more efficient, including his promise to create a 
Department of Government Efficiency. The establishment of DOGE 
along with the DOGE Subcommittee and House and Senate DOGE 
caucuses should lead to the adoption of policies that will 
establish more effective use of taxpayer dollars and more 
efficient delivery of government services. Another method to 
drive efficiency would be to give the President greater 
reorganization authority, as the Chairman has noted. This was 
first provided in 1947 when Congress established what became 
known as the Hoover Commission to develop recommendations to 
increase efficiency and improve the organizational structure of 
the government after World War II, and comparing the debt to 
GDP ratio then and now, it is fairly close, so it is certainly 
time to do this again. According to a 2012 congressional 
Research Service Report, Presidents used this authority 
regularly, submitting more than 100 plans between 1932 and 
1984. The last President to receive reorganization authority 
was Ronald Reagan, and the last one to use it was Jimmy Carter.
    In May 2024, GAO released its annual report on ways to 
reduce duplication, overlap, and fragmentation of programs. The 
report listed 112 new items and noted that $667 billion had 
been saved since the first report was issued in 2011. CAGW has 
long maintained that Congress should not only hold hearings in 
this Committee but across committees that have multiple 
jurisdiction over a lot of the programs identified by GAO, and 
then vote on those recommendations, and GAO reports about 
duplicative spending provide other opportunities to improve 
efficiencies.
    A May 10, 2023, GAO report found 133 Federal programs 
across 15 agencies that have the goal of increasing broadband 
access and bridging the digital divide. These programs should 
be assessed to determine which are inefficient and ineffective, 
and funds should then be directed to those programs that can 
deploy broadband to every remaining unserved and underserved 
business and household across the country that wishes to be 
connected to the internet. And broadband is one of many 
programs included in CAGW's critical waste issues for the 119th 
Congress, which was released this morning. The report contains 
12 policy areas, including greater accountability and 
transparency, budget reform, earmarks, healthcare, privacy, 
technology, and telecommunications. I want to also remind the 
Committee of CAGW's concerns about the U.S. Postal Service, 
which we provided in testimony submitted for the record for the 
December 10, 2024, Oversight hearing.
    Rightsizing government is an objective on which all Members 
of Congress should agree. It requires constant vigilance and 
oversight to determine if Federal tax dollars are being spent 
in the most effective and efficient manner and achieving 
intended objectives. Increased efficiency will go a long way to 
restore the public's confidence in the ability of the Federal 
Government to avoid as much waste, fraud, abuse, and 
mismanagement as possible.
    Thank you again for the opportunity to appear before you 
today. I look forward to answering your questions.
    Chairman Comer. Thank you. The Chair recognizes Dr. Resh, 
and make sure your microphone is on.
    Dr. Resh. OK. Sorry. Mr. Chairman, Ranking----
    Chairman Comer. And if you do not care, pull it to you. It 
is OK, yes. Now we are in business.
    Dr. Resh. All right.
    Chairman Comer. Thank you.

                   STATEMENT OF WILLIAM G. RESH, PH.D

                  ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF PUBLIC POLICY

                             AND MANAGEMENT

         C.C. CRAWFORD PROFESSOR IN MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE

                   SOL PRICE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY

                   UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

    Dr. Resh. Thank you. I am so sorry. So, Mr. Chairman, thank 
you for having me. Ranking Member Connolly and Committee 
Members, thanks for the opportunity to address you today on the 
critical issue of right-sizing government that takes place 
amongst recent administrative actions that I find somewhat 
troubling, not just myself, but according to the literature, 
the scholarship, and observations through history that show 
that these types of actions threaten integrity, effectiveness, 
and stability of our Federal workforce.
    For decades, debates over the size of government have 
focused too narrowly on a headcount of civilian employees, 
which obscures a more pressing concern: the growing 
misalignment between Federal responsibilities and the 
government's capacity to manage them. While the number of 
civilian Federal employees has remained stable at around 2.4 
million, not including postal workers, Federal spending has 
increased fivefold since the 1960's. More than $759 billion was 
spent on contracts in 2023 alone, and this is relatively small 
in comparison to the last year of the first Trump 
Administration, where estimates were as high as $1.2 trillion 
in contracts, meaning that much of what government does today 
is carried through private firms rather than through career 
civil servants. Some estimate that there is as many as three to 
four contract employees for every Federal civil servant, and 
this shift has weakened oversight, increased inefficiencies, 
and created accountability gaps, leaving taxpayers footing the 
bill for cost overruns on contracts, delays, and policy 
failures. They come not from incompetence of the civil service, 
but from incapacity.
    At the same time, civil servants are underpaid relevant to 
their private sector counterparts, earning on average 23 
percent less than similarly qualified professionals in the 
private sector. The salary gap combined with mounting political 
pressures and the expanding scope of government 
responsibilities has made it increasingly difficult to attract 
and retain top talent. This is particularly concerning given 
that 70 percent of Federal employees work in national security 
roles, and 80 percent serve outside of Washington providing 
vital services to the communities across the country. And 
despite these challenges, recent administrative actions 
threaten to destabilize the civil service further by increasing 
politicization and eroding the principles of professional 
nonpartisan workforce.
    The so-called policy/career reclassification would strip 
job protections from tens of thousands of career civil 
servants, allowing them to be dismissed and replaced with 
political appointees at-will, and this risks creating a climate 
of fear and self-censorship, where professionals hesitate to 
provide objective, evidence-based advice for fear out of 
political retaliation. History and research are clear. 
Governments that rely on merit-based civil service systems 
perform better. They are less prone to corruption and deliver 
more effective public services. By contrast, increased 
politicization, substituting experienced professionals with 
short-term political loyalists reduces efficiency, complicates 
long-term planning, and increases the risk of policy failures.
    Beyond inefficiency, politicization weakens the very 
mechanisms that ensure accountability and integrity in 
government. Civil servants are often the last line of defense 
against waste, fraud, and abuse, ensuring that government funds 
are spent wisely and in accordance with the law. When 
experienced professionals are replaced by individuals selected 
for political loyalty rather than expertise, government 
oversight erodes and leads to costly mismanagement and a 
decline in public trust.
    This dynamic is not theoretical. It has played out in past 
administrations and has been extensively documented in 
research. Countries that move toward greater political control 
over bureaucracies see decline in effectiveness, increased 
regulatory capture, and greater difficulty in responding to 
crises. Conversely, nations that invest in independent 
professional civil service see better policy outcomes, stronger 
economic growth, and higher public confidence.
    The U.S. has long benefited from a stable, merit-based 
civil service that has helped sustain democracy through times 
of war, economic upheaval, and national crises. Attempts to 
weaken the system, whether it is through mass firings, loyalty-
based appointments, or the dismantling of institutional 
safeguards do not lead to a more effective government. Instead, 
they result in greater instability, inefficiency, and 
governance failures that harm all Americans.
    In conclusion, any discussion of right-sizing government 
must grapple with the structural transformation that has 
already been underway. Rather than reducing the number of 
career civil servants or subjecting them to politically 
motivated purges, we should reinvest in the workforce to ensure 
that government functions effectively, remains accountable, and 
serves the public interest. The evidence overwhelmingly 
supports one clear lesson; that is, strengthening, not 
weakening the civil service has the surest path to effective 
and democratic government that works for all of us. Thank you 
very much.
    Chairman Comer. Thank you. We will now begin our questions. 
The Chair recognizes Dr. Gosar from Arizona.
    Mr. Gosar. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. We are here today to 
tame the labyrinth of the Federal bureaucracy. That is why I 
was elected, and, frankly, that is why President Trump was 
reelected this past November. More responsible government 
spending means less need for taxation on the American people. 
My colleagues on the other side of the aisle have claimed cuts 
to waste, fraud, and abuse will include cuts to Social Security 
and Medicare. However, promoting efficiency and cutting 
wasteful spending actually protects Social Security and 
Medicare by ensuring available and continued funding. And if 
they have any more doubts, I would invite them to sign on to my 
LASSO Act that actually puts these decisions out of the public 
arm and into the public's domain.
    When Elon Musk acquired Twitter, now X, in 2022, he fired 
about 6,000 employees, or nearly 80 percent of his workforce, 
but there was no lapses in X's management, while perhaps only 
less community notes and less removal of lawful political 
speech. Elon Musk trimmed the fat on X, and we have the 
opportunity to do the same here in Washington.
    Governor Reynolds, not only did you lead a successful 
state-level government reorganization, but you did it twice. 
Congratulations. My question to you is, how did you identify 
waste, and were members of the state legislature empowered to 
also identify those areas with you?
    Governor Reynolds. Thank you for the question. It was 
definitely a collaborative effort. It started with the tax 
cuts, so we did comprehensive reform there. And as a manner to 
sustain it, then we needed to look at the overall government. 
When you coupled COVID on top of that and the inefficiencies 
that I saw in our response to COVID, it led us to start looking 
at processes in the state government, and they were commonsense 
changes, too.
    When we were looking at licensing, when we were looking at 
IT spread across 20 different agencies--I mean, the list went 
on and on--it made sense to restructure it. So, what we did is, 
first of all, we brought our agencies in and their team and had 
them do an overall review of their operation, asking the tough 
questions that really leads to accountability and change. And 
then on top of that, because we are a small team, we also 
brought in an outside consultant to help us with the 
comparisons and help manage it, and then we worked closely with 
the legislature for any ideas that they may have. We spent a 
lot of time walking through the bill in its entirety. When we 
were working with our agencies, that gave us an opportunity to 
understand where some of the pushback might be, so we could 
also get in front of that with the answers to the questions 
that might be posed from realigning a state government.
    But it has made us more efficient. It has made us more 
effective. It is common sense. I think the data is proving out. 
We are seeing it every day, so we will have data to actually 
point to on how we are more efficient and more effective. And 
we are taking dollars from the administration and from the 
bureaucracy, and we are actually putting it into programs, 
getting it on the ground and putting it into people. So, it has 
been very efficient from that perspective as well.
    Mr. Gosar. Well, I noticed you sold state-owned land to 
eliminate waste and generate revenue. Is that correct?
    Governor Reynolds. Yes. We had; I think it was about 5,400 
acres that we were able to sell. I had a cow-calf operation 
with the Department of Corrections. We were not aware of that. 
Then to come to find out we were operating at a loss. You know, 
we need to get back to the core function of government, and as 
the bureaucracy continues to grow, the scope also grows with 
it, and that is when we start to see the inefficiencies.
    Mr. Gosar. Well, I tell you what. That is music to my soul 
because I have got a HEARD Act. It mimics what Harry Reid did 
in Southern Nevada. He found out that Las Vegas was surrounded 
by BLM. He could not grow it.
    Governor Reynolds. Yes.
    Mr. Gosar. And so, what they did is they found out that the 
Federal Government has the propriety to look at what the land 
is used for, does it have a purpose, and if not, it has to be 
sold. So, I think there is a great opportunity there.
    Mr. Schatz, I want to touch base with you in regards to, 
the 2024 ``Prime Cuts'' report recommends that the National 
Park Service, Forest Service, and BLM suspend Federal land 
purchases until they effectively manage their currently owned 
land. I agree with you wholeheartedly. Do you generally agree 
that selling public land to states and local communities would 
eliminate unused assets, generate revenue, and provide an 
overall benefit to the Federal Government and to local 
communities?
    Mr. Schatz. Yes, Congressman, and it would generate about 
$15 billion over 3 years, so there is a lot of land out there. 
In fact, the government probably does not even know what it 
owns.
    Mr. Gosar. Yes.
    Mr. Schatz. And it needs to get it done.
    Mr. Gosar. The one thing I really want to make a note of, 
and I am running out of time here, is the National Emergencies 
Act. We have spent $12 trillion since Bill Clinton, and it is 
about one-third of our national debt. I would love to work with 
you in regard to cleaning these up, cleaning them out, and 
getting some aspects and assets back to the people. Thank you. 
I yield back, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair now 
recognizes the Ranking Member for 6 minutes.
    Mr. Connolly. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you for 
your consideration. Governor Reynolds, welcome, and your story 
is a very impressive one. I was the Chairman of a county of 1.2 
million people, one-third of your population, and what you talk 
about resonates with somebody like me, hands-on, trying to make 
sure things work.
    Governor Reynolds. Right.
    Mr. Connolly. Iowa has a population, as I understand, of 
3.24 million people, and you have got a state workforce of 
16,700 full-time employees. Is that correct? That is correct?
    Governor Reynolds. Yes.
    Mr. Connolly. Now, of course, with respect to the Federal 
Government, we are talking about 2.4 million, so it is not only 
a matter of scale. I mean, we are just talking about very 
different kinds of entities. That does not mean we cannot learn 
from a state like Iowa, but I do think that the challenges we 
face at the Federal level are formidably different than what we 
face in my county or your state. As I said, it does not mean we 
cannot learn from it, at all.
    And I listened carefully to you. Is my understanding 
correct that in order to effectuate the reforms you proudly 
championed today, you put on the payroll your wealthiest donor 
who came in and decided what agencies to abolish, which cabinet 
members were to go, how many people were to be fired, and other 
kinds of decisionmaking that was imbued with him or her? Is 
that how you did it in Iowa, your wealthiest donor took that 
lead?
    Governor Reynolds. No, that is a complete misstatement, and 
first of all, we did it without any layoffs whatsoever. We made 
that commitment when we moved into our realignment.
    Mr. Connolly. No layoffs?
    Governor Reynolds. Absolutely no layoffs. I was able to 
eliminate 600 open positions that had been open for over a 
year, but through the transition process and what we have been 
able to accomplish, we did that right now without laying off 
any state employees.
    Mr. Connolly. And excuse me, because my time is limited, 
Governor. I do not mean to be interrupting you. So, the idea 
that your wealthiest donor kind of shepherded all of this is 
false?
    Governor Reynolds. That is false.
    Mr. Connolly. That is false, and you did not lay off 
people. You tried, in fact, to move people around, or?
    Governor Reynolds. No, we made that commitment at the 
beginning of the process.
    Mr. Connolly. You made a commitment to that?
    Governor Reynolds. First of all, these were commonsense 
changes. It was a realignment. It was----
    Mr. Connolly. Got it.
    Governor Reynolds. [continuing]. Highlighting the cabinet 
members that I thought should be in the cabinet and making 
government operate more efficiently and reduce the amount of 
time.
    Mr. Connolly. I think that is a very Iowan concept, too: 
commonsense.
    Governor Reynolds. Yes.
    Mr. Connolly. And I like it. It is a non-ideological 
approach to governance.
    Professor Resh, would it be fair to say that what you have 
heard from Governor Reynolds is distinctly different from what 
we are experiencing in the first 15 days of the Trump 
Administration with Elon Musk allegedly at the helm? And please 
speak loudly into that microphone so we can hear you.
    Dr. Resh. Yes.
    Mr. Connolly. Yes.
    Dr. Resh. Quite simply, yes.
    Mr. Connolly. Very different?
    Dr. Resh. It seems different, yes.
    Mr. Connolly. And would you say that it is unprecedented, 
unusual, and maybe even of dubious legality that so much 
authority and power has been vested in one individual who is an 
outside billionaire with no government experience, other than 
benefiting from government contracts, to wield this kind of 
power and influence and be firing people, laying off people, 
threatening to dismantle whole agencies, something that 
apparently Governor Reynolds actually actively tried to avoid, 
to get political buy-in and to try to create a spirit of 
cooperation?
    Dr. Resh. It seems to me that the actions that are being 
promulgated by DOGE lack legal authority. I am not a legal 
scholar. I am a scholar of executive politics and public 
management. But from what I can tell, this violates several 
legal authorities that are granted by Congress, not 
unilaterally by the President.
    Mr. Connolly. Governor Reynolds made a point of saying she 
worked with the legislature to effectuate the reforms, which 
always sounds to me like a pretty good idea. You want to work 
with your legislators. Here in Washington, there are laws on 
the books, you know. For example, you may want to dismantle the 
Agency for International Development, but Congress created AID, 
that agency, in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. And it 
seems to me that if you want to dismantle it or fold it into 
another agency, you got to come back to Congress and amend that 
Act. Do you think that is a fair statement?
    Dr. Resh. I think that is a fair statement.
    Mr. Connolly. And likewise, when it comes to freezing 
funding for Federal agencies, the Impoundment Control Act of 
1974 governs impoundment, and the Supreme Court ruling during 
the Nixon years made it very clear that the power of the purse 
is exclusively vested in the legislative branch of Congress 
under the Constitution of the United States. Is that a fair 
statement?
    Dr. Resh. It is a fair statement, and it is the standing 
position of the courts.
    Mr. Connolly. I am sorry?
    Dr. Resh. I said it is a fair statement, and it is the 
standing position of the courts.
    Mr. Connolly. Thank you. I yield back, Mr. Chairman. Thank 
you.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Ms. Mace from South Carolina for 5 minutes.
    Ms. Mace. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. There has been a lot of 
pearl clutching over the last several days from my colleagues 
across the aisle on Donald Trump, Secretary Rubio, the 
Department of Government Efficiency's plan to reorganize the 
U.S. Agency for International Development, or, as we all now 
know, USAID. They are screaming about Elon Musk over there, 
but, hey, George Soros and his boy are OK. You know, they 
scream that we are all a threat to democracy when they have 
been systematically dismantling democracy before our eyes. They 
have been caught with their hand in the cookie jar, and there 
is no going back. So, I tell my colleagues across the other 
side, I will take your salty tears and sit right back down.
    USAID has long strayed from its mission to effectively and 
efficiently administer aid to advance American interests. USAID 
has become rotten to its core, sacrificing the prudent use of 
taxpayer dollars at the altar of advancing radical centers for 
social and political agendas abroad, from discriminatory DEI 
initiatives to extreme gender ideology, to marginalize real, 
bona fide biological women. For decades, while homeless 
veterans sleep on our streets, our communities rebuild from 
natural disasters, and American families struggle to get by, 
USAID has pillaged and plundered the American treasury, 
essentially lighting American taxpayer dollars on fire, funding 
some of the dumbest, I mean, stupidest, just dumbest 
initiatives imaginable, all supported by the left, and that is 
why their party is crumbling.
    Today, I am going to expose some of the initiatives USAID 
has funded over the years and ask each of you a yes or no 
question--if you believe these expenditures of American 
taxpayer dollars put America First. So, it will be ``yes'' or 
``no.''
    USAID awarded $2 million to strengthen trans-led 
organizations to deliver gender-affirming health care in 
Guatemala. So, to each of you this morning, does this advance 
the interests of American citizens paying for trannies in 
Guatemala to the tune of $2 million? Yes or no? Governor?
    Governor Reynolds. No.
    Mr. Schatz. No.
    Dr. Resh. I have no position.
    Ms. Mace. Of course you do not. OK. USAID awarded over 
$750,000 to fund alleviating loneliness among migrant garment 
workers in India. Does this advance America's interests? 
Governor?
    Governor Reynolds. No.
    Mr. Schatz. No.
    Dr. Resh. I have no position.
    Ms. Mace. USAID awarded $1.5 million for providing a 
gender-sensitive response to migration at the Venezuelan 
border. Does this advance America's interests? Governor?
    Governor Reynolds. No.
    Mr. Schatz. No.
    Dr. Resh. I have no position.
    Ms. Mace. Does this advance the interest? OK. So, USAID 
awarded $4.3 million on October 1, 2023, to a group to fund 
comprehensive health services for men having sex with other men 
in South Africa. Does this advance the interests of American 
citizens? Governor?
    Governor Reynolds. No.
    Mr. Schatz. No.
    Dr. Resh. I have no position.
    Ms. Mace. I bet you do not. OK. USAID awarded $1.5 million 
to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion in Serbia's 
workplaces and business communities by promoting economic 
empowerment and opportunity for LGBTQI+ people in Serbia. Does 
this advance America's interests?
    Governor Reynolds. No.
    Mr. Schatz. No.
    Dr. Resh. No position.
    Ms. Mace. You have no idea, right? OK. USAID awarded over 
$70,000 to a group to deliver a live musical event to promote 
the U.S. and Irish shared values of diversity, equity, 
inclusion, and accessibility. Does this advance the interests 
of America?
    Governor Reynolds. No.
    Mr. Schatz. No.
    Dr. Resh. No position.
    Ms. Mace. No position or no clue? OK. USAID awarded $1.5 
million to fund strengthening community support structures to 
upscale LGBT rights advocacy in Jamaica. Does this advance our 
interests?
    Governor Reynolds. No.
    Mr. Schatz. No.
    Dr. Resh. No position.
    Ms. Mace. USAID awarded $28 million to a group to 
facilitate the economic insertion of Venezuelan migrants and 
refugees in Peru and Ecuador. Does this advance our interests?
    Governor Reynolds. No.
    Mr. Schatz. No.
    Dr. Resh. No position.
    Ms. Mace. OK. USAID awarded $17.5 million to fund voluntary 
medical male circumcision overseas. Does this advance America's 
interest?
    Governor Reynolds. No.
    Mr. Schatz. No.
    Dr. Resh. No position.
    Ms. Mace. I do not know what circumcision overseas has to 
do with America First either. USAID awarded nearly $150,000 to 
fund HIV prevention services targeting men who have sex with 
men and transgender. Does this advance America's interests?
    Governor Reynolds. No.
    Mr. Schatz. No.
    Dr. Resh. No position.
    Ms. Mace. Yes. Unfortunately, I am limited to 5 minutes, 
but these are the programs Democrats are so desperate to save, 
our foreign assistance system is badly broken, and this ends 
now. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentlelady yields back.
    Mr. Connolly. Mr. Chairman, parliamentary inquiry.
    Chairman Comer. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Connolly. The gentlelady has used a phrase that is 
considered a slur in the LGBTQ community and the transgender 
community. Let me please finish without an interruption.
    Ms. Mace. Tranny, tranny, tranny. I do not really care. You 
want penises in women's bathrooms, and I am not going to have 
it.
    Chairman Comer. OK.
    Ms. Mace. No. Thank you. This is disgusting.
    Mr. Connolly. Mr. Chairman?
    Chairman Comer. Let the gentleman state his parliamentary 
inquiry.
    Mr. Connolly. Thank you. To me, a slur is a slur, and here 
in the Committee, a level of decorum requires us to try, 
consciously, to avoid slurs. You just heard the gentlelady, 
actually, actively, robustly repeat it, and I would just ask 
the Chairman that she be counseled--that we ought not to be 
engaged--we can have debate and policy discussion without 
offending human beings who are our fellow citizens. And so, I 
would ask, as a parliamentary inquiry, whether the use of that 
phrase is not, in fact, a violation of the decorum rule.
    Ms. Mace. Mr. Chairman, I am not going to be counseled by a 
man over men in women's spaces or men who have mental health 
issues dressing as women. I am not being counseled by some guy 
over that.
    Mr. Connolly. My inquiry is to the Chairman. Mr. Chairman?
    Chairman Comer. OK. Order. The inquiry is about decorum. 
Decorum is at the discretion of the Chair.
    Ms. Mace. That is mansplaining, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Comer. I will be honest with the Ranking Member. I 
am not up to date on my politically correct LGBTQ terminology. 
We will look into that and get back with you on that. I do not 
know what is offensive and what is not. I do not know much 
about pronouns or offensive terms and that.
    Mr. Connolly. I appreciate that, Mr. Chairman.
    Ms. Mace. Mr. Chairman, we do not have to anymore.
    Mr. Connolly. So, I thank the Chair for his willingness to 
further engage in this matter.
    Chairman Comer. All right. The Chair now recognizes Ms. 
Norton from Washington, DC, for 5 minutes.
    Ms. Norton. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. This is only the 
second oversight hearing this Congress. The first one was about 
denigrating Federal employees. This one is about denigrating 
Federal employees, too.
    The Trump Administration, including the Trump shadow 
government, seems intent on dismantling much of the Federal 
Government in violation of the Constitution, statutes, and 
regulations. The Administration has relentlessly attacked 
Federal employees, subjecting them to chaos and fear. The 
Administration has imposed a hiring freeze, offered deferred 
resignation, fired employees, put employees on leave, 
effectively established Schedule F, and ended telework and 
remote work. Our two hearings so far are designed to lay the 
predicate to gut the nonpartisan Federal civil service and to 
convert a significant portion of the remaining civil service 
into political appointees.
