[House Hearing, 118 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                   EXAMINING THE POLICIES AND PRIORITIES
                    OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
                             HUMAN SERVICES

=======================================================================

                                HEARING

                               BEFORE THE

                COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND THE WORKFORCE
                     U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                    ONE HUNDRED EIGHTEENTH CONGRESS

                             SECOND SESSION

                               __________



              HEARING HELD IN WASHINGTON, DC, MAY 15, 2024

                               __________

                           Serial No. 118-50

                               __________

  Printed for the use of the Committee on Education and the Workforce
  
[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]  


        Available via: edworkforce.house.gov or www.govinfo.gov
        
                                __________

                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
59-983 PDF                  WASHINGTON : 2025                  
          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------     
      
                COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND THE WORKFORCE

               VIRGINIA FOXX, North Carolina, Chairwoman

JOE WILSON, South Carolina           ROBERT C. ``BOBBY'' SCOTT, 
GLENN THOMPSON, Pennsylvania             Virginia,
TIM WALBERG, Michigan                  Ranking Member
GLENN GROTHMAN, Wisconsin            RAUL M. GRIJALVA, Arizona
ELISE M. STEFANIK, New York          JOE COURTNEY, Connecticut
RICK W. ALLEN, Georgia               GREGORIO KILILI CAMACHO SABLAN,
JIM BANKS, Indiana                     Northern Mariana Islands
JAMES COMER, Kentucky                FREDERICA S. WILSON, Florida
LLOYD SMUCKER, Pennsylvania          SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon
BURGESS OWENS, Utah                  MARK TAKANO, California
BOB GOOD, Virginia                   ALMA S. ADAMS, North Carolina
LISA McCLAIN, Michigan               MARK DeSAULNIER, California
MARY MILLER, Illinois                DONALD NORCROSS, New Jersey
MICHELLE STEEL, California           PRAMILA JAYAPAL, Washington
RON ESTES, Kansas                    SUSAN WILD, Pennsylvania
JULIA LETLOW, Louisiana              LUCY McBATH, Georgia
KEVIN KILEY, California              JAHANA HAYES, Connecticut
AARON BEAN, Florida                  ILHAN OMAR, Minnesota
ERIC BURLISON, Missouri              HALEY M. STEVENS, Michigan
NATHANIEL MORAN, Texas               TERESA LEGER FERNANDEZ, New Mexico
LORI CHAVEZ-DeREMER, Oregon          KATHY MANNING, North Carolina
BRANDON WILLIAMS, New York           FRANK J. MRVAN, Indiana
ERIN HOUCHIN, Indiana                JAMAAL BOWMAN, New York
VACANCY

                       Cyrus Artz, Staff Director
              Veronique Pluviose, Minority Staff Director
                                 ------                                
                         
                         
                         C  O  N  T  E  N  T  S

                              ----------                              
                                                                   Page

Hearing held on May 15, 2024.....................................     1

                           OPENING STATEMENTS

    Foxx, Hon. Virginia, Chairwoman, Committee on Education and 
      the Workforce..............................................     1
        Prepared statement of....................................     4
    Scott, Hon. Robert C. ``Bobby'', Ranking Member, Committee on 
      Education and the Workforce................................     6
        Prepared statement of....................................     9

                               WITNESSES

    Becerra, Xavier, Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and 
      Human Services.............................................    11
        Prepared statement of....................................    13

                         ADDITIONAL SUBMISSIONS

    Chairwoman Foxx:
        Letter dated May 15, 2024, from Associated Builders and 
          Contractors (ABC)......................................   118
    Houchin, Hon. Erin, a Representative in Congress from the 
      State of Indiana:
        Article dated April 2, 2024, from The Center for Public 
          Integrity..............................................   108
    Takano, Hon. Mark, a Representative in Congress from the 
      State of California:
        Document dated May 2024, titled ``Professional 
          Organization's Position Statements on Care for 
          Transgender People''...................................    32
        Document dated May 2024, titled ``Care for Transgender 
          Youth and Adults: Evidence Compilation''...............    51

                        QUESTIONS FOR THE RECORD

    Responses to questions submitted for the record by:
        Secretary Becerra........................................   119

 
                 EXAMINING THE POLICIES AND PRIORITIES
                     OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
                             HUMAN SERVICES

                              ----------                              


                        Wednesday, May 15, 2024

                  House of Representatives,
          Committee on Education and The Workforce,
                                                    Washington, DC.
    The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:16 a.m., in 
Room 2175, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Virginia Foxx, 
(Chairwoman of the Committee) presiding.
    Present: Representatives Foxx, Thompson, Walberg, Grothman, 
Allen, Banks, Owens, Good, Miller, Kiley, Bean, Burlison, 
Moran, Chavez-DeRemer, Williams, Houchin, Scott, Courtney, 
Bonamici, Takano, Adams, DeSaulnier, Norcross, Jayapal, Wild, 
McBath, Hayes, Omar, Leger Fernandez, and Manning.
    Staff present: Cyrus Artz, Staff Director; Nick Barley, 
Deputy Communications Director; Mindy Barry, General Counsel; 
Isabel Foster, Press Assistant; Daniel Fuenzalida, Staff 
Assistant; Sheila Havenner, Director of Information Technology; 
Amy Raaf Jones, Director of Education and Human Services 
Policy; Alex Knorr, Legislative Assistant; Georgie Littlefair, 
Clerk; CJ Mahler, Professional Staff Member; John Martin, 
Deputy Director of Workforce Policy/Counsel; Hannah Matesic, 
Deputy Staff Director; Audra McGeorge, Communications Director; 
Rebecca Powell, Staff Assistant; Ian Prince, Professional Staff 
Member; Heather Wadyka, Professional Staff Member; Seth Waugh, 
Director of Workforce Policy; Maura Williams, Director of 
Operations; Brittany Alston, Minority Operations Assistant; 
Ilana Brunner, Minority General Counsel; Theresa Tilling-
Thompson, Minority Professional Staff; Scott Estrada, Minority 
Professional Staff; Stephanie Lalle, Minority Communications 
Director; Veronique Pluviose, Minority Staff Director; Andre 
Lindsay, Minority Professional Staff; Daniel Foster, Minority 
Senior Health and Labor Counsel; Dhrtvan Sherman, Minority 
Research Assistant; Ellie Berenson, Minority Press Assistant; 
Banyon Vassar, Minority Director of IT; Carrie Hughes, Minority 
Director of Health & Human Services Policy; and Jessica 
Schieder, Minority Economic Policy Advisor.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Good morning. The Committee on Education 
and Workforce will come to order. I note that a quorum is 
present. Without objection, the Chair is authorized to call a 
recess at any time. Good morning again and welcome. Thank you 
everyone for joining us to conduct the Committee's yearly 
oversight of the budget request for the Department of Health 
and Human Services, HHS.
    I am pleased to note that this is the final Committee 
hearing with a cabinet level official slated for this Congress. 
At the beginning of the 118th when I took the gavel, I promised 
to make oversight a top priority. Over this time, the Committee 
has operated with the utmost respect and scrutiny toward every 
hard-earned taxpayer dollar spent by this administration.
    Therefore, Secretary Becