[House Hearing, 119 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                 HOPE ON THE HORIZON: PRIORITIZING SMALL 
                  BUSINESS GROWTH IN THE 119TH CONGRESS

=======================================================================

                                HEARING

                              BEFORE THE

                      COMMITTEE ON SMALL BUSINESS
                             UNITED STATES
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS

                             FIRST SESSION

                               __________

                              HEARING HELD
                            FEBRUARY 5, 2025

                               __________

[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
                               

            Small Business Committee Document Number 119-001
             Available via the GPO Website: www.govinfo.gov
             
                                __________

                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
58-532                  WASHINGTON : 2025                  
          
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                  HOUSE COMMITTEE ON SMALL BUSINESS

                    ROGER WILLIAMS, Texas, Chairman
                        PETE STAUBER, Minnesota
                        DAN MEUSER, Pennsylvania
                         BETH VAN DUYNE, Texas
                           JAKE ELLZEY, Texas
                         MARK ALFORD, Missouri
                         NICK LALOTA, New York
                        BRAD FINSTAD, Minnesota
                          TONY WIED, Wisconsin
                      ROB BRESNAHAN, Pennsylvania
                          BRIAN JACK, Georgia
                         TROY DOWNING, Montana
             KIMBERLYN KING-HINDS, Northern Marina Islands
                         DEREK SCHMIDT, Kansas
               NYDIA VELAZQUEZ, New York, Ranking Member
                       MORGAN MCGARVEY, Kentucky
                       HILLARY SCHOLTEN, Michigan
                      LAMONICA MCIVER, New Jersey
                        GIL CISNEROS, California
                       KELLY MORRISON, Minnesota
                        GEORGE LATIMER, New York
                         DEREK TRAN, California
                       LATEEFAH SIMON, California
                       JOHNNY OLSZEWSKI, Maryland
                        HERB CONWAY, New Jersey
                    MAGGIE GOODLANDER, New Hampshire

                 Lauren Holmes, Majority Staff Director
                 Melissa Jung, Minority Staff Director
                           
                           C O N T E N T S

                           OPENING STATEMENTS

                                                                   Page
Hon. Roger Williams..............................................     1
Hon. Nydia Velazquez.............................................     2

                               WITNESSES

Mr. Karl Hutter, Chief Executive Officer, Click Bond, Inc., 
  Carson City, NV................................................     5
Mr. Bill New, President and Owner, New Industries, Morgan City, 
  LA.............................................................     7
Ms. Alice Frazier, President and Chief Executive Officer, Bank of 
  Charles Town, Charles Town, WV.................................     8
Ms. Molly Moon Neitzel, Founder and Chief Executive Officer, 
  Molly Moon's Homemade Ice Cream, Seattle, WA...................    10

                                APPENDIX

Prepared Statements:
    Mr. Karl Hutter, Chief Executive Officer, Click Bond, Inc., 
      Carson City, NV............................................    48
    Mr. Bill New, President and Owner, New Industries, Morgan 
      City, LA...................................................    58
    Ms. Alice Frazier, President and Chief Executive Officer, 
      Bank of Charles Town, Charles Town, WV.....................    61
    Ms. Molly Moon Neitzel, Founder and Chief Executive Officer, 
      Molly Moon's Homemade Ice Cream, Seattle, WA...............    74
Questions for the Record:
    None.
Answers for the Record:
    None.
Additional Material for the Record:
    Associated Builders and Contractors (ABC)....................    76
    Canada Prime Minister Document...............................    78
    Defense Credit Union Council (DCUC)..........................    79
    PIIE Document................................................    81
    Small Business Investor Alliance (SBIA)......................    96

 
 HOPE ON THE HORIZON: PRIORITIZING SMALL BUSINESS GROWTH IN THE 119TH 
                                CONGRESS

                              ----------                              


                      WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 2025

                  House of Representatives,
               Committee on Small Business,
                                                    Washington, DC.
    The Committee met, pursuant to call, at 10:01 a.m., in Room 
2360, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Roger Williams 
[chairman of the Committee] presiding.
    Present: Representatives Williams, Stauber, Meuser, Van 
Duyne, Ellzey, Alford, LaLota, Finstad, Wied, Bresnahan, Jack, 
Downing, King-Hinds, Velazquez, McGarvey, Scholten, McIver, 
Cisneros, Morrison, Latimer, Tran, Simon, Olszewski, Conaway, 
and Goodlander.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. Before we get started, I want to 
recognize Mr. Alford from the great State of Missouri to lead 
us in the pledge and the prayer.
    Mr. ALFORD. Thank you.
    Well, God, we are just so thankful to be here today as a 
Committee to just try to make America better through small 
business.
    I thank you for the witnesses who have come here today, 
paid their own way to be here, to testify and to take 
questions.
    God, let us operate in a manner of civility and love.
    And I just appreciate all the Members of this Committee and 
the Ranking Member and the Chair for their dedication.
    Just bless us, bless our time together, for the betterment 
for the United States of America.
    Through Jesus Christ, I pray.
    Amen.
    I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of 
America and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation, 
under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. Good morning, everyone, and I want to 
now call the Committee on Small Business to order.
    Without objection, the Chair is authorized to declare a 
recess of the Committee at any time.
    I now recognize myself for my opening statement.
    Welcome to the first Committee on Small Business hearing of 
the 119th Congress.
    I want to extend my gratitude to our witnesses for being 
here also today. And I know many of you traveled to share your 
experiences with us and your perspectives, and we deeply value 
your time and your voice.
    The Committee on Small Business is proud to represent the 
hardworking men and women of Main Street America here in 
Washington. Our mission today and every day is to listen, 
learn, and better understand the challenges and the 
opportunities impacting the American people, particularly those 
who build and sustain small businesses nationwide.
    Small-business owners are not just entrepreneurs; they are 
job creators, community leaders, and the backbone of economic 
opportunity for millions of Americans. Small-business ownership 
reflects the very essence of the American Dream--the 
opportunity for any person, from any background, to take a 
risk, work hard, and build a better future for themselves and 
their families.
    Our economy depends on small businesses and the workers 
they employ. From local manufacturers to retail employees, 
service workers and bankers, they are the heartbeat of our 
economy, shaping our communities through their dedication, 
creativity, and resilience.
    Over the past 4 years, Main Street America has faced 
historic challenges--stifling regulations, record-breaking 
inflation, supply-chain disruptions, high interest rates, and a 
national labor shortage. Despite these challenges, the men and 
women of main street have proven time and time again their 
strength and ability to adapt. These individuals embody the 
grit, the innovation, and perseverance that make the nation 
great.
    So this Congress, alongside President Trump, will once 
again prioritize policies that support Main Street America, 
strengthen economic opportunity, and create an environment 
where small businesses can grow and create jobs.
    Today, we celebrate the critical role each small business 
plays in building and sustaining their communities. We look 
forward to hearing from our witnesses on how increased small-
business optimism and a promising economic landscape will help 
Main Street America.
    There is hope on the horizon for small businesses, thanks 
to President Trump's pro-business commitment to lowering taxes 
and cutting regulations. It is time to turn the page on the 
past 4 years and focus on the future for Main Street America 
under President Trump.
    I wanted this hearing to be the first of the 119th Congress 
so we could shine a light on the great contributions and 
sacrifices of Main Street America--those who dedicate their 
days, their resources, and lives to make our nation strong.
    Before we proceed, I would like to extend a warm welcome to 
the new Members joining the Committee. We are thrilled to have 
you as part of our team and look forward to working with you 
this Congress. As Chairman, I am eager to work alongside all of 
you as we help shape policies that put the needs of Main Street 
America first.
    Now, with that, I will yield to our distinguished and my 
friend, the Ranking Member from New York, Ms. Velazquez.
    Ms. VELAZQUEZ. Good morning. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 
Again, I want to express our condolences to you. We have you 
and your family in our thoughts and prayers.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. Thank you.
    Ms. VELAZQUEZ. Good morning. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for 
holding this important hearing.
    And thank you to the witnesses for being here today.
    In just 4 short years, 22 million Americans took the leap 
of faith and started a small business--a record high for a 
single Presidential term. Our nation saw an unprecedented 
small-business boom and economic comeback in the face of an 
equally unprecedented global pandemic and recession.
    Everyday Americans and entrepreneurs receive essential 
investments from the American Rescue Plan Act, Bipartisan 
Infrastructure Law, CHIPS and Science Act, and Inflation 
Redaction Act--historic victories that laid a strong foundation 
for our economic recovery. The data shows that this foundation 
is fruitful. Annual inflation is at 2.7 percent, and real GDP 
growth has accelerated to 3.1 percent in the last quarter.
    Mr. Chairman, small business is not a Democratic or 
Republican issue; it is an American issue. While we will work 
with our Republican counterparts to find common ground and do 
right by America's main streets, we will never weaken our 
commitment to make life better for our nation's small-business 
owners.
    From the tech company that started as an idea in a garage 
to more established main street retailers or the local 
restaurant, all play an important role in generating employment 
opportunities for our communities, whether they be in rural or 
urban America.
    That is the beauty of America. Anyone can have a dream and 
make it a reality and that is what millions of entrepreneurs in 
this country have done.
    Many couldn't have done it without the assistance of one of 
the SBA's programs. From lending to mentoring to marketing, the 
SBA has remained a critical resource to those with a good idea 
and employers hoping to expand.
    There is more that this committee can do to continue our 
efforts to grow the small-business economy, like investing in 
childcare, healthcare, and developing the next generation of 
workers.
    That is why today's hearing is so timely. It will allow us 
to gain valuable perspectives on how to best help entrepreneurs 
continue to do what they do best--invest in themselves, their 
communities, and their workers.
    While we may not always agree with each other on the best 
path forward, it is my hope that we will work together for the 
betterment of small employers.
    Today, we are joined by a distinguished panel of witnesses. 
This hearing is an opportunity to listen to their insights into 
the challenges facing small businesses and, specifically, how 
Congress can prioritize their needs. I look forward to hearing 
the witnesses' testimony.
    And, with that, Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. The lady yields back.
    And now I will introduce our witnesses.
    Our first witness here with us today is Mr. Karl Hutter. 
Mr. Hutter is the CEO of Click Bond, Inc., located in Carson 
City, Nevada. Mr. Hutter joined Click Bond in 2000 and has held 
various positions within the company, including the vice 
president of sales and marketing, chief operating officer, 
chief financial officer also. Before leading the sales team, 
Mr. Hutter directed the company's business development and 
applications engineering efforts across the Asia-Pacific 
region.
    Mr. Hutter is a certified airline transport pilot and a 
passionate advocate for general aviation and the aerospace 
industry as well as for American manufacturing. He also serves 
several industry associations, such as the Aerospace Industries 
Association Board of Governors, the National Association of 
Manufacturers, and the General Aviation Manufacturers 
Association.
    Mr. Hutter holds a Bachelor of Science degree in systems 
engineering and operations management from the School of 
Engineering and Applied Science at Wharton Business School of 
the University of Pennsylvania. He also is a graduate of Penn's 
Jerome Fisher Management and Technology Program.
    So thank you for joining us here today.
    Our next witness is Mr. Bill New. Mr. New is the founder, 
owner, and president of New Industries, LLC, located in Morgan 
City, Louisiana. Mr. New has led the company since its founding 
in 1985. Prior to that, he worked as a structural and project 
engineer for Mobil Exploration and Production and Mobil 
Research and Development.
    Mr. New is an active volunteer, having served as president 
of the Foundation for the Louisiana School for Math, Science, 
and the Arts and currently as Co-Chairman of the Capital 
Campaign. He also has been a Board Member of the Catholic 
Foundation of South Louisiana and a longtime leader in the Boy 
Scouts of America, where he earned the rank of Eagle Scout in 
1973.
    Mr. New currently resides in Louisiana with his family. Mr. 
New holds a Bachelor of Science in ocean engineering from 
Florida Atlantic University and completed the Owner/President 
Management Program at Harvard Business School.
    So thank you for being here today, Mr. New.
    Our next witness is Ms. Alice Frazier. Ms. Frazier is 
president and CEO of Potomac Bancshares and Bank of Charles 
Town, located in Charles Town, West Virginia. Ms. Frazier has 
more than 32 years of banking experience with Cardinal 
Financial Corporation, BB&T, and Middleburg Financial 
Corporation. Prior to that, she worked for 4 years in public 
accounting with national and regional firms.
    Ms. Frazier is currently serving as Vice Chairman of the 
Independent Community Bankers of America and has previously 
served as their Executive Committee as secretary. She also 
serves on the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Board and is a 
past Chairman of the Virginia Association of Community Banks.
    Ms. Frazier has a Bachelor of Science degree from Radford 
University and is a graduate of the Stonier Graduate School of 
Banking and the USC Graduate School of Bank Investing.
    Thank you for joining us today, again. And I look forward 
to hearing from all of you.
    And now I recognize the Ranking Member from New York, Ms. 
Velazquez, to briefly introduce our last witness appearing 
before us today.
    Ms. VELAZQUEZ. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    I would like to welcome Ms. Molly Moon Neitzel, the founder 
and CEO of Molly Moon's Homemade Ice Cream, in the Seattle 
region.
    Molly Moon's opened in 2008 when Ms. Neitzel left her 
career as a political consultant and founder of the nonprofit 
Music for America to follow her dreams and her sweet tooth as a 
main street businesswoman. Now, Molly Moon's has nine 
locations, $12 million in revenue, accolades in national 
publications, and a cult following in the Seattle area.
    Ms. Neitzel is also a founding Member of Main Street 
Alliance, a small-business coalition advocating for pro-small-
business policies, including healthcare, childcare investment, 
paid family and medical leave, women's entrepreneurship 
promotion, and capital access, among others.
    Ms. Neitzel holds a bachelor's degree in journalism from 
the University of Montana.
    Welcome, and thank you for testifying today.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. Thank you.
    And we appreciate all of you being here today, again.
    And so, before recognizing the witnesses, I would like to 
remind them--we have some rules around here--that oral 
testimony is restricted to 5 minutes in length. If you get over 
that, you will hear a little of this--[gavel tapping]--and that 
means that your time is up. And if you see the light turn red 
in front of you, it means your 5 minutes has concluded and you 
should wrap up your testimony.
    So, with that in mind, I now recognize Mr. Hutter for his 
5-minute opening remarks.