    Federal workers deserve praise for their expertise, 
dedication, and service, not derision. Thousands of civil 
Federal servants have given their lives in the line of duty for 
the country. Instead of attacking Federal employees, this 
Committee should be considering bills to support the Federal 
workforce, such as my bill to combat Federal pay compression or 
my bill to make permanent the free identity protection coverage 
that Congress required OPM to temporarily provide to 
individuals whose Social Service [sic] numbers were potentially 
compromised during the OPM data breaches. As I said at our last 
hearing, this Committee can do better for the American people, 
and I yield back, Mr. Chairman.
    Mr. Connolly. Will the gentlelady please yield to the 
Ranking Member?
    Ms. Norton. I will be glad to.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes the Ranking Member.
    Mr. Connolly. I thank the Chairman.
    Chairman Comer. It was 2 minutes and 10 seconds.
    Mr. Connolly. I thank the gentlelady. So, Dr. Resh, could 
you elaborate just a little bit more on your answer to the 
previous question about, sort of, unelected, superannuated 
appointees who are not subject to the advice and consent of the 
U.S. Senate and have arrogated apparently to themselves, either 
with or without the acquiescence or consent of the President 
himself, enormous powers? I mean, could you elaborate a little 
bit on that, on how unprecedented that is, and what are the 
dangers? What could go wrong with that? Why should we be 
concerned? And please speak louder into that microphone.
    Dr. Resh. Yes, sir. So, the problems that can arise from a 
lack of accountability are many. Particularly in the form of 
DOGE, we see a person that is leading it that is entangled in 
billions upon dollars of Federal contracts, has an empire that 
is regulated across various industries, across various 
agencies. Having a person that is potentially influencing where 
workforce cuts might take place, without any transparency as to 
the decisionmaking, potentiates conflicts of interest, 
particularly in those domains in which he is regulated or in 
which he has contracts with various agencies.
    Mr. Connolly. And interestingly enough, you heard Governor 
Reynolds, a testimony about her process. This is not how they 
did it in Iowa.
    Dr. Resh. No, I am very impressed with her reforms, but it 
had nothing to do with politically connected individuals 
deciding.
    Mr. Connolly. And one of the cautions I heard you say is we 
have got to also be concerned about conflicts of interest when 
that same individual, imbued with all of these powers, has 
government contracts.
    Dr. Resh. I would say that across the contract state, there 
are laws, but they are very weak in terms of regulating the 
extent to which political donations can be made by large 
contractors.
    Mr. Connolly. I thank the gentlelady for yielding.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Mr. Grothman from 
Wisconsin.
    Mr. Grothman. Thank you much. A lot of other people have 
weighed in on Mr. Musk, so I felt I should weigh in just as 
briefly. In another committee, we are waiting on an opportunity 
to publicize a study showing that on this transgender 
lifestyle, the more you talk about it, the more you get. And if 
you do not talk about it, like they do not in Europe, there are 
not that many people going into it, and, therefore, I would 
like to thank Mr. Musk and Mr. Trump. When they found out that 
we were talking about this stuff or apparently promoting it in 
other countries, they slammed the brakes on that agency really 
quick, which was, I think, the right and moral thing to do. And 
it is unfortunate the U.S. Government was apparently engaging 
in activity that would increase the people choosing that 
lifestyle.
    Now, I was in the state legislature for many years before I 
got here, Governor Reynolds, and, quite frankly, one of the 
reasons I ran for this job is, again and again, I wanted to do 
things at the state level, and was told I could not because it 
was Federal law. I wonder if you can give us some examples of 
things, and whether it be health care, education, welfare, what 
have you, or you wish you could do things in Iowa, but cannot 
do them because of Federal mandates.
    Governor Reynolds. The list is long, especially as we have 
aligned government and become more efficient. You know, I would 
say the lack of accountability was what I saw in the complete 
review that we did. We reviewed over 800 agency programs in 
which there was not one KPI, there was not one metric, there 
was not one accountability measure tied to any of it whatsoever 
with the existing programs. And so, nothing comes before me now 
from my agency, my cabinet, without a KPI and a metric tied to 
it if they want to, you know, continue the program or if they 
want to add to it.
    But I can talk about a couple different things. SNAP would 
be one example. You know, we have an antiquated system, as does 
a lot of the governments, especially the Federal Government. 
And right now, we have about 500 workers that are doing 
eligibility, manually, validating it from a dozen different 
points. And we have, of course, have a fairly high error rate, 
of which there are fines attached to a timely delay, a 
timeliness and error rate. I have asked FNS for just the 
opportunity to issue an RFP so I can get a system that would 
allow me to use technology to collect all of the different data 
points, reduce the timeline and that error rate and the fines 
that my state is being charged. And I have been waiting for 
over a year to get an approval just on an RFP, to go out and 
select a vendor to be able to offer that, and then it has to go 
back to them for a sign off on that.
    CMS is just another nightmare. We have waited up to 3 years 
to get managed care rate approvals. I have a Thrive platform 
that I am trying to put in place, which is a public-private 
partnership, which would allow faith-based organizations and 
nonprofits to help Iowans in need, to partner with what we are 
doing at the government, at the state level. And we have, 
again, waited over a year just to simply get them to sign off 
on the RFP so that I can implement technology and serve my 
constituents, especially those in need, in a better manner, 
and, you know, we see this time and time again, especially with 
CMS. Just the delay in getting the answers, there is a cost of 
money in that, and we are not able to effectively serve the 
citizens in our reflective states.
    Mr. Grothman. If you could, are there ways you would change 
these programs that you feel would reduce dependency, reduce 
the number of people on the programs, but cannot because of 
Federal law?
    Governor Reynolds. Well, I cannot even move forward. I 
mean, I am getting fined because I cannot aggregate the data. 
We collect a lot of data at the state level, but we cannot 
aggregate it, and I am trying to stand up a system that would 
allow us to do that, and they are preventing us from doing that 
by simply signing off on an RFP so that we can move forward.
    Mr. Grothman. OK. Give me----
    Governor Reynolds. A block grant would be another example. 
Department of Education is a great example of how we could do 
things differently with the ESSA title funding formula. There 
are 10 different streams. They all have different funding 
formulas. They all have different requirements. They all have 
different outcomes. And if we could streamline those into one 
formula with consistency across it, and block grant that back 
to the states, and give us the flexibility to be innovative and 
to really meet the various needs in our states. They are all 
different. We can do that.
    Mr. Grothman. Do you think you could get people out of the 
special education system quicker if you have more flexibility?
    Governor Reynolds. Yes, so that is another example. We 
could tie the two together, and it could be based on the state 
plan. The AEA, Area Agency Educators, are what run the special 
education program in our state. It is about $530 million with 
state and Federal funding. Not one person that I talked to, not 
a school board, not a teacher, not anybody in the AEA system 
could tell me the cost of providing a service. I mean, so, when 
you continue to grow government, those types of questions, 
those types of analysis, are not even taking place. They just 
need more money, or they want to know if they have spent all of 
it.
    There is never an evaluation that is done. There is never 
an accountability, there is no transparency, and that is why we 
are getting the results that we are getting. Our scores are 
horrible, and when I try to bring some accountability to the 
system, shut down. I mean, so it is happening at the state and 
Federal level, but if we can work collectively together, I 
think we can get the results that we are looking for.
    Mr. Grothman. Thank you very much. A big mistake whenever 
we do anything on a Federal level.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair now recognizes Mr. Lynch from 
Massachusetts.
    Mr. Lynch. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. As former Chairman of 
the Subcommittee on National Security on this Committee many 
years ago, and as a Member for many years as well, we had the 
opportunity to work extensively with Members on both sides of 
the aisle, Mr. Grothman and others, to conduct oversight of our 
Federal security clearance process. We had a very bad incidence 
in the 2018 timeframe where our security clearance process that 
was conducted at OPM was hacked by the Chinese. And so, they 
were able to get the identities of anybody who had appeared to 
try to get security clearance. It was a major intelligence 
failure. So, in 2020, Members on this Committee and others, 
especially the Intelligence Committee, made an agreement that 
we shifted that responsibility over to DOD. And so, since then, 
since 2020, the Department of Defense--it is called the 
Counterintelligence and Security Agency, DCSA--has been 
conducting those security clearance applications, and they have 
been doing very, very well compared to what was going on 
before.
    The problem is this, that on day one of his new term, 
President Trump took an end-run around our entire national 
security apparatus by allowing White House counsel to grant new 
White House officials immediate security clearance at the top 
secret and sensitive compartmental information level, even 
though many of those individuals were not treated with the 
traditional vetting by the FBI. So, top secret SCI security 
clearance allows individuals to access classified intelligence 
sources and methods. So, these are some of our Nation's most 
sensitive pieces of information, which could cause 
exceptionally grave damage to U.S. national security and to our 
intelligence personnel and others who cooperate with them if it 
was exposed.
    Dr. Resh, to make matters worse, Mr. Trump has now given 
Elon Musk and his so-called DOGE team unfettered access to 
Treasury Department, and Office of Personnel Management, and 
other Federal agencies and systems that manage personnel files, 
confidential payment systems, and highly classified 
information. What are the risks? What are the risks of 
sidestepping the existing security clearance process run by DOD 
that has worked very, very well to protect our intelligence 
personnel?
    Dr. Resh. I think some of the risks are substantial, 
particularly given the extent to which this data could be used 
in training foundational models that Mr. Musk and his team 
could use to do this data analysis. I have no idea, actually no 
one has any idea exactly what servers are being used with the 
access to this data. There is privileged information that the 
DOGE team could use to position themselves or their private 
interests as players in government contracts for satellite 
deployment, defense technology, even orbital logistics. He 
could leverage his ties to Trump to position his own 
foundational model, xAI, to have exclusive access to protected 
individual government data to train the models that are really 
black box, could wield the advantage to undercut competition, 
shape the AI landscape in fairly frightening ways, if this 
private individual information and government protected data is 
being used to train those models.
    Now, this is speculation, pure speculation because I do not 
know, and neither do you, and frankly, no one does. But beyond 
creating better-performing models, exclusive access to 
government data would give significant edge in securing long 
term contracts----
    Mr. Lynch. But, Dr. Resh?
    Dr. Resh. Yes.
    Mr. Lynch. Beyond the speculation, why is it important that 
sensitive information is only handled by those who have been 
vetted and granted access to that information?
    Dr. Resh. Well, for exactly these reasons, so that it 
cannot be used for corruptible purposes, and, yes, there are 
positions in place for our Federal career employees to pass 
through various ethics and conflicts of interest thresholds 
that SGEs just simply do not have.
    Mr. Lynch. OK. Mr. Chairman, my time has expired. I yield 
back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Dr. Foxx from North Carolina.
    Ms. Foxx. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, and I thank 
our witnesses for being here today to talk about this important 
subject.
    Governor Reynolds, as you are aware, our sprawling Federal 
Government has over 400 executive branch agencies and 
subagencies and nearly 1,000 Federal boards and commissions. We 
must reduce the burden and cost of the Federal Government. With 
your government reorganization reforms in the state of Iowa, 
you were able to reduce the number of cabinet level departments 
and eliminate many state boards and commissions. What was the 
impact of your reorganization effort?
    Governor Reynolds. Well, thank you for that question. I 
appreciate it very much. Actually, just the efficiencies and 
just the culture in state government--I now have a cabinet that 
communicate, that work together, that come up with innovative 
ideas on their own. And, you know, with the 37-member cabinet, 
I would not know the people that were in the room, and it is 
just not manageable. Thirty-seven direct reports is not 
manageable. And so, to be able to streamline the cabinet and to 
lay out a vision and get them excited about the direction that 
we are taking the state. And whether it is the time that it 
takes to get a physician's license--it went from 65 days to 1--
whether it talks about when you are getting a building permit--
you used to have to go to three different agencies, now you go 
to one--to be able to have IT all in one department. When that 
cyberattack hit with CrowdStrike, because we had all of our IT 
in one agency, we were able to get the state of Iowa back up 
and going shortly after lunch, and some of the states were out 
for weeks and businesses. So, we are more responsive. We are 
more effective. We are serving citizens better.
    And again, not only are we returning taxpayer dollars back 
to our citizens and continuing to reduce the tax burden on 
them, but we are also utilizing those dollars in a better 
manner. We are reducing the administrative cost. When you add 
Federal administrative costs, and then when you have three 
different agencies that you are running through, each one of 
them are taking an administrative cost off of the top. And so, 
by consolidating and realigning, that puts that money back into 
the programs, back into the ground, and back into serving 
Iowans, and so, and it also gives me the visibility now that I 
have into the various agencies because of the reduction. We can 
continue to get better, and we are continuing to make changes, 
and we will, and a lot of those are coming directly from the 
cabinet.
    Ms. Foxx. Let me follow up a little bit. Given your 
successful reorganization, what advice do you have for the 
Trump Administration to reduce the cost and size of the 
government, and what advice do you have for Congress to work 
with the Trump Administration to do this?
    Governor Reynolds. Well, do not buy into the fact that you 
cannot do it. You can do it, and it needs to be done. You know, 
there is just so much waste at all levels of government, at the 
Federal, at the state, and at the local levels, and we are all 
serving the same constituency. We need to do it better. Every 
time there is a duplication, that is a cost to the taxpayer. 
So, we need to think about it holistically, and we need to 
think about how we can streamline the way in which we are 
providing these services. I am a big advocate for block grants 
back to the states. Again, I think that, you know, reduces a 
lot of the overhead, a lot of the bureaucracy. It streamlines. 
It takes an army of people to manage the Federal programs that 
are coming in, especially with Department of Education, and 
then the school districts, also, have to take people off the 
line aside on really educating our students, and they are doing 
compliance instead of working on instruction, so it makes us 
all better.
    Ms. Foxx. Thank you, Governor, for being a shining light 
for us.
    Mr. Schatz, the Grace Commission, created by President 
Reagan in 1982, claimed that if its recommendations were 
followed, the national debt would have been $1.9 trillion by 
the year 2000. Its recommendations were not followed. Instead, 
the debt reached $5.6 trillion in 2000 and skyrocketed to over 
$36 trillion today. How can President Trump, DOGE, and Congress 
ensure that today's government reorganization and reform 
efforts actually get implemented and start reducing our massive 
debt?
    Mr. Schatz. Thank you, Representative Foxx. The Grace 
Commission did save money. President Reagan had $100 billion 
immediately by executive action in 10 years, $240 billion, and 
again over time, $2.4 trillion from the Grace Commission and 
other cost-saving recommendations by CAGW. It takes Congress 
and the executive branch working together, 400 agencies, a 
thousand commissions. That is far too much. The budget has only 
been balanced 5 times in the last 50 years. Think about that. 
If you are a family and you only balanced your budget 5 times 
in 50 years, you are pretty much broke, and whatever and 
however it gets done, something needs to be done. And it may 
not be comfortable for a lot of people, but it really is time 
to move forward quickly, because if we do not, it is our 
children and grandchildren that will suffer. Social Security is 
already spending more than it takes in, so a lot of examples of 
what needs to be fixed and quickly.
    Ms. Foxx. Thank you, Mr. Schatz. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I 
yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentlelady yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Mr. Krishnamoorthi from Illinois.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Good morning, Mr. 
Schatz. On the campaign trail, Donald Trump said on August 15, 
2024, ``Grocery prices have skyrocketed. When I win, I will 
immediately bring down prices starting on day one.'' You do not 
dispute that, right?
    Mr. Schatz. That was the statement, yes.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Unfortunately, the price of groceries 
and eggs have only risen since Donald Trump took office. 
According to the USDA, the wholesale cost of a dozen eggs has 
increased from $6.59 on Inauguration Day, until now it is 
$7.53, a 14-percent increase. Again, you do not dispute that, 
right?
    Mr. Schatz. No.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. I assume you are not happy with this 
particular increase either, right?
    Mr. Schatz. No. I wish the bird flu was not around, but it 
is.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Well, I am glad you brought that up. 
According to PBS and Axios, some of the reasons for high 
grocery prices and high egg prices are avian flu and recalls 
related to salmonella and listeria. You do not dispute that, 
right?
    Mr. Schatz. Correct.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. My staff went back and checked the 
hundreds of executive orders that have been issued by Donald 
Trump, and yet, not a single one has mentioned the words 
``avian flu.'' You do not dispute that, right?
    Mr. Schatz. As far as I know, that is correct.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. And not one has mentioned shutting down 
salmonella, right?
    Mr. Schatz. I do not know if you can shut down salmonella, 
but I guess so.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Or combating salmonella?
    Mr. Schatz. Again, if you say so.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. And not one has mentioned listeria?
    Mr. Schatz. Again, if you say so.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Well, I do not see a single executive 
order that will do anything to address high grocery prices or 
egg prices. This hearing is about rightsizing the Federal 
workforce. I think we should rightsize the cost of eggs, Mr. 
Schatz.
    Governor Reynolds, in your testimony, you said that the 
state of Iowa hired an ``outside firm'' to assist you with your 
efforts to modernize Iowa state government, right?
    Governor Reynolds. Yes.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Of course, at no time did you allow 
this outside firm to ever control Iowa state payment systems, 
right?
    Governor Reynolds. Correct.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. And of course, you did not at any time 
give this outside firm access to the private personal 
information of all Iowans in the state's payment systems, did 
you?
    Governor Reynolds. No.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Of course not. Let us talk about what 
has happened with DOGE for a moment. According to this letter, 
which was sent by the Treasury Department, Jonathan Blum of the 
Treasury Department, a DOGE affiliate of Elon Musk, is now ``a 
special government employee with access to the coded data of 
the Fiscal Services Payment System.'' This is the most 
important Federal payment system in the Nation, responsible for 
making $6 trillion in payments every year to hundreds of 
millions of Americans. And just moments ago, Politico just 
disclosed that DOGE now has access to all Medicare and Medicaid 
payments as well. Now, Elon Musk is in charge of DOGE, Governor 
Reynolds. He has not been confirmed by the Senate to any 
position in the Federal Government, right?
    Governor Reynolds. No.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. And he has not been elected by anybody 
to anything, right?
    Governor Reynolds. Correct.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. He has not, to your knowledge, given a 
financial disclosure to Congress, correct?
    Governor Reynolds. Not that I am aware of.
    [Poster]
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Ma'am, I want to bring your attention 
to something very disturbing that Musk just recently tweeted 
out. As we see at this visual, he said, ``The DOGE team is 
rapidly shutting down illegal payments to Lutheran Family 
Services.'' Musk retweeted a post from Michael Flynn likening 
Lutheran Family Services to ``a money laundering operation.'' 
Governor, you do not believe that the Lutheran Church or 
Lutheran Family Services is a money laundering operation, 
correct?
    Governor Reynolds. Look, I can tell you that in Iowa, the 
taxpayers of Iowa hold me personally responsible and 
accountable for state government, just as they hold President 
Trump accountable for his----
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. But Lutheran Church is not a money 
laundering operation, right?
    Governor Reynolds. [continuing]. As the President of the 
United States, and the election that----
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Ma'am, Des Moines, Iowa, is the home to 
the largest Lutheran congregation of the United States.
    Governor Reynolds. [continuing]. I think Americans 
overwhelmingly, Iowans overwhelmingly----
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Is the Lutheran Church a money 
laundering operation?
    Governor Reynolds. Listen.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Of course not.
    Governor Reynolds. First of all, every program should be 
looked at, and that is what we are trying to do.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. OK. But Lutheran Family Services has 
some connection to money laundering. Is that what you are 
suggesting?
    Governor Reynolds. I am not saying that, but I said every--
--
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Yes or no question. Is it a money 
laundering operation?
    Governor Reynolds. It is not a yes or no question. I cannot 
speak to that.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. You cannot speak to that. Oh, my God. 
Let us go to this USAID issue. The USAID purchases crops from 
Iowa farmers. Recently, Elon Musk called it a criminal 
organization. Purchasing crops from Iowa farmers is not a 
criminal activity, correct?
    Governor Reynolds. I am the Governor of Iowa. I do not have 
anything----
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Yes or no. Is that a criminal activity?
    Governor Reynolds. I am the Governor of Iowa, and I do not 
work with USAID. It is not a position that I am familiar with.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Is purchasing crops from Iowa farmers a 
criminal operation?
    Governor Reynolds. In general, purchasing crops from Iowans 
is not.
    Mr. Krishnamoorthi. Thank you. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair now recognizes Mr. Biggs from 
Arizona.
    Mr. Biggs. Thank you. Governor Reynolds and Mr. Schatz, 
thanks for being here. In 2021, Governor Reynolds, you led the 
state of Iowa in challenging OSHA's unconstitutional private 
sector COVID-19 vaccine mandate.
    Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that the filed 
lawsuit by Governor Reynolds and Governor Reynolds' November 5, 
2021, press release be entered into the record.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Mr. Biggs. Thank you. In that suit, Iowa, Arizona--my 
state--and nine other states argued that the Federal Government 
lacks the constitutional authority under its enumerated powers 
to issue this mandate, and its attempt to do so 
unconstitutionally infringes on the state powers expressly 
reserved by the Tenth Amendment. That is what the lawsuit said, 
Governor, and I agree with that, and guess who else agreed with 
it? The courts agreed with it. And it was the same vaccine 
mandate that led me to introduce my legislation, which is 
pending. It is called NOSHA, which would return to the states 
the authority to regulate workplace health and safety. And I 
notice that Iowa and Arizona, along with 20 other states, 
currently operate under an OSHA state plan.
    Governor Reynolds. Right.
    Mr. Biggs. Is it correct that to approve a state plan, OSHA 
certifies that the state's workplace health and safety plans 
exceed Federal requirements?
    Governor Reynolds. Yes.
    Mr. Biggs. And Iowa, like Arizona, has maintained an 
approved state plan since 1985.
    Governor Reynolds. Yes.
    Mr. Biggs. Do you believe that state officials and the 
people of Iowa are better positioned to set workplace health 
and safety standards than the Federal Government?
    Governor Reynolds. I do.
    Mr. Biggs. If the power to set these standards were 
returned fully to the states, would you maintain Iowa's 
existing high standards for workplace safety, or would you make 
it your mission to put your constituents at risk of danger in 
the workplace?
    Governor Reynolds. I would keep it as the exemplar as it is 
right now.
    Mr. Biggs. Thank you. Now, let us go to a different topic, 
kind of where you have been when my colleague would not let you 
answer questions, but we will try to get there here. So, our 
Nation is $36 trillion in debt with a structural deficit; that 
is a structural deficit, not a cyclical deficit, of $2 trillion 
each year, and it is rising. Just last year, for the first 
time, payments on interest on our debt loan eclipsed our 
defense budget. Meanwhile, we are losing hundreds of billions 
of dollars annually to waste, fraud, abuse, improper payments, 
et cetera.
    Mr. Schatz, thanks for your testimony today. If you are 
tasked with stopping taxpayers from being defrauded in transfer 
payment programs, could that be accomplished without a thorough 
review of how the Federal Government actually sends money out 
the door?
    Mr. Schatz. Absolutely not. In order to determine how the 
money is being spent, somebody has to see what it looks like, 
and that has been a big problem for a long time, is no one has 
looked at it. They just make the payments, and they do not 
prevent it from being wasted when it goes out of the door.
    Mr. Biggs. Governor Reynolds, you know, you have done great 
work in Iowa. I have watched it. Your model that you provided 
for the country is fantastic. Did your reorganization include 
reviews and improvements to state systems focused on stopping 
waste, fraud, and abuse, as Mr. Schatz described?
    Governor Reynolds. It absolutely did, and with the 
realignment and the visibility, as I said earlier, that I now 
have into each agency, it gives us even more opportunities to 
continue to refine and make our systems better. There is money 
in the system. We are just not using it efficiently and 
effectively, and there is no accountability, there is no 
transparency, and this has allowed us to bring that to the 
forefront.
    Mr. Biggs. Right. And so, I am going to ask you, Governor 
Reynolds, and then you, Mr. Schatz, to respond to this. When 
you get an opportunity to look at line-by-line budgeting, where 
the expenses go, that allows you to make adjustments to what is 
really critical on fraud, waste, duplicative programs, et 
cetera?
    Governor Reynolds. Yes, especially the duplicate and the 
fraud. It allows us to review them line-by-line and make 
decisions accordingly.
    Mr. Biggs. Yes. Mr. Schatz?
