[House Hearing, 118 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                 SUBCOMMITTEE ON MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, 
                 VETERANS AFFAIRS, AND RELATED AGENCIES, 
                      ASSESSING THE VETERANS HEALTH 
                  ADMINISTRATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 POTENTIAL 
                                 SHORTFALL
_______________________________________________________________________

                                 HEARINGS

                                 BEFORE A

                           SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE

                       COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

                         HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                     ONE HUNDRED EIGHTEENTH CONGRESS

                              SECOND SESSION
_______________________________________________________________________

     SUBCOMMITTEE ON SUBCOMMITTEE ON MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, VETERANS 
                     AFFAIRS, AND RELATED AGENCIES

                     JOHN R. CARTER, Texas, Chairman

  DAVID G. VALADAO, California		DEBBIE WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Florida
  JOHN H. RUTHERFORD, Florida		SANFORD D. BISHOP, Jr., Georgia
  TONY GONZALES, Texas			SUSIE LEE, Nevada
  MICHAEL GUEST, Mississippi		HENRY CUELLAR, Texas
  RYAN K. ZINKE, Montana		CHELLIE PINGREE, Maine
  STEPHANIE I. BICE, Oklahoma
  SCOTT FRANKLIN, Florida

  NOTE: Under committee rules, Mr. Cole, as chairman of the full 
committee, and Ms. DeLauro, as ranking minority member of the full 
committee, are authorized to sit as members of all subcommittees.

                     Jason Wheelock, Arianna Delgado
                            and Emma Lou Ford
                            Subcommittee Staff

                                ___________

                                  PART 3

                                                                   Page
  Department of Veterans Affairs........
                                                                      1
[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
                               
          Printed for the use of the Committee on Appropriations

                    U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE

  61-961                    WASHINGTON : 2026
_______________________________________________________________________

                   HOUSE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

                                ----------                              
                      TOM COLE, Oklahoma, Chairman


  HAROLD ROGERS, Kentucky,
    Chairman Emeritus
  ROBERT B. ADERHOLT, Alabama
  MICHAEL K. SIMPSON, Idaho
  JOHN R. CARTER, Texas
  KEN CALVERT, California
  MARIO DIAZ-BALART, Florida
  STEVE WOMACK, Arkansas
  CHARLES J. ``CHUCK'' FLEISCHMANN,
    Tennessee
  DAVID P. JOYCE, Ohio
  ANDY HARRIS, Maryland
  MARK E. AMODEI, Nevada
  DAVID G. VALADAO, California
  DAN NEWHOUSE, Washington
  JOHN R. MOOLENAAR, Michigan
  JOHN H. RUTHERFORD, Florida
  BEN CLINE, Virginia
  GUY RESCHENTHALER, Pennsylvania
  MIKE GARCIA, California
  ASHLEY HINSON, Iowa
  TONY GONZALES, Texas
  JULIA LETLOW, Louisiana
  MICHAEL CLOUD, Texas
  MICHAEL GUEST, Mississippi
  RYAN K. ZINKE, Montana
  ANDREW S. CLYDE, Georgia
  JAKE LATURNER, Kansas
  JERRY L. CARL, Alabama
  STEPHANIE I. BICE, Oklahoma
  SCOTT FRANKLIN, Florida
  JAKE ELLZEY, Texas
  JUAN CISCOMANI, Arizona
  CHUCK EDWARDS, North Carolina

  ROSA L. DeLAURO, Connecticut,
    Ranking Member
  STENY H. HOYER, Maryland
  MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio
  SANFORD D. BISHOP, Jr., Georgia
  BARBARA LEE, California
  BETTY McCOLLUM, Minnesota
  C.A. DUTCH RUPPERSBERGER, Maryland
  DEBBIE WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Florida
  HENRY CUELLAR, Texas
  CHELLIE PINGREE, Maine
  MIKE QUIGLEY, Illinois
  DEREK KILMER, Washington
  MATT CARTWRIGHT, Pennsylvania
  GRACE MENG, New York
  MARK POCAN, Wisconsin
  PETE AGUILAR, California
  LOIS FRANKEL, Florida
  BONNIE WATSON COLEMAN, New Jersey
  NORMA J. TORRES, California
  ED CASE, Hawaii
  ADRIANO ESPAILLAT, New York
  JOSH HARDER, California
  JENNIFER WEXTON, Virginia
  DAVID J. TRONE, Maryland
  LAUREN UNDERWOOD, Illinois
  SUSIE LEE, Nevada
  JOSEPH D. MORELLE, New York

                                ----------                              
                  Susan Ross, Clerk and Staff Director


                                   (II)
 
 SUBCOMMITTEE ON MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, VETERANS AFFAIRS, AND RELATED 
AGENCIES, ASSESSING THE VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 
                          POTENTIAL SHORTFALL

                              ----------                             

                                      Wednesday, November 20, 2024.