STATEMENTS OF KARL HUTTER, CEO, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, CLICK 
     BOND, INC., ON BEHALF OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF 
 MANUFACTURERS; BILL NEW, PRESIDENT AND OWNER, NEW INDUSTRIES, 
 ON BEHALF OF THE NATIONAL OCEAN INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION; ALICE 
FRAZIER, PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, BANK OF CHARLES 
     TOWN, ON BEHALF OF THE INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY BANKERS 
  ASSOCIATION; AND MOLLY MOON NEITZEL, FOUNDER AND CEO, MOLLY 
    MOON'S HOMEMADE ICE CREAM, ON BEHALF OF THE MAIN STREET 
                            ALLIANCE

                    STATEMENT OF KARL HUTTER

    Mr. HUTTER. Good morning, Chairman Williams, Ranking Member 
Velazquez, and Members of the Committee. My name is Karl 
Hutter, and I am the CEO of Click Bond, an engineered products 
company in Carson City, Nevada.
    And Click Bond is a family business and one very much built 
on innovation. My parents founded the company in 1987, 
combining my dad's inventive genius with my mom's manufacturing 
background and business acumen. And today our adhesive-bonded 
fasteners are used in aviation, marine, defense, industrial 
settings around the world and even beyond, in space. And like 
many small and medium manufacturers, we are an integral part of 
the manufacturing supply chain and, in our case, of the 
nation's defense industrial base.
    However, companies like Click Bond face significant 
challenges, often stemming from Washington itself. American 
businesses now shoulder a staggering $3 trillion annually in 
regulatory costs, disproportionately impacting manufacturers.
    Unfortunately, small companies get hit twice--first with 
unworkable regulations that apply to us directly and then, as 
well, with compliance and reporting requirements that larger 
firms are forced to pass down.
    Well, fortunately, Congress and the Trump administration do 
have the opportunity to reverse course. You can do that with 
commonsense reforms such as: unwinding outdated chemicals 
reporting requirements that force us to look backwards in time 
and deep into our supply chains; and preventing unnecessary EPA 
roadblocks in State and local permitting; and in rolling back 
costly energy and labor mandates. These policies would go a 
long way toward lifting barriers on manufacturers and their 
growth.
    And, additionally, comprehensive permitting reform must be 
a priority. A predictable, streamlined permitting process will 
unlock manufacturing growth and drive new job-creating 
investments across this country.
    So, just as with regulations, our industry is facing 
significant uncertainty, cost, and burden thanks to expiring 
tax policies. To say the least, 2017 tax reform was rocket fuel 
for Click Bond. The new 21-percent corporate tax rate allowed 
us to raise wages for our production employees, invest in 
capital equipment, strengthen our employee tuition support 
program, and accelerate the timeline for constructing a new 
facility. The new 20-percent pass-through deduction likewise 
empowered our suppliers and partners to reinvest in their 
businesses, readying them to support our growth.
    But the key tax provisions began expiring in 2022 and 2023, 
and this is already harming manufacturers. It is now more 
expensive for Click Bond to conduct R&D, the very lifeblood of 
both our product and our process innovation. It is more 
expensive for us to purchase capital equipment, the very tools 
that will unleash the productivity of our team. And it is more 
expensive for us to finance job-creating investments, such as 
that state-of-the-art sustainable manufacturing facility.
    And more tax hikes are looming at the end of this year, 
including the halving of the estate tax exemption, which will 
force many family businesses to hold back on investments or 
contemplate selling pieces of their company to satisfy an 
unjust tax bill.
    Recent National Association of Manufacturers research found 
that failing to extend pro-manufacturing tax policies could 
cost the U.S. nearly 6 million jobs and $1 trillion in lost 
GDP. And that is an outcome, Mr. Chairman, that we can't 
afford. If Congress wants to preserve American innovation, 
ingenuity, and competitiveness, inaction is simply not an 
option.
    So, look, despite these challenges, I want to remain very 
optimistic, as I am, about the future of Click Bond and 
manufacturing in the United States, particularly for our small 
businesses. At Click Bond, we are ready to seize this moment, 
translating the pace of innovation and the strong global demand 
for aerospace products into job growth and export 
opportunities. The same story holds true for the small and 
medium manufacturers across our supply chain.
    As a family business, we are ready to invest--and to 
reinvest--in growth, R&D, and capital equipment to generate 
excellent careers that lift our communities, while deploying 
modern, sustainable manufacturing processes.
    And, finally, as a Member of our nation's defense 
industrial base, we are proud to do this work in service of 
strengthening our country's security and its readiness.
    Congress has a critical opportunity to right-size the 
regulatory landscape, put an end to permitting delays, and 
protect manufacturers from devastating tax increases. I 
encourage you to seize this opportunity, empower manufacturers, 
and strengthen America. Because when manufacturing wins, 
America wins.
    Thank you, and I look forward to your questions.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. Thank you very much, Mr. Hutter. Right 
on time. Thank you.
    And now I recognize Mr. New for your 5-minute opening 
remarks.

                     STATEMENT OF BILL NEW

    Mr. NEW. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member Velazquez, 
and Members of the Committee. I appreciate the opportunity to 
testify today.
    This is my first time testifying in front of a 
congressional committee, so I may stumble a little bit. Public 
speaking is not one of my strong points.
    But I am Bill New. I am the founder and the owner and the 
president of New Industries. We are a south-Louisiana-based 
steel fabricator. We build process equipment for the oil and 
gas industry, subsea equipment for producing in deepwater. We 
also build pressure vessels and things used in process plants, 
refineries, petrochemical. And we also build some agricultural 
processing equipment as well. So, basically, we cut, bend, and 
weld the steel.
    And, you know, I have been at it--I started the company in 
1985, quit my job working for an oil company. I was 28 years 
old. As most of us are when we are 28 years old, we think we 
are bulletproof and we know everything. About 2 years later, I 
figured out I didn't know anything. But, to that point, it was 
too late, so--so, been at it ever since.
    You know, I think a big misconception about the oil and gas 
industry for most people, the general public certainly, is 
that, when they think of oil and gas, they think of the 
Chevrons and the Exxons and the Shells and the BPs, but, for 
all those great big companies--and they are all customers of 
mine--you know, there are a whole lot of companies like New 
Industries, you know, small businesses that fabricate, that 
build equipment, that provide services both on shore and 
offshore. And that is really the heart of the oil and gas 
industry, is those small businesses that make it all happen.
    The oil companies, comparatively, don't actually employ 
that many people. They spend the money, but sometimes they are 
almost more like bankers than actually operators.
    And so it is very important to, you know, encourage oil and 
gas. You know, we have been through a period over the last 4 
years of issues with permitting, with lease sales. And, 
already, the new administration has already turned some of 
those things around.
    But it just takes time, you know. And the projects 
typically--a lot of projects we work on have horizons of 5 and 
10 years from the time they discover--even before they 
discover, drill the first well, until it is on production, and 
spend billions of dollars. And if we don't have consistency in 
leasing and consistency in regulation, those projects never get 
started.
    Because if you award a lease to one of the major oil 
companies today in deepwater, it will be at least probably 3 
years before they actually drill a well, because there is a lot 
of preliminary work to be done. And then, once that well is 
drilled, assuming that it is a discovery, then it will be 
several more years getting it developed, building the 
equipment, building the facility. And so that consistency of 
regulation is so important to the industry and certainly 
important to New Industries.
    Same thing with tax policy, you know. We certainly took 
advantage of the accelerated depreciation when that was there. 
We spent a lot of--invested a lot of money in equipment, big 
equipment--cranes, plate rolls, you know, big pieces of 
machinery. But it is a lot easier to pay for them when I can 
deduct the full cost of depreciation in the first year. It 
certainly helps pay for them.
    So I urge you to just continue along this path. And I am 
looking forward to the next 4 years. Our customers are much 
more optimistic since the election. Projects that had been on 
hold, I hear, now suddenly we are talking about moving forward.
    And so, you know, we are a project-based business. If our 
customers are not drilling new wells, developing new 
facilities, building new process plants, adding on to process 
plants, there is no work for us. You know, I am not like 
Walmart; I can't generate incremental sales with price. I can't 
put welders on sale this week and sell any more. I mean, if my 
customers need one, you know, they will buy it; if they don't 
need it, it doesn't matter what my price is.
    And so we are looking forward to the next 4 years. I think 
it is a pretty exciting time to be in our industry.
    Thank you.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. Thank you very much.
    I now recognize Ms. Frazier for her 5-minute opening 
remarks.

                   STATEMENT OF ALICE FRAZIER

    Ms. FRAZIER. Thank you, Chairman Williams and Ranking 
Member Velazquez and Members of this Committee.
    I am Alice Frazier, CEO of Bank of Charles Town, a 154-
year-old community bank with $877 million in assets, serving 
markets West Virginia, Maryland, and Virginia.
    I testify today on behalf of the Independent Community 
Bankers of America, where I am Vice Chairman.
    This hearing is well-timed for the new Congress and 
administration, which I can assure you has brought new hope for 
the communities I serve. The optimism is unmistakable.
    Small-business loans are almost 90 percent of our 
portfolio. And, in aggregate, community banks extend a 
disproportionate number of small-business loans, especially in 
smaller markets. We serve small businesses with customized 
products and personalized services that can only be provided by 
locally-based, on-the-ground lenders. We lend based on 
firsthand knowledge of our customers and our communities. That 
is what sets us apart from larger, out-of-market competitors.
    And, importantly, my bank is a small business, as defined 
by the SBA, and within the jurisdiction of this Committee. We 
are a small business helping small businesses. The same is true 
of thousands of community banks, many of which are family-owned 
just like the local coffee shop on main street.
    Many community banks, like my bank, are also SBA lenders, 
and we share with this Committee a commitment to protecting the 
integrity of the SBA guaranteed loan programs with stability in 
its products and services.
    Today, I want to talk about the remarkable resilience and 
the new optimism I am seeing in our markets and focus on a 
couple of proposals from our agenda for the new Congress, which 
is attached to my written statement.
    You see, the phones are ringing again with small businesses 
in my footprint eager to expand with community-bank credit. My 
written statement contains a compelling story of a restaurant-
supply company seeking credit to meet demand from new and 
upgrading restaurants. It is an example of growth based upon 
business optimism.
    And our small-business lending capacity could be further 
enhanced by regulatory and tax relief. Today's market optimism 
is based upon an expectation of new policies that will spur 
economic growth and job creation. It is our job to deliver on 
that expectation.
    Top of mind for community banks and small-business 
borrowers is the destructive impact of Section 1071 of Dodd-
Frank Act, which requires community banks to collect granular 
and invasive data on small-business loan applicants.
    Small-business lending is not and should not be a 
commodity. Underwriting is based on numerous borrower 
characteristics and market variables, and loans are typically 
customized to give borrowers the best chance of success. The 
data collected under 1071 will not reflect the full scope of 
underwriting and may suggest discrimination where none exists.
    Bank examiners are really best positioned to make this 
judgment in the application of fair lending and CRA laws. 
Section 1071 is simply the wrong tool for this job.
    Lenders will respond by standardizing loan features to 
protect themselves from charges of discrimination. But please 
keep in mind, minority and women borrowers, whom this rule is 
supposed to help, often benefit from that customized lending.
    With the new Congress and administration, you have an 
opportunity to revisit and this time fully repeal Section 1071. 
ICBA strongly supports and thanks Chairman Williams for his 
1071 Repeal to Protect Small Business Lending Act. We ask 
Members of this Committee to support this critical bill.
    A few other ICBA priorities for this Congress include 
updating regulatory thresholds so that community banks are not 
subject to regulations designed for the largest of banks. And 
doing so will create regulatory relief that will allow us to 
better serve our customers.
    And in the coming tax debate, we urge permanent extension 
of the deduction for pass-through business income under Section 
199A. The loss of this deduction would amount to a steep tax 
increase for the vast majority of small businesses, including 
nearly 1,500 Subchapter S community banks.
    Thank you for allowing the community-bank perspective, and 
I am happy to answer any questions you may have.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. Thank you very much.
    And I now recognize Ms. Moon Neitzel.
    And I heard, when the Ranking Member introduced you, ``$12 
million worth of ice cream.'' That is a lot of ice cream. So I 
am anxious to hear about that. Okay.