    Mr. Schatz. That is correct. In fact, the Federal 
Government does not have anything online where taxpayers can 
see exactly how every penny is being spent. Ohio has an Ohio 
checkbook. You can look it up online. There were so many things 
that are not done here the way they are done, not just in the 
private sector, but among the states. And I know there has been 
efforts to modernize technology with 80 percent of the IT being 
legacy systems. Government is far behind in providing the 
transparency taxpayers need. That is part of what they are 
trying to do.
    Mr. Biggs. Yes. So, I am actually baffled that instead of 
cheering the Administration's efforts to conduct a thorough and 
necessary review of the systems, they are receiving, you know, 
these doomsday scenarios, these statements that they want to 
stop it, and I do not know why you want to stop it. I mean, in 
my home state of Arizona, we actually do the same thing. You 
can go online and you can see a line-by-line. I asked for a 
line-by-line, one single agency. I just wanted one agency; can 
you give me a line-by-line budget to look at? They brought me 
two books like this, and none of them were line-by-line. They 
did not cover every program within that agency. They did not 
describe everything that was there. This is what we have to 
correct if we are going to get out of our structural deficit 
hole. And I yield back, Mr. Chairman. Thank you, witnesses.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Mr. Khanna from California.
    Mr. Khanna. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Mr. Schatz, you have said 
that you believe that the Department of Education should not 
exist, that you grew up without the Department of Education, 
had a good education, and you believe it should go to the 
states and local government. Is that an accurate representation 
of your position?
    Mr. Schatz. Yes.
    Mr. Khanna. I just want to understand clearly where you 
stand. So, that would mean that you oppose any Title I funding 
that helps many public schools. It is about $18 billion. Two-
point-eight million American students are impacted. Yes or no. 
Would you be for cutting that $18 billion?
    Mr. Schatz. I did not say to eliminate the programs within 
the Department of Education. I said the Department itself 
should be eliminated. That money should be----
    Mr. Khanna. So, where would you stand on the Title I 
funding?
    Mr. Schatz. Well, that money should be assessed to 
determine whether it is being used effectively. Governor 
Reynolds mentioned how many different ways that money could be 
spent.
    Mr. Khanna. But right now, would you want that money 
paused, or do you think the money should be disbursed, the $18 
billion?
    Mr. Schatz. I think it is something that Congress needs to 
determine in the administration----
    Mr. Khanna. Yes. Congress, not the----
    Mr. Schatz. Both. Look----
    Mr. Khanna. No, but it is a simple question. Do you think 
the $18 billion that Congress has appropriated and authorized 
should be disbursed?
    Mr. Schatz. At the moment, it should be disbursed because 
that has been the law to disburse it.
    Mr. Khanna. And you are for examining it and then possibly 
cutting it?
    Mr. Schatz. If there is a more effective way--look, 
spending has gone up, test scores have gone like this, or down.
    Mr. Khanna. Do you understand the difference between 
correlation and causation?
    Mr. Schatz. What has happened is that spending has gone 
higher, education has not improved. That is the answer.
    Mr. Khanna. Yes, but they are also the state budget 
because--I do not want to get into the difference between 
correlation and causation, but just a simple question on Title 
I. So, you would be for examining it, but possibly cutting it, 
and that is your testimony.
    Mr. Schatz. That is possible. Everything in the Federal 
Government needs to be reexamined.
    Mr. Khanna. OK. Pell Grants: 7,395 of the neediest low-
income students annually get these grants. It has helped about 
6.7 million students. Would you be for cutting Pell Grants?
    Mr. Schatz. I think, again, it needs to be looked at and 
examined to determine if it is effective.
    Mr. Khanna. So, possibly cutting them?
    Mr. Schatz. Anything is possible and----
    Mr. Khanna. OK. What about----
    Mr. Schatz [continuing]. That is a different category, that 
is an entitlement, that is not discretionary.
    Mr. Khanna. So, you do believe they should be disbursed 
today?
    Mr. Schatz. One of the problems with programs like Pell 
Grants are that they are not examined as much as they should 
be.
    Mr. Khanna. Do you agree, though, that Elon Musk--I have 
just been going back and forth with him on Twitter
    -he said, ``Don't a dick.'' I said, ``Make sure you follow 
the Constitution.'' But do you agree that he has no authority 
to stop payments on anything that Congress has authorized and 
appropriated?
    Mr. Schatz. I think that is being tested, but I think, 
generally, that should be correct.
    Mr. Khanna. If he were asking you, would you advise him to 
not stop payments that have been authorized and appropriated by 
Congress?
    Mr. Schatz. My statement said that Congress has 
appropriated money or provided money, and there should be an 
examination of the results of how that money is being spent. 
That is what I think should be done.
    Mr. Khanna. I missed the earlier procedural vote. I just 
want to make clear. I think that Mr. Musk should come and 
testify before this Committee to explain that he is not going 
to stop payments, at all, for money that Congress has 
authorized and appropriated. Now, the IDEA Program that is 
about $14.2 billion--would you stop the funding or cut the 
funding for the IDEA Program that helps kids with disabilities?
    Mr. Schatz. Again, something that Congress needs to review 
to determine if it is achieving its mission. That is the whole 
point of everything that we have been talking about.
    Mr. Khanna. Now, you realize that lot of local and state 
governments complain because the IDEA Program was supposed to 
be funded at 40 precent. Jared Huffman, my colleague, has a 
bill to do that. We only fund it at 15 percent. The school 
districts complain that they have an unfunded mandate, and you 
are saying maybe we should cut even more than the 15 percent?
    Mr. Schatz. I did not say cut. I said it should be examined 
to determine if it is being effective and whether the money 
should go back to the states entirely.
    Mr. Khanna. Do you believe it is being effective?
    Mr. Schatz. I think the Department of Education has proven 
that it has not provided the results that Congress wants to 
provide.
    Mr. Khanna. I have got 1 minute. Do you believe in these 
three things: Title I funding, Pell Grants, and IDEA--tell me 
if you think they have been effective or have not been 
effective. IDEA grants?
    Mr. Schatz. I am honestly not familiar with that program as 
much as some of the others.
    Mr. Khanna. OK. I mean, that is----
    Mr. Schatz. But that is also an answer that----
    Mr. Khanna. Pell Grants?
    Mr. Schatz. Pell Grants have provided support, but, again, 
everything needs to be re-examined.
    Mr. Khanna. Title I funding?
    Mr. Schatz. Again, the same thing. We have got a $36 
trillion debt, we have $2 trillion deficit, so that is all 
combined in there.
    Mr. Khanna. Well, the Department of Education is a very 
small percent of the funding. It is the Defense Department 
spending that is the big part. I appreciate you are at least 
telling Musk that he should not stop these payments that have 
been authorized by Congress. I hope Elon will come in and 
explain that. He will not do that, but I am concerned that you 
want to cut programs like the IDEA Act, possibly, that are 
helping kids with disabilities across America.
    Mr. Schatz. I did not say that, Congressman. What I did say 
was--look, part of the problem is everybody says this is only a 
small percentage of spending, and then you get a $36 trillion 
debt.
    Mr. Khanna. Yes, because the big items are defense and the 
tax breaks for the wealthy.
    Chairman Comer. OK. The gentleman's time has expired.
    The Chair recognizes Mr. Higgins from Louisiana.
    Mr. Higgins. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I have a lot to cover 
and not a lot of time to do it in.
    I would like to enter for the record, please, a letter from 
the Associated Builders and Contractors of America regarding 
merit-based hiring, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Mr. Higgins. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. My brothers and 
sisters on both sides of the aisle, we have a historical trend 
in our Nation. We have an opportunity to address legitimately 
from both liberal and conservative perspectives. I think it 
should be embraced because, generally speaking, we started 
losing our country about 40 years ago regarding the accelerated 
accumulation of debt. And this coincides, of course, with the 
massive growth of the Federal Government, and this coincides, 
of course, with the ongoing increasing infringement upon 
individual liberties, rights, and freedoms, and movement away 
from the sovereignty of our states regarding their ability to 
handle their business, reflective of the Tenth Amendment, might 
I add, which reserves to the states all authorities not 
specifically enumerated to the Federal Government or prohibited 
to the states by Congress or the Constitution.
    So, I mean, ladies and gentlemen, President Clinton--when 
you have a unified government, when you have either party in 
majority control in the House, the Senate, and the White House, 
that is opportunity to really address the trajectory that won 
in our country. President Clinton was not going to reduce the 
size and scope of the Federal Government. President Bush was 
not going to reduce the size and scope of the Federal 
Government. President Obama was not going to do that. You have 
a unique moment in history right now. We have an obligation to 
address the trajectory that has been established over the last 
four decades. This is a trajectory toward doom for our country. 
It is unsustainable.
    So, we have an executive branch that is pumping the brakes, 
and this is something that this town is very uncomfortable 
with, and, quite frankly, is new territory. It is a new 
exercise for our country in modern history. So, there is going 
to be maybe some wild steering, shall we say, when you are 
applying the brakes for the first time in modern history, but I 
encourage my colleagues on both sides of the aisle to grasp 
what is going on here. We are trying to save our republic from 
itself.
    Governor Reynolds, I would like to ask you about your role. 
Your beautiful work reducing your own executive branch from 37 
cabinet level departments to 16, is exactly the kind of thing 
we are trying to do. You saved your state a lot of money. You 
changed your trajectory of spending. You reestablished 
financial stability and economic prosperity because of your 
conservative approach, which is what we are trying to do. 
President Trump and Mr. Musk as an ambassador of common sense 
for President Trump, to look hard at the practices of our 
executive branches and to reduce their size and scope.
    Governor Reynolds, I have a formula, essentially, that 
transitions Federal service back to the sovereign states. We 
can save a lot of money doing this. What are your thoughts on 
shifting Federal responsibilities away from the massive Federal 
Government to the sovereign states--generally speaking, 
agencies like EPA, FEMA, Bureau of Prisons? How would that work 
in your state, ma'am?
    Governor Reynolds. Well, we would welcome that. Again, and 
especially with the alignment, I think we are positioned very 
well to do that, so I appreciate what I see happening with 
DOGE. As I indicated in my remarks, I am standing up Iowa DOGE 
so we can continue to bring the private sector in to examine 
the way that we are doing business. Government has to operate 
more like a business. It had been 40 years--40 years--since we 
even looked at the structure of government in Iowa. It was ripe 
for reform. You know, they never eliminate a program. They 
never do away with one. Once it is started, it stays. If it is 
not working, they think more money is the answer to it, so we 
keep it. If it does not work, there are really no metrics ever 
tied to anything, but the ongoing thought is, if we put a 
little bit more money into it, eventually it is going to work.
    So, I believe that states are well suited to implement 
block grants with accountability, with transparency, with 
metrics, with KPIs, so that we can report back to the Federal 
Government the results that we are seeing from the opportunity 
to take those streamlined dollars and be innovative and be 
effective, whether it is the Department of Education, FEMA. I 
had three Presidential disaster declarations in 2 months this 
last spring.
    Mr. Biggs. Yes, ma'am. Thank you. My time has expired. 
Governor, thank you for the work that you are doing. Mr. 
Chairman, I yield.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Ms. Brown from Ohio.
    Ms. Brown. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. At this very moment, an 
unelected, unaccountable billionaire is raiding our government, 
and instead of raising the alarm, the Oversight Committee--let 
me repeat that--the Oversight Committee is running cover as 
their President strips the government for parts. Two weeks in, 
here is where we are at:
    President Trump attempted to freeze funding for vital 
programs, tried to make it easier to fire tens and thousands of 
Federal workers, pressured more to resign, and has attempted to 
bust union contracts. Meanwhile, Elon Musk, who has been tasked 
with running a fake governmental department, now has access to 
the Federal Payment System, and apparently the personal 
information of every American. And none of this is happening 
with congressional approval, and apparently my colleagues, the 
Republicans on this committee, also want it to happen without 
any congressional oversight. This is no way to govern, but they 
know that. Instead, they want to bully and intimidate Federal 
workers into submission. They want to replace experienced 
workers who are loyal to the country with lackeys loyal to one 
man.
    The truth is that the civil service is filled with loyal, 
dependable, and knowledgeable folks. They are people who 
sacrifice for our country and keep the government ticking for 
the American people. They ensure Social Security payments 
arrive on time, inspect our food and water to keep it safe, 
care for our veterans, crack down on corporate fraud, and track 
deadly outbreaks like the bird flu. Cutting these jobs does not 
make government leaner. It makes America weaker and it makes 
life harder for everyday people.
    Look at what happens when the government is stripped down 
to the bone. In Ohio, Social Security field offices are on the 
verge of collapse. Recently, a field office in my district had 
to close its doors due to severe staffing shortages. The Social 
Security workforce has shrunk in the last 2 decades, but at the 
same time, its workload has increased by 25 percent. We have 
asked Social Security workers to do more with less, and they 
have somehow managed because public servants are not the enemy. 
They are the people keeping this country running, and this 
assault on them is an assault on all of us.
    So, Governor Reynolds, thank you for joining us today. I 
want to ask you a series of ``yes'' or ``no'' questions. In 
2023, did you sign a bill to gut the state auditor's ability to 
hold you and the state government accountable? Yes or no.
    Governor Reynolds. A bill was signed to restrict--to 
address----
    Ms. Brown. I take that as a yes.
    Governor Reynolds. Yes.
    Ms. Brown. Iowa law has a provision to hold lawbreakers in 
government accountable for sexual harassment, but your 
administration has paid out millions of dollars in settlements 
for harassment. This has cost the taxpayers in your state. Is 
that rightsized government? Yes or no.
    Governor Reynolds. Changes have been made to address that, 
but previous, that was a previous----
    Ms. Brown. Reclaiming my time. Mr. Chair, I seek to ask 
unanimous consent to enter into the record this Iowa Public 
Radio article entitled, ``Iowa Will Pay $4.15 Million in 
Finance Authority Sex Harassment Settlements,'' into the 
record.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Brown. Now, during my colleague's question line, you 
stated that every program should be looked at. However, you 
signed a school voucher bill that sends $100 million of 
taxpayer dollars intended for public schools to private schools 
without any independent oversight of how this money is spent. 
Yes or no, is this protecting against waste, fraud, and abuse?
    Governor Reynolds. They are held accountable.
    Ms. Brown. I will take that as a no.
    Governor Reynolds. They are held accountable.
    Ms. Brown. Last question. Iowa has 10,000 Federal workers. 
Which Federal jobs do you think are redundant? Is it the staff 
providing care to veterans at the VA facilities in Des Moines 
and Iowa City, the USDA experts supporting your state's 
farmers, or the Social Security staff ensuring payments reach 
seniors?
    Let us be clear about what is happening here. This is not 
about rightsizing the Federal Government. It is about gutting 
it, and it is about weakening our government's ability to serve 
the American people. You want shorter wait times for Social 
Security, faster disaster responses, safer food and medicine. 
Then why attack the very workers who make it happen? The House 
Democrats are fighting to protect and modernize the Federal 
workforce, hire and retain talent, and give Federal workers the 
resources they need to serve the American people. That is what 
we are doing, and with that, Mr. Chairman, I thank you, and I 
yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Mr. Palmer from 
Alabama.
    Mr. Palmer. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I thank the witnesses 
for being here, and I want to get to a more constructive 
dialog. First of all, in regard to DOGE, as I have pointed out 
to some of my colleagues, this is not the first time that the 
Federal Government has engaged in an effort like this. One time 
in particular was during the Clinton Administration. It was 
called the National Partnership for Reinventing Government, and 
it was led by Al Gore. I ran a think tank at the time. I was 
invited to come to Washington to meet with some of the folks 
working on this, but after 7 years of this effort, they reduced 
the civilian employee population by over 426,000. They closed 
250 Federal offices. They reduced the Federal registry by 
700,000 pages and about 16,000 pages of regulations. And I 
understand, Governor Reynolds, that Iowa has launched a 
reorganization effort. Is the objective there to make 
government more efficient, more effective, and more responsive 
to the people of Iowa?
    Governor Reynolds. More efficient, more effective, more 
responsive, more accountable. It has brought transparency to 
the process. We are better at what we are doing. I would say 
that, you know, the employees appreciate the environment that 
we are working in today. They appreciate the culture of 
innovation that we are creating in the state, and they love 
being a part of it.
    Mr. Palmer. Now, did you bring in any outside experts, as 
the Clinton Administration did, in that effort for reinventing 
government back in the 1990's?
    Governor Reynolds. I brought in one consultant to help 
really do the comparisons in other states so we could see where 
we were an outliner, where did we align, what had we maybe 
missed. So, we used the consultant from that perspective and 
just to help us with some of the administration, but otherwise, 
we did it all internally.
    Mr. Palmer. I worked for a couple of international 
engineering companies, and one of the companies I worked for 
went through a process like this and they brought in outside 
consultants because people on the outside can see things those 
of us on the inside miss.
    Governor Reynolds. Yes.
    Mr. Palmer. So, it is important that you bring in really 
the best that you can. In that regard, I really think that we 
are in another reinventing government phase and, in particular, 
with education. There is a big debate right now going on about 
the number of H-1B visas that we need to have because we are 
having to import so many technically trained workers. I do not 
know if Iowa is experiencing some of this, but you probably 
have some folks who are educated overseas that are now working 
in engineering technically trained jobs. Would that be correct?
    Governor Reynolds. Yes.
    Mr. Palmer. I think the fact that we are having, Mr. 
Chairman, to bring so many people in who are engineers and 
scientists is an indictment of the current education system. We 
are not able to produce the number of technically trained 
people that we need to be competitive in our economy, but also 
in regard to our national security because we are in an arms 
race for artificial intelligence with China, and we are going 
to have to have a technically trained workforce. So, one of the 
things that I have suggested in this effort in regard to the 
Department of Education is that we not completely dismantle it, 
Governor Reynolds, but maybe reimagine it as the Department of 
Workforce Development and block grant the money to the states 
with a heavy emphasis on STEM. Would you like to respond to 
that?
    Governor Reynolds. I would be very much in favor of that. 
In fact, we have put a proposal together that we will be 
submitting to the Department of Education. It gives states the 
flexibility. We already have a waiver process in place that we 
could utilize until they could actually get some of that 
realignment done, but like I said, hold us accountable. We will 
meet those expectations, and we can do it at a lower cost.
    Mr. Palmer. We are going through, I think, an historic 
phase. There is an historic opportunity here, and I think about 
disruptive innovation, and I was talking to some folks today 
about this. And some of you may not be old enough to remember 
this when Toyota introduced the Corolla into the automobile 
market in the United States in the 1970's. It forced U.S. 
automobile manufacturers not only to rethink what they were 
producing, but they literally retooled to do that.
    Governor Reynolds. Right.
    Mr. Palmer. I think we are in that phase now where we are 
rethinking how government is run, and a lot of the innovation 
is coming from the state level, such as from Iowa, but I think 
that we are going to have to go through this phase. And it is 
disruptive, there is no question about it, but it is for our 
own good, long term. And we need to be thinking 25, 30, 40 
years down the road about how we do this because we are at a 
point in competition with China that if we do not do this 
right, we are going to be in a really bad place.
    So, Mr. Schatz, you have been very involved in evaluating 
the complexity and size of government. How would you respond to 
that, that we are in this disruptive innovation phase?
    Mr. Schatz. Well, I think it is essential. What has been 
going on has not been working. That is why we have a $36 
trillion debt, have not balanced the budget more than 5 times 
in 50 years. So, the changes that need to be made need to be 
made quickly, before it gets worse, so.
    Mr. Palmer. And thoughtfully.
    Mr. Schatz. Yes, and thoughtfully. By the way, all the 
discussion about individual agencies, what about the impact on 
taxpayers of this massive debt and the future of this country 
when the deficit goes up $2 trillion a year every year for the 
next 10 years, and the interest on the debt doubles and it is 
already bigger than the defense budget and everything else 
except Social Security? No organization can survive like that, 
so each discussion really should be discussed with that overall 
view.
    Mr. Palmer. Well, I thank the witnesses for the questions. 
Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair now 
recognizes Ms. Stansbury from New Mexico.
    Ms. Stansbury. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member, 
Governor, welcome. To our witnesses, thank you for being here 
today. I have really appreciated your commentary. It has been 
real, it has been substantive, and I support much of the 
efficiency work that is being done at the states.
    But I have to say, once again, welcome to the latest 
episode of the GOP Oversight Committee where my colleagues at 
the beginning of this hearing once again voted to block a good 
government motion to carry out our most basic constitutional 
duty. They voted against a motion this morning, just a few 
moments ago, to bring Elon Musk in front of this Committee to 
discuss what he is doing to supposedly rightsize the government 
as they are claiming in this hearing. And I have to say to my 
colleagues, with all due respect, why are you shielding Elon 
Musk from coming in front of this Committee if that is what 
your intent is with this hearing and the work that you want to 
do? Why is the GOP and the White House shielding an unelected, 
unvetted, unqualified private citizen and billionaire who is 
literally dismantling our agencies while we sit here and is 
literally breaking the law?
    Maybe it is because while we are sitting here, he and his 
team are working across town here in Washington, DC, entering 
Federal agencies and Federal buildings, hacking their data 
systems, firing Federal employees, intimidating them, trying to 
force them to leave, shutting down vital programs, closing the 
Department of Education, the CIA, the DOJ, and threatening our 
domestic and international security, and downloading the 
private and sensitive data of Americans at the Department of 
Treasury. So, what the hell is going on? How can you sit here 
and defend this? They are literally breaking the law, the 
Constitution, appropriations law, Federal labor laws, and 
dozens of statutory laws that Congress has passed. And 
meanwhile, my friends across the aisle are sitting here today 
saying that we are hyperventilating, that we are just clutching 
our pearls. Are you serious? Are you that out of touch with the 
American people?
    I mean, I guess that is what happens when you elect 
billionaires and put billionaires in charge of the Federal 
Government. Just let them eat cake. Is that your message to the 
American people, because last week, while you were at Trump's 
private resort in Florida and partying it up after the 
Inauguration, telling the media that funding freezes would not 
hurt real Americans, well, millions of real Americans were sent 
into total chaos, and our states had to go to the courts to 
shut down your Federal funding freeze. While Trump was golfing, 
the Medicaid systems were shut down and locked out. Hospitals 
and clinics were wondering if they were going to be able to 
keep their doors open. Food assistance and homeless programs 
across New Mexico were shut out of their grant programs that 
keep families literally fed and off the streets. Head Starts, 
preschools, and children's programs were wondering if they were 
going to be able to make payroll the next day or by the end of 
the week.
    And while Elon Musk and a group of teenage software 
engineers were hacking your personal data at the Treasury 
Department, shutting down DOJ, the CIA, USAID, and ending 
diversity initiatives in the military, saying that the United 
States military could not honor Dr. Martin Luther King, our 
proud military personnel and veterans who put their lives on 
the line every day for this country were wondering if they were 
going to get their paychecks and veterans' benefits.
    So, colleagues, we are not clutching our pearls or 
hyperventilating. We are defending the millions of Americans 
who are under attack, the Federal employees, the mothers, the 
fathers, the grandfathers being put out on leave, advocating 
for the people of color, the women, the members of our LGBTQ+, 
and, yes, our trans community, who are under fire right now 
under the guise of canceling DEI programs, under the guise of 
so-called undoing social engineering after years of progress in 
this country. We are defending the proud Federal servicemembers 
who defend our national security, who serve our communities, 
and keep our economy running, because I want to tell you 
something. The American people are terrified, and if you are 
that out of touch with your people, then you should talk to 
your constituents. We had a town hall 2 days ago, and 12,000 
New Mexicans got on our call because the people are terrified 
in this country, and that is why we are fighting back. That is 
why we are trying to bring Elon Musk to this Committee, and 
that is why we are fighting against this agenda. And with that, 
I yield back.
    Mr. Palmer. [Presiding.] The gentlelady yields. The Chair 
recognizes the gentleman from Texas, Mr. Cloud, for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Cloud. Thank you, Chairman, and thank you, witnesses, 
for being here, and I apologize that you have to sit here and 
listen to the same sort of ideological rants that lost our 
friends across the aisle the election in a public survey just a 
couple of months ago where the hearts and minds of the American 
people spoke very loud and clearly for what they wanted.
    One of the things that has been puzzling about this whole 
conversation is the obsession on Elon Musk. When President 
Trump campaigned, he was very clear in what he wanted to do, 
and the talking is like this DOGE idea was some secret thing 
that just popped up on the radar in the last week when the 
actuality is it is something that President Trump said he was 
going to do. He said Elon Musk would be involved with it, and 
the American people spoke loud and clearly that this is what 
they want. And so, the only thing that is really surprising 
about what we have seen over the last 2 weeks is the fact that 
we have a President doing exactly what he said he would do.