                     DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS

                               WITNESSES

SHEREEF ELNAHAL, UNDERSECRETARY FOR HEALTH
JOSH JACOBS, UNDERSECRETARY FOR BENEFITS
    Mr. Carter. Come to order.
    We have a--oh, yeah, there you go.
    We got a couple of nice folks going to talk to us today 
about some misunderstandings we have got with the Veterans 
Affairs Committee. Dr. Shereef Elnahal, close?
    Mr. Elnahal. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Carter. All right. And Mr. Joshua Jacobs.
    We want to welcome both of you and we hope you can give us 
good answers to the questions we have.
    The Subcommittee recognizes and appreciates the work done 
by the Veterans Administration. We know that since the PACT 
Act, enrollment in the VA healthcare has grown significantly as 
we provide earned benefits to our veterans.
    Unfortunately, the inability to accurately forecast is 
hindering these efforts. In July, the VA alarmingly notified 
Congress of a potential $15,000,000,000 shortfall, including 
12,000,000,000 in fiscal year 2025 for the Veterans Health 
Administration.
    Oddly, VA opted to notify Congress of this immediately 
following, the House and Senate marked up bills for the fiscal 
year. Given the dire emergency expressed by the VA of the 
potential September lapse in pensions, disabilities, and 
education benefits, Congress quickly acted and passed the 
Veterans Benefits Continued Accountability Supplemental 
Appropriations Act.
    Unfortunately, we recently found out that none of the 
nearly $3,000,000,000 provided in that act was utilized in 
fiscal year 2024, as intended. In fact, the VA carried over 
$5,100,000,000 into the new fiscal year or the next fiscal 
year.
    This inability to accurately forecast is unacceptable. The 
VA's irresponsibly insisted fear that benefits and pensions 
would be interrupted for American veterans caused us certain 
concern. That brings us to today's primary hearing topic to 
discuss the VA's request for $12,000,000,000 in additional 
funds for Medicare account in Fiscal 2025.
    Failing to immediately utilize the $3,000,000,000 as 
indicated, it is kind of a natural question that we would have 
the accuracy of your predictions. So we will also remain 
steadfast in our commitment to our veterans and we'll make sure 
they receive the benefits they have earned, but current 
estimates continue to raise questions.
    We hope we have a candid conversation this morning on this 
request test and we look forward to hearing from you.
    Ranking Member Wasserman Schultz, I will now yield to you 
for any opening remarks that you would like to make.
    Ms. Wasserman Schultz. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    I thank the gentleman for yielding and welcome Dr. Elnahal 
and Mr. Jacobs, and thank you both for being here today and for 
your service.
    So we are here to discuss some of the budget challenges 
that VA is facing as they work to accommodate the growing 
number of veterans who rely on services by the Department, 
which is a good thing.
    Before we get into that, I want to quickly walk through how 
we got here today. Two summers ago, we passed the PACT Act, 
which was the largest expansion in a generation of healthcare 
and disability compensation for veterans who were exposed to 
toxic substances during their military service.
    We also created the Toxic Exposures Fund, or the TEF, which 
ensured that these expenses would be covered on the mandatory 
side of the ledger because our veterans deserve to have 
certainty that all of their qualifying needs will be taken care 
of year after year.
    And when we make promises like the PACT Act, we must keep 
them. Since the passage of this bill, the Biden Administration 
has worked tirelessly to make sure that veterans who qualify 
receive the benefits and the healthcare that they deserve.
    The Administration has been so successful that VA has seen 
a 37 percent increase in veterans enrolled in VA healthcare and 
serviced 7.5 million more healthcare appointments than last 
year.
    Additionally, VA processed over two and a half million 
disability benefit claims, a 27 percent increase over last 
year. And those claims are being granted at higher rates. And 
this year, Veteran trust in VA has reached an all-time high of 
over 80 percent.
    Clearly, the PACT Act is working. Such success, though, 
does bring challenges. And one of those is predicting how much 
it will all cost, all of this will cost.
    Now, I recognize how difficult that can be, but it is also 
incredibly concerning that the VA incorrectly estimated its 
costs. In June, VA told us that there would be major shortfalls 
in both VBA and VHA. In fact, at that time, VA told us the 
shortfall would be $2,800,000,000 for VBA and 12,000,000,000 
for VHA.
    VA also told us that the 2,800,000,000 billion for VBA was 
urgently needed by September 20th of this year. So Congress 
quickly worked to appropriate this funding, only to find out 
two months later that VBA had more than enough carryover to 
cover all of its needs for the year.
    Now, while I join my colleagues in asking the tough 
questions as to how we got here, it is important to understand 
a key fact here. The fact that VA did not need the full 
supplemental is rare.
    In this case, the government agency actually needed less 
money than anticipated and was still able to provide high 
quality benefits and care without going over budget.
    Now, some of us have been in this Congress where we have 
had to go and pass appropriations because an agency overspent 
their money, including VA, a number of years ago. And Judge 
Carter and I, you and I were in that Congress and so we have 
dealt with overspending line items.
    In this case, we have a situation where they actually spent 
less. I would always prefer that an agency, particularly one as 
important as the VA, try to make sure that they have all the 
money they need to serve our veterans rather than them spending 
like drunken sailors overspending their line items and then we 
have to rush in and appropriate more because they have over 
promised and not delivered in the way that they should.
    So we should be digging into the VHA shortfall because 
quite frankly we need to reexamine your $12,000,000,000 
estimate. And I know you are taking a closer look at that 
number and you are awaiting OMB's review, but it is absolutely 
essential, as you and I spoke about Dr. Elnahal, that your new 
estimate be as accurate as possible.
    In addition to managing the 37 percent growth in 
participation, VHA is also facing the rising costs of 
healthcare, which I think all of us understand is occurring, 
which adds to the uncertainty around your budget needs.
    So we would like to better understand what those cost 
increases are. I feel confident in saying that we are all here 
to support all of us. This Committee has repeatedly shown that 
we are all here to support the needs of our veterans.
    We want to ensure that we keep our promise to care for 
those who have served in our nation's military and for their 
families, caregivers, and survivors. But what truly worries me, 
in the coming year, is what the incoming administration is 
saying about ``government efficiency'' by threatening to defund 
unauthorized programs.
    $119,000,000,000 in VA healthcare is on the chopping block. 
Everyone needs to understand that that cares about our 
veterans. Congress must not delay our work into next year. I 
think, as appropriators, we all prefer an omnibus bill to a CR. 
We should be passing full year appropriations bills and we 
should be working on them right now so that we fully fund the 
benefits and care our veterans have earned.
    However, here we are one month away from the expiration of 
the Continuing Resolution still without any top line agreement. 
And at the same time we need to appropriately fund all of our 
non-defense programs so that we are not constantly facing 
shortfalls and requiring supplementals just to fund our 
government's basic functions.
    Responsible governance requires taking care of our 
veterans' needs inside the VA and I hope our friends on the 
other side of the aisle continue to keep that in mind and I 
look forward to your testimony and I yield back the balance of 
my time.
    Mr. Carter. We have been joined by the Ranking Member of 
the Appropriations Committee, Ms. Rosa DeLauro, and I am happy 
to yield you for any opening remarks you consider to make.
    Ms. DeLauro. Thank you so much, Chairman Carter, and I 
appreciate the opportunity to be here. And thank you and 
Ranking Member Wasserman Schultz, for holding this important 
hearing on the potential shortfall for the Veterans Health 
Administration.
    Again, my thanks and a warm welcome also go to today's 
witnesses, Under Secretary for Health, Dr. Elnahal, and Under 
Secretary for Benefits, Mr. Jacobs. Thank you for appearing 
today and look forward to your testimony.
    While today's hearing covers a vitally important topic, I 
just have to echo something that the Ranking Member said. I 
really am dismayed that the Committee is disinterested in 
completing the work of the Appropriations Committee on time.
    We do sit one month from the expiration of the Continuing 
Resolution that we passed in September and the date is December 
20th and we, to date, do not have a top-line agreement.
    What we should be doing, this committee and the Congress, 
really laser focused on finishing appropriations bills, bills 
that we ought to have become law before the end of the year.
    There are some of my colleagues who want to delay our work 
until well into next year and they would like to pass another 
Continuing Resolution. Well, Continuing Resolutions are never a 
good way to fund the programs and services that our veterans 
depend on.
    We need to properly fund the government so that we are not 
constantly facing shortfalls, needing supplementals to keep the 
government functioning to ensure veterans receive the 
healthcare services that they are entitled to.
    So Congress needs to do its job. My view, let's not adjourn 
without enacting full year appropriations bill. Democrats are 
at the table and ready to negotiate on a final full year bill 
that can gain the support of Democrats and Republicans in the 
House and the Senate for that is what is needed in order to 
keep the government open. So I really do implore the majority 
to join us.
    On the topic of today's hearing, thanks to the successful 
outreach efforts of the Biden Administration, the VA is serving 
more veterans than ever before. But that increase in 
beneficiaries in addition to the rising cost of health care has 
led to a funding shortfall for VA medical care.
    This is a success story and we should applaud the Biden-
Harris Administration for ensuring America is upholding its 
promises to our brave veterans.
    Over two years ago we enacted the PACT Act. We promised 
veterans that they would receive benefits and medical care that 
they require after exposure to toxic substances with dedicated 
funding. And we extended that to all veterans, all of them.
    And thanks to the Administration's outreach to veterans 
entitled to the care, the number of veterans seeking care from 
Veterans Health Administration has increased beyond projections 
necessity facilitating additional funding to bridge the gap.
    In fact, more than 760,000 veterans have enrolled in VA 
health care since the PACT Act was passed, which represents a 
nearly 37 percent increase compared to an equivalent period 
before the legislation was signed.
    So we must provide this dedicated funding to uphold our 
promises. Our nation's veterans laid down their lives, their 
bodies on the line for this country's freedom and security. And 
we talk about it all the time. We pride ourselves in talking 
about these issues. We take pictures with veterans when we go 
overseas. We take pictures of the young men and women who are 
serving abroad for this thing.
    So they are entitled to this care. We said it was there. 
They now have said, hey, I need the care. So we need to ensure 
that this care is provided for. This should be nonpartisan and 
non-controversial.
    Before I conclude, let me address the VA benefits 
supplemental that we passed in September. While it remains 
clear that there is a large resource gap that we must take 
steps to address to ensure our veterans receive the benefits 
and the care that they deserve and they're entitled to, I am 
concerned by the Department's apparently unnecessary request 
for an expedited 2,800,000,000 for Veterans Affairs, which was 
in fact not needed prior to October 1st.
    Quite frankly, it does make it more difficult for this 
Committee to pass and provide the necessary supplemental 
appropriations if we cannot be confident of the accuracy of 
what agencies are telling us about their need and when they 
need it.
    So I look forward to receiving more information about how 
this costly error occurred. What steps the VA is taking to 
ensure that future estimates are as accurate as possible.
    Having said that, the purpose of today's hearing is on VA 
healthcare, and I look forward to a robust discussion and how 
we can support our veteran's health needs.
    We stand together, as the Ranking member pointed out. There 
is no difference of views as to our support and our dedication 
to the young men and women who have fought and served this 
great nation. But that means we send them off with a blare of 
bugle and a ruffle of drums. But we have to deal with the 
issues that they face when they return. And we must ensure that 
we uphold promises that we made to our veterans. Thank you very 
much for being here. I yield back.
    Mr. Carter. Thank you. Thank you, Madam Ranking Member. We 
thank you for your hard work. Chairman Cole could not be here 
today because he had something that interfered with his ability 
to, but he did send a written statement which, without 
objection, his prepared remarks will be included in the record.
    Without objection, your entire written testimony will be 
included in the record.
    Now we will recognize each of you for an opening statement 
and then we will proceed with questions.
    Dr. Elnahal, you may proceed.

                  STATEMENT OF SHEREEF ELNAHAL

    Mr. Elnahal. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member 
DeLauro, Ranking Member Wasserman Schultz, and members of the 
Subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity to testify today on 
the ongoing budget needs for the Veterans Health Administration 
to continue serving our nation's veterans.
    Since President Biden signed the PACT Act, we've provided 
veterans with more care and more benefits than ever before. We 
know that VA care is the best and often the most affordable 
care available to vets and that those in our care are less 
likely to be lost to suicide.
    That is why we have opened the door to VA eligibility for 
health care at every possible turn we could under this law, 
launching the most aggressive outreach campaign in history to 
educate veterans about the resources available to them.
    Thanks to the resources provided by Congress and our 
relentless efforts to reach more veterans, we exceeded even the 
most aggressive projections for care delivered last year. At 
the end of Fiscal Year 2024, nearly 800,000 veterans had 
enrolled in VA Healthcare since the enactment of the PACT Act, 
a 37 percent increase over the period prior to the PACT Act.
    Additionally, over 900,000 veterans saw an increase in 
their priority group, meaning reduction in their co-pays and 
qualifying for more services like dental and long-term care for 
many veterans.
    We also set an all-time record for appointments delivered 
last fiscal year, all while driving down wait times for primary 
care and mental health and these trends have continued in the 
initial weeks of fiscal year 2025.
    At the same time, VA care continues to outperform non-VA 
care and external care reviews around quality and patient 
safety. In fact, the most recent CMS Overall Hospital Quality 
Star ratings show that nearly 60 percent of VA hospitals were 
rated four or five stars compared to only 40 percent of non-VA 
hospitals.
    And for ten quarters straight, we have outperformed our 
counterparts in the CMS HCAHPS Survey measuring patient 
satisfaction with inpatient care. And most importantly, we've 
increased veteran trust in VA healthcare, reaching an all-time 
high of 92 percent trust for veterans who receive an outpatient 
appointment.
    These outcomes are the direct result of hard work from our 
frontline employees and leaders alike across our system. 
Through a series of access sprints earlier this year, teams 
made it easier and faster for veterans to access VA care by 
offering night and weekend clinics and by increasing the number 
of veterans scheduled into daily clinics.
    Today, we continue to see their impact and shorter wait 
times for primary care and mental health. And through the 
Referral Coordination Initiative, we're working to maximize the 
number of options we offer to every veteran, including more VA 
options alongside community care options when they qualify.
    And veterans have voted with their feet often choosing 
these VA options even when they did not qualify, even when they 
did qualify rather for community care, contributing to a slower 
growth of referrals in the community than over the last few 
years.
    Our clinicians have also become more productive, achieving 
a nine percent increase in productivity per clinician since 
pre-pandemic levels in 2019, and a seven percent increase in 
physician productivity specifically in fiscal year 2024 alone.
    While we're optimizing every resource provided by Congress 
to deliver world class care to vets, we also face many of the 
same cost challenges as the private sector. In fact, the cost 
for drugs and medicine in fiscal year 2024 increased by just 
over 13 percent compared to the approximately nine percent 
increase that was estimated at the time of the 2025 President's 
Budget, and we continue to estimate further cost escalations 
this coming year.
    Because of our aggressive efforts to manage responsibly 
within the budget VA achieved this historic growth in veteran 
care while staying just under the fiscal year 2024 enacted 
budget. We stayed within the budget, an outcome that we did not 
expect when we initially submitted our supplemental request to 
Congress this past July.
    However, many of the strategies we used are not sustainable 
in the long run. For instance, we cannot continue to delay 
medical equipment purchases year over year, and we continue to 
believe that growth in staff, rather than attrition, is needed 
to meet increases in veteran care demand.
    Due to the updated information about our financial position 
at the end of last year, we're continuing to evaluate our 
fiscal year 2025 funding requirements and we now estimate that 
we will need less than the amount that we requested in July.
    With more updated information, we're analyzing our revised 
funding need carefully and methodically, and we will share the 
revised need with this committee as soon as we finalize it with 
OMB.
    If VA medical care does not receive additional funding in 
FY25, VA will be forced to make difficult decisions to remain 
within the current budget, most notably on outreach, care 
coordination, and more.
    That is why our excellent field leaders have been briefing 
you and your teams this week about the real and specific 
impacts to veteran care if VHA has not afforded additional 
resources this year.
    To conclude, the most important reason we need more 
resources is our record in delivering more care and more 
benefits to veterans than ever before, and our hope is to 
continue this historic level of outreach and care delivery and 
we appreciate the consideration of this committee. I look 
forward to your questions.
    [The information follows:]
    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    
    Mr. Carter. Mr. Jacobs.