                STATEMENT OF MOLLY MOON NEITZEL

    Ms. NEITZEL. Thank you, Chairman.
    Chairman Williams, Ranking Member Velazquez, and Members of 
the Committee, I am honored to be here today.
    My name is Molly Moon Neitzel, CEO of Molly Moon's Homemade 
Ice Cream in Washington State. I am also a founding Member of 
the Main Street Alliance, which represents over 30,000 small 
businesses nationwide, and a proud Member of MomsRising.
    At Molly Moon's, we employ about 200 people across 9 ice 
cream shops, and our products are sold across our region. Next 
week, we will begin construction on three more locations, in 
part funded by SBA loans. We are a growing, thriving business.
    Today, we have been asked to highlight some of the real 
challenges facing small businesses and what you all can do to 
improve the health of the small-business economy.
    But the title of this hearing, ``Hope on the Horizon,'' and 
this Committee's statement that President Trump's policies put 
America first are at odds with the reality that the President's 
current and proposed actions are gutting the engine of the 
American economy--main street businesses.
    His policies have disadvantaged small businesses against 
our larger competitors in the Tax Code and created instability 
for the nation's biggest and best job creators. Small 
businesses created 65 percent of all new jobs in the past 
decade. We are the foundation of the U.S. economy.
    But there are concrete ways this Committee can support Main 
Street America.
    First, our Tax Code isn't working for main street 
businesses. We need to fix the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act to target 
199A deduction relief to smaller operators, not just big 
corporations. And the IRS must be fully funded, not gutted, in 
order to enforce the law and ensure the giant companies and the 
wealthy people who run them pay their fair share.
    Second, let's use the revenue from fair enforcement of the 
Tax Code to invest in a national childcare system, paid family 
and medical leave, and affordable healthcare.
    At Molly Moon's, we invest $1,000 per month toward 
childcare for each employee's child, and the returns have been 
tremendous. Since launching this program, we have seen a rise 
in parents able to work full-time and apply for promotions into 
management because they can now afford the childcare to work 
during our busiest hours. We have even had babies brought into 
this world because women who worked for us realized they could 
afford to grow their families with reduced childcare costs 
factored in.
    The ROI on this workforce stabilization has been huge--and 
the babies are real cute--but, as much as I love leading on 
this issue, we do it because Congress has failed to create a 
childcare infrastructure that supports our nation's workforce.
    Third, every small-business owner I know and every business 
in America is incredibly concerned about a global trade war and 
the general chaos-creation policies we have seen in the federal 
government in the last few weeks. Being so worried about what 
is coming next and trying to safeguard against it has negative 
impacts on our operations, profits, and communities.
    Small businesses depend on each other and many other 
businesses around the world. We depend on a functional Small 
Business Administration and sound economic policies.
    But any tariffs--and even the threats of them--will 
increase costs, raising prices even higher for families, 
raising inflation again. This is the opposite of President 
Trump's and many Republicans' campaign promises to America.
    As just one example, a quarter of all the produce consumed 
in the U.S. is grown in Mexico, and an ice cream shop, 
restaurant, or grocery store will be devastated by a 25-percent 
tax on those fruit and vegetable costs.
    Extrapolate that one example over all small businesses, 
most of whom operate in the global economy for ingredients, 
parts, or their whole product, and we are driving toward 
recession.
    We don't need a global trade war to destabilize our economy 
or more tax cuts for the biggest corporations. We need a fair 
Tax Code, stable economic policies, and a healthy, available 
workforce so that main street and small businesses can thrive. 
With your help, I hope a bright future for small business is 
possible.
    Thank you, and I am happy to answer any questions from the 
Committee.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. The lady yields back.
    We will now move to the Member questions under the 5-minute 
rule, and I recognize myself for 5 minutes.
    Ms. Frazier, small businesses have faced unprecedented 
economic challenges, such as inflation and rising interest 
rates, which threaten their ability to access capital. As you 
all well know, access to capital is essential to any growing, 
aspiring business.
    Yet, instead of helping Main Street America, under the 
Biden administration, the CFPB implemented the 1071 rule, which 
you mentioned, which put an even heavier burden on small 
financial institutions that were struggling to keep up with 
rising interest rates.
    So I recently introduced the 1071 Repeal to Protect Small 
Business Lending Act, which would immediately repeal CFPB's 
small-business-killing rule.
    How would an immediate repeal of the 1071 rule ensure that 
community banks can continue providing affordable lending 
options to small-business owners?
    Ms. FRAZIER. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I can give you an 
example of the impact.
    There are over 81 different data decision points that we 
would need to collect and decide upon in evaluating or just 
taking the application. And when I think about my bank and the 
number of loans that were small businesses in the past 2 years, 
it was over 237 loans, for $140 million. Multiply that, each 
one, by 81 points that we need to first make a decision upon 
and collect and then report upon.
    And so the only way that that could be possible is to 
continue to evaluate technology and use of AI, which then 
doesn't focus us on the conversations or building the 
relationships or giving the advice and counsel many small 
businesses need.
    So I hope those give you some illustrations of what that 
impact would do for us.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. Absolutely.
    Mr. New, in the final days as President, President Biden 
sought to ban offshore oil and gas leases in vast offshore 
areas. If not for President Trump issuing several executive 
orders on his first day in office to repeal these efforts, the 
ban would have covered more than 625 million acres, 
representing the largest withdrawal of offshore oil and gas 
leases in U.S. history.
    So how will President Trump's actions help your industry 
thrive and meet the demands of the offshore oil and gas sector?
    Mr. NEW. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    You know, it is really about having access to lands to 
drill. Unlike onshore, where a lot of the oil and gas 
production is on private land, in the federal offshore waters 
it is all federal lands. So it depends on the federal 
government to basically be the landowner, the judge, the jury, 
and the executioner. So, when there are not leases available, 
my customers don't have opportunities to drill.
    And, you know, I say it is a pipeline. So it is not just 
the lease today. Because if you lease today, it is going to 
be--you know, it may be 10 years before there is production. 
But there are a lot of activities that have to go on to get to 
that stage. And if we are not leasing today, we are not going 
to have those activities over the next 10 years and that 
production.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. Great.
    I have a limited amount of time, so, Mr. Hutter, let me 
just ask you a short question here. Can you explain how 
dangerous and overbearing regulations have impacted your 
business?
    Mr. HUTTER. So I think that one of the things to always 
remember for our smaller businesses particularly is, certainty 
goes a long, long way. And while, I think, you know, we don't 
argue against regulations that make the rules clear and, you 
know, work toward goals of making our people safer and the 
impacts that we make on our communities only positive ones, I 
would say, generally, regulations need to be thought of in 
terms of their clarity, in terms of their workability, and in 
terms of making sure we don't put in constraints on things that 
get out over the skis of science.
    And let me explain real quickly on that one. When it comes 
to things like materials--PFAS restrictions, for example, I 
think is a good one--there are things in our defense supply 
chain that simply don't have substitutes. In the healthcare 
sector, it would be similar to the ethylene oxide restrictions 
that are being considered, right? There is no similar 
disinfectant gas.
    And when you talk about products that have a certification 
cycle that lasts the better part of a decade, having a sudden 
need to swap a key component or material in your product and 
then put the recertification and test requirements on top of 
that that are necessary to ensure that, well, if you are making 
something that is going in an aircraft engine to a civil 
airliner, that we are all safe and secure aboard that airplane, 
look, there are things that make that nearly impossible.
    So I would just really say that it is important to be very 
clear on what the reality science- and technology-wise is 
before we go and put forward a regulation demanding the 
impossible.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. Thank you.
    My time is up.
    I now recognize the Ranking Member for 5 minutes of 
questions.
    Ms. VELAZQUEZ. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Ms. Neitzel, President Trump reentered office on promises 
to immediately lower egg prices. However, in the past week, the 
national average warehouse delivery price for conventional 
large white eggs rose to $6.70 per dozen from $5.87 on January 
20th when he took office.
    Any comments on that?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Yes. Egg prices have risen. There is also an 
egg shortage in America.
    The instability in food prices is only going to get worse 
as we understand more about the trade war. And restaurants and 
ice cream shops and grocery stores operate on the thinnest 
margins of most main street businesses. We simply can't afford 
prices to increase in any of our cost of goods.
    Ms. VELAZQUEZ. Thank you.
    On Saturday, President Trump enacted a 25-percent tax on 
goods from our trade allies Canada and Mexico and a 10-percent 
tax on goods from China. The nonpartisan Peterson Institute 
reports that these taxes will spike up our inflation and cut 
our GDP over the next few years.
    Mr. Chairman, I request unanimous consent to enter the 
report into the record.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. So ordered.
    Ms. VELAZQUEZ. Ms. Neitzel, you state that these tariffs 
will cost you $100,000 extra on ice cream cups and containers 
alone. Will you be forced to pass this cost on to consumers?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Yes. If these tariff go through, I will have 
to raise my prices.
    Ms. VELAZQUEZ. And we all know that, 2 business hours into 
Monday, President Trump paused his tariffs on Mexico.
    Was that chaotic for your business? How harmful was that 
tariff?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Yeah, that was very chaotic. We are wondering 
where fruit and paper products are going to come from and how 
we will make up the costs.
    Ms. VELAZQUEZ. Ms. Neitzel, President Trump is placing the 
richest man in the world and the owner of several large tech 
corporations, Elon Musk, in charge of the federal government 
without the guardrails of typical federal employment.
    Do you think this will make federal agencies pay more 
attention to the needs of small businesses like yours or 
bigger, wealthier corporations?
    Ms. NEITZEL. It will absolutely make the federal government 
pay more attention to bigger corporations.
    Ms. VELAZQUEZ. Mr. Musk had the highest-ranking civil 
servant at the Treasury Department removed for their reluctance 
to give him unrestricted access to a sensitive payment system 
used to pay out more than $6 trillion a year in Social 
Security, Medicare, government contract payments, and tax 
reforms.
    Are you comfortable letting this unelected man have this 
data on federal payments to you and your fellow Americans?
    Ms. NEITZEL. No. Every person I have talked to in the last 
2 weeks and especially the last 2 days--every American is 
scared of Elon Musk being given the keys to our government.
    Ms. VELAZQUEZ. Thank you.
    The federal government has increasingly used continuing 
resolutions to fund vital programs, rather than more stable 
yearly budgets. As a small-business owner who receives services 
from the SBA, is this approach to public-service funding 
helpful?
    Ms. NEITZEL. No.
    Ms. VELAZQUEZ. Why not?
    Ms. NEITZEL. I wish that Congress could work together to 
pass real budgets that are longer-term and intentional, with 
the priorities of main street businesses at the heart of the 
concern.
    Ms. VELAZQUEZ. So here we are. We always say that certainty 
is so important for small businesses in order to plan ahead, 
and yet the federal government cannot provide that certainty.
    Regarding the type of immigrants who have work permits, the 
President issued an executive order to deport those immigrants. 
What effect will that have on main street small businesses?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Losing farmers who have work permits in the 
United States will devastate the food system in America. We 
need those workers in order to feed our families and our 
children.
    Ms. VELAZQUEZ. Thank you.
    I yield back.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. Thank you, Ms. Velazquez.
    She yields back.
    And now I now recognize Ms. Van Duyne from the great State 
of Texas for 5 minutes.
    Ms. VAN DUYNE. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.
    And I want to thank all of our witnesses for joining us 
today.
    Mr. Chairman, I ask for unanimous consent to submit for the 
record the Prime Minister of Canada's statement announcing 
border protections in direct response to President Trump's 
proposed tariffs.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. So ordered.
    Ms. VAN DUYNE. We have heard some conversation this morning 
how bad tariffs are, but the fact is that what we have seen 
over the last several days is that we have had countries--
Canada, Mexico, Colombia--that have actually agreed now to help 
us, the United States, with a number of different things, from 
securing our borders to preventing fentanyl deaths. I think 
those are really important, as opposed to just looking at how 
much we are going be able to save on a grapefruit.
    You know, I have heard some criticisms this morning on Musk 
and how he is not running our typical federal government 
programs. I am going to ask anybody: Have our typical federal 
programs and how we have typically been running the federal 
government helped any of your businesses? Or has it gotten us 
into $36.22 trillion of debt and a $2 trillion deficit?
    We added $1.4 trillion of regulations the last 4 years onto 
our small businesses. And, Ms. Moon, I am assuming that you 
appreciate the additional $1.4 trillion of extra money that 
businesses are having to spend, including and especially small 
businesses.
    I have also heard how dangerous it is that Mr. Musk, who is 
an advisor to an elected President, how dangerous his 
regulations are and because he is an unelected person.
    Does anybody know how many bureaucrats in our government, 
in our agencies that are making these decisions, how many of 
them are elected?
    Ms. Moon?
    Ms. NEITZEL. He has not been confirmed by Congress.
    Ms. VAN DUYNE. He is an advisor to the President. It is not 
part of the Cabinet, not necessary for confirmation.
    But even people who are confirmed are not elected. But what 
we have seen is, so many of these bureaucrats over and over 
again are making the decisions. And, a lot of times, we pass 
laws but the regulations that these agencies are putting out 
don't even reflect the intent and sometimes are in direct 
conflict with our laws. And none of them are elected.
    And I think what you have seen is the American public is 
sick of it. They want to have a difference in how government is 
typically run, for those exact reasons.
    I appreciate you being here. Look, I love ice cream, and I 
am happy that you are contributing, you know, to our economic 
growth. But I think we also need to get real here. And as we 
kick off the 119th Congress, we have an incredible opportunity 
right now to undo many of the harms that have been done to 
small businesses by the Biden-Harris administration and we can 
enact meaningful pro-growth reforms.
    And, you know, we saw a recent report from the National 
Association of Manufacturers that revealed that if the Trump 
tax cuts are not renewed, that in Texas's 24th District alone 
27,000 jobs and $2.6 billion in wages and $5.3 billion in GDP, 
just in Texas's 24th District, are at risk.
    So, Mr. Hutter, as the CEO of a manufacturing company, what 
tax policies are most important to small businesses like yours?
    Mr. HUTTER. Sure. No, thank you for the opportunity.
    I think I would choose to focus first on something that 
demands immediate attention because it has already expired, and 
it is the inability to no longer expense--the inability to any 
longer expense research and development.
    It is important for everyone to remember that R&D, while we 
tend to think about that as being the research behind the 
amazing new products that America is famous for, it is really 
also about the amazing new processes that America is famous 
for. And one of the things that we are absolutely best at and 
makes this country the most competitive is our innovation 
around manufacturing.
    And so, at a time when we really are enjoying low 
unemployment and we have an opportunity to get even greater 
value deployed for our country through the amazing talent on 
our teams, what do we need? We need to have the ability to 
invest in capital equipment that unleashes their capability and 
puts new productivity in the hands of our people. And we need 
to have incentive--or, at least, the removal of disincentive--
to invest in that very research and development that creates 
the new processes that will utilize that equipment, those 
tools, and enable that talent.
    The upshot of all of this is not just continuing to 
preserve and strengthen American competitiveness economically, 
supporting our defense industrial base--always something I am 
happy to talk about--but, most importantly of all, it is an 
opportunity to raise wages, to actually raise the value of the 
work that great American talent is doing.
    Ms. VAN DUYNE. Oh, I love that. And nowhere in there did I 
hear you say that we needed to have more regulations.
    Mr. HUTTER. No.