    And, you know, for us, the need to bring in and to rein in 
our Federal agencies could not be clearer than it has been. We 
have always known and have known quite for some time that the 
Federal bureaucracy has a tendency to grow. Ronald Reagan once 
said the closest thing to eternal life we have on earth is a 
Federal agency, and we have seen time and time again throughout 
our oversight capacities the attitude among much of our Federal 
agencies that they are here permanently and we as elected 
officials are here temporarily, and that they will do whatever 
they feel. And if they do not like the policies handed down by 
the elected executive, that they will ignore it, obfuscate, do 
everything they can even to shield data from us.
    And so, it has been refreshing that many of the suspicions 
we have seen have become quite transparent as we brought 
transparency tools to the table over the last several weeks. 
But, you know, there is this idea in Washington that any time 
we have an agency who is underperforming, they will come before 
us, and the thing that they will always ask for is more money, 
more power to fix the problem oftentimes that they created. 
This is a paradigm that we have to change. It has been said 
that you cannot solve problems with the same kind of thinking 
you used when you created them, and so this is really what DOGE 
is about.
    And to name a couple points, we can point to the CDC, which 
has tremendous mission creep since it was started. It was 
originally purposed to help control malaria, kind of to be a 
center for data and a hub of information to help people tackle 
those sort of things. It ended up expanding to the Communicable 
Disease Center and eventually became the Center for Disease 
Control, and now the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 
which it has not done a good job at, as we have seen over the 
last few years through COVID. And now it is trying to embrace 
such things as climate change and alleged gun violence and 
systemic racism as Centers for Disease Control. Meanwhile, 
their basic core function of being able to collect and share 
data to help the American people, they epically failed at 
during COVID when a first-year Ph.D. student from John Hopkins 
created a better tool than the CDC could provide.
    We could also look at the Department of Education, which 
has gotten a lot of discussion lately and interest in looking 
at what is going on because our schools are failing our kids. 
That is just the status quo of where we are at in America. And 
what we can see here is education funding from the Federal 
Government has gone up, student performance has been flat, and 
compared to other nations has actually gone down. Meanwhile, 
employment of the education workforce has gone up, so we end up 
having less people actually teaching in the classroom and more 
people administrating it, and so we have created an education 
bureaucracy.
    Now, Mr. Schatz, did I pronounce that right?
    [Non-verbal response.]
    Mr. Cloud. You talked about the importance of understanding 
and looking at the intended results, are they happening, and 
that is one of the things that I think we are addressing in 
DOGE. Could you speak to the importance of making sure that we 
are addressing the intended results as opposed to just sending 
money at it, the example of the difference between helping 
students, perhaps, and helping school systems?
    Mr. Schatz. Well, the test scores and the higher costs are 
exactly what I was discussing earlier. If you are spending more 
on something, you are supposed to get results that match what 
you are spending the money on, otherwise you should not be 
spending it, whether it is in the Government or in the private 
sector. And again, as Congressman Khanna pointed out, I did 
grow up without a Department of Education, as did my whole 
generation. It was a little Office of Health, Education, and 
Welfare. States spent the money. We think they could do a great 
job. They are competitive with each other, and some programs 
obviously should be retained and some should be turned back 
down to where they can do a much better job and be closer to 
the people.
    Mr. Cloud. Governor Reynolds, I am curious because you have 
done a good job of streamlining the government, and I am 
curious about your ideas on how you hold government employees 
accountable, how you hold agencies accountable. What are the 
tools necessary to do so? One of the big challenges here is 
getting the information necessary in order to do that. You can 
think about the grants that are going out. We have seen USAID. 
I mean, the stuff that they were spending money on is crazy. We 
are finding out that our Federal Government is actually a money 
laundering scheme to help support leftist ideologies across the 
world and here at home. It is crazy, but yet, finding that 
accountability piece, we are able to hold the individuals who 
are sending these checks out, for example. How do you bring 
that kind of accountability?
    Governor Reynolds. Well, we have our state expenditures 
online, too, so our checkbook is online so taxpayers in Iowa 
can check and see what is going out from the state. But in 
addition to that, you remember I talked about, we reviewed 800 
programs across my cabinet, and not a one of them had a KPI, 
any type of a metric, any type of expectation for outcomes, 
zero.
    So, my cabinet knows now that if they want to stand up a 
new program or they want to extend an existing program, then it 
needs to have, first of all, a KPI. They need to have data that 
they are going to be reviewing. They need to review what the 
program had done, what were the metrics, what were the outcomes 
from the existing program to justify putting additional money 
into it. They had never put all the programs together, they 
themselves had not even taken a look at it, so that is how it 
just continues to grow and bloat and just be unmanageable. So, 
I had them rank the programs that they have. Now, to their 
defense, sometimes the legislature hangs a program on them. But 
we are working with the legislature, too, to just say, you 
know, this is not something that we believe can really move the 
needle and go in the direction that we believe the state can 
head, but it is a conversation with our legislators.
    So, it is holding them accountable, making them report back 
to the chief executive on what they currently are doing and 
what they are doing going forward, but just simply putting key 
performance indicators as part of a program and then monitoring 
the outcome and basing decisions on data, which is never 
happening. And it takes the emotion out of the equation, and 
that is what we need to do. We need to look at programs, we 
need to look at the outcomes, and if they are not working, then 
we have to let them go and figure out an innovative and better 
way that we can get the results that we believe that we can 
accomplish.
    Chairman Comer. [Presiding.] Very good. The gentleman's 
time has expired. The Chair recognizes Mr. Garcia from 
California.
    Mr. Garcia. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I wanted to start 
by thanking our witnesses for being here. Thank you for hosting 
this hearing as well, and I wanted to start by just starting 
with Dr. Resh. It is a very simple question.
    [Poster]
    Mr. Garcia. You can see here an article from the Washington 
Post. Can you just quickly, if we can take one step back, just 
mention how much did Elon Musk donate to Republicans in the 
2024 election?
    Dr. Resh. To Republicans in?
    Mr. Garcia. To Republicans in the last election.
    Dr. Resh. To Republicans overall, I do not know, well over 
$250 million to the Trump Campaign.
    Mr. Garcia. Right, almost $300 million, and, in fact, Mr. 
Musk was the single largest donor in the last cycle. I am not 
sure if you knew that or not, in this last election, and here 
is actually the article and the headline from the Washington 
Post: ``Elon Musk Puts $277 Million Into the Election. He is 
$200 Billion Richer This Year''--$200 billion richer this year. 
Now, we also know that just in the month, in the month after 
the election, Elon Musk's wealth increased by $170 billion. It 
should also not be a surprise to anyone that Elon Musk himself 
holds $20 billion in contracts with the Federal Government.
    Now, the truth is, is that DOGE is not really about 
efficiency or reform. What Donald Trump and Elon Musk are 
actually engineering is the single largest wealth transfer in 
history. And to pay for the enormous tax cut that is about to 
come to this Congress in the months ahead, they need to slash 
spending by trillions of dollars. In fact, Elon Musk himself 
has said that he wants to slash $2 trillion, $1 trillion from 
the actual budget. Now, in Trump's first term, we know that he 
already had a huge tax cut for the richest Americans and 
corporations. Now he wants to slash it by one-third more, but 
here is the truth. In order to actually get more funds for 
their tax cut program, they need to slash trillions, and where 
are they going to do that? Well, they have started: the 
Department of Education, the Department of Labor, veterans' 
benefits, USAID, and eventually Social Security, Medicare, and 
Medicaid.
    Right now, as we know, Elon Musk, the richest man on the 
planet, is trying to destroy USAID with his DOGE team. Now, 
this is the agency, we know, that distributes foreign aid, but 
that is just step one of their plan. Now, of course, we know 
they are going after the Department of Education. And here is 
an article from the Washington Post as well: ``Trump Preps 
Order to Dismantle the Department of Education as DOGE Probes 
data.'' Now, let me just begin by saying that their mission is 
to destroy Federal agencies like the Department of Ed to then 
save money and then transfer that wealth to Elon Musk, his 
companies, and their billionaire friends through a massive tax 
cut. Eliminating the Department of Ed would be catastrophic for 
children all over this country. I am a longtime educator. I 
spent 10 years in the classroom teaching and as an 
administrator.
    The funding provided by the Department of Ed is critical to 
children with disabilities, student loans for colleges, and 
ensuring that students are protected across this country. The 
Department of Ed has $160 billion to help kids pay for college, 
$18 billion for low-income kids at K-12 schools, $15 billion 
for kids with disabilities. And in most cases, most schools are 
reliant on the Department of Ed to ensure that students with 
disabilities or that have additional needs get the education 
that they deserve. And now all of that is on the line because 
billionaires and corporations in this country need and want a 
larger tax cut. So, let us be crystal clear about what Elon 
Musk is actually doing right now. It is a wealth transfer to 
himself and his billionaire friends.
    I also just want to note that just recently and yesterday, 
in fact, the New York Times reported that now they are 
accessing the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. This 
can be catastrophic to people across this country. And so, this 
Committee, rightly so, has asked and demanded that Elon Musk 
testify under oath in front of this Committee. We know that the 
law is on this side. We know that what he is doing is 
unconstitutional, and we demand that he come here and provide 
answers not just to us, but to the American public. And with 
that, I yield back. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Mr. Crane from Arizona.
    Mr. Crane. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Chairman, would it 
be possible to get some therapy dogs in here for my colleagues 
on the other side of the aisle?
    Chairman Comer. We could ask Mr. Raskin's shrink to----
    Mr. Crane. I am worried about their mental stability. You 
know, I think it is funny, Mr. Chairman, when I hear my 
colleagues on the other side of the aisle whining and 
complaining Elon Musk.
    Mr. Garcia. I mean, those are insults, to be clear.
    Mr. Crane. Excuse me. It is my time. Thanks. Elon Musk and, 
you know, how much money he donated to President Trump. Yet I 
do not recall the same outrage when, you know, billionaires on 
their side of the aisle, like Mark Zuckerberg, George Soros, 
you know, or any of the other ones, they were donating massive 
sums of money to their side of the aisle.
    Mr. Resh, I want to start with you, real quick. I read 
something you stated in your testimony. You said, ``Rather than 
a bloated bureaucracy, we face a workforce stretched too thin, 
forced to oversee an increasingly complex web of outsourced 
operation with limited personnel and resources.'' Is that 
correct? Did you say that in your testimony, sir?
    Dr. Resh. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Crane. I would like to read you a list of priorities 
over at USAID right now. One of the agencies that Elon Musk, 
who has triggered my colleagues on the left so much, the Agency 
for International Development, which had a budget of over $40 
billion in Fiscal Year 2023. This is not an exhaustive list, it 
is a very small list--but $1.5 million to advance diversity, 
equity, and inclusion in Serbia's workplaces and business 
communities; $2.5 million for electric vehicles in Vietnam; $2 
million for sex changes and LGBT activism in Guatemala; $6 
million to fund tourism in Egypt; hundreds of thousands of 
dollars for a nonprofit linked to designated terror 
organizations even after an inspector general launched an 
investigation. Do you still stand by your comments, sir?
    Dr. Resh. Yes, my comments were in regards to the ability 
of administrators to adequately oversee the funds that Congress 
has appropriated to them for these programs.
    Mr. Crane. Yes. So, you do not think this is a bloated 
workforce when we are spending money overseas like that? Sir, 
are you aware that we are over $36 trillion in debt, Mr. Resh?
    Dr. Resh. Yes, I certainly am.
    Mr. Crane. OK. So, you still stand by your comments that 
this is not a bloated Federal workforce?
    Dr. Resh. The Federal workforce represents 4 percent of the 
entire budget for every----
    Mr. Crane. Sir, do you know what the annual deficit is 
every year?
    Dr. Resh. Please?
    Mr. Crane. It is over $2 trillion.
    Dr. Resh. I understand that.
    Mr. Crane. OK. So, you still stand by your comments that it 
is not a bloated workforce?
    Dr. Resh. Two trillion dollars is not reflective of the 
workforce that is the Federal employee.
    Mr. Crane. Oh, it is not? We are not spending money on the 
workforce? OK, copy.
    Dr. Resh. Of your entire budget, 4 percent. If you cut the 
entire workforce, 4 percent would be reflected.
    Mr. Crane. Do you know why often we use private companies 
and contractors in the Federal Government, sir? Because you can 
actually fire them. It is a lot easier to fire them if they are 
not performing. Sir, have you ever ran a large organization or 
a small business?
    Dr. Resh. No, I have not.
    Mr. Crane. I just find it interesting that we bring in a 
Governor of one of the united states who has actually run a 
state to talk about all the cuts, the elimination of fraud, 
waste, and abuse, and how she has got her state high performing 
and made a bunch of changes so that they actually have a 
surplus. And my Democrat colleagues bring in a professor who 
has never run a large organization, never run a small business, 
and, therefore, has really no idea what it is like to deal with 
the consequences of out-of-control spending and inefficiencies.
    Does that strike anybody else in the room as odd? What 
about you, Mr. Schatz? Who are you going to take advice from on 
efficiency, somebody who has actually run a large organization 
or business or maybe a state? And I am not trying to throw 
shade at Dr. Resh and his profession. There have been a lot of 
professors in my life that have brought me a lot of value. But 
when we are talking about trying to add efficiencies to the 
largest government in the history of the world that is 
operating at $36 trillion national debt, $2 trillion annual 
deficit, Mr. Schatz, who are you going to take counsel and 
advice from?
    Mr. Schatz. Well, I think anyone who has an idea about how 
to cut spending should be welcome, and that could include 
academics. It can include nonprofit groups, Governors. So, the 
point is to get the job done, not to keep talking about it.
    Mr. Crane. That is right, and the last thing I will say is, 
because my Democrat colleagues are losing their mind with Elon 
Musk, do not forget that Elon Musk campaigned with the 
President. The American people were very excited about Elon 
Musk using all of the tools and experience that he has and that 
he has used in the private sector to come in and streamline 
this Federal Government. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. Thank you. The Chair recognizes Mr. Frost 
from Florida.
    Mr. Frost. Thank you. Governor Reynolds, thank you so much 
for being here today. I have been to Iowa. I have spent a lot 
of time in Iowa. It is a beautiful state, so thank you for 
being here.
    Medicaid covers almost 700,000 Iowans, over a third of 
Iowa's children. In 2013, I believe, Iowa expanded Medicaid. I 
have a few questions for you. If Medicaid funding were to 
disappear, what would that mean for the people of Iowa?
    Governor Reynolds. I do not think it will disappear. Simply 
looking at a system and seeing if we can enhance it and make it 
better does not----
    Mr. Frost. That is not my question, though, Governor. My 
question is, if it were to disappear, what would that mean for 
your----
    Governor Reynolds. Well, I do not think that is the intent 
of anybody, but we need to do it better, and we need to help it 
to be successful.
    Mr. Frost. If it were to disappear, Governor, what would 
that mean for the people?
    Governor Reynolds. Well, I cannot speculate on that because 
I do not believe that that would happen.
    Mr. Frost. So, you as the Governor of your state cannot say 
what it would mean to lose Medicaid for your people?
    Governor Reynolds. I----
    Mr. Frost. OK. We will move on. How would people across 
Iowa react to rural and community health centers having to 
suddenly close?
    Governor Reynolds. Well, as I talked about in my opening 
remarks, we are actually working on maternal health and working 
on healthcare in rural Iowa, and that means, again, looking at 
regions. I took, you know, 32 fragmented substance abuse and 
mental health regions and unified them into seven behavioral 
health regions, and we are putting----
    Mr. Frost. That is great to hear, Governor, yes.
    Governor Reynolds. [continuing]. In place a hub-and-spoke 
model which they will be a part of. But again, it is 
duplication that you want to lose.
    Mr. Frost. That is great to hear, Governor. I am sure you 
are doing great work. I want to focus on the questions that I 
have. I have limited time. I am sorry, Governor.
    Governor Reynolds. OK.
    Mr. Frost. I am sure you are doing great work on this. My 
question is about rural and community health centers.
    Governor Reynolds. Yes.
    Mr. Frost. Community health centers receive a huge amount 
of Federal funding, including programs that help Iowans afford 
medication, prescription drugs. What would that mean for the 
people?
    Governor Reynolds. And they are a part of our solution, and 
we are taking that into account, but we do not want duplication 
of services so that we can get those dollars on the ground.
    Mr. Frost. That is good to hear. Community health centers 
are part of the solution. That is good to hear. I am going to 
move on, Governor, I am going to move on. That is good to hear.
    Governor Reynolds. Yes.
    Mr. Frost. Some Republicans on this Committee are calling 
Trump's careless assault on essential Federal services, 
including his freezing of Medicaid payment system, rightsizing. 
What is the right size for healthcare?
    Governor Reynolds. Well, that is going to vary from state 
to state, so, you know, I mean, my----
    Mr. Frost. Would you be OK with Elon Musk or Trump 
rightsizing Medicaid in Iowa?
    Governor Reynolds. I do not think we should be afraid of 
having the private sector step in and take a look at how we are 
providing these services. We can learn from them.
    Mr. Frost. Not just taking a look, Governor.
    Governor Reynolds. It is bold.
    Mr. Frost. Decisions are being made.
    Governor Reynolds. Well, they are looking at the system and 
making recommendations, and we should not be----
    Mr. Frost. So, freezing the Medicaid payment system?
    Governor Reynolds. We should not be afraid of that, so I 
think that----
    Mr. Frost. No, Governor, no one is afraid. Governor, sorry, 
I am going to reclaim my time.
    Governor Reynolds. OK. Thank you.
    Mr. Frost. No one is afraid of, you know, taking a look at 
what is going on, but what we are afraid of is our services, 
the things that people depend on, being ripped away from us. I 
am worried about Iowans losing the Medicaid that they voted to 
expand. Seven hundred thousand Iowans are on Medicaid.
    Governor Reynolds. But that is why we made the changes that 
we made. That is why we realigned. We eliminated the 
duplication, and by doing that, it put more money into the 
program to actually meet the needs of our constituents.
    Mr. Frost. Well, let us talk about what you did because we 
were just talking about what you did. You came to office. You 
made some changes to help with efficiency. I respect that, but 
there is something that was brought up, even by the Chair, that 
I want to bring up that shows the difference between what you 
did and what is happening right now at the Federal Government. 
You worked with the legislature and passed legislation in your 
state legislature to make the broadest changes you wanted to 
make. And that is not what is going on right now when we talk 
about DOGE and everything else. You even mentioned at the 
beginning of this hearing, you were so proud to say that you 
did this all without massive layoffs, without forcing a large 
percentage of your workforce to leave because you saw them as 
valuable. I respect that, Governor. I respect you for that. 
That is not what is going on here at the Federal level, but let 
us move on to FEMA really quickly.
    Trump has said that he wants FEMA to go away. He would like 
to see the states take care of the disasters on their own. I 
come from Florida. We work very closely with FEMA. Do you think 
most Iowans would agree with President Trump that FEMA should 
suddenly stop existing?
    Governor Reynolds. I do not think he is eliminating, and I 
think that what I had understood was he was thinking that maybe 
it should go back to the states, which that is something I 
think you should take a look at.
    Mr. Frost. No, Governor. Sorry, Governor, I will reclaim. 
The President was very clear on this. He believes that the 
agency, FEMA, should be completely eliminated. Do you agree 
with that, or do you not agree with that? I mean, it is OK to 
disagree sometimes, you know.
    Governor Reynolds. Well, I am not afraid to disagree. I am 
just thinking, you know, there is----
    Mr. Frost. So, do you disagree with FEMA, with the 
assessment of FEMA?
    Governor Reynolds. It is bureaucratic. It is a nightmare to 
work with. They can only do one thing at a time. I have 
impacted individuals, there are huge issues, and we can have a 
whole another hearing on that.
    Mr. Frost. There are issues with FEMA, maybe, but do you 
agree with him that we should eliminate it? Governor, sorry, I 
am going to reclaim my time. Do you agree with him that we 
should eliminate FEMA? Yes or no.
    Governor Reynolds. I think we need to take a look. We can 
maybe take a look at it and how those services are delivered.
    Mr. Frost. Take a look at it, but you do not think we 
should eliminate it.
    Governor Reynolds. I think we should take a look at it and 
see how those services are delivered.
    Mr. Frost. OK. But it sounds like you do not think--we 
should not get rid of it, which I agree with. In the past 10 
years, your state has been granted FEMA support 10 times. 
President Trump in 2018 denied you a claim after flooding and 
horrible weather patterns that happened in Iowa. You said you 
were extremely disappointed and that the people of Iowa needed 
FEMA's help. That was your quote and, so, thank you. I am glad 
you are here to talk about the things you did in Iowa. I hope 
President Trump can look at the way you did things and working 
with your legislature the way it is supposed to work to make 
the changes instead of letting a wealthy billionaire donor go 
in and make the changes himself. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Chairwoman Greene from 
the state of Georgia.
    Ms. Greene. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. My Democrat colleagues 
are reacting with manufactured outrage over Elon Musk and the 
DOGE team going in and cleaning up the Federal Government. They 
are saying the American people did not vote for this, but I 
would like to correct that record. On July 13, when President 
Trump was shot in Butler, Pennsylvania, Elon Musk got behind 
President Trump and he endorsed him. And then, on August 19 of 
2024--this is before the election--Elon Musk posted on his own 
account, ``I am willing to serve,'' and that right there says 
``DOGE.'' This was not something that was created after the 
election. It is no surprise to the American people.
    As a matter of fact, the Department of Government 
Efficiency was a key part of President Trump's campaign, and 
President Trump campaigned over and over again on DOGE and Elon 
Musk helping him. As a matter of fact, here, right here, on 
Rolling Stone, which is very far left, by the way, Trump says 
he would give Elon Musk a top role in his Administration. 
Again, this was on August 20, 2024, well before the election. 
This was no surprise to the American people.
    The American people love DOGE so much. They love the 
concept of saving the Federal Government, saving Americans, and 
putting America First, cutting the waste and the spending, 
cutting down the size of the Federal Government. They love it 
so much they voted for President Trump and elected him with an 
overwhelming victory. He won the popular vote, 312 Electoral 
College votes. It is the Democrats that are the ones that are 
still lost on their message, and their message is a failure, 
and the American people spoke out about it.
    As the national debt approaches $36.5 trillion, our 
children and our grandchildren's futures are being sacrificed 
at the altar of wasteful government spending and corruption. 
With my new Subcommittee on DOGE, this Congress, we are going 
to dig deep on the wasteful spending and corrupt bureaucracies 
that have plagued our Nation for far too long. We will make 
recommendations to address these problems, and we will make 
sure the American people know exactly what is being done with 
their hard-earned tax dollars. After all, this is what they 
voted for.
    Governor Reynolds, in Iowa, the state legislature passed a 
bill in 2023 that lowered the number of cabinet-level 
departments from 37 down to just 16. So, I would like to ask 
you, did this make the Iowa Government more efficient, or less 
efficient?
    Governor Reynolds. More efficient.
    Ms. Greene. I am not surprised. Is the Iowa government 
still able to provide all the services your constituents 
require of you?
    Governor Reynolds. We are actually doing a better job of it 
and putting more money into the programs or returning it back 
to the taxpayers.
    Ms. Greene. Amazing. It sounds like DOGE has already worked 
in Iowa. Has your state lost money or saved money since 
reorganizing its government?
    Governor Reynolds. Two-hundred-and-seventeen million 
dollars, surpassing our 4-year projection in the first 18 
months, and that is conservative. We are going to continue to 
see savings, and that is how I am going to continue to reduce 
the tax burden on our taxpayers.
    Ms. Greene. That is incredible. That is what all of America 
wants. So, how do you think the Federal Government can 
translate what Iowa has done to the national level you have 
already achieved in your state? How can we replicate that?
    Governor Reynolds. You are doing it. By bringing the 
private sector in, having them take a look at the 
inefficiencies in government, look at the systems, look at the 
duplication, look at the unaccountability. There is no 
transparency, there are no metrics, there is no data that they 
can point to. We are standing up Iowa DOGE. We want to be a 
partner in that because I think it is really important that the 
Federal Government and the state government and the local 
governments work together to really implement transformational 
change. This is an incredible opportunity.