                    STATEMENT OF JOSH JACOBS

    Mr. Jacobs. Good Morning Chairman Carter, Ranking Member 
DeLauro, Ranking Member Wasserman Schultz, and members of the 
Committee. I appreciate the opportunity to appear before you 
today.
    As you know, VA is currently delivering more benefits to 
more veterans, family members and survivors than ever before. 
This historic success stems from implementation of the Sergeant 
First Class Heath Robinson PACT Act and our unprecedented 
proactive outreach to connect veterans with the benefits that 
they've earned.
    This summer, VA identified several factors that required us 
to reassess our FY24 mandatory funding needs, largely driven by 
an increase in the total number of anticipated disability 
compensation and pension claims.
    Our goal was to ensure sufficient resources would be 
available to carry us through the end of the year and deliver 
on our promise to provide veterans and survivors with earned 
benefits on time and without interruption.
    We were mindful that a funding shortfall of just $1 would 
have prevented VA from processing its September pay file, 
delaying monthly disability compensation, pension, and 
education benefit payments to the approximately seven million 
veterans and survivors who rely on them.
    When we recognized the risk of exceeding our performance 
targets and jeopardizing timely payments, VA notified the 
Committee and kept Congress apprised of developments in the 
subsequent months.
    Veterans and survivors rely on these payments and any delay 
could have been devastating to them and their families. This 
was a risk we simply were not willing to take and slowing 
benefits delivery was not an option because we know the 
transformative impact these benefits have on the lives of 
veterans.
    We serve veterans like Dave Hale and his wife Carrie. Three 
years ago, Dave survived a vehicle collision with only minor 
injuries. But months of persistent neck pain ultimately led to 
a diagnosis of a rare cancer.
    Following Dave's diagnosis, Carrie quickly became his 
caretaker. Dave's claim was denied, but Carrie didn't stop 
fighting. After attending a PACT Act outreach event and working 
with both VA employees and advocates, she got the help she 
needed and Dave's cancer was finally granted 100 percent 
service connection in June of 2023.
    In his final days, Dave's only worry was his family and 
comforted by the knowledge that they would be taken care of, 
Dave passed away less than two months later.
    This is the power of the PACT Act life changing support for 
veterans, their families and survivors and Carrie and Dave's 
story is just one of millions that demonstrates the impact of 
this historic law you helped to pass.
    Since the PACT Act was signed into law, VA has approved 
more than 1.3 million PACT Act related claims equating to over 
$8,000,000,000 for veterans and survivors.
    In fiscal year 2024, VA delivered an all-time record 
$187,000,000,000 in benefits to nearly seven million veterans 
and survivors. We also processed more than 2.5 million 
disability benefits claims, a 27 percent increase over last 
year's all-time record and thanks to the largest, most 
aggressive outreach campaign in VA history, veterans, family 
members, and survivors are applying for and receiving a variety 
of benefits at higher numbers than ever before.
    We are grateful to Congress for providing the supplemental 
funding we requested. While those funds were not immediately 
used, prudent management compelled VA to request the funding so 
veterans benefit payments could continue without interruption.
    In October, the amount of the supplemental funding and more 
was used directly providing disability compensation, pension, 
and education benefit payments for veterans, families, and 
survivors.
    Moving forward, we're incorporating lessons learned to 
adjust our budget projections, including estimates for the 2026 
President's Budget, so we can avoid this situation in the 
future.
     That means accounting for the capacity of our workforce to 
deliver at record levels, anticipating higher rates of annual 
growth and average disability ratings, and continuing to 
transparently share our status of funds reports every month.
    We will provide updated estimates when they're finalized 
and will continue providing these monthly updates to the 
Committee. We remain focused on delivering more benefits to 
more veterans and survivors more quickly than ever before and 
we thank you for your continued support. I look forward to 
answering any questions members of this Committee may have.
    [The information follows:]
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] T1961P3.010
    