    Ms. VAN DUYNE. In a response to concerns that I have heard 
from small businesses in north Texas and actually around the 
country, I reintroduced yesterday the Small Business Regulatory 
Reduction Act. And I am looking forward to looking at those 
costs of regulations to small businesses and require that the 
SBA ensure that the regulations are cost-neutral.
    And, with that, I yield back.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. The lady yields back.
    And I now recognize Mr. McGarvey from the great State of 
Kentucky for 5 minutes.
    Mr. MCGARVEY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I appreciate that.
    Mr. Chairman, let me also start off by offering my 
condolences and our prayers to you and everything you are going 
through. We have been thinking about you a lot. It is good to 
be back here.
    Ms. Moon, appreciate you being here today. In 1942, it was 
Winston Churchill who wrote to the British Wartime Minister of 
Food that Americans are, quote, ``great addicts of ice cream, 
which is said to rival alcoholic drinks.'' I am born and raised 
in Kentucky, and I would just say, why can't we love both?
    But I think there has been a lot of really good points 
brought up here today, and I want to address a few of those. 
Because, in this particular instance, I do think there is a 
link between what you are experiencing with your ice cream 
business and what we are seeing at our distilleries in Kentucky 
as a result of the Trump tariffs and the chaos that he has 
thrown the economy into.
    There is--in Kentucky right now, we see it--bourbon has to 
be made in America. Ninety-five percent of the world's bourbon 
is made in Kentucky, but it just has to be made in America. We 
also get 100 percent of the good stuff. But it is not going to 
incentivize new manufacturing in America to do this.
    We saw this in the first round of tariffs. The retaliatory 
tariffs placed on American products like bourbon cost hundreds 
of millions of dollars to my State.
    These don't just impact a company's bottom line. This is 
everybody, from the farmers who grow the corn, the coopers who 
put it in the barrel, the union workers who put it in the 
bottle, the truck drivers who take it to the store, the stores 
like yours that sell the product, the consumers who buy it. It 
is harmful to everyone down the line.
    And what we are seeing right now with these tariffs and 
what they have resulted in, throwing our economy into--it is 
not over. It is not over. It is just a pause right now. There 
are people who are going to bed in Kentucky going, what is 
going to happen to the economy? What is going to happen to our 
business?
    And what do we get for it? All the reports are really 
modest, not much. Donald Trump has erased billions of dollars 
in market capitalization, throwing districts like mine into 
chaos, with these tariffs, but there is not a lot of actual, 
real new behavior from a place like Canada. Canada seized 43 
pounds of fentanyl on the border last year. The Canadian papers 
and other places are sort of running that we lost the deal on 
this.
    What we want in this Committee and what I have enjoyed 
about the nature of this Committee is the bipartisan nature of 
it, that we actually want our small businesses to flourish. 
What every congressional district here has is an economy that 
is driven by small businesses. We want those to work.
    So, when we talk about these tariffs and the impact that 
they have on small businesses--you started to hit on this. I 
know you get a lot of your products locally sourced from the 
Pacific Northwest, but you can't get it all from there, 
correct?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Correct.
    Mr. MCGARVEY. And so do you have to buy coffee or chocolate 
or other things from other countries?
    Ms. NEITZEL. We buy sugar, chocolate, coffee and tea, and 
paper products from outside of the United States.
    Mr. MCGARVEY. And you said this would have a $100,000 
impact on your business alone in selling ice cream.
    Ms. NEITZEL. That is just if there were tariffs on our 
paper products. Yes.
    Mr. MCGARVEY. Just on the paper products. Expanding beyond 
that, it is going to be even more of an impact.
    Ms. NEITZEL. Correct.
    Mr. MCGARVEY. A question I honestly don't know the answer 
to: Do you think--you talked about you would have to pass this 
on to the consumers. What does that actually do to your 
business? Do the consumers absorb all that cost?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Yeah. So, when food prices are higher in 
America, it makes people go out to eat less often. I am very 
dependent on people going out to dinner and then walking down 
to the ice cream shop afterward. The small-business economy is 
especially intertwined with each other. So vegetable costs at 
the restaurants down the street matter just as much to me as my 
own cost of goods. And I am extremely worried about 
restaurants.
    Mr. MCGARVEY. Yeah. And so I think we see the impact, the 
ripple effect this has and will have on your employees.
    And, of course, I love what you are doing with childcare. I 
truly wish we were doing more with childcare in Congress. We 
need to. That is absolutely an economic development tool as 
well as a crisis that we have in this country, not having 
enough childcare.
    But when this impacts a business like yours, it impacts 
other businesses, it impacts your employees, it impacts the 
childcare you are providing, and I think we see the ripple 
effects. So I appreciate that and hope we can continue to 
provide some relief for small businesses up here.
    Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. The gentleman yields back.
    I now recognize Mr. Ellzey from the great State of Texas 
for 5 minutes.
    Mr. ELLZEY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And I send my 
condolences to you and your family, as well, for the loss of 
your bride.
    Mr. Hutter, welcome to our hearing. As an aviator myself, 
would you tell me what exactly--let's say, what is your premier 
part that goes into an aircraft that we would all know?
    Mr. HUTTER. Well, we manufacture about 5,000 parts that go 
into the engine, the cells of every Boeing 737 and Airbus A320, 
Boeing 787 and A350. Of course it contains and surrounds the 
engines.
    Mr. ELLZEY. And you created this part and are the sole 
proprietor of it as a small business. Nobody does what you do. 
Correct?
    Mr. HUTTER. You know, we are proud to have quite a few 
things that have been both IP-protected but also trade-secret-
protected. And we maintain those positions by just being the 
best.
    Mr. ELLZEY. Okay.
    So what is an example of a regulation that has held back 
your business from growing? Because aviation is highly 
regulated, because it is all about safety. We are not going to 
discuss what has happened in the last week. But that is why the 
regulations are so high. Are there some that are unnecessary 
and too cumbersome for you?
    Mr. HUTTER. Yeah, no, it is a great question. Of course, 
you know, thank you for the reference to the tragedies of the 
last week. It was a reminder of why regulations not only are 
not all bad, they are really critical for us to deliver the 
safety record that we have in this country.
    But there are some that, as I mentioned earlier, just don't 
make sense or are pretty unworkable, if not impossible, for 
small businesses. You know, our businesses are small, but they 
are great ones, too, if we can be allowed to get to the work 
that we have been set out to do. And there are a great number 
of regulations--and I am thinking of some that even are born of 
SEC regulation----
    Mr. ELLZEY. Uh-huh.
    Mr. HUTTER.--okay? Previously we had the conflict-minerals 
source tracing. We have the opportunity to potentially see 
something similar in some of the greenhouse-gas-emissions 
regulations. It is the chance to let's, you know, get this 
stuff right and do it in a way that is workable.
    And where I am headed here is, you have got regulations 
that are targeted at and made the responsibility of publicly 
traded companies or large companies like our customers, and 
whether they are right, wrong, or indifferent at that level, 
here is what happens at my level: The reporting requirements, 
the data collection requirements that come rolling down through 
the supply chain--and 60 to 70 percent of the aerospace supply 
chain, civil and defense, is not at those big names that you 
see on the stock ticker; they are at companies like ours, small 
businesses. And just the effort to go get the data and feed it 
back upstream to serve those compliance needs requires, you 
know, a team that I don't have.
    And the people that would go to do that kind of analytical 
and research work are the very same talent on my lean, mean 
team that would otherwise be focusing their efforts on 
improving our production and scheduling, our reliability, our 
economy, maybe even our direct impact to our employees around 
safety or around environmental responsibility. And, instead, 
they are off on this, you know, research project supporting a 
regulation that I don't even know that the government knows 
what it is going to do with the data.
    Mr. ELLZEY. And they don't know the second-, third-order 
effects. If you go out of business, we don't make 737s. It is 
as simple as that.
    Mr. HUTTER. No, sir. And I think that that reaches across 
some of these things like availability of certain materials, 
the stability of energy supply.
    Mr. ELLZEY. Yeah.
    Mr. HUTTER. We had better understand what we are doing 
before we shut off the tap on something that could bring things 
to a stop real fast.
    Mr. ELLZEY. It sounds a lot like the banking for the 
community banks. I mean, if you just changed the wording just a 
little bit, it sounds exactly the same way.
    And, Mr. New, we are just about out of time. So it sounds 
like--I know, in your industry, this same kind of regulations 
have an effect.
    Ms. Neitzel, I want to thank you for being here. I am an 
addict of ice cream. I can't wait to try the Yeti.
    I just want to point out that--you are talking about a 
shortage of eggs. The Trump administration has been in power 
for less than 2 weeks. There is no shortage of eggs because of 
Donald Trump. It is bird flu and the requirement to kill a lot 
of chickens that has caused a shortage that has been ongoing 
for several years in the United States now. It has nothing do 
with tariffs--which, I might add, are not actually in effect. 
It was a negotiating point.
    But I would also like to add: Let's be clear, I mean, I am 
extremely impressed with your desire to start a business. I 
wish I could start an ice cream business. But keep in mind, 
there are consequences for choices that you make. For instance, 
you know, you don't--do you allow police in your store if they 
are armed?
    Ms. NEITZEL. I do.
    Mr. ELLZEY. You do? But you didn't in 2020, correct?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Correct.
    Mr. ELLZEY. Okay. Well, there are consequences for not 
allowing cops in the CHOP area, which ended up devastating your 
business. So I think we ought to keep in mind cause and effect 
in small businesses, and some of those choices you made prove 
to harm your own business.
    So thank you.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. The gentleman yields back.
    I now recognize Mrs. McIver from New Jersey for 5 minutes.
    Mrs. MCIVER. Thank you so much, Chair and Ranking Member.
    And thank you to all of the witnesses for being here today.
    And, Mr. Chair, I offer my condolences to you and your 
family as well and my prayers to you all.
    We all know that small businesses are the backbone of the 
American workforce and the driving force behind the American 
Dream. We have heard many of our witnesses talk about that 
today and many Members of Congress talk about that. In my 
district alone, thousands of small businesses thrive, employing 
tens of thousands of hardworking individuals, many from 
minority, women, and immigrant communities.
    Just 2 weeks ago, one of my small businesses experienced an 
unjust raid by ICE agents, resulting in the arrest of three 
employees and the detention and questioning of several others. 
This raid created widespread fear within the entire community, 
disrupted business operations, and imposed undue hardship on 
the establishment and the dedicated workers there.
    I spoke to this community this morning, the leader, one of 
my council members and mayor of this community, and they 
indicated to me that about a 25-percent to 30-percent drop they 
have seen in the small business--in the small businesses--you 
know, folks coming in to support small businesses and shops and 
the locals there, which speaks to this is a very thriving 
community on small businesses. It is definitely a hardship. I 
mean, it has created so much of a fear that people are scared 
to come outside in this community.
    And, Ms. Neitzel, you talked about it when our Ranking 
Member asked you about what does it mean when, you know, 
immigrants are not showing up to work on farms and they are not 
coming to work, and you talked about, you know, the impact it 
would have on our food systems.
    But can you elaborate a little bit more on what the profit 
margins would be--the impact on the profit margins themselves 
for small businesses because of such?
    Ms. NEITZEL. If farmers can't get their employees to come 
to work because they are so scared of ICE raids, then 
restaurants and grocery stores and ice cream shops won't have 
the produce that we need to make our products. If we don't have 
what our customers want, like that Yeti ice cream, we are not 
going to have customers walking in our doors. It will bring the 
entire small-business economy to a halt.
    Mrs. MCIVER. Correct. Thank you for that. And I am sure, 
like I mentioned about my East Ward community in the city of 
Newark already experiencing that, when folks are not coming in 
to shop and support small businesses.
    I just want us all to think about this from both sides of 
the aisle as we begin our work here in this new Congress--that 
seems like it has already been 25 years in this new Congress 
already, but only a couple of weeks in--that it is imperative 
that we prioritize the protection of all businesses and the 
individuals who contribute to their success.
    Safeguarding their well-being is essential to maintaining 
the strength of our local economies and preserving the 
opportunities that small businesses provide.
    So thank you so much.
    And with that, I yield back.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. The lady yields back.
    I now recognize Mr. Alford from the great State of Missouri 
for 5 minutes.
    Mr. ALFORD. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Again, our sympathies to 
you and your great family down in Texas, running a great small 
business there, for the loss of your Patty.
    Thank you to our witnesses for being here today. Appreciate 
that.
    This committee stands as a staunch advocate for Main Street 
America. If we do not champion main street interests, we risk 
losing the small businesses that are integral, part of the 
fabric of America.
    Small businesses spent the last 4 years under attack from a 
lethal combination of inflation and overregulation. This 
committee is here to assure small business owners that these 
attacks are over. The Trump administration and a unified 
Republican Congress are here to fight for you, to ensure that 
everyone can live the American Dream.
    Throughout President Biden's term, federal agencies 
finalized more than 1,000 regulations, costing small businesses 
more than $1.7 trillion--$1.7 trillion. That is the same as the 
entire federal discretionary budget for fiscal year 2023.
    It is unacceptable that federal agencies can put this 
burden on the taxpayers of this country. And with Elon Musk in 
charge of the Department of Government Efficiency, we will end 
the federal government's attack on businesses.
    Through a letter dated February 3, and here in this very 
committee room, Ranking Member Velazquez and committee 
Democrats have raised concerns about DOGE being granted access 
to Small Business Administration systems. Well, with all due 
respect to the Ranking Member, who is now leaving this 
committee room, this is exactly what Americans voted for last 
November 5.
    The American people are sick and tired of unelected and 
unaccountable bureaucrats wasting billions of dollars--taxpayer 
dollars. The PPP and EIDL programs wasted hundreds of billions 
of dollars in potentially fraudulent COVID loans. Estimates 
vary, but most agree that over $200 billion was fraudulent.
    The American people elected President Trump to clean up the 
corruption and waste in Washington. Maybe, just maybe, if 
committee Democrats joined the majority last Congress in 
investigating SBA's lax fraud controls and nearly nonexistent 
efforts to reclaim taxpayer dollars, then DOGE would not need 
to now go inside the SBA.
    I am also enthused that President Trump has ordered federal 
workers back to their desks in the offices just down the street 
here. As we saw on our visit to the SBA more than a year ago, 
employee attendance was meager at best. As Chairman of the 
Subcommittee on Oversight, I will be working with Ranking 
Member Tran to ensure maximum efficiency and transparency by 
the SBA.
    With 2 minutes left, Ms. Moon Neitzel, a couple of 
questions for you.
    How much is the price of an ice cream cone in your shop, a 
small one? Let's just start with a small one.
    Ms. NEITZEL. A single scoop is $6.95.
    Mr. ALFORD. $6.95. If the tariffs go into effect, what is 
the estimated price increase you will have to make on that 
product?
    Ms. NEITZEL. I have no idea, because I----
    Mr. ALFORD. Can you take a guess?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Nope.
    Mr. ALFORD. $7.25? Is it going to go up a dollar?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Could be.
    Mr. ALFORD. A dollar.
    Do you know why the tariffs are being used right now as a 
tool by President Trump? It is to shut down the illegal and 
illicit fentanyl that is coming to our country from Mexico and 
Canada that is killing more than 300 of our fellow citizens 
each and every year.
    Ms. NEITZEL. All 43 pounds of it from Canada.
    Mr. ALFORD. I would submit to you that the threat of a 
tariff to stop this illegal drug trade--and, yes, most of it is 
coming from Mexico--is worth the added cost of an ice cream 
cone in America.
    Ms. Moon Neitzel, do you hire any illegal aliens?
    Ms. NEITZEL. I don't know.
    Mr. ALFORD. You don't know? You could be hiring illegal 
aliens?
    Ms. NEITZEL. We check the paperwork as per regulation.
    Mr. ALFORD. But you think some of them might be illegal, 
here illegally?
    Ms. NEITZEL. I don't know.
    Mr. ALFORD. Why should any employee or any illegal alien be 
working in America to begin with?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Every American deserves a job.
    Mr. ALFORD. Every U.S. citizen or every person who lives in 