    I have so much respect for President Trump to put this 
initiative forward. He received an undeniable mandate in this 
last election, as did we. We now have super majorities in both 
the House and the Senate, the Governor's office, and an entire 
Republican delegation that we have sent out to Washington D.C. 
We did just what President Trump does. We told Iowans what we 
were going to do, and we followed through with it, and that is 
what Americans expect, and that is why 77 million people said 
that President Trump is who we want to restore America's 
greatness.
    Ms. Greene. I absolutely agree with you, Governor Reynolds, 
thank you. Mr. Schatz, in all your years at your organization, 
can you give some of the most egregious examples of government 
spending you have seen? And I know that it is hard to come up 
with a few because there are a lot.
    Mr. Schatz. I talked earlier about broadband programs. It 
is not necessarily a wasteful expenditure, meaning something is 
not trying to be. There are 133 broadband programs in 15 
agencies. There are people that are still not connected, I am 
sure also in Iowa; $42 billion for the BEAD program, not a 
penny has been spent. We want people to be connected to the 
internet. It is critical for our future, but unless those 
programs are consolidated and someone figures out which ones 
are working best, we are not going to achieve that objective. 
It seems simple, but again, the problem here has been, as it 
usually is, something is not working, spend more money, create 
another program, do not take the time to look at how it is 
working. And that is what DOGE and your subcommittee is going 
to do, and we are happy to help any way we can, by the way.
    Ms. Greene. Thank you, Mr. Schatz. And you are right, under 
the Biden Administration, they actually canceled contracts with 
Starlink, which are far less expensive, and then never built 
out the infrastructure for broadband, true failure for the 
American people, giant waste of money. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 
I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentlelady yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Ms. Lee from Pennsylvania.
    Ms. Lee. Thank you, Mr. Chair. I am afraid that we are 
witnessing the biggest con in real time. Our Federal Government 
is being fleeced by a handful of billionaires at the expense of 
everyday people. They are what we call unelected billionaire 
oligarchs, and they are not trying to rightsize the government. 
They are not trying to make things more efficient or improve 
services. They want to eliminate their competition and grow 
their private coffers. The collective net worth of the 
President's Cabinet is over $460 billion. That is unprecedented 
in our country's history, even counting the days of the robber 
barons or when the only folks who could serve in government 
were land-owning wealthy White men. This is not just government 
by the top 1 percent. It is government by the top .0001 
percent.
    And these are not just disinterested outsiders who are 
benevolent volunteers coming in to help us situate our 
government, right? These are people who have conflict of 
interests. They have financial stakes. They are even tied to 
litigation against the very agencies that they have been tasked 
to lead. Musk alone has nearly 100 government contracts across 
17 Federal agencies that total $3 billion. By all accounts, 
Musk is now running rampant through our Federal agencies, 
accountable to no one, and doing what he pleases with Federal 
systems and data with no transparency and no oversight. It is 
still unclear if he has security clearance or if he has passed 
a background check. He certainly has not filed any financial 
disclosures.
    This is absolutely outrageous, and Americans are rightfully 
mad. This is the Committee on Oversight, one of the most 
important committees, particularly in this era. Yet, 
Republicans did not bring Elon Musk, the private citizen given 
access to all other private citizens' data, and the one leading 
all of this chaos, and just this morning, they blocked our 
efforts to bring him in. Musk has a bunch of 20-something-year-
old child cronies accessing highly sensitive information and 
technology at the Office of Personnel Management, the General 
Services Administration, and the Department of Treasury. They 
also have not been invited to testify before us today. So, I 
think we need to ask ourselves, why does an unelected 
billionaire need access to Americans' Social Security numbers 
and the $6 trillion payment system, and if this operation is so 
legit, why is there no transparency? Why are we pretending this 
is about rightsizing? The only logical answer is greed and 
corruption.
    Dr. Resh, do you agree that there is a corruption risk with 
this level of unaccountable access, and that Musk could use 
this data to gain an advantage over his competitors?
    Dr. Resh. Whenever there is no security clearance, there is 
a corruption risk. Whenever there is entanglements in terms of 
being a contractor or a contracted entity and a regulated 
entity but with access to data or unfettered access to 
protected government data, there is a risk of corruption.
    Ms. Lee. Thank you so much. Beyond Musk and the rest of the 
Cabinet appointees, just look at the powerful tech CEOs who had 
front row seats to Trump's inauguration and also have financial 
stakes with the very agencies that Trump is now looking to 
fundamentally overhaul. Nearly every executive action taken so 
far has been designed to make corruption easier. In the first 
week alone, Trump fired 17 Inspectors General across 18 
agencies. These are nonpartisan watchdogs, and this includes 
the one from the Treasury Department, who could have served as 
guardrail against Musk's efforts. The hiring freeze, stopping 
Federal spending and trying to strong-arm Federal workers to 
leave their jobs are all actions designed to make our 
government fail and move things over to the private sector, 
further fattening the bank accounts of these billionaires, 
these unelected billionaires.
    They will consistently tell you that private is better, but 
meanwhile, the poverty gap keeps growing, and they keep laying 
off people. While Americans' wages remain low, their 
multimillion-dollar bonuses keep getting bigger. Republicans 
are pushing these cost cuts so they can pay for their tax cuts. 
Working-class Americans will not be benefiting from those tax 
cuts, but Musk, these tech billionaires, and Trump's wealthy 
cabinet officials, they certainly will. Meanwhile, working-
class Americans will be paying the price in jobs and lack of 
regulations and in the loss of government services like 
Medicare and Social Security, instead of the Federal Government 
designed to serve all the people. Trump is doing everything he 
can to turn the government into a tool to serve just one group: 
the rich oligarchs he calls his friends. Thank you for your 
time. I thank you. Thanks to the panel, and I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentlelady yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Mr. Timmons from South Carolina.
    Mr. Timmons. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I want to thank 
the witnesses for being here today. I do my best to work across 
the aisle whenever possible, and I think that that is how this 
place is supposed to work. I try to earn the respect and the 
trust of all of my colleagues. I am sickened by the way that 
the left is categorizing and lying about what Elon Musk is 
doing in the Federal Government. I am going to say what is 
true, and then I am going to debunk their ridiculous lies.
    No. 1, President Trump hired Elon Musk. He is a Federal 
employee. He does not make enough to trigger financial 
disclosures. Those are the rules. If you do not like them, file 
a bill to change them. He has hired people to seek out waste, 
fraud, and abuse throughout all government agencies. He leads a 
team within the Administration that has smaller teams across 
all of government. Their job is to bring sanity to this 
process. They do not have to be Senate confirmed because they 
do not make enough money and they are not in positions of 
control. They are in advisory positions. Their objective is to 
give a menu of options to the President, to the Secretary of 
Treasury, to Secretary of Defense, to all the different agency 
heads, who are Senate confirmed, of ways to conserve taxpayer 
dollars. That is what this election was about.
    We got $36 trillion in debt. We run a $2 trillion annual 
deficit. This is unsustainable, and the American people have 
spoken. So, what are he and his teams doing? They are creating 
systems to track sources and uses. We have not done that. When 
a government agency goes to the Treasury and says, we want this 
money, there is no system through which they actually can say, 
all right, Congress, appropriate it, authorize it, and what do 
you use it for, and then track all that. So, what are they 
doing? They are creating systems to make sure that the money is 
going where it is supposed to go, and guess what? The Democrats 
are losing their mind. He is also creating systems to ensure 
accountability. All of this is going to be public. All of this 
is going to be public, and he has proven that he can turn 
around businesses that are failing, and he has offered his time 
to try to save this country.
    So, I guess, first, just ridiculous lies that are being 
told. Elon Musk does not have access to Americans' personally 
identifiable information at Treasury. He just does not. You 
have career bureaucrats that are mad that they are losing their 
jobs because they are no longer useful in the future of this 
government because they have gotten us in a situation. I had 
dinner with Treasury Secretary Bessent, and he assured us that 
all that the DOGE employees at Treasury were doing was checking 
sources and uses to make sure that money authorized and 
appropriated by Congress is being spent on what it is supposed 
to be spent on. The fact that we have not done that yet and it 
is 2025 is insane. So, while people call my office and say, 
Elon Musk has my records, that is a lie. It is a lie from the 
flailing bureaucracy that is no longer useful because 
technology can solve all these problems.
    Ms. Stansbury. Will the gentleman yield for a clarifying 
question?
    Mr. Timmons. Sure, go ahead.
    Ms. Stansbury. Can you help us understand, based on what 
you are explaining here then, why nearly 2 million Federal 
workers received an email from OPM with Elon Musk's letterhead, 
``a fork in a road,'' you know?
    Mr. Timmons. OK. I am sorry, I am sorry, I am sorry. I am 
debunking the fact that people are calling my office saying 
that he has access to----
    Ms. Stansbury. But you just said that----
    Mr. Timmons. Hold on, that he has access to their tax 
records, which he does not. The Treasury Secretary said that 
you do not know better than the Treasury Secretary, and angry 
bureaucrats do not know better than the Treasury Secretary. 
That is our system of government. We won the election.
    Ms. Stansbury. Elon Musk is being----
    Mr. Timmons. The politically appointed and Senate confirmed 
Treasury Secretary says you are wrong, so until you get actual 
data----
    Ms. Stansbury. Elon Musk is bragging about it on his 
Twitter, you all. Go on his Twitter. Literally, go on Elon 
Musk's Twitter, you guys.
    Mr. Timmons. All right. So, I have an article here in 
Politico. I am reclaiming my time. Thank you. This is an 
article in Politico that was written after the dinner that we 
had Monday night with the Treasury Secretary, where he 
confirmed to the House Financial Services Committee that Elon 
Musk does not have access to American taxpayers' personal data. 
So, I am going to say it one more time, everybody that is 
calling my office, everybody that is flipping out, the media 
that is lying about this. The DOGE employees do not have access 
to American citizens' personally identifiable information. 
Their only goal is to track sources and uses and make sure that 
the money that we are spending is going where it says it is 
supposed to go.
    This is shocking it has not been done yet, but they are 
doing it now, and this is just the beginning. Again, I would 
say buckle up, because this is going to keep going, and we are 
going to save this country, and we are going to get out of this 
ridiculous financial situation we are in. With that, Mr. 
Chairman, I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Ms. Crockett.
    Ms. Crockett. Thank you so much, Mr. Chair. It is the faux 
outrage for me. It is as faux as faux news that I am hearing 
because somehow you guys, and when I say, ``you guys,'' I am 
referring to my Republican colleagues, pretend as if you are 
the heroes of the story, but let me remind you who set the 
house on fire. It was you all. So, let me go ahead and handle 
these receipts because I know that I always have to have proof, 
even though I guess our education system is failing us because 
it seems like facts do not seem to faze people that vote for 
you all, but I am going to do it anyway.
    So, when we talk about debt, I would ask for unanimous 
consent to enter into a record this article that says, ``Donald 
Trump Built a National Debt So Big Even Before the Pandemic, 
That It Will Weight Down the Economy for Years.''
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Crockett. Thank you so much. In fact, it talked about 
the fact that he ran up our debt almost $8 trillion, it was 
estimated to be $7.8 trillion at that time, and that it is 
actually the third-biggest increase ever under any Presidential 
administration. So, I do not understand how you all are going 
to play the heroes.
    I also want to just kind of be clear about some basic 
level-setting of civics because it seems like civics is evading 
us. And listen, Governor, I actually appreciate you. I know 
that in today's times, for whatever reason, if you got a ``D'' 
or ``R'' in front of your name, it has to be all hostile. 
Listen, I am a former business owner. If I was not sitting in 
this seat, I would still have my law firm, but, you know, we 
have rules, right? So, I am not allowed to practice law. I am 
not allowed to do a lot of other things because ethics decides 
that that is not really a good thing, to make sure that the 
American people can trust that I do not have any divided 
interest.
    In fact, we do that for people that run our Treasury, 
typically. So, I am curious to know if you have an elected 
treasurer in your state, and you do, actually.
    Governor Reynolds. We do.
    Ms. Crockett. I know you do because I looked him up, and I 
am curious to know. So, it is my guess that he is the one that 
actually controls all of the Treasury systems that you have, 
correct?
    Governor Reynolds. Some of the investments.
    Ms. Crockett. He controls some of the investments, but also 
moneys that need to be disseminated by the state, that is done 
by him, correct?
    Governor Reynolds. Department of Management in the 
Treasurer's Office.
    Ms. Crockett. OK. In the Treasurer's Office.
    Governor Reynolds. Two separate agencies.
    Ms. Crockett. OK. But you have an agency that does that, 
correct?
    Governor Reynolds. Yes.
    Ms. Crockett. OK. And as you are having this agency do 
that, these are people that have some sort of ethics that they 
have to follow, I am sure.
    Governor Reynolds. Yes.
    Ms. Crockett. I am going out on a limb because I do not 
know how anything works in Iowa. I am just being honest with 
you.
    Governor Reynolds. Yes. Yes.
    Ms. Crockett. OK. Here is the deal. I want the American 
people to understand that Democrats are not against efficiency. 
In fact, the last time that this country actually ran to the 
extent that there was a balanced budget, and actually there was 
a surplus, it was a Democrat in the White House. His name was 
President Clinton. So, we are not against this. What we are 
against is this idea that we will evade the Constitution. Or we 
will evade our own constitutional--in fact, it is not even an 
evasion. At this point, it feels as if you all have just 
decided that you all are going to castrate your constitutional 
duty and hand it over to someone who is unelected. It does not 
matter how many cheerleaders he had on the field campaigning 
for him. That does not mean that he gets to go in and sit atop 
any of our agencies, and the fact that we had a vote today and 
we asked to bring him in because we have a constitutional duty. 
We all took our oath, and maybe some of you all just do not 
take it seriously, but I take it seriously when I take an oath 
to do a job, and my job is to look out and make sure that we do 
not have any kings or queens in this country.
    But it seems like you all have decided that it is going to 
be Mr. King and his queen, and you all can pick which one is 
which. But either way, I want to also talk about, Governor, I 
am curious to know if you know these, the answers to these 
questions. Which party controls the White House?
    Governor Reynolds. Republican.
    Ms. Crockett. Which party controls the Senate?
    Governor Reynolds. Republican.
    Ms. Crockett. Which party controls the House?
    Governor Reynolds. Republican.
    Ms. Crockett. Is that about what the makeup is in Iowa?
    Governor Reynolds. Yes.
    Ms. Crockett. And that has allowed you to be able to get 
your agenda across, correct?
    Governor Reynolds. Yes.
    Ms. Crockett. And you have not had to bring in somebody to 
basically usurp any types of norms because you worked through 
the process, correct?
    Governor Reynolds. Well, I did executive orders, 280 
agreements----
    Ms. Crockett. Yes or no. Yes or no.
    Governor Reynolds. And then went to the legislature as 
well. It was all of the above. All of the above. All of the 
above.
    Ms. Crockett. I am going to reclaim my time because I only 
got so much time left. I also want to point out that you 
specifically talked about that you recently had three national 
declarations for disasters, and I want to enter into the 
record, a unanimous consent, ``Trump Moves to Abolish FEMA, 
Shift Disaster Response to States.''
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Crockett. And my final unanimous consent, I would ask, 
says that, ``Mike Johnson's Budget Plan is at Risk of 
Collapse,'' even though we know that you all control all three 
levers of government. So, if this is what you all want to do, 
then go ahead and clean it up and fix it, and just go through 
the process, and honestly, there is----
    Ms. Boebert. Order.
    Ms. Crockett [continuing]. Nothing that we will be able to 
say about it.
    Ms. Boebert. Order.
    Ms. Crockett. And with that, I will yield.
    Chairman Comer. OK. Thank you. The gentlelady's time has 
expired. The Chair recognizes Ms. Boebert from Colorado.
    Ms. Boebert. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. The outrage here has 
been absolutely unhinged. As we have seen in the media, we are 
seeing Politico, who is laying folks off, and as they are being 
defunded of American tax dollars, they can no longer sustain 
themselves. And so, the outrage is just going to continue from 
those who are no longer going to be able to support their 
businesses from American taxpayers. And we simply want 
accountability. We want oversight. This is the Oversight 
Committee and, unfortunately, Congress has done a crap job of 
oversight and accountability over quite some time, I would say 
decades, and that is why we have this new commission that is 
created, and Americans are grateful for it. President Trump 
campaigned on having this DOGE commission to have oversight and 
accountability, and it is our responsibility to codify what 
happens.
    I am pleased with the expedited efforts that have taken 
place to really get this out in the open and expose to the 
American people what their money is actually being sent to, and 
let us just be honest with the American people. Unelected 
bureaucrats have been funneling their hard-earned taxpayer 
dollars to ridiculous and even malicious causes. DOGE is doing 
the hard work to uncover the truth and make our government work 
for the people rather than funding policies that are actively 
hurting them. For example, Dr. Resh, in your testimony you 
state that the recommendations from the Department of 
Government Efficiency will exacerbate public health crises. How 
is that the case when DOGE is advocating to defund EcoHealth 
Alliance which was involved in the research in the Wuhan Lab 
that created coronavirus, that created this global pandemic 
that killed people and ended the livelihoods of many others?
    Dr. Resh. My statement was in reference to across-the-board 
firings without specific technology.
    Ms. Boebert. I think government employees have been given 
the option. They can have an----
    Dr. Resh. And those that will be given the option will be 
more competitive on a private market basis than those that 
stay, so then you will be losing your best public employees as 
opposed to----
    Ms. Boebert. Were our best public employees at the Wuhan 
lab of virology? Were those our best employees? Is that where 
our funding was going, to the best and the brightest who 
started a global pandemic?
    Dr. Resh. I am saying when you make a 20-percent across the 
cut without any discrimination as----
    Ms. Boebert. I think there has been a lot of 
inefficiencies, and I am excited to see where this goes and the 
exposure of that, and, Dr. Resh, the last Administration 
weaponized NGOs to aid and abet illegal aliens across and 
within the interior of the United States. We saw millions of 
taxpayer dollars being funneled to NGOs that were spent on 
plane and bus tickets, hotel rooms, and even to coach illegal 
aliens on how to illegally stay in the country. Heck, we have a 
Congresswoman who is currently coaching illegal aliens on how 
to stay in the country, what terms to use, even if they are 
untruthful. Now, Dr. Resh, how does transporting millions of 
unvetted illegal aliens into our country make America safer, 
and how does stopping the funding of those NGOs harm America?
    Dr. Resh. That is tangential and irrelevant to my----
    Ms. Boebert. Oh, it is not irrelevant. Let us go through 
the list of relevancy, shall we? When we have open borders 
allowing millions of illegal aliens coming into our country 
unvetted, then the relevancy is in terms of Laken Riley, 
Jocelyn Nungaray, Rachel Morin, Ruby Garcia, Lizbeth Medina, 
and I could go on and on and on and on with the American 
citizens who were killed at the hands of illegal aliens. So, I 
think it is pretty relevant to say we need to look into these 
NGOs and what they are doing with these unvetted illegal aliens 
coming into our country and remaining into our country. Would 
you agree? Does that bring some relevancy to the topic, sir?
    Dr. Resh. Not to workforce cuts across the American public 
service.
    Ms. Boebert. But we are also talking about the funding that 
is going out. We are cutting spending at an executive level, 
and I hope that we codify all of that here within these 
chambers to ensure that it does not go out again.
    Now, in your testimony, you also mentioned that DOGE 
proposals reflect an agenda to dismantle professional 
government. According to you, this is fundamentally at odds 
with the principles of democratic governance. In November, 
President Trump won by a decisive mandate, promising to 
maximize governmental efficiency and productivity. And how are 
our actions, these actions, fulfilling the President's campaign 
promises fundamentally at odds with the principles of 
democratic governance? And while my time is running out, I want 
you to answer that, sir, but we hear about unelected folks. 
Democrats did not even get a chance to vote for their own 
Presidential candidate in their primary, so do not talk to me 
about unelected people actually being involved in the decisions 
in this country. But I would like to hear how that is at odds, 
sir.
    Dr. Resh. I have no response to that.
    Ms. Boebert. Well, that is kind of----
    Mr. Connolly. Mr. Chairman, the gentlelady's time----
    Ms. Boebert. I yield. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair now recognizes Mr. Casar. We are 
going to recognize Mr. Casar, then Mr. Jordan, and then at the 
request of the witnesses, we are going to take a brief bathroom 
break. So, the Chair recognizes Mr. Casar for 5 minutes, and 
then after him it will be Jordan and then a brief 10-minute 
break.
    Mr. Casar. Chairman, I do not know why Republican Members 
even show up to this Committee or to Congress when it is clear 
who is really in charge of the Federal Government right now, 
and that is Elon Musk. And at the beginning of this hearing, 
when we asked our Republican colleagues if we could bring Mr. 
Musk to this Committee, Republicans ran cover for him. They 
want him hiding in the White House, tweeting, and they voted 
unanimously that they did not want to hear from Elon Musk.
    Supposedly, this Committee is supposed to be about rooting 
out waste, fraud, and abuse, and I agree, so let us talk about 
waste, fraud, and abuse. The biggest fraud in U.S. Government 
right now is Elon Musk pretending to care about efficiency when 
what he cares about is taking your taxpayer dollars, taking 
your Medicare, taking your Medicaid, taking your Social 
Security, and enriching himself and his billionaire buddies 
with it. The biggest abuse in the U.S. Government right now is 
Elon Musk getting $154 billion richer since the election just a 
few months ago, while consolidating unprecedented power over 
your money and your government. Mr. Musk invested $227 million 
in Trump's election and is making billions off of it. That is 
waste. That is fraud. That is abuse.
    And speaking of waste, another waste is my House Republican 
colleagues showing up because they waste their time. They will 
not speak out about any of these abuses against working people 
and taxpayers. This is the Oversight Committee, and there are 
17 independent Inspectors General. They are watchdogs. They are 
the oversight arm of the Federal Government, and Trump and Musk 
illegally fired 17 of them, including a watchdog that was 
investigating one of Musk's companies. And what I have heard 
from House Republicans is either silence or defending that kind 
of behavior. You guys know that it is embarrassing and it is 
wrong, and that is why you voted to not have Musk here before 
us.
    Elon Musk is not doing anything to make government more 
efficient for working people. He is using his position to more 
efficiently raid your taxpayer dollars to enrich himself and 
his friends. I am told that this hearing is about rightsizing 
government, so I propose that we start rightsizing our Federal 
Government by firing the most dangerous man in it, and that is 
Elon Musk. To protect our taxpayers, we should fire Elon Musk. 
To keep American Social Security numbers private, fire Elon 
Musk. To protect Medicare and Medicaid, fire Elon Musk. To save 
schools and our jobs, fire Elon Musk. And to protect the idea 
that American people have a government for the people and by 
the people and not for the ultrarich and by the ultrarich, we 
must fire Elon Musk.
    Attacking working families is nothing new for him. Mr. 
Musk's biggest factory sits in my district, and the first thing 
I did after I was elected to Congress was to call for an OSHA 
investigation into the injuries and deaths of workers building 
that very factory. Those were investigations to be launched by 
the Department of Labor where later today, we are hearing that 
Musk's minions are going to go and maybe start shutting down 
parts of that key agency that is built to oversee big 
corporations and defend the interests of workers. Musk's 
companies, like Tesla, have been sued and found liable for many 
labor violations. Screwing over working people is just part of 
the game for him. He has been found liable for improperly 
giving non-safety training to construction workers and 
withholding wages. OSHA fined Tesla for exposing workers to 
hazardous chemicals without proper training and monitoring. 
OSHA opened up investigation into deaths of workers at a Tesla 
Gigafactory in 2024. SpaceX, another one of Musk's companies, 
was found responsible for the deaths of one of their workers, 
Lonnie LeBlanc, due to head trauma that he got on the job.
    So, now Musk has seemingly unlimited power to take 
advantage not just of his own employees, not just of American 
consumers, but of all Americans: unlimited power to Americans' 
data, unlimited power to choke off funding meant for Americans 
and the programs that people count on. Enough is enough. But 
thankfully our country is not one of Musk's companies. Our 
country is ours. A billionaire whose career is built on the 
abuse and exploitation of workers should not have unlimited 
power in this country. He should be before this Committee, and 
when he comes before this Committee, if somebody wants to do 
the right thing, all you got to do is turn on your mic and say, 
fire Elon Musk. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. Before I 
recognize Mr. Jordan, Ms. Boebert, did you have a----
    Ms. Boebert. Yes, Mr. Chairman. I have a document I would 
like to submit for the record.