    Mr. Carter. Thank you. And we appreciate you being here to 
explain this. And I don't think anyone sitting at this dais 
would disagree that we are very proud of the way the VA has 
reacted to the PACT Act and the way that you have done a great 
job to take care of our fighting people.
    But what the question we have here is communication with 
the people who pay the bills. That's us. And accurate as can be 
communications. And I would like to hear, and I hope everybody 
else would like to hear, exactly how you make your estimates.
    I am going to have a question about that. What do you use 
to make these decisions? It was sort of coincidental that we 
got this information one day after the presidential election 
was called.
    And so that seemed a little circumstantial, as we would say 
in the courtroom. But anyway, we are concerned about, and we 
still don't have a real number. We are talking $12,000,000,000 
right now as you study it or as you talk to OMB or whatever is 
coming up.
    We need clear communications is what we are talking about. 
Because this is a lot of money. It is a lot of money on the 
short fuse. Nobody's criticizing you, but that you are 
accomplishing great things in the VA. You are. But we have to 
pay the bills and we have to know what is going on. That is 
what this is, at least I am trying to shorten what we are 
thinking about.
    We are talking about why are we in the dark? And if you 
get, and if you don't know, then you don't know. But we are 
going to have the same situation. We will have timed on each 
question. And I will start.
    I will start and then the Ranking Member will follow me and 
then we will go as you came into the hearing.
    Our office was briefed earlier this month about status of 
the funds and projections for VA's funding for FY25. And as I 
mentioned, it is oddly coincidental that one day after the 
President's election was called, he told us about the 
12,000,000,000. This raised a flag. There was something strange 
about that.
    And OMB, you said OMB is working on it. Your statement 
continues that we are at the same place, OMB is working on it 
right now. According to your response to the letters we were 
sent, VA projected that you would have nearly 12,500,000,000 
unobligated funds carried over into FY25.
    Now that we are more than halfway through November, please 
tell us the burn rate, fiscal year to date, and the latest on 
the projections for the remainder of the year.
    While we appreciate that you relayed to us the 
$12,000,000,000 shortfall as an overestimate, you still said 
more funds would be needed as you projected to the end of the 
year. When do you expect to provide the revised number to us so 
that we can resolve this matter?
    It is critical that the VA answers us so that we can assess 
this matter swiftly. Veterans and this body deserve to have 
honest, transparent, and documented budget needs to enable us 
to provide the great care to all of our veterans.
    How do you anticipate this request to come forward? And the 
final proposal of moving to the mandatory side is not viewed by 
at least this side of the aisle as a viable last option.
    So with that, if you would answer the questions is how do 
you make projections? And you say more projections are going to 
be made and give us an example of how they will be reported to 
this body so that we can have a continuing idea of where we are 
going to be.
    Appropriating in the dark is very difficult for 
appropriators and we would rather not do that. So if either one 
of you would like to give us what device you use to make 
projections, it would be of interest to me.
    Mr. Elnahal. I'm happy to start, Mr. Chairman.
    I think you're more than right to demand transparency or 
it's our constitutional obligation to grant you that 
transparency, which is why in July, when we were mid-year, not 
knowing where we would necessarily end up, we came forward with 
our projected funding need into the end of fiscal year 2025.
    So we went as much in advance as possible with that 
request. That estimate has proven to be an overestimate, as you 
said, based on the data up to that point in the fiscal year on 
our care execution levels, on things like the cost per full-
time employee.
    As we briefed to your staff, we were off by about two 
percent on ultimately what the cost per full-time employee was 
amounting to about $3,000 per employee. But because we have a 
more than 400,000-person workforce, when amortized over the 
entire organization, that ended up being well over a billion 
dollars of costs that we didn't actually obligate when we 
expected to in July. And so that's one reason that our estimate 
was off.
    In the coming weeks Mr. Chairman, we are going to make sure 
that we methodically and carefully recalculate what that need 
is, because we need to get it right, or at least more right 
than we did in July. We don't want to be giving you something 
that was as ultimately inaccurate that we gave you in July.
    Now, that was, again, our best estimate with the data we 
had at the time. Another factor was that our operational 
leaders across the organization manage to the budget by making 
key decisions to be able to achieve that. So, we did stay 
within the FY-24 enacted budget, but some of the actions they 
took are ultimately not sustainable.
    So, for example, deferring and delaying equipment 
purchases. We also anticipate continuously increasing costs in 
pharmaceuticals and prosthetics. Medical inflation is far 
exceeding consumer price index, and so these are cost pressures 
that the entire healthcare system is facing, Mr. Chairman.
    Normally we project our funding needs through actuarial 
models called the rolling healthcare projection model. Mid-
year, we had to do an estimate run with a different 
methodology. We're now going to be using more up to date and 
hopefully more accurate assumptions when we calculate and 
deliver our funding to you.
    Mr. Jacobs. Mr. Chairman, on the benefits side, we estimate 
our cost requirements, looking at the number of claims we 
anticipate receiving and producing, and that could be 
influenced by the total number of employees we have, their 
efficiency levels, the availability of overtime funds.
    On the education side, we're looking at economic indicators 
trying to assess the rate of utilization for those education 
benefits, to include whether veterans and beneficiaries are 
using those benefits in a full time or part time capacity 
online or in person.
    What we found in looking back at fiscal year 2024 is the 
primary driver, and the primary reason why we came to you and 
requested the additional funding is we updated our projections, 
assessing that we would complete 2.5 million claims, not the 
2.2 million we had originally projected and thought was 
aggressive yet achievable. Well, it turns out we did in fact 
exceed 2.5 million claims completions. What we didn't 
anticipate is that the proportion of those claims was more 
heavily weighted on veterans receiving a claim for increase 
rather than new veterans getting a claim for the first time. 
And the cost differential there resulted in us not exceeding 
the amount of mandatory funding as we had anticipated.
    The other point that I'll mention is that without the 
supplemental funding on the education account, we would only 
have carried over about half a percent of our total funds, 
which would have meant that if we had had even about 5,000 more 
students utilize those training and education programs, we 
would have exceeded the total level.
    So, as we look forward to improve on our budget formulation 
process, we're taking into account the lessons learned, 
increasing total production estimates, trying to dig deeper 
into the proportion of claims that are new versus claims for 
increase, and we're making sure that we also anticipate a 
greater growth in the average disability rating for veterans.
    Mr. Carter. Ranking Member Wasserman Schultz.
    Ms. Wasserman Schultz. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. 
I'm going to come back to the short fall, and just want to 
begin by underscoring the concern that I raised in my opening 
remarks.
    President-Elect Trump recently announced that Vivek 
Ramaswamy would co-lead a so-called Department of Government 
Efficiency, which sounds like it is not even actually going to 
be a governmental agency. And he's already made headlines 
saying that unauthorized programs should no longer receive 
appropriations. His precise words were that, ``we can and 
should save hundreds of billions each year by defunding 
government programs that Congress no longer authorizes.''
    As you well know, veterans healthcare benefits are 
currently not an authorized program, so if--and perhaps my 
colleagues are unaware of that. But--so if Republicans in the 
majority follow through on Ramaswamy's wishes, it will mean 
that veterans would no longer be eligible for in-patient 
surgeries--for--no longer be eligible for in-patient services, 
like surgeries, acute care, and injuries that may require 
urgent care and outpatient services like health appointments, 
immunizations, and nutrition and education.
    Ramaswamy's strategy would strip this committee members--
this committee of our authority to determine how the federal 
government should be funded. All members of this committee 
should be outraged about that. It appears that we should be 
reminding the incoming administration that our nation's 
founders gave Congress the power of the purse.
     So, Dr. Elnahal, my question is, this stated strategy 
would obviously have a devastating impact on our veterans. Can 
you further elaborate on what eliminating almost $119 billion 
in medical care would mean for our veterans?
    Mr. Elnahal. I'd be highly concerned about it, 
Congresswoman. Right now, we take guidance from our general 
counsel and our authorities. And so, we have a 1996 law that 
established the medical benefits package that clearly does 
state that our authority to provide care is related directly to 
the advance appropriation that we get every year.
    So, we're pretty confident in our authority to provide the 
full scope of medical care. And we're in a position now, 
because of the historic growth in the number of veterans 
enrolling in VA, but also the number of veterans who are 
relying on us more because we're doing things like increasing 
priority groups when Josh and his team out of VBA offer more 
service connected benefits to these vets who are already 
enrolled. That is actually substantially increasing care 
demand.
    And so, we'd be highly concerned about any cuts. In fact, 
we need to grow our workforce to a level of 405,000 employees 
as we estimate to be able to deliver that care in a timely way. 
Despite these increases in demand, we've seen wait times on 
average go down instead of up for primary care and mental 
health. We've seen historic performance on quality, patient 
safety, veteran satisfaction and trust. We want to make sure we 
maintain those outcomes while we provide accessible, high 
quality care to vets.
    Ms. Wasserman Schultz. Thank you, and just to my colleagues 
on appropriations, you know, we have a culture here that we are 
proud of that is--that there are Democrats, Republicans, and 
appropriators. And I mean, I think we all have to think through 
if this is a plan that actually is moved forward, about the 
number of laws that have expired in a sense and no longer have 
an authorization that we fund here, even without the 
authorization, which is our right and Congress's authority.
    And so, it's just something that I wanted to make sure that 
I shined a spotlight on, because it would dramatically affect 
the--Congress's authority more broadly, and specifically our 
authority as a--as a committee.
    On the VHA shortfall, Dr. Elnahal, as I mentioned in my 
opening statement, both the increasing cost of healthcare and 
the uncertainty around the number of veterans with PACT Act 
qualifying needs who will be coming to rely on your services 
adds to the uncertainty in your cost estimates certainly.
    And you in your testimony and your answer to Chairman 
Carter just now pointed to that, particularly in pharmacy and 
prosthetics. With the success of the PACT Act, can you give the 
committee some insight into how many veterans you are now 
serving, and where the shortfalls exist?
    For example, what types of providers will you need to be 
hiring, and can you be more specific about exactly what costs 
are increasing, and how that's impacting your ability to not 
just predict your costs, but to sustain a high level of care?
    Mr. Elnahal. Yes. So, we face systemic cost increases, 
again, as does every health system in America, Congresswoman, 
on pharmaceuticals, prosthetics, key elements of veteran care 
delivery that VA shoulders a responsibility for.
    We're a very integrated, comprehensive healthcare system. 
We have one of the largest pharmacy operations in the country. 
We bear those costs and deliver those needed medications to 
vets. And so, we anticipate that we will see an increase. We 
observed an increase, I should say, of about 13 percent in 
pharmaceutical costs this last fiscal year.
    We're projecting an increase of up to 24 percent into FY-
25, both because of the intensity and volume of medications 
we're delivering, but also because of the newer types of 
medications for obesity that are high cost, but can ultimately 
help and serve veterans across the country. And so, those are a 
lot of the systemic costs. When it comes to our fulltime 
employee needs, Congresswoman, we have been relentlessly hiring 