the Americas?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Every American deserves a job, sir.
    Mr. ALFORD. I will take that as a U.S. citizen.
    Why should anyone who is here with legal status be fearful 
of any ICE raids?
    Ms. NEITZEL. The fear and intimidation of these ICE raids 
reaches to every American citizen, as well as the folks they 
are looking for.
    Mr. ALFORD. Well, I think, if you are here legally, you 
have no reason to be fearful. And I do believe that a small 
increase in the price of ice cream is worth an American life.
    So thank you. And I yield back.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. The gentleman yields back.
    I now recognize Mr. Cisneros from the great State of 
California for 5 minutes.
    Mr. CISNEROS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And I, as well, want 
to send along my sympathies to you and your family for your 
loss.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. Thank you.
    Mr. CISNEROS. January 24 the SBA updated its small business 
contracting goals for the fiscal year 2025. Under President 
Trump, SBA requires agencies to award at least 5 percent of all 
contracts to small disadvantaged businesses. That is down 15 
percent from the Biden administration.
    Other Trump administrative targets include 5 percent for 
all federal prime contracts going to women-owned small 
businesses and 5 percent to--all federal prime contracts going 
to service-disabled veteran-owned small businesses, 5 percent 
of all prime contracts going to a HUBZone, historically 
underutilized business zones, 3 percent. These HUBzones are in 
my district, including the cities of El Monte, Covina, Azusa, 
La Puente, and more.
    So, Ms. Frazier, given these decreased targets, what advice 
would you have for a small business--small disadvantaged 
business--looking to secure capital, as well as for veteran-
owned small businesses and women-owned small businesses?
    Ms. FRAZIER. Thank you.
    I would like to think that there are opportunities 
continued beyond maybe just those contracts. We actually are a 
bank for government contractors. Many of them do take advantage 
of the 8(a) and are able to use that to grow their revenues. 
And some also partner up with some that are not 8(a) to be able 
to deliver their services and their products from that 
perspective. So while the numbers may be down, I think the 
opportunities for revenues continue to grow.
    Mr. CISNEROS. Well, but the likelihood is, is that if these 
small disadvantaged businesses are not going to receive as many 
contracts, then banks are probably going to be less likely to 
lend to them, right? The same thing as well as our women-owned 
businesses and veteran-owned businesses, if they are not going 
to get as much government contract business as they did in the 
past possibly. There is that possibility as well.
    Ms. FRAZIER. I think the loans that they apply for are also 
relevant to the size of their business at the time. And so 
sometimes--all government contractors ebb and flow with their 
revenues and the contracts that they win, and so loan sizes 
also increase and decrease relative to that.
    Mr. CISNEROS. Well, but I think, again, as it goes, the 
least likely of their business decreasing because, as we said, 
if they are going to get less business, the chance of them kind 
of having to downsize means the possibility of less capital for 
their businesses.
    But with that, I will move on.
    Ms. Neitzel, I just want to commend you for your commitment 
to childcare. The investment that you have made with your 
business to benefit your employees I think should be commended, 
and it should really be a model for other businesses.
    So how could we as a committee, how can we as a Congress 
help you and other businesses like you that are making this 
investment? And as you stated in your testimony, I do think we 
need to invest in childcare across the country.
    But how can we help small businesses like you help their 
employees to make them better businesses?
    Ms. NEITZEL. You can help by creating a national childcare 
program that is cost saving because of scale.
    Putting a child in daycare in Seattle costs between $2,500 
and $3,000 a month. That is far more than most of my employees 
pay in rent or mortgage payments. So me investing $1,000 a 
month isn't even covering their costs.
    But if we had a national childcare system that provided 
subsidies or a robust childcare facility system like most other 
developed nations, we could scale the--lower the cost per 
child, scale the program, and stabilize the entire American 
workforce, allowing more women, in particular, to fully 
participate in the American economy.
    Mr. CISNEROS. Thank you for that answer. And as you stated 
also, the tariffs, the negative effect it is going to have on 
your business, with the raising of prices. And my State of 
California and my community down in southern California have 
been devastated by fires.
    Many of the businesses--one of the businesses in my 
district relies on products that they have to come from other 
countries, one of them being Canada, the other being Mexico. 
This is going to hurt their business. Lumber, a large amount of 
lumber that is now going to be needed to rebuild southern 
California, the cities of Altadena, Pacific Palisades, that is 
going to hurt the builders.
    And with that, I yield back.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. The gentleman yields back.
    I now recognize Mr. Finstad from the great State of 
Minnesota for 5 minutes.
    Mr. FINSTAD. Thank you, Chairman Williams, for holding this 
important hearing today.
    And thank you to the witnesses for taking time and being 
here.
    I would also like to take a moment, Mr. Chairman, to extend 
my condolences to you on the loss of Patty, and just I want you 
to know that I continue to pray for you and your family.
    I am honored to serve here on the Small Business Committee 
for the 119th Congress. As a small business owner myself and 
one of the very few real farmers that gets to serve in 
Congress, I know firsthand the impact that heavy-handed, 
burdensome regulations have on our small business owners.
    Over the last 4 years, main street businesses have been 
fighting to keep their doors open, dealing with the impacts of 
inflation, misguided regulations, supply chain issues, and an 
administrative state that does not put their priorities first.
    I am looking forward to the opportunity to make lasting 
changes that will allow our communities in southern Minnesota 
and across the country to thrive.
    With that being said, Mr. Hutter, you talked in your 
testimony about the regulatory state, permitting reform 
possibly needed. And last Congress, I was proud to have led the 
passage of a bipartisan bill called the PROVE IT Act, which 
gives our small businesses a seat at the table and a voice in 
the regulatory process.
    Do you feel like right now you have a voice in that 
process? Do you have an opportunity as we pass these well-
intended laws in Congress, the administrative state implements 
their rules and regulations, and they come to you and say here 
are the hoops and loops you have to jump through and walk 
through and hide under to comply, do you have a voice in that 
process? Do you have an opportunity to express your additional 
cost and the burdensome regulatory state that that puts on your 
business? Do you have a voice at that table?
    Mr. HUTTER. Well, first off, I apologize, I am not familiar 
with the act, but it sounds like a good one in the sense of 
giving that input.
    We really rely largely on our manufacturers associations, 
our aerospace industries association to try to be the 
interlocutor.
    We would love to have more of a direct line of sight to 
that. And I think a good place where that shows up are things 
where we see that expansion and that rollout of more and more 
on the regulatory side.
    We are keeping a close eye, I should say, on some of the 
EPA regulations, particularly around the New Source Review. And 
I just choose that one because as we look to revolutionize and 
modernize and grow our manufacturing processes, you have a 
scenario that traditionally was pretty lean and mean where 
these types of small emitter permitting would happen at the 
local level, the municipal level.
    And now we are seeing potentially the EPA nose under the 
tent to get involved in things that are only going to add a 
federal layer to that as well in a scenario that seems 
completely unwarranted.
    So there is an example of something I would raise my hand 
and say: Is this really a good idea?
    Mr. FINSTAD. Yeah. Thank you for that.
    And so, as you know, business owners across the country 
have been tasked to comply with numerous regulations, and it 
has had a major impact on their bottom line. As has been stated 
earlier, $1.7 trillion over the last 4 years affecting small 
businesses.
    With your business specifically, can you give us a rough 
estimate of how much time and resources have you had to 
allocate towards compliance efforts in the last 4 years?
    Mr. HUTTER. Well, the irony, of course, being that taking 
even more time to calculate that just puts bad on top of bad. 
But it is hundreds of thousands of dollars a year.
    And I say it is not just the dollars, it is the scarce 
resources for talent who have to be redeployed to doing these--
I call them intern projects, if you will--as opposed to really 
working on the business. But for a company our size, it 
actually, we would say, over the last 4 years, ranges into the 
millions, to be sure.
    Mr. FINSTAD. Yeah. So as a small business owner myself, I 
don't have a stable of lawyers or compliance officers or 
regulatory experts to help me through that, so it definitely 
costs our family business money.
    So with what you have just stated, what would you do in 
your small business with those dollars if you were able to 
deploy them in other ways?
    Mr. HUTTER. That is pretty simple. We are heavy believers 
in reinvestment, and those dollars that weren't going to hiring 
an outside consultant or distracting our folks to go run the 
compliance activity would be going into direct impact for 
either our team and our business actually working on improved 
safety, working on improved quality, working on improved 
productivity and efficiency that is going to win tomorrow.
    So the dollars would be put as direct lead on target for 
the things that matter to make us more competitive and more 
successful in our mission.
    Mr. FINSTAD. Yeah. Thank you for that.
    And, Ms. Neitzel, I just have to say thank you on behalf of 
the dairy farmers in southern Minnesota and across this 
country. Keep selling ice cream.
    And, Mr. Chairman, this body was built on ice cream and bad 
decisions.
    So with that, I yield back.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. From what I can see, I think you are 
right.
    [Laughter.]
    Chairman WILLIAMS. Next, I would now recognize Mr. Tran 
from the great State of California for 5 minutes.
    Mr. TRAN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And I, too, would like 
to share my condolences with you and your family on your loss.
    I look forward to working on this committee under your 
leadership and the Ranking Member's leadership and working with 
my colleagues here on this committee.
    I grew up with a small business background. My parents had 
their own corner market. So the small business and being part 
of this committee is very important to me, so important that I 
believe that small businesses are the heart and soul of our 
community and the heart and soul of our economy.
    I started a pharmacy and my own law practice, a small 
business, before coming to Congress. So appreciate being on 
this committee.
    So my first question goes to Ms. Neitzel.
    Access to health care is still a barrier to 
entrepreneurship for Americans looking to take a leap of faith 
and start a small business. How would you expand healthcare 
through Medicaid and the ACA? How do you think that would help 
inspire entrepreneurs to join the business community?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Thank you for the question.
    I do a lot of mentoring of young women and young people in 
general looking to start their own companies, and a huge 
barrier to starting innovative and helpful new businesses in 
our economy is that the entrepreneurs who have the great ideas 
can't leave their jobs because of healthcare.
    If we had a national single-payer system that took care of 
every American, it would free up that intellectual and 
inspirational sort of heart of the American Dream.
    Mr. TRAN. Thank you.
    Ms. Frazier, can you discuss what your financial 
institution is doing to help close racial and gender 
disparities in access to small business capital?
    Ms. FRAZIER. Oh, I would be happy to. Thank you.
    We actually work together with three other financial 
institutions to start what we called a Banking on Diversity 
loan program. Well, it actually ended up only being three 
institutions, not four altogether. One was purchased.
    Ultimately, we put out into the marketplace $1.5 million of 
zero interest rate loans to help minorities and those that were 
early stage businesses overall. So revenues were under a 
million. Most of the businesses were under a year old. And to 
date, I am really excited at the success of that program and 
how those businesses have grown.
    Mr. TRAN. Thank you for that.
    Mr. Hutter, you have previously spoken about the shortage 
of skilled workers in this country, and your firm has partnered 
with local community colleges to operate jobs training 
programs.
    Can you discuss the importance of career and technical 
education in addressing that shortage?
    Mr. HUTTER. Sure. Absolutely. And it is part of our story 
of really being a high-tech manufacturer coming to northern 
Nevada in the late 1980s and a community that built its economy 
on gaming and tourism at that time, and we have been proud to 
be part of that revolution. And part of the key to making that 
happen has been the partnership with our local educational 
institutions.
    And I will say, as important as it is in our business to 
have bachelor's degreed and advance degreed folks, particularly 
in the technical side of things, it is even more fundamental to 
have folks with the skills to be able to serve at kind of the 
technician level. And we really turn to those partnerships with 
our local community colleges for that, and they are essential.
    Mr. TRAN. Thank you.
    As a follow-up to that, do you think that more investment 
is needed in trade education, STEM education, to maintain and 
expand the workforce?
    Mr. HUTTER. Yes, I do believe that that is critical, and it 
can come from a few different directions. But a key aspect of 
that is really being done in a context of engagement with 
industry.
    So we make sure that the investment in curriculum and the 
investment in laboratories and whatever it may be actually 
matches the needs of business, and we have found that to be a 
really great partnership. But we definitely support them.
    Mr. TRAN. Thank you so much.
    Mr. Hutter, Mr. New, Ms. Frazier, Ms. Neitzel, thank you so 
much for being here with us.
    And with that, Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Mr. LALOTA. [Presiding.] The gentleman yields.
    I now recognize Mr. Downing from the great State of Montana 
for 5 minutes.
    Mr. DOWNING. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    And thank you to our witnesses here.
    So over the past 4 years, Montantans have watched as the 
Biden administration did everything it could to put energy 
producers in our State and around the country out of business.
    They almost succeeded. Coal, oil, natural gas producers 
have been holding on by a thread as radical Green New Deal 
activists and the EPA and BLM revoked leases for mines and 
extraction facilities. They closed off vast swaths of federal 
land to energy production and introduced rules and regulations 
specifically tailored to shut down these companies.
    Now, this anti-energy stance had a negative impact outside 
of the energy sector. Small businesses, especially in 
manufacturing, require reliable access to cheap energy to make 
their products and operate successfully.
    Now we are entering into a brave new world as 
cryptocurrency, blockchain, artificial intelligence integrate 
further into every sector of the economy. Our energy 
infrastructure and production capacity are nowhere near the 
size they need to be to manage this technological expansion.
    Now, unleashing American energy production is a priority 
for the Trump administration, and I look forward to working 
with them to do just that.
    So my first question to Mr. New--and thank you for being 
here--over the past 4 years have you seen a decline or a 
slowing of growth in your business due to the anti-oil-and-gas 
leasing policies of the Biden administration?
    Mr. NEW. Certainly our customers have slow-walked projects, 
they have canceled some projects because they couldn't get 
permits. They were uncertain about the future and didn't--
wouldn't invest.
    And today, just this morning, I read one of our customers, 
a project that they have been talking about for about 5 years 
now, they just announced that they are probably not going to go 
ahead with that project now because it drug out so long that 
this was an oil export terminal--their main customer bailed out 
because it was taking so long.
    Mr. DOWNING. So would approving more leases for oil and gas 
production in the Gulf of America, as the Trump administration 
has promised, improve your potential for growth?
    Mr. NEW. Absolutely. Our customers have to have access to 
leasing.
    Mr. DOWNING. Okay. Mr. New, access to capital is a 
significant issue for many small businesses, especially in the 
energy sector.
    Now, have you seen a decrease in capital access for your 
business or others in the energy sector due to a lack of 
regulatory certainty? And, if so, how has this regulatory 
uncertainty affected your business?
    Mr. NEW. Yes, I have seen it directly, particularly in some 
of the larger banks. Banks that I have done business with for 
many years basically told me that: Bill, we love you, we love 
your business, you do a great job, but you are an oil and gas 
business, we can't lend to you anymore.
    Mr. DOWNING. Yeah. Thank you, sir.
    Mr. Hutter, thank you for being here.
    Joe Biden and Gary Gensler's SEC and woke reinsurance 
companies have tried to shut down companies through the back 
door rather than the front door using ESG to restrict access to 
capital at the expense of small business.
    Now, how has this harmed your business? And how can 
Congress make improvements?
    Mr. HUTTER. I am not really in a position to comment on 
that directly because we haven't experienced the effects of 
that.
    I know that we have small businesses, smaller than us by 
far, in our supply chain, and I would just broadly say that 
their access to capital and their access to the things that 
make them successful are critical to me as well. But no direct 
experience.
    Mr. DOWNING. Well, thank you.
    I just, as a former securities and insurance regulator, 
have seen a lot of this happening, so I appreciate that.
    So I just want to thank you all for your testimony.
    The past 4 years have been a relentless struggle for 
American energy producers. But with the Trump administration 
prioritizing domestic energy dominance there is a reason for 
renewed optimism.
    And the testimonies today have made it clear: Energy 
security is economic security. It is national security. And 
moving forward, we must cut through the regulatory red tape 
stifling small business, especially those in manufacturing and 
energy production.
    Now, I look forward to working alongside my colleagues in 
Congress and the Trump administration to get this done.
    Thank you. I yield my time.
    Mr. LALOTA. The gentleman yields.
    I now recognize the gentleman from Maryland, Mr. Olszewski, 
for 5 minutes.
    Mr. OLSZEWSKI. Thank you very much.
    I first want to just join this committee and all the 
Members in sharing my condolences with the Chair and 
surrounding he and his family in our prayers.
    Thank you all for making the time to travel.
    Ms. Neitzel, I am looking forward next time for you 
bringing samples for us to have while we are here, please.
    I just want to open, I have had a chance to listen quite a 
bit, just two quick observations.
    I know there has been a lot of back-and-forth about 
unelected bureaucrats both Democrats and Republicans have 
leveraged here. I just hope that as we go about our work that 
we can agree on things like Congress' fundamental power of the 
purse, our legal authority to establish change and eliminate 
departments.
    And I just hope that as we have those conversations, 
conversations that I welcome, that we do it through the well-
established democratic processes that this country has been 
founded on for a very long time.
    As it relates to tariffs, I just want to remind, especially 
relative to Canada, we are talking about in fiscal year 2024, 
1.5 percent of all apprehensions at the border were on the 
northern border, just 1.5 percent. The last 3 fiscal years, the 
amount of fentanyl that came from the northern border was less 
than 1 percent of all fentanyl seized.
    And so if we are willing to exchange a 25 percent increase 
on goods for that, I guess we should expect those numbers being 
zero in the upcoming year, but we will see what happens there.
    Mr. Hutter, I know on Congressman Tran's question you spoke 
about and I really appreciate your engagement with community 
colleges and STEM and job training programs. Clearly, you see 
the value in those investments.
    I really appreciate also your conversation about engagement 
with industry. Prior to coming to Congress, as Baltimore County 
executive, we both made our community colleges absolutely free 
to any family making $150,000 or less.
    We also partnered with the nursing and healthcare industry 
to create a nursing pipeline program that actually, for 
Democrats, we would say we knocked down barriers to 
opportunity, we invested in things like childcare, 
transportation, and housing. Perhaps from a Republican 
perspective you can say we helped people pull themselves up by 
their bootstraps.
    But would you say that if we engage in those conversations 
and find those gaps, those are the kinds of investments that we 
in Congress might want to continue to make to help make more 
opportunities for your workforce?
    Mr. HUTTER. Yeah. I think yes. And I would want to make 
sure to capture that this is as much or more also an obligation 
and responsibility of business itself. And it has been very 
much that partnership of the investment we put into our own 
training and development for folks, and I think it is a key 
piece that differentiates us and makes us a great place to work 
and attracts the best talent.
    But that happens in a context where we want to hire from 
our community versus draw people in from far and far away. We 
want to build our community as we go.
    And so I do think that it is all in the doing. But from a 
concept standpoint, of course, having a strong commitment in 
the community to the education and the training and, I would 
say, the overall uplift in the tone around the nobility of 
skilled trades is really critical.
    Mr. OLSZEWSKI. That is great. I appreciate that question 
and hope to bring that forward as my time here in Congress 
continues.
    And then, Ms. Neitzel, I just will conclude with a question 
for you.
    Congratulations on the new shops that are coming. I know 
that they, as you have testified, are funded in part with SBA 
loans.
    I just wanted to give you a minute, minute and a half here. 
Any feedback that this committee might have in terms of what 
your interaction has been like, what we might want to know to 
help make sure that other businesses who are looking to do 
similar work can have access to it?
    Ms. NEITZEL. This was my first time using this SBA loan 
program. I started my company with sort of friends and family 
investors and have just gone through a community bank without 
the guarantee of the SBA to grow my company for the last 17 
years. So this is my first experience, and it has been fine.
    I was listening to Ms. Frazier's testimony and thinking 
there are opportunities, I think, for us to chat about ways 
that both Main Street Alliance and Ms. Frazier and her banking 
organization could talk about bipartisan ways to maybe make it 
a little smoother.
    It has been a very complicated process, and I loved her 
comment about the 81 data points. I have felt each of those 81 
questions deeply.
    But the access to the capital and a stable SBA have been 
critical to my business' next phase of growth.
    Mr. OLSZEWSKI. That is great.
    Well, I welcome the opportunity to work with both of you if 
we can find those improvements in the years ahead.
    With that, I yield. Thank you.
    Mr. LALOTA. The gentleman yields.
    I now recognize Ms. King-Hinds from the beautiful Northern 
Mariana Islands for 5 minutes.
    Ms. KING-HINDS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And I join the 
Members in expressing my condolences to the Chairman.
    Thank you to all the witnesses for your testimony today and 
for making time to be with us.
    Under SBA definitions, all businesses in my district, the 
Northern Mariana Islands, are small businesses. That is why I 
am so grateful to serve on this important committee, so I can 
speak about their challenges here in the 119th Congress.
    Businesses in my district operate in one of the most remote 
parts of our country. This geographic isolation drives up 
operating costs, limits access to customers and capital. And in 
recent years, we have seen a growing sense of hopelessness--
some would say straight-up despair--because our primary 
industry, which is tourism, has yet to recover from the impacts 
of COVID-19.
    Testimonies today cited a 2023 study of the National 
Association of Manufacturers which found that federal 
regulations cost an estimated $12,800 per employee across all 
sectors of the U.S. economy, and this highlights some of our 
challenges.
    To put that figure in perspective, in my district, that 
would suggest that the cost of regulatory compliance in the 
Northern Marianas is 38 percent of our total gross domestic 
product and 25 percent of all business revenue made in the 
islands.
    What makes this so challenging is, despite the many one-
size-fits-all regulations, there is no one-size-fits-all 
application of benefits for small businesses in my district. 
For example, while SBA has made significant investments in the 
CNMI in response to natural disasters and the pandemic, in 
programs like the SBA's Restaurant Revitalization Fund, my 
district had the lowest approval rate in the nation, with 
nearly 90 percent of applications denied.
    Despite the dire need for capital among entrepreneurs, 
participation in SBA's flagship 7(a) Loan Guarantee Program is 
far below national averages.
    It is clear that the federal government must do more to 
recognize and address the realities of businesses in isolated 
communities like mine. National policies already create 
challenges for small businesses, but for places like the CNMI 
these challenges are magnified.
    As this committee looks to support President Trump's effort 
to unleash small businesses in our community, I ask that we 
take a critical look at how Congress can do more to support the 
unique needs of these businesses in areas like the CNMI and do 
our part to break away from one-size-fits-all policies on 
funding, capital access, labor, and market access.
    It is around 2 a.m. now from where the people that I 
represent live. We are 15 hours ahead of Washington, D.C. And 
when the sun comes up in the mainland it is nighttime back 
home.
    In many ways, our horizons are different. I have seen the 
data that many businesses in the United States have rebounded 
from the pandemic and have grown beyond it. Unfortunately, the 
same cannot be said for the Northern Marianas.
    I do believe, however, that hope is on the horizon, and I 
ask for this committee's partnership to make sure that despite 
the distance and the obstacles, when hope does make it over the 
horizon it is something that we can all celebrate.
    So I am here trying to be a better champion for the people 
in my community, and I guess I am looking to champion policies 
that address rural, isolated communities like mine. And so this 
question is to you, Ms. Frazier.
    One of the biggest issues for businesses in my district is 
access to capital. Traditional banking models often struggle to 
serve high-cost, low-volume markets in sparsely populated areas 
like the CNMI.
    In your experience, how can federal policy better support 
community banks in small population centers so they can extend 
capital to businesses that are viable but geographically 
disadvantaged?
    Ms. FRAZIER. Thank you for that question. I am going to 
answer that with two fronts, if I may.
    You spoke about the one-size-fits-all regulation and how it 
impacts the small businesses, and it impacts us when banking 
regulations are one-size-fits-all, and it puts us in boxes and 
makes us have to operate very similar to much more out-of-
market, larger competitors.
    What you have indicated is your businesses need that 
personal relationship. They need that ability to have a banker 
that they can work with and help them with a customized 
product.
    SBA, with a guarantee or not, it is how do those cash flows 
come into that business, how can the bank help them support it 
when they need it the most. So the tiered regulation, 
recognizing thresholds, would be critically important for us.
    And I am going to go back to the 1071, because if applied 
the way it is intended or the way it is now currently written, 
forget the 81 data points. It says that we have to separate the 
person from the decision. And so the person that is actually 
working with the client, understanding their business, is not 
part of the decision, and that can really impact the ultimate 
outcome.
    Ms. KING-HINDS. Thank you for that.
    Going back to these one-size-fits-all regulations, do you 
see a disproportionate impact with regards to rural banks in 
your experience?
    Ms. FRAZIER. I do. I have the great benefit of visiting 
several States over the past year and meeting a lot of bankers, 
and I have met a bank that is running off of seven employees. 
Imagine trying to implement these regulations with seven 
employees, but they are serving a tiny, tiny community with all 
that they need. And so it is unbearable for them to bear that.
    Ms. KING-HINDS. All right. Thank you.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I yield back.
    Mr. LALOTA. The gentlelady's time has expired.
    I now recognize the gentleman from New Jersey, Dr. Conaway, 
for 5 minutes.
    Mr. CONAWAY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    And thank you, witnesses, for presenting yourself to us 
today.
    As I have listened to the comments today, I have to say I 
am a little bit surprised about the criticisms of the prior 
administration with respect to job growth. We have 21 million 
businesses that were created, the largest number in any single 
Presidential term, 440,000 establishments per month, 90 percent 
faster than during the pre-pandemic era.
    We have growth--I know this is of concern to some in the 
administration--but business ownership among Black households 
doubled, a 30-year high business ownership for Latinos, a 30-
year high in business ownership for Asian Americans as well.
    And we have seen that, while certainly inflation was a 
challenge, it is--well, you have to except food and energy 
now--we are getting down to more normalized inflation in this 
country as well.
    So things are pretty strong. When you compare us to Europe, 
we are well ahead of them. Our economy is the envy of the world 
when you compare it to other people. In fact, China is 
experiencing deflation now.
    And so I think certainly we want to make sure that our 
small businesses continue to thrive. Ninety percent of the jobs 
are created by small businesses in this country; they are, and 
we hear it all the time, the backbone of our economy. Forty-six 
percent of all employees are employed by small business, 
probably more than that. And certainly a great contribution to 
new job growth.
    So small business is rightly the concern of the American 
people and certainly, rightly, the concern of the Congress.
    I wanted to make a comment. We have heard about tariffs 
this morning as well. And tariffs, whether they have gone into 
effect fully yet or not, we have already seen that businesses 
have taken steps. Some have raised prices because of the 
instability caused by the back-and-forth over tariffs, and 
those prices of course drive inflation.
    We have heard already from our witnesses today and others 
who have spoken from the dais about the costs of inputs that 
will go up.
    California needs to be rebuilt. We heard that from the Vice 
Ranking Member about the need to rebuild California, and the 
wood and the materials that are going to be needed to get that 
job accomplished under a system of the tariffs that are 
proposed, if they go through, are going to raise the cost of 
housing once again. Of course, housing inflation was a huge 
issue for Americans in this last issue.
    In my own State alone, when you look at our relationship, 
trading relationship with Canada, Canada is responsible for 
$17.5 billion to our economy in New Jersey. It is a huge--
through the bilateral trade agreements and interaction with 
Canada each year in New Jersey alone.
    So a tariff on Canada, which will certainly impact our 
economy in the State of New Jersey, and we certainly don't want 
to see that.
    And, indeed, we have not quite as much with Mexico, but we 
know tariffs are little more than a tax on the American people, 
will raise costs at a time when they are very concerned about 
costs, they want to see costs down.
    This is a promise, I think--I don't want to talk about what 
people voted on this last election. They voted on the promise 
of the government taking on inflation. I don't know how you do 
that exactly in an economy that is not controlled.
    But anyway, that is the promise that was made. People voted 
on that. And let's just hope that we, as we move forward in 
these next 4 years, keep the job growth going and get inflation 
under control.
    Ms. Neitzel, can you speak to us--and you have probably 
done some of this already, and I am sorry if I am repetitive 
here--but you run a small business. You get inputs from in 
country and overseas. Can you perhaps elaborate more or 
reemphasize the impact of tariffs on your own business and the 
cost of your inputs?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Yes. I have spoken a little bit about that. 
But as I said, our paper products all come from overseas, as do 
sugar, coffee, chocolate.
    Another concern that I have is the dairy farm where I buy 
all of our milk and cream is a fantastic family-owned farm that 
is so far north that when I go visit those cows my cell phone 
connects to the Canadian cell towers.
    They grow some of their feed for those dairy cows, and they 
trade constantly with Canada. Our farmers in the Pacific 
Northwest have wonderful long-lasting relationships, trade 
relationships, with our friends and allies to the north.
    Mr. CONAWAY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Mr. LALOTA. Thank you. The gentleman's time has expired.
    I now recognize Mr. Bresnahan from the great State of 
Pennsylvania for 5 minutes.
    Mr. BRESNAHAN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and to Ranking 
Member Velazquez, who I am so elated to see that finally cares 
about egg pricing in the United States on day 16.
    But my first question actually is a little bit off of the 
cuff and is for Ms. Moon.
    Ms. Moon, you made reference earlier about the amount of 
fentanyl that was seized at the southern border. What was that 
number again? The northern border.
    Ms. NEITZEL. Forty-three pounds from Canada, sir.
    Mr. BRESNAHAN. Are you aware of how many people would be 
killed if they consumed 43 pounds of fentanyl?
    Ms. NEITZEL. This isn't about fentanyl with Canada; it is 
about bullying and chaos creation.
    Mr. BRESNAHAN. Well, to me, it is about the 12 million 
people that 43 pounds of fentanyl would kill, which is more 
than the population of the State of Ohio, specifically coming 
from someone who lost a 16-year-old cousin because of a 
fentanyl-related situation. So----
    Ms. NEITZEL. I am sorry for your loss.
    Mr. BRESNAHAN. Thank you. And I think when you are talking 
and make comments that it is only 43 pounds, I find that 
incredibly disheartening.
    My next comment would be on the community banking side. I 
come from a small business background. My family was very 
involved in a community bank, and something that really allowed 
our small business to grow was because of our relationships 
with small community banks, having the lending officer, the 
person who truly understands your business, what you are going 
through during the good and the bad.
    What are the biggest risks to community banks right now 
that you would see?
    Ms. FRAZIER. The ongoing regulation. And a couple of the 
points I have talked about is just the impact of not 
recognizing the differences between the banks and the ones that 
you just mentioned that were so important, that tiered 
regulation is critically important, that 1071.
    While I have touched on the data points, I have touched on 
the separation of the decision, it just forces those loans to 
be put much more into more of a database, an AI decision, and 
commoditizing, which I think is really, really impactful and 
hurtful to small businesses, because we do spend quite a bit of 
time coaching, counseling, and helping many of them grow from 
the infancy of an idea all the way through to something much 
larger.
    Mr. BRESNAHAN. Well, I definitely appreciate the role 
community banks play in the entrepreneurship ecosystem. It is 
something that I struggle with and advocated for through 
various different nonprofits that I was involved in through 
tecBridge, which is an entrepreneurship-based board in Junior 
Achievement. And it is those new businesses that are starting 
don't have access to capital.
    And I have had so many entrepreneurs come to me in my last 
life--33 days ago--saying: How do I get a line of credit? If 
they don't have a history of credit they are financing their 
small businesses on top of credit cards.
    What can Congress do to improve the accessibility of 
capital to that startup entrepreneur, truly the American Dream?
    Ms. FRAZIER. We really need to stabilize the impact of 
changing minds and thought processes around the SBA as well for 
those startup businesses, and to also consider through that 
process that the best people, the best way to get those dollars 
implemented are through the community banks, where the 
relationships can be formed, and not through an online business 
that can fulfill the need to get capital but they are not 
helping them grow their business, et cetera. I would say that 
is one way.
    Another way is also improving community banks' access to 
capital, because anytime we raise a dollar, that is ten times 
we can put out, $10 we can put out into the community. So any 
opportunities to impact our access to capital, whether it is 
changing the accredited investor regulations and allowing it to 
be a million dollars, including the house, or in a Sub S, where 
1,500 banks are Sub S, allowing more investors into those.
    Mr. BRESNAHAN. Thank you for that. I think that is going to 
be something that I would like to focus on and inspiring the 
next generation of entrepreneur, but that barrier to enter into 
those markets and grow and expand, just like I am sure Ms. Moon 
had gone through when you were first starting your first ice 
cream shop.
    But that is the American Dream, and it should be 
incentivized. And the burden, the red tape to create your own 
destiny is a very challenging and scary concept sometimes.
    Mr. Hutter, I also come from the highway infrastructure 
background. How have you been able to adapt to tool up with the 
next generation of workforce? And are you seeing a pipeline of 
qualified individuals to offset your growth and operation?
    Mr. HUTTER. Well, the top talent in the world is always 
going to be hard to come by, and we need to make more of it in 
the States. And I think, more directly, we need to unlock it 
more readily.
    Every American talented worker who is in my plant needs to 
benefit from immediate permitting reform, immediate regulatory 
rollback, so that we can actually get their talents out there 
on the shop floor in larger, more capable facilities that can 
allow them to do more for our economy and for their families.
    Mr. BRESNAHAN. Thank you. I yield back.
    Mr. LALOTA. The gentleman's time has expired.
    I now recognize Ms. Goodlander from the great State of New 
Hampshire for 5 minutes.
    Ms. GOODLANDER. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I am so thrilled 
to be a part of this committee.
    I am grateful to you all for being here today. I am 
grateful to be part of this committee and excited because I 
really do believe that small businesses are one of the most 
hopeful expressions of the American Dream.
    And I say that as the great granddaughter of a family 
farmer, the granddaughter of a serial entrepreneur who started 
out selling airplane rides at the Nashua Airport right down the 
road from where I grew up, and the daughter of a small business 
entrepreneur.
    I have just come back from 9 days all around the great 
State of New Hampshire. And thank you for recognizing it is a 
great State. My district spans from my hometown Nashua all the 
way up to what we call the North Country, the Canadian border, 
nine counties that stretch across my district.
    I spent a lot of time talking to small businesses. And one 
of the throughlines in this hearing so far has been the need 
for certainty for small businesses.
    You said it well, Mr. Hutter, that certainty, it goes a 
long way, and it is mission critical for so many small 
businesses in my State and across this country.
    From the last 2 weeks, one of the big sources of 
uncertainty for small businesses has been the threats of 
federal funding freezes, including following last week's 
memorandum from the Office of Management and Budget to other 
executive actions that have been taken that have really called 
into question the availability of lawfully enacted federal 
funding that reaches our communities.
    This hasn't been abstract. I am hearing from small 
businesses and nonprofit organizations, from mayors, from 
police chiefs, from fire chiefs all across our communities who 
continue to face uncertainty in accessing the federal funding 
that is promised to the people of New Hampshire.
    And so one of the questions I want to ask each of our 
witnesses is, you all rely on and work closely with the Small 
Business Administration and with other federal agencies.
    Starting with you, Ms. Neitzel, could you just tell us what 
communication, if any, or guidance you received from the Small 
Business Administration, or any other federal agency for that 
matter, that helped you navigate questions around the 
availability of federal funding and federal programs?
    Ms. NEITZEL. We work with a small community bank called 
Peoples Bank in Washington State, and all of our communication 
has been with them. We had a really productive conversation 
with the regional small business administrators at the 
beginning of our loan process who were very informative.
    One of the things I want to address about the federal 
funding freeze is that many childcare providers in our 
community are extremely worried about the federal funding 
freeze and worried about being able to pay childcare providers. 
If workers in Seattle and across Washington State can't send 
their kids to those childcare centers, the economy stops.
    Ms. GOODLANDER. I heard from many childcare providers who 
were facing enormous uncertainty from small businesses across 
my district.
    Another source of uncertainty is the threat of a trade war. 
And you have spoken to the real cost of that uncertainty for 
small businesses.
    Look, I believe tariffs are an important tool that can 
create competition in our economy and can do a lot of good, but 
the uncertainty that this has caused for small businesses 
across New Hampshire is just unacceptable.
    I want to turn to something where I think we can all agree 
on. And I was really grateful for your written testimony, in 
particular you, Ms. Frazier, what you wrote about the 
importance of competition in the American economy.
    I spent a good deal of time serving in the Antitrust 
Division of the Department of Justice, and I am very hopeful 
that this is going to be an area where we can agree across the 
ideological spectrum on the need for competition in the 
American economy.
    In your written testimony, you spoke a bit about the 
impacts of consolidation, the impacts on community banks. Could 
you say a bit more about the importance of competition and what 
it does for the bottom line for the American people?
    Ms. FRAZIER. Well, the competition between the banks, I 
think what you find in community banks is that we are all 
working together to better the communities. And if regulation 
continues to persist and grow and grow, it makes it harder and 
harder for community banks to survive and thrive. And 
oftentimes there does continue to be consolidation, and that is 
where I believe communities are really impacted.
    Ms. GOODLANDER. I think it is true across the board, from 
our defense industrial base to, I am sure, the market for ice 
cream in the United States. I see monopolies everywhere, and I 
think this is an area where this committee can do a lot of good 
for small businesses and the American people.
    So with that, I yield back, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. [Presiding.] The lady yields back.
    I now recognize Mr. Meuser from the great State of 
Pennsylvania for 5 minutes.
    Mr. MEUSER. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Thank you very much to our witnesses. Appreciate you being 
here.
    So I think it was you, Mr. Hutter, that said there is a 
renewed sense of optimism, thankfully. Over the last 4 years, 
we dealt with inflation in excess of 20 percent, gasoline 
prices through the roof, literally bringing people to tears. An 
overall energy crisis. Prohibitions, some in Pennsylvania, on 
the exporting of LNG for no particular reason.
    Meanwhile, we had a President that thought he only asked 
for a survey to be taken as opposed to a complete prohibition.
    A border crisis that is an absolutely unmitigated disaster 
that includes human trafficking, rape, all kinds of horrible 
things--I have been to the border four times--drugs, death. 
Hundreds of thousands of young people in particular lost their 
lives. Human trafficking even throughout my rural district. 
Wars. Thousands and thousands, tens of thousands of Ukrainians 
and Russians dying. Unrest in the Middle East to no end.
    Small businesses--bringing it back home--small businesses 
having some of the worst times ever, from uncertainty, loss of 
tax relief, the uncertainty of losing the 199A.
    Certainly, if there would have been a different President 
there, it would have been gone. No question about it. Let's 
face it. That is what they stated.
    Manufacturing is on the decline in the United States. It is 
on the upswing in China and other places.
    So all of this going on, and it just can't help but be 
startling to hear my good friends on the other side of the 
aisle talk about how wonderful things used to be and how 
horrible they are going to be, and yet these tariffs haven't 
even gone into effect yet. And yet there is chaos and 
everything else taking place.
    I will tell you what has gone into effect: responses from 
Trudeau and Sheinbaum in Mexico as to correcting some of those 
horrible problems that have occurred. So that has taken place.
    And you know what is also startling to me? And I was in 
international business. I was in business over 20 years. How 
somehow taxing those small companies that became big 
companies--and that makes them evil, by the way--is okay, but 
put a tariff on a small or large business overseas, that is 
awful. That is going to create all kinds of worldwide 
instability and global unrest.
    I think most of us will pay a little more for ice cream and 
guacamole if we have less human trafficking and overdose deaths 
in the United States of America. I think that was resounding in 
the most recent election.
    So let's focus on common sense rather than nonsense 
political posturing that we are hearing here: the importance of 
keeping the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
    You, Mr. Hutter, mentioned right at the very beginning 
bonus depreciation is on its way out, it is on the decline. 
199A is gone at the end of this year. And we probably won't get 
Democrat support there. That is why we need to do it in 
reconciliation, which is an outrage.
    The R&D tax credit is on its way--it is gone, completely 
gone. And by the way, China has re-upped their R&D tax credit, 
which you are nodding, you are aware of. They call it a super 
deduction of 200 percent.
    So America first doesn't mean America alone. America first 
means: Why don't we start looking after our American businesses 
as opposed to being this global charity which only weakens our 
United States of America.
    So, Mr. New, we are talking taxes, regulations, and we are 
talking banking. Tell me how important the 199A is, how 
important taxes relief is to you.
    And, Ms. Frazier, I would like you to either tell me as 
soon as we are done here how much of a problem the CFPB has 
been to you--or were they wonderful and they showed up in your 
bank.
    I will start with you, if you don't mind, Ms. Frazier.
    Ms. FRAZIER. Given the size of my bank, they didn't show up 
in my bank. We are under $10 billion. But their new 
regulations, their laws have been quite discerning and quite 
costly to us, as we look at everything. Our compliance 
department overall--we looked at a budget--is over a million 
dollars a year.
    Mr. MEUSER. Great.
    Ms. FRAZIER. Can't pass that along.
    Mr. MEUSER. Do you think the plan moving forward is going 
to help your businesses, gentlemen, or be detrimental?
    Mr. NEW. Well, certainly the lower tax rates and----
    Chairman WILLIAMS. The gentleman's time is up.
    Mr. MEUSER. I yield back, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. The gentleman yields back.
    I now recognize Ms. Morrison from the great State of 
Minnesota for 5 minutes.
    Ms. MORRISON. Thank you, Mr. Chair. And, Mr. Chair, I would 
also like to offer my condolences and deep sympathy for your 
loss.
    Thank you to all the testifiers for being here today. And 
congratulations to all of you for your successful small 
businesses and the important addition that they are making to 
the success of the American economy.
    You know, I am excited to be on this Committee because it 
is known as one of the less partisan committees and more 
focused on problem-solving. And that is why I came to Congress, 
because I want to solve problems. And I hope that, going 
forward, we continue to have a future-oriented problem-solving 
lens as we proceed.
    Mr. Hutter, sincere gratitude to you for helping secure our 
nation's safety through much of the work that your business 
does.
    I hear and appreciate the frustration that comes with 
regulations and administrative burden. I am a physician by 
trade, and I am very familiar, the pain of administrative 
burden that is heaped on physicians, frankly, primarily from 
the private sector.
    So, as we look to streamline the regulatory burden on small 
business, I hope we can agree that a balance has to be struck 
between keeping our people safe by protecting and doing what we 
can to keep our air, land, and water clean.
    You know, Mr. Hutter, you mentioned PFAS, which I think is 
a great example. Because, as we learn new things, we have to 
adapt, we have to be nimble, sometimes we have to change the 
way we do things. And I think most of us agree that we want to 
minimize the amount of PFAS that we continue to pour into our 
water and our land and, by extension, our bodies.
    You mentioned that there aren't good current substitutions 
for some of the PFAS chemicals, some of the properties that 
they have. So, in the short term, I think we need targeted 
exceptions to some of the bans that certain States have been 
enacting--and there is legislation at the federal level as 
well--that gives, you know, time for our innovative research 
universities and entrepreneurs to develop alternatives.
    And I don't expect you to define the specifics around PFAS, 
but I was wondering if you could comment on that balance 
between regulations that protect public health while allowing 
and encouraging businesses to thrive.
    Mr. HUTTER. Sure. And I like the way you framed that.
    I think the key thing that I could say here is: 
predictability, clarity, and workability. And we need to have 
that renovation--revolution, if necessary--to our regulatory 
scheme right now.
    You know, the gentleman, the doctor, mentioned, you know, 
we have had a great recovery--in job growth; manufacturing has 
enjoyed that. Let's not trip ourselves at the starting line 
here, because what comes next is going to define the next 50 
years.
    So we have to--and I call upon all of you, let's really 
auger in on this and find the balance between--I mean, it is 
not a balance. I don't think it is a compromise. We all want 
the same outcomes here. In fact, let's make sure that industry 
is best enabled to invest into the solutions. Let's trust our 
companies to actually put money and talent and innovation 
behind the problems and help us solve them together.
    So I think that if we can agree on some clear, actionable 
regulations, in place of a meandering, ever-growing kind of 
miasma of unclear, unpredictable, ``I don't know if I can 
invest into this cloud or not,'' we are going to see a lot more 
progress a lot faster.
    Ms. MORRISON. Thank you, Mr. Hutter.
    Mr. Chair, I yield back.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. The lady yields back.
    I now recognize Mr. Jack from the great State of Georgia 
for 5 minutes.
    Mr. JACK. Well, thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.
    And I want to thank the witnesses for testifying today.
    I am a freshman, and during my last campaign, or, rather, 
my first campaign for office, deregulation was by far and away 
one of the most important things that I heard over and over 
across my district.
    And I have a unique background. From the first day to the 
last day of President Trump's first administration, I worked in 
his White House. And one of the things that he tasked me with 
doing was working across his administration to achieve the two-
for-one deregulatory cuts that he pledged during his campaign. 
And, of course, he superseded that; he had eight for one. And 
as you may have seen, he signed an executive order, I think 
last week, noting that he wants to do 10-for-1 cuts. For every 
regulation on the books, he wants to cut 10 existing 
regulations.
    So I want to applaud you for walking us through some of the 
areas in which we can focus our deregulatory agenda to achieve 
the economic success that we had in the first administration.
    I want to start, if I could, to Mr. Hutter.
    In your testimony, you referred to the 2017 Tax Cuts and 
Jobs Act. And I know my distinguished colleague from 
Pennsylvania, Mr. Meuser, touched on it just a moment, but you 
mentioned specifically that it was rocket fuel for 
manufacturers like Click Bond. And you also mentioned that the 
pro-manufacturing incentives in the TCJA were key to innovation 
and capital investment.
    And thanks to Chairman Williams for appointing me the 
Chairman of our Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, 
and Workforce Development, I want to highlight that innovation 
component. And I just want to know, could you reiterate the 
importance of the TCJA incentives for small businesses like 
Click Bond in investing in next-generation manufacturing and 
workforce training?
    Mr. HUTTER. Sure.
    Well, the TCJA--like I said, rocket fuel. And we need to 
focus on getting those extensions enacted immediately where 
they did incentivize the very investments in our companies and 
in our capital equipment that puts, really, those effective 
tools in the hands of our talent.
    But I want to go beyond TCJA to say, you know, the R&D 
expensability expiration is an aspect of TCJA, okay? It was 
something we enjoyed for 70 years. And when it comes--prior to 
TCJA.
    So it is not just really the effort to ensure that we 
extend and keep in place those amazing investment incentives 
and the predictability that allowed us to make those 
investments into the long term; we need to bring back the 
expired provisions that have already gone out, especially 
around R&D expensing.
    And if we can do this in a way that, again, delivers that 
in a consistent, reliable way without a bunch of sunsets, we 
are actually going to get to the place where people can invest 
with confidence not just over a couple quarters or a couple 
years but at generational level. And that is what is really 
going to carry this country and our manufacturers forward.
    But we have to get on it right now. Let's not trip at the 
start line, like I said.
    Mr. JACK. I completely agree.
    And if I could, in my remaining time, turn to Mr. New.
    I was encouraged by your opening testimony talking about 
permitting. Again, I recall very fondly working on trying to 
accelerate our permitting process. And I took great delight 
when I saw the previous administration take credit for many of 
the permitting leases that we pushed forward during President 
Trump's administration from 2017 to 2021. To your point, it 
takes 3 to 4 years sometimes for some of these projects to come 
on line. We want to accelerate that as much as we can.
    So, with what time I have left, I am curious, how can 
Congress legislate safeguards to prevent future regulation 
efforts in your industry specifically?
    Mr. NEW. Well, certainly, you know, executive orders are 
fine, but, you know, we see that, you know, one administration 
comes in and they write a bunch of executive orders, the next 
administration comes in and immediately reverses all those, and 
so it is kind of whipsawed back and forth.
    But if you can enshrine some of those changes--like changes 
in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, this withdrawal of 
areas for leasing--if you can enshrine some of that, where it 
is not subject to executive order, then we don't have that 
whipsaw back and forth, constantly changing every 4 years when 
there is a change in administration.
    Mr. JACK. And I also took note, during your opening 
testimony, you talked about how it is challenging, if you are 
running a business, when you have this ever-shifting regulatory 
landscape, it is really challenging to project your growth.
    I am just curious. In all of your years in your industry, 
which administration have you seen as the most successful at 
moving forth on deregulatory efforts?
    Mr. NEW. Well, certainly, the previous Trump 
administration, I would say, is probably the most successful in 
the deregulatory area.
    You know, and I am--I would think like a lot of small 
businesses, I am not looking for a handout. I am just looking 
for a level playing field, and then get out of my way. I will 
do the work, I will invest the money, I will push it forward, 
but just get out of my way. Don't stifle me every time I turn 
around.
    Mr. JACK. Well, I appreciate that, sir.
    Thank you to each and every one of our witnesses for 
testifying today.
    And I yield back to our distinguished Chairman, Mr. 
Williams.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. The gentleman yields back.
    I now recognize Ms. Scholten from the great State of 
Michigan for 5 minutes.
    Ms. SCHOLTEN. Thank you so much, Mr. Chairman.
    And thank you so much to our witnesses for joining us here 
today.
    I want to revisit an important conversation that we have 
been having here about the tariffs. And I know that, you know, 
we have covered a lot of it today, but one thing I really 
wanted to focus in on is this 30-day pause.
    And, you know, while it has given businesses a little bit 
of reprieve, to me and what I have heard from small-business 
owners back home: That is not much time to plan, when who knows 
what is at the other end of those 30 days. You know, so many of 
our small businesses and entrepreneurs are trying to compete in 
an increasingly unstable marketplace, and these tariffs could 
really throw them into a tailspin.
    Ms. Neitzel, I wonder, can you speak to how this impending 
change impacts your business operations and how you are 
navigating through this on such short notice and, you know, 
particularly to the 30-day piece?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Sure. Yeah, the uncertainty has, you know, put 
myself and my CFO in a pinch to figure out, if we did have to 
pay, say, $112,000 more for our cost of goods because of these 
tariffs, we don't have a plan for how to sell, you know, a 
million dollars more of ice cream to make up that profit. That 
is not something that I can do [snaps fingers] like that.
    It is incredibly difficult, and it is unnecessary. It is 
fearmongering. It is bullying. It is playing with the hearts of 
small-business owners across America who do not need this. We 
have been doing well and growing for the last 4 years.
    Ms. SCHOLTEN. Thank you so much for sharing that.
    My district covers much of west Michigan. Kent County, the 
most populated county in my district, is home to almost 60,000 
immigrants. That is almost 9 percent of the county's 
population. Suffice it to say, these folks are a real source of 
influence in our community. They contribute culturally, 
socially, and certainly have a significant economic impact, a 
strong presence in our local workforce.
    Many of our constituents are worried about the potential 
for mass deportations having a ripple effect on a lot of 
industries. I believe that such actions could cause a real 
strain on our workforce. We know that mass deportations that 
don't necessarily target only a specific individual can cause 
individuals to even not show up to work if they themselves even 
have status but happen to be married to someone who doesn't or 
have someone in their family who doesn't.
    Would mass deportations make it more difficult for 
businesses like yours to find workers or to navigate or the 
impact that it--speak about the impact that that would have.
    Ms. NEITZEL. I am extremely fearful for mass deportations' 
effect on farms in Washington State.
    I think that, yes, it creates so much fear, not just for 
adults, not just for people who do have legal status, but also 
for children and for schools. I have received many emails from 
folks in Washington State about planned and threatened and 
rumored ICE raids in our public schools in suburbs outside of 
Seattle.
    And kids just need to go to school. Kids are going to grow 
up and start businesses. And we need to stop threatening all of 
these families with the fear tactics.
    Ms. SCHOLTEN. Thank you. As a mom of two school-aged kids 
and someone who has heard just awful stories from around our 
district, I share those concerns, and we hear it.
    I want to use just the last few minutes here to get into, 
staying on the topic of kids and childcare, institutions like 
Head Start, which provide educational support services to young 
children and families. Over 12 locations in Kent County in my 
district, as I mentioned. Due to the federal funding freeze 
last week, they are struggling to draw down payments that they 
need to continue their critical services. Even after the 
memorandum has been rescinded, we are still seeing roadblocks.
    As an employer who helps their workers access childcare--
and kudos to you--would your businesses be impacted if those 
childcare providers had to discontinue their services?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Yes. A threat to the childcare system in our 
region and everywhere is a threat to workers being able to show 
up and do their jobs, and it is a threat to us being able to be 
open.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. The lady's time is up.
    Ms. SCHOLTEN. Thank you.
    I yield back. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. The lady yields back.
    I now recognize Mr. Stauber from the great State of 
Minnesota for 5 minutes.
    Mr. STAUBER. Thank you, Mr. Chair, for holding this 
important hearing today.
    You know, during the past 4 difficult years under the Biden 
administration, over 1,100 regulations were added--I will 
repeat that: over 1,100 regulations were added--putting an 
enormous pressure on our small businesses, costing nearly $1.8 
trillion, adding more than 356 million hours of paperwork.
    You know, as we look forward to the future, we have to 
support policies that support small businesses and the growth 
of our small businesses. It is important to understand the 
hurdles that still remain.
    Mr. New, what are some of the most challenging regulations 
that you have faced when servicing the offshore oil and gas 
industries?
    Mr. NEW. There is a number of regulations that apply 
directly--not directly to us but to our customers that increase 
their costs of doing business, doesn't permit them to do 
projects because the permitting timeline is drawn out. And that 
directly impacts us in the fact that our business is totally 
dependent on our customers developing facilities and building 
new equipment, and if they are not doing that, then there is no 
work for us. And that certainly--you know, obviously, it makes 
it a struggle to maintain our employment.
    And, you know, on the tax side, you know, particularly the 
accelerated depreciation allows me to invest in new equipment. 
What that does in the long run--I mean, that makes us more 
productive, but what that does is that allows our employees to 
be more productive.
    Mr. STAUBER. Yeah.
    Mr. NEW. And that is the one area where you have lasting 
wage growth, is, if my employees are more productive, I can pay 
more.
    Mr. STAUBER. Yeah.
    Mr. NEW. And that is really--when you look from an economic 
side, that is the only place that can come from.
    Mr. STAUBER. Right.
    Mr. NEW. It has to come from enhanced productivity.
    Mr. STAUBER. Mr. Hutter, same question. What are some of 
the most challenging regulations that you have faced in your 
industry?
    Mr. HUTTER. Well said, Mr. New.
    I would like to really focus that on permitting, if I may, 
because I think that we are in a scenario right now where, to 
secure the strategic materials that we need, especially in--I 
look at that through the defense supply chain--we need to have 
sensible mining permitting, right? We need to keep moving on 
this to secure the materials we need for our power supply. Now, 
we are not extremely energy-intensive ourselves, but we use 
input materials that need to be made here in the United States 
that require reliable and sizable energy inputs too create 
them--alloyed metals, thermoplastics, coming from Bill's side 
of the world.
    And I just would highlight, on that permitting side, that 
really we are talking about infrastructure of all sorts here, 
whether it is minerals extraction or whether it is power plants 
or whether it is distribution and other infrastructure.
    And so, when I think about the opportunities for power 
sources of the future, okay--modern advanced nuclear, 
windmills, solar panels--all of these things have to be 
connected to the grid using infrastructure that has to be 
permitted. We have to seize this moment here for this country, 
and we have to make that sensible and get going on it.
    And one of the things that I really look forward to, that I 
get to see in my slice of the world, are the opportunities for 
advanced aerial mobility, okay? Electrified or hydrogen-enabled 
clean transportation for the future. Well, how are we going to 
distribute that electricity to airports and rooftops where they 
have never been before? How are we going to develop that 
hydrogen infrastructure?
    All of this is only going to move at the speed of 
permitting. And so we need to clean that up now.
    Mr. STAUBER. I really appreciate that, the permitting and 
the NEPA regulations, what are stifling growth. I mean, you 
look at an average mine opening in the United States of America 
is 29 years?
    Mr. HUTTER. Sure.
    Mr. STAUBER. The only country that is longer is the country 
of Zambia. Give me a break, right? We need these minerals. And 
we know right now China is using that against us. They are 
stopping their exporting of antimony and other critical 
minerals that we need.
    Okay. With a simple ``yes'' or ``no,'' would you agree that 
extending the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act tax provisions would have a 
positive impact on your ability to reinvest in your workforce?
    Mr. Hutter?
    Mr. HUTTER. Absolutely.
    Mr. STAUBER. Mr. New?
    Mr. NEW. Absolutely.
    Mr. STAUBER. Ms. Frazier?
    Ms. FRAZIER. Absolutely.
    Mr. STAUBER. We have heard loud and clear that these tax 
credits are a lifeline for small businesses. My colleagues on 
the other side of the aisle should remember this when they 
vote, because standing in the way of these policies means 
standing in the way of Main Street America.
    Small businesses, we have always said, are the engine of 
our economy. We have to protect them and allow them to grow and 
prosper on the streets of this great nation.
    Mr. Chair, I yield back.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. The gentleman yields back.
    And I now recognize Ms. Simon from the great State of 
California for 5 minutes.
    Ms. SIMON. Thank you so much.
    And, Mr. Chair, like others on this Committee, I offer my 
condolences from a very deep place, also having lost my 
husband. I am hoping that Members in this building continue to 
shed love and prayers on you forever. And thank you for leading 
today.
    I also want to thank you, Mr. Chair, for working with my 
office to submit a bill that would protect small-business 
owners from the waste and abuse of criminals who did the wrong 
thing during the pandemic and took advantage of this Committee 
and of our federal government.
    There are small businesses around the country that know 
that they serve as the lifeblood of their communities, and they 
deserve ongoing support. In fact, you know, last week, during 
my first workweek, I was able to meet with the field 
representatives in the Small Business Administration's field 
office in the Bay Area. Wonderful folks, who literally that 
morning learned that all of the resources that they had for the 
thousands of small businesses in my community, they were on 
freeze.
    Nevertheless, they were willing to work with my office and 
my newly hired, very excited staff to go door to door in the 
seven cities that I represent to ensure that we were still 
going to work and that we cared that employment rates would 
continue to rise. We wanted to make sure that our small 
businesses were paying taxes to support our police and fire.
    And yet, only hours later--only hours later--we got a call 
from the young woman that I was talking to who worked at the 
Small Business Administration saying that she got a letter 
asking for her resignation.
    We are in trouble.
    So I have one quick question--and thank you for opening up 
an ice cream store. As a widow and a single mom, sometimes one 
of the small luxuries that I had in the darkest days was going 
to a small business and just being able to sit and talk to a 
small-business owner. I can't wait to taste your product at 
some point.
    I know I missed a lot of this hearing, because I am outside 
trying to defend this democracy as it continues to fall down. I 
am curious: In your speaking with other small-business owners, 
what has been some of the fallout and anxiety over this chaos, 
over this freeze?
    One day we are hearing one thing, and the other day we are 
hearing another. The portals are closed. Phones aren't being 
answered. Folks are trying to employ real people in communities 
and pay their rents.
    Can you give me a number of examples, in the 2 minutes that 
I have left, about what this fallout really means for real 
communities in terms of public safety and employment?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Well, many of the people that we have heard 
from at Main Street Alliance run childcare centers who are very 
scared of the funding freeze. So those are big examples. And 
one childcare center may take care of 45 or even 100 children. 
That is 100 or 200 parents who now can't go participate in the 
economy. So that has been a pretty huge one.
    Another thing----
    Ms. SIMON. May I ask a question?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Yes.
    Ms. SIMON. When a student, particularly a community college 
student, a poor single mother, let's say, like a teen mom, like 
I was, who went to community college and who used the 
neighborhood daycare center that got federal funds--now I have 
a master's degree--what happens when a single mother doesn't 
have childcare?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Well, if she can't go to work, she may lose 
her job.
    Ms. SIMON. And what happens when she loses her job?
    Ms. NEITZEL. If women and parents are losing their jobs 
because of a lack of childcare, it is sending them into a 
spiral to poverty quickly. If they can't feed their children 
because they can't work and they can't pay their rent--we have 
an endemic of homelessness in this country, many of which are 
children, and things like this only push us closer to more of 
that.
    Ms. SIMON. Ma'am, so are you alluding to what may in fact 
be--could be fact, that the EOs and that this very 
disillusioned communication from our administration about 
freezes and payouts could in fact cause our communities to be 
less safe, cause our single mothers to be less employed, folks 
may in fact have to drop out of college? Is that what you are 
implying, ma'am?
    Ms. NEITZEL. Yeah. The federal funding freeze is going to 
cause people to lose their jobs and push us toward recession.
    Ms. SIMON. But, ma'am, in my last 15 seconds, the 
administration says that the freeze is only--it may only be for 
a few seconds, a few days, a few weeks. What are the 
implications? And after your answer, I will yield.
    Ms. NEITZEL. The chaos is deafening for the small-business 
community in every way.
    Ms. SIMON. Thank you.
    I will yield back.
    Chairman WILLIAMS. The gentlelady yields back.
    And I would like to say something just real quick that I 
should have said, I failed to talk about when we started the 
hearing, is that you will periodically see many of us--you have 
seen it today--leave, come in, go back, go forth. You have seen 
Ranking Member do it; you have seen me do it. We are going to 
other committee hearings that we have. We are not mad at you or 
whatever. But I do want to make that--because that sometimes 
confuses people, that we all come and go and so forth. So that 
is what you saw there today.
    I want to say thank you to the witnesses for their 
testimony and for appearing before us today.
    Without objection, Members have 5 legislative days to 
submit additional materials and written questions for the 
witnesses to the Chair, which will be forwarded to the 
witnesses.
    I ask the witnesses to please respond promptly.
    And if there is no further business, without objection, the 
Committee is adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 12:26 p.m., the Committee was adjourned.]
                            
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