[Senate Hearing 118-740]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                                                        S. Hrg. 118-740

                    NOMINATION OF MARTIN J. O'MALLEY

=======================================================================

                                HEARING

                               BEFORE THE

                          COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                    ONE HUNDRED EIGHTEENTH CONGRESS

                             FIRST SESSION

                                 on the

                             NOMINATION OF

                MARTIN J. O'MALLEY, TO BE COMMISSIONER, 
                     SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION

                               __________

                            NOVEMBER 2, 2023

                               __________

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            Printed for the use of the Committee on Finance

                                __________

                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
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                          COMMITTEE ON FINANCE

                      RON WYDEN, Oregon, Chairman

DEBBIE STABENOW, Michigan            MIKE CRAPO, Idaho
MARIA CANTWELL, Washington           CHUCK GRASSLEY, Iowa
ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey          JOHN CORNYN, Texas
THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware           JOHN THUNE, South Dakota
BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland         TIM SCOTT, South Carolina
SHERROD BROWN, Ohio                  BILL CASSIDY, Louisiana
MICHAEL F. BENNET, Colorado          JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma
ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania   STEVE DAINES, Montana
MARK R. WARNER, Virginia             TODD YOUNG, Indiana
SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island     JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming
MAGGIE HASSAN, New Hampshire         RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin
CATHERINE CORTEZ MASTO, Nevada       THOM TILLIS, North Carolina
ELIZABETH WARREN, Massachusetts      MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee

                    Joshua Sheinkman, Staff Director

                Gregg Richard, Republican Staff Director

                                  (II)


                            C O N T E N T S

                              ----------                              

                           OPENING STATEMENTS

                                                                   Page
Wyden, Hon. Ron, a U.S. Senator from Oregon, chairman, Committee 
  on Finance.....................................................     1
Crapo, Hon. Mike, a U.S. Senator from Idaho......................     3
Cardin, Hon. Benjamin L., a U.S. Senator from Maryland...........     7

                                WITNESS

Mikulski, Hon. Barbara, a former U.S. Senator from Maryland......     5

                         ADMINISTRATION NOMINEE

O'Malley, Hon. Martin J., nominated to be Commissioner, Social 
  Security Administration, Baltimore, MD.........................     8

               ALPHABETICAL LISTING AND APPENDIX MATERIAL

Cardin, Hon. Benjamin L.:
    Opening statement............................................     7
Crapo, Hon. Mike:
    Opening statement............................................     3
    Prepared statement...........................................    43
Mikulski, Hon. Barbara:
    Testimony....................................................     5
    Prepared statement...........................................    44
O'Malley, Hon. Martin J.:
    Testimony....................................................     8
    Prepared statement...........................................    45
    Biographical information.....................................    46
    Responses to questions from committee members................    65
Wyden, Hon. Ron:
    Opening statement............................................     1
    Prepared statement...........................................    76

                             Communications

Alliance for Retired Americans...................................    79
American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees, 
  AFL-CIO........................................................    80
City of New Bedford, MA..........................................    80
Feds for Freedom.................................................    81

                                 (III)

 
                   NOMINATION OF MARTIN J. O'MALLEY,
                          TO BE COMMISSIONER,
                     SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION

                              ----------                              


                       THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 2023

                                       U.S. Senate,
                                      Committee on Finance,
                                                    Washington, DC.
    The hearing was convened, pursuant to notice, at 10:03 
a.m., in room SD-215, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Ron 
Wyden (chairman of the committee) presiding.
    Present: Senators Cantwell, Menendez, Carper, Cardin, 
Brown, Bennet, Casey, Whitehouse, Hassan, Cortez Masto, Crapo, 
Grassley, Cornyn, Thune, Daines, Young, and Blackburn.
    Also present: Democratic staff: Sam Conchuratt, 
Professional Staff Member; Joshua Sheinkman, Staff Director; 
Tiffany Smith, Deputy Staff Director and Chief Counsel; and 
Ryder Tobin, Senior Investigative Counsel and Nominations 
Advisor. Republican staff: Becky Cole, Chief Economist; Gregg 
Richard, Staff Director; and Lara Rosner, Social Security 
Policy Advisor.

   OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. RON WYDEN, A U.S. SENATOR FROM 
             OREGON, CHAIRMAN, COMMITTEE ON FINANCE

    The Chairman. The Finance Committee will come to order. 
This morning, we are meeting to consider the nomination of 
Governor Martin O'Malley to be Commissioner of the Social 
Security Administration. Before we get to Governor O'Malley 
though, I am going to introduce the beloved Senator, Barbara 
Mikulski.
    She and I served together, and she would often point to 
herself and point to me and would say something along the lines 
of ``great to see you'' to the guest. ``I'm the short of it,'' 
she would say, and then she would look up at me and go, ``He's 
the tall of it.'' [Laughter.]
    Senator Mikulski, you are going to get a formal 
introduction in a few minutes from your Senator from Maryland, 
but let me start first. You might say I was tall and you were 
short, but for all of us here in the Senate, you are the giant. 
You are the giant, and let us give her a big round of applause.
    [Applause.]
    The Chairman. What an extraordinary record Senator Mikulski 
has achieved in both the Senate and the House, and we are going 
to hear from her momentarily. Governor O'Malley, you are going 
to have to try to compete with this. This is going to be a 
challenge, but you have had a life of public service, and you 
have built a world-class reputation for harnessing technology 
to deliver transformative change in government.
    As Mayor of Baltimore, you established the Nation's first 
311 call center; very important. You helped people shop for 
services. You threw open the doors of government, and that is 
why none of us were surprised that the President nominated you 
to serve, because it is that kind of leadership that is needed 
at Social Security.
    This is a program that is a lifeline for millions of 
Americans. This is how I got my start in public service, as 
Senator Mikulski knows, when I was director of the Gray 
Panthers. This is an incredibly important program to help 
people with disabilities, surviving spouses, other Americans 
who earn benefits with every paycheck.
    Now, it is no secret that the Social Security 
Administration has had its share of challenges, from long lines 
stretching around field offices, phone systems crashing, 
outdated technology systems, and most recently low staff 
morale. There have been a lot of criticisms, and a lot of 
colleagues here in the Senate are talking about it, and we want 
to make some real changes.
    That said, we have the power of the purse and the pen, and 
we can take responsibility as well for Social Security's 
performance--and work with the person who fills the job that 
you have been nominated for to really get solutions to these 
concerns that our constituents are talking about.
    It is not surprising that customer service and staff morale 
improved as funding levels rose. It is also not surprising that 
backlogs and wait times grew as funding levels fell. Social 
Security's budget has been through the ringer over the last 
decade. Since 2010, the budget has fallen by 17 percent, while 
the number of beneficiaries has risen by 20 percent. So, if you 
look at the Social Security Administration, it is trying to do 
more with less money.
    Now, we can talk about all these numbers, but what this 
really means is parents and grandparents and folks with 
disabled children, they are waiting months, if not years, to 
get a decision on disability. Social Security's dedicated 
employees get overworked and burned out. They have, based on 
what we have seen, left to go work elsewhere.
    Every single member on this dais has talked about how 
important Social Security is to their constituents, and the 
message from this committee is that we should never cut 
benefits. That is something I agree with. Every American who 
has worked their whole life and paid into Social Security 
deserves platinum-level service. Well, what we have seen is 
that, because of cuts to Social Security, that has not always 
been the case.
    Now, in addition to the agency's funding challenges, we 
have our constituents coming to us with concerns that are not 
from Capitol hearing rooms, but from their own lives. Here is 
an example. I have a constituent in Albany, OR who receives 
Social Security SSI benefits--Supplemental Security Income 
benefits--because of a severe disability, and she lives in her 
parents' home.
    Although she is unable to work because of her disability, 
she still has paid half of her SSI benefit to her parents each 
month as rent. However, Social Security notified her recently 
that she owes the government more than $9,000 in overpaid 
benefits. It spans several years, because Social Security 
determined she received a rental subsidy from her parents. That 
is considered income under the Social Security Act.
    My staff has worked with her. She tried to appeal the 
overpayment, but so far, her appeal has been denied, and the 
reason is, the law is clear on it. So this constituent is being 
punished because her parents lent a helping hand to their 
child. Now, the agency has made notable strides to simplify SSI 
rules, including those related to housing support.
    But they are still hanging on, they are still tethered to 
some outdated laws. So I and several members of this committee 
have, on a bipartisan basis, joined Senator Brown and Senator 
Cassidy to champion bipartisan legislation to modernize SSI to 
make it easier for the beneficiaries to work, to save, to 
marry, and to simplify the program and reduce these 
overpayments. I am very proud to be supporting this bipartisan 
legislation that will speak to my constituents, whether they 
are in Albany, OR or anywhere else.
    And I am going to close with this: Social Security is at an 
inflection point. We can keep relying on these policies from 
yesteryear--that is one route. Congress is good at doing that, 
you know: let us just keep doing what we are doing. Or we can 
renew the program so that we can really achieve the kind of 
quality services that seniors, disabled folks, all these people 
walking on an economic tightrope, deserve. I believe, Governor 
O'Malley--having spent a lot of time talking with you, having 
listened to Senator Mikulski talk about your background--I 
think you are a person who can help restore the incredible 
promise of Social Security.
    So, we look forward to hearing from you. We are now going 
to hear from Senator Crapo, and then for the genuine, 
regulation introduction, we will go to Senator Cardin, and then 
we will hear from Senator Mikulski.
    Senator Crapo?
    [The prepared statement of Chairman Wyden appears in the 
appendix.]

             OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. MIKE CRAPO, 
                   A U.S. SENATOR FROM IDAHO

    Senator Crapo. Thank you, Senator Wyden. And, Governor 
O'Malley, congratulations on your nomination, and thank you for 
your willingness to serve.
    When we met, you asked me what I wanted of you, and I did 
not tell you we wanted you to change all of these policy 
problems, because that is not your job. It would not be your 
job as the Social Security Commissioner. I asked you to make 
sure the trains run on time, and to fix and simplify the 
system. That can be done administratively. I appreciate your 
willingness to address those kinds of issues.
    This nomination is long overdue, coming more than 2 years 
after President Biden removed the prior Senate-confirmed 
Commissioner. During this time, the Social Security 
Administration has struggled to fulfill its customer service 
mission.
    The Social Security Administration is responsible for 
overseeing the Social Security program, which provides more 
than $1 trillion in benefits to millions of seniors, 
individuals with disabilities, and their families every year. 
The SSA also administers the Supplemental Security Income 
program, which Senator Wyden has referenced, assigns Social 
Security numbers, and issues Social Security cards. Given the 
SSA's important responsibilities, the public rightly expects 
the agency to provide timely and responsive service. However, 
SSA is not currently living up to those expectations.
    For Fiscal Year 2023, Americans waited more than 7 months 
on average for a disability decision at the initial level. For 
those denied at the initial level, they waited another 7 months 
at the reconsideration level, and another nearly 15 months if 
they sought a hearing before an administrative law judge.
    While not all applicants will qualify for disability 
benefits, they all deserve to receive a decision within a 
reasonable period of time. The Social Security Administration 
must take additional steps to reduce wait times for disability 
decisions, and address outdated disability program rules.
    SSA's national 800 number is one of the primary channels 
for seeking assistance from the agency, and it must do more to 
address wait times. In Fiscal Year 2023, callers to the 
national 800 number waited more than 35 minutes on average to 
speak with a representative, compared to approximately 13 
minutes 2 years ago, and around 10 minutes a decade ago. SSA 
should also continue improving its online services, which not 
only increase flexibility for beneficiaries, but also allow the 
agency to be more efficient with its resources.
    Americans rightly expect that the Social Security 
Administration will be a responsible steward of taxpayer funds. 
However, for Fiscal Year 2021, the SSA issued approximately 
$2.49 billion in improper payments for Social Security, and 
$4.91 billion for SSI. The agency has additional tools to 
prevent improper payments before they occur, and the agency 
should use them.
    Finally, while the President and Congress are tasked with 
ensuring Social Security's long-term solvency, the SSA plays a 
critical role in making sure that the administration, Congress, 
and the public have accurate and timely information about the 
program's long-term finances.
    This year, for the first time in over a decade, the Social 
Security trustees report was delivered to Congress by the 
statutory April 1st deadline. I expect a new Commissioner to 
help ensure that the trustees report deadline is treated as a 
deadline, not a suggestion.
    Governor O'Malley, if confirmed, you will face immense 
challenges and a relatively short time line to get the Social 
Security Administration back on track. This may all be a tall 
order, but the American people deserve nothing less.
    I look forward to hearing your testimony and responses to 
questions today, so that we can better understand how you would 
evaluate and address SSA's customer service challenges; what 
specific data you would look at to evaluate the use of 
telework; how you would ensure that the SSA's independent 
status is maintained in practice; and what would be your top 
areas of focus with respect to modernizing SSA's information 
technology.
    Thank you again, Mr. Chairman, and thank you again, 
Governor O'Malley, for being willing to take on this task.
    [The prepared statement of Senator Crapo appears in the 
appendix.]
    The Chairman. Thank you, Senator Crapo.
    Now we are going to hear from Senator Mikulski, and that is 
because of the graciousness of your colleague from Maryland, 
Senator Cardin. He looked over at me and said, ``Senator 
Mikulski first.'' So, Senator, wonderful to have you. Please 
proceed.

              STATEMENT OF HON. BARBARA MIKULSKI,
              A FORMER U.S. SENATOR FROM MARYLAND

    Senator Mikulski. Mr. Chairman and Senator Cardin, thank 
you for your graciousness, as always. But, Mr. Chairman, Mr. 
Ranking Member Senator Crapo, thank you very much for inviting 
me to appear before the Finance Committee on the nomination of 
Martin O'Malley.
    Why am I here to testify? Well, this is my first time back 
in Dirksen in 5 years, because of COVID and other dynamics. But 
I also believe when you hang it up, do not hang around. But I 
wanted to come here today at your invitation, Mr. Chairman, 
with the concurrence of the ranking member, to introduce and 
talk about my knowledge of the nominee, Governor Martin 
O'Malley, and also because of the hometown pride we feel in the 
Social Security Administration.
    We in Maryland have a lot of home-state pride to have the 
Social Security Administration headquartered in Maryland, where 
it has been for 88 years since Social Security was originally 
passed with the work of the Congress, working with the 
President.
    We have a lot of pride in this where, as I said, first in 
downtown--the city of Baltimore--and then in Woodlawn. Back in 
the 1930s, when people were choking in the Dust Bowl or not 
working in the Rust Bowl, Americans needed a safety net, and 
that is when Social Security was created.
    For 88 years, the Social Security Administration did not 
miss a payment, but it is in much need of management reform. 
The chairman, the ranking member, others, have catalogued all 
of the constituent delivery services that are so familiar to 
this committee, and the due diligence you are applying to fix 
it.
    But so many Americans depend on their Social Security, not 
only as a lifeline, but a life preserver that keeps them 
afloat. The challenges of the Social Security Administration 
are vast, but the hard-working men and women of the Social 
Security Administration need a strong, confirmed operational 
leader, and the American people need a Social Security 
Administration that works for them.
    That is why I believe that Martin O'Malley will provide the 
leadership and the management skills to do that. I have known 
Governor O'Malley personally for more than 3 decades. Actually, 
I knew him when he had more law books than ties. When I ran for 
the Senate so many years ago in 1987, I recruited Martin 
O'Malley to be my field director.
    He was a law student. He was a brilliant organizer. He 
helped me win, and then I went on to govern. Martin O'Malley 
also chose a life of service. Service is in Governor O'Malley's 
DNA. His father was a strong personality who went into service; 
his mother worked in constituent services for me for a number 
of years. His wife is a district court judge.
    He went to schools like Gonzaga and Catholic U that 
reinforced again the ethic of service to people and making the 
world a better place. So Martin O'Malley ran for the Baltimore 
City Council. I served there too. In Baltimore, we call it the 
Pothole Parliament, because you have to really worry about the 
nuts and bolts of delivering service. Then he became Mayor.
    Well, when he became Mayor, people wondered whether he was 
going to--he has a flare, a public flare, a persona. He sings, 
he plays the guitar, but he is also an excellent manager. So 
people wondered was Martin O'Malley going to be a showboat? But 
guess what? He turned out to be a tugboat.
    He actually moved the ship of state in the right direction, 
often pulling it against its will. He had a knack for 
organization, understanding the new technology and how to use 
technology to be data-driven, metric-assessed, to use that 
technology to motivate, not to castigate the employees to do a 
better job.
    Now, Governor O'Malley is not a big government guy. He is a 
smart government guy. He believes you use modern management 
tools to organize a workforce around a mission, measurable 
objectives, and also stay within the budget and on line. In 
Baltimore, in the City Council, we had to have a balanced 
budget. You could not just run your agency on, you know, make-
believe.
    When you are the Governor of the State of Maryland, again, 
there is a constitutional mandate to pass a balanced budget. So 
the Governor, Governor O'Malley, knows how to work within 
budgetary lines, master technology using data, metrics, and so 
on, to deploy the right resources to the right people to do the 
job, and then really measure--measure--performance to not 
castigate but to motivate.
    Using that, I believe, is what Social Security needs now. 
Social Security does need a seasoned leader, and Martin 
O'Malley would be one that would provide that. As I said, we 
take great pride in the Social Security Administration there. 
The workers are really overwhelmed. The technology is really 
dated. The facilities are pretty tired, as are often the 
workers.
    And then you outlined, Mr. Chairman and others, really what 
constituents are facing and so on. So this is why I think that 
he brings the commitment to service, the skill set to do that 
job, a sense of fiscal responsibility, and an understanding 
that Congress makes the policy; the administrator implements it 
following the law and congressional intent.
    So, I really think Governor O'Malley will do that job, and 
I commend him to you for your consideration in the due 
diligence you apply on all nominees.
    Thank you.
    [The prepared statement of Senator Mikulski appears in the 
appendix.]
    The Chairman. Thank you, Senator.
    Governor, what a send-off. That was Exhibit A of a 
complimentary and richly deserved send-off. And I will only 
tell you, my mother used to say after a basketball game, 
``Dear, just make sure you are out there running with the right 
crowd.''
    When you are with Senator Mikulski, you are running with 
the right crowd. You are a lucky fellow.
    All right. Senator Cardin?

         OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, 
                  A U.S. SENATOR FROM MARYLAND

    Senator Cardin. Senator Wyden, Senator Crapo, thank you 
very much for holding this hearing for Governor O'Malley's 
nomination, and thank you for inviting back Barbara Mikulski. 
Team Maryland is having a reunion. Barbara was the founder and 
leader of Team Maryland. That is where we worked with Governor 
O'Malley and Mayor O'Malley, and we worked together as a team.
    And thank you for having Senator Mikulski back so we could 
all update our book on the Mikulski one-liners. You've got some 
fresh new one-liners. We appreciate that very much, Barb.
    Senator Mikulski. I have had a long time to think about 
them.
    Senator Cardin. So, I have known Governor O'Malley--I knew 
him when he was a city councilperson and took on some 
incredible challenges in Baltimore City. I knew him when he was 
Mayor of Baltimore, and had a chance to see him take on some of 
the toughest challenges that we have ever seen, including 
public safety, our schools--just incredible challenges with 
limited resources.
    I have seen him as Governor of Maryland, where he excelled 
in really bringing our State together, and encompassing so much 
as Governor. I have known him as a friend; I have known him as 
a public servant. And, Governor O'Malley, you were trained very 
well by Senator Mikulski, and we appreciate that.
    There is not a challenge that he will back away from; I can 
tell you that personally. He will take on any challenge. And I 
just want to share with you, I was at City Hall when Governor 
O'Malley set up CitiStat. This was a novel approach I had never 
seen really carried out by a chief executive of a city.
    He had ways in which he brought his agency heads in on a 
regular basis, with specific objectives that they needed to 
accomplish: it may have been to reduce the delays on some city 
services; it might have been to deal with the maintenance of 
our streets. And then on a regular basis, he had the stats to 
see whether they were performing as they should. That is called 
accountability.
    He held his team accountable, and the results were just 
incredible. I saw him with StateStat, as he transitioned from 
city government to the State government. He is an incredible 
manager, which is exactly what the Social Security 
Administration needs.
    He will do what is necessary in order, Senator Crapo, to 
get the trains running on time, because that is exactly what we 
need to make sure happens. So let me just quote from the former 
Mayor of Indianapolis and the current director of the Kennedy 
School of Government, Steve Goldsmith, and what he said about 
Governor O'Malley. ``There are leaders who will charismatically 
rally the city, those who work well with communities, those who 
can manage well, and those who lead well. But what Martin 
O'Malley brings in person is the full complement of those 
skills.''
    I think that really tells us the talent that we have before 
us who is willing to take on this challenge at the Social 
Security Administration. This is a critically important agency. 
Sixty-six million Americans, one out of every five, depend upon 
the benefits and services of the Social Security 
Administration. And it is personal to me, because I am one of 
those 66 million. So we all recognize how important this is.
    I want to thank you, Martin O'Malley, for being willing to 
take on this challenge. Thank you for your life service, public 
service. Thank you, Katie and the entire family, because we 
know the family is in on all of this. And I hope, Mr. Chairman, 
that we can hear from Governor O'Malley, consider his 
nomination quickly, and approve him so he can get to work.
    The Chairman. Well said, Senator Cardin, and good luck, 
Governor, trying to match all of this. Senator Mikulski, 
Senator Cardin, it has been quite a beginning. And, Senator 
Mikulski, you are always welcome. You are welcome to stay, and 
we know also that you have a very busy schedule teaching at 
Johns Hopkins. So, if you need to go to your students, we 
understand.
    Senator Mikulski. Mr. Chairman, Senator Crapo, I would like 
to extend, if I could, a word of ``hello'' to my friend Senator 
Grassley. I did not have a chance to greet him or you, Senator 
Cornyn. Good to say ``hi.''
    The Chairman. Thank you, Senator Mikulski. Okay.
    [Applause.]
    The Chairman. All right. We are going to move along, just 
as Senator Cardin recommended, and next we will hear from 
Governor O'Malley.

     STATEMENT OF HON. MARTIN J. O'MALLEY, NOMINATED TO BE 
  COMMISSIONER, SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, BALTIMORE, MD

    Governor O'Malley. Chairman Wyden, thank you very, very 
much. Ranking Member Crapo, members of the committee, thank you 
for holding this hearing. I am going to ask you to indulge me 
on a couple of really essential other ``thank you''s, and that 
is, thank you to Senator Ben Cardin, and also thank you, former 
Senator Barbara Mikulski, two of the most outstanding United 
States Senators that our State has ever sent to Washington, and 
that is saying a lot, because Maryland, in addition to crab 
cakes and football, produces outstanding United States 
Senators.
    I want to thank you both for your leadership and what you 
have done for America and also for the people of Maryland. I 
want to thank President Biden for his trust in me. And finally 
I want to thank my wife, Judge Katie Curran O'Malley, and my 
children, Grace and Tara and William and Jack, for their 
steadfast support in this challenge and indeed every call to 
public service that our family has answered.
    When I was a boy, I was taught by my parents--who were 
themselves children of the Depression, young people who were 
tested in their service in the second World War--that the 
greatness of our country is found in the care and concern we 
show for one another, especially people who are sick, people 
who are elderly and living alone, people living with 
disabilities, children, each of them our neighbor, who would 
otherwise go hungry.
    Social Security is the most far-reaching and important act 
of social and economic justice that the people of the United 
States of America have ever enacted for one another. For tens 
of millions of Americans across our country, Social Security 
today is the difference between living with dignity or living 
in poverty. And for a remarkable 88 years, as Senator Mikulski 
mentioned, without ever missing a single benefit payment, 
Social Security has strived to provide the right amount to the 
right person at the right time--and I might add, at a massive 
scale. And for the long arc of its history, Social Security has 
done so with a high degree of accuracy.
    But today, for all of its historic strengths, we must 
acknowledge that Social Security faces a customer service 
crisis. The truth is today, the Social Security Administration 
is serving 50 percent more customers and beneficiaries with the 
same staffing it had 28 years ago in 1995.
    In fact, last year was a 25-year low in Social Security 
staffing. What does that mean? That means that today, a senior 
citizen who calls the 800 number of the Social Security 
Administration will face an average hold time of 37 long 
minutes. Today, an American in need of disability benefits will 
wait 220 days for an initial disability determination, and 
perhaps as long as 2 years for the successive mandatory 
appeals.
    This is not the greatness of America. This is not 
acceptable. If someone wants a face-to-face meeting with a 
Social Security employee in a field office to claim their 
benefits, they should be able to get one. If you are a person 
already living with a severe disability, you should not have to 
be dragged through 2 years of so-called due process in order to 
receive the benefits for which you have already spent a 
lifetime working. We can and we must do better, as an agency 
and as a Nation.
    President Biden nominated me for this position because I 
have the leadership skills, the management skills, and the 
experience needed at this moment to lead Social Security 
forward. As a Mayor, I learned there is no Democratic or 
Republican way to fill a pothole, and as the Governor I learned 
that the biggest and toughest challenges can only be tackled 
with some degree of bipartisan consensus and cooperation.
    But as both a Mayor and a Governor, I developed a 
discipline--tipped to it by smarter and far more experienced 
people than I. I developed a discipline for harnessing data and 
information technologies in ways that got the best out of 
large, siloed organizations, of people that many inside and 
outside of government thought were too unwieldy, too slow, or 
too steeped in excuses to change.
    Despite the challenges the agency faces, I have no doubt 
whatsoever that the dedicated, patriotic, and hardworking men 
and women of the Social Security Administration of the United 
States of America are up to this moment, and so am I.
    With your consent and confirmation, it would be the honor 
of a lifetime to lead Social Security's outstanding public 
servants forward together in such an important mission, and it 
would be an enormous privilege and honor to be able to make 
sure that each of you is provided with, as our Nation's 
policymakers, the very best information you need to make the 
decisions necessary for the long-term sustainability and 
strength of Social Security.
    And so, with deep humility, I look forward to receiving 
your advice. I greatly appreciate the time that so many of you 
have made available to see me in your offices, and I look 
forward to answering your questions today and hopefully earning 
your consent.
    Thank you.
    [The prepared statement of Governor O'Malley appears in the 
appendix.]
    The Chairman. Thank you very much, Governor O'Malley. We 
have some obligatory questions, and then we will get into the 
questions from members. First Governor, is there anything that 
you are aware of in your background that might present a 
conflict of interest with the duties of the office to which you 
have been nominated?
    Governor O'Malley. No, Mr. Chairman.
    The Chairman. Second, do you know of any reason, personal 
or otherwise, that would in any way prevent you from fully and 
honorably discharging the responsibilities of the office to 
which you have been nominated?
    Governor O'Malley. No sir.
    The Chairman. Third, do you agree, without reservation, to 
respond to any reasonable summons to appear and testify before 
any duly constituted committee of the Congress if you are 
confirmed?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes, Mr. Chairman.
    The Chairman. Finally, do you commit to providing a prompt 
response in writing to any questions addressed to you by any 
Senator of this committee?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes sir.
    The Chairman. We appreciate your responses, Governor. Now 
we are going to go to member questions. Let me tell you what is 
on my mind, Governor, because this is what members have asked 
me about your nomination. You have, through much of your adult 
life, held political office: Mayor, Governor. You were a 
candidate for President of the United States.
    This position that you have been nominated for is not about 
politics. It is not about politics at all. It is about service. 
It is about service to the millions of people whom we have been 
talking about. How do you feel about this transition to a 
position that is all about service?
    Governor O'Malley. Well, what you just laid out is what 
made me excited to say ``yes,'' and I did not hesitate for an 
instant. I was honored, as you mentioned, to have been able to 
run for office and to serve in elected office.
    But I was also--I cannot--how do I say this? I do not miss 
a lot of the aspects of running for office, and I have an 
enormous amount of respect for all of you who nonetheless grind 
yourself through what is required: you know, the time on the 
phone, the time balancing duties here and duties at home.
    What excites me about this challenge is that it is all 
about operations. It is all about improving customer service. 
And quite honestly, after being a Mayor and being a Governor, 
the one piece of it that I really truly do miss--well, there 
are a couple. But one that I really, truly miss is pulling 
people together around the data, the information--you know, 
being in the center of the huddle, running plays, measuring 
yardage, seeing if what we are doing is actually working to 
improve customer service.
    That is what I was able to do with a dedicated group of 
people in the city of Baltimore, and that is what we did when I 
was Governor. And I believe that Social Security has a much 
higher velocity of change that it is capable of than what we 
have seen so far.
    The Chairman. Now, you get high marks for your management 
record. People referred that to us again and again when they 
said, ``Look at the Governor's record in terms of management.'' 
What do you think are your key strengths in the management 
area?
    Governor O'Malley. Senator, I would say that the key 
strength is--you know, I have learned and I have taught in a 
number of universities, courses in public administration. An 
older Jesuit friend of mine said, ``You really do not know what 
you know until you try to teach it a few times.''
    I believe some of the most important lessons I learned as a 
manager, and the things that we put into practice, involved 
really bringing people together in a much more regular--every 2 
weeks, every 2 weeks, every 2 weeks--cadence of accountability 
and collaboration, to ask one overriding question, and that is, 
are the things we are doing working or not?
    If they were working, we came back 2 weeks later to try to 
do more of them. If they were not working, we shifted tactics, 
shifted strategies. What I have seen across the country is a 
tendency that most governments have to fall into an annual 
cadence called ``budget inputs.''
    But once you create a winnable game with a compelling 
scoreboard--and this is more important the larger the agency 
is. It is amazing how people start to lean forward, how people 
start to play differently, how people have a much easier time 
remembering what they committed to their colleagues over the 
last 2 weeks, and what they committed to do in the next 2 
weeks, than they do remembering last year's budget.
    So that is what I learned: bring people together every 2 
weeks, every 2 weeks, measure performance, and lift up the 
leaders in the eyes of their peers.
    The Chairman. I like the accountability that you have 
described. That is very constructive.
    One last question in my round. Let's talk about reducing 
overpayments. And I remember back in the days when I ran the 
legal aid program for senior citizens at home, we saw how 
important it was that Social Security pay the right person the 
right amount at the right time, because if you do not get that 
right, it causes bedlam so often in the lives of people you are 
serving who are walking on an economic tightrope. And they've 
got to get the amount right, because it could be rent, it could 
be groceries, it could be gas.
    It is imperative that Social Security get this right, and 
there has been a real challenge in terms of the red tape and 
the follow-through, that frankly is one of the things I like so 
much about your candidacy. For example, in 2015 a bipartisan 
group worked to pass legislation to create a data exchange that 
would significantly reduce overpayments for seniors and 
disabled folks. Eight years later--what seems like an eternity 
to people who are trying to get this stuff sorted out--it is 
still not online, and the longer Social Security drags its 
feet, the more seniors and disabled folks are going to get 
hurt.
    So my question here is, if confirmed, will you give this 
committee--all of us will share in on a bipartisan basis--a 
concrete timetable on the system's implementation? And we would 
ask that we could have that timetable for getting it done 
within 30 days after you have been confirmed.
    Governor O'Malley. Well, of course, Senator. There are so 
many things I am looking forward to drawing myself into, but it 
breaks my heart when I hear stories like the one that you just 
shared from Oregon. A woman just suddenly finds she has to pay 
$9,000 back, and this is somebody living on SSI.
    Timely, accurate information shared by all is the key to 
more effectively serving people and to higher and better 
collaboration.
    The Chairman. Very good.
    Senator Crapo?
    Senator Crapo. Well, thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. 
And, Governor O'Malley, I was very heartened by your opening 
statement. I appreciated the fact that you candidly acknowledge 
that the Social Security system is not where it ought to be in 
a number of areas. You heard me outline some of them. You 
outlined some of them. You have heard others today as well.
    And I heard you say that you feel that there's a way to get 
the Social Security Administration to perform at its peak and 
best levels, and I appreciate that. You know today, in the 
United States, I think that people have a feeling about 
government agencies in general, not just the Social Security 
Administration, but maybe the words ``government bureaucracy'' 
symbolize what people think. Or maybe the notion, well, that is 
good enough for government work--a comment you have probably 
heard before, this notion that we just are not getting 
performance from, not only the Social Security Administration, 
but from pretty much any government bureaucratic agency today.
    We have concerns about every one of them not performing the 
tasks that they need to perform and doing them efficiently and 
at a high-caliber standard. If you are confirmed, what would be 
your top areas of focus with respect to making sure that the 
Social Security Administration performed at that peak level 
that it ought to be performing at, for customer service?
    Governor O'Malley. Senator, I believe the top priority is 
to--as large as Social Security is, there are lagging 
indicators that are pretty clear that we have to meet. But what 
is not as clear are the measurements on the tactics and 
strategies and actions that will drive you to the lagging 
indicators.
    In other words, people can gather around the table every 
month and stare at the hold times on the 800 number or the 
backlog and shake their heads and wag fingers, but that is not 
what is going to improve it. You have to actually measure the 
leading actions. In my advice that I have provided to other 
Mayors and Governors across the country--you know, everybody 
wants the dashboard on the end indicators.
    But what we really need are leaders that bring people 
together to ask the questions about whether the actions, 
tactics, and strategies are driving us there. That is what we 
need to do at Social Security--and I will stop there.
    Senator Crapo. Well, thank you. You actually anticipated my 
second question, because I was going to ask you, how do you 
measure this? How are you going to measure this and get to the 
objectives? I look forward to seeing how you approach this, and 
maybe that can be in this 30-day report that Senator Wyden 
asked you about----
    The Chairman. Very good.
    Senator Crapo [continuing]. To give us some ideas about 
that.
    For my last question, I would like to talk to you about 
information technology investments. The Social Security 
Administration's information technology plays a critical role 
in the agency's ability to serve the public. While SSA has 
taken steps to modernize its IT, there is still a lot of work 
that needs to be done to reduce its reliance on legacy systems 
and increase online service offerings.
    If confirmed, what would be your top areas of focus with 
respect to modernizing the SSA's information technology?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes. Senator, we need to bring in the 
best people, not only across our Federal Government--like the 
U.S. Digital Service--but we need to be open to the private 
sector and the things they are already doing that we can learn 
from.
    I will need to do a rapid assessment of systems, the 
alignment of those systems. And in doing so, there are two 
people who are going to be in the forefront of my mind: first, 
the customer. So, a customer-centered approach: how is the 
customer being served? And directly related to that, what is 
the experience of the front-line worker? I have heard stories 
about SSA waiting years and years for some minimal viable 
product to finally roll out, only to have the workers be 
demoralized and throw up their hands and say, ``This does not 
work for us. It adds more time for us.''
    So I am looking forward to sitting down beside those 
workers. You know, one of the important things to remember as 
an executive is, your job is not to have all the answers. Your 
job is to listen to the people who do, at least when it comes 
to the things that they do.
    Related to the technology data system assessments, I think 
it is really, really important to have a robust IV&V contractor 
looking over the shoulder. Not somebody who is friends with the 
prime, but to do the independent verification and validation, 
so that we do not have the overruns, the delays.
    Senator Crapo. Thank you.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you.
    The Chairman. Very logical. There is not enough logic 
around here. Thank you.
    Senator Grassley is next.
    Senator Grassley. When you came to my office, I wouldn't 
ask you any ``gotcha'' questions unless I was going to do that 
here. So I hope these are legitimate approaches to things.
    The Social Security Administration was reestablished as an 
independent agency under President Clinton. In 1994, Senator 
Moynihan argued making the system an independent agency would 
help ``insulate the program from partisan politics.'' I have 
three questions, but just consider them as one question.
    Should you be confirmed as Commissioner, will you commit to 
keeping the SSA insulated from politics and not taking 
positions on political issues or initiatives? I ask this 
question because your predecessor was fired for politics. So 
what does ``independent'' mean to you vis-a-vis your 
relationship with President Biden?
    Governor O'Malley. Senator, I have read, actually, the 
statute that made it an independent agency. I think there has 
been some creative tension between Social Security being an 
independent agency operating above politics, if you will, or 
without regard to the politics, and what the Supreme Court has 
said is the prerogative of any elected executive to have and 
appoint their own Cabinet members.
    For my part, as I look at this duty, I believe first and 
foremost I have a responsibility to advocate for the agency, to 
advocate for the long-term health and well-being of that 
agency; and second, to make sure that each member of this 
committee, and indeed any member of Congress, is provided with 
reliable data and accurate evidence so that you can make the 
policy while, in the words of the minority leader, I make the 
trains run on time.
    Senator Grassley. Can I concentrate just a little bit on 
that last point, your relationship with the President, being an 
independent agency, as Senator Moynihan indicated?
    Governor O'Malley. And, Senator, I mean, I am certainly 
here because President Biden nominated me. I have known him for 
many years, worked with him--and some of you--on the American 
Recovery and Reinvestment Act----
    Senator Grassley. Well then, in light of the fact that your 
predecessor was fired for politics----
    Governor O'Malley. Senator, I never had met that gentleman, 
and I was not involved in the administration at that time. I 
received a call earlier in this year, and the White House asked 
me if I would be willing to take on this big challenge, and I 
said ``yes.''
    I think others might be able to unpack more of the 
constitutional law and the Supreme Court rulings on those 
things, but I think that the head of Social Security has to 
realize that she or he is heading an entity that Congress 
intends to be independent, even if the Supreme Court says the 
President has his prerogatives in choosing Cabinet members.
    Senator Grassley. Every year, the Social Security Board of 
Trustees urges lawmakers to act sooner rather than later to 
shore up the trust fund. As Commissioner, what would you see as 
your role in addressing Social Security's long-term solvency, 
or would that be no role whatsoever, since it is up to Congress 
to make the decision?
    Governor O'Malley. Senator, thank you. There is an urgent 
crisis that we face now of customer service, but there is one 
over the horizon with regard to solvency. This is how I would 
see my role in that, and that would be to be an effective 
administrator, executing the will of the President of the 
United States and Congress, improving services to people.
    But one aspect of this job is making sure that you get the 
best numbers that you can possibly get on the policy options 
before you, in that solvency debate. In other words--Senator 
Cassidy and I had some time to talk, and he used the analogy of 
dials. He said we need to have an evidence-based conversation 
about what the value of each of those dials is, as we look to 
restore solvency. So policy, Senator, is your prerogative. I 
would not step on that prerogative.
    I will defend the agency, and most importantly, I will make 
sure you get the evidence and the numbers you need to evaluate 
what is best for the people over the long haul.
    Senator Grassley. This will be my last question. One item 
that is sorely in need of updating is the official jobs listing 
that the Social Security Administration uses to determine if 
there is a job in the national economy that a disability 
applicant is able to perform.
    The official job listing has not been updated since 1977, 
and includes jobs that are obsolete in today's economy, while 
omitting positions that have arisen due to advances in 
technology. Before I ask my question, outside the fact that 
this is 40, what 47 years since it has been updated, I do not 
know how government could be that unreliable in keeping things 
updated.
    But as Commissioner, where would updating the official job 
listing stand in your list of priorities?
    Governor O'Malley. It would be a high priority, Senator. I 
have read some of those stories too, people being told that 
they can go get a job as a seal killer some place or those 
other outrageous examples.
    If you talk to somebody like, I don't know, some of these 
search firms that recruit people for jobs, I am quite sure they 
have a much more extensive and up-to-date list than the Federal 
Government has, and I would look forward to working with you on 
that. It would be a high priority.
    The Chairman. The time of the gentleman has expired.
    Senator Cornyn is next.
    Senator Cornyn. Thank you, Governor, for being willing to 
take on this challenge. If your job is to make sure the trains 
are running on time, do you think it is important for us to 
make sure that there is something in those cars? In other 
words, Senator Grassley broached the topic of solvency in 
Social Security.
    According to published reports, Social Security will become 
insolvent by 2033 unless Congress does something different; 
Medicare will become insolvent by 2031--just to cover a few 
facts with you. I am sure you are aware of all of this.
    Right now, our debt-to-GDP ratio is 100 percent. We spent 
$659 billion so far this year just on interest on the debt--
$659 billion just to pay interest to the bondholders in China 
and Japan and elsewhere around the world. As you know, 
mandatory spending, which includes Social Security and 
Medicare, roughly is two-thirds of all Federal spending, so 
that contributes disproportionately to the debt that I 
mentioned just a moment ago.
    Try as we may, trying to deal with this strictly in 
discretionary spending--which is one-third of that spending, 
including the 8 percent that is spent just on interest alone--
we cannot get to the balance dealing just with discretionary 
spending.
    Obviously, our goal should be to save Social Security and 
Medicare and not cut them. You have been in politics a while. 
You understand what a political football this can be, but at 
some point, it seems to me that people in politics need to have 
the courage to speak the truth about where we are and what 
direction we are heading when it comes to Federal spending.
    Right now, we are debating a supplemental appropriation 
bill--the House is--for Israel, to help them defend their 
country against terrorists known as Hamas. We know the 
President has also requested money for Ukraine, a total of, I 
think, $106 billion in supplemental appropriation request.
    The President also sent us another $50-billion domestic 
supplemental as well. I think you can tell the direction I am 
heading here, the gist of my concerns. But unless we do 
something different than we have been doing, we are heading 
toward a disaster, a disaster for the seniors who depend on 
Social Security and Medicare, and a disaster for our country, 
because we will not have the financial ability to actually deal 
with emergencies like what is happening in Israel, what is 
happening in Ukraine, and other places around the world.
    So do you agree with me that we are heading in a bad 
direction?
    Governor O'Malley. I believe the world only spins forward, 
and I am an optimist, Senator. I believe if I can address 
directly the Social Security aspect, I mean, I think there are 
some interesting things.
    Senator Cardin will recall the Medicare waiver that we 
arranged for the State of Maryland. We stopped paying the 
hospitals as if they were the Marriott Hotel--by how many beds 
they could fill up--and we have saved the Federal Government a 
billion dollars.
    But to your question about Social Security, this is the 
beauty of Social Security, that it is a currently funded 
system. In other words, when people work, they pay into it. A 
reserve has been built up, and those dollars are dedicated 
there.
    If you were to look at GDP and Social Security's percentage 
of GDP, it has pretty much clipped along at, I think, 4 
percent-ish and is not seeing those sharp spikes, that kind of 
hockey stick movement that you allude to where health care is 
concerned.
    Senator Cornyn. Is it your understanding that current 
benefits to Social Security recipients are paid out of the 
trust fund or those financial transactions on the balance sheet 
of the Federal Government that essentially add to the national 
debt?
    Governor O'Malley. No. It is my position that they are paid 
by people paying into it. In other words, last year Social 
Security paid out $1.24 trillion. They brought in $1.22 
trillion, and then the reserve that had been built up is $2.83 
trillion, so they had to tap that to make up that difference.
    So, it is all well, as people anticipated in 1983 when they 
created some changes to extend solvency.
    Senator Cornyn. Do you know what the administration's plan 
is to save Social Security?
    Governor O'Malley. No, sir.
    Senator Cornyn. Did you talk to the President or any of his 
advisors about that in your discussions with him about this 
nomination?
    Governor O'Malley. Not yet. But I did read and I followed 
what he said in his presidential campaign, and----
    Senator Cornyn. What did you say in your presidential 
campaign about Social Security?
    Governor O'Malley. I said----
    The Chairman. The time of my colleague has expired, and as 
we said----
    Senator Cornyn. I think he was getting ready to answer my 
question.
    Governor O'Malley. I said similar things, and, Senator, I 
submitted--I am not trying to be coy. I mean, it is in the 
Senate Finance questionnaire. One of the wonderful questions 
they ask of somebody who has run for office is, give us 
everything you have ever published or said online for the 
last--since getting out of college.
    So I do have my position, and I highlighted that one in the 
first 20 pages that were on that Senate Finance questionnaire. 
But I do have my position there, and the President's is pretty 
well-known, I think, his position on solvency.
    The Chairman. The time of my colleague has expired.
    I would just say to colleagues on both sides of the aisle, 
there was a reason that I asked the first question the way I 
asked it, because this is not a position where you are supposed 
to do politics. You are supposed to do service.
    Senator Cornyn. You said ``politics''? Were you suggesting 
my questions had to do with politics as opposed to policy?
    The Chairman. I am not saying anything, other than there 
was a reason I asked my question the way I asked it.
    Senator Cornyn. Well, Mr. Chairman, I do not accept the 
fact that you would try to censor members of the Senate asking 
questions of witnesses during nomination hearings.
    The Chairman. Not only--not only did I not censor my 
colleague----
    Senator Cornyn. I was trying to be respectful of the 
Governor, and I am confident he will do a good job. I just hope 
he still has a trust fund to administer.
    The Chairman. Not only did I not censor my colleague, I 
allowed him extra time to ask his question.
    Senator Cardin, you are next.
    Senator Cardin. Senator Cantwell is here.
    The Chairman. Excuse me, Senator Cantwell. We missed you. 
Apologies.
    Senator Cantwell. Thank you. Thank you, Chair Wyden, and 
congratulations on your nomination.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you, Senator.
    Senator Cantwell. We had a chance to discuss a couple of 
issues about Social Security in my office, but one of those was 
about chained CPI, and the notion that sometimes people think 
that a change to the formula is not a decrease in benefits. So 
where are you on chained CPI?
    Governor O'Malley. I believe that was a policy question 
asked and answered. And if I am not mistaken, I believe that 
you and Senator Mikulski were both leaders in rejecting that, 
because it would diminish and weaken Social Security rather 
than strengthen it for so many people.
    Senator Cantwell. Well, 1.4 million people in Washington 
State, or 18 percent of our population, rely on these Social 
Security benefits, and I opposed in 2013 switching to that 
index calculation, because it would reduce the annual cost-of-
living increase for our seniors.
    And so, various times, various administrations come in and 
try to propose this, and I want to make sure that I am on the 
record making sure that that is not something that you would be 
for.
    Governor O'Malley. That is true, yes.
    Senator Cantwell. Thank you so much. And you prioritized 
financial responsibility during your time as Maryland Governor. 
What approach do you think we need to continue to focus on 
here--and you mentioned the communication, to just getting the 
phones answered, and making sure that we deliver on service. 
Could you expound on that?
    Governor O'Malley. Sure, Senator; thank you. Social 
Security is an organization that is steeped in tradition--very 
large, serves people on a massive scale. They also happen to 
have some of the best data and information that other partner 
agencies--interagencies as well as thousands of people need to 
ping off that data in order to do their business.
    What Social Security has need of is a common operating 
platform that allows everybody to see what is happening in the 
organization. Right now, if you look at their org chart, it is 
massive and it is extremely siloed.
    The key to collaboration and improving customer service, as 
well as efficiency, as well as staying on budget, is to break 
ourselves out of 240 years of tradition that says, that is my 
data, that is my budget, or information is to be hoarded, and 
instead realize that you need to share information openly and 
transparently.
    We need to measure performance. We need to understand what 
is happening where, whether we are on track or not, who is 
doing it well, and who is not doing it well. So I think there 
is enormous opportunity. Part of it is cultural. I do not think 
it is primarily technology. I think it is many years of being 
averse to risk, and many years of accepting the wisdom that we 
do not share things unless we are forced to.
    Senator Cantwell. So, your point though is about 
efficiency, is about making sure that Social Security does a 
better job at answering the phones, connecting with people 
about questions, and resolving problems; is that right?
    Governor O'Malley. That is right. That is the North Star. 
We have to improve customer service.
    Senator Cantwell. Well, I will look forward to hearing what 
technology upgrades you have in mind for that. But we certainly 
agree with that, and obviously all our offices deal with Social 
Security issues. And if you think about it, we are dealing with 
the issues that you have not dealt with, more or less.
    So we would definitely appreciate understanding what 
upgrades you think are necessary.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you, Senator.
    The Chairman. And so, the nominee knows there is nobody on 
this committee who knows more about technology than Senator 
Cantwell, so you will want to work with her.
    Senator Cardin, you are next.
    Senator Cardin. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I just really want 
to underscore the point that Governor O'Malley's strength is in 
his ability to administrate. And in response to Senator 
Cornyn's inquiry, I will be interested in reading your answer 
to that questionnaire, because I know how frank you have been 
over your career. It is going to be an interesting read.
    Let me talk a little bit about the challenges. To me, it is 
similar to being Mayor of Baltimore, in that the challenges are 
great, the resources are limited. There are things that you are 
not going to be able to control. One is whether we pass a 
budget on time, whether you are operating under a CR, whether 
you deal with government shutdowns, whether you deal with 
adequate resources.
    These are issues that you have to deal with, and they are 
not easy to explain to your workforce. You mentioned the 
workforce in response to one of the questions, I think, from 
Senator Crapo or Grassley. The Social Security Administration 
was ranked the 
second-best place to work a decade ago for an agency that size. 
It is now dead last. The morale is terrible.
    So you have a challenge to get the confidence of your 
workforce, recognizing the challenges of implementing policies 
without the resources that in some cases--as you point out, the 
workforce is wondering what we are doing. So, tell me a little 
bit about your experiences as a Mayor, how you were able--
because the workforce working for Baltimore at that time had 
real challenges as to whether they were being appreciated.
    How do you restore the morale of the workforce so that you 
can meet the goals that you set for yourself on the service 
levels that are critically important to me? Tell me a little 
bit about how you will go about working with the workforce to 
improve their spirit that they are being appreciated and a part 
of the team?
    Governor O'Malley. Senator, thank you. It is remarkable 
that an agency that had been number 1 in employee morale would 
be dead last in such a short period of time. You mentioned 
external events, what I might call the whirlwind, always 
outside howling at the door. That was certainly true when I was 
elected Mayor of Baltimore.
    And yet running to the scene of every fire, responding to 
the issue of the day or the shortcoming of the day, the scandal 
of the day, whatever it is, that does not move the ball down 
the field. What we learned to do--and what was extremely 
important to do for employee morale--was to tell people that 
they actually can achieve, and to start measuring performance, 
not once a year as part of the inputs of a budget, but every 2 
weeks.
    And it is amazing. I mean, if you have ever seen a small 
group of kids on a soccer field, they play differently once you 
start keeping score--not in a punitive way, but in a way that 
creates a winnable game for those employees.
    I have read so many stories about the numbers of employees 
of Social Security who report workplace stress; people at 
Social Security, so many who have gone to seek professional 
help because of the anxiety and the stress they deal with; 
sadly, some who have friends who committed suicide, they 
believe in part because of the stress they experienced at work.
    If, at Social Security, we can create routines and 
disciplines where we regularly--when I say ``we,'' I mean all 
of those in a leadership position in the center of that big 
organization--regularly listen to the workers on the front 
lines, we are going to get a lot of good ideas about things 
that we can improve.
    When people are actually listened to, when their word is 
respected, when their experience is respected and we create a 
winnable game, it has been my experience, as it was in 
Baltimore, that people rise to the occasion. I mean, we 
declared a 48-hour pothole guarantee shortly after I was 
elected Mayor, and people were like, ``Oh, you should not do 
that. They will never hit it.''
    But we already knew they were hitting it in 55 hours, and 
when they saw it publicly, those men and women on those work 
crews rose to the occasion, and they did it. Small things done 
well make bigger things possible, and one of the things the 
Jesuits taught me at Gonzaga is that expectations become 
behavior.
    Senator Cardin. Thank you.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    The Chairman. I thank my colleague.
    Senator Casey?
    Senator Casey. Mr. Chairman, thanks very much. And, 
Governor, we are honored that you are willing to continue your 
public service, and I will begin where you left off with the 
Jesuits. They taught us a lot, and one of the things they 
taught us was to try to live your life for others, and try to 
be, as best you can, a servant leader.
    And you have been both: a servant leader and someone who 
has worked to lift our brothers. I will tell you, I have been 
here a good while. I am not sure, but in the two statements by 
my current colleague, Senator Cardin, and my former colleague, 
Senator Mikulski, that is about as close to a canonization as I 
have heard in this room. So we are grateful for all of that.
    I wanted to talk about Supplemental Security Income, so-
called SSI, and what that means for people. We just had a field 
hearing in Pennsylvania, in the southeastern corner of our 
State, and one woman, instead of running through the policy of 
SSI, just told us what it means to her. Here is what she said. 
She is from York, PA.
    She said this monthly benefit ``helps me pay my rent, it 
helps me get transportation to work, and it helps me pay for my 
groceries and things I need.'' Simple as that. That is what it 
is about, and you know that. We know that there are almost 5 
million people with disabilities who are SSI recipients, a huge 
number of those in Pennsylvania, more than 300,000 who received 
both the needed cash benefits as well as the essential Medicaid 
health-care coverage.
    One of the requirements for eligibility for SSI is an asset 
limit of $2,000 per person. That locks people into poverty, 
that asset limit. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 
the $2,000 asset limit, established in 1984, is now worth $662 
bucks--$662, not $2,000, one-third of what it was then.
    The Chairman, Senator Wyden, and I and Senator Brown of 
Ohio have worked to increase the asset limit. So that is the 
reality now. We are trying to increase that. But in the 
meantime, one thing we can do to help here is to use an 
existing opportunity for people that they may not know about.
    It's called--these are called ABLE accounts. It is a result 
of a law I passed years ago. It is basically a 529 plan for 
people with disabilities. If you had a child who had a 
disability, and her sister did not have a disability and was 
saving for college, there was no way for the child with a 
disability to save for her disability. Totally unfair; we 
changed that.
    The problem is, we do not have enough people who know about 
it. So here is what I wanted to ask you--and it is about 
150,000 people now who have these accounts. That is the good 
news. We need to make that bigger.
    If you can work with me--and I hope you can, to prioritize 
working with SSA employees to learn more about ABLE accounts, 
and then to ensure that they systematically inform SSI 
recipients about the benefits of opening an ABLE account. Can 
you work with me on that?
    Governor O'Malley. Absolutely, Senator. And I have been 
learning more every day about this agency and the ABLE accounts 
that you pioneered, and I am looking forward to working with 
you on that and improving that. It is that interaction between 
the applicants and the people at SSA, I think--you know, there 
is not a gigantic budget for doing television commercials, but 
each of those conversations is an opportunity.
    Senator Casey. Yes; thank you.
    Also, on a related issue, the applications for SSI benefits 
for children with disabilities have been falling in the last 
decade. It has gone from about 1.4 million to a million, as you 
know. Tens of thousands, possibly hundreds of thousands of 
children with disabilities are not receiving services and 
benefits simply because they have not applied.
    There have been reports of SSI recipients who have had 
their benefits incorrectly reduced or suspended altogether 
because they received COVID-19 relief payments, which has put 
some beneficiaries over the $2,000 asset limit I mentioned 
earlier.
    I am concerned that individuals eligible for SSI are not 
receiving the benefits they are entitled to, and I have raised 
this issue along with Senator Wyden and Senator Brown. Will you 
commit to working with us to fully address the problem of 
underenrollment and remove the barriers to SSI benefits for 
children with disabilities?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes, Senator, I will. I know that one of 
the strategic goals that the agency has been following is about 
making sure more outreach is done to traditionally underserved 
groups. But we need to figure out why it is that, with needs 
rising, so many fewer children are applying.
    Senator Casey. Yes. And finally--and I am done after this--
some Americans have lost their SSI benefits due to COVID-19 
relief payments, or are now receiving overpayment notices.
    Governor O'Malley. That is an outrage.
    Senator Casey. And we look forward to working with you to 
correct that.
    Governor O'Malley. Yes. As do I, Senator.
    Senator Casey. Thank you, Governor.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you.
    The Chairman. We are now in a situation Senator Mikulski 
remembers very well, of having multiple votes, and Senators are 
going to kind of be like trolley cars. We are going to be 
coming in and out and back and forth. Senator Menendez is next, 
then would be Senator Whitehouse, assuming that someone else 
does not come ahead of them. But we hope we can get both of 
them in now.
    Senator Menendez?
    Senator Menendez. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Governor, according to the Social Security Administration 
Inspector General, during Fiscal Year 2022 the agency clawed 
back $4.7 billion of overpayments, while another $21.6 billion 
remains outstanding.
    Now, my office has heard from constituents who rely on 
Social Security who have received letters demanding money back 
for overpayments made by the agency. Beneficiaries are 
receiving letters stating that they must pay back thousands, or 
in some cases even tens of thousands of dollars to the 
government.
    Some individuals are even receiving bills from SSA that 
date back 40 years. Overpayments push already struggling 
beneficiaries even deeper into poverty and hardship, which is 
directly counterproductive to the goals of the program. So 
first, we have to address the root cause of this issue. If 
confirmed, do you commit to improving payment accuracy?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes, sir. Yes, Senator, I do. As I have 
read those stories about people in danger of losing their homes 
or other financial catastrophes, it is heartbreaking. And it 
reminds me of a sad truth that sometimes in government--
Federal, State, and local--there are only two speeds: on and 
off.
    We have to do a better job of recognizing the justice at 
stake in each of these individual cases, and come back to all 
of you if indeed there needs to be a change in the law.
    Senator Menendez. Thank you.
    If beneficiaries believe that an overpayment was not their 
fault and that paying the money back would cause hardship, they 
can ask SSA to waive repayment. But trying to resolve an 
overpayment involves plunging into a nightmarish minefield, a 
process that can last years, drain beneficiaries of their 
assets, and leave them without payments for extended periods of 
time.
    Would you commit to making the appeals process more 
equitable and accessible for beneficiaries?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes, Senator. That is another big aspect 
of the customer service.
    Senator Menendez. Rules for beneficiaries are complex and 
hard to follow. Members of the public often struggle to really 
understand what they are supposed to report. I understand the 
Social Security Administration is developing a program to tap 
payroll data from outside sources, and that this information 
can be used to automatically adjust the amounts paid to 
beneficiaries.
    That project was authorized by Congress nearly 8 years ago. 
Can you commit to making this a priority upon your 
confirmation?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes, Senator.
    Senator Menendez. Okay. And let me just turn to two other 
questions. SSA is at its lowest staffing level in over 25 
years. Some individuals are even receiving bills from SSA, as I 
mentioned before, that date back 40 years. New workers need a 
long time to get up to speed, and complex rules create trouble 
for beneficiaries and employees alike.
    Are you committed to rebuilding a robust workforce equipped 
to handle these challenges?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes, Senator.
    Senator Menendez. And, we need to be a partner with you in 
that regard?
    Governor O'Malley. I will regularly update this committee, 
and I look forward to partnering with you as well. Last year, 
SSA hired at a record number, like 8,000 that they hired, but 
the attrition rate just carved into that. So we are going to 
have to do a better job of recruiting, we are going to have to 
do a better job of training--and a better job of retaining 
people, rather than demoralizing and making people miserable.
    Senator Menendez. Agreed.
    A final question, a topic that is frequently overlooked, 
which is why I bring it up. When we talk about Social Security, 
it is just how much undocumented immigrant workers contribute 
without receiving any benefits. Numerous studies have confirmed 
that through paying payroll taxes, undocumented workers 
contribute billions into the Social Security funds each year.
    For example, in 2016 alone, undocumented workers 
contributed approximately $13 billion into the Social Security 
funds, and again did not receive a single dime in benefits 
after paying into the system. Given that payroll taxes account 
for the lion's share of Social Security payouts each year, we 
simply cannot discuss the future of Social Security without 
also talking about our immigration system.
    Governor, do you agree with the large body of studies 
showing that the contributions of undocumented immigrant 
workers have been essential to keeping our Social Security fund 
solvent?
    Governor O'Malley. They have certainly been a very 
important piece of it.
    Senator Menendez. Thank you.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you.
    The Chairman. I thank my colleague.
    Senator Whitehouse?
    Senator Whitehouse. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, and 
welcome, Governor. I am delighted to see you here. I think you 
are a virtually ideal nominee for this position. But what made 
my day was not you being here, but Senator Mikulski, Chairman 
Mikulski being here, who I adore, have occasionally been very 
frightened of, but have always, always admired. To have her 
back here in the Senate, where she was such a commanding and 
effective presence, has been an absolute joy, has made my day.
    Two things. First, I think Americans saw the State of the 
Union speech, where the President called out certain 
Republicans who had called for Social Security and Medicare 
cuts. And, as you will recall, there was a fairly boisterous 
reaction in the chamber to that, culminating in a full-on 
standing ovation for the proposition that there would not be 
Social Security or Medicare cuts.
    So great, except that that commitment seems to be getting a 
little spongy, in that in the House, Social Security and 
Medicare cuts were brought up in the battle over the Speaker as 
something that Republicans wanted to see in the new Speaker: 
somebody who would take on Social Security and Medicare. So we 
will see how that goes.
    But let us presume that, what the President called the 
unanimity that there would not be Social Security cuts or 
Medicare cuts, holds. That then means that to make Social 
Security solvent, we've got to address the revenue side. That 
is essentially arithmetic.
    Are you willing to help us as we design revenue-side 
reinforcements for Social Security, to give us advice and 
information so that we can do the best job of that?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes, Senator, and in fact I think that 
is my primary responsibility, not to make the policy but to 
make sure that you have, as the policymakers, an evidence-based 
discussion based on the best data and information from Social 
Security.
    There are very talented people there like Mr. Steve Goss, 
the Actuary, and others. So that is how I look at my role.
    Senator Whitehouse. Good.
    The other thing we have seen recently has been a very 
significant funding boost for the Internal Revenue Service, and 
that has manifested--in the last meeting I had with the Rhode 
Island Taxpayer Advocate office--in a lot better response to 
individual taxpayers.
    Where the Taxpayer Advocate was going to the main IRS 
office and having weeks, even months of delays getting cases 
addressed, even as the actual Taxpayer Advocate, now those time 
periods have shortened dramatically. The Taxpayer Advocate is 
turning over consumer cases more rapidly and effectively, and 
the public is getting its questions answered and its problems 
resolved far faster and more effectively than they were 
beforehand.
    I would urge you to look at that as a potential model for 
what could take place within the administrative side of Social 
Security, and I think there are a lot of us here who would love 
to see additional resources come to you in the very same way 
that we sent additional resources to the IRS, so that the 
American people, who the IRS and Social Security are designed 
to serve, can get quick, real, effective answers and not get 
stuck up in backlogs and delays from understaffing and under-
resourcing.
    So, consider that as a model that has worked. Continue to 
look at it----
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you. I appreciate that.
    Senator Whitehouse [continuing]. To see if it continues to 
work, and know that some of us would love to help you be able 
to deliver the same results.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you, Senator.
    The Chairman. I thank my colleague.
    Senator Brown, a long-time advocate for these essential 
issues.
    Senator Brown. Governor O'Malley, thank you for your 
willingness to serve in this position. Thank you for your 
commitment and your lifelong commitment, but your commitment to 
change the culture at Social Security. I know I stand with the 
chair on the importance of that, so thank you.
    Social Security, we all understand, is a solemn promise to 
the American people. People who have paid into it all their 
lives deserve to know their government will protect that 
promise. I hear some in this body talk about privatization. I 
appreciate your standing strongly against that.
    I want to ask about a concern we have heard about, and that 
is Social Security overpayments to SSI beneficiaries. Senator 
Wyden, Senator Casey, and I sent a letter last month to the 
Acting Commissioner, asking why so many people received 
overpayment notices, and what SSA will do to fix it. Ohioans 
should not pay the price for the government's mistakes. I look 
forward to a response to that in writing.
    Part of your job would be to administer benefits accurately 
and efficiently. I know there is interest from both parties on 
this committee to work together to address the root causes of 
overpayments. SSA has noted in previous reports that the 
leading cause is the SSI asset limit, which has not been 
updated, as you know, since 1984. Am I correct in understanding 
this outdated asset limit is in fact the leading cause of 
overpayments?
    Governor O'Malley. It is a leading cause, and it is a huge 
administrative burden.
    Senator Brown. Okay. Well, thank you, and you will fix it.
    I am working with Senator Cassidy on a bipartisan bill, as 
we have talked about, the SSI Savings Penalty Elimination Act. 
It would increase these asset limits. It would stop denying 
Americans the ability to save money. The chair and I worked 
together on this in an announcement. It will help people keep 
their own bank accounts, have control over their futures.
    Wyden, Casey, Lankford, four members of this committee all 
are joining us. This 40-year-old asset limit causes errors, it 
is difficult to administer. It represents only 4 percent of 
total benefits, but it requires 30 percent of your 
administrative budget. Am I correct in understanding that first 
raising it and updating for inflation would reduce the costly 
and burdensome workload for SSI and free up valuable resources 
for other work?
    Governor O'Malley. From what I have read and talking to 
experts on this and people who have studied it all their lives, 
it seems to be a pretty widespread belief that that bicameral 
and bipartisan leadership of yours would absolutely not only be 
the right thing to do for the recipients, the right policy, but 
would also reduce the huge administrative burden that Social 
Security has to go through, without any really good reason.
    As you know, it was not indexed back then, and I applaud 
you for that bill and Senator Cassidy and the other members of 
the Senate, who seem to, on some of these Social Security 
issues, really be striking that sort of can-do, cooperative 
spirit that all of us like to see here in our Nation's capital.
    Senator Brown. Thank you, Governor. As you point out, as we 
all point out, it has been 40 years.
    Next question is about the SSI application. The current 
application is 23 pages long, full of complex legalese, and 
requires rules and supporting documents. The worst part is that 
in the year 2023, it cannot be completed online.
    It is obvious and critical that we ensure that only people 
who are eligible actually receive benefits, but anyone who has 
interacted with that system will tell you it is way too 
complicated for any one person to navigate. You should not need 
a law degree to successfully get SSI.
    What steps will you take to simplify and streamline that 
application process, to ensure that it is accessible to people 
who are eligible?
    Governor O'Malley. Senator, thank you. One of the top 
orders of business will be to understand that process, and 
understand it from the standpoint of the customer, the person, 
the beneficiary.
    I can foresee kind of side-by-side lists of things that can 
be done through regulation, things that can be done with 
changes in management, things that could be done better in 
terms of submission of documentation. And some things, if they 
require a change in law, I will not hesitate to come back to 
you and others who are so interested in this really important 
issue.
    So it would be a high priority, and I look forward to 
working with you and your able staff on this.
    Senator Brown. Thank you, Governor. Again, I am thrilled 
that you agreed to take this job. I know you have a lifelong 
career in public service that leads me to think, one, you know 
what you are doing, you can make things happen, and your 
empathy for others is front and center, and that is what we 
need in the Social Security administrator.
    One more thing that is important, just to comment. It is 
important to remember that eligibility does not always 
guarantee access.
    Governor O'Malley. That is right.
    Senator Brown. Millions of Americans are eligible, tens of 
millions of Americans, tens and tens of millions of Americans, 
but not all of them have access. Your job is to close that gap.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you, Senator.
    The Chairman. All right.
    Senator Young, you are next.
    Senator Young. Thanks for being here today, Governor.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you.
    Senator Young. I really appreciate your presence. I am 
grateful for the service you have given to the public.
    Governor, I shared these concerns with you when we met a 
couple of months ago, but to be frank, I am deeply troubled 
with the Biden administration's action to remove the previous 
Social Security Administration Commissioner Andrew Saul from 
office, in order to appoint someone who more closely aligns 
with President Biden's political ideology.
    This is the sort of smashmouth politics that when 
campaigning for President, President Biden more than intimated 
that he would not engage in, and it undermines trust among at 
least half of America in how our government is run.
    So I plan to spend my time today, I think you will find 
blessedly, understanding what your priorities for the SSA would 
be if you are confirmed. But I want to be up-front that I do 
have serious concerns about the way in which that situation was 
handled, how you were nominated, and the implications it has 
for the ability of the Social Security Administration to 
administer benefits going forward, when the agency is subjected 
to this type of politicization.
    So, moving on, as you are no doubt aware, Governor, the 
Social Security Administration has struggled to retain and to 
hire the appropriate workforce. Additionally, the 
administration has had some challenges getting individuals to 
return to the office. A recent testimony released by the agency 
highlights that most field office employees report onsite at 
least 3 days a week. However, my office has repeatedly heard 
from constituents who are unable to receive the in-person help 
that is necessary to address their outstanding casework issues.
    So, Governor, what are your views on telework as it applies 
to SSA and its workforce?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes. My views on telework have been 
overall--public sector/private sector, ever since the pandemic 
when we were all told suddenly ``go home and do your best to 
work from home''--that sort of adversity put stresses on a lot 
of organizations.
    Fortunately for some aspects of SSA, they had already been 
piloting some telework, but it threw a huge challenge up for 
administrators. The main test for whether we have staffing 
right in the field offices is whether people who want face-to-
face meetings can get them.
    I do not believe it is all about the telework, although I 
do not think anybody in the private sector would tell you that 
they feel like they have gotten it quite right yet either. So 
we need to strive for that balance, with the test being that 
people can get meetings.
    I mean, for example, in your State you have suffered 22 
percent loss in SSA staff in Indiana. So, whether somebody is 
going to an office in Fort Wayne or Indianapolis, that is like 
one out of five people just are not there. It is not about them 
teleworking; the positions are not filled.
    Similarly, your disability determination, we bemoan the 
long time that takes. But you have seen an erosion of about 20 
percent in your State's DDS, those State employees who are 
reimbursed by the Federal Government. So we need to do three 
things all at once. We assess this with that North Star of 
people being able to get meetings face to face when they need 
them. We need to strike a better balance. We need to hire more 
people more quickly. We need to retain the people we have. And 
we need to speed up a few other things like training as well.
    Senator Young. Have you established some goals, some 
metrics; for example, we should retain people for certain 
average amounts of time, you know, benchmarked against previous 
terms of service? People should be able to land an in-person 
appointment within X or Y days of requesting one during 
different times of the year? Do you have some metrics laid out 
for this?
    Governor O'Malley. I have some of my imagination, but I 
have not quite--because I am not there, I cannot do more than 
read a lot of the public documents.
    Senator Young. But this is something I presume----
    Governor O'Malley. But that is where we would go. I found 
in leading a State and leading a city, the best ideas in terms 
of leading actions, tactics, strategies came from listening to 
the people, repeatedly, who are on the front lines doing that 
work, and that is what we will get.
    The lagging indicators, I think, are pretty clear. I mean, 
we have rattled off today how long it takes to get a disability 
determination, and people being on hold for 37 minutes to get 
their phone calls answered are clearly two high-opportunity 
targets for us to improve.
    Senator Young. Disability is a major issue for my 
constituents. I will submit a question for the record--because 
I know I have colleagues waiting--about the amount of time. I 
have constituents from Greensburg, IN in particular who have 
had some challenges. So thank you.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you, Senator.
    The Chairman. I thank my colleague.
    Just a quick point. The Senator from Indiana knows that I 
always, very much enjoy working with him. On this point, with 
respect to the right to name an individual, we can give you all 
the Supreme Court cases on this, and there have been two.
    The Court has decided in effect, whether you like somebody 
or dislike somebody in this position, the President has the 
ability to nominate the person they want. And I will share the 
cases with colleagues on both sides of the aisle.
    Senator Hassan?
    Senator Hassan. Thanks very much, Mr. Chair and Ranking 
Member Crapo. Thank you both for the hearing. Governor, it is 
good to see you. Thank you for your interest in this position. 
Thank your family too for supporting you throughout a 
distinguished career in public service.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you.
    Senator Hassan. I am going to ask you about something you 
have already been asked about, because it is really important 
to my State, my constituents. I am deeply concerned about the 
burden placed on individuals when the Social Security 
Administration works to recoup payments that the agency made 
because of its own errors.
    So, it obviously can cause real financial harm to 
beneficiaries. We have constituents who are reaching out all 
the time to share that they are struggling to make ends meet 
because SSA has unexpectedly and drastically reduced their 
benefits, sometimes by hundreds of dollars a month.
    As the agency works to recoup overpayments--and sometimes 
they are working to recoup overpayments, and they are in error 
about the need to do that. It is their own mistake. So, if 
confirmed, will you commit, Governor, to continuing efforts to 
minimize the agency errors that lead to these problems for 
beneficiaries, including my constituents in the Granite State?
    Governor O'Malley. I will certainly commit to that, 
Senator. It has been heartbreaking, reading some of these 
stories. People, through no fault of their own, face what in 
essence looks like a mandated collection agency without regard 
to the equities and what people are facing. So I will 
absolutely prioritize that and look forward to working with you 
on it.
    Senator Hassan. Thank you.
    Earlier this year, The Washington Post reported that 
Federal judges are seeing an alarming rate of agency error in 
the Social Security disability benefits determination process. 
According to agency data, Federal judges have found agency 
error in nearly 6 in 10 disability benefit cases brought before 
them for appeal, and that is obviously unacceptable. Because of 
agency errors, vulnerable individuals who are unable to work 
unnecessarily face delayed benefits, and some incur really 
costly legal fees as they navigate the appeals process. So how 
will you work to improve the disability benefits determination 
process, and will you work to fix the high error rate, if 
confirmed?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes. In a nutshell, there is a lot that 
can be learned about those opinions that happen at the very end 
of that big funnel. There are fewer people who make it to a 
Federal court. Some accept a denial at the first level, but 
others appeal. It can go on forever.
    What we need to do a better job of doing is creating a 
feedback loop between those adjudications and the training 
lessons that can emerge from identifying patterns and repeated 
situations, instead of just shrugging our shoulders that there 
is nothing we can do about it.
    Senator Hassan. Thank you.
    One of my priorities as chair of the Emerging Threats and 
Spending Oversight Subcommittee is reducing Federal agencies' 
reliance on really costly and aging technology. So I am pleased 
by the SSA's steady progress to eliminate some of its outdated 
technologies to save taxpayer dollars and better serve 
beneficiaries.
    How will you continue this progress and leverage technology 
modernization to improve customer experience at the Social 
Security Administration?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes, Senator, thank you. The Social 
Security Administration is such a large entity, and yet they 
tend to be somewhat--in my reading and from what little I know, 
they tend to be somewhat insular in their approach to 
technology.
    So I plan on--if I am fortunate enough to earn the trust 
and be confirmed, I plan to open that up more and especially 
bring in some of the top people we have in our own Federal 
Government, for starters, from United States Digital Service; 
do a systems assessment; and also listen, talk with the workers 
who actually have to depend on these systems.
    Some of them, as they have told you as well, they have to 
shift between closing down and opening up 16 different screens 
in order to do their job. It should not be that way. So we are 
going to bring in people from U.S. Digital Service, we are 
going to do a top-to-
bottom review, and we are most importantly going to put the 
customer in the center of the equation and listen to our 
workers.
    Senator Hassan. Well, I appreciate that. And I would just 
make the point to you and to my colleagues that one of our 
challenges in modernizing IT throughout the Federal Government 
is that urgent always crowds out the important in some of these 
situations.
    We really need to not only invest money, but make it a 
priority across agencies, and I look forward to working with 
you on that.
    Governor O'Malley. And I with you. Thank you, Senator.
    Senator Crapo [presiding]. Thank you.
    Senator Blackburn?
    Senator Blackburn. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And, Governor, 
welcome. We appreciate that you are here.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you, and thank you for our time on 
the phone.
    Senator Blackburn. First--oh absolutely.
    Governor O'Malley. It is a stressful time in the world and 
in the Nation.
    Senator Blackburn. Well, it is a busy time, but every day 
is a busy time.
    Looking back through your experiences in your career, what 
do you think is the most relevant piece of experience you have 
that you will transfer into leading the SSA?
    Governor O'Malley. I believe the most relevant piece is my 
ability to apply principles of performance management in ways 
that improve customer service and also build up employee 
morale. So it is really about my experience as a manager and, 
in particular, performance management applied to large 
organizations.
    Senator Blackburn. I appreciate that.
    Talk to me a little bit. You know, you've got 60,000 
employees over there. The agency obviously needs to go through 
some reform and right-sizing, and making certain that you have 
the right people in the right seats, basically. We need to make 
certain that seniors who have a question can get to somebody to 
talk to.
    So how are you going to handle those personnel issues--and 
then, following on to what Senator Hassan said, with IT and the 
management there--the cybersecurity, the data security, so that 
people know their data is not going to be compromised or hit?
    We have had an issue with some data breaches in Federal 
Government data bases. I look at that all as one thing: the 
human capital, the technology for them to appropriately use. So 
talk a little bit about your approach there.
    Governor O'Malley. Sure. SSA underwent a big effort to hire 
last year, with your authorizations, and they actually did hire 
more people in one year than they ever had before. It was 
decentralized rather than centralized, and that was a good 
thing, except that they lost a lot of people by attrition. So, 
we have to ramp up those efforts.
    In terms of leadership and making sure the right people are 
in the right places, people are going to self-select. Once we 
create a winnable game--we have clear goals, we have strategies 
and tactics that we start measuring every 2 weeks--the leaders 
will rise. In my experience, I saw that happen in a very 
moribund bureaucracy in 1999, in a municipality, and I saw the 
same thing across a State government.
    Finally, on the issue of technology--you know, one of the 
things we have not talked on too much today yet, that you are 
alluding to, is fraud in the sense of identity theft.
    There are many aspects of fraud. Sometimes it can be 
bribing a Social Security employee, sometimes it can be a 
representative taking money from their charge in Nashville or 
any other city. But there is a real need to not think of these 
as separate silos, but to integrate the fraud detection and the 
cybersecurity to more readily and quickly identify the 
anomalies and patterns--before a movie producer does.
    Senator Blackburn. Well, you are precise on that, and that 
is why some of us have been pushing for an online consumer 
privacy bill--that front-facing part that consumers are going 
to deal with on the privacy, on that access issue--but then 
also on the back-
facing, when you are looking at the cyber issues and detecting 
those breaches.
    One other question I have for you: you've got the solvency 
issue--2034 the fund runs out. The trustees have been very up-
front about this. So, what is your first-step plan to address 
the solvency, because it has not been addressed?
    Governor O'Malley. That is right. And, Senator, you and I 
spoke about this a little bit. I would hope in the months ahead 
we talk about it more.
    I would never tread on the trust that the people have given 
you to be the policymaker. Having said that, I do believe I can 
help raise the level of trust in the country by raising 
customer service, and I mean the quality of the customer 
service.
    I mean, how are your constituents going to support you in 
making tough decisions about solvency, all of you together, if 
their phone calls do not get answered? But secondly, the agency 
has a responsibility to make sure that you get answers to your 
questions in terms of what the dials of those policy levers are 
worth.
    How much is it if we made this change? If we made that 
change, what does that do for solvency? What is the impact of 
another policy considered? And that is what I have to focus on 
for all of you. As Senator Cassidy said to me, we need to have 
an evidence-based discussion about the realities and what each 
of the values of these various dials is.
    Senator Blackburn. That is exactly right, and we will 
depend on you for that.
    My time has expired. Thank you so much.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you, Senator.
    Senator Crapo. Thank you.
    Senator Cortez Masto?
    Senator Cortez Masto. Thank you. I want to thank both Chair 
Wyden and Ranking Member Crapo for this conversation today. 
Most importantly, I want to thank you, Governor, for your 
willingness to step up and serve in this important position.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you, Senator.
    Senator Cortez Masto. I also thank you for the opportunity 
to sit down with you and talk with you. Great to see your 
family here. It's wonderful. We are almost done. Everybody can 
go get some lunch.
    But let me just say this. I have been listening to my 
colleagues. Of course, in Nevada, there are what, over 570,000 
Nevadans who get benefits from Social Security, right? Customer 
service is key. What I hear from you today is that you are 
committed to ensuring that you are improving upon and fixing 
and addressing some of the customer concerns that we are all 
hearing in our States, and going to make it a priority; is that 
correct?
    Governor O'Malley. That is correct.
    Senator Cortez Masto. Thank you.
    I also heard today--and I heard Senator Mikulski speak 
very, very highly of you. A couple of things I picked out 
though, which you just addressed, were you do have a history of 
using performance management and customer service technologies 
to improve government function as it connects with 
constituents; correct?
    Governor O'Malley. That is true. Customer service, 
performance management--they have been kind of my wishbone 
offense of service in any of my executive tours of duty.
    Senator Cortez Masto. Thank you.
    And then, I also picked up on Senator Young--and I think 
Senator Brown mentioned this as well: people with disabilities. 
In Nevada, including in my own family, there are challenges 
with getting the benefits in a timely fashion, and it should 
not be that hard. It should not be that complex for individuals 
to reach out to that system and receive that support in a 
timely way.
    It matters when you are disabled and you need that help. 
So, if confirmed, can I get your commitment to work to ensure 
that families can access their SSI benefits without having to 
navigate those burdensome and overly complex enrollment 
processes?
    Governor O'Malley. SSDI, SSI, all of those, both--and yes, 
Senator, you have my commitment.
    Senator Cortez Masto. Thank you.
    And then, like my colleagues, again I think we all are 
concerned about ensuring the integrity of the trust fund, the 
Social Security trust fund, long-term, beyond 2033. I also know 
that part of ensuring and safeguarding it is to address some 
fraud, waste, and abuse that will happen, and that is where you 
will come in.
    Can you talk a little bit about it? You were talking about 
it with Senator Blackburn, about both the fraud and 
cybersecurity. What are your thoughts there on how we can 
safeguard that fund from any type of that, either that fraud or 
the waste?
    Governor O'Malley. There is an enormous amount of 
information that Social Security has, that Social Security 
collects. I am not talking just about individual Social 
Security numbers and earnings and the way we are able to share 
all that with thousands and thousands of other people, banks, 
voter registration, and other folks.
    But if we can take that information and turn it into a 
dynamic picture that all of us can see, one is better able to 
get in front of emerging anomalies that could lead 
investigators to discover fraud, to discover abuse. What I mean 
by that is that oftentimes, when we go after waste, fraud, and 
abuse, there is a sense that well, you put it over there in 
that department or with that IG and you hope that it does not 
make any embarrassing headlines.
    But in creating an operational picture that everybody can 
see--and yes, on a map--you can start to look at things like, 
why is it that in that particular hearing office, you are 
seeing an emerging hot spot of, let us say a wait time, or why 
are you seeing such a dramatic speed that does not exist 
anywhere else? Is that waste, fraud, or abuse? Is that an 
extremely talented person? Is something else going on?
    So, it is the ability to have the eyes for fraud and waste 
and abuse at that operational table, not long after the fact 
that somebody has received an anonymous tip on the tip line, 
but to see those emerging patterns that should alert any 
investigator to get on that right away.
    I think that there is a lot of low-hanging fruit, if you 
will, to be identified.
    Senator Cortez Masto. Thank you, I appreciate that.
    And then finally--it is not something that you have control 
over, but I would hope we all continue to push for Senator 
Brown's Social Security Fairness Act. It repeals the Windfall 
Elimination Provision and the Government Pension Offset. It is 
kind of--it really is crazy to me that we have workers in our 
communities who have earned these benefits, and then lose out 
on them because of some sort of pension offset. They have 
earned it; they are entitled to the funds. So I am hopeful that 
we can get that legislation passed.
    Thank you.
    Senator Crapo. Thank you, Senator.
    Senator Daines?
    Senator Daines. Chair Crapo, thank you. Governor O'Malley, 
good to see you. I enjoyed our conversation we had back in 
September on the phone.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you for making the time for me.
    Senator Daines. Absolutely.
    Governor O'Malley. And you have a beautiful State.
    Senator Daines. I agree with you.
    I want to read a quote. ``Today, Social Security is strong. 
But by 2032, the trust fund will be exhausted and Social 
Security will be unable to pay the full benefits older 
Americans have been promised.''
    Now, one might think that quote came from the CBO last 
week, last month. Maybe it came from the Social Security 
Administration study recently. That quote is 24 years old. In 
fact, I am quoting President Bill Clinton's 1999 State of the 
Union speech. Unfortunately, we are still on track toward that 
same projection more than 2 decades after President Clinton 
made those remarks.
    Earlier this summer, the CBO published their long-term 
projections on the Social Security trust fund's financial 
outlook, and I think calling the outlook bleak is probably 
optimistic. We are just 10 years away from insolvency. By 2033, 
the Social Security trust fund will be depleted and unable to 
pay out full benefits.
    This means there will be an immediate cut to Social 
Security benefits across the board in 10 years unless Congress 
acts. And it is not just individuals in their 20s, their 30s, 
their 40s facing these benefit cuts once they hit retirement 
age. Today, if you are 57 years old, when it comes time to 
receive your Social Security benefits at 67, you will get a 
check 25-percent less than what you have earned.
    These cuts do not take into account need, age, and income 
level. Every single individual receiving Social Security will 
have a guaranteed benefit cut no matter their circumstances.
    Establishing the Social Security Administration as an 
independent agency was designed to restore public trust, but I 
can tell you, speaking on behalf of Montanans, they have never 
been less certain about the future of Social Security and their 
benefits.
    Governor, if you are confirmed as Commissioner, what steps 
will you take to restore the public trust in this program and 
build some bipartisan consensus? Because we all know up here, 
this is going to have to be a bipartisan exercise toward the 
reforms needed to save and, better yet, strengthen Social 
Security for my children, grandchildren, and frankly my peers.
    Governor O'Malley. Well, Senator, you have articulated the 
challenges facing us very, very well. One aspect of restoring 
trust from the general public, people in Montana, people 
waiting for a disability determination from an office that has 
seen a 30-percent reduction in staff, is to do a better job on 
answering the phone and providing those determinations in a 
more timely fashion. That is where I am going to be throwing 
the vast majority of my daily energies.
    But the other big crisis is that crisis of solvency, and we 
are fortunate in the Senate that there seems to be a spirit 
still alive for what might be called that spirit of moderation, 
that understanding that the toughest problems require some 
coming together.
    We have seen that with Senator Cassidy's bill, with Sherrod 
Brown about raising the asset limits. So I see my job as 
supporting you in doing yours. You are the policymakers, and my 
job is to make sure that you get the best data, the best 
evidence, and the best information from the actuaries, so that 
you men and women can reach that precious consensus that 
everyone in America is trusting that you will.
    Senator Daines. Governor, thanks. I am certain we will rely 
on you and your input, not just in delivering better customer 
service, which of course is Mission 1 here, assuming you are 
confirmed. But I think we are going to need to be able to 
juggle at least a couple of balls here and look over the long 
haul in getting your thoughts coming from the agency as well, 
because we are going to have to figure this out together----
    Governor O'Malley. Yes sir.
    Senator Daines [continuing]. To make this trust fund 
solvent and avoid this cliff that we are rapidly approaching. 
So, Governor, thank you for your thoughtful comments. We look 
forward to working with you.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you, Senator.
    Senator Crapo. Thank you.
    Senator Carper?
    Senator Carper. Yes. Thanks. From one recovering Governor 
to another recovering Governor, welcome to the Finance 
Committee. Thank you for your willingness to serve our country 
in yet another important role.
    I was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives--I had 
been a State Treasurer for a number of years, a Naval flight 
officer before that. But I was elected to the Congress in 1982, 
and there were a bunch of us. I mean, I think that we had a 
freshman class of maybe 80, almost 100 people; a lot of 
Democrats, a lot of Republicans.
    And the first week or so that we were in office, I think my 
recollection is we got on a train--I don't think we flew--but I 
think we got on a train and we went to Harvard, all the newly 
elected House members. The idea was to get to know each other 
and the idea was to try to begin focusing on some of the big 
issues of the day.
    One of the big issues of the day was that the Social 
Security trust fund was running out of money. One of the first 
issues that I worked on as a young House member was Social 
Security availability, to make sure that it was going to be 
there for future generations.
    One of my favorite sayings is, ``find out what works, and 
do more of that.'' And as we visit, revisit the same issue here 
all these years later, that might be a good thing to do. Among 
the things that worked was, we decided not to make it a 
partisan issue. We decided to make it a bipartisan issue.
    And there were Democrats and Republicans who stood up and 
said there is not one silver bullet, there are a lot of 
different things that we have to do and need to do, and we did 
most of those. The key was leadership. We had leadership from 
the President at the time. We had strong leadership from the 
Democrat and Republican leaders in the House and the Senate. We 
had great leadership on the committees of jurisdiction as well.
    So, I am delighted that we, as recovering Governors, may be 
in a position to come back and help us address this issue 
again. We have a number of members of this committee, Democrat 
and Republican. One of the key members is a fellow from 
Louisiana. He is a doctor, but he is pretty good on these 
issues and not afraid to be courageous on these issues.
    So I would--with that having been said, I have a statement 
here, but I just would rather talk from my heart. And sometimes 
I get in trouble doing that, but I would rather talk from my 
heart. I have a question though that my staff was good enough 
to give me.
    If confirmed, how do you plan to expand interagency 
coordination to improve the Social Security Administration's 
customer service and response times? As Governor, you had a 
State pension; you had probably a bunch of pension plans in 
your State for State employees and others that you were sort of 
responsible for, ultimately.
    And one of the things that I focused on as Governor was 
trying to make sure that when somebody was calling our Division 
of Revenue about tax issues, that somebody got on the phone and 
helped them; when somebody who was calling the pension office, 
the State pension office in Newark and had questions about it, 
that somebody got on the phone and helped them. And we actually 
were very practical.
    The record at the Social Security Administration for 
customer service is not good. My first question then would be, 
how do you plan to expand interagency coordination to improve 
the Social Security Administration's customer service and 
response times?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes, Senator, thank you for your 
question. And the key is going to be to snap Social Security 
out of what has been a long time-honored practice of contenting 
itself with annual accountability, like a budget and the annual 
budget inputs. And instead, we have to get into a much faster 
velocity, a much more agile speed of bringing about the changes 
that we all know need to happen so that people get their phone 
calls answered and they get their face-to-face meetings when 
they need them--and that, for a member of their family or 
themselves who is going through a disability determination, 
that they do not die waiting for it to be resolved if they have 
to appeal it.
    There is no single magic solution to that. But it has been 
my experience, both as a Mayor and as a Governor, that if you 
bring people together and you are clear about what the big 
goals are, it is amazing the way the leaders will rise when you 
start measuring yardage, when you have a compelling scoreboard 
that everybody can see. And it is really about big 
organizations learning from their own leaders. I mean, if you 
were to plot on a----
    Senator Carper. I am going to interrupt you. I have a 
couple of other questions. Let me just ask, have you ever heard 
the name Danny Werfel?
    Governor O'Malley. I have. You told me to meet with him, 
and I did.
    Senator Carper. Good, good, good. One, you know, he is new. 
He is the new IRS Commissioner, and one of the things--he sat 
right here where you are sitting, and we talked about the lousy 
service the IRS was providing.
    Governor O'Malley. It's getting better.
    Senator Carper. And about 2 years ago, if a taxpayer called 
the IRS, I think there was like a 13-percent chance of anybody 
getting on the phone to actually take the call. Last year, it 
was about up to 87 percent, and a big part of it was the 
leadership--the leadership. If confirmed--and I sure hope you 
will be--you are in a great position to provide that 
leadership. So I would just say now, be strong--and I know you 
will be.
    The thing I started to say is, I believe in the golden 
rule: treat other people how you want to be treated. And when 
people call and are asking for help--I do not care whether it 
is a personal issue or it is a Social Security issue, it is a 
tax issue--we've got to help them, okay?
    The second thing I want to mention is, we have a propensity 
to send out the improper payments from the Federal Government, 
improper payments, and I think GAO estimated, their estimate 
now is there are about $247 billion--billion dollars with a B--
in improper payments across the entire Federal Government for 
Fiscal Year 2022, just one year--one year.
    As elected officials, one of the most important 
responsibilities, of course, is to be good stewards of 
taxpayers' dollars. A couple of years ago, 2020 in fact, the 
Congress passed something called the Stopping Improper Payments 
to Deceased People Act, and it is a bill that Senator John 
Neely Kennedy and I partnered on. The law requires the Social 
Security Administration to share its full file of death 
information with the Do Not Pay working system for a 3-year 
period beginning December 27, 2023. That is this December 27, 
2023.
    I would ask--you may not be able to answer this for the 
record. But if confirmed, will you commit to working with our 
staffs--not just Senator Kennedy and myself, but our staffs 
broadly--to ensure that the Stopping Improper Payments to 
Deceased People Act is implemented--not overnight, not in a 
week or in a month, but in a timely way?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes, Senator. And I appreciate your 
leadership on that issue: open, transparent data shared by all.
    Senator Carper. Thank you.
    I think I have time to go for another one. Here we go. This 
deals with morale and employee retention at the Social Security 
Administration. Strengthening the Federal workforce, retaining 
high-quality talent in Federal agencies is a big concern of 
mine, and I am sure it will be of yours.
    It is critical that our Federal workforce is well-trained. 
It is critical they be equipped to handle the challenges in the 
next decade and beyond. The Office of Personnel Management's 
Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey is conducted every year. It 
evaluates job satisfaction among Federal workers, as you may 
know. In 2022, the Social Security Administration was ranked 
among the lowest Federal agencies included in that survey--
lowest.
    My question would be, if confirmed, what do you think you 
would do? What would you be inclined to do from Day 1, maybe 
drawing on some of your earlier experiences, Governor, to 
improve morale among Federal workers at the Social Security 
Administration and to enhance retention and recruitment efforts 
at that agency? Please.
    Governor O'Malley. Senator, thank you. I look forward to 
rolling up my sleeves and working with and being among and with 
the hardworking men and women at the Social Security 
Administration. I have not had as many conversations as I will 
have, if I am fortunate enough to be confirmed by this 
committee.
    But I am looking forward to actually listening to them. My 
sense, from the people I have spoken to, is that it has been a 
long time since they have had leaders who would actually listen 
to what they are experiencing on the front lines in doing the 
work. That is why you have a record year in terms of new hires, 
and at the same time a record year of attrition.
    People at SSA have historically really had a high sense of 
mission, a high sense of purpose. The fact that they would sink 
to the lowest morale in the Nation, I think says a lot more 
about the lack of leadership there than it does about some sort 
of sea change or something in the water among the employees.
    So I am looking forward to being an operational leader, to 
being among and with and lifting up the leaders in the eyes of 
their peers, measuring performance, so that that organization 
can learn from its highest performers.
    When you do that, you create a winnable game for people. 
They want to come to work. They want to encourage their friends 
to apply to work there, and that is what we need to get back 
to. It will not happen overnight, but it does require 
leadership. And I promise you, Senator, I will throw myself 
into this challenge with 1,000 percent of what I've got.
    Senator Carper. Good. I am sure you will.
    Mr. Chairman, I have known this man since he was like too 
young to get into O'Friel's Irish Pub in Wilmington, DE. He was 
part of an Irish singing group that was actually quite 
extraordinary.
    Governor O'Malley. So you were in the pub?
    Senator Carper. I was--well, checking IDs at the door, and 
that is how we met. [Laughter.]
    Governor O'Malley. All right.
    Senator Carper. Ever since then, and from then till now, 
who would have thought we would have traveled these different 
paths? But I am glad your path is taking you here today, and I 
am delighted to support your nomination. Thank you.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you, Senator.
    Senator Crapo. Thank you.
    And, Governor, let me give you a quick update. The update 
is, you are getting close to the end.
    We, as you have seen--oh, actually, I was going to say the 
chairman is on his way back. We have had Senators going in and 
out, voting, and it looks like we are getting to the end of 
that. But we have Senator Cassidy next, and then, unless 
someone else shows up, Mr. Chairman, you are up.
    The Chairman. I have one last question, and it will be 
short. So, have you recognized Senator Cassidy?
    Senator Crapo. Not yet; go ahead.
    The Chairman. Oh; Senator Cassidy?
    Senator Cassidy. Thank you. Hey, Mr. O'Malley. I enjoyed 
our meetings.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you for making the time. I enjoyed 
it as well.
    Senator Cassidy. Thank you for that.
    One of the issues that I have been concerned with is that 
after the pandemic, there was a lot of telework that continued, 
and it is unclear to me that there are processes in place by 
which people's activities are actually monitored, that their 
productivity is noted to be strong.
    I know that the labor unions want to continue telework, and 
I know that the Biden administration is trying to get people 
back to work. My office took a picture of another agency, not 
yours, but another agency's parking lot on a Monday morning at 
10, and you could cut wheelies in it. There were like no cars 
there.
    The American people, I think, are like looking at that, 
scratching their heads and saying, you know, is anything 
happening, and they are surmising not. What would be your 
attitude to continue telework should you be appointed or 
confirmed?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes. Senator, the litmus test for 
knowing when we have the balance right is whether people can 
get their meetings face to face in the field offices, and when 
they can get their phone calls answered. So we need to do a 
better job of staffing those field offices. People in the 
public sector and private sector, because of the pandemic, 
have----
    Senator Cassidy. Now let me ask, because staffing could 
either mean hiring more people or asking people to actually 
show up there, so they are there to take the meeting.
    Governor O'Malley. Well, it is a combination of both. The 
field offices--as I understand it, people are required to be in 
those field offices.
    Senator Cassidy. Now what about the DC office, because that 
appears to be--just speaking to the Mayor, listening to the 
Mayor of Washington, speaking to the administration--it is 
actually people actually showing up for work, physically 
showing up for work in DC that has become a real sticking 
point.
    Governor O'Malley. I have not spent a whole lot of time in 
the Washington office, Senator, to be able to tell you. But I 
do know that in order to run a big organization like this, the 
people in the center, that circle, have to be tight, they have 
to be talking every day, and it is really hard to do that if 
people are not in.
    Senator Cassidy. Now, in our interview, in our conversation 
which we had, one thing I was impressed by is how you put 
online metrics when you were Governor and Mayor, that would 
allow the people of Baltimore and the people of Maryland to 
actually see the performance of your various agencies.
    And people said, ``Oh, you cannot do this.'' And you did 
it, and it worked out very well. Would you commit, if you are 
confirmed, to developing metrics to make sure that anyone 
working--one is, getting people back to work, but two, if they 
continue to telework, have metrics that would be posted online, 
so that the people of the United States could actually see the 
metrics showing that people are actually doing work?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes, sir. That will not happen 
overnight, but that is what we are going to get to. I believe 
the first precept, first tenet of the system of performance 
management I was taught is timely, accurate information shared 
by all. That means all of us--not just managers, not just 
workers, but the people who pay for it, the people of the 
United States.
    Senator Cassidy. That would be good, because right now it 
seems as if it is unaccountable. And I feel like I am 
channeling the people from Lake Charles, LA and any other place 
in our State or our Nation----
    Governor O'Malley. Right.
    Senator Cassidy [continuing]. Where every time they do not 
get a phone call answered, they are wondering if somebody is on 
their couch watching soap operas.
    Governor O'Malley. Yes, and it is tough. In your State--I 
mean, if you look at pre-pandemic, we have seen, just on SSA 
staff in Louisiana, a 24-percent reduction in staff. This is 
not teleworking staff, just 24 percent fewer. In the DDS 
determination--we have had some time here talking about that 
long process--you have seen a 20-percent reduction in your 
State's DDS office.
    So, we've got a lot of work to do on morale, on 
accountability, on collaboration and coordination, hiring and 
retention. But at the end of the day, if we do a better job of 
serving customers, we are going to do a better job of holding 
on to our people.
    Senator Cassidy. Let me ask you this. SSA's own research 
has shown that if we change some of the terminology of how 
people refer to retirement, it would greatly increase 
retirement literacy, especially for those who are less educated 
and more vulnerable.
    For example, update the term ``early retirement'' to 
``minimum benefit age,'' or ``normal retirement age'' with 
``standard benefit age,'' and ``delayed retirement credit'' to 
``maximum benefit age.'' Now, studies show this works. We have 
asked SSA to let us do this, and they want $12 million to 
replace nine words on their websites, even though these 
regularly undergo updates. So why do you need $12 million to do 
that which you regularly do?
    They also say that this may confuse Americans, the updated 
wording. Now, my wife just started taking Social Security, if I 
may hint at my wife's age, and that was our first time to 
really go on the website. So, even if the people who are 
already on it, who I suspect never go to the website, would be 
confused, most Americans are yet to be on it.
    So I guess I am asking you to go into this and ask 
questions. Why do you need $12 million to do that which you are 
already doing? Why don't we listen to our own studies, and why 
don't we benefit everybody who is going to be coming in, and 
ideally will be choosing their maximum benefit age as opposed 
to something which implies that they are going to get less? Are 
you with me on that?
    Governor O'Malley. I am with you on it, Senator. I look 
forward to working with you on that. Sometimes we can do 
analysis to paralysis, and sometimes under the name of avoiding 
risk, we also avoid changes that would make a program a lot 
more effective.
    If I may also say, I want to compliment you on what you and 
Senator Brown did with regard to SSI. It is in the weeds. 
Probably a lot of people do not appreciate it, but raising the 
asset limit so that people are not penalized for saving--and 
also what that would do to remove the marriage penalty--I just 
want to compliment you for that, as well as for your thoughtful 
leadership on solvency and the bipartisan spirit that you bring 
into those issues.
    Senator Cassidy. I thank you for that. Our goal is--by the 
way, all these questions are not to bust the chops of the guy 
who might be the SSA guy, the Commissioner, but to try and make 
the program work better for our fellow Americans.
    Governor O'Malley. Right.
    Senator Cassidy. If we can do that, we have done our job. 
But thank you. I appreciate it.
    I yield.
    Governor O'Malley. Thank you, Senator.
    The Chairman. Thank you, Senator Cassidy. And we've got to 
get your good bill passed too, so we will go to work on that.
    We are about at the end of the line here, Governor. I want 
to ask one other question about disability rights, because I 
remember when I ran the legal aid for the senior citizens, the 
disability office was sort of right down the corridor.
    And we have a million, 1.1 million people waiting for a 
decision on disability. The average wait time is 217 days. A 
lot of factors going on, but clearly staffing shortages are 
key. Now, the reason I am asking this question is, you are a 
smart guy and a management guy, and it looks to me like there 
some resources right in front of us that we can move ahead 
with.
    For example, there is the State Disability Determination 
Service, where State employees can evaluate disability claims 
on behalf of SSA. Now, this looks like a perfect opportunity 
for Federal-State teamwork--just as you say, Martin O'Malley, 
Mr. Can-Do, you know, let's get this done.
    Now, Social Security covers the entire bill, but some 
States have been a little bit reluctant to hire additional 
staff to process claims or increase their salaries and benefits 
to make these positions more competitive. So how would you work 
with the Governors? You were a Governor. I have talked to a lot 
of these Governors about you, and you have a lot of fans out 
there.
    Governor O'Malley. Well, thank you.
    The Chairman. So I think a good way to wrap this up is just 
to have you give us a sense of a partnership--Federal 
Government, these Governors--helping disabled people, putting 
more resources to it, chopping that 217 days down. Your 
thoughts?
    Governor O'Malley. Yes. That is a big chunk of it. There 
are 50 different States with their own disability offices, and 
they need to make those determinations. I would be picking up 
the phone and getting on the phone with other Governors. 
Senator, you can send letters all you like, but we really need 
to elevate the focus on this in the eyes of Governors.
    There is an adage that the things that get measured are the 
things that get done. But if the Governors are not seeing those 
measurements, I would wager to guess that there are many 
Governors who have no idea whether their staffing is up or down 
in their State DDS offices.
    And we need to elevate it. We need to elevate the focus; we 
need to encourage and ask our Governors to make it a higher 
priority. The other important aspect of this is people in the 
disability advocacy community and also people who, for a 
living, represent people when they are filing appeals. That is 
a wealth of information that can come back to improve this 
process, eliminate redundancies, and give people the justice 
and the help they deserve.
    The Chairman. My last comment is: something like 3 hours 
ago, I asked you about this matter of somebody I have the honor 
to represent at home in Albany, OR, and her being punished 
because her parents lent a helping hand to try to help her get 
by, and now she owes the government $9,000 in overpaid 
benefits.
    And you are going to help us. You said, ``Hey, I will stick 
to this timetable. We are going to come up with some plans, we 
are going to move ahead,'' and that is very welcome. I just 
enjoyed listening to your passion for this issue, because the 
question I was most interested in was the first one, and we 
heard a little bit about that.
    You know, Senators are Senators. They show up, there is a 
microphone, they are going to ask about a lot of things, and 
you kept it to service. That is really what the American people 
are looking for right now. I happen to think the best politics 
is good service. So, if you want to be political, go off and 
give people some good service. And this is about people who 
worked their whole lives paying into Social Security. They 
earned these benefits, and they have a right to them.
    You heard a lot of Senators today talking about how 
important this issue is to them, and that is very welcome. We 
heard Democrats and Republicans talking about how important it 
is.
    And now we have a little bit of business that we have to 
take care of. I want to notify members that we are going to 
hold the vote on the Rollinson, Kouzoukas, and Neuman 
nominations today during the 1 p.m. vote in Room 219 in the 
Capitol. For members--with respect to the written questions--
the deadline will be Tuesday, November 7th, at 5 p.m.
    But I think, Governor, what you've told us over the last 3 
hours or so is exactly what public service needs more of. I 
welcome that, and we look forward to working with you. And I 
guess your nomination started with me, because we had the first 
call, and I guess we are wrapping it up together today.
    I want the American people to know that I support your 
nomination, I support it strongly, and I think you are going to 
do a superb job.
    With that, the Finance Committee is adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 12:20 p.m., the hearing was concluded.]

                            A P P E N D I X

              Additional Material Submitted for the Record

                              ----------                              


                Prepared Statement of Hon. Mike Crapo, 
                       a U.S. Senator From Idaho
    Governor O'Malley, congratulations on your nomination, and thank 
you for your willingness to serve.

    This nomination is long overdue, coming more than 2 years after 
President Biden removed the prior Senate-confirmed Commissioner. During 
this time, the Social Security Administration has struggled to fulfill 
its customer service mission.

    The Social Security Administration is responsible for overseeing 
the Social Security program, which provides more than $1 trillion in 
benefits to millions of seniors, individuals with disabilities, and 
their families each year. The SSA also administers the Supplemental 
Security Income (SSI) program, assigns Social Security numbers, and 
issues Social Security cards.

    Given the SSA's important responsibilities, the public rightly 
expects the agency to provide timely, responsive service. However, SSA 
is not living up to these expectations. For Fiscal Year 2023, Americans 
waited more than 7 months, on average, for a disability decision at the 
initial level. For those denied at the initial level, they waited 
another 7 months at the reconsideration level and another nearly 15 
months if they sought a hearing before an administrative law judge.

    While not all applicants will qualify for disability benefits, they 
all deserve to receive a decision within a reasonable period of time. 
The Social Security Administration must take additional steps to reduce 
wait times for a disability decision and address outdated disability 
program rules.

    SSA's national 800 number is one of the primary channels for 
seeking assistance from the agency, and it must do more to address wait 
times. In Fiscal Year 2023, callers to the national 800 number waited 
more than 35 minutes, on average, to speak with a representative, 
compared to approximately 13 minutes 2 years prior, and around 10 
minutes a decade ago. SSA should also continue improving its online 
offerings, which not only increase flexibility for beneficiaries, but 
also allow the agency to be more efficient with its resources.

    Americans rightly expect that the SSA will be a responsible steward 
of taxpayer funds. However, for Fiscal Year 2021, the SSA issued 
approximately $2.49 billion in improper payments for Social Security 
and $4.91 billion for SSI. The agency has additional tools to prevent 
improper payments before they occur, and the agency should use them.

    Finally, while the President and Congress are tasked with ensuring 
Social Security's long-term solvency, the SSA plays a critical role in 
making sure the administration, Congress, and the public have accurate 
and timely information about the program's long-term finances. This 
year, for the first time in over a decade, the Social Security trustees 
report was delivered to Congress by the statutory April 1st deadline. I 
expect a new Commissioner to help ensure that the trustees report 
deadline is treated as a deadline, not a suggestion.

    Governor O'Malley, if confirmed, you will face immense challenges 
and a relatively short timeline to get the Social Security 
Administration back on track. This may be a tall order, but the 
American people deserve nothing less.

    I look forward to hearing your testimony and responses to our 
questions to better understand: how you would evaluate and address 
SSA's customer service challenges; what specific data you would look at 
to evaluate the use of telework; how you would ensure that the SSA's 
independent status is maintained in practice; and what would be your 
top areas of focus with respect to modernizing the SSA's information 
technology?

                                 ______
                                 
             Prepared Statement of Hon. Barbara Mikulski, 
                  a Former U.S. Senator From Maryland
    Mr. Chairman, thank you very much for inviting me to appear before 
the Finance Committee on the nomination of Martin O'Malley.

    I welcome this opportunity to testify to share with you my 
knowledge of Martin O'Malley and his capabilities for the position 
under consideration, and why I feel so strongly that Social Security 
needs a strong leader at this time.

    We in Maryland have a lot of home-state pride to have the Social 
Security Administration headquartered here in Maryland, where it has 
been for 88 years, first in downtown Baltimore City and now in 
Woodlawn.

    In the 1930s, when choking on the dust bowl or working in the rust 
bowl, Americans needed a safety net, and that is when Social Security 
was created. For 88 years there has not been a missed payment. But it 
is in much need of management reform.

    Today, Social Security is facing a crisis in consumer constituent 
delivery services. These issues are very familiar to the committee.

    So many Americans depend on their Social Security, not only as a 
lifeline, but a life preserver that keeps them afloat.

    The challenges of the Social Security Administration include long 
wait times for phones and constituent service, backlog of decisions, 
dated technology, a worn facility, and an overwhelmed but dedicated 
workforce.

    The hardworking men and women of the Social Security Administration 
need a strong, confirmed operational leader, and the American people 
need a Social Security Administration that works for them. I believe 
that Martin O'Malley would provide that leadership and management 
skill.

    I have known him personally and worked with him professionally for 
over 3 decades. I knew him when he had more law books than ties. Martin 
started as my field director while I was in the Senate; he then ran for 
the City Council (which we in Baltimore have nicknamed the Pothole 
Parliament); and continued on as a multi-term Mayor and then 2-term 
Governor.

    Service is in his DNA. He attended schools such as Gonzaga and 
Catholic University law school. His mom even worked for me in 
constituent services while I was in the Senate. The values, again, of 
service.

    When he was elected Mayor, because of his public flair, people 
thought he would showboat, but instead he turned out to be a tugboat, 
pulling the delivery of services in new and efficient ways.

    He earned the Innovation in Government award from the Kennedy 
School at Harvard for creating ``Citistat/311.'' City services actually 
improved, and he took that same approach as Governor, where then, many 
of you here led him to the NGA.

    Martin O'Malley was not for big government, but smart government 
using technology, data, and metrics. He has the talent and know-how to 
master technology and for getting things done on time. He used metrics 
to assess whether the job was being done, on time and within budget. He 
believes in using technology and data for the appropriate deployment of 
resources and technology to measure personal performance, not to 
castigate but to motivate, and guess what--things improved.

    Social Security needs a seasoned leader and manager, and Martin 
O'Malley would be the one that provides that. We take great pride in 
Social Security, and we want it to be one of the best-led agencies, 
focused on constituent responsiveness and ending the backlog of wait 
times.

    Mr. Chairman, this is why I do think that he brings the commitment 
to service, the skillset, and fiscal responsibility that is needed for 
the Social Security Administration. I commend him to you for your 
consideration.

                                 ______
                                 
    Prepared Statement of Hon. Martin J. O'Malley, Nominated to be 
              Commissioner, Social Security Administration
    Chairman Wyden, Ranking Member Crapo, and members of the committee, 
thank you for holding this hearing.

    I would like to thank Senator Cardin and former Senator Mikulski 
for their kind introductions and their outstanding service to our 
country and to the State of Maryland. I want to thank President Biden 
for his trust in me. Finally, I would like to thank my wife, Judge 
Katie Curran O'Malley, and my children, Grace, Tara, William, and Jack, 
for their steadfast support in this challenge, and in every other call 
to public service which our family has answered.

    When I was a boy, I was taught by my parents--children of the Great 
Depression, young people tested by their service in World War II--that 
the greatness of our country is found in the care and concern we show 
for one another, especially those who are sick, those who are old, 
those who are lonely, those who are living with disabilities, children; 
our neighbors who would otherwise go hungry.

    Social Security is the most far-reaching and important act of 
social and economic justice that the people of the United States have 
ever enacted. For tens of millions of Americans across our country, 
Social Security is the difference between living with dignity or living 
in poverty.

    For 88 years--without ever missing a single benefit payment--Social 
Security has strived to provide the right amount, to the right person, 
at the right time. And for the long arc of its history, Social Security 
has done so with a high degree of accuracy. But today, for all its 
historic strengths, we must acknowledge that Social Security faces a 
customer service crisis.

    The truth is, today the Social Security Administration is serving a 
50-percent increase in beneficiary customers with the same levels of 
staffing they had in 1995. Today, a senior citizen who calls the 800 
number of the Social Security Administration will face an average hold 
time of 37 long minutes. Today, an American in need of disability 
benefits will wait 220 days for an initial decision, and perhaps as 
long as 2 years for an appeal.

    This is not the greatness of America. This is not acceptable.

    If someone wants a face-to-face meeting with a Social Security 
employee to claim their benefits, they should be able to get one. If 
you are a person already living with a severe disability, you shouldn't 
have to be dragged through 2 years of ``due process'' to receive the 
benefits for which you have already spent a lifetime working.

    We can and we must do better as a Nation, and as an agency. I 
believe President Biden nominated me for this position because I have 
the leadership skills, the management skills, and the experience--
needed at this moment--to lead this organization forward.

    As a Mayor, I learned there is no Democratic or Republican way to 
fill a pothole. As a Governor, I learned the biggest challenges can 
only be tackled with bipartisan consensus. But, as both a Mayor and as 
a Governor, I developed a discipline for harnessing data and 
information technology in ways that got the best out of large, siloed 
organizations of people that many--inside and outside of government--
thought too unwieldy, too slow, or too steeped in excuses to change.

    Despite the challenges the agency faces, I have no doubt whatsoever 
that the hardworking, patriotic, and dedicated men and women of the 
Social Security Administration of the United States are up to this 
moment. And so am I.

    With your consent and confirmation, it would be the honor of a 
lifetime to lead Social Security's outstanding public servants forward, 
together, in such an important mission. And it would be a great 
privilege to be able to provide each of you--as our Nation's elected 
policymakers--with the best information you need to make the decisions 
necessary for the long-term strength and well-being of Social Security 
for the years ahead.

    With deep humility, I look forward to hearing your advice, 
answering your questions, and earning your consent.

    Thank you.

                                 ______
                                 

                        SENATE FINANCE COMMITTEE

                  STATEMENT OF INFORMATION REQUESTED 
                               OF NOMINEE

                      A. BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

 1.  Name (include any former names used): Martin Joseph O'Malley.

 2.  Position to which nominated: Commissioner, Social Security 
Administration.

 3.  Date of nomination: July 26, 2023.

 4.  Address (list current residence, office, and mailing addresses):

 5.  Date and place of birth: January 18, 1963, Washington, DC.

 6.  Marital status (include maiden name of wife or husband's name):

 7.  Names and ages of children:

 8.  Education (list all secondary and higher education institutions, 
dates attended, degree received, and date degree granted):

        Gonzaga College High School, Washington, DC: High School 
        Diploma, 1981.

        The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC: Bachelor's 
        Degree, 1985.

        University of Maryland Law, Baltimore, MD: Juris Doctorate, 
        1988.

 9.  Employment record (list all jobs held since college, including the 
title or description of job, name of employer, location of work, and 
dates of employment for each job):

        Assistant State's Attorney for Baltimore City, 1988-1990.

        Attorney, Law Offices of Donald Daneman, Baltimore City, 1990-
        1991.

        Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, Councilmember 1991-1999.

        Self-Employed, Martin O'Malley Attorney at Law, 1991-1998.

        Attorney, Wartzman, Omansky Law, Towson, MD 1998-1999.

        Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, Mayor 1999-2006.

        State of Maryland, Governor 2007-2015.

        Banner LLC, solely owned advisory/consulting business 2015-
        present.

10.  Government experience (list any current and former advisory, 
consultative, honorary, or other part-time service or positions with 
Federal, State, or local governments held since college, including 
dates, other than those listed above):

        Advisory Board to U.S. Secretaries of DHS, 2009-2013.

        Democratic Co-Chair of the U.S. Council of Governors (appointed 
        by President Obama), 2013-2015.

11.  Business relationships (list all current and former positions held 
as an officer, director, trustee, partner (e.g., limited partner, non-
voting, etc.), proprietor, agent, representative, or consultant of any 
corporation, company, firm, partnership, other business enterprise, or 
educational or other institution):

        Guidehouse Advisory--Senior Advisor for Smarter Government, 
        2022-present.

        BuildWithin--Advisor, 2022-present.

        ClimateView--Advisor, 2022-present.

        Merit--Advisor, 2021-present.

        Nitra--Advisor, 2021-present.

        Protected by AI--Advisor, 2020-present.

        Incapsulate--Advisor, 2019-present.

        Queensland Investment Corporation, U.S.A--Advisor, 2019-
        present.

        Hytch Rides Rewards--Advisor, 2018-present.

        ClearGov--Member, Board of Directors, 2017-present.

        Geolitica--Member, Board of Directors, 2017-present.

        Amida--Advisor, 2017-present.

        Barcoding.com--Advisor, 2017-present.

        Rivada Networks--Member, Board of Directors, 2016-present.

        Grant Thornton Advisory--Senior Advisor for Smarter Government, 
        2018-2022.

        Project Drawdown--Board member, 2016-2022.

        Tecore Technologies--Consultant, 2020-2021.

        Ecosystem Investment Partners--Consultant, 2020-2021.

        SPIN--Advisor, 2017-2021.

        MetroLab Network--Chair of Advisory Board, 2016-2021.

12.  Memberships (list all current and former memberships, as well as 
any current and former offices held in professional, fraternal, 
scholarly, civic, business, charitable, and other organizations dating 
back to college, including dates for these memberships and offices):

        Member, Maryland State Bar Association, since 1988.

        Fellow, National Academy of Public Administration, since 2019.

        Commissioner, International Commission Against the Death 
        Penalty, 2020 to present.

13.  Political affiliations and activities:

        a.  List all public offices for which you have been a candidate 
        dating back to the age of 18.

       Maryland State Senate, 43rd District, 1990.

       Baltimore City Council, 3rd District, 1991; 1995.

       Mayor of Baltimore, 1999; 2003.

       Governor of Maryland, 2006; 2010.

       President of the United States, 2016.

        b.  List all memberships and offices held in and services 
        rendered to all political parties or election committees, 
        currently and during the last 10 years prior to the date of 
        your nomination.

       Chair of the Democratic Governors Association: 2011-2013.

       O'Say Can You See PAC: 2012-2017.

       Win Back Your State PAC: 2017-2020.

        c.  Itemize all political contributions to any individual, 
        campaign organization, political party, political action 
        committee, or similar entity of $50 or more for the past 10 
        years prior to the date of your nomination.

       To the best of my knowledge and after considerable research 
using Federal, State, and local campaign finance databases, these are 
my personal political contributions over the past 10 years:

       Eric Costello for Baltimore City Council. $500 (8/9/2023).

       Kate Fulton for Rockville City Council. $100 (8/8/2023).

       Baltimore City Central Committee. $250 (7/12/2023).

       Andy Beshear for Governor. $500 (2/21/2023).

       Brooke Lierman for Maryland. $100 (10/27/2022).

       Wes Moore for Maryland. $500 (10/13/2022).

       Steve Johnson for Delegate. $500 (10/13/2022).

       Wes Moore for Maryland. $1,000 (9/28/2022).

       Protect Cecil: Write In Write Now. $250 (9/25/2022).

       Friends of Odette Ramos [Maryland]. $250 (9/21/2022).

       Janet Mills for Governor. $1,000 (8/23/2022).

       Friends of Samay Singh Kindra [Maryland]. $250 (6/29/2022).

       Friends of Sean D. Burns, Esq. [Maryland]. $250 (6/15/2022).

       Lower Shore Progressive Caucus PAC. $250 (6/7/2022).

       Friends of Todd Nock [Maryland]. $500 (5/19/2022).

       Matthew O'Malley for Boston City Council. $250 (5/16/2019).

       Carroll County Democratic Central Committee. $125 (5/16/2022).

       Eric Lynn for Congress. $200 (5/13/2022).

       Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. $2,500 (5/11/2022).

       Friends of Michele Gregory [Maryland]. $500 (5/11/2022).

       Friends of Julie Palakovich Carr [Maryland]. $250 (5/7/2022).

       Washington County Democratic Central Committee. $195 (4/21/
2022).

       Western Maryland Democratic PAC. $1,400 (4/20/2022).

       Elect Andre Johnson [Maryland]. $250 (4/9/2022).

       Friends of M.C. (Mary). Keegan-Ayer [Maryland]. $250 (4/8/2022).

       Citizens for Jerry Donald [Maryland]. $200 (4/8/2022).

       Danny O'Connor for Congress. $250 (3/14/2022).

       Danny O'Connor for Congress. $250 (3/10/2022).

       Ben Chou for Harris County Commissioner. $1,500 (3/2/2022).

       Van Hollen for Senate. $500 (2/3/2022).

       Franken for Iowa. $100 (12/31/2021).

       Friends of Eric Luedtke [Maryland]. $250 (12/2/2021).

       Katie Curran O'Malley for Maryland. $6,000 (11/15/2021).

       Bridie Farrell for Us. $250 (11/15/2021).

       Ben Chou for Harris County Commissioner. $1,000 (11/14/2021).

       Friends of Izzy Patoka [Maryland]. $100 (11/10/2021).

       Glenn Ivey for Congress. $250 (10/28/2021).

       Lucas Kunce for Missouri. $250 (9/22/2021).

       Friends of Vaughn Stewart [Maryland]. $250 (9/20/2021).

       The Calvin Ball Team [Maryland]. $500 (9/12/2021).

       Lucas Kunce For Missouri. $250 (4/25/2021).

       Friends of Izzy Patoka. $500 (4/20/2021).

       Danny O'Connor for Congress. $500 (4/20/2021).

       Michael Beson [New Jersey]. $100 (3/9/2021).

       Michael Beson [New Jersey]. $500 (3/9/2021).

       Powered By People. $500 (2/21/2021).

       Friends of Tobias Read [Oregon]. $500 (2/9/2021).

       Warnock for Georgia. $500 (11/18/2020).

       Christian Motley for City Council [Lexington, KY]. $500 (10/15/
2020).

       Christian Motley for City Council [Lexington, KY]. $500 (10/15/
2020).

       Amy Nielsen for Iowa. $250 (10/12/2020).

       Shaheen for Senate. $250 (10/5/2020).

       Win Back Your State. $1,800 (10/1/2020).

       Vincent Sheheen for South Carolina Senate. $500 (9/4/2020).

       Joe Biden. $800 (8/19/2020).

       Biden Victory Fund. $1,000 (08/06/2020).

       Warnock for Georgia. $500 (7/15/2020).

       Win Back Your State. $1,000 (7/14/2020).

       Joe Biden. $1,000 (7/2/2020).

       Friends of Regina T. Boyce [Maryland]. $250 (7/1/2020).

       Margaret Good for Congress. $250 (6/30/2020).

       Kim Olson for Congress. $250 (6/22/2020).

       Jay Surdukowski for New Hampshire. $1,000 (6/16/2020).

       Brandon Scott for Mayor. $100 (5/29/2020).

       Franken for Iowa. $250 (5/27/2020).

       Kennedy for Massachusetts. $250 (5/19/2020).

       Sarah Riggs Amico for Georgia. $250 (5/14/20).

       Margaret Good for Congress. $250 (4/9/2020).

       Vincent Sheheen for South Carolina Senate. $500 (4/9/2020).

       Texas House Democratic Campaign Committee. $1,000 (3/11/2020).

       Amy Kennedy Congress. $250 (3/6/2020).

       Ferguson, Bill Citizens for. $250 (12/20/2019).

       Ferguson, Bill Citizens for. $250 (12/16/2019).

       Franken for Iowa. $500 (11/23/2019).

       Deval for All. $1,000 (11/23/2019).

       Citizens for Maggie McIntosh [Maryland]. $250 (11/5/2019).

       Jay Surdukowski for New Hampshire. $1,000 (10/19/2019).

       Friends of Regina T. Boyce [Maryland]. $250 (9/23/2019).

       Shaheen for Senate. $500 (9/11/2019).

       Rickey Cole for Mississippi. $1,000 (9/7/2019).

       Win Back Your State. $1,200 (8/11/2019).

       Caroline Sullivan for Raleigh. $500 (8/8/2019).

       Eric Costello for Baltimore. $500 (7/16/2019).

       Friends of Odette Ramos [Maryland]. $250 (6/7/2019).

       Beto O'Rourke. $2,800 (3/20/2019).

       Win Back Your State. $600 (3/18/2019).

       Win Back Your State. $4,400 (1/22/2019).

       Emerge Maryland. $250 (12/12/2018).

       Win Back Your State. $5,000 (11/13/2018).

       Bredesen for Senate. $1,000 (10/29/2018).

       Rob Sand for Iowa. $500 (10/29/2018).

       Heather Matson for Iowa House. $500 (10/27/2018).

       Cindy Axne for Congress. $500 (10/27/2018).

       JD Ford for Indiana Senate. $500 (10/19/2018).

       Zack Space for Ohio. $250 (10/18/2018).

       Tom Sullivan for Colorado House. $300 (10/14/2018).

       Jesse Danielson for Colorado State Senate. $250 (10/14/2018).

       Faith Winter for Colorado State Senate. $250 (10/13/2018).

       Tammy Story for Colorado State Senate $250 (10/13/2018).

       Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. $500 (10/8/2018).

       January Contreras for Arizona Attorney General. $250 (10/8/
2018).

       Katie Hobbs for Arizona Secretary of State. $200 (10/7/2018).

       Laura Kelly for Kansas Governor. $250 (10/4/2018).

       Friends of Ben McAdams. $500 (10/4/2018).

       Kansas Democratic Party. $200 (10/3/2018).

       Tim Gannon for Iowa. $250 (10/3/2018).

       Shireen Ghorbani for Congress. $250 (10/2/2018).

       Charlie Bailey for Georgia Attorney General. $250 (10/1/2018).

       Carolyn for Congress. $250 (9/29/2018).

       House Democratic Caucus Committee, Maryland. $500 (9/28/2018).

       John Murphy for Recorder [Dubuque County, IA]. $500 (9/23/2018).

       Nancy Fett for Iowa. $250 (9/23/2018).

       Kevin Kinney for Iowa State Senate. $500 (9/23/2018).

       Clarke Tucker for Congress. $250 (9/11/2018).

       Helen Tai for Pennsylvania General Assembly. $1,000 (9/8/2018).

       Charlie McConkey for Iowa State Representative. $250 (9/2/2018).

       Machaela Cavanaugh for Nebraska. $250 (9/2/2018).

       Citizens for Brian Frosh [Maryland]. $2,000 (8/29/2018).

       Nathan Johnson for Texas Senate. $250 (8/24/2018).

       Colin Allred for Congress. $250 (8/23/2018).

       James Talarico for Texas House. $250 (8/20/2018).

       John Bucy for Texas House. $250 (8/20/2018).

       Texas House Democratic Campaign Committee. $250 (8/20/18).

       Kopser for Congress. $250 (8/19/2018).

       Friends of Ben Jealous [Maryland]. $500 (8/9/2018).

       New Hampshire House Democrats. $500 (8/5/2018).

       Scholten4Iowa Campaign Committee. $250 (7/26/2018).

       Rob Sand for Iowa. $500 (7/24/2018).

       Earls for Justice [North Carolina]. $250 (7/17/2018).

       Iowa Democratic Party. $100 (7/16/2018).

       David Jacoby for Iowa House. $100 (7/14/2018).

       Ken Harbaugh for Congress. $500 (6/28/2018).

       Friends of David Sloan [Maryland]. $250 (6/25/2018).

       Friends of Amy Blank [Maryland]. $1,000 (6/20/2018).

       Sutton For South Dakota. $500 (6/12/2018).

       Friends of Rushern Baker, III/Comm For Pol Change. $2,000 (6/8/
2018).

       George Franklin For Congress. $500 (6/8/2018).

       Tatiana Matta For Congress. $250 (5/30/2018).

       Friends of Tony (Deoleous) Bridges [Maryland]. $250 (5/30/2018).

       Jim Shea for Maryland. $250 (5/23/2018).

       David Shapiro for Congress. $100 (4/29/2018).

       Jason Crow for Congress. $250 (4/24/2018).

       Friends of Rushern Baker, III/Comm For Pol Change. $1,000 (4/19/
2018).

       The Calvin Ball Team. $500 (4/18/2018).

       Alvin Brown for Congress. $250 (3/31/2018).

       Friends of Tony (Deoleous) Bridges. $200 (3/28/2018).

       Alec Ross for Maryland. $500 (3/27/2018).

       Irish American Democrats. $200 (3/24/2018).

       Friends of Mike (David) Lyles. $250 (1/18/2018).

       Committee for Kevin Kamenetz. $250 (1/5/2018).

       Friends of John Olszewski, Jr. $500 (1/4/2018).

       J.D. Merrill For Maryland State Senate. $6,000 (12/26/2017).

       Michelle Rylands for Washington State Senate. $500 (11/3/2017).

       Northam for Governor [Virginia]. $500 (10/26/2017).

       Justin Fairfax for Virginia. $250 (10/23/2017).

       Anthony Brown for Congress. $250 (9/30/2017).

       Pete Fosselman for Montgomery County Council. $200 (9/16/2017).

       Kevin Kinney for Iowa State Senate. $500 (9/10/2017).

       Nate Boulton for Iowa. $500 (9/8/2017).

       Donte Tanner for Virginia Delegate. $200 (9/2/2017).

       Annette Taddeo for Florida State Senate. $500 (8/29/2017).

       Nate Bouton for Iowa. $500 (7/20/2017).

       Wyoming Democratic Party. $120 (7/15/2017).

       Trevor Elkins Committee [Ohio]. $250 (5/4/2017).

       Friends of Anna Throne-Holst. $250 (10/19/2016).

       Austin Young Democrats. $100 (9/10/2016).

       O'Malley for President. $2,700 (6/30/2015).

       In addition, my Leadership PACs, O'Say Can You See and Win Back 
Your State, made political contributions that were not personal 
donations. As the Chair of the Democratic Governors Association from 
2011-2013, head of the Democratic Party of Maryland as Governor from 
2006-2015, and a candidate for President from 2015-2016, I was involved 
in the distribution of campaign contributions from the organizations. 
Contributions from my Leadership PACs, Democratic Governors 
Association, Democratic Party of Maryland, and O'Malley for President 
are publicly available through campaign finance regulatory agencies.

14.  Honors and awards (list all scholarships, fellowships, honorary 
degrees, honorary society memberships, military medals, and any other 
special recognitions for outstanding service or achievement received 
since the age of 18):

        Similar to many Governors and Mayors, I received many awards, 
        honorary memberships, and other forms of recognition. There is 
        no comprehensive record, but they include:

        The Innovations in Government Award for Citistat/311, Kennedy 
        School, Harvard, 2004--The City of Baltimore was recognized for 
        combining geographic information technology with customer 
        service (call center) technology to create an enterprise system 
        for performance management and continuous improvement.

        Gartner Award for Customer Relations Management for Citistat/
        311, 2003--The City of Baltimore was the first government 
        agency or municipality to ever win the Gartner Customer 
        Relationship Management (CRM) Excellence Award in the large-
        enterprise category.

        U.S. Chamber of Commerce, ranked Maryland #1 in Innovation and 
        Entrepreneurship for 3 years in a row from 2011-2013.

        Education Week Magazine, ranked Maryland Public Schools #1 from 
        2010-2014.

        Governing Magazine, named Public Official of the Year as 
        Governor in 2012.

        Time Magazine, named Top Five Big City Mayors in 2005.

15.  Published writings (list the titles, publishers, dates and 
hyperlinks (as applicable) of all books, articles, reports, blog posts, 
or other published materials you have written):

        To the best of my knowledge and after considerable research, 
        these are published materials I have written:

        ``The Biden administration must vote to abolish the death 
        penalty at the U.N. this week.'' America The Jesuit Review. 
        December 12, 2022. https://www.
        americamagazine.org/politics-society/2022/12/12/un-death-
        penalty-abolition-biden-iran-usa-244324.

        ``Fleecing the States: Fraud in State-Administered Pandemic 
        Programs.'' Co-written with Linda Miller. Route Fifty. 
        September 1, 2021. https://www.route-fifty.com/finance/2021/09/
        fleecing-states-fraud-state-administered-pandemic-programs/
        185010/.

        ``Effective leadership in the age of information.'' Esri 
        Australia. August 9, 2021. https://esriaustralia.com.au/blog/
        technology-creating-new-way-governing.

        ``Smart governing for smart cities.'' Esri Australia. August 4, 
        2021. https://esriaustralia.com.au/blog/rise-smart-cities.

        ``States and Localities Should Implement Equity Compliance 
        Measures.'' Route Fifty. April 26, 2021. https://www.route-
        fifty.com/management/2021/04/states-and-localities-implement-
        equity-compliance-measures/173617/.

        ``Baltimore must make full use of American Rescue Plan money.'' 
        Co-written with Kurt Schmoke. The Baltimore Sun. April 22, 
        2021. https://www.
        baltimoresun.com/opinion/readers-respond/bs-ed-rr-baltimore-
        opportunity-recovery-letter-20210422-
        satlj7oy65d5jadjqukux52mb4-story.html.

        ``You can count on Joe Biden to deliver real change. . . As I 
        got to see for myself.'' Irish Independent. November 5, 2020. 
        https://www.independent.ie/world-news/north-america/you-can-
        count-on-joe-biden-to-deliver-real-change-as-i-got-to-see-for-
        myself/39708794.html.

        ``Joe Biden and A New Way of Governing.'' Medium. October 30, 
        2020. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/joe-biden-and-a-new-
        way-of-governing-a398b48
        de1a7.

        ``Ramping Up Efforts to Trace the Coronavirus.'' Route Fifty. 
        June 3, 2020. https://www.route-fifty.com/management/2020/06/
        efforts-trace-coronavirus/165890/.

        ``What Effective Public Leaders Do to Get Ahead of a Crisis.'' 
        Co-written with Andrew Feldman. Governing. April 2, 2020. 
        https://www.governing.com/now/what-effective-public-leaders-do-
        to-get-ahead-of-crisis.html.

        ``A lot of crazy ideas come out of the woodwork in a pandemic. 
        But this one isn't crazy.'' Medium. March 30, 2020. https://
        medium.com/@MartinOMalley/a-lot-of-crazy-ideas-come-out-of-the-
        woodwork-in-a-pandemic-but-this-one-isnt-crazy-7a0ef11deb7c.

        ``Want to fix the presidential primaries? Revive the fairness 
        and equal time doctrines.'' The Washington Post. January 28, 
        2020. https://www.washington
        post.com/opinions/2020/01/28/want-fix-presidential-primaries-
        revive-fairness-equal-time-doctrines/.

        ``Data sharing crucial for good governance.'' Geospatial World. 
        December 17, 2019. https://www.geospatialworld.net/article/
        data-sharing-good-governance/.

        ``Caught in the Cycle of `Urgent Over Important'? This 
        Leadership Strategy Can Help.'' Co-written with Andrew Feldman. 
        Route Fifty. December 11, 2019. https://www.route-fifty.com/
        management/2019/12/leadership-performancestat
        /161814/.

        Smarter Government: How to Govern for Results in the 
        Information Age. Esri Press. 332 pages. November 5, 2019. 
        https://www.smartergovernment.com.

        ``A lifelong friend remembers Elijah Cummings.'' The American 
        Independent. October 31, 2019. https://americanindependent.com/
        elijah-cummings-martin-o-malley-baltimore-maryland-democrats-
        congress/.

        ``The Federal Government Has Lost Our Trust. It Could Learn 
        Something From Our Cities.'' Time. October 18, 2019. https://
        time.com/5704710/trust-government-democracy/.

        ``Racist President does not know the streets of Baltimore.'' 
        Irish Central. July 31, 2019. https://www.irishcentral.com/
        opinion/others/martin-omalley-racist-president-baltimore.

        ``States must reassert authority on clean energy policy.'' 
        Utility Dive. March 28, 2019. https://www.utilitydive.com/news/
        ex-maryland-gov-omalley-states-must-reassert-authority-on-
        clean-energy-po/551461/.

        ``I hope Beto O'Rourke runs for president in 2020. Here's 
        why.'' USA Today. January 4, 2019. https://
        www.statesmanjournal.com/story/opinion/2019/01/04/martin-
        omalley-president-2020-beto-orourke-column/2482707002/.

        ``Jerry Brown Has the Power to Save 740 Lives. He Should Use 
        It.'' Co-written with Richard Celeste, John Kitzhaber, Bill 
        Richardson, Pat Quinn and Toney Anaya. The New York Times. 
        December 13, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/13/opinion/
        jerry-brown-california-death-row.html.

        ``Larry Hogan's `real estate racket.' '' The Baltimore Sun. 
        October 26, 2018. https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/op-ed/
        bs-ed-op-1029-omalley-hogan-20181025-story.html.

        ``Irish America needs no lessons on liberty and decency from 
        the Irish in Ireland.'' IrishCentral. October 4, 2018. https://
        www.irishcentral.com/news/irish-america-no-lessons-liberty-
        martin-omalley.

        ``Governors can rebuff Trump's refugee policy.'' Houston 
        Chronicle. July 5, 2018. https://www.houstonchronicle.com/
        opinion/outlook/article/Governors-can-rebuff-Trump-s-refugee-
        policy-13051167.php.

        ``When Terrorizing Children Became a Presidential Weapon of 
        Choice.'' Medium. June 21, 2018. https://medium.com/
        @MartinOMalley/when-terrorizing-children-became-a-presidential-
        weapon-of-choice-cd9aa0b61513.

        ``Notes from the Field.'' Medium. June 13, 2018. https://
        medium.com/@MartinOMalley/notes-from-the-field-119b3db425b8.

        ``Notes from the Field.'' Medium. June 4, 2018. https://
        medium.com/@MartinOMalley/notes-from-the-field-c5391fd592b6.

        ``That's a switch--more good candidates than good workers!'' 
        Medium. May 2, 2018. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/thats-a-
        switch-more-good-candidates-than-good-workers-bbb6952096ac.

        ``The World Only Spins Forward.'' Medium. April 22, 2018. 
        https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/the-world-only-spins-forward-
        8dde1ac35784.

        ``Seizing America's Renewable Energy Future.'' New York State 
        Green Building Conference. April 5, 2018. https://www-
        2.esf.edu/greenbuilding/2018/documents/2018NYSGBC_OMalley.pdf.

        ``How many more kids have to die before States take action on 
        gun violence?'' February 19, 2018. https://medium.com/
        @MartinOMalley/how-many-more-kids-have-to-die-before-states-
        take-action-on-gun-violence-5932dd3fbad6.

        ``The Tinhorn Dictator.'' Medium. February 9, 2018. https://
        medium.com/@MartinOMalley/the-tinhorn-dictator-fc3b078be2ef.

        ``Americans Deserve This Transcript.'' HuffPost. January 11, 
        2018. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/americans-deserve-this-
        transcript_b_5a57ab46e4b02f87
        0f8dc39e.

        ``To Win Back Our Country, Democrats Must Win Back Our 
        States.'' HuffPost. November 16, 2017. https://
        www.huffpost.com/entry/to-win-back-our-country-democrats-must-
        win-back-our_b_5a0e00bce4b023121e0e90d8.

        ``Course Correction.'' Green Builder. November 9, 2017. (Blog 
        post no longer available on their website. Previous link: 
        https://www.greenbuildermedia.com/blog/course-correction).

        ``National Service: Hillary Fights For Millennials.'' HuffPost. 
        November 4, 2016. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/national-
        service-hillary_b_12797464.

        ``We can achieve an energy reset in Puerto Rico.'' GreenBiz. 
        October 19, 2017. https://www.greenbiz.com/article/we-can-
        achieve-energy-reset-puerto-rico.

        ``Project Drawdown Here and Now.'' Green Builder. August 23, 
        2017. (Blog post no longer available on their website. Previous 
        link: https://www.
        greenbuildermedia.com/blog/course-correction).

        ``Rise Above.'' Medium. June 5, 2017. https://medium.com/
        @MartinOMalley/the-opportunity-of-climate-change-a6f8ca94e5d8.

        ``Letters from Boston: Final Letter from Boston.'' Medium. May 
        8, 2017. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/final-letter-from-
        boston-75a8ab94a8bf.

        ``Letters from Boston: The Freedom of the City.'' Medium. April 
        18, 2017. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/the-freedom-of-the-
        city-78b69781b6fb.

        ``Letters from Boston: America in Syria.'' Medium. April 10, 
        2017. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/letters-from-boston-
        america-in-syria-92bc0efa9652.

        ``Letters from Boston: Trusting Our Neighbors.'' Medium. April 
        3, 2017. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/letters-from-boston-
        trusting-our-neighbors-55e2
        6ec2fb6e.

        ``Letters from Boston: How You Campaign Determines How You 
        Govern.'' Medium. March 27, 2017. https://medium.com/
        @MartinOMalley/letters-from-boston-how-you-campaign-determines-
        how-you-govern-dbd4d51a1a7a.

        ``Letters from Boston: We Are Exceptional, But Not 
        infallible.'' Medium. March 20, 2017. https://medium.com/
        @MartinOMalley/letters-from-boston-berlin-germany-4824cfc67ca.

        ``Taoiseach fawning at the altar of Trump.'' Business Post. 
        March 19, 2017. https://www.businesspost.ie/insight/martin-
        omalley-taoiseach-fawning-at-the-altar-of-trump/.

        ``Letters from Boston: How we treat the Earth affects all 
        people.'' Medium. March 13, 2017. https://medium.com/
        @MartinOMalley/letters-from-boston-how-we-treat-the-earth-
        affects-all-people-66403ca43194.

        ``Letters from Boston: We Shall Overcome.'' Medium. March 6, 
        2017. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/letters-from-boston-we-
        shall-overcome-efa319b6b
        04b.

        ``Letters from Boston: Change is Inevitable.'' Medium. February 
        27, 2017. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/letters-from-
        boston-change-is-inevitable-691fd03e588c.

        ``Letters from Boston: A Trout in the Milk.'' Medium. February 
        14, 2017. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/trout-in-the-milk-
        f97ca47cbe75.

        ``Letters from Boston: Resistance is a Choice.'' Medium. 
        February 13, 2017. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/letters-
        from-boston-resistance-is-a-choice
        -2e095f397aed.

        ``Pick Pete for the Democrats Future.'' Medium. February 7, 
        2017. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/pick-pete-for-the-
        democrats-future-4346ae0db244.

        ``Letters from Boston: The Truth Behind `Sanctuary' Cities.'' 
        Medium. February 6, 2017. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/
        the-truth-behind-sanctuary-cities-a40b67f9cd15.

        ``Letters from Boston: First they came for the Muslims, and we 
        said, `not in America, you don't.' '' Medium. January 30, 2017. 
        https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/first-they-came-for-the-
        muslims-and-we-said-not-in-america-you-dont-ad267331bf9e.

        ``Restoring the Integrity of Our Democracy.'' Medium. January 
        25, 2017. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/restoring-the-
        integrity-of-our-democracy-99494497460f.

        ``The Opportunity of Climate Change.'' Medium. January 10, 
        2017. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/the-opportunity-of-
        climate-change-2b873a6d7bdd.

        ``Freedom or Fascism.'' HuffPost. November 5, 2016. https://
        www.huffpost.com/entry/go-all-out-for-hillary_b_12813550.

        ``Finally, A Debate on Immigration Reform.'' HuffPost. October 
        18, 2016. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/finally-a-debate-on-
        immig_b_12542652.

        ``Climate Change; The Debate We Need.'' HuffPost. September 30, 
        2016. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/climate-change-the-
        debate_b_12271334.

        `` `Supported by her exiled children in America': John Devoy 
        and Irish America in 1916.'' IrishCentral. September 22, 2016. 
        https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/supported-by-her-
        exiled-children-in-america-john-devoy-and-irish-america-in-
        1916.

        ``Mr. Trump's Catholic Problem.'' HuffPost. August 17, 2016. 
        https://www.
        huffpost.com/entry/mr-trumps-catholic-proble_b_11569202.

        ``Donald Trump Doesn't Believe in Science.'' Medium. July 27, 
        2016. https://medium.com/democratic-national-convention/donald-
        trump-doesnt-believe-in-science-e90d3680785f.

        ``Reinstate The Combat Assault Weapons Ban Now.'' HuffPost. 
        June 23, 2016. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/reinstate-the-
        combat-assa_b_10630392.

        ``Our Immigration Policy Is Not Only Unjust--It's Un-
        American.'' HuffPost. May 9, 2016. https://www.huffpost.com/
        entry/our-immigration-policy-is_b_9876288.

        ``An American Worker's Bill of Rights for the 21st Century.'' 
        O'Malley for President policy release. January 14, 2016. 
        https://web.archive.org/web/20160219
        081906/https://martinomalley.com/policy/workers-bill-of-
        rights/.

        ``A New Agenda for American Cities and Communities.'' O'Malley 
        for President policy release. January 14, 2016. https://
        web.archive.org/web/2016021908
        1908/https:/martinomalley.com/policy/american-cities-and-
        communities/.

        ``An American Worker's Bill of Rights for the 21st Century.'' 
        Medium. January 14, 2016. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/as-
        i-ve-traveled-across-the-country-it-s-clear-that-we-have-come-
        a-long-way-since-the-wall-street-7cb428d1bd
        6d.

        ``No child should go hungry in America.'' Concord Monitor. 
        November 26, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160322002602/
        https:/politics.concordmonitor.
        com/2015/11/opinion/my-turn-no-child-should-go-hungry-in-
        america/.

        ``Keeping America Safe.'' O'Malley for President policy 
        release. November 25, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/
        20160219081912/https:/martinomalley.com
        /policy/keeping-america-safe/.

        ``Innovation: The Key to Progress in Health.'' O'Malley for 
        President policy release. November 24, 2015. https://
        web.archive.org/web/20160219082047/https:/martinomalley.com/
        policy/health-care/.

        ``Governor O'Malley's Plan for Veterans and Military 
        Families.'' O'Malley for President policy release. November 9, 
        2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160219082204/https:/
        martinomalley.com/policy/veterans/.

        ``Why the death penalty needs to go.'' CNN. November 6, 2015. 
        https://www.cnn.com/2015/11/06/opinions/omalley-capital-
        punishment/index.html.

        ``Choose a president with experience, vision, results.'' 
        Portsmouth Herald. November 6, 2015. https://
        www.seacoastonline.com/story/news/local/exeter-news-letter/
        2015/11/06/choose-president-with-experience-vision/
        33157979007/.

        ``America can afford to expand Social Security.'' Concord 
        Monitor. October 20, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/
        20151022190323/https:/politics.concord
        monitor.com/2015/10/opinion/my-turn-america-can-afford-to-
        expand-social-security/.

        ``Tonight--An Introduction.'' Medium. October 13, 2015. https:/
        /medium.com/@MartinOMalley/tonight-an-introduction-
        d480496c5f37.

        ``Trade Policy.'' O'Malley for President policy release. 
        October 9, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160219082050/
        https:/martinomalley.com/policy/trade-policy/.

        ``Stop stumbling into bad trade deals.'' The Gazette (Cedar 
        Rapids). October 8, 2015. https://www.thegazette.com/guest-
        columnists/omalley-stop-stumbling-into-bad-trade-deals/.

        ``National Service.'' O'Malley for President policy release. 
        October 7, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160219082207/
        https:/martinomalley.com/policy/national-service/.

        ``Financial Reform.'' O'Malley for President policy release. 
        October 7, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160219082231/
        https:/martinomalley.com/policy/financial-reform/.

        ``New Climate Leadership.'' O'Malley for President policy 
        release. October 6, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/
        20160219082113/https:/martinomalley.com
        /policy/clean-energy-future/.

        ``Addiction Treatment to Save Lives.'' O'Malley for President 
        policy release. October 6, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/
        20160219082245/https:/martin
        omalley.com/the-latest/addiction-treatment-and-prevention/.

        ``O'Malley's remarks on combatting gun violence.'' Medium. 
        October 4, 2015. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/o-malley-s-
        remarks-on-combatting-gun-violence-286b299945a7.

        ``Substance abuse fight requires action, resolve.'' Concord 
        Monitor. October 4, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/
        20160201060114/https:/politics.concord
        monitor.com/2015/10/opinion/my-turn-substance-abuse-fight-
        requires-action-resolve/.

        ``Put more cops on Wall Street beat.'' Des Moines Register. 
        October 1, 2015. https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/
        opinion/columnists/caucus/2015/10/01/omalley-put-more-cops-
        wall-street-beat/73142584/.

        ``Restoring our American Democracy: Campaign Finance Reform.'' 
        O'Malley for President policy release. October 1, 2015. https:/
        /web.archive.org/web/20160219082256/https:/martinomalley.com/
        the-latest/campaign-finance-reform/.

        ``What did Citizens United do and why does it matter?'' Medium. 
        September 30, 2015. https://medium.com/@MartinOMalley/this-
        week-marks-the-end-of-another-campaign-fundraising-quarter-
        876ed5be8d52.

        ``Francis' visit calls for a reflection on our Nation's 
        obligations, priorities.'' National Catholic Reporter. 
        September 21, 2015. https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/
        francis-visit-calls-reflection-our-nations-obligations-
        priorities.

        ``America succeeds when women and families succeed.'' The 
        Gazette (Cedar Rapids). September 14, 2015. https://
        www.thegazette.com/guest-columnists/america-succeeds-when-
        women-and-families-succeed/.

        ``My promise on guns, NRA.'' CNN. September 14, 2015. https://
        www.cnn.com/2015/09/14/opinions/omalley-guns-nra/index.html.

        ``Preventing and Reducing Gun Violence.'' O'Malley for 
        President policy release. September 14, 2015. https://
        web.archive.org/web/20160219081925/https:/martinomalley.com/
        policy/preventing-and-reducing-gun-violence/.

        ``Lady Liberty should open arms to Syrian refugees.'' USA 
        Today. September 9, 2015. https://www.usatoday.com/story/
        opinion/2015/09/09/syrian-refugee-crisis-american-role-
        increase-resettlement-column/71929100/.

        ``Rebuilding the American Dream through the Innovation 
        Economy.'' Startup Mag. August 24, 2015. https://medium.com/
        the-startup-magazine-collection/rebuilding-the-american-dream-
        through-the-innovation-economy-dbe5c2b4327c.

        ``To ensure retirement security, let's start by expanding 
        Social Security.'' Quad-City Times. August 21, 2015. https://
        qctimes.com/news/opinion/mailbag/to-ensure-retirement-security-
        lets-start-by-expanding-social-security/article_fb25c25
        2-dc5a-5f21-b200-950075bad574.html.

        ``Expand Social Security.'' O'Malley for President policy 
        release. August 21, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/
        20160219082031/https:/martinomalley.com/policy/expanding-
        social-security/.

        ``U.N. should take responsibility for Haiti's deadly cholera 
        epidemic.'' CNN. August 17, 2015. https://www.cnn.com/2015/08/
        17/opinions/omalley-haiti-cholera-un/index.html.

        ``15 Goals to Rebuild the American Dream.'' O'Malley for 
        President policy release. August 13, 2015. https://
        web.archive.org/web/20160219082033/https://martinomalley.com/
        15-goals/goal-1/.

        ``My 15 Goals to Rebuild the American Dream.'' Medium. August 
        13, 2015. https://medium.com/o-malley-for-president/national-
        goals-for-the-american-dream-1e93dff89bf.

        ``Here Are 15 Things You Won't Hear at Tonight's GOP Debate.'' 
        Independent Journal Review. August 6, 2015. https://
        web.archive.org/web/201508090223
        18/http:/journal.ijreview.com/2015/08/.246013-15-things-wont-
        hear-tonights-gop-debate/.

        ``Criminal Justice Reform.'' O'Malley for President policy 
        release. July 31, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/
        20160219082138/https:/martinomalley.com/policy/criminal-
        justice/.

        ``Congress needs to act on gun reform.'' The Boston Globe. July 
        25, 2015. https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2015/07/24/
        martin-malley-congress-needs-act-gun-reform/
        VHwtYH6qor1wVsy4u1n2mJ/story.html.

        ``Creating a 21st Century immigration policy.'' The Gazette 
        (Cedar Rapids). July 14, 2015. https://www.thegazette.com/
        guest-columnists/creating-a-21st-century-immigration-policy/.

        ``Welcoming New Americans to Rebuild the American Dream.'' 
        O'Malley for President policy release. July 14, 2015. https://
        web.archive.org/web/20160219082334/https:/martinomalley.com/
        policy/immigration/.

        ``Making College Debt Free for All Americans.'' O'Malley for 
        President policy release. July 8, 2015. https://
        web.archive.org/web/20160219082049/https:/martinomalley.com/
        policy/make-college-debt-free/.

        ``We can get all our energy from renewables.'' Des Moines 
        Register. June 29, 2015. https://www.desmoinesregister.com/
        story/opinion/columnists/caucus/2015/06/30/omalley-can-get-
        energy-renewables/29489855/.

        ``Remarks on Foreign Policy.'' Transcribed remarks from 
        TruCon15. June 25, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/
        20160219081928/https:/martinomalley.com
        /policy/foreign-policy/.

        ``I'm pissed.'' Medium. June 19, 2015. https://medium.com/
        @MartinOMalley/i-m-pissed-c40c6315c26b.

        ``Zero out fossil fuels by 2050.'' USA Today. June 18, 2015. 
        https://www.
        usatoday.com/story/opinion/2015/06/18/pope-francis-encyclical-
        clean-energy-technology-campaign-column/28859409/.

        ``Moral Leadership in Our Own Hemisphere.'' HuffPost. June 17, 
        2015. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/moral-leadership-in-our-
        o_b_7606358.

        ``The U.S. Government--and the Next President--Needs to Take 
        Cybersecurity Seriously.'' Foreign Policy. June 9, 2015. 
        https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/06/09/the-u-s-government-and-
        the-next-president-needs-to-take-cybersecurity-seriously/.

        ``We Are Capable of More.'' HuffPost. April 30, 2015. https://
        www.huffpost.com/entry/we-are-capable-of-more_b_7179780.

        ``Federal solutions to our student loan problem.'' The 
        Washington Post. April 23, 2015. https://
        www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/federal-solutions-to-our-
        student-loan-problem/2015/04/23/a9ab9f6c-e69a-11e4-9767-
        6276fc9b0ada_story
        .html.

        ``Debt Free College.'' Medium. April 23, 2015. https://
        medium.com/o-malley-for-president/debt-free-college-
        2dd0b3cb4982.

        ``Prevent another crash, reform Wall Street.'' Des Moines 
        Register. March 19, 2015. https://www.desmoinesregister.com/
        story/opinion/columnists/caucus/2015/03/20/prevent-another-
        crash-reform-wall-street/25057735/.

        ``On the Clock, but Underpaid.'' Politico Magazine. February 
        26, 2015. https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/02/
        overtime-pay-115540/.

        ``Don't Drill Along the East Coast.'' The New York Times. 
        February 2, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/02/opinion/
        dont-drill-along-the-east-coast.
        html.

        ``Letters to the People of Maryland.'' Tumblr. January 1, 2015-
        November 15, 2015. https://letterstomaryland.tumblr.com/.

        ``Democrats reflect your values.'' USA Today. November 3, 2014. 
        https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2014/11/03/omalley-
        democrats-american-values-election-day-column/18435065/.

        ``The legacy of the Battle of Baltimore.'' The Baltimore Sun. 
        September 11, 2014. https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/bs-
        xpm-2014-09-11-bs-ed-star-spangled-20140911-story.html.

        ``Back to School and Winning the Future.'' HuffPost. August 25, 
        2014. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/back-to-school-and-
        winnin_b_5709895.

        ``Forging a smart growth economy.'' The Baltimore Sun. July 21, 
        2014. https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/op-ed/bs-ed-omalley-
        entrepreneurship-201407
        20-story.html.

        ``Making College More Affordable for More Families.'' HuffPost. 
        May 23, 2014. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/making-college-
        more-affor_b_5380350,

        ``The Power of Open Data.'' HuffPost. April 10, 2014. https://
        www.huffpost
        .com/entry/the-power-of-open-data_b_5128428.

        ``Equal Pay Day--Making Maryland Even Better for Women.'' 
        HuffPost. April 8, 2014. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/equal-
        pay-day-making-ma_b_5112829.

        ``Maryland Notches Another Victory for LGBT Rights.'' HuffPost. 
        March 28, 2014. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/maryland-
        notches-another_b_5051443.

        ``Investing in Education . . . Creating Opportunity.'' 
        HuffPost. February 5, 2014. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/
        investing-in-education-cr_b_4732755.

        ``What Maryland does better than Texas.'' The Washington Post. 
        September 17, 2013. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/
        gov-omalley-what-maryland-does-better-than-texas/2013/09/17/
        0c6b00f2-1faf-11e3-94a2-6c66b668ea55_
        story.html.

        ``Strengthening Our Democracy by Making It Easier to Vote.'' 
        HuffPost. May 2, 2013. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/
        strengthening-our-democra_b_3199673.

        ``Preparing for the Next Boston Bombing.'' HuffPost. April 25, 
        2013. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/preparing-for-the-next-
        bo_b_3155855.

        ``The Things That Work to Curb Gun Violence.'' HuffPost. April 
        5, 2013. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-things-that-work-
        to-c_b_3019119.

        ``Replace the sequester before it's too late.'' Co-written with 
        Steny Hoyer. The Baltimore Sun. April 4, 2013. https://
        www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/op-ed/bs-ed-hoyer-omalley-
        sequester-20130404-story.html.

        ``Better Choices, Better Results: Moving Maryland Towards Wind 
        Power.'' HuffPost. March 19, 2013. https://www.huffpost.com/
        entry/better-choices-better-res_b_2906255.

        ``A Balanced Approach Works.'' HuffPost. February 27, 2013. 
        https://www.
        huffpost.com/entry/a-balanced-approach-works_b_2774479.

        ``Maryland: Leading the Way in Cyber.'' HuffPost. February 19, 
        2013. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/maryland-leading-the-
        way_b_2718883.

        `` `Plan B' Isn't a Plan at All.'' HuffPost. December 19, 2012. 
        https://www.
        huffpost.com/entry/plan-b-isnt-a-plan-at-all_b_2332152.

        ``Maryland Defends Marriage Equality.'' HuffPost. November 12, 
        2012. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/maryland-defends-
        marriage_b_2117180.

        ``For Question 6, Because We Love Maryland.'' Co-written with 
        Michael Bloomberg. HuffPost. October 25, 2012. https://
        www.huffpost.com/entry/for-
        question-6-because-we_b_2018826.

        ``A Ruling to Move Us Forward.'' HuffPost. June 28, 2012. 
        https://www.
        huffpost.com/entry/a-ruling-to-move-us-forwa_b_1634467.

        ``Mitt Romney's Job-less Plan.'' HuffPost. June 11, 2012. 
        https://www.
        huffpost.com/entry/mitt-romneys-job-less-pla_b_1588236.

        ``Health reform has been critical for Maryland.'' The Baltimore 
        Sun. May 3, 2012. https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/bs-xpm-
        2012-05-03-bs-ed-omalley
        -aca-20120503-story.html.

        ``Reversing Deforestation Is Complicated; Planting a Tree Is 
        Simple.'' HuffPost. April 30, 2012. https://www.huffpost.com/
        entry/reversing-deforestation-i_b_14
        65102.

        ``We Need to Invest in Infrastructure.'' HuffPost. March 15, 
        2012. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/we-need-to-invest-in-
        infr_b_1347197.

        ``Dignity for All: Why I Signed Same-Sex Marriage into Maryland 
        Law.'' HuffPost. March 2, 2012. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/
        maryland-gaymarriage_b_1314982.

        ``Baltimore believed, and change has come.'' The Baltimore Sun. 
        January 3, 2012. https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/bs-xpm-
        2012-01-03-bs-ed-believe-20120103-story.html.

        ``Merger doesn't do enough to help Marylanders.'' The Baltimore 
        Sun. December 8, 2011. https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/bs-
        xpm-2011-12-08-bs-ed-omalley-constellation-20111208-story.html.

        ``Modern Investments: A Historic Truth.'' HuffPost. October 20, 
        2011. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/congress-jobs-
        act_b_1022587.

        ``A Very Real Threat.'' HuffPost. July 19, 2011. https://
        www.huffpost.com/entry/debt-ceiling-default_b_903669.

        ``A Balanced Approach.'' HuffPost. June 30, 2011. https://
        www.huffpost.com/entry/a-balanced-approach_b_888015.

        ``Investing to Win the Future.'' HuffPost. April 14, 2011. 
        https://www.
        huffpost.com/entry/investing-to-win-the-futu_b_849123.

        ``The need for the NewDEAL.'' Co-written with Mark Begich. The 
        Hill. March 29, 2011. https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/
        economy-a-budget/86863-the-need-for-the-newdeal/.

        ``Children's future is in the balance.'' Politico. February 25, 
        2011. https://www.politico.com/story/2011/02/childrens-future-
        is-in-the-balance-050125.

        ``Affordable Care Act.'' February 17, 2011. https://
        www.huffpost.com/entry/affordable-care-act_b_824695.

        ``Obama's model is working in Maryland.'' The Baltimore Sun. 
        February 14, 2011. https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/bs-xpm-
        2011-02-14-bs-ed-omalley
        -obama-20110214-story.html.

        ``A defining time for America.'' Politico. February 2, 2011. 
        https://www.
        politico.com/story/2011/02/a-defining-time-for-america-048596.

        ``Maryland faces tough choices but a bright future.'' The 
        Baltimore Sun. January 22, 2011. https://www.baltimoresun.com/
        news/bs-xpm-2011-01-22-bs-ed-omalley-budget-20110122-
        story.html.

        ``Governing In Hard Times.'' The Washington Post. October 17, 
        2010. (Not found online.)

        ``Public, private plans rebuild States.'' Co-written with 
        Christopher Lee. Politico. September 30, 2010. https://
        www.politico.com/story/2010/09/public-private-plans-rebuild-
        states-042903.

        ``Kids need environmental literacy.'' The Baltimore Sun. July 
        27, 2010. https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/bs-xpm-2010-07-
        27-bs-ed-omalley-nature-20100
        727-story.html.

        ``CitiStat: 10 years of measuring progress.'' Co-written with 
        Stephanie Rawlings-Blake. The Baltimore Sun. June 30, 2010. 
        https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/bs-xpm-2010-06-30-bs-ed-
        citistat-20100630-story.html.

        ``Maryland ready to take cyber security industry to the next 
        level.'' The Baltimore Sun. January 25, 2010. https://
        www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/bs-xpm-2010-01-25-bal-op-
        security0125-story.html.

        ``Maryland's Commitment to Advancing Stem Cell Research.'' 
        HuffPost. November 28, 2009. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/
        marylands-commitment-to-a_
        b_301953.

        ``Risky for Ratepayers.'' The Baltimore Sun. September 16, 
        2009. https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2009-09-16-
        0909150056-story.html.

        ``Maryland Calls for Unified Action on Contraband Cell 
        Phones.'' Corrections Today. August 9, 2009. http://
        connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/43827434/maryland-calls-
        unified-action-contraband-cell-phones.

        ``America's First Global Warming Cap and Trade Program Is 
        Working, and Here's Why.'' U.S. News & World Report. July 14, 
        2009. https://www.usnews.
        com/opinion/articles/2009/07/14/americas-first-global-warming-
        cap-and-trade-program-is-working-and-heres-why.

        ``Deal Merits Scrutiny.'' The Baltimore Sun. June 22, 2009. 
        https://www.
        baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2009-06-22-0906210071-story.html.

        ``Maryland Unveils the Mikulski Express.'' HuffPost. June 6, 
        2009. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/maryland-unveils-the-
        miku_b_198148.

        ``Maryland Needs to Repeal the Death Penalty--Now.'' HuffPost. 
        April 2, 2009. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/maryland-needs-
        to-repeal_b_171236.

        ``State Government 2.0: How Technology Will Help Maryland Make 
        the Most of the Stimulus.'' HuffPost. March 30, 2009. https://
        www.huffpost.com/entry/state-government-20-how-t_b_170563.

        ``Maryland's Hard Lessons in Helping Homeowners.'' The 
        Washington Post. March 9, 2009. https://www.washingtonpost.com/
        wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/08/AR2009030801495.html.

        ``Congrats to Wicomico County.'' Daily Times (Salisbury, MD). 
        December 13, 2008. (Not found online.)

        ``Obama Will Lead Maryland Forward.'' Baltimore Afro-American. 
        August 30, 2008. (Not found online.)

        ``States do their part to make ends meet in tough times.'' Co-
        written with David Paterson. Star Tribune (Minnesota). August 
        1, 2008. https://www.star
        tribune.com/states-do-their-part-to-make-ends-meet-in-tough-
        times/26189839/.

        ``Take the Maryland `Buy Local' Challenge.'' Daily Times 
        (Salisbury, MD). July 22, 2008. (Not found online.)

        ``Dem governors unite behind Obama.'' Co-written with Janet 
        Napolitano. Politico. June 19, 2008. https://www.politico.com/
        story/2008/06/dem-governors-unite-behind-obama-011197.

        ``Be Prepared for 2008 Storm Season.'' Daily Times (Salisbury, 
        MD). June 2, 2008. (Not found online.)

        ``Our Chance to Capture the Center.'' Co-written with Harold 
        Ford Jr. The Washington Post. August 7, 2007. https://
        www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/06/
        AR2007080601158.html.

        ``Increasing Independence and Securing Retirement for Maryland 
        Seniors.'' Campaign policy proposal. 2006. https://
        web.archive.org/web/200605071252
        23/http://www.martinomalley.com/page/file/
        b21efa74c6c8af288c_3om6bxavy.
        pdf/Seniors_two-pager_FINAL.pdf.

        ``Strengthening Maryland's Farming Families and Rural 
        Communities.'' Campaign policy proposal. 2006. https://
        web.archive.org/web/20060507125118/http://
        www.martinomalley.com/page/file/ea922ab591fcd6da80 
        y0m6bxtgf.pdf/Ag_two-pager_FINAL.pdf.

        ``Opening the Doors of Educational Opportunity for All 
        Marylanders.'' Campaign policy proposal. 2006. https://
        web.archive.org/web/20060507125133/http://
        www.martinomalley.com/page/file/
        34f8f152e561bae486_rbm6bneqo.pdf/Education_two-pager_FINAL.pdf.

        ``Defending Maryland Against Rising Energy Prices.'' Campaign 
        policy proposal. 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/
        20060507125216/http://www.martin
        omalley.com/page/file/e6d5962ec5cffdd90e_b5m6bng2z.pdf/OMalley-
        Brown_
        Plan_for_More_Affordable Energy.pdf.

        ``Ensuring a Cleaner, Healthier Maryland.'' Campaign policy 
        proposal. 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060507123905/
        http://www.martinomalley.com
        /page/file/0615fc2c32b6dc656b_igm6bn85x.pdf/Enviro_two-
        pager_FINAL.pdf.

        ``Fighting for Hard-Working Maryland Families.'' Campaign 
        policy proposal. 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/
        20060507123214/http://www.martin
        omalley.com/page/file/58a5ab7d1b00868bee_ckm6bxazy.pdf/
        Working_Families
        _two-pager_FINAL.pdf.

        ``Providing Affordable, Quality Health Care.'' Campaign policy 
        proposal. 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060507123130/
        http://www.martinomalley.com
        /page/file/d49fb380c26edb4d3d_rfm6bn80j.pdf/Health_Care_two-
        pager_FINAL
        .pdf.

        ``Safeguarding and Securing Maryland.'' Campaign policy 
        proposal. 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060507123231/
        http://www.martinomalley.com
        /page/file/4bcc0a9d45af07e6d0_jam6bxapy.pdf/
        Homeland_Security_two-pager_
        FINAL.pdf.

        ``Making Home Ownership More Affordable.'' Campaign policy 
        proposal. 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060507123615/
        http://www.martinomalley.com
        /page/file/a4a83859cb7241edbc_ozm6bxqnj.pdf/Housing_two-
        pager_FINAL.pdf.

        ``Creating Better, Higher Paying Jobs for Maryland.'' Campaign 
        policy proposal. 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/
        20060507123200/http://www.martin
        omalley.com/page/file/391376258684558d1c_dym6bxa1h.pdf/
        Jobs_two-pager_
        FINAL.pdf.

        ``Protecting Maryland's Families and Neighborhoods.'' Campaign 
        policy proposal. 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/
        20060507125015/http://www.martin
        omalley.com/page/file/a03c4a74952547516a_7bm6bx80c.pdf/
        Crime_two-pager_
        FINAL.pdf.

        ``Ending Maryland's Traffic Gridlock.'' Campaign policy 
        proposal. 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060507125127/
        http://www.martinomalley.com/page/
        file/34fa60ca6b020d52cf_12m6bxt0o.pdf/Transportation_two-
        pager_FINAL.pdf.

        ``State Defies Law on DSS.'' The Baltimore Sun. November 24, 
        2003. https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2003-11-24-
        0311240123-story.html.

        ``And the children shall lead: Baltimore on the rise, greater 
        strides to be made.'' Baltimore Afro-American. July 25, 2003. 
        (Not found online.)

        ``Untold story: City more responsive.'' The Baltimore Sun. 
        March 7, 2003. https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2003-
        03-07-0303070390-story.
        html.

        ``Taxing Homeland Security.'' The Washington Post. February 17, 
        2003. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2003/02/
        17/taxing-homeland-security/76d13a32-c6e5-4605-8cf1-
        2269bc688cfa/.

        ``Taxes are investment in Baltimore's future.'' The Baltimore 
        Sun. May 7, 2001. https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-
        2001-05-07-0105070264-story.
        html.

        ``Critics overlook strides in city's crime fighting.'' The 
        Baltimore Sun. March 20, 2001. https://www.baltimoresun.com/
        news/bs-xpm-2001-03-20-0103200321-story.html.

        ``A midnight dreary nevermore.'' The Baltimore Sun. January 26, 
        2001. https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2001-01-26-
        0101260110-story.html.

        ``Rebuilding Baltimore.'' The Baltimore Sun. November 20, 2000. 
        https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2000-11-20-0011200183-
        story.html.

        ``Saving Baltimore's streets.'' The Baltimore Sun. June 15, 
        2000. https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2000-06-15-
        0006150229-story.html.

        ``Zero-tolerance only way to cut homicide rate.'' The Baltimore 
        Sun. January 12, 1999. https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-
        xpm-1999-01-12-9901120279-story.html.

        ``With Change There is Hope: A Blueprint for Baltimore's 
        Future--Restoring Public Safety.'' Councilman Martin O'Malley 
        Campaign Policy Book. 1999. https://drive.google.com/file/d/
        1xgBetm7ctq0mWVSSJ2VtqsbheN-WUvQi/view
        ?usp=share_link.

        ``With Change There is Hope: A Blueprint for Baltimore's 
        Future--Restoring Economic Opportunity, Neighborhoods & 
        Schools.'' Councilman Martin O'Malley Campaign Policy Book. 
        1999. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aOF543gj8kmn
        ESiJLDk1oKU_UUYpuNhf/view?u_sp=share_link.

16.  Speeches (list all formal speeches and presentations (e.g., 
PowerPoint) you have delivered during the past 5 years which are on 
topics relevant to the position for which you have been nominated, 
including dates):

        I have not given any speeches on Social Security in the last 5 
        years.

17.  Qualifications (state what, in your opinion, qualifies you to 
serve in the position to which you have been nominated):

        I am deeply grateful to the President for nominating me to 
        serve as Commissioner of the Social Security Administration. 
        Because of the executive and performance management skills I 
        have honed and practice over a lifetime of public service, I am 
        especially well-qualified to provide Social Security--and the 
        citizens of our country--with the collaborative, operational, 
        customer-focused leadership the agency so desires and needs at 
        this time in its history.

        I believe that Social Security is the most far-reaching and 
        important act of social and economic justice that the people of 
        the United States have ever enacted. For millions of people 
        across our country today, Social Security is the difference 
        between living with dignity or living in poverty.

        As President Ronald Reagan said when signing the bipartisan 
        Social Security Amendments of 1983, ``this bill demonstrates 
        for all time our Nation's iron-clad commitment to Social 
        Security. It assures the elderly that America will always keep 
        the promises made in troubled times a half century ago. It 
        assures those who are still working that they, too, have a pact 
        with the future . . . that they will get their fair share of 
        benefits when they retire.''

        But from time to time, even the most important of programs must 
        be modernized, strengthened, and improved. That was true for 
        Social Security in 1983 and that is true for Social Security 
        today. With more timely, accurate information shared by all, 
        and with a collaborative and relentless regimen of performance 
        management, we will fulfill two critically important duties. We 
        will improve customer service, and we will also provide 
        Congress with the facts they require--as policymakers--to make 
        the best budgetary and fiscal decisions for all of us.

        Over the course of 15 years of executive service, I have 
        developed a talent for improving the delivery of customer 
        service in large public service organizations (agencies, 
        departments, a city, a State, sometimes several States). I've 
        learned how to improve the delivery of better outcomes and how 
        to improve customer service delivery through leadership 
        commitment, openness, transparency, and a collaborative but 
        relentless process of performance management.

        As Mayor, I learned that there is no Democrat or Republican way 
        to fill a pothole. As Governor, I learned the biggest 
        challenges can only be tackled with bipartisan support. But as 
        both a Mayor and as a Governor, I developed a skill for 
        harnessing information technology in ways that got the best out 
        of large, siloed organizations that many--inside and outside of 
        government--thought too unwieldy, too slow, or too steeped in 
        excuses to change. Using 311 as a single number for all City 
        customer service complaints. Integrating timely, accurate 
        information from our call center and customers for continuous 
        improvement of operations on the front lines. Mapping 
        complaints and service fulfillments in ways so all could see 
        not only the high performers, but the outliers and anomalies. 
        Lifting up the leaders in an unrelenting cadence of 
        collaborative, operational sprints every 2 weeks. These are the 
        ways that collaborative leadership transforms organizations to 
        achieve better results.

        It was these techniques--put into practice across the 
        enterprise of government--that earned my administration the 
        Kennedy School's Innovations in Government Award from Harvard's 
        Kennedy School of Government in 2002; and it was these 
        techniques taken to scale at the State level which caused 
        Washingtonian Magazine in 2015 to call me ``probably the best 
        manager in public office today.'' Whether it was making 
        Maryland's Public Schools #1 in America for 5 years in a row, 
        driving violent crime to 35-year lows, or working with other 
        States to reverse a 300-year decline in the health of the 
        waters of the Chesapeake Bay, the leadership practice of 
        performance management was at the heart of it all.

        The dedicated Federal and State employees whose job it is to 
        make Social Security work for all of us, have been 
        underappreciated and understaffed for years. Some critically 
        important aspects of customer service like wait times on the 1-
        800 number and backlogs in making disability determinations 
        have gone from bad to worse in recent years as the number of 
        beneficiaries has grown. But with collaborative, operational 
        leadership and a customer-centered approach, we can create a 
        winnable game inside the agency that will result in better 
        customer service for Americans all cross our country.

        As a former Governor who dealt every day with large systems, 
        and as a manager drawn to tough challenges, I am excited by the 
        opportunity to lead Social Security firmly and quickly into the 
        future. I have over the years been among and with the 
        hardworking men and women who work for Social Security at the 
        Headquarters in Woodlawn. Like the citizens they serve, the 
        employees of Social Security are patriotic, dedicated, and 
        hardworking moms and dads who want to do their jobs well and do 
        right by the people they serve.

        It would be the honor of a lifetime to lead them forward as, 
        together, we overcome the considerable operational challenges 
        facing the agency at this critical moment. Citizens deserve the 
        highest level of customer service from their government. 
        Everyone who has worked hard to earn their Social Security 
        benefits deserves a timely response and answers to their 
        questions. I believe Social Security is the most important and 
        far-reaching program for social justice and the protection of 
        individual human dignity that our Republic has ever 
        established. Therefore, we owe it to every American to improve 
        the level of customer service at Social Security.

                   B. FUTURE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPS

 1.  Will you sever all connections (including participation in future 
benefit arrangements) with your present employers, business firms, 
associations, or organizations if you are confirmed by the Senate? If 
not, provide details.

        Yes.

 2.  Do you have any plans, commitments, or agreements to pursue 
outside employment, with or without compensation, during your service 
with the government? If so, provide details.

        No.

 3.  Has any person or entity made a commitment or agreement to employ 
your services in any capacity after you leave government service? If 
so, provide details.

        No.

 4.  If you are confirmed by the Senate, do you expect to serve out 
your full term or until the next presidential election, whichever is 
applicable? If not, explain.

        Yes.

                   C. POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 1.  Indicate any current and former investments, obligations, 
liabilities, or other personal relationships, including spousal or 
family employment, which could involve potential conflicts of interest 
in the position to which you have been nominated.

        In connection with the nomination process, I have consulted 
        with the Office of Government Ethics and the Designated Agency 
        Ethics Official at the Social Security Administration to 
        identify any potential conflict of interest. Any conflict of 
        interest will be resolved in accordance with the terms of an 
        ethics agreement that I have entered into with the Social 
        Security Administration's Designated Agency Ethics Official and 
        that will be provided to this committee. In the event that an 
        actual or potential conflict of interest arises during my 
        appointment, I will consult with the Social Security 
        Administration's ethics counsel and take the measures necessary 
        to resolve the conflict.

 2.  Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial 
transaction which you have had during the last 10 years (prior to the 
date of your nomination), whether for yourself, on behalf of a client, 
or acting as an agent, that could in any way constitute or result in a 
possible conflict of interest in the position to which you have been 
nominated.

        In connection with the nomination process, I have consulted 
        with the Office of Government Ethics and the Designated Agency 
        Ethics Official at the Social Security Administration to 
        identify any potential conflict of interest. Any conflict of 
        interest will be resolved in accordance with the terms of an 
        ethics agreement that I have entered into with the Social 
        Security Administration's Designated Agency Ethics Official and 
        that will be provided to this committee. In the event that an 
        actual or potential conflict of interest arises during my 
        appointment, I will consult with the Social Security 
        Administration's ethics counsel and take the measures necessary 
        to resolve the conflict.

 3.  Describe any activity during the past 10 years (prior to the date 
of your nomination) in which you have engaged for the purpose of 
directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or modification 
of any legislation or affecting the administration and execution of law 
or public policy. Activities performed as an employee of the Federal 
Government need not be listed.

        In 2020, I helped the musicians and supporters of the Baltimore 
        Symphony Orchestra get support from the State of Maryland.

        Also, as a member of the International Commission Against the 
        Death Penalty, I've frequently urged leaders and legislators 
        across the globe and in the relevant States to abolish the 
        death penalty in favor of life without possibility of parole. 
        My writings on this topic are included in the response to #15 
        above.

 4.  Explain how you will resolve any potential conflict of interest, 
including any that are disclosed by your responses to the above items. 
(Provide the committee with two copies of any trust or other 
agreements.)

        In connection with the nomination process, I have consulted 
        with the Office of Government Ethics and the Designated Agency 
        Ethics Official at the Social Security Administration to 
        identify any potential conflict of interest. Any conflict of 
        interest will be resolved in accordance with the terms of an 
        ethics agreement that I have entered into with the Social 
        Security Administration's Designated Agency Ethics Official and 
        that will be provided to this committee. In the event that an 
        actual or potential conflict of interest arises during my 
        appointment, I will consult with the Social Security 
        Administration's ethics counsel and take the measures necessary 
        to resolve the conflict.

 5.  Two copies of written opinions should be provided directly to the 
committee by the designated agency ethics officer of the agency to 
which you have been nominated and by the Office of Government Ethics 
concerning potential conflicts of interest or any legal impediments to 
your serving in this position.

        Provided.

                       D. LEGAL AND OTHER MATTERS

 1.  Have you ever been the subject of a complaint or been 
investigated, disciplined, or otherwise cited for a breach of ethics 
for unprofessional conduct before any court, administrative agency 
(e.g., an Inspector General's office), professional association, 
disciplinary committee, or other ethics enforcement entity at any time? 
Have you ever been interviewed regarding your own conduct as part of 
any such inquiry or investigation? If so, provide details, regardless 
of the outcome.

        No.

 2.  Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by any 
Federal, State, or other law enforcement authority for a violation of 
any Federal, State, county, or municipal law, regulation, or ordinance, 
other than a minor traffic offense? Have you ever been interviewed 
regarding your own conduct as part of any such inquiry or 
investigation? If so, provide details.

        In 1987, I was found not guilty at trial in the District Court 
        of Maryland for Montgomery County after being arrested and 
        charged with Driving Under the Influence.

        In 2016, according to press reports, a spokeswoman for the Anne 
        Arundel County State's attorney confirmed an investigation of 
        furniture purchases after the end of my term as Governor. I am 
        not aware of any formal investigation and no charges were ever 
        filed.

 3.  Have you ever been involved as a party in interest in any 
administrative agency proceeding or civil litigation? If so, provide 
details.

        As a member of the Baltimore City Council, Mayor of Baltimore 
        City Council, and as Governor of Maryland, I was frequently and 
        repeatedly named as a party officially and personally in 
        numerous legal and administrative suits.

 4.  Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or nolo 
contendere) of any criminal violation other than a minor traffic 
offense? If so, provide details.

        No.
 5.  Please advise the committee of any additional information, 
favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be considered in 
connection with your nomination.

        None.

                     E. TESTIFYING BEFORE CONGRESS

 1.  If you are confirmed by the Senate, are you willing to appear and 
testify before any duly constituted committee of the Congress on such 
occasions as you may be reasonably requested to do so?

        Yes.

 2.  If you are confirmed by the Senate, are you willing to provide 
such information as is requested by such committees?

        Yes.

                                 ______
                                 
     Questions Submitted for the Record to Hon. Martin J. O'Malley
            Questions Submitted by Hon. Robert P. Casey, Jr.
    Question. In recent years, SSA has made important advances in 
improving the efficiency and effectiveness of communications with 
beneficiaries, which is critical to accomplishing the long-term mission 
of the agency. However, SSA still relies on out-of-date technology, 
from printers to phone systems. Investment in modern technology is 
needed to improve service delivery, decrease costs, and increase 
efficiency. Such investments would improve the day-to-day experience of 
our Federal workforce and make it easier possible for them to serve 
recipients in a more timely and efficient manner.

    As Commissioner of SSA, how will you support modernization plans 
that leverage technology to better serve beneficiaries, reduce costs, 
and improve the experience of the Federal workforce?

    Answer. I appreciate the opportunity to highlight a few points 
about how I would leverage and modernize technology at SSA, if 
confirmed. First and foremost, I believe that it is critical up front--
from the very beginning of the design process--to center two groups of 
people: the customers, and the front-line workers who will be directly 
using the system. There is no use designing a system that doesn't 
effectively serve customers the way they want to be served, or that 
produces inefficiencies and impedes front-line workers from doing their 
jobs effectively.

    Second, we need to make sure that we have the best people not only 
from within SSA, but also from across the Federal Government--such as 
from partnering with the U.S. Digital Service--and beyond. Third, I 
learned early in my career the importance of having an independent firm 
to do robust independent verification and validation (IV&V), to prevent 
and reduce overruns and delays.

    If confirmed, I look forward to applying this approach in service 
of improving SSA's technology and operations.

    Question. Despite great challenges, the Social Security 
Administration rates high in public trust, but the agency has been 
starved of resources, leaving staffing at a 25-year low. This 
understaffing has led to employee burnout and high rates of turnover. 
According to a study from the American Federation of Government 
Employees, which represents 42,000 SSA employees, 50 percent of SSA 
employees are considering leaving the agency within the next year.

    How will you improve employee recruitment and retention? How do you 
plan to rebuild employee morale at the agency in addition to technology 
upgrades?

    Answer. I think that as a new leader, it is important to listen to 
what employees have to say about what's going wrong before diving in to 
fix things. If confirmed, I plan to engage directly with SSA employees 
at all levels, as well as with stakeholders such as employee unions, to 
listen to their concerns and develop ways to address them. With 
transparency and openness, we can begin to rebuild trust--both the 
trust that employees have in their agency's leadership, and the trust 
that American people have in this great program of Social Security.

    The agency is working with a challenging set of constraints that 
will not go away overnight, but I do believe making sure that 
leadership is listening to and understands staff perspectives goes a 
long way toward improving morale and retention. I have no doubt that 
the hardworking, patriotic, and dedicated SSA employees are up to this 
moment, and I would be proud to lead them forward.

                                 ______
                                 
                 Questions Submitted by Hon. Ron Wyden
    Question. My office and other offices throughout Congress often 
hear from advocates who represent stakeholders for many of the programs 
administered by SSA. In the past, advocates had a standing quarterly 
meeting with the Commissioner, and both SSA and the advocates found 
these meetings to be very productive in communicating changes and 
getting ``on the ground'' information, including policy and practice 
reform recommendations.

    If confirmed, will you resume these quarterly meetings with the 
advocacy community?

    Answer. Yes. If confirmed, I want to meet regularly with Social 
Security's stakeholders. That certainly includes the advocacy and 
beneficiary communities. These regular stakeholder meetings will help 
me see new perspectives on Social Security and understand all of the 
different considerations that go into SSA's work.

    Question. In April 2021, I convened a hearing to examine SSA's 
performance during the COVID-19 pandemic and to discuss strategies to 
improve service delivery going forward. One lesson we learned from the 
pandemic is that Social Security requires a lot of in-person visits 
even for simple and straightforward transactions to verify a person's 
identity. SSA already deploys strategies to reduce in-person field 
office visits, such as leveraging data exchanges with Federal and State 
agencies and creating an online portal for customers to submit SSA 
forms and documents online.

    By reducing in-person requirements for services, it would reduce 
wait times for everyone and allow front-line staff to dedicate more 
resources to those who need in-person assistance or do not have 
reliable access to the Internet. If confirmed, will you prioritize 
reducing requirements for in-person visits?

    Answer. If confirmed, I will prioritize comprehensively reviewing 
SSA's operations and customer service, and seeking ways to make the 
agency more effective, both for members of the public and for SSA's 
employees. As part of that review, I look forward to examining the 
reasons that in-person visits might be required and assessing whether 
any changes are warranted.

    Question. Over the past several years, SSA has been modernizing its 
back-end technology infrastructure to support its front-line staff by 
reducing administrative barriers and shortening processing times. SSA 
is preparing to begin its next phase of technology modernization, 
focusing on customer-facing systems. This has been a top priority for 
me, as it would reduce field office foot traffic and allow front-line 
staff to dedicate more resources to those who need in-person 
assistance.

    Throughout your time in public service, you have been a leader in 
harnessing technology to improve customer service in the public sector. 
What is your general philosophy for IT modernization, and how you would 
approach prioritizing various IT projects if confirmed?

    Answer. I appreciate the opportunity to highlight a few points 
about my IT modernization philosophy as I would apply it at SSA, if 
confirmed. First and foremost, it is critical up front--from the very 
beginning of the design process--to center two groups of people: the 
customers, and the front-line workers who will be directly using the 
system. There is no use designing a system that doesn't effectively 
serve customers the way they want to be served, or that produces 
inefficiencies and impedes front-line workers from doing their jobs 
effectively.

    Second, we need to make sure that we have the best people not only 
from within SSA, but also from across the Federal Government--such as 
from partnering with the U.S. Digital Service--and beyond. Third, I 
learned early in my career the importance of having an independent firm 
to do robust independent verification and validation (IV&V), to prevent 
and reduce overruns and delays.

    If confirmed, I look forward to applying this approach in service 
of improving SSA's technology and operations. To prioritize among 
projects, I would look to assessments of which ones would have the most 
impact or get the most ``bang for the buck'' in terms of improving 
SSA's customer service.

    Question. In 2011, the Social Security Administration was ranked as 
one of the best places to work in the Federal Government by the Office 
of Personnel Management Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS). 
However, earlier this year, the Social Security Administration was 
ranked as the worst place to work among large agencies. I am concerned 
with the agency's ability to recruit and retain quality staff, which 
will have a significant impact on the agency's ability to modernize its 
systems, process claims, and otherwise serve the American people.

    What is your plan to restore employee morale?

    Answer. I think that as a new leader, it is important to listen to 
what employees have to say about what's going wrong before diving in to 
fix things. If confirmed, I plan to engage directly with SSA employees 
at all levels, as well as with stakeholders such as employee unions, to 
listen to their concerns and develop ways to address them. With 
transparency and openness, we can begin to rebuild trust--both the 
trust that employees have in their agency's leadership, and the trust 
that American people have in this great program of Social Security.

    The agency is working with a challenging set of constraints that 
will not go away overnight, but I do believe making sure that 
leadership is listening to and understands staff perspectives goes a 
long way toward improving morale. I have no doubt that the hard-
working, patriotic, and dedicated SSA employees are up to this moment, 
and I would be proud to lead them forward.

    Question. As you may know, the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) 
program provides critical support for some of our most vulnerable 
communities. However, individuals seeking to apply for SSI benefits 
face significant administrative barriers to accessing this lifeline. 
The current SSI application form stretches over 20 pages long and 
cannot be completed online. Senators Brown, Casey, and I have urged the 
agency to prioritize simplifying the SSI application and to make it 
accessible online.

    If confirmed, will you prioritize simplifying the SSI application 
and making it available online for applicants?

    Answer. It is my strong belief that if someone is eligible for 
benefits, they should be able to get them. They should not face long 
wait times for an appointment, nor should they face incomprehensible 
application forms and unnecessary red tape. If confirmed, I look 
forward to assessing the agency's plans for SSI simplification and 
online applications, and seeing where we can accelerate or strengthen 
them. This is a key priority.

                                 ______
                                 
               Questions Submitted by Hon. John Barrasso
    Question. As someone who served in political positions for many 
years, you have taken public stances on numerous policy matters, 
including issues facing the Social Security Administration. The role of 
the Social Security Commissioner has historically been an 
administrative position and one that is nonpartisan. It has not been a 
role where the Commissioner acts as an outspoken ``advocate.''

    Do you commit to setting aside your political and personal policy 
agenda in order to carry out the mission and role of the agency?

    Answer. Yes. If confirmed, my focus would be on managing the agency 
and providing the best customer service to the American people. I 
believe the Commissioner's role in any major reform effort is to 
provide the best information and most accurate numbers to Congress and 
the President as they evaluate policy choices. I would advocate for the 
agency, but not for or against policies.

    Question. As Commissioner of the SSA, would you promote some of the 
payroll tax increase proposals you advocated for in the past?

    Answer. I am no longer a candidate for elected office. My role as 
Commissioner--if confirmed--would not be to promote any particular 
policy proposal but rather to improve the operations and customer 
service at the agency.

    I support the President's budget, which reaffirms the 
administration's commitment to protecting and strengthening the Social 
Security program and pledges to work with Congress to strengthen Social 
Security by ensuring high-income individuals pay their fair share.

    Question. I have worked in a bipartisan manner for the last decade 
in sponsoring the Expedited Disability Insurance Payments for 
Terminally Ill Individuals Act. Individuals who are given less than 6 
months to live are currently forced to wait more than 5 months to 
receive their Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits. Our 
bipartisan bill will ensure people with terminal illnesses receive 
disability benefits in a timely manner while still preserving the 
integrity of the system.

    What are your views on the need to streamline and expedite SSDI 
benefits for terminally ill individuals?

    Answer. If confirmed, as Commissioner my focus will be on 
effectively administering the SSDI program under current law, and on 
providing timely customer service to the American people. I look 
forward to learning more about the ways that SSA currently expedites 
benefit approval in certain situations, including for some individuals 
with terminal illnesses, and to examining whether there are ways to 
improve this process.

    Question. Will you commit to working with my office, including 
providing technical assistance as needed, on the Expedited Disability 
Insurance Payments for Terminally Ill Individuals Act?

    Answer. Yes. I have committed that, if confirmed, I will work to 
provide the best information and most accurate numbers possible to 
Congress and the President as they evaluate policy choices. I would be 
happy to provide technical assistance on this bill and any others you 
may be considering.

    Question. You have made it clear that you were aware of some of the 
issues plaguing the Social Security Administration. You flagged long 
wait times for phone and in-person service. You also mentioned issues 
with disability determinations. For example, the average time from 
application to initial decision on disability claims has nearly doubled 
from 120 days before the pandemic, to now more than 220 days.

    What are your high-level plans for carrying out performance 
management and improving customer service?

    Answer. SSA faces a customer service crisis. The current wait 
times, backlogs, and delays are simply unacceptable, and we must do 
better. It is my strong belief that the public deserves the highest 
level of customer service from their government. We owe it to every 
American to improve the level of customer service at Social Security so 
people can get answers to their questions and get their benefit 
applications decided in a timely manner.

    I believe I was nominated for this position because I have the 
leadership skills, the management skills, and the experience needed at 
this moment to lead SSA forward. I wholeheartedly commit to making 
customer service improvements a top priority, starting with improving 
phone service and reducing disability delays. If confirmed, I plan to 
comprehensively review the agency's customer service plans, assess how 
we can improve them, and then move quickly to implement those 
improvements and measure their success.

    Question. How do you plan to track and improve the effectiveness, 
efficiency, and accountability in the SSA organization? and What ideas 
do you have for tracking and quantifying improvements to the 
effectiveness and efficiency of the agency, as well as ideas for 
instilling accountability in the SSA organization?

    Answer. As both a Mayor and as a Governor, I developed a discipline 
for harnessing data and information technology in ways that got the 
best out of large, siloed organizations of people that many--inside and 
outside of government--thought too unwieldy, too slow, or too steeped 
in excuses to change. One of the ways I've learned to do this is by 
bringing people together in a regular cadence to review the data and 
measure performance--creating both accountability and collaboration. If 
confirmed, I look forward to applying these strategies, and others, 
toward improving SSA's customer service.

    Question. In 1994, Congress passed the Social Security Independence 
and Program Improvement Act. This bill established a bipartisan Social 
Security Advisory Board. Members of the Board are appointed by Congress 
and the White House. The Board consists of outside experts who help 
make recommendations in how best to administer and strengthen Social 
Security. They make suggestions to help improve service quality and 
performance. They advise not only the administration and the 
Commissioner, but also Congress, and even help educate the public. They 
can be a valuable resource to help carry out the mission of the Social 
Security Administration.

    If you are confirmed, what are your plans to engage with the Social 
Security Advisory Board? Will you plan to consult with the Advisory 
Board on ways to improve the Social Security Administration?

    Answer. Yes, if confirmed, I will engage and consult with the 
Social Security Advisory Board to gain their expertise and their 
perspectives on how to improve SSA's customer service. I believe 
hearing a range of perspectives--and truly listening to the input--is 
invaluable for understanding and improving the operations of any 
complex program, and that will certainly be how I approach my role at 
SSA.

                                 ______
                                 
                Questions Submitted by Hon. Bill Cassidy
    Question. It is my understanding that SSA used to publish clear 
productivity data online in their annual ``Performance and 
Accountability Reports'' until 2002. These reports provided 
productivity data points like ``cost per retirement claim.'' Until 
recently, SSA only had ``Agency Financial Reports'' available online 
since 2014, which provide very little performance data and mainly focus 
on output data. After our meeting, SSA did put a few more reports back 
up on their website, and I want to thank you for that great first step.

    In recent years, when asking Congress for more money for 
operations, SSA has been relying on ``output data,'' as opposed to 
``performance data.'' In other words, SSA has been using the Golden 
Arches (McDonald's) model of data dissemination to lobby for money 
(i.e., ``Millions and Millions Served''). SSA has also been comparing 
funds received by Congress to employee headcount, and going to interest 
groups and the media to try to justify and lobby for funding increases. 
Other organizations doing similar work have successfully increased 
productivity via the use of technology and improved processes, without 
needing to focus as heavily on increased staffing.

    Would you be willing to work with Congress and the Social Security 
Advisory Board to compile a reliable set of historical SSA performance 
metrics so Congress can better understand how SSA uses its allocated 
funding? If so, when could we expect this to be completed?

    Answer. I share your interest in useful data and metrics, and I 
look forward to diving into SSA's data if confirmed. As both a Mayor 
and as a Governor, I developed a discipline for harnessing data and 
information technology in ways that got the best out of large, siloed 
organizations of people that many--inside and outside of government--
thought too unwieldy, too slow, or too steeped in excuses to change. 
One of the ways I've learned to do this is by bringing people together 
in a regular cadence to review the data and measure performance--
creating both accountability and collaboration. And these reviews 
certainly need to include data that indicate performance, tactics, and 
strategies, not just final outputs.

    If confirmed, I look forward to reviewing this data and examining 
ways to make it more useful to Congress and others. I would be glad to 
work with you and with the Social Security Advisory Board on this. I 
would hope to provide some top-line performance metrics within 90 days 
depending on the availability of historic data.

    Question. Louisiana was one of 10 States that was part of a pilot 
program that eliminated the reconsideration step of the Social Security 
disability application process. When Congress allowed SSA to end this 
pilot program in 2019, SSA promised to provide research on the effect 
of this change to Congress. However, this data was never provided. 
After this change, the disability application backlog in Louisiana has 
ballooned, creating situations where some applicants experienced waits 
that grew by over a year on top of what the previously too long wait 
times were prior to the change. There are a number of disability 
applicants in Louisiana who are dying before they get a chance to have 
their case heard before an administrative law judge--that is simply 
unacceptable.

    Since the data on this change is easily available to SSA 
researchers, this should be a pretty easy report for the agency to 
complete. Will you commit to providing a full report on the effect of 
ending the 10-State Reconsideration Pilot Project to Congress within 6 
months of your confirmation?

    Answer. I have pledged that, if I am confirmed, I will immediately 
review the entire disability program from start to finish, and work 
with agency experts and other stakeholders to explore options for 
improving the entire process. I fully expect that this review will 
include looking at the effects that reinstating the reconsideration 
step has had on both applicants and the agency, and I will report to 
Congress on this matter within 6 months of my confirmation.

                                 ______
                                 
                 Questions Submitted by Hon. Mike Crapo
    Question. During your nomination hearing, you stated that it is 
Congress's prerogative to make policy decisions about improving Social 
Security's solvency and that you ``would not step on that 
prerogative.'' However, in response to questioning, you also seemed to 
express your opposition to a policy dial that has been debated in 
Social Security solvency proposals. If confirmed, do you commit that 
you will not weigh in on policy decisions beyond providing Congress 
with information about the program's finances and the estimated 
financial effects of various policy options?

    Answer. I do. My intent was not to weigh in on a specific policy 
dial, but rather to provide our Nation's duly elected policymakers--
such as you and your colleagues on the Senate Finance Committee--with 
the best information you need to make policy decisions on Social 
Security.

    Question. In your testimony and responses to questions, you 
discussed many of the operational and customer service challenges 
facing the Social Security Administration. If confirmed, how 
specifically will you determine which key indicators to track to 
determine if the tactics and strategies in place are working to improve 
operations and customer service? Please detail the considerations that 
will factor into these decisions.

    Answer. As both a Mayor and as a Governor, I developed a discipline 
for harnessing data and information technology in ways that got the 
best out of large, siloed organizations of people that many--inside and 
outside of government--thought too unwieldy, too slow, or too steeped 
in excuses to change. One of the ways I've learned to do this is by 
bringing people together in a regular cadence to review the data and 
measure performance--creating both accountability and collaboration.

    Regarding specific key indicators, I look forward to diving into 
SSA's data, if confirmed. I can tell you that from where I sit right 
now, it appears to me that SSA's lagging performance indicators--such 
as call wait times and delays for applicants--are clear; what's not 
clear is the tactics and strategies needed to combat them. By mapping 
the current process and listening critically to the suggestions for 
improvement from front-line managers and workers, we will prioritize 
the leading actions which bring about the greatest value to improve the 
customer journey and the efficiency of workflows. Useful indicators 
need to not just be easily measured and monitored, but must also be 
meaningful gauges of what's happening. If confirmed, I aim to harness 
the agency's data to actually measure the strategies, not just the 
outcomes--and then to build on that information to improve customer 
service.

    Question. Given the amount of information and range of services 
available behind the My Social Security online portal, it is crucial 
that the Social Security Administration's digital identity verification 
process complies with Federal requirements. The SSA Office of the 
Inspector General recently found that the SSA's digital identity 
verification controls for the My Social Security portal do not fully 
meet Federal standards. If confirmed, how would you ensure that the 
SSA's digital identity verification processes meet all necessary 
standards going forward?

    Answer. SSA's online services are an important part of the agency's 
service to the public, and I am committed to continuing to improve 
them. While I am not an expert on digital identity, if confirmed, I 
look forward to working with the relevant experts at SSA and across the 
Federal Government to review the current processes and standards, as 
well as the OIG report, and to seek improvements where warranted. I aim 
to hold the agency to high standards across the board, and I believe we 
can deliver on that.

                                 ______
                                 
                Questions Submitted by Hon. Steve Daines
    Question. Thousands of Montanans rely on Social Security payments, 
but unfortunately, we hear all too often the struggles they have 
getting assistance from the Social Security Administration (SSA), 
including long wait times to speak to a representative and navigating 
the website.

    If you are confirmed, what steps will you take to address the 
customer service challenges facing SSA?

    Answer. I share your concerns with SSA's customer service crisis. 
The current wait times, backlogs, and delays are simply unacceptable, 
and we must do better. It is my strong belief that the public deserves 
the highest level of customer service from their government. We owe it 
to every American to improve the level of customer service at Social 
Security so people can get answers to their questions and get their 
benefit applications decided in a timely manner.

    I believe I was nominated for this position because I have the 
leadership skills, the management skills, and the experience needed at 
this moment to lead SSA forward. I wholeheartedly commit to making 
customer service improvements a top priority. If confirmed, I plan to 
comprehensively review the agency's customer service plans, assess how 
we can improve them, and then move quickly to implement those 
improvements and measure their success.

    As both a Mayor and as a Governor, I developed a discipline for 
harnessing data and information technology in ways that got the best 
out of large, siloed organizations of people that many--inside and 
outside of government--thought too unwieldy, too slow, or too steeped 
in excuses to change. One of the ways I've learned to do this is by 
bringing people together in a regular cadence to review the data and 
measure performance--creating both accountability and collaboration. If 
confirmed, I look forward to applying these strategies, and others, 
toward improving SSA's customer service.

    Question. SSA relies on their information technology (IT) 
infrastructure to provide individuals their benefits and as you said in 
your hearing, ``keep the trains running on time.''

    How will you determine what IT changes need to be implemented at 
SSA and ensure that any technology modernizations will be effective and 
not interfere with individuals receiving their benefits?

    Answer. First and foremost, I believe that it is critical up 
front--from the very beginning of the technology modernization or 
design process--to center two groups of people: the customers, and the 
front-line workers who will be directly using the system. There is no 
use designing a system that doesn't effectively serve customers the way 
they want to be served, or that produces inefficiencies and impedes 
front-line workers from doing their jobs effectively. Not only should 
any changes ``not interfere'' with individuals receiving their 
benefits, as you said, but the changes should actually improve 
individuals' ability to receive prompt, accurate, and responsive 
service from SSA.

    Question. If you are confirmed for this position, you will be at 
the front lines of all aspects of Social Security, including solvency. 
In your testimony, you mentioned that your job includes providing 
Congress data, evidence, and information for legislative solutions to 
be developed.

    What concrete steps will you take to ensure members of Congress 
receive both accurate and comprehensive metrics in a timely fashion?

    Answer. As you noted, I have pledged that--if confirmed--I will 
ensure that you and your colleagues in Congress receive the best 
information possible to facilitate your policy decisions and 
deliberations on Social Security. While I do not know at this time what 
specific steps will be needed, I look forward to working with you and 
your colleagues on this. I hope that by providing timely and accurate 
information, we can protect a spirit of trust, civility, and honesty in 
these discussions.

    In addition, I have long been a strong believer in timely, accurate 
data shared by all. I've found in my past experience that a focus on 
data for all, combined with regular accountability and collaboration, 
helps to create a winnable game for employees and improve performance 
across the board, even--especially--in large agencies.

    Question. The telework policy at SSA has been at the forefront of 
many conversations surrounding staffing at the administration and how 
it functions on the whole.

    Please provide specific data you will use when evaluating SSA's 
telework policy and in determining how and when employees should return 
to work.

    Answer. I believe strongly that if someone wants a face-to-face 
meeting with a Social Security employee to claim their benefits or for 
any other reason, they should be able to get one. In my view, that must 
be the key test of the agency's telework policies. In addition to that 
key metric, SSA's telework policies must also support its recruitment 
and retention needs, because adequate staffing is key to the ability to 
improve customer service.

                                 ______
                                 
               Questions Submitted by Hon. James Lankford
    Question. I have previously raised the distinction between 
administrative law judges (ALJs) and administrative appeals judges 
(AAJs) in the appeals process and the increasing backlog at the Social 
Security Administration (SSA). Stakeholders have raised structural and 
due process concerns, particularly that AAJs are not bound to follow 
APA procedures and do not have the same job protections designed to 
encourage independent decision-making.

    What is your viewpoint on the use of administrative law judges 
(ALJs) versus administrative appeal judges (AAJs)?

    Answer. I am not yet familiar with the particulars of these two 
roles, but if confirmed, I look forward to learning more about them 
from experts at SSA and beyond. I can tell you that it is my strong 
belief that the public deserves the highest level of customer service 
from their government, including the appropriate due process rights and 
an appropriate structure for deciding disability claims. If confirmed, 
I will review the disability adjudication process from start to finish, 
and will work with agency experts and other stakeholders to explore 
options for improving the entire process, including the appropriate 
roles of ALJs and AAJs.

    Question. From your perspective, what oversight or process reform 
is needed to root out ALJs who have a high over-turn rate on appeals or 
denials? Additionally, how will you appropriately work with the Office 
of Inspector General on such matters?

    Answer. As noted above, I have committed to review the disability 
adjudication process from start to finish, and to work with agency 
experts and other stakeholders to explore options for improving the 
entire process. I plan to use data and metrics in this review in order 
to identify anomalies and hold individuals accountable for their 
performance.

    If confirmed, I also look forward to learning more about SSA's 
existing partnership with the Office of Inspector General, and 
examining how it can be strengthened. My intent is to partner closely 
with the OIG in service of improving SSA's effectiveness and 
stewardship of the trust funds.

                                 ______
                                 
                 Questions Submitted by Hon. Tim Scott
    Question. I would like to discuss the Social Security 
Administration's (SAA) work to prevent synthetic identity fraud. 
Criminals create a synthetic identity by combining Social Security 
numbers (SSNs), names, and birth dates of multiple people or by 
combining real information about a single person with fabricated 
information. A criminal uses this identity to apply for credit and 
eventually will be successful, building a credit profile over time, and 
finally, obtaining a large amount of credit, with no intent to repay 
ruining credit scores and lives. A frequent target of this fraud is 
children, as most parents are not checking their child's credit reports 
and the child's SSN is rarely used. This fraud is reported to be the 
fastest growing type of financial crime. Synthetic identity fraud is 
more prevalent in the U.S. than in other countries due in part to a 
strong reliance on SSNs as identifiers.

    Therefore, SSA holds the key to stopping this fraud. SSA's 
Electronic Consent Based SSN Verification (``eCBSV'') system is aimed 
to do just that. It provides financial institutions, and their service 
providers, the ability to get a real-time response as to whether the 
name, SSN, and date of birth submitted to the financial institution 
match SSA's records. If there is no match, that is an indication that 
it may be a case of synthetic identity fraud. However, sometimes the 
``no match'' is due to a simple typo or the use of a nickname instead 
of a legal name.

    Under your leadership, is SSA committed to continuing eCBSV and 
working with the financial services industry (and other industries) to 
improve the system to be more effective and efficient?

    Answer. Yes. I am a strong believer in working collaboratively with 
stakeholders. If confirmed, I look forward to learning more about eCBSV 
and working collaboratively with stakeholders across industry and 
Congress to make sure the system is working effectively and 
efficiently.

    Question. There are estimates that 1 million children every year 
are victims of identity fraud, and another estimate that 10 percent of 
all people under the age of 18 have been victims of identity fraud. 
Congress's directive to SSA to create a real-time synthetic identity 
fraud prevention platform (eCBSV) and using this platform protects 
consumers and saves millions of dollars. One bank estimates that use of 
the eCBSV saved over $110 million in credit card and deposit account 
fraud in 2022 alone. With this congressional mandate and as the issuer 
of SSNs, do you agree that part of SSA's mission is preventing 
synthetic identity fraud through the operation of eCBSV?

    Answer. SSA's mission is providing Social Security and Supplemental 
Security Income benefits to millions of Americans, as well as 
faithfully executing other responsibilities in the law. If confirmed, I 
am committed to carrying out that mission, including operating the 
eCBSV program.

    Question. SSA's eCBSV system is working as Congress intended, with 
one bank reporting that it saved $70 million in fraud prevention in the 
first year of using the system. Congress dictated that SSA's costs to 
build and operate the eCBSV system be fully recovered from the users of 
the system. That law did not mandate the period of time to recover 
funds, although it is acknowledged that Appropriations law does require 
the agency to recover funds within 6 years of expenditure.

    Unfortunately, SSA has decided to accelerate the time frame to 
recover the costs. To do that, SSA has substantially increased the fees 
for using the system, with some users being asked to pay more than 22 
times what they originally paid, for the exact same system. There are 
serious concerns that unless SSA makes substantial adjustments to the 
cost recovery plan, current and future users will be deterred from 
using this system.

    Will you commit to working with the current and future users of the 
system as well as Congress on extending the time frame for cost 
recovery to ensure eCBSV is effective as possible?

    Answer. If confirmed, I plan to review the current eCBSV operations 
and policies, and assess whether changes are needed. I look forward to 
working with current and future users of the system as well as with 
Congress as I do so. I am a strong believer in working collaboratively 
with stakeholders, and I expect that the feedback will be useful in 
assessing eCBSV to make sure it is working as effectively as possible.

                                 ______
                                 
                 Questions Submitted by Hon. John Thune
    Question. SSA customer service backlog: I have heard from hundreds 
of constituents about their frustrations with long wait times and 
unanswered calls to SSA's customer service phone line. Even SSA's own 
work plan states that the speed of answering calls is estimated to 
increase this year to 35 minutes and the busy rate will increase to 15 
percent. SSA has stated that ``providing quality service to the public 
is critical to our mission'' yet customers continue to experience long 
wait times and delays in getting the help they need with their 
benefits.

    If you are confirmed, how will you work to address these long wait 
times and delays the public is experiencing? Can you commit to reducing 
call wait times and reducing the busy rate?

    Answer. I share your concerns. As I said in my testimony, SSA faces 
a customer service crisis. The current wait times, backlogs, and delays 
are simply unacceptable, and we must do better. It is my strong belief 
that the public deserves the highest level of customer service from 
their government. We owe it to every American to improve the level of 
customer service at Social Security so people can get answers to their 
questions and get their benefit applications decided in a timely 
manner.

    I believe I was nominated for this position because I have the 
leadership skills, the management skills, and the experience needed at 
this moment to lead SSA forward. I wholeheartedly commit to making 
customer service improvements my top priority, starting with improving 
phone service and reducing disability delays. If confirmed, I plan to 
comprehensively review the agency's customer service plans, assess how 
we can improve them, and then move quickly to implement those 
improvements and measure their success.

    Question. SSA in-person offices: While I understand a number of 
Social Security services can be accessed online, there are still 
services that are not available online, where a person must visit an 
office in-person. Earlier this year, a constituent reached out to my 
office because their closest Social Security office in Pierre, SD was 
not offering in-person services, even though they had a person on 
staff. This office has not offered in-person services since March 2020. 
When I inquired with Social Security, they informed me that even with 
the end of the public health emergency, they still did not offer in-
person services at this location. As you know, South Dakota is a very 
rural State so when this office is closed, individuals have to drive 
hours to the next nearest location.

    If you are confirmed, what will you do to ensure there is adequate 
staffing at Social Security offices? Can you commit to offering in-
person services at offices, like the one in Pierre?

    Answer. I believe strongly that if someone wants a face-to-face 
meeting with a Social Security employee to claim their benefits or for 
any other reason, they should be able to get one. If confirmed, I look 
forward to learning more about the specific situation in Pierre and 
working with you to find a path forward to serve your constituents.

    Question. SSA overpayments: Social Security's most recent reports 
estimate that SSA made $13.6 billion in improper payments in FY 2022. 
According to OIG, improper payments are occurring for a number of 
reasons, but often it is due to a reliance on manual processes and 
insufficient or incorrect data. Improper payments have a detrimental 
impact on the fiscal stability of the program and on beneficiaries who 
may owe back payments or have been underpaid. The OIG has made hundreds 
of recommendations to address improper payments but of 299 
recommendations made in the past 5 years, there are 76 outstanding 
recommendations.

    If confirmed, how will you address the issue of improper payments?

    Answer. If confirmed, I look forward to learning more about how SSA 
prevents and addresses improper payments, and about the status of the 
outstanding OIG recommendations. I am committed to improving SSA's 
operations by focusing on frequent, in-depth, operational reviews of 
what's working and what's not, and by listening to the front-line 
employees who are doing the work.

    As both a Mayor and as a Governor, I developed a discipline for 
harnessing data and information technology in ways that got the best 
out of large, siloed organizations of people that many--inside and 
outside of government--thought too unwieldy, too slow, or too steeped 
in excuses to change. If confirmed, I look forward to implementing 
similar changes at SSA in ways that I hope and expect would help reduce 
improper payments.

    Question. UI and SSDI duplicate payments: In past presidential 
budget requests, administrations of both parties have requested that 
Congress address the issue of overlapping payments of unemployment 
insurance and SSDI.

    Is this a problem that you are aware of and, if so, do you have a 
sense as to how common these instances of duplicative payments are?

    Answer. I am aware of this issue. According to the Congressional 
Research Service,\1\ SSA ``estimates that for each month in 2015, an 
average of about 0.34 percent of disabled-worker beneficiaries'' 
received both SSDI and UI (approximately 30,000 people). If confirmed, 
I stand ready to work with you and your colleagues on this issue and 
provide any data and information requested.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R43471/7.

                                 ______
                                 
                 Questions Submitted by Hon. Todd Young
    Question. One of the issues my team continues to hear from 
constituents on is the time it takes for the SSA to approve individuals 
to receive SSDI benefits. It often takes months for individuals to hear 
back from the agency initially, and many times it is only for them to 
be denied. Then, once someone is finally approved to receive SSDI, it 
also takes the payment centers additional time (often months) to 
determine the level of monthly benefit the individual should receive.

    As an example, one of my constituents from Greensburg, IN was 
favorably awarded SSDI in January and they are still awaiting benefits 
nearly 10 months later.

    If confirmed, how would you aim to address this issue and help 
ensure SSDI recipients are approved and receive their benefits in a 
timely fashion?

    Answer. I share your concerns. As I said in my testimony, SSA faces 
a customer service crisis. The current wait times, backlogs, and delays 
are simply unacceptable, and we must do better. It is my strong belief 
that the public deserves the highest level of customer service from 
their government. We owe it to every American to improve the level of 
customer service at Social Security so people can get answers to their 
questions and get their benefit applications decided in a timely 
manner.

    I believe I was nominated for this position because I have the 
leadership skills, the management skills, and the experience needed at 
this moment to lead SSA forward. I wholeheartedly commit to making 
customer service improvements my top priority, starting with reducing 
disability delays and improving phone service. If confirmed, I plan to 
review the disability adjudication process from start to finish, and 
will work with agency experts and other stakeholders to explore options 
for improving the entire process.

    Question. Will you commit to working with my office to resolve 
cases, such as the one I've noted above, in a timely fashion?

    Answer. Yes. If confirmed, I look forward to working with your 
office to ensure cases such as this one are resolved in a timely 
fashion.

    Question. During your nominations hearing you noted that ``the main 
test for if we have staffing right in the field offices is whether 
people who want face-to-face meetings can get them.''

    The day after your nominations hearing, my office was contacted by 
a constituent from Elkhart, IN who visited the SSA field office looking 
for help enrolling and managing her Medicare Part A benefits. She was 
advised to make an online appointment, but requested the opportunity to 
work with a representative in person. The clerk told her that she was 
unable to schedule an in-person appointment. Furthermore, the clerk was 
unable to set up an appointment via the phone before the end of the 
year and the 2024 schedule apparently isn't available at this time. 
This is of particular concern given the limited time an individual has 
to enroll. Whether it be as a result of workforce shortages, 
insufficient telework policies, or a combination of both, constituents 
in my State who want face-to-face meetings currently cannot get them.

    If confirmed, how will you ensure that people who want face-to-face 
meetings are able to schedule those appointments in a timely manner?

    Answer. It is my strong belief that the public deserves the highest 
level of customer service from their government--and that is clearly 
not what your constituent received. We owe it to every American to 
improve the level of customer service at Social Security so people can 
conduct their business and get in-person appointments in a timely 
manner. If confirmed, I will examine in detail what the problems are, 
how we got to this point, and will develop a comprehensive plan to 
improve customer service, including the ability to schedule face-to-
face appointments in a timely manner.

    Question. A 2022 Office of the Inspector General report noted that 
in fiscal year 2021, the agency reported $21.6 billion in unrecovered 
overpayments.\2\ This includes individuals who were incorrectly granted 
excess survivor benefits as minors. These overpayments are then not 
realized until the individuals are able to withdrawal from their Social 
Security benefits, often decades later.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\ https://oig.ssa.gov/assets/uploads/a-02-21-51120.pdf.

    As an example, one of my constituents from Fishers, IN received 
survivor benefits upon his mother's death in 1980. The agency continued 
to send benefits to this individual's father on his behalf for 5 months 
after he turned 18. Forty-three years later, he now owes the agency 
over $2,000 as a result of those overpayments. This individual's only 
income is SSDI, and he is now struggling to pay the agency back. My 
office often hears stories like this, where retired individuals 
struggling to make ends meet are hit with exorbitant back payments 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
decades after the initial benefits were incorrectly received.

    If confirmed, how will you ensure that the agency is correctly 
distributing benefits and avoiding a large backlog of overpayments?

    Answer. I have seen similar reports about beneficiaries 
experiencing overpayments and the hardships they experience as a 
result, and I share your concerns. If confirmed, I plan to look into 
this and see what we can do to better protect beneficiaries, in 
addition to protecting the Social Security trust funds. As you noted, 
by improving the agency's accuracy and service, some overpayments may 
be preventable--which would be a win both for beneficiaries and for the 
agency. I look forward to working with the Office of the Inspector 
General and others on these important improvements.

    Question. On October 30th, the Biden administration released an 
executive order (EO) titled the ``Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy 
Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence.'' Most notably, the EO 
directs the Office of Management and Budget to provide recommendations 
to agencies to streamline artificial intelligence (AI) acquisitions, 
provide guidance on appropriate internal uses of AI, and ``plan a 
national surge in AI talent in government.'' As a major purchaser of AI 
technology, the Federal Government has the opportunity to shape 
industry-wide adoption of safe AI systems.

    What are your views on AI?

    Answer. I am not an expert on the rapidly evolving AI field, but I 
look forward to learning more from experts at SSA and beyond. On this 
and other technology issues, it is critical that we make sure that we 
have the best people not only from within SSA, but also from across the 
Federal Government--such as from partnering with the U.S. Digital 
Service--and beyond.

    Question. If confirmed, how will you approach decisions related to 
the implementation of AI technology?

    Answer. As I said, I am not an expert in AI, but I look forward to 
learning from those who are. As an operational leader, I recognize that 
I don't need to have all of the answers; if I can ask the right 
questions of the right people, we can move forward together. I have 
said before that my top priority and my North Star at SSA, if I am 
confirmed, will be improving customer service; that goal will guide my 
decisions.

    Question. In your testimony, you noted that one of your primary 
focuses will be improving customer service at the SSA and that the 
agency ``needs to be open to the private sector and the things they're 
already doing that we can learn from.'' You also highlighted that you 
``will need to do a rapid assessment of systems, the alignment of those 
systems'' and in doing so, the customer will be in the forefront of 
your mind.

    Today the SSA utilizes multiple credential service providers to 
verify users' identities when opening a My Social Security account. 
These providers are responsible for providing both the user with a 
pathway to securely prove their identity and the SSA with the assurance 
that the owner of the account is legitimate. Therefore, understanding 
the security and efficacy of their support of SSA's services at log-in 
is essential.

    If confirmed, will you provide an assessment of the performance of 
these providers at the SSA and provide specific data on consumer 
experience and fraud mitigation, with relevant recommendations to the 
committee?

    Answer. Yes, I will provide the committee with data and information 
on these topics following my reviews. I am not an expert on the rapidly 
evolving digital identity field, but I look forward to learning more 
from SSA and other relevant experts, and then assessing whether SSA's 
digital identity providers are meeting the needs of the agency and the 
public.

    Question. Will you commit to making data-driven decisions about 
SSA's customer-facing systems, provide choice to users, and ensure that 
those options are as user-friendly and secure as possible?

    Answer. Yes, I will gladly commit to this. I have decades of 
experience in harnessing data to make data-driven decisions at large 
agencies, and I look forward to doing the same at SSA, if I am 
confirmed. Regarding technology, it is my strong belief that technology 
systems must be designed with two groups of people front and center 
from the very start: the customers, and the front-line employees who 
will be using the system.

                                 ______
                                 
                 Prepared Statement of Hon. Ron Wyden, 
                       a U.S. Senator From Oregon
    This morning we are meeting to consider the nomination of Governor 
Martin O'Malley to be Commissioner of Social Security Administration.

    Before we get to Governor O'Malley, I want to welcome our most 
esteemed former colleague, a giant of the Senate and Maryland's 
matriarch, Barbara Mikulski. I have known Senator Mikulski for over 20 
years, and for our colleagues who did not have the pleasure of serving 
with her in the Senate: if Barbara is on your side, you're running with 
the right crowd.

    Now to Governor O'Malley. I want to thank you for your willingness 
to serve in this distinguished role, and a lifetime of public service.

    Over his career in public service, Governor O'Malley built a world-
class reputation for harnessing technology to deliver transformative 
change to government services on behalf of Marylanders. As Mayor of 
Baltimore, he established the Nation's first 311 call center, serving 
as Baltimorean's one-stop shop for all city services. As Governor, he 
``threw open the doors of government'' and created an open web portal 
allowing all Marylanders to monitor the State's performance in serving 
the public in real time.

    With a track record like that, I am not surprised the President 
nominated him to serve, because that is what's sorely needed at the 
Social Security Administration.

    SSA is responsible for administering benefits to over 70 million 
seniors, people with disabilities, surviving spouses, and other 
Americans who earned their benefits with every paycheck. Colleagues, it 
is no secret that SSA has had its share of difficulties, and it has 
received significant media attention when the agency has fallen short 
of its mission--from long lines stretched around field offices, 
telephone systems crashing, outdated technology and systems, and most 
concerning, low staff morale. These criticisms are fair, and I, along 
with many members on both sides of the dais, have gone after waste, 
fraud, and abuse to ensure that taxpayer dollars are used wisely and to 
improve customer service.

    That said, with the power of the purse and the pen, we in Congress 
need to take responsibility here as well. SSA's performance--both its 
successes and failures--is inextricably linked to the tools and 
resources we provide to the agency. It is not surprising that customer 
service performance and staff morale improved as funding levels rose. 
It is also not surprising that backlogs and wait times grew as funding 
levels fell.

    SSA's budget has been through the ringer over the last decade. 
Since 2010, SSA's budget has fallen by 17 percent while the number of 
beneficiaries has risen by 20 percent. In short, the agency has had to 
do more with less.

    Now, I've thrown some numbers at you, but what does this mean 
outside of Washington? It means seniors who have worked their whole 
lives and earned these benefits are having to wait in lines around the 
block to get assistance. It means parents or grandparents with disabled 
children are waiting months, if not years, to get a decision on 
disability benefits. It means SSA's dedicated employees become 
overworked, burned out, and leave to work elsewhere.

    Every member on this dais has talked about how important Social 
Security is to their constituents, and that we should never cut 
benefits. I agree. Every single American who worked their entire lives 
and paid into Social Security deserves nothing less than platinum-level 
service--full stop.

    Well, a cut to SSA funding is a cut to benefits. If folks are not 
able to get a hold of someone at SSA to get assistance, that is in 
essence a 100-percent cut to their benefits. I hope we can work 
together to make sure that SSA has sufficient funding to bring the 
agency into the 21st century.

    In addition to the agency's funding woes, SSA is also beholden to 
the laws Congress passes. Let me give you an example. I have a 
constituent in Albany, OR who receives SSI benefits because of a severe 
disability and lives in her parents' home. Although she is unable to 
work because of her disability, she still paid half of her SSI benefit 
to her parents each month as rent.

    However, SSA notified her recently that she owes the government 
over $9,000 in overpaid benefits spanning several years because SSA 
determined she received a rental subsidy from her parents, which is 
considered income under the Social Security Act.

    My office worked with her as she tried to appeal the overpayment, 
but SSA denied our appeal, stating the law is clear in this case. This 
constituent is being punished because her parents lent a helping hand 
to their child.

    To their credit, SSA has made notable strides to streamline and 
simplify SSI's rules, including those related to housing support, which 
would help address my constituent's situation. But SSA is still held 
back by outdated laws.

    I, along with many members on this committee, am working to improve 
these bedrock programs. Senators Brown and Cassidy have championed 
bipartisan legislation to modernize the SSI program to not only make it 
easier for beneficiaries to work, save, or marry, but it would simplify 
the program and reduce overpayments. I am proud to support their 
legislation, and I look forward to working with Senator Crapo and other 
colleagues on finding a path forward.

    I'll close with this: SSA faces an inflection point. It can either 
continue relying on the policies of yesterday or come into the light 
and renew itself as the agency it once was. I believe Governor O'Malley 
is the one who can bring this agency back to its former glory and set 
it on a path to success.

                                 ______
                                 

                             Communications

                              ----------                              


                     Alliance for Retired Americans

                     815 16th Street, NW, 4th Floor

                          Washington, DC 20006

                             (202) 637-5399

                        www.retiredamericans.org

The Alliance for Retired Americans appreciates the opportunity to 
submit a statement supporting the nomination of the Honorable Martin 
O'Malley to be the Commissioner of Social Security. We thank Committee 
Chairman Wyden and Ranking Member Crapo for holding this hearing.

Founded in 2001, the Alliance is a grassroots advocacy organization 
with more than 4.4 million members nationwide. The Alliance and its 39 
state chapters work to advance public policy that strengthens the 
health and retirement security of older Americans.

For decades, Social Security has delivered guaranteed benefits on time 
and without interruption to millions of Americans. Americans work hard 
to earn their Social Security benefits, and contribute to the system 
with every paycheck. These benefits are essential to all who rely on 
them, including seniors, people with disabilities and families of 
deceased workers.

Today nearly 66 million Americans--one out of every five households--
relies on Social Security's lifetime, guaranteed benefits. And to 
continue to provide retirement security for current and future 
generations, it is necessary to strengthen and expand Social Security 
to augment the program's solvency and increase benefits. Over the 
years, polls have consistently shown that Americans strongly support 
Social Security across party and demographic lines.

The Alliance believes that former Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley as 
Commissioner of the Social Security Administration (SSA) would be 
tremendously beneficial to the agency, and his leadership could assist 
SSA employees in their important jobs, ensure the agency is fully 
staffed to meet the public's needs and that SSA has the best tools and 
technology available to serve the American people. As Maryland's 
governor, Martin O'Malley distinguished himself by adopting an 
innovative, transparent management style, setting specific goals for 
problems like crime and cleaning up the Chesapeake Bay, making those 
goals and progress toward them transparent so citizens could see 
whether things were improving.

Certainly, no federal agency reaches as many Americans as the Social 
Security Administration. The agency is not only responsible for Social 
Security payments for retirees, survivors, and people with 
disabilities, but it helps American families with Medicare and SSI. 
With 10,000 Americans turning 65 every day, SSA has an ever increasing 
workload. Unfortunately, Congress has failed to adequately fund the 
program and Americans are waiting longer to have questions answered or 
their requests for disability benefits heard. As commissioner, we are 
confident that former Governor O'Malley will work effectively with 
Congress to secure the resources that the SSA needs, and use them as 
efficiently as possible.

Beyond a doubt, the Social Security Administration is in need of a 
confirmed commissioner to ensure that Americans are receiving the best 
service possible for their earned Social Security benefits, and we 
believe that former Governor O'Malley, a proven leader with ample 
experience running a large organization, is an ideal person to run the 
agency. For these reasons, the Alliance urges the members of this 
committee to advance his nomination as quickly as possible.

On behalf of our more than 4.4 million members, the Alliance for 
Retired Americans deeply appreciates the opportunity to submit 
testimony on this vitally important nomination hearing.

                                 ______
                                 
                 American Federation of State, County, 
                    and Municipal Employees, AFL-CIO

                           1625 L Street, NW

                       Washington, DC 20036-5687

                           TEL (202) 429-1000

                           FAX (202) 429-1293

                           TDD (202) 659-0446

                           WEB www.afscme.org

                                                   November 1, 2023

The Honorable Ron Wyden             The Honorable Michael Crapo
Chairman                            Ranking Member
United States Senate                United States Senate
Committee on Finance                Committee on Finance
Washington, DC 20510                Washington, DC 20510

Dear Chairman Wyden and Ranking Member Crapo:

    On behalf of the 1.4 million members of the American Federation of 
State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), I write in support of 
the nomination of the Honorable Martin O'Malley to be Commissioner of 
the Social Security Administration and to urge the committee to swiftly 
approve his confirmation.

    For nearly 9 decades, Social Security has provided workers with the 
benefits they earned that allow them to retire with dignity, spousal 
and dependent children benefits, and disability insurance in case of a 
disabling long-term illness or injury before they retire. About 64 
million people collected Social Security benefits in September 2023. 
Social Security is a trusted social insurance program and one of the 
most successful anti-poverty programs in our nation's history.

    AFSCME supports the confirmation of former Maryland Governor Martin 
O'Malley to lead the Social Security Administration because he brings 
executive experience, deep policy expertise and an unwavering belief in 
retirement with dignity. We know that he will be a stable hand to 
protect, defend and expand this vital program that brings peace of mind 
every month to millions of Americans and their families. He will fight 
to ensure that seniors, people with disabilities and others get the 
benefits they have earned.

    We urge the Senate Finance Committee to approve the confirmation of 
Martin O'Malley as soon as possible.

            Sincerely,

            Edwin S. Jayne
            Director of Federal Government Affairs

                                 ______
                                 
                        City of New Bedford, MA

                               City Hall

                           133 William Street

                         New Bedford, MA 02740

                          Tel: (508) 979-1410

                          Fax: (508) 991-6189

                      Jonathan F. Mitchell, Mayor

November 27, 2023

The Honorable Ron Wyden
Chairman
U.S. Senate
Committee on Finance
219 Dirksen Senate Office Bldg.
Washington, DC 20510-6200

    Re: Confirmation Hearing of Martin O'Malley, November 28, 2023

Dear Chairman Wyden:

I am pleased to submit this letter in support of President Biden's 
nomination of Martin O'Malley to become the next Commissioner of the 
Social Security Administration. For the past twelve years, I have had 
the honor of serving as the Mayor of New Bedford, Massachusetts, after 
a career as a federal prosecutor in Boston and Washington, D.C. I came 
to know Governor O'Malley personally when he was assigned to be my 
mentor as part of the Bloomberg-Harvard City Leadership Initiative, a 
leadership training program for mayors.

My intention in submitting this letter is not to itemize Governor 
O'Malley's accomplishments in elected office. There are no doubt a 
legion of former colleagues, constituents, and others who can offer 
first-hand accounts of how his leadership in Baltimore and Annapolis 
produced tangible, lasting benefits for the residents he served. On 
this score, it is important, however, to note that among America's 
mayors, Martin O'Malley is widely recognized as having led the 
revolution in municipal performance management. Beginning in the 1990s, 
cities of various sizes began to use data more formally to inform 
decision making, but under Mayor O'Malley's leadership, Baltimore made 
it a central feature of municipal governance. CitiStat, as it became 
known, represented O'Malley's affirmative answer to the question of 
whether a major city could deliver better services across the 
enterprise of municipal government by adopting the performance 
management practices employed by many of America's most successful 
businesses. The CitiStat approach to governing has since caught on 
across the country. Today, the cities considered to be the best managed 
in America invariably have in place some version of O'Malley's methods. 
For this reason, it is fair to say that Martin O'Malley is one of the 
most consequential American mayors of the last half century.

I also can personally attest that after his long run of success in 
elected office, Governor O'Malley remains as committed as ever to 
public service. During our work together, his passion for the effective 
administration of government was palpable. Our sessions were devoted to 
the development of practices that would enable New Bedford to identify 
in our data how progress in a discrete set of activities could leverage 
systemic improvement. Governor O'Malley understands that real 
improvement in the performance of government is indeed possible, but 
only through an unyielding commitment to constant improvement and the 
persistence necessary to achieve it. He made clear to me that he meant 
what he said when earlier this year he took a 62-mile Uber ride from 
Cambridge to New Bedford just so he could convey his feedback to me in 
person.

At a time when trust in government is precarious, Governor O'Malley is 
exactly the type of leader to be entrusted with the retirement benefits 
of nearly every American. He has dedicated his life, in the Jesuit 
tradition of his schooling, to performing good works by making 
government work better for people. He has management skills that are 
more likely to be found among successful private sector executives, and 
the lived experience necessary to understand how operational excellence 
can enhance the quality of life of those the organization is meant to 
serve. President Biden has nominated someone with the tools and the 
heart to ensure that, when his work is done, the Social Security 
Administration will be a sturdier institution than when he started.

Thank you for your consideration.

Sincerely,

Jon Mitchell
Mayor

                                 ______
                                 
                            Feds For Freedom

                            P.O. Box 401014

                          Las Vegas, NV 89140

                    https://www.fedsforfreedom.org/

December 3, 2023

U.S. Senate
Committee on Finance
219 Dirksen Senate Office Bldg.
Washington, DC 20510-6200

Re: Open Executive Session to consider favorably reporting the 
nomination of The Honorable Martin O'Malley, of Maryland, to be 
Commissioner of Social Security on November 28, 2023

Dear Honorable Ranking Member Mike Crapo and Republican Members of the 
Senate Committee on Finance Senators Cornyn, Thune, Scott, Lankford, 
Daines, Young, Johnson, Barrasso and Blackburn:

Today I write to you not only as a board member of Feds For Freedom, 
the premier non-profit organization representing the rights of federal 
employees and all Americans, but also as an 18-year employee of the 
Social Security Administration (SSA),* and as a concerned citizen.
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    * The opinions expressed in this letter do not represent the views 
of the Social Security Administration.


I began working at the SSA in 2005 at the inception of the Medicare 
Modernization Act in one of the agency's 1,200+ local field offices. At 
that time the SSA was moving its systems to electronic processing and 
was ahead of the curve in government IT systems. Since that time, I 
have been very fortunate to have had a wide range of experiences and 
opportunities at the SSA, working with a variety of people throughout 
the organization and the country. SSA employees have always been 
extremely proud of the work that we do to serve the American people 
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regardless of political ideology.

That all changed when President Biden fired former Commissioner Andrew 
Saul and replaced him with current Commissioner Kilolo Kijakazi. Since 
that time, the priorities of the SSA have drastically shifted away from 
public service and employees have become overwhelmed by the political 
agendas of the current administration. Our front-line service to the 
American public has deteriorated as shown by our poor telephone wait 
times and our growing disability backlogs. SSA was once considered one 
of the best places to work in civil service. We are now ranked 17th in 
our agency category. A drastic lack of leadership in the Office of the 
Commissioner of SSA has demoralized staff due to shifting and unclear 
priorities and lack of accountability.

While I agree with you that President Biden's decision to remove Andrew 
Saul was a disgusting display of executive overreach, I implore you 
today to let your better judgment guide you toward making the best 
decision for the employees of the SSA and the American people by voting 
to confirm Martin O'Malley as the next Commissioner of SSA. Mr. 
O'Malley has a proven track record of success in leading large 
organizations, and he was very well prepared with a plan to restore 
SSA's reputation as the best public service agency in America. 
Punishing the employees of the SSA and the public we serve by 
maintaining the status quo only further politicizes the events of the 
last three years and does not provide an opportunity for true positive 
change.

As I mentioned in my opening, I am a board member of Feds For Freedom. 
We are a group of 8,000 dedicated federal employees and contractors who 
are working to reform the federal service to be more accountable, 
transparent, and representative of the values of the American people. 
Based on his testimony, Mr. O'Malley seeks to make positive changes at 
the SSA that align with our stated mission. As a non-profit 
organization, we are also nonpartisan and seek to work with a broad 
coalition of stakeholders. I urge you today to do the same and to reach 
across party lines to achieve the best result for the American people 
and the future of the Social Security Administration.

Thank you,

Melissa Bruckner
Board Member

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