frontline employees and clinicians and folks who directly serve 
veterans.
    The vast majority of employees that we hired at historic 
levels in FY-23 were frontline employees. We are budgeting for 
physicians, nurses, housekeeping aides, food service works, and 
the entire gamut of employees needed to make hospitals and 
clinics move to give veterans timely care, and that's really--
we're going to be indexing--should be able to get these 
supplemental funds.
    Ms. Wasserman Schultz. And just one more brief thing. How 
has the growth in community care impacted your budget, 
particularly as it relates to this shortfall?
    Mr. Elnahal. Every single referral into the community is an 
added--what we'll call variable cost--and an added cost to 
ultimately the agency. Now, I've supported community care from 
day one in my tenure. Community care is absolutely needed for 
many veterans when we don't have a service available, and when 
we can't offer timely services. It's actually the law under the 
MISSION Act for us to be able to offer those services.
    What we've done instead of limiting access to community 
care is actually over-indexed and offered more VA care over the 
last fiscal year. So, we're offering telehealth appointments, 
more in-person appointments. We are offering appointments 
between medical centers that more veterans are taking us up on, 
and veterans are voting with their feet. So, between 2022 and 
2023, and 2023 and 2024, there was a significant difference. It 
was 18 percent over the last period, and we grew by about 14.8 
percent between 2023 and 2024.
    So, we're slowing the growth of community care, not because 
we're limiting those options, but because we have a more robust 
workforce than ever. Our clinicians are becoming more 
productive, and we're offering a lot more VA options to vets 
whether they qualify for community care or not.
    Ms. Wasserman Schultz. Great. Thank you. Thanks for the 
indulgence, Mr. Chairman. I yield back.
    Mr. Carter. Mr. Valadao
    Mr. Valadao. Thank you, Chairman. Thank you to our 
witnesses for testifying before the committee today. Like the 
rest of my colleagues, I am incredibly concerned with the VA's 
ongoing challenges in accurately estimating demand utilization 
and cost, and reiterate the need for more transparent and 
detailed explanations of what the VA needs to fulfill its 
mission of providing for our nation's veterans.
    I know it's been hit on a little bit, but even chatting 
with my colleagues on the authorizing side, there's a lot of 
concern--there's not a lot of clarity on the way that these are 
estimated, and there was a letter that was signed by our 
chairman here, Chairman Carter and Chairman Bost, specifically 
requesting quite a few different clarifications, and it sounds 
like there has been little to any response at all on those, and 
a lot of excuses. Any response to what's taking so long to give 
the answers to, what is it, 15 questions on there?
    Mr. Jacobs. Congressman, I was under the impression we had 
responded, but I can go back and confirm if I am mistaken. We 
certainly--as Dr. Elnahal mentioned--we have a Constitutional 
responsibility to cooperate in a transparent manner to provide 
you with the answers you need to do your duties to the people 
you represent, and to the taxpayers of this country. We owe you 
that, and we will commit to doing that.
    We will be transparent. We have provided monthly status of 
fund reports since the summer; those will continue. And we are 
also complying with requirements associated with the 
supplemental appropriation you passed to provide reports 
detailing information about our budget formulation process.
    Mr. Valadao. After that supplemental was passed, we were 
under the impression, or at least it's come out that we--it was 
no longer needed. When did you actually know we didn't--that 
you didn't need those $3 billion?
    Mr. Jacobs. We identified that after we had received the 
funds. It takes us several weeks to reconcile our accounts and 
make sure that we've identified things like prior recoveries, 
and kind of the--all of the numbers. And so, once we had 
verified that, we communicated that.
    Mr. Valadao. And so you knew a few weeks afterwards that 
you didn't need the extra 3 billion that was----
    Mr. Jacobs. The full----
    Mr. Valadao [continuing]. [Crosstalk].
    Mr. Jacobs. The full, complete--I think we had a sense of 
the C&P earlier, and the RB took a little bit longer, but then 
we had to reconcile and verify that.
    Mr. Valadao. All right. How does the VA plan to measure 
long term outcomes and increase funding, particularly in areas 
like mental health, homelessness reduction, and caregiver 
support?
    Mr. Elnahal. I'll take that one, Congressman. So, the most 
important public health and clinical priority we have is 
veteran suicide. And so, that is going to be--it continues to 
be the most important metric that we measure when it comes to 
the mental health and well-being of our vets.
    We also measure access to care. So, we've been able to 
reduce average wait times for a new patient in mental health by 
about 14 and a half percent year over year from fiscal year 
2023 to 2024, mostly because we hired thousands of mental 
health frontline clinicians to be able to see more vets, but 
also because we've been working on productivity and ensuring 
consistent standards on the number of patients seen per 
provider, and of course we also have a large gamut of metrics 
on quality and reliability of care delivery when it comes to 
mental health, and we're happy to follow up with you on exactly 
how we're measuring those outcomes. I was just handed a note 
that says we did send back a 46 page response to the letter 
that you mentioned on November 8th, but we'll make sure we'll 
double back with you and your team on that response.
    Mr. Valadao. So, for--on the responses they have gotten so 
far, the numbers don't add up to the $12,000,000,000 that you 
are asking for. And that is a huge problem. When we talk about 
a number of $3,000,000,000 that was given and then not 
necessary. Now there's a $12,000,000,000 request, but there is 
no clarification on what those needs are.
    I feel like we need a little more transparency on that. And 
if you can bury in a 38-page letter actual facts, I think that 
would be helpful on.
    Mr. Elnahal. I don't disagree, Congressman, that our 
projections could have been more accurate. Conceded that for 
sure. What we're trying to do is make sure we work very 
diligently to make sure that the number we do give this 
Committee is much more accurate. And that is taking time and 
we're going to work as methodically as we can with OMB. But 
yes, the projections as of July were an overestimate.
    Mr. Valadao. All right. What mechanisms are you currently 
using to keep these numbers as transparent and accurate as 
possible moving forward?
    Mr. Elnahal. We have monthly budget execution reviews, 
Congressman, with every single one of our network leaders. We 
have robust participation from our medical centers. We're 
tracking full-time employee levels, community care utilization, 
pharmaceutical costs, prosthetic costs, productivity, a number 
of metrics that are giving us much more real time information 
directly from the folks managing our system.
     And so that information is available to this committee 
upon request at any time when it comes to our budget execution. 
I will say that a large part of the reason why we're here and 
we ultimately need less money this fiscal year is because our 
operators grew care significantly while holding down costs as 
much as they could responsibly.
    And so we're seeing wait times go down, we're seeing care 
volumes go up. And we stayed within the FY24 enacted budget not 
by accident, but because we have excellent leaders across our 
system managing the costs very, very closely.
    And so that was an unexpected outcome, ultimately a good 
one because we have more resources going into this year, but 
our projections need to be more accurate.
    Mr. Valadao. I am under the impression that one of the 
administrators at the Department actually used the phrase SWAG. 
So scientific wild ass guess as a way of some of the estimates 
that were projected and why they were so far off.
    And I think that was actually addressed in the letter. And 
I mean that's a scary thought when you think about the billions 
of dollars that were being budgeted, spent, not spent, asked 
for. And then when you hear phrases like that from 
whistleblowers, I think that is a pretty scary thing for us, 
especially when we are all in the same room here. I think we 
all care about the same thing. Making sure that we take care of 
our veterans and the amount of money that is being thrown 
around is irresponsible for the taxpayers.
    A lot of veterans are taxpayers as well. A lot of them left 
the services and go out in private sector and work hard, pay 
taxes. We want to make sure that we are as responsible as 
possible. And when we hear phrases like that, I think we owe it 
to our citizens to make sure we do our best to not play these 
games anymore.
    And I hope that in the response we can find some of the 
answers to the questions I had and that the Committee had. 
Thank you.
    Mr. Carter. Mr. Bishop.
    Mr. Bishop. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, Dr. Elnahal, 
and Mr. Jacobs. Thank you so much for being here today and 
thank you for your commitment to ensuring that our veterans 
receive the care and the services that they deserve.
    I greatly appreciate your service and your invaluable 
contributions to this important discussion. I really think that 
while there has been discussion about the overestimates of 
cost, I want to congratulate you because it appears to me that 
by any metrics of quality and care that you have taken your 
mission to take care of those who have served very, very 
seriously.
    This Committee, for over several years now has insisted 
that we not come up short on care for our veterans and even 
made it a part of our annual process to advance fund medical 
care for our veterans to make sure that regardless of what 
exigencies might happen here on the Hill, that our veterans 
would be cared for.
    But by all of the metrics of performance, you have done a 
tremendous job, better than in many, many, many decades. And so 
I want to congratulate you for that. I would like to associate 
myself with the comments of the Ranking Member because I think 
that it is better to have the resources and not need them 
urgently than to need them and have our veterans come up short.
    And I think that you gave our veterans the benefit of the 
doubt in those estimates and fortunately, budget wise, you 
didn't have to expend it. But nevertheless, I appreciate, and I 
think our veterans appreciate the fact that you had them in 
mind and you did not want them to come up short.
    So I certainly congratulate you on that. But I want to ask 
you, with the fluctuations and costs related to pharmaceuticals 
and your need for additional staff, the fact that your managers 
were able to cut costs to stay within the projected budget, but 
as you say, those cost-cutting mechanisms are not sustainable, 
you have got to invest in the future. You have got to hire more 
staff. You have got to anticipate the additional cost increases 
that will be coming for the quality of services and equipment 
that you have to acquire.
    What is it that we can do, on this Committee, to give you 
additional tools to more accurately project and to make sure 
that we never, ever have to come back for additional funds 
because we have targeted and have sufficient resources?
    Mr. Elnahal. So I'll start, Congressman. I appreciate your 
comments very much. As the Secretary compels us to do every 
day, we are not going to relent on our outreach to more 
veterans across the country to give them their earned 
healthcare and benefits. And we've acted that way since the 
PACT Act was signed.
    We accelerated healthcare eligibility eight years in 
advance of what was required for the law for different cohorts 
of veterans as of March 5th of this year, including every 
veteran who's deployed to a post 9/11 conflict now qualifying 
for VA Healthcare, every veteran deployed to the Gulf War, 
every veteran deployed to the Vietnam and expansive deployment 
locations.
    And that is the primary reason why we are here. We're given 
the authority to bring more vets into the system. Every single 
veteran we enroll, on average, reduces their risk for suicide, 
which is reason enough to do this.
    Mr. Bishop. I am hearing from my veterans every day that 
they are really, really happy with the recent support that they 
feel from the VA. They feel like their claims are being 
addressed, that they are getting better care, they are 
increases where they deserve an increase, are coming quicker, 
the wait times are better. They seem to be happy.
    And the data that you supplied in your testimony indicates 
that the confidence in veterans is much, much increased. And so 
I really have to congratulate you for that. I think this 
Administration has done a tremendous job in that.
    Mr. Elnahal. Thank you, Congressman. But I know that we do 
need to work on our budget formulation, and that is something 
we're commissioning an external review to assess. And we're 
going to make sure our projections get better and better over 
time.
    Mr. Carter. Mr. Rutherford.
    Mr. Rutherford. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And I thank our 
witnesses for being here this morning.