    Chairman Comer. Proceed.
    Ms. Boebert. So, this is a press release from the White 
House: ``At USAID, waste and abuse runs deep,'' and just some 
examples: $2.5 million for electric vehicles in Vietnam; 
$47,000 for a transgender opera in Colombia; $32,000 for 
transgender comic books in Peru; $2 million for sex changes and 
LBGT activism in Guatemala; $6 million to fund tourism in 
Egypt.
    Mr. Connolly. Mr. Chairman? This becomes a statement and 
not just a----
    Ms. Boebert. And these are just some of the many, many 
examples, and I would like to submit that to the record.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Boebert. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair now recognizes the Chairman of 
the House Judiciary Committee for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Jordan. Thank you, Chairman. Mr. Schatz, is the Federal 
Government too big?
    Mr. Schatz. Yes, the expenditures certainly are, which 
makes the entity itself too big.
    Mr. Jordan. Seven trillion dollars in annual spending, 400 
agencies and subagencies, 1,000 boards and commissions. I think 
anyone, maybe even the people on the other side of the aisle, I 
think anyone would say, almost everyone would say, that is too 
big. And when you have big government, does big government have 
a tendency to spend taxpayer money on stupid things?
    Mr. Schatz. That is part of the reason that we are here, 
and it is one of the things that Citizens Against Government 
Waste has been documenting for many, many years.
    Mr. Jordan. You have been highlighting this for, like, a 
hundred years. I mean, I have known you, yes, for a long time.
    Mr. Schatz. Organizations----
    Mr. Jordan. God bless you for persisting.
    Mr. Schatz. Organization, 41 years. I have been there 39.
    Mr. Jordan. Yes. And when you spend money, when you are the 
person spending money on something stupid, you just assume, you 
would just kind of hope that people do not really notice that, 
right? If you are in the government and you are spending--what 
did Ms. Boebert just say, $32,000 for a transgender comic in 
Peru, $16 million in gender development offices--you are 
spending money on stuff like that, you just kind of hope that 
people probably do not notice that. Is that probably fair to 
say? That is kind of human nature, I would think.
    Mr. Schatz. Well, that is part of the problem is that the 
taxpayers do not know exactly how the money is being spent 
because there is not the transparency that, for example, Iowa, 
Ohio, Arizona, and other states have. We should be able to push 
a button and find out how your tax dollars are being spent.
    Mr. Jordan. And so, it is understandable why everyone on 
the left, all the proponents of Big Government, all the 
supporters of Big Government, all the people getting the 
taxpayer money from Big Government, it is understandable why 
they are attacking Elon Musk because he is pointing out the 
stupid things that government spends money on. Is that fair to 
say?
    Mr. Schatz. Well, he is not making it up, and, in fact, 
many of the recommendations he has made have been made for 
years.
    Mr. Jordan. Great point. He is not making it up. He is 
citing every single thing.
    Mr. Schatz. Right.
    Mr. Jordan. I am sorry.
    Mr. Schatz. No, it is there. I mean, look, the Department 
of Education has been something that was recommended by 
President Reagan to be eliminated and many others since then. 
U.S. Digital Service--DOGE found U.S. Digital Service was 
duplicating the private sector. Same with 18F at GSA. So, he 
has already helped save money by doing that.
    Mr. Jordan. So, Democrats, instead of saying, yes, we 
should probably not spend $32,000 for a transgender comic in 
Peru. Yes, it is probably not a wise expenditure of taxpayer 
money to have Sesame Street played in Baghdad, Iraq. On all 
that list, instead of saying we should figure out how we stop 
that, they are saying, no, no, no, we got to stop the guy who 
is pointing out the stupid things that government is spending 
taxpayer money, the money that people in the 4th District, that 
I represent, their money on these kind of stupid things.
    Now, it is being reported that there is something even 
maybe worse going on. It has been reported today that media 
outlets were paid millions of dollars by USAID. Now, the media 
outlets are saying this is for subscriptions to their 
publication, but I find that interesting, and one of the 
particulars that is pointed out, the FDA paid Politico $517,000 
for 37 subscriptions. That seems kind of high to me. Does that 
seem that way to you, Mr. Schatz?
    Mr. Schatz. Doing the math quickly, that seems excessive, 
yes.
    Mr. Jordan. Yes. That seems a lot for now. Maybe there is 
some explanation here, you know. Maybe Politico is so darn 
important that it costs that much and taxpayer money should be 
spent, but I find that interesting, particularly $517,000 for 
37 subscriptions, when it is the government paying the press. 
Does that in some way maybe jeopardize the free press that we 
are supposed to have in our great country?
    Mr. Schatz. Well, it is certainly something that taxpayers 
probably did not know until today. I did not know that.
    Mr. Jordan. Did not know until today, and it is also 
government paying the press that kind of money. Thirty-seven 
subscriptions will give you half a million dollars. Might 
Politico write favorable things about the particular 
administration that is paying that money? I do not know. I am 
not saying that happened, but you can sure look at some of the 
things that has been reported by some of the press, 
particularly Politico, and you cannot help but ask that 
question.
    Governor Reynolds, I got, like, 50 seconds. You came all 
the way from the great state of Iowa. I will give you a chance 
to comment on any of the things I raised there, but I do think 
this is amazing. The guy who is pointing out the stupid things 
the government spends money on, that is who gets attacked 
versus, no, let us fix the stupid things and not spend money on 
them. I just do not get that, and I think the American people 
have common sense, and that is how they look at it. My guess 
is, I know lots of good people in Iowa, they have lots of 
common sense, that is probably how they look at it.
    Governor Reynolds. That is exactly how they look at it $36 
trillion in debt, $2 trillion annually being added to the debt. 
Kevin and I have 11 grandchildren. I want them to have the same 
opportunity I did growing up, and I appreciate President Trump 
trying to rightsize the ship and get it back in line, and I do 
not hear any answers to the contrary. What are their answers 
except for leave everything the way it is, and that is not 
working, so thank you.
    Mr. Jordan. That is not what you did in Iowa. You did not 
leave everything the way it is.
    Governor Reynolds. That is not what we did.
    Mr. Jordan. And you changed things, and taxpayers got more 
efficient government, which is exactly what we want. I yield 
back, thank you.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back.
    Pursuant to the previous order, the Committee will recess 
for 5 minutes to accommodate a witness request. This Committee 
stands in recess.
    [Recess.]
    Chairman Comer. All right. The Committee will come back to 
order, and Governor Reynolds has an unmovable conflict, and 
must leave at 2 p.m., that has just arisen. Without objection, 
the witness will be excused at that time, and the Committee 
will proceed.
    Without objection, so ordered.
    The Chair now recognizes Mr. Burlison from Missouri for 5 
minutes.
    Mr. Burlison. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you for the 
witnesses for coming and for whoever is watching, but what you 
are witnessing is the dying scream of addicts who realize that 
tomorrow they are going into recovery because this town--
Congress--has been addicted on spending opium, or other 
people's money, for a long time. And what you are witnessing 
today is this desperate cry of individuals who do not want to 
see fiscal responsibility. But we have gotten to this point and 
it is a point of we are getting close to where we are at a 
point of no return.
    And so, the group called EPIC, which is the Economic Policy 
Innovation Center, said that we are nearing a fiscal cliff. We 
are nearing a point in which we are going to start going down a 
debt spiral. They say that that will occur under current 
policies if we do not cut any spending in the next 15 years. It 
gets worse. Fifteen years seems like a long ways out, but you 
have got to slow this freight train of spending down to have 
any impact 15 years from now. In addition, the Social Security 
is going to go bankrupt in 8 years, right, and then Medicare 
has another ticking time bomb in just 10 short years. So, look, 
the spending spree is over. We have got to return to some form 
of fiscal sanity or we will not have a country. This is not a 
Republican problem or a Democratic problem. This is a math 
problem, period.
    And so, I would have expected Democratic colleagues to see 
and recognize that this is a serious problem, and let us all 
get behind this, and figure out a way to solve this problem. 
And the easy way to do that with the least harm is to figure 
out how to make government more efficient with the dollars that 
we are bringing in, right, and reduce that burden on the 
American people. As was said, we are at $36 trillion in debt. 
Our interest is over a trillion dollars a year, which now 
eclipses all other spending. We are at 120 percent of debt to 
GDP, so it is absolutely unsustainable. We have never been at 
that level of debt. Actually, we are beyond the level of debt 
that we were just after World War II, and we had just finished 
fighting a World War. This puts us in a very critical situation 
where, if we are faced with any kind of global conflict, we 
have no money, we have no room to go.
    And then, when it was talked about some of the 
opportunities for waste and bringing in outside consultants to 
identify and expose some things because, you know this town is 
a little bit incestuous. I mean, they generally do not think 
outside of the box. This town is one really good at doing one 
thing and that is saying why something cannot be done, right? 
So, it is good to have people outside of the box come in, like 
Mr. Musk. And I want to ask Governor Reynolds, thank you for 
being here today. I understand in Iowa, you were DOGE before 
DOGE was cool, right? So, in Iowa, you rely on outside 
expertise to come in, correct?
    Governor Reynolds. Yes, we did, because, otherwise, I mean, 
when you are in it, you see it one way and you get accustomed 
to what you are doing, and I think it is beneficial to have 
somebody from the outside come in and take a look at some of 
the practices and some of the initiatives, and how we are 
operating. So, it was actually beneficial. We hired a 
consultant to do the alignment, to help really manage it, but 
to also help us compare how we were doing business with other 
states. And we are standing up Iowa DOGE, and we are bringing 
this private sector in again for that very reason so they can 
look at some of the processes and how government operates, and 
give us recommendations on what we could do different.
    Mr. Burlison. Yes. Would you embrace if Elon Musk offered 
to you to come in with no pay, with a team of people with, you 
know, 200-level IQs, all with no pay?
    Governor Reynolds. Yes, we would.
    Mr. Burlison. Would you embrace that?
    Governor Reynolds. Yes, I would welcome that, especially, 
when we look at the legacy systems and the antiquated systems 
that government is working under to have somebody from the 
private sector, you know, that risks their own capital on an 
idea to come in and take a look at how we can make government 
better, I think would be a huge benefit for the taxpayers of 
Iowa.
    Mr. Burlison. I think DOGE immediately, just in the hiring, 
probably raised the average IQ of Federal workers here. Let me 
ask a last question of Mr. Schatz. I understand that the 
Citizens Against Government Waste publishes an annual report 
called ``Prime Cuts,'' which makes recommendations. Could you 
tell us about some of the latest versions of this report and 
what kind of savings taxpayers, you know, might be able to 
find, what DOGE might be able to find?
    Mr. Schatz. ``Prime Cuts'' comes out annually. We are 
working on the report for 2024, but 2023 is $5.1 trillion over 
5 years. It addresses things I have discussed already: 
technology, telecommunications, broadband consolidation, sale 
of Federal property, which saves $15 billion over 5 years. Some 
of them make perfect sense and a lot of them are commonsense, 
and that is something that, I think, is also in short supply in 
Washington, DC.
    Mr. Burlison. Thank you, thank you. My time has expired.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair now recognizes Ms. Pressley from 
Massachusetts.
    Ms. Pressley. Thank you, Mr. Chair. By the hour, Donald 
Trump, Elon Musk, and his enablers advance their extremist, 
anti-equity, un-American agenda, dismantling decades of civil 
rights progress, upending livelihoods, incomes, and lives, and 
adversely affecting something they claim to care about, the 
GDP, because all data supports that diversity, equity, and 
inclusion is actually good business.
    Governor Reynolds, my Republican colleagues invited you 
here today to promote what they see as a model of governance. 
Simply put, Republicans' vision of America is to be more like 
Iowa. Governor Reynolds, let us learn more about the state. Do 
you know what percentage of Iowans are White and what 
percentage are Black?
    Governor Reynolds. I do not know the exact percentages now, 
by far, larger percentage of White population.
    Ms. Pressley. That is correct. Iowa is 90 percent White----
    Governor Reynolds. Ninety, yes.
    Ms. Pressley [continuing]. And only 4.5 percent Black, so 
that is drastically different from the national population. So, 
when Republicans suggest Iowa should be a national model, they 
are advocating for a government that does not reflect our 
country. So let us talk about what this model of governance 
actually means in practice. In Iowa, you signed state Senate 
Bill 2385 to eliminate more than 80 state boards and 
commissions, including those representing Black Iowans, 
Latinos, women, people with disabilities, and Asian-Pacific 
Islanders, communities that are marginalized and vulnerable and 
have fought for decades to have a seat at the table. Now, 
Republicans call this fiscal responsibility. I just call it 
erasure.
    Governor Reynolds, the Iowa Legislative Services Agency 
conducted a nonpartisan analysis of that bill. Do you know how 
much money was saved when you eliminated those commissions?
    Governor Reynolds. Actually, it was not about saving money. 
It was about putting more resources behind the Department of 
Human Rights so that we could actually provide them more 
resources for minority communities.
    Ms. Pressley. Reclaiming my time. Reclaiming my time. Let 
me help you with the math. Roughly $112,000 in your state 
budget was saved, so that is .001 percent, barely a rounding 
error. So, honestly, given your current salary, Iowans would 
have saved more money just by eliminating your salary.
    Mr. Chair, I ask unanimous consent to enter the LSA Fiscal 
Note into the record.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Pressley. In addition to cutting boards and 
commissions, Iowa started closing government agencies. Now, 
this is the same thing that Elon Musk and Donald Trump are 
trying to do at the national level. Now, Governor Reynolds, let 
us be clear. I have no problem with Iowans, but I do with your 
leadership. So, let us look at the results, shall we? In Iowa, 
there have been skyrocketing maternal mortality rates.
    Mr. Chair, I ask unanimous consent to enter into the record 
this article titled, ``Iowa's Maternal Death Rates Rise as 
Birthing Units Close.''
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Pressley. In Iowa, students test scores have been 
declining.
    Mr. Chair, I ask unanimous consent to enter into the record 
this article titled, ``Iowa Scores in 50 State Education 
Rankings Declined from Years Past.''
    Chairman Comer . Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Pressley. In Iowa, more kids are going hungry. Is this 
the kind of government efficiency you all are talking about?
    Mr. Chair, I ask unanimous consent to enter into the record 
this article titled, ``Iowa's Food Pantries Hit Record High 
Numbers This Summer.''
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Pressley. So let us be clear about what Republicans are 
actually doing. You are making people poorer. You are making 
people hungrier, more vulnerable, and gutting their civil 
rights. These attacks on diversity, equity, and inclusion, they 
were never about efficiency. They certainly were never about 
merit. It is just a deliberate, calculated attempt to erase 
marginalized communities from government, while eliminating 
essential services for workers, families, and the people that 
we are actually elected to protect. They want a country for and 
by millionaires that advances White supremacy, and that is the 
real agenda, and I will do everything I can to speak truth to 
power and to stand in the way of that. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentlewoman yields back. We got to go 
to two Democrats now. The Chair recognizes Ms. Randall.
    Ms. Randall. Thank you. Thank you so much, Mr. Chair, and 
thank you for our panelists for taking the time to come before 
Committee and testify today.
    I think we have heard a lot of frustration from my 
Democratic colleagues in this Committee today, and, you know, 
on my part. It is frustration that is reflected in the calls 
and the emails that we are getting from our neighbors, 
neighbors who are scared at the attempts to come after programs 
that keep them alive. A Republican colleague equated this work 
to recovering from addiction, and I think it is important to 
point out that many government programs are funding, with 
Medicaid dollars and others, addiction and recovery support 
that is literally saving people's lives. So, if we are going to 
spend time dismissing those important lifesaving programs, the 
important lives of the people we represent, I feel like we are 
doing a disservice to our neighbors.
    I want to talk about some of my neighbors in the 6th 
congressional District, a district that I have mentioned 
before, includes many Federal workers, many Federal employees, 
27,000 in the 6th congressional District, making up almost 8 
percent of our workforce. And these employees are doing lots of 
different jobs, you know, making sure that we get our mail, 
providing healthcare service to veterans, and also ensuring 
that our national defense is well staffed and ready to protect 
our country when necessary.
    I got an email from one such employee who works for Naval 
Base Kitsap, who had served for 6 years, 4 aboard the USS Jimmy 
Carter, carrying out missions critical to our national 
security. And after transitioning to the Federal Government, he 
finds himself subjected to daily harassment, despite the only 
goal being to provide for his family. He has not had a day off 
in 2 weeks because he is supporting the PSNS-IMF mission and is 
rated 70-percent disabled by the VA, but refuses to let that 
stop him from doing his job to protect our country. And when my 
colleagues say that the average IQ has vastly increased because 
we have let unelected Elon Musk and his cronies enter our 
government buildings, I am offended on behalf of my 
constituents, who are working tirelessly to ensure that our 
government programs are run to the best of their abilities to 
make sure that our Country is safe and our neighbors are cared 
for.
    I believe in government accountability. I represented the 
people of Washington for 6 years in the state legislature, 
where we have one of the most transparent budgeting operations, 
and we have a Triple A bond rating. We have good budgeting 
practices and good programs that invest in community. I believe 
that government can do both, can invest in our neighbors and be 
accountable, but we cannot be accountable when we fire all of 
our inspector generals and take away that watchdog authority.
    Dr. Resh, our veterans have sacrificed so much for us, and 
a 2024 report by the VA inspector general noted that 86 percent 
of Veterans Health Administration facilities reported severe 
occupational staff shortages from medical officers, 82 percent 
had shortages for nurses, and yet we are seeing an unelected 
billionaire striving to immediately decrease 5 to 10 percent 
across-the-board cuts to our government's workforce, including 
the VA. What would happen to agencies and departments like the 
VA if 5 percent of their employees suddenly left their jobs?
    Dr. Resh. Well, again, when you are making broad cuts 
indiscriminately, you are not choosing, per se, poor 
performers. You are just making blanket cuts. Again, it is 
going to create an environment of fear, an environment of 
uncertainty, and you are certainly not going to be attracting 
the best people to public service under those conditions. And 
so, what I would say to you is that what it will do is diminish 
the very capacity that you are looking for in government. It is 
almost as if by losing the best people that work for you, being 
a corporation, firing your accountants, and expecting profits.
    Chairman Comer. The gentlelady's time has expired. The 
Chair recognizes Mr. Fallon from Texas.
    Mr. Fallon. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. You know, you hear a 
lot of interesting things when you sit on the Oversight 
Committee. DOGE, it is curious that it seems to me that that is 
like a dirty word for many Democrats. They recoil when they 
hear it--DOGE. Or if they say the word, ``DOGE,'' it is at 
least a bitter taste in the mouth, very acidic. That is a DOGE. 
But what does it stand for? I will tell you what it does not 
stand for. It does not stand for oligarch, it does not stand 
for billionaire, it does not stand for unelected billionaire, 
it does not stand for Project 2025, and it sure as hell does 
not stand for Elon Musk. It is the Department of Government 
Efficiency. Who in their right mind would oppose our Federal 
Government operating with more--wait for it--efficiency? Who in 
their right mind believes that a 1.7 million strong civilian 
Federal workforce operates currently at maximum efficiency? Of 
course, it does not.
    But I figured I would hear certain things, and our 
colleagues across the aisle did not disappoint. They went to 
the tact of venerating the flawless Federal worker without whom 
we would all see our lives disintegrate before our very eyes. 
How dare we even question these benevolent public servants? In 
far too many instances, Federal bureaucrats have become not the 
public servants, but they have evolved into public masters. 
Now, do some Federal workers do a fabulous job? Absolutely. Do 
some Federal Agencies provide critical services for Americans? 
Of course, but not all, and where there is not value being 
provided, we need to trim the excess, we need to eliminate 
waste, we need to expose the abuse, and we need to streamline 
efficiency.
    Take, for instance, the Department of Education. When you 
say you want to eliminate the Department of Education, 
liberals' heads will explode, but it was formed in 1979, and 
when you look at the proficiency in math and reading from 1979 
to current day, it is stagnant. It is a rounding error. It goes 
up a little, goes down a little bit. But when you look at 
adjusted for inflation, the spending per pupil on education, it 
was $9,615 in 1979. It is now just under $20,000, so, we spent 
double the money, but it is not reaching classroom performance. 
Block grants would be a far better way, rather than spending 
$79 billion on a Department of Education at the Federal level. 
We went to the moon without a Department of Education. So, the 
growth in the Federal Government has been staggering. If you 
look at just the last 100 years, in 1929, the Federal 
Government spent $3.6 billion. Adjusted for inflation, that is 
$66 billion. Today, that number is $7,300 billion, a 110 times 
in 100 years or 11,100 percent in a century. There are 400 
executive branch agencies and subagencies and 1,000 Federal 
boards and commissions.
    I think we should look to the states, and we have Governor 
Reynolds here. And Governor Reynolds, I commend you for taking 
the cabinet position numbers from 37 to 16 and eliminating 500 
unfilled positions and then eliminating 83 state boards and 
commissions. How much is it projected to save your taxpayers, 
Governor?
    Governor Reynolds. In the first 18 months, it saved $217 
million, and that exceeded what our original projections were 
for 4 years. So, I will continue to see savings as we move 
forward as we have really had visibility into the agencies, and 
look for opportunities to continue to make us better.
    Mr. Fallon. Two hundred 17 million dollars, and having been 
in a state legislature for 8 years, that is real money at the 
state level, particularly in a state the size of Iowa. What is 
the feedback you are receiving? Is it Iowans? Not Iowaits, 
right? Iowans?
    Governor Reynolds. Iowans, yes.
    Mr. Fallon. Iowans, OK. What do Iowans tell you about this?
    Governor Reynolds. Well, they appreciate it. First of all, 
you know, I have an obligation to make government accountable 
to the taxpayers, and I want to continue to bring the taxpayer 
burden down on Iowans, and by keeping spending in check and 
making government more efficient, we are going to be able to do 
that. I started my comments today, when I took office, our 
individual income tax rate was 8.98 percent. Today, January 1, 
2025, is 3.8 percent. So, when we saw 9-percent inflation under 
the Biden Administration, this was a way that I could help give 
back to Iowans some of their hardworking dollars so that they 
could offset some of the cost of gas and groceries that they 
were experiencing.
    Mr. Fallon. Governor, what advice would you give the 
Federal Government as we try to streamline our services for the 
American taxpayer?
    Governor Reynolds. Go for it. Everybody is going to tell 
you, you cannot do it. I have not heard any other suggestions 
on doing something different. In Iowa, it had been 40 years 
since we have taken a look at the structure of government. That 
is ridiculous. It was bloated. It had grown, and we could do 
things better, and this has been an opportunity. It changed the 
culture of our agencies, our cabinet, and most importantly, our 
employers. They feel like they are making a difference and they 
are making a difference in how they are serving Iowans.
    Mr. Fallon. Amen. Thank you. And coming from Texas and 
looking at the growth of Texas and Florida, people vote with 
their feet, and they are moving to the states like, you know, 
Iowa, Tennessee, Texas, Florida because we are doing it the 
right way, and at the Federal level, Mr. Chairman, we can and 
we must do better. Thank you, Governor, and thank you, 
Chairman. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair now recognizes Mr. Subramanyam 
from Virginia.
    Mr. Subramanyam. Thank you, Mr. Chair. You know, I have 
just been listening to the comments today during this hearing, 
and I hear these things like we want to trim the inefficiencies 
in government. We want to do the least amount of harm, is what 
someone said. We want to get rid of the low-performing 
employees. But that is not quite what is happening, is it, 
right? These are blanket cuts across the board that are 
indiscriminate. And let us be clear, this DOGE effort, it 
cannot be about just getting rid of waste, fraud, and abuse, 
because if you look at our Federal spending, civil servants are 
a drop in the bucket when it comes to our budget. The math does 
not work actually. In fact, civil servants actually save us a 
lot of money down the road. They prevent illnesses. They 
prevent a lot of bad things from happening that would cost us 
more money down the road. So, you know, yes, there are 
inefficiencies in government. Let us fix them. That is 
bipartisan. I have done that work myself, but, you know, if the 
kitchen cabinets in your house are broken, fix them. Do not 
burn the house down, right?
    And I do not think this is about waste, fraud, and abuse. I 
think this is about revenge over civil servants who may have 
slighted the President. I think this is about control over the 
Federal agencies and Federal Government, ones who especially 
had actual oversight and did actual regulation of companies 
that were slighting consumers. And this is about stopping the 
protections of consumers, and it is about having civil servants 
with a certain ideology, and this is not legal and this is not 
constitutional. And I wish we had the DOGE folks in here today, 
but we do not. So, we just have the Governor of Iowa, and so I 
will just ask Governor Reynolds, when you made DOGE reforms in 
Iowa, did you freeze all spending while you were doing your 
review?
    Governor Reynolds. No, we did not.
    Mr. Subramanyam. And when you brought in those consultants, 
did you let those consultants take over your payment systems 
and give access to every person's personal health information 
to them?
    Governor Reynolds. We did not.
    Mr. Subramanyam. And do you think it is OK for outside 
consultants with no security clearance to handle classified 
documents?
    Governor Reynolds. No.
    Mr. Subramanyam. And do you think it is OK for outside 
consultants to handle sensitive data haphazardly that could 
cause cybersecurity breaches? I am just curious.
    Governor Reynolds. You know, that has not been our 
experience in Iowa.
    Mr. Subramanyam. Yes, and we do not know who the people 
are. At least you knew who your consultants were, right? We 
even tried to go into the Treasury building and meet with them, 
we tried to go into USAID and meet with them, and we were 
turned away, us, Members of Congress. But the reason I know 
what is going on inside those buildings is because I have 
constituents who actually work in those buildings, and let me 
just tell you some of the stories I am hearing.
    One at USDA said that they have frozen funding to control 
invasive species protections, which would cost us hundreds of 
millions of dollars if these pests get into our country and 
devastate crops and livestock in states like Iowa; or at one 
Agency, one of the DOGE employees came in and said just cut 50 
percent of the employees indiscriminately, and then the DOGE 
employee actually started living inside the building. So, our 
Federal Agencies are now Airbnbs, apparently. And now we have 
nuclear scientists that are resigning. We have Ph.D.s. They are 
not dumb people. They may not have 200 IQs, but it does not 
seem like the DOGE people do either. But what they are doing is 
they are resigning because they do not want to put up with this 
anymore, and it is going to be hard to replace these folks. It 
is going to be a brain drain on our Federal Government.
    This is not the rightsizing of government. This is the 
dumbsizing of government, and it has to stop, and Congress has 
oversight over this. This Committee has oversight over this, 
but what are we doing about it? We are talking to the Governor 
of Iowa. No offense. We are talking to think tanks. We are 
talking to folks that are not actually doing this work. Let us 
actually give the American people answers, let us give our 
constituents answers, and let us actually use Congress' powers 
to fight this or at least figure out how we can work together 
to fix what is wrong in government. I am down to do that. I 
know both sides of the aisle want to fix what is wrong in 
government. The American people deserve to know, though, what 
is going on right now, why it is happening, and how to fix 
this, but what is happening right now is way overstepping the 
bounds of executive power. It is overstepping Congress' power. 
We are getting rid of agencies that Congress authorized. We are 
going way over the line here, and this is unprecedented and 
needs to stop.
    And so, we are going to continue to ask questions. We are 
going to continue to ask for hearings, and we are going to 
continue to ask for the people who are actually doing this 
because we want answers. I yield my time to the Ranking Member.
    Mr. Connolly. And I would just ask the gentleman from 
Virginia, and we want to add to that, we want Elon Musk to come 
here, since he is an unelected, unaccountable, major player in 
all of this, unlike the process in Iowa, which was transparent 
and accountable, in order to answer to this Committee in our 
legitimate oversight functions. Is that not correct?
    Mr. Subramanyam. Absolutely. That is correct.
    Mr. Connolly. I thank the gentleman.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair now recognizes myself for the 
purpose of asking questions.
    Governor Reynolds, again, thank you for being here. You are 
a role model for government efficiency, that is why we asked 
you to come in, and you have done a tremendous job explaining 
what you did in Iowa, as we work, at least on this side of the 
aisle, to sincerely try to reform government and reduce 
unnecessary spending in Washington. I understand you were asked 
a question that mischaracterized a bill you signed a couple 
years ago that addressed the Iowa State Auditor. Can you talk 
about why the legislature passed the bill?
    Governor Reynolds. Yes. The bill was passed, again, to 
promote government efficiency, so it completely fell in line 
with the government efficiency and alignment bill that we were 
working on. And what it did, is it required that two government 
agencies to mediate conflicts rather than going to the court 
and racking up legal bills that the taxpayers have to pay for, 
so it did not limit the Auditors' access to necessary 
information. It was more about the process of when two agencies 
disagreed that they could actually mediate their conflicts 
instead of taking it through the courts racking up additional 
cost on taxpayers.
    Chairman Comer. Right. Like you worked with your 
legislature to amend laws that needed change to complete your 
alignment, President Trump has said he will work with Congress 
where he needs to, but he will take executive action where he 
can. You did that too, correct?
    Governor Reynolds. I did the same thing. When we started, I 
did it through 28E agreements. I had one Director acting for 
both Public Health and Human Services. We did it through a 28E 
or an MOU. We did a proof of concept, and then we took it 
through the legislature. I also did executive orders with the 
rules moratorium. We put that and initiated that with an 
executive order, and then when we took the next step, we 
actually took it through Congress when it needed a statute 
change to implement some of the ideas that we did, either 
through an executive order that I stood up or through a 28E. 
Then we brought in the Congress and utilized them to make the 
statute reflect for what we were doing.
    Chairman Comer. Great. You eliminated a host of state 
agencies, commissions. It saved money and streamlined the state 
bureaucracy. I wonder, did you encounter opposition from 
entrenched interest when you did that?
    Governor Reynolds. You know, we really did not, but I will 
say we did a lot of the homework on the front end, and these 
were commonsense changes.
    Chairman Comer. Right.
    Governor Reynolds. As I talked about, you cannot have 
different functions spread about across multiple agencies and 
expect to be efficient. So, we brought in the directors early, 
we brought in the leaders, we brought in the Chairs, we worked, 
reached out to stakeholders, but no. And the few incidents 
where there were some concerns that were raised, it never came 
to bear.
    Chairman Comer. So, it sounds like people in Iowa were 
serious about reforming government.
    Governor Reynolds. Yes.
    Chairman Comer. I do not get that feeling in Washington, 
DC, at least with half of the Congress. What sort of blowback 
did these proposals get when they were first announced?
    Governor Reynolds. Well, again, I mean, we had not looked 
at the government structure for 40 years, so I do not think 
they were surprised. I had done a complete tax overhaul. Again, 
I started with the merger between Public Health and with Human 
Services, and so I had a great proof of concept. So, as we 
worked with the directors, we were also able to anticipate what 
some of the arguments might be, what some of the opposition 
would be, so we could do the research on the front end to be 
able to provide the answers to the individuals about why we 
were doing what we did, and it was very, very effective. But it 
is hard to argue that it does not make sense to not have 
licensing spread across 11 agencies or to put 100 troopers back 
on the road by putting your Motor Vehicle Enforcement Unit in 
with the Department of Public Safety. That is 100 troopers that 
we were able to put on the road.
    Chairman Comer. Absolutely. Did some say that your 
proposals would disrupt government services and lead to other 
problems?
    Governor Reynolds. A lot of it was the existing--maybe some 
of the agencies that we were moving off the cabinet----
    Chairman Comer. The agencies, yes.
    Governor Reynolds. It was the agencies, not the 
individuals, not Iowans, that had the most pushback.
    Chairman Comer. I think that is who is leading a lot of 
the----
    Governor Reynolds. It was the agencies.
    Chairman Comer [continuing]. Fear and criticism of Elon 
Musk. I think it is some of the Federal agencies and Federal 
employees who are about to be disrupted.
    Governor Reynolds. Yes, yes. That saw kind of their 
territory being uprooted.
    Chairman Comer. So, were their fears proven to be 
overblown? Was there damage, if any?
    Governor Reynolds. There was not damage, and we have not 
had really any pushback whatsoever, and I keep saying this, but 
even the employees and the agencies, they love the culture that 
we are creating. There is actually more upward mobility within 
the agencies because we have broadened their scope on what they 
can impact, and they love that. They like being a part of that.
    Chairman Comer. Were people in Iowa ever allowed to work 
from home for years after COVID?
    Governor Reynolds. No, not for years.
    Chairman Comer. OK. So, that is part of the problem. I 
think that is what set the ball rolling of fear and opposition 
among a lot of the Federal employees are so many in this town 
that that are still working from home because of COVID years 
later. So, they have been brought back to work. And now we are 
talking about bringing agencies in and letting them justify 
their existence and cutting agencies, and cutting wasteful 
spending, and eliminating duplicative services, and eliminating 
duplicative agencies, and it has just created all this fear and 
mass hysteria with my colleagues across the aisle. But we are 
committed to work with this Administration to reduce and 
eliminate unnecessary spending and wasteful spending, and 
hopefully, we will be able to do that like you did in Iowa.
    Governor Reynolds. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. Thank you, Governor.
    Governor Reynolds. Thank you. I appreciate that.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair now recognizes Ms. Ansari.
    Ms. Ansari. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you to the 
witnesses for being here today. This is an unprecedented moment 
in our Nation's history. Donald Trump and an unelected 
billionaire, Elon Musk, are illegally dismantling our 
government, agency by agency, and illegally stealing your data, 
your money, and your services. I would love for Mr. Musk to 
come here and testify before this Committee so we can 
understand his qualifications to do this because last I 
checked, running a social media platform does not qualify you 
for understanding how the U.S. Government works and making sure 
that it can operate and serve the American people.
    One of my Republican colleagues just went after the IQ of 
Federal workers. They want us to think that Federal workers are 
faceless, nameless bureaucrats, roaming in the halls of 
Washington, DC, when the reality is that over 85 percent of 
Federal employees live outside of Washington, DC, and they are 
your neighbors, your friends, and your families. More than 
34,000 Federal employees live in Arizona, and about 7,000 live 
in my district. They make sure that your highways are running 
smoothly and safely so we can get to work on time. They make 
sure your grandparents get their Social Security checks on time 
so that they can afford food.
    In my district, we have multiple VA health centers to make 
sure our veterans get access to basic healthcare. Maricopa 
County, one of the largest counties in the United States, has 
over 245,000 veterans who do not know if they are going to keep 
getting their benefits. That is absurd and disrespectful to so 
many Arizonans who put their lives on the line for this 
country. Because of the Musk funding freezes, I had 
constituents calling my office panicking about whether they 
would be able to get urgent surgeries. Renters on subsidies are 
distressed about whether or not they will get aid or get 
evicted and end up on the streets. Even after Trump realized 
how disastrous his misguided freezes were and reversed some of 
them, there are healthcare clinics in my district that are 
laying off staff and cutting critical programs, like STD 
prevention and substance abuse care, because they were labeled 
as DEI. Republicans want to take a vote about fentanyl later 
today, and yet they are cutting care to get people off of 
fentanyl.
    I previously served as the vice mayor of Phoenix, Arizona, 
the fifth largest city in the country, and I can tell you 
firsthand how much Federal funding and agencies matter to a 
city like Phoenix. It literally keeps your grandparents and 
your children fed, your streets safe, your public safety and 
police and fire running, makes sure public transportation is 
operating, and that air conditioning is running during our 
extremely hot summers. While Trump and Musk are allegedly 
concerned about making our government more efficient, they want 
to lay off and dismantle the very people and departments who 
are keeping the country running. These loyal, dedicated 
employees are doing more and more with less and have been for 
decades.
    [Chart]
    Ms. Ansari. This graph shows the Federal workforce. It has 
remained at nearly the same level for 50 years, while the U.S. 
population has grown by 100 million people. The bottom line is 
that Donald Trump and Elon Musk are lying to you. They are 
lying to the American people under the guise of efficiency. 
They are dismantling every department. That is not efficiency. 
They are breaking down the government illegally, from USAID, 
that is vital for national security, to the Department of 
Education, to the Department of Labor, to the Environmental 
Protection Agency. They are going after your healthcare, your 
schools, your safety, your data, illegally and unvetted. And 
what is the ultimate aim for all of this? To distract the 
American people, to cut a little bit of money so that they can 
gift their billionaire buddies with massive tax cuts. Just 
watch them. Thank you. I yield back.
    Mr. Connolly. Would you yield to the Ranking Member?
    Ms. Ansari. I yield back to the Ranking Member.
    Mr. Connolly. Thank you. Just real quickly. And does Elon 
Musk bring some specialty or some expertise in terms of 
ameliorating, or cutting back, or pruning, or making 
qualitative judgments about the value of the programs you 
described that are being hurt right now? Does he bring some 
special expertise to that task?
    Ms. Ansari. He does not. He has not shown any interest in 
the issues that affect Phoenix or any other city that I have 
heard of.
    Mr. Connolly. And that would be quite different than the 
process that we saw unfold in the reform effort in Iowa, would 
it not?
    Ms. Ansari. What I heard from the Governor was very 
different than what I have seen thus far. There were no funding 
freezes. You know, programs were actually being evaluated. It 
sounds like what was happening in Iowa was actually about 
efficiency where this is about illegally dismantling our 
government and taking away from the American people.
    Mr. Connolly. I thank my colleague for yielding.
    Chairman Comer. Pursuant to the previous order, Governor 
Reynolds is excused, and, Governor, thank you so much for 
appearing here today.
    The Chair now recognizes Mr. McGuire.
    Mr. McGuire. I would ask the Governor a question, but I 
understand you have to go, but I just cannot tell you how much 
our country is grateful to what you have done in Iowa, and I am 
so excited that you are going to continue that type of 
efficiency and work with DOGE and with President Trump's 
Administration. We have a great country and it needs to make 
sense, and I love what you said. We need the best practices and 
the right people. Thank you.
    So, my questions, I will divert those questions a little 
bit, but first of all, I would say is that I do not think we 
can remind folks, especially folks on the other side, enough, 
is that through the grace of God, President Trump won a mandate 
on November 5. He won the popular vote, the Electoral College, 
and the American people have spoken. I do not understand why 
every time he puts in an executive order or makes a decision, 
it surprises folks because every decision I am seeing is what 
he campaigned on, and that is what the American people voted 
for.
    I would tell you this: there is a war on common sense, and 
it is really an effort for all of us to bring our country back 
to common sense. We have to have a meritocracy. We have to have 
the right people in the right place, or people get killed, and 
we do not have time to go over all the examples. I would say, 
as a small business owner, if the government was a business, 
the government would be out of business. We are spending more 
per day than we bring in per day, and that is not sustainable.
    If the government were to build a car, first of all, it 
would cost overruns, it would cost a million dollars, and 
nobody in this room would buy it. It is amazing what the free 
market can do and how innovative it is. Elon Musk created this 
rocket for 10 times cheaper what it would cost the government 
to do the same thing. And I heard some folks on the other side 
talk about these young people involved in what is going on with 
our data, but I want to remind them that young people are very 
capable. You ought to research the ages of our founding 
fathers, like Thomas Jefferson, when they created this amazing 
country. Young people saved the world during World War II on 
the Normandy beaches from Nazism.
    So, young people are quite capable, and if you have the 
bright young minds, I got to tell you, as a veteran, if you 
saved my life on the battlefield, I would not care if you call 
yourself a Democrat, Republican, Independent. I do not care if 
you are young or old, or pink or blue. We are all Americans, 
and we are in big trouble, and I think we are on the way to a 
sovereign debt crisis because we are spending so much. And I 
hear this talk, and we all know the government is not 
efficient. We, in corporate America, and the corporate world is 
talking about how people perform better face-to-face in an 
office environment, and so we want to bring people back to 
work. Yet folks on the other side are saying it is a terrible 
thing to bring people back to work. I got to tell you, people 
in my district have to go to work every day, and they do not 
understand why people who work in the government do not have to 
go back to work.
    We also heard a testimony in this Committee about a week or 
so ago about a guy, it took him 3 years to fire. I talked to a 
very, very successful businessman at breakfast yesterday, and 
he said, if we have a guy who is not performing, we get rid of 
him in 3 minutes. We need to make the right decision. So, my 
first question, and I apologize if I pronounce your name wrong, 
Mr. Schatz?
    Mr. Schatz. Yes, sir.
    Mr. McGuire. So, thank you for your work to find ways to 
make the government more efficient, but I wish I could have 
asked this to the Governor, but she had three Presidential 
disasters declared in her state. And what are some things that 
you think we could have done better, more efficient, if we 
would have returned that power to the actual states or to the 
governors when they have these disasters?
    Mr. Schatz. Well, I think President Trump initially talked 
about eliminating FEMA, but then he said he would like to 
reallocate that money back to the states. The first line in any 
kind of disaster is local officials. FEMA comes in late. It 
takes a while to get the money. There is a lot of red tape. I 
think it is an area that absolutely needs to be examined. By 
the way, the other way to address this is to set up a Federal 
fund that Congress provides every year so that you do not have 
to have these special appropriations, supplemental 
appropriations, that then add on other funding for things that 
have nothing to do with the initial disaster, and a lot of 
states have these rainy day or reserve funds. I think that 
would address the different aspect of emergency spending, but 
it would also reduce the need to have FEMA run out there every 
time something happens.
    Mr. McGuire. That makes a lot of sense. When is the last 
time our government passed a budget for Congress?
    Mr. Schatz. It has only been done 4 times, I believe, since 
1974.
    Mr. McGuire. Would you agree at the rate that we are 
growing government, that we are in danger of a sovereign debt 
crisis?
    Mr. Schatz. Well, it is $36 trillion now, going to grow by 
$2 trillion annually over the next 10 years. And yes, everybody 
says, oh, when is it going to happen, but we are really robbing 
our children and grandchildren of their future when we keep 
doing this.
    Mr. McGuire. Yes. If we can make one best decision to fix 
this, what would you do?
    Mr. Schatz. Oh, part of what this Committee is doing today 
is determine which programs are essential, which are functions 
that only the government should be doing and if the private 
sector can do it. President Reagan talked about the Yellow 
Pages test. Now, there are no more yellow pages, but pretty 
common sense to have a business answer or have the private 
sector do something, usually it is more efficient or at least 
match them, see which performs better.
    Mr. McGuire. Thank you. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Mr. Bell.
    Mr. Bell. Thank you. Today marks just over 2 weeks since 
the Trump Administration took office. In the last 16 days, we 
have witnessed an unprecedented, full-blown attack on Federal 
workers and the services they provide to people at home in our 
districts, a power grab by the DOGE and unelected officials, 
like Elon Musk, that have the ear of the President. So, to my 
colleagues, I am not surprised by the President's executive 
orders, but as a prosecutor, the rule of law matters.
    I hear about telework and we need to get people back to 
work, but several of my colleagues and myself went to USAID, 
and the Administration had told them to telework and to stay 
home. So, I am a bit confused on the value of these arguments, 
or what have you. The President has instituted a hiring freeze, 
slapped Federal workplaces with hostile and counterproductive 
policy changes, took action to potentially purge large swaths 
of the Federal workforce, and weaponize career professionals by 
threatening involuntary reassignments. Trump also sent Federal 
employees an email offering them free pay and benefits until 
September 2025, if they agree to resign on by February 6. Dr. 
Resh, will this approach lead to the retention of our best and 
brightest Federal workers?
    Dr. Resh. No, it will not. When they have blanket fires, 
again, the people who stay are likely to be the poorest 
performers. The ones that go under those conditions are likely 
to be those that are more competitive on an occupational job 
market, and so, therefore, it will likely lead to brain drain 
as opposed to the retention of the best employees.
    Mr. Bell. And let me ask you this. What would accepting 
this offer mean for Federal workers across the country, 
including the nearly 13,000 Federal workers in my district?
    Dr. Resh. Well, first of all, I am not sure that accepting 
it is legal in terms of saying that if you do not do it by 
February 6, but if you do do it, that you will be put on 
administrative leave and paid through September 30. I believe 
the cap on any type of action like that is $20,000. That would 
not meet the several months that most employees are using.
    Mr. Bell. Trump also took the----
    Dr. Resh. I mean, already making. Sorry. Sorry.
    Mr. Bell. That is OK. Trump also took the unprecedented and 
illegal move of freezing trillions of dollars in Federal 
funding, throwing the entire country in the chaos. I spoke with 
Dr. Kendra Holmes, head of Affinia Healthcare, who feared that 
this would impact their ability to provide essential and 
critical care at their community health centers. I spoke with 
Dwayne Butler, the CEO of People's Health Centers in St. Louis, 
who said the action would have a significant adverse impact on 
not only healthcare centers, but so many other federally funded 
companies and programs. The Missouri Department of Elementary 
and Secondary Education had to pause payments to daycare 
providers, and school districts in St. Louis County were 
concerned about their ability to feed and support their 
students. Dr. Resh, did the Administration's actions reflect 
standard operating procedure for rightsizing our government?
    Dr. Resh. No, they do not. In fact, they increase 
inefficiencies. Many of our partners, whether they be private 
sector partners, universities, nonprofits, first of all, have 
to also pause their operations. They have uncertainty in the 
reliability of the Federal Government as a partner, and, yes, I 
think that is enough to get the picture.
    Mr. Bell. Our Federal workers go to work every day 
dedicated to serving the American people. They are the reason 
that communities across the country receive critical Federal 
funds that support healthcare, safety, education, and 
infrastructure. They deliver congressionally mandated services 
and administer congressionally directed funds. The Trump 
Administration should be supporting them in their mission to 
deliver the best possible services to the American people, not 
making that mission impossible. We cannot and will not allow a 
takeover of our government or our democracy. Thank you, and I 
yield my time to the Ranking Member.
    Mr. Connolly. I thank the gentleman for what he just said, 
and I know that my constituents, as well as his, who work for 
the Federal Government, appreciate it. Thank you.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Mr. Gill from Texas.
    Mr. Gill. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you for 
putting on this hearing. You know what? It is great to be on 
the side of the aisle after having won a massive mandate from 
the American people, President Trump, of course, winning not 
only the Electoral College, but the popular vote, delivering us 
a Majority in the House and in the Senate. It is kind of funny 
to me because we have seen such outrage over DOGE, as if this 
is something that is new.
    Whenever I have been talking to my constituents in North 
Texas for months and months and months about President Trump 
coming to the White House and getting Elon Musk involved in 
cleaning up waste in our Federal Government, it seems to me 
that leftists are apoplectic, not because our tax dollars are 
being wasted on idiotic things, but because all of it is being 
exposed all of the sudden, which I think is certainly a 
beautiful thing. So much of this government waste has been 
operating in the shadows where the American people do not know 
about it and has been largely unaccounted for, and so many of 
these programs would not exist and will not exist now that they 
are being exposed.
    I could give so many examples of wasteful spending, but I 
would like to name just a few and get you all's opinion on 
these. Just recently, the Department of Health and Human 
Services spent over $400,000 studying whether lonely rats seek 
cocaine more often than happy rats do. Mr. Schatz, thank you 
for being here. I would like to ask you, do you think that that 
is a responsible use of taxpayer dollars?
    Mr. Schatz. No, it is not, and those are the examples that 
get people interested in doing more about wasteful spending. 
They are silly, but it is where their money is going.
    Mr. Gill. That is exactly right, and, Mr. Resh, let me ask 
you, do you think that it is responsible for the Federal 
Government to tax working-class American citizens to pay for 
studies that cost over $400,000, asking whether lonely rats 
seek cocaine more often than happy rats do?
    Dr. Resh. I have no position on that particular policy. I 
would need to know more.
    Mr. Gill. You have no position on whether we should be----
    Dr. Resh. I would need to know much more----
    Mr. Gill [continuing]. Spending taxpayer dollars getting 
rats high on cocaine?
    Dr. Resh. I know that addiction is an important problem, 
and if it leads to insights that lead to reductions in 
addiction, I am sure that it has a multiplying effect. If that 
is the case, you would have to see the indicator.
    Mr. Gill. I agree. I am going to reclaim my time here. I 
agree that addiction is a very serious problem, but I doubt 
that the plumbers, and electricians, and working-class citizens 
of North Texas, that I represent, are going to be very happy 
whenever they find out that they are paying to get rats high. 
Let me give you another example. We have recently spent 
$123,000 to teach youth in Kyrgyzstan how to go viral. Mr. 
Schatz, do you think that that is a good use of taxpayer 
dollars?
    Mr. Schatz. No, I do not.
    Mr. Gill. I do not either. What about you, Mr. Resh?