    You know, I want to echo Mr. Bishop's thanks. As a Navy 
dependent growing up, my father was a World War II and Korean 
veteran. And, you know, I know what veteran benefits and all 
meant to my family growing up.
    I know Mike and Scott and others in the Appropriations 
Committee who have served this country and are veterans 
themselves. The future of veteran care in America couldn't be 
in better hands, I think, from an appropriation standpoint, 
nobody is going to be cutting care to our veterans.
    Now, can we do it better? Sure. And we need to look at 
that. And I want to ask because in my previous life, I had to 
put together big budgets every year. And you know something 
that I noticed, I could really hit it on the dime when it was 
simply carrying everything forward the way it had been for 10 
years, you know, 15 years. But when you throw in a new program 
like the PACT Act, that's where the SWAG comes in, I know.
    Now, it is scientific, but you try to base it on something, 
but you don't have those former events that you can really turn 
to to gauge what's the response going to be. You don't know how 
many veterans are going to respond to PACT Act. And I first 
want to say also I think you all did an amazing job getting the 
call out to all the veterans, making them aware of the PACT Act 
existence even.
    And so, but not knowing how they're going to respond to 
that, you know, for you to try and put together a budget, 
that's, I know that's tough. And I think when you look at the 
size and scope of veteran healthcare and veteran benefits, I 
think you all did a pretty good job, quite frankly.
    Now there is also processes that are in place where we can 
do rescissions and that sort of thing. So it is not like the 
money is just gone. But I do want to ask you one thing because, 
and the reason I would rather see you overestimate than under 
is because I know how important, and I think you would agree, 
preventative healthcare is early healthcare.
    You know, I have members in my family that have had 
screenings and things that have literally saved their life and 
saved the system a whole lot of money because they don't have 
to pay for the more serious illness down the road.
    So my question is the PACT Act and in the call that you all 
put out, getting these folks in earlier, getting to them more 
quickly, four years, I think, versus eight, those kind of 
changes.
    Is there any projections on, and it may be too early yet, 
but are there any projections on how much is actually being 
saved by addressing these health needs earlier by the clarion 
call that you all put out?
    Mr. Elnahal. Yeah, Congressman. So we believe that 
preventative care is the best care, and that was one of the 
main motivations for us to accelerate healthcare eligibility 
under Section 103 of the PACT Act, which you granted us as an 
authority under that law.
    And for the first time for many, many veterans, they no 
longer had to prove that they needed to have a service-
connected condition to get access to VA healthcare. The benefit 
of the doubt on their need for healthcare was given to the 
veteran for the first time for millions of additional veterans.
    And so we could say for the first time to those veterans 
that we can be there for you in a preventative posture rather 
than waiting for you to get sick and ultimately get granted 
service connection before we treat a condition you already 
have.
    Mr. Rutherford. Exactly.
    Mr. Elnahal. We'd much rather be in a preventative posture 
as you may. Now, in terms of projections on cost savings, that 
remains to be seen. This is a historic piece of policy that 
will be thoroughly analyzed into the future. But the main 
motivation, Congressman, as you know, isn't cost, it is 
preventing illness and prolonging the life and allowing 
veterans to thrive across the country.
    Mr. Jacobs. Congressman, I would just add, as we look at 
the two decades leading up to enactment of the PACT Act, our 
obligations for the compensation and pension account grew at an 
average rate of eight percent. In the two years since the law 
was enacted, it grew at 17 percent and then 16 percent. So 
there's been tremendous growth. We carried over significantly 
more money in the last two years at about a 10 and 11 percent 
rate relative to what we had done previously.
    We obviously were a little too tight in this past fiscal 
year. And so we'll work to apply those lessons moving forward. 
But your point is a good one. The PACT Act has fundamentally 
expanded our ability to deliver more benefits to more veterans 
and survivors.
    It's an incredible authority. But it's challenged us with 
respect to budget formulation, and we'll make sure we apply the 
lessons learned moving forward.
    Mr. Rutherford. Thank you. Look, linear projections are 
easy. Dynamic projections of what human behavior is going to be 
is tough. And quite frankly, I think you all did a good job. 
Thank you. I yield back.
    Mr. Carter. Mr. Cuellar.
    Mr. Cuellar. Mr. Chairman, thank you. And to the Ranking 
Member also, and I want to thank our witnesses for being here. 
And I certainly want to thank you for all the work that you do 
for our veterans. So I want to say thank you.
    My question goes on the shortfall. I know it has been 
asked, but I want to ask it a little differently. So in July 
2024, you all projected a $15,000,000,000 budget shortfall. 
Then it was revised in November to 5,100,000,000. That is a 
shift of about a little bit over 20 billion. Not 1,000, not 
thousands, not millions, but billions. That's a large amount of 
discrepancy. And I got serious questions, if you all can write 
down the questions.
    What measures are being implemented to enhance the accuracy 
of future budget forecasts and prevent similar situations is 
one question. And in that what internal controls are being 
strengthened?
    The second question, to ensure financial accountability 
within the VA and to go into some of the questions, I assumed 
that the financial projections were influenced by three things, 
lower than expected workforce costs, I assume? If that was one. 
Delay equipment purchases, I assume that was another one? 
Slower growth in community care, I assume that was another one?
    But my question when you talk about the measures to 
strengthen internal, I assume you all are using the internal 
control systems within the standards set forth by the GAO that 
is the Green Book, the Standards for Internal Control of 
Federal Government. I assume you all are doing that now?
    I assume also that you all are conducting your yearly 
evaluations internal control systems to comply with the Federal 
Managers Financial Integrity Act of 1982 to make sure that we 
have the effectiveness and the efficiency in operations, 
reliable financial reporting, and of course compliance with 
applicable regulations.
    And I assume, also, you all been implementing the OMB 
Circular A123 also to do this. On the measures, and I say this 
to my colleagues, 14 years ago we changed the law to ask you to 
do performance measures. The only thing is I couldn't get 
across was I was trying to add this to the appropriations where 
we could actually have an input and we can still do that, Mr. 
Chairman.
    Right now the way the measures are being done, including 
cost savings, they are left up to the agencies to in many ways 
pat themselves on the back because they will put certain 
measures that are a lot easier to achieve. But I hope sometimes 
we can talk about where Congress can have a say so on the 
measures that include cost savings.
    If we put in $1, what do we get for $1? What are the cost 
savings? And I haven't seen your measures in a while, but a lot 
of the measures we are looking at were just measures of 
activities and not results or results oriented. And I think you 
know what I am talking about.
    But anyway, I have a couple questions that are down the 
line as the Chairman and the ranking woman also, but I want to 
ask you about some of the internal measures.
    Mr. Elnahal. Absolutely, Congressman.
    Just to clarify one thing, we had estimated a potential 
need in FY25 as of July to be 12,000,000,000 for VHA. We have 
not yet submitted what that revised number will be. We know it 
will be lower, potentially substantially lower, again based on 
all the factors I mentioned.
    Our operators managing as closely as they could to the 
budget and ultimately staying within the enacted budget, 
affording us the carryover approximately that we had estimated 
originally in the budget.
    But then there are also elements that we expect like 
increased pharmaceutical prosthetic costs and other systemic 
factors in healthcare that will factor into that ultimate need.
    On the budget formulation review that we're doing, as 
Congressman Rutherford mentioned, you know, dynamic factors in 
play here. We hired a huge number of people, unprecedented 
number. An all-time record of more than 60,000 people in FY23 
precisely to prepare for robust implementation of the PACT Act. 
Because we were also doing an unprecedented outreach campaign 
to bring more veterans in.
    And so even if we are off by about two percent in the cost 
per FTE, which is approximately what we were off by as of July 
versus what we know now, that translates into well over a 
billion dollars of difference in the actual outcome. And so 
we're really looking at these factors.
    We want to make our projections as better and ultimately 
more accurate. But there's a very dynamic last few years in 
play here. We also just finished our audit with the OIG on 
complying with all of the different parameters that you 
mentioned.
    And so we're taking that. We've improved year over year, 
but there are still things that VA needs to work on. And of 
course we welcome your oversight and accountability on 
outcomes. Our most important outcomes are veteran trust, which 
stands at an all-time high of 92 percent, quality and patient 
safety outcomes, which VA outperforms the private sector by 60 
percent, getting the top two grades versus 40 percent of the 
private sector.
    And of course access wait times are down in primary care 
and mental health. And when it comes to actual care delivery, 
we are up significantly, breaking records every year in 
appointments delivered.
    Mr. Cuellar. And we thank you. My time is up, Mr. Chairman. 
But if you recall, in the state of Texas we actually did put 
performance measures where we actually sat down with the 
agencies and looked at them.
    And there's a way we can add them to the report language at 
least so we can see customer service like you mentioned. And 
thank you for a good job on that. You can look at cost savings. 
There's a lot of things we can do and maybe next year we can 
look at some of that.
    And Florida also has done that also. I know Texas and 
Florida and probably the other states, also Nebraska and the 
other folks have looked at this, but it is something that we 
should start thinking about having to say so on performance 
measures.
    But with that, thank you Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member and 
to both of you, thank you for what you do to help our veterans. 
Thank you.
    Mr. Carter. Ms. Bice.
    Ms. Bice. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And I want to thank Dr. 
and Mr. Jacobs for being with us today.
    I first want to say that it is disappointing to hear the 
ranking member politicize this topic. No one is suggesting that 
VA benefits are going to be cut. No one is suggesting they're 
going to be eliminated.
    The next administration will do everything they can to 
ensure that our veterans' care is a top priority. It didn't 
happen under the first Trump Administration and it is not going 
to happen under the next one. So I think it is important to 
point that out.
    I want to talk about a couple things. First and foremost, 
the budget relied heavily on unobligated funds. You all had 
quite a bit of that. Can you talk about what specific factors 
led to the assumption and why were these risks not highlighted 
to Congress early on?
    Mr. Elnahal. Are you referring to the medical care 
carryover that we budgeted?
    Ms. Bice. Correct.
    Mr. Elnahal. Yeah. So this has been a consistent pattern of 
advanced appropriations over the last many years where, for 
reasons that I think are very veteran centric, you all have 
authorized funding for us that would more than complete the 
needs for the current fiscal year and then carry over a 
substantial amount into the next fiscal year to minimize the 
risk that ultimately the agency would run out of money.
    Ms. Bice. What percentage would you say are these 
unobligated funds?
    Mr. Elnahal. Yeah. So in terms of amount, we approached 
about $12,000,000,000 that we carried over into this fiscal 
year. Out of a denominator for this fiscal year, a budget 
approaching $150,000,000,000, and so----
    Ms. Bice. Eight percent.
    Mr. Elnahal. It's a substantial amount. And again, I think 
the point is to make sure that we're well resourced. But 
because of the PACT Act and because of historic care delivery 
rates, we are going to be requesting additional funds. It's 
just not going to be 12,000,000,000 and that's what we're 
working out right now.
    Ms. Bice. Thank you. In the 20 October 2024 report to 
Congress, it was identified that the VA still needs to hire 
about 5,000 additional employees specifically for mental health 
care. Did you hire fewer medical employees this year than 
anticipated?
    Mr. Elnahal. We think we need to hire more employees, 
Congresswoman, than we were able to this fiscal year because we 
had a budget that was tighter just like every other agency 
under the Fiscal Responsibility Act.
    And so that is why we came forward in July saying we know 
we're going to need more employees. This is what we're 
estimating to deliver timely, high-quality care. We still think 
we're going to need about 405,000 employees into the next 
fiscal year, which is higher than what we are currently at 
right now.
    And we again are going to be over indexing. And the vast 
majority of them are going to be frontline clinicians and folks 
directly serving veterans.
    Ms. Bice. Did you slow hiring because of your budgetary 
concerns?
    Mr. Elnahal. We had to, we had to slow hiring. Now, we were 
still thankfully able to maintain better access, good outcomes. 
We're concerned though about our ability to do that if we don't 
get additional funds this fiscal year, which is why we came out 
in July with that request.
    Ms. Bice. Was slower growth in community care because 
providers weren't available to provide the care, such as dental 
or specialty care for the new priority veterans that were 
adopted into the program?
    Mr. Elnahal. So we're dealing, Congresswoman, with 
significant growth in community care year over year. So that's 
the first point. You know, we're talking about 14.8 percent and 
2024 compared to 2023, 18 percent from 2023 to 2024.
    So we're all talking about growth across the board. We were 
able to slow that growth not by impacting eligibility for 
community care or denying community care to veterans, but 
rather by offering more VA options reliably to veterans thanks 
to the hard work of our employees across the system.
    So every time a veteran now qualifies for community care, 
we attempt to also say, here's a telehealth option, here's your 
in-person option, and empower the veteran with the choice. We 
want the veteran in the driver's seat choosing where they get 
care next and if they choose the community when they qualify, 
we have to honor that and we should honor that.
    Ms. Bice. You mentioned at the beginning of your testimony 
that there were 1.7 new enrollees and increased priority 
rankings. What was your estimate for each of those initially?
    Mr. Elnahal. So we were not sure exactly how many veterans 
would take us up on this. So that's a big variable that was 
hard to predict. Right now we're close to 70,000 veterans 
enrolling because of the Section 103 authority alone.
    And we are now well over 800,000 veterans enrolling since 
the PACT Act was signed. And so what's interesting is that if 
you take our most recent data up to where we are in November, 
right Now we're actually 47 percent more enrollments than the 
equivalent period before the PACT Act.
    So if anything, we're potentially accelerating that growth. 
And the fact that we increased priority groups for veterans was 
actually an accelerant to get more veterans qualifying for 
dental care, long-term care, for folks who ended up in the 
highest priority group.
    So that's a whole set of services, some of which, 
especially in long-term care is very costly. But we're still 
going to do it and we're obligated to do it because that's what 
these vets have earned.
    Ms. Bice. And if I just can just with my closing, give a 
shout out to Wade Vlosich, who is the VA director back in 
Oklahoma City, who is doing an absolutely remarkable job of 
making sure that my vets back home are well taken care of. So 
shout out to him.
    And with that, Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Mr. Elnahal. Agree.
    Mr. Carter. Mr. Franklin.
    Mr. Franklin. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you to our 
witnesses for your time here with us today. And I would like to 
echo a lot of the comments my colleagues have already made.
    When you get to the end of the dais a lot of those 
questions that I had originally have been touched on, but it 
also gives me a chance to kind of assimilate and assess kind of 
what I have been hearing. And I really do hope you all 
understand the significance of this.
    I mean, you put us through big hoops to try to get money 
appropriated. Our phones lit up back home. We had veterans 
scared to death thinking they were going to lose all their 
benefits. And it turns out this was all in a big budget screw 
up, really.
    Dr. Elnahal, I do appreciate your comments that we need to 
get it right. You are looking at an outside group to come in 
and help do a review and that it is important to work hard to 
improve the accuracy of these projections. I fully agree with 
you.
    I know you have had service on the private side and the 
public, you know, on the private side, you don't have the 
luxury of missing budgets like that. You just don't. In the 
government, we can always make it up. We just create money out 
of thin air and we press on down the road.
    So it is easier. It is always easier to underestimate and 
have carryover than to miss your budget. And Mr. Jacobs, I get 
it, I understand your point that we can't afford to miss. We're 
certainly not going to leave our veterans hanging. But to say, 
you know, it is a risk we are not willing to take to under 
budget by a dollar and you know, you have made the comment 
about it being prudent management.
    I guess I just want to understand, do you feel that this 
whole episode was prudent management?
    Mr. Jacobs. Congressman, when we identified the updated 
projections that identified the potential need for additional 
money, we had a couple options to make. One, which we chose to 
do was to elevate the risk, to communicate it and to seek the 
funding knowing that if we're even $1 over our spending cap, we 
would have to delay benefits for all nearly seven million 
veterans and survivors.
    Unlike other mandatory programs, we don't have authorities 
to provide such sums as are necessary. And so we're limited by 
that fact. We considered a couple of other options.
    One is we could keep our head down, hope everything worked 
out and pray to God that we didn't exceed the cap and have to 
come to you telling you that we are going to delay payments 
because we know the impact that would have on the customers we 
serve.
    The other option we considered was, okay, maybe we can slow 
down benefits so we don't hit the cap. That's what I assume 
would happen in the private sector. That wasn't an option we 
thought was fitting with a veteran centric ethos of delivering 
more benefits to more veterans.
    And so I'm certainly not happy with the way things turned 
out. In an ideal world, we wouldn't have to come here. I spent 
10 years working in Congress. I worked for an appropriator. I 
know how significant it is to make a request of this nature and 
secure the funding.
    I'm incredibly grateful for you, for everyone, for making 
this happen. And we want to make sure we apply the lessons 
learned moving forward so it doesn't happen again.
    Mr. Franklin. So it sounds like some of the brakes you did 
put on though were reducing the hiring, the pace of hiring 
personnel and the equipment, bringing on new equipment?
    Mr. Jacobs. On the benefits side, we did not. All of the 
funding we're talking about was dollars in the pockets of 
veterans, families and survivors. And I'll defer to Dr. Elnahal 
for----
    Mr. Franklin. I am interested in the equipment purchase 
delays because here it is we are in a new budget year and the 
safe thing to do, if our standard of performance is to never 
screw up and be as safe as possible, are we holding back on 
these equipment purchases now because it is early in the new 
fiscal year and then we may get to the end of this fiscal year 
and we are kind of worried again so we kick the can on down the 
road? What kind of equipment are we talking about and what are 
we suffering by not making these purchases have been 
appropriated?
    Mr. Elnahal. It ranges, Congressmen, from some of the more 
most complex equipment we have at our medical centers. 
Upgrades, maintenance, entirely new equipment to deliver 
complex surgeries and high acuity care to more simple things 
like the rising costs of, you know, CPAPs and home devices that 
veterans need.
    We're anticipating significant cost increases, as is every 
other health care system across the country. And so that is why 
we know we are going to need additional funding.
    Mr. Franklin. So why didn't you, once you got the extra 
appropriation, and then you realized, whoops, we really didn't 
need all that money, why not make end of the year equipment 
purchases instead of rolling it forward? Why not execute the 
things that you thought you were going to do at the beginning 
of the fiscal year?
    Mr. Elnahal. I think, Congressman, what was enacted as a 
supplemental was the veteran's benefits money for compensation.
    I don't know if you want to comment on that, Josh?
    Mr. Franklin. Okay, I understand.
    Mr. Elnahal. Yeah.
    Mr. Franklin. Different pot of money, right?
    Mr. Elnahal. Yeah.
    Mr. Franklin. Got it.
    All right, thanks, Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Mr. Carter. I guess we can have a second round, short.
    So I have a question just popped up. Who's doing the 
external review?
    Mr. Elnahal. We're still trying to secure the folks who are 
going to do that on the outside. It's going to be contract 
based and it's going to look at our budget formulation 
processes.
    And so once we have that available, of course we'll share 
it with the IG, we'll share it with this Committee. We're 
committed to that.
    Mr. Jacobs. And Mr. Chairman, the Inspector General is also 
conducting an independent review of our budget formulation 
process. I believe that's a requirement of the law you enacted.
    Mr. Carter. That is an inside review.
    Mr. Jacobs. Yes, sir.
    Mr. Carter. He is very competent. Very competent.
    Well, with all the issues that we have got that we are not 
getting any information, then AI lies out on the perimeter and 
people are going to start speeding things up.
    I don't know if you thought about that or not, but one of 
the things that, you know, we knew all about this, you knew all 
about this back in July, all right? Now, if I understand AI 
correctly, it's like a, it goes vroom. I mean, it just 
instantly covers every kind of information you ever wanted to 
know, maybe something you didn't want to know. I am totally 
ignorant in what it does.
    But so far I've seen nine or ten people come talk to me 
about getting it, and everything has to do with speed. Speed is 
very important. I think I want you to be, at least be, thinking 
about the fact that you are overwhelmed without speed.
    If you don't get accurate numbers and figure out a way to 
get accurate numbers with speed, then that is going to make it 
even worse. And I fear that for Appropriations too. 
Consistently we are moving money around when we have the 
opportunity to move money around and aren't on a CR. And if we 
speed things up, it is going to be a lot harder to get this 
thing all figured out.
    And I think that is the real reason all of us are saying we 
have got to be kept current. A billion dollars, 1,000,000,000, 
to the American public, is a tremendous amount of money. 
$15,000,000,000 is almost beyond anybody's comprehension. And a 
trillion dollars is beyond anybody's comprehension except the 
people that deal with it.
    So when we start, when you realize that, and I loved what 
he said, what we have to realize is there is nobody staying 
more current on what is going on with the VA than our veterans. 
They pay attention. They belong to organizations that keep them 
informed. And the minute they see something they think might be 
going wrong, they light up the telephones all over this country 
and good for them, you know?
    I made a mistake one time when I was on my first trip 
overseas and I went to Korea and I decided I would be smart and 
hold a town hall meeting with the, woah was that rough. Those 
soldiers, they knew exactly what they wanted to ask me and 
although I appreciate it and I enjoy doing it, but I mean, 
these guys pay attention to these current events because it is 
their livelihood, a lot of them.
    Just like people on Social Security pay attention to that. 
People on Medicare pay attention to that because if something 
goes wrong, they are left out in the cold. And I understand a 
lot of talks going on, but I don't think I can guarantee you 
that I am not going to be standing for anybody trying to 
abolish anybody's anything to do with our Veterans 
Administration.
    And I don't think my colleague is either. We are with you 
110 percent, but keep us informed. And I hope the external 
audit, or whatever you want to call it, is going to give you 
some information about tools you can use because you know, I 
know you are not, we haven't mentioned it, but we are in an 
inflationary period right now. That gives people the ability to 
raise prices above a legitimate value, in some instances, 
because of inflation. I know the cost of this weight loss drug 
because I am using it. It is $1,000 a month. That is a lot of 
money. But I have lost a lot of weight, so I am happy.
    But bottom line is that we have got, medicine is hard to 
deal with, but the shock of a number and the coincidental shock 
of the number right after the presidential election was 
confirmed looked very political, to be honest with you, and 
very concerning to the people on this side of the aisle.
    A day after the change is coming and you people are subject 
to that change and we know that. Those kind of things bring 
politics into it and you shouldn't bring politics into this.
    So I ask you to please, I am not going to have a question, 
I am just going to make a speech. I ask you and if you don't 
then I am going to be really mad. I don't get mad very often, 
but when I do, it is pretty dangerous.
    So please, I'm asking you and then I am going to be over 
there knocking on doors if I don't get the answers.
    I yield back to my friend and colleague, Ms. Wasserman 
Schultz.
    Ms. Wasserman Schultz. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    I just want to make sure I underscore that I am absolutely 
going to be pointing out concerns that arise as a result of the 
decisions of the incoming administration or the projections 
about decisions of the incoming administration that affect our 
veterans. That is our job.
    So when we have a leader, who has been selected by the 
incoming president, who has specifically said that any 
unauthorized program would be recommended for elimination and 
elimination of their funding, it is important to point out 
here, in a public hearing, the impact of that on our veterans, 
which would, as I mentioned, be very significant. There's 
nothing political about that.
    And to just paint a brush and say, well, we didn't do that 
in the last administration. It wasn't proposed in the last 
Administration. It is potentially going to be proposed in this 
one. And if that is the case, as appropriators, we need to be 
aware of that.
    It wouldn't only affect veterans' programs. There are 
hundreds and hundreds of unauthorized items that we fund here. 
And Congress has the power of the purse. So it is not 
political. It is a respect for the system of checks and 
balances and the way the founding fathers established our role 
in the Constitution, which specifically gives Congress the 
power of appropriations and exclusively gives us that role.
    So that having been said, I want to just ask a question 
about women's health because obviously we know women make up 
the fastest growing group of veterans that are enrolled in VA 
health care, but many of their health care needs go 
unaddressed.
    And I know VA has been working to address those problems. 
You have made some progress in hiring gender specific providers 
and addressing harassment at VA facilities.
    Can you talk about that progress in hiring providers that 
specialize in issues like intimate partner violence, military 
sexual trauma, maternity and newborn health services, and what 
more needs to be done? And can the VHA shortfall and where you 
come in around what you are going to need to address funding 
some of those needs?
    Mr. Elnahal. Yes, Madam Ranking Member. Absolutely. We've 
been prioritizing women's health, fastest growing demographic 
by far across the system. Our Office of Women's Health reports 
directly to me, the Undersecretary, and we've been able to 
preserve the support and the resourcing for women's health 
providers even throughout this more difficult budget time.
    In fact, we have specific purpose funding thanks to your 
enabling legislation that requires us to do that. And so that 
funding was distributed in part to retain our essential women's 
health providers throughout last fiscal year, but also to hire 
additional providers.
    And we have the same exact program going into this fiscal 
year that's actually agnostic to whether or not we get this 
money because of how important this is. We need to make sure 
that we are catching up to the demand of increasing numbers of 
women veterans enrolling. We broke a record just this last year 
with more than 50,000 women veterans enrolling in fiscal year 
2024. And we hope that number gets even higher because of our 
targeted outreach.
    Our programming has also only accelerated our women's 
health mini residencies for providers who had not been used to 
seeing women. Historically, there were fewer women in the VA 
and many of our clinicians have been in VA for a long time.
    Our efforts to bring in more gender specific care, more GYN 
specialists, more access to mammograms in the VA, but at the 
very least coordinating breast cancer screening. Maternity care 
coordination, we made a move to provide more coordination for 
women veterans up to a year after birth rather than just eight 
weeks. That was a change we made last fiscal year.
    And we've been much more expansive about how we talk about 
screening and mammograms to women vets across the country. So 
this remains a priority, will remain a priority as long as 
we're here and we can continue to push it.
    Ms. Wasserman Schultz. And the VHA shortfall, is there any 
way that we can address some of the resources being directed to 
address those issues?
    Mr. Elnahal. Absolutely. I think the shortfall, if it's 
filled when we get you all a number, will allow us to net grow 
our full-time employees. And so of course women need the full 
gamut of medical care and they will benefit from increasing 
numbers of physicians, nurses, and other frontline providers 
that will be as essential for women vets as the rest of our 
veteran population.
    But we've been able to preserve our investment in women 
vets even throughout these more difficult budget times.
    Ms. Wasserman Schultz. Good.
    And then Mr. Chairman, again, flagging things is not 
politicizing them, but the incoming administration has not been 
shy about its plan to indiscriminately fire and harass federal 
civilian employees.
    I really want to underscore that doing that will be 
directly attacking veterans. VA has the second largest number 
of civilian employees among all federal agencies, maybe some 
members don't realize that, second only to the Department of 
Defense. It includes VA doctors, nurses, dentists, social 
workers, mental health professionals, pharmacists, people 
working to streamline electronic health records, our cemetery 
caretakers, many others.
    And additionally, when considering the entire federal 
civilian workforce, 30 percent are veterans. So cutting the 
number of civilian employees means cutting healthcare and other 
services for our veterans. So Dr. Elnahal, can you talk more 
about how civilian employees contribute to VA's mission and 
what it would mean if a subsequent administration follows 
through on a plan to reduce the civilian workforce and how that 
would impact our veterans?
    Mr. Elnahal. Well, about a third of our employees, Madame 
Ranking Member, are veterans themselves. So many more have a 
veteran in their lives, a spouse of a veteran, a caregiver, and 
take the mission personally. And where we've increased our 
staff has overwhelmingly been for frontline employees and 
employees carrying out our essential programs like veteran 
homelessness.
    We've been able to bring veteran homelessness to a record 
low since we started measuring it. Because we've been able to 
preserve and staff up on our homelessness program teams in the 
field, we're now offering support and care to more caregivers 
than any time in the history of the VA. About 80,000 caregivers 
benefit from one part of our programming or another.
    And all of this is on the backs of our excellent employees. 
They're the ones executing this mission. And so I'd be 
concerned about broad brush approaches to reducing the 
workforce. That would have to be a very methodical effort. But 
right now we estimate that we're going to need more employees 
and not less.
    Ms. Wasserman Schultz. Right.
    Thank you. And thank you both for your service to our 
nation's veterans.
    I yield back, Mr. Chairman.
    Mr. Carter. Mr. Rutherford.
    Mr. Rutherford. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    And first, let me begin by saying, you know, I represent 
Northeast Florida and Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and I can 
tell you our veterans are very appreciative of the healthcare 
that we receive in Northeast Florida and the attention that 
they get.
    The challenge that we have is our VA Medical Center, the 
closest VA Medical Center is in Gainesville, which is about a 
little over an hour away. So our VA health care clinics like 
the Leo C. Chase CBOC down in St. Augustine, very important to 
us because of the distances to the other facilities.
    We have got a little situation. I am going to get a little 
parochial here, but we have got a little situation where I 
think, because of their upfront folks, the numbers are not 
there. They are short staffed is what I am hearing that the 
phones are being rolled over to the Villages Clinic for 
answering.
    And what that's doing is a lot of our veterans who access 
them by phone normally looking to get those community care 
referrals and things, they get sent down to this clinic down 
there just for the phone answering. And either they never get 
the message back at the CBOC or the people that they are 
talking to down in the Villages Clinic can't help them.
    And so they are not getting the service, obviously, because 
of this phone transfer system. I am sure it is happening 
probably all over the place. So my question is, what can we do 
to help hire those frontline people that really, I mean, that 
is the door in. And so, you know, do you, do you hire through 
staffing agencies? Have you tried that? Is there, you know, 
what can we do to get these offices manned?
    Mr. Elnahal. So I did get a heads up, Congressman, about 
your concern on the St. Augustine CBOC and the call center. I 
conferred with our network director over VISN8, which is 
Florida, this morning, and he told me that we'll have at least 
two new members of the call center team at the St. Augustine 
that will serve the St. Augustine CBOC within the next couple 
of months by the end of January.
    Right now it's being diverted to the Villages Call Center 
because they do have the capacity to be able to take these 
calls, but you prefer to have folks who are closer to where the 
veteran gets that care and has personal relationships, ideally 
with the clinicians delivering that care, which is why VISN8 is 
going to staff up.
    So that's a concern we'll follow very closely. And more 
generally, Congressman, this is why we are coming forward with 
a supplemental funding request for VHA. The more resources we 
have, the more frontline employees, like our essential call 
center employees who are serving vets every single day to be 
able to meet that need.
    So yes, this is not only an issue in your area of the 
country. We need more medical support assistance and call 
center employees. That's part of where, if we do get the 
supplemental funding, that's part of where it will go.
    Mr. Rutherford. Did I understand you correctly that you 
missed it by two percent on the salaries and benefits and 
that's a billion dollars, right?
    Mr. Elnahal. Yeah. So in general, we stayed actually about 
$240,000,000 below what the enacted budget requires overall. 
When it comes to a big variable about why our estimate was off, 
as of July, we estimated the cost per FTE to be about $158,000 
per clinician. That's skewed quite high because of the number 
of physicians we have.
    Mr. Rutherford. You were two percent off?
    Mr. Elnahal. Yeah. And we were two percent off. We 
ultimately, that number came down to 155,000 as of the end of 
September. And when we got that data, that two percent 
difference translated, when you over 400,000 employees to be a 
very high dollar amount in the absolute terms.
    Mr. Rutherford. Yeah. Thank you. Thank you all doing a good 
job. Thanks.
    Mr. Elnahal. Thank you.
    Mr. Carter. Both of you were well informed and informed us 
well. We appreciate it. We appreciate it very much. You 
communicated well with us today and we are asking for it to be 
communicated well either by when we write you a letter or 
whatever with the kind of information you have given us.
    So thank you. Thank you for what you've done. And remember, 
we all are here to support the veterans of our country. And 
there is no one on this Committee that is trying to do anything 
to wipe out our veterans or the veteran care. And we will be 
soldiers in the field fighting on your behalf if something like 
that comes along.
    And I will remind anybody that so far I haven't found any 
agency that is authorized. Maybe somebody knows one, but I 
can't think, the State Department is not authorized. There's a 
lot of people who aren't authorized. The Defense Department is 
not authorized. It is kind of an amateur's, no offense, an 
amateur's comment about the government.
    We could spend about two or three sessions authorizing 
people if we wanted to. We probably should, just to get back in 
the real world, but you are talking about just about the whole 
government is not now not authorized. So that's another 
politics I am trying to point out.
    Listen, thank you very much for doing this. And I remind 
the members, if you have any questions you want to submit, 
submit them to us within seven days to the Subcommittee. And 
with that, we thank you very much for your time.
    The Subcommittee is adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 11:41 a.m., the Subcommittee was adjourned.]
    [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    
                           W I T N E S S E S

                              ----------                              
                                                                   Page

Elnahal, Shereef.................................................     5
    Prepared statement...........................................     9
Jacobs, Josh.....................................................    17
    Prepared statement...........................................     9

                                  [all]