    Dr. Resh. I have no position.
    Mr. Gill. No position. OK. Got it. Let us do another one 
then. We have recently spent over $3 million from the 
Department of State for girl-centered climate action. Mr. 
Schatz, is that an appropriate use of our tax dollars?
    Mr. Schatz. I do not think so.
    Mr. Gill. Mr. Resh?
    Dr. Resh. No position.
    Mr. Gill. No position. Got it. What about, you know, over 
the past 4 years, the United States has had a grotesque border 
crisis that was created by the Federal Government in the Biden 
administration. Nevertheless, we spent over $2 million for 
border security in Paraguay. Mr. Schatz, let me ask you, do you 
think that that is an appropriate use, given the context of 
American taxpayer dollars?
    Mr. Schatz. Well, only if it impacted immigrants or 
whatever you want to call them, people coming to the United 
States illegally. That might have some merit, but it depends on 
the purpose.
    Mr. Gill. I agree. What about you, Mr. Resh?
    Dr. Resh. Again, it depends on the purpose and the outcome.
    Mr. Gill. Got it. I think that that is incredibly 
enlightening. You know, over the past couple weeks really, we 
have seen all of the nonsensical areas that we found that our 
tax dollars have gone to. Our taxpayer dollars, we just found 
out today, are being sent to left-wing media outlets, like 
Politico and the BBC. We have known for a long time that our 
tax dollars are funding NPR and PBS. We have seen our tax 
dollars go to left-wing NGOs. And I think that the takeaway is 
that large portions of the left's institutional ecosystem are 
dependent upon taxpayer subsidies, and I think that that is a 
problem. I am thrilled DOGE is here because we are going to get 
rid of it. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I yield my time.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Ms. Simon.
    Ms. Simon. Good afternoon, Mr. Chair and Ranking Member, 
and thank you, witnesses, for coming to speak with us today. I 
really appreciate the conversation, and like much of the 
testimony and conversations I am hoping to have and hear during 
my time in Oversight, I think that there are spaces where we 
should all agree government should be more efficient, 
absolutely. As someone who went through college and had to 
bring my baby to childcare, I get it. I understand. And I 
remember when that childcare was shut down, I could not go to 
class. I could not go to my night job. I get it. I am right 
there with so much of the conversation.
    What is interesting, though, to me, is last week when I 
returned to my district, I went to go visit, like many Members, 
organizations that are providing work on the ground for almost 
vulnerable populations. I was prepared to offer a check that an 
organization, East Bay Asian Local Development Corporation, had 
earned through a grant process to extend housing to elderly 
Asian Americans in the East Bay. Again, these are the 
descendants of the folks who built the West, elderly folks 
seeking and needing low-income housing. Clearly, they are not 
going to get that money right now. Housing is on the line, as 
is child care, as is Medicaid, as is Medicare. After this 
meeting, I will go and visit the president of a children's 
hospital. He is in my office right now, and I went to go 
literally sit with the folks in the NICU last week. Care is in 
jeopardy. There is a heart transplant that is in jeopardy, a 
small child. I would like for us to look in the faces of that 
parent.
    What is really interesting to me--I actually have a 
question for you, Dr. Resh. Like you, I have had this amazing 
benefit to study government budgeting. I have an M.P.A. with a 
focus on municipal and Federal finance. I have a lot to learn, 
as we all do. But in understanding where we are in this push by 
DOGE and our colleagues to look at government spending, which I 
agree we have got to figure it out, I am curious because this 
rip-off we are talking about. Again, halting essential services 
for people to live in communities--where there is waste, let us 
get rid of it--but by freezing basic services?
    I want to ask you this. By weakening the country's social 
service structure within a week, causing chaos, would you agree 
with me that instead of going after the Department of 
Education, again, if you have a young woman in college and she 
is abused, the Department of Education has an infrastructure to 
investigate that rape. I can go on and on. They do. We get rid 
of the Department of Ed, what happens there? Instead of going 
after the Department of Ed and USAID, wouldn't it make a lot of 
sense for us to think about other areas that are right in our 
face?
    Listen, the constituents of California's 12th District are 
paying over $6 billion in tax dollars for DoD. That could pay 
for 35,000 registered nurses per year and salaries of 50,000 
elementary school teachers. If we are serious, sir, about 
rightsizing our government, I would recommend that we start 
there in an institution, in a Department that has failed seven 
audits--seven audits--with an estimated multitrillion dollars 
of waste and abuse in contracts that go to private companies. I 
would love to know, Dr. Resh, your thoughts are on where we 
should start.
    Dr. Resh. Congresswoman, thank you for the question. I 
would just like to note that throughout this testimony, I have 
been asked questions about a very, very insignificant 
proportion of our Federal budget, and that is domestic 
discretionary spending. If the Committee is serious about 
rightsizing government in terms of dollars, that very tiny 
proportion of our overall Federal budget has seemed to be the 
focus throughout this meeting. A $14,000 grant to something 
through AID is nothing compared to the nondiscretionary funds. 
But if we were talking about the Department of Defense, it is 
not subject to some of the same scrutiny as well as these 
programs that offer social services, and so on down the line.
    Ms. Simon. Thank you to all the witnesses that came today 
and thank you, Dr. Resh, for your answer. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair recognizes Mr. Jack from Georgia.
    Mr. Jack. Well, thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you for 
letting me get a little exercise this morning. I appreciate 
that. I want to start by saying, throughout this hearing, I 
have heard over and over and over again from our colleagues on 
the other side, Elon Musk's name invoked, and to me, it rings 
very similar to what I experienced over the last 9 years I have 
worked for President Trump. It seems like the Democrat playbook 
from 2015 through 2025 has been to singularly target one 
individual and over and over and over, repeat talking points 
against that individual, and some pre-political advice, in 
2016, it did not work. In 2020, House Republicans gained seats. 
In 2022, we gained seats. In 2024, Donald Trump delivered one 
of the most impressive historic landslide victories we have 
ever seen, and it is because he offers solutions to the 
American people, and that is exactly what we, House 
Republicans, are doing.
    I want to spend my time today engaging with Mr. Schatz, 
talking about a solution that I campaigned on, something that 
really resonated with the constituents across my district. And 
I will predicate by noting I am probably one of the few Members 
on this Committee who actually was a Federal employee. From 
2017 to 2021, I served in the Executive Office of the President 
as the President's White House Political Director. And one of 
the things that I was tasked with while working for the 
President was helping move departments and agencies outside of 
Washington, DC, so that they could be headquartered in areas 
that are more reflective of the people they are targeting or 
designed to serve.
    And, Mr. Schatz, in your testimony, I very much appreciated 
you noting that 17 of the 24 agencies only use an average of 25 
percent of Agency headquarters office space, American taxpayers 
paying for office space that is not being used, and it is one 
of the things that I am very passionate about. In 2019, we 
relocated large agencies in the Department of the Interior to 
Colorado. We found a lot of success in doing so. So, I just 
would love to get your thoughts and comments on that. I think 
that is an innovative solution that this Congress can move 
forward and something President Trump campaigned on, and I am 
so proud the American people gave him the victory and 
affirmation for that.
    Mr. Schatz. Well, thank you, Congressman, and we completely 
agree with that concept because it would enable the Federal 
Government to work more closely with state agencies that, in 
many cases, perform a lot of the same functions, and that is 
another form of duplication. That is not necessarily turning 
those functions over to the states, but it is determining where 
it might be more effective and more efficient, and deliver 
those services. And just briefly, the objective of an agency 
should be to deliver a service to someone, period, and then 
determine how that gets done and then determine how much it 
costs, and the reverse is true. It is spend the money, and if 
that does not work, spend more money, and do not take the time 
to figure out what works. This would be very helpful to 
reaching that conclusion.
    Mr. Jack. Well, in that vein, and as my esteemed colleague 
to my left, Mr. Gill, noted, all the money previously spent by 
USAID, I have to imagine the people of Texas's 26th 
congressional District or Georgia's 3d congressional District 
would not have made those decisions had they been employees at 
that Agency headquarters.
    And in that vein, I just want to also note for the record, 
you would have to drive an hour from where we sit right now to 
reach a precinct that voted for President Trump. Yet, of 
course, we saw a landslide victory across our country. To me, 
you need a Federal workforce that is reflective of the balance 
that America is, and in this general area, we have got 90 
percent-95 percent Democrat participation in elections. To me, 
that is from where our Federal workforce is coming. That is why 
we have so many problems that we have discussed here today.
    I also want to note, Mr. Schatz, your leadership at 
Citizens Against Government Waste has led to trillions of 
dollars of savings for Americans. You have done an incredible 
service to your country, and I just want to close with a final 
question to you. Based on your wealth and knowledge and 
experience, what are the most prominent patterns or locations 
that you find waste, fraud, and abuse in our Federal 
Government? Any advice to the Committee before I finish?
    Mr. Schatz. Well, it runs across all agencies. And I would 
note on the Department of Defense, when the Grace Commission 
made its recommendations and found $424.4 billion in savings, 
25 percent of that was in the Department of Defense. As has 
been noted, they failed an audit. Joint Strike Fighter is 
pretty much of a mess. Less than half, about 55 percent, of 
them are available for use, so the procurement system needs a 
lot of reform. Information technology, 80 percent of the 
systems are legacy systems, and some of them, they are so old 
that you cannot find people to fix them or service them, and 
that is an investment, in our view, that is worth making. 
Upgrade those systems, and then people will be able to find out 
from the click of a button, you know, what is going on with 
their money, and that would be extremely helpful for 
transparency, accountability, and more efficiency.
    Mr. Jack. Well, I am grateful for your testimony today. I 
hope every Committee Member reads all the innovative solutions 
that you have offered us. And likewise, I hope my colleagues 
join me in helping relocate our departments and agencies 
outside of Washington, DC. I yield back to our distinguished 
Chairman, Mr. Comer.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. The Chair 
recognizes Mr. Min from California.
    Mr. Min. Mr. Schatz, Dr. Resh, thank you for testifying 
today. Now, this hearing is happening because of Republican 
concerns about the size of our government, but I would submit 
they are missing basic economics here and, particularly, the 
chapter on public goods. As a reminder, public goods are things 
that governments provide that we all benefit from. National 
defense, infrastructure, education, police, firefighting, air 
traffic control, all examples of public goods. And the most 
important thing to recognize is that these are all things that 
private markets typically do not provide on their own. So, when 
we are talking about making cuts to the FAA budget for air 
traffic controllers, understand that no one is going to fill 
that gap to make our skies safer. When we cut the budget for 
FDA and USDA inspections, no one is going to step up to come 
and ensure that our foods and drugs are safe. That is why the 
government provides these things.
    Now, I realize it makes for a great talking point to talk 
about getting rid of waste in government, and I am sure there 
are many examples we can point to. I know my colleagues have 
pointed to some, if we look closely enough. Just as I am sure 
we can find lots of examples of waste and corruption in large 
private companies as well, but here is the thing. The reality 
is that what you are looking for is just not possible at the 
scale you are talking about.
    Elon Musk and many of my colleagues on the Republican side 
of the aisle have publicly stated that their intention is to 
cut $2 trillion from the Federal budget. The problem is that 
this is just bad math, and, yes, I am Asian, and yes, I am 
pretty good at math, but you do not have to be very good at 
math to understand this.
    [Chart]
    Mr. Min. The chart behind me illustrates very clearly the 
entire domestic discretionary budget that is the primary focus 
of today's hearing is only $917 billion. You can cut 
everything--education, food safety, air traffic safety, 
wildfire prevention, affordable housing, the FBI, the DOJ--and 
you are still not even halfway to the amount that Elon Musk and 
the Republicans are trying to cut. You can fire every single 
person in the Federal Government. That is 4 percent of the 
Federal budget, a tiny fraction of what you are looking to cut 
right now. You can cut all military spending, $805 billion. You 
are still not there.
    So, let us be realistic and talk about what is really at 
stake here. When we are talking about $2 trillion, we are 
talking about nondiscretionary spending, which is a fancy way 
of saying Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid. These are 
earned benefits, the checks that my mom and dad rely on for 
their retirement, that your moms and dads and grandmas and 
grandpas rely on, that they spent their lifetimes paying into. 
And let us be clear: this is what Elon Musk and many of my 
Republican colleagues are targeting right now. They have made 
it very clear with their statements, such as when Nancy Mace in 
March 2023 called for a huge cut to Social Security saying, 
``Everything is on the table.''
    And so that brings me to my first question. Dr. Resh, I 
assume you are familiar with the United States Constitution?
    Dr. Resh. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Min. Article I, Section 1 states, ``All legislative 
powers herein granted shall be vested in the Congress of the 
United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of 
Representatives.'' Article I, Section 9 gives exclusive 
authority for appropriations to Congress. Are you aware of any 
provisions in the Constitution that allow the President of the 
United States to unilaterally take away Congress' legislative 
and appropriations authority?
    Dr. Resh. I am not.
    Mr. Min. Are you aware of any provisions in the 
Constitution that allow a special governmental employee 
appointed by the President to take away Congress' powers?
    Dr. Resh. I am not.
    Mr. Min. Are you aware of any references in the 
Constitution to efficiency?
    Dr. Resh. I am not.
    Mr. Min. That is right because they do not exist. Because 
efficiency, while important, is not something that the founders 
thought was a constitutional priority. Founders were very aware 
that democracy was a messy and inefficient way of running a 
government. It would be far more efficient to have a monarch or 
dictator decide how to fund programs rather than have 435 
members of the House and 100 senators debate and deliberate and 
vote about it. But this country was not founded as a monarchy, 
not founded as a dictatorship because we expressly decided that 
democratic representation, as inefficient as it might be, was 
more important than pure efficiency, and that is the point that 
my Republican colleagues need to recognize.
    We can debate our views on Social Security and Medicare and 
government spending. In fact, it is critically important that 
we do that, but those debates belong here in Congress. And we 
should not lose sight of the fact that Elon Musk, an unelected 
billionaire, is playing God with the Federal Government, 
deciding at whim which programs and agencies he wants to 
``delete'' at the flip of a switch. Elmo has gained control 
over our Federal payment systems. He has universally declared 
that certain agencies we have created here in Congress are 
terminated. He has locked Federal employees out of their 
systems, and he is threatening to end Federal disbursements 
that he does not like. This is all illegal and grossly 
unconstitutional. The United States of America is not a 
monarchy, it is not a dictatorship, and Elon Musk is breaking 
the law repeatedly by taking Congress' legislative authority.
    So, to my Republican colleagues, I want to plead with you. 
This is not a partisan issue. It is your authority here in 
Congress that is being stolen by Elon Musk right now. If you do 
not speak up, you are going to permanently lose your 
legislative authority. We all swore an oath to support and 
defend the Constitution of the United States, and that is what 
I am asking you all to do. We have an obligation to uphold the 
rule of law and defend the Constitution against this 
unprecedented assault. I yield to the Ranking Member.
    Mr. Connolly. I have 3 seconds, so thank you. I thank the 
gentleman for his observations and for his cogent points.
    Mr. Min. I also would like to request unanimous consent to 
enter into the record a New York Times article titled, ``U.S. 
Agencies Fund and Fight with Elon Musk. A Trump Presidency 
Could Give Him More of Them''----
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Mr. Min [continuing]. Which describes how Elon Musk's work 
``promised $3 billion across nearly 100 different contracts 
last year with 17 Federal agencies.''
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered. We got it.
    Mr. Min. Thank you, Mr. Chair.
    Mr. Connolly. I also have a unanimous consent request, Mr. 
Chairman. I ask unanimous consent that the statements of the 
American Federation of Government Employees and National Active 
and Retired Federal Employees be entered into the record.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Mr. Connolly. And I further ask unanimous consent that the 
article, ``DOGE Aides Search Medicare Agency,'' also be entered 
into the record.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Mr. Connolly. I thank the Chair.
    Chairman Comer. The Chair organizes Ms. Tlaib.
    Ms. Tlaib. Thank you so much, Mr. Chair. Since we are 
entering items to the record, it is really important, as I do a 
lot of these question lines, to center it around my 
constituents and my residents, who very much feel like there is 
so much instability and chaos right now. So, if I may, I would 
like to submit a letter from the CEO and founder of Cody Rouge 
Action Alliance in the 12th congressional District in Michigan, 
just about the freezing of the funds and what it meant for her 
seniors and many of the community members that she supports. 
Many of them are retirees. Many of them rely heavily on this 
Agency to, again, supplement the high cost of living right now 
for many of our families. And so if I may, I would ask 
unanimous consent to, again, send this letter.
    Chairman Comer. Without objection, so ordered.
    Ms. Tlaib. Thank you. You know, I want to cut through the 
B.S. because I am from Detroit, and we like to speak truth to 
power and be very honest. You know, the American people feel 
very much we are in a constitutional crisis. They cannot 
understand, you know, this billionaire. I do not even know 
really how to describe him. Of course he is the richest man in 
the world, and to think that he can just walk in to an agency 
that I can tell you for many of my families from Social 
Security and Medicare, I mean, it is literally part of how they 
survive in our country, and it is not just about the private 
information. It is about this person--the fact that they did 
not get to elect him. He is not held accountable to them, the 
community, the public, and so they are very much living in fear 
right now, and we are in a constitutional crisis.
    One of the things that I continue to talk to our Ranking 
Member about and thinking about, even the folks that voted for 
the President and others, if I was to ask the American people, 
do you think Elon Musk cares about you? Do they think that he 
cares about your disabled child that relies on Department of 
Education services through the IDEA Act? Do you think he cares 
for any of our families right now, no matter how hard they 
work, they are still in survivor mode, not thriving in our 
country? The disconnect that his own lived experience will 
never ever be able to connect to that family in North Dakota, 
to the teacher in Detroit, to the child living and trying to 
survive through the education program, living with autism, and 
so much more. And so I am just curious. I mean, really, do you 
think Elon Musk cares about the American people, Mr. Schatz?
    Mr. Schatz. I do not think that is the issue. I think the 
question is what is going to be done about the $36 trillion 
debt and the $2 trillion debt.
    Ms. Tlaib. Yes. So, you want to talk about the debt, but 
the Congress, they are in control. Why not go through the 
public process? If you want to make cuts, then vote to cut it. 
Why are you having this person do it? Are you giving him your 
power as an elected person representing 750,000 people? You 
represent the equal number of people as I do. I want to get a 
chance to vote on this, hear from my constituents, have it be 
done in a public process. You want to deal with it, you are in 
power. You have a trifecta--the White House, the Senate, and 
the House--but, no, you want to do it this way. The cruelty of 
it, the fact that even the American people, no matter in their 
political affiliation, I am telling you right now, feel like 
they have no control over the decisions being made. Why? 
Because Members of Congress have circumvented, said, hey, we 
are good, go ahead and do it for us, go ahead, even though they 
know it is going to impact farmers, veterans, disabled 
residents, folks living with disability, and so much more. 
These infrastructures that they do not understand support all 
of our families.
    So, you can keep talking about the debt. They have control. 
They can deal with the debt if that is really what they want to 
do. Instead, they are just yielding their power to Elon Musk, 
who has, again, been unelected, and we can continue to say 
that. But one of the things, you can go around the country, is 
they do not want Elon Musk making that decision. They want 
their Member of Congress that is elected making that decision, 
Mr. Schatz. That is the problem. And I will never, and Mr. 
Chair knows this, vote your district. Come here and vote your 
district. If your district wants you to cut these various 
programs, go cut the Department of Education, then go ahead and 
vote on it. Introduce a bill to cut the Department of 
Education. You are just literally giving it to this person. It 
does not make any sense.
    Dr. Resh, do you think the American people think that Elon 
Musk cares about them?
    Dr. Resh. I do not think the American people should really 
care what he thinks. They should have someone making decisions 
who has taken an oath to the Constitution.
    Ms. Tlaib. That is actually very important, isn't it? The 
Constitution gives Congress control over the spending, not the 
President and certainly not Elon Musk. And the American people 
need to understand why that balance of government is there. It 
is to protect all of us from these kinds of decisions that are 
hurting people now. And, Mr. Chair, just know this: this is the 
same man that continues to want to cut, cut, cut, but he has 
$20 billion in Federal contracts. Can I get our money back 
because he is the richest man on earth, and he is still taking 
a handout from us, the public. $20 billion, Mr. Chair. If it is 
really about that, and not about hurting these public 
infrastructures, which really are critical and important for, I 
guess, the most vulnerable. And really, you would be surprised 
how many people in your community and in your districts, no 
matter, again, political affiliation, will be harmed by these 
decisions that, again, overpass the congressional public 
process. It is our constitutional duty and responsibility to be 
able to authorize spending and cuts. We should be able to do 
it, not Elon Musk. With that, I yield.
    Chairman Comer. The gentlelady yields. That concludes our 
questions. In closing, I want to thank our witnesses once again 
for their testimony today. I am now going to yield to the 
Ranking Member for some brief closing remarks.
    Mr. Connolly. I thank the Chair, and I thank our witnesses. 
We have spent the entirety of this hearing under the rubric of 
rightsizing government as if we all know presumptively what the 
right size is, which, of course, nobody does. In fact, it is 
not even necessarily a sensical question. But we have ignored 
half of what should be involved in any enterprise, business, 
nonprofit, or government, and that is the revenue side of the 
picture. You cannot rightsize, whatever that means, government 
by only looking at expenditures and investments. You have got 
to look at how we finance it. Does anyone think that Elon Musk, 
in running Tesla, had a meeting when he took it over and said 
to his management crew, whatever we do, we are never again 
discussing or modifying the price of a Tesla, whatever it is 
today, it is frozen forever, and all company profits will be 
derived from expenditure cuts? Of course not.
    I heard the Governor of Iowa say we ought to run government 
like a business. Well, then run it like a business, and that 
means there are two sides to the ledger, revenue as well as 
expenditure. I also heard the Governor of Iowa say that there 
is nothing wrong with looking at the enterprise and making 
recommendations. I could not agree more, but that is not what 
Elon Musk and company are doing. They are taking a wrecking 
ball to the Federal Government. They are firing people. They 
are intruding in very sensitive data bases. They are 
threatening to close down entire departments and agencies of 
the Federal Government without any mandate, without any 
confirmation by the U.S. Senate, and without a howdy-do by the 
Congress of the United States. This Committee and Congress 
cannot be supine in the face of that threat. We must play our 
legitimate role, and if my colleagues on the other side can 
muster a majority to in fact shut down these agencies, then so 
be it, but it cannot be something delegated to an unelected 
billionaire oligarch from South Africa. I yield back.
    Chairman Comer. The gentleman yields back. I must say, 
there has been a virus that has been spreading throughout the 
inside of Congress for the past 4 years. It is called Trump 
derangement syndrome, but it appears over the last week it has 
mutated now into Musk derangement syndrome. And all we have 
here is a business guy, an outsider, much like many outsiders 
and many business people on the local and state levels all over 
America that have been asked essentially to serve on a board to 
make recommendations, to make government more efficient. What a 
noble idea on the Federal level.
    And we welcome Elon Musk. We welcome any individual in 
America who has ideas on making government more efficient. But 
I will say this publicly, to make government more efficient and 
to live within our means, which is what the American people 
voted for in November, we are going to have to make cuts. We 
are going to have to reduce the size of government, and that is 
not going to be an easy task. It is easy to spend money. 
Everybody is popular when they are spending unlimited amounts 
of money and doing check presentations, and things like that, 
but when it gets to making cuts, that is tough. That is what 
people in the private sector have to do every day. That is what 
people who work and pay taxes and struggle to make ends meet 
have to do every day. They have to make tough financial 
decisions.
    Congress has been immune for that for a long time, but the 
day has come and the American people have spoken to where we 
are going to have to tighten our belts, and that is what, at 
least my side of the aisle, is committed to doing, and we are 
going to work with DOGE. We are going to work with the Trump 
Administration. We are going to work with all of his Cabinet 
secretaries. We are willing to work with Democrats across the 
aisle on sincere ideas to make government more efficient, to 
end duplicative services, to reduce wasteful spending. That is 
what we want to do. That is what this hearing was about. And I 
want to thank our witnesses who came here today to testify 
about that.
    With that and without objection, all Members have 5 
legislative days within which to submit materials and 
additional written questions for the witnesses, which will be 
forwarded to the witnesses.
    If there is no further business, without objection, the 
Committee stands adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 2:44 p.m., the Committee was adjourned.]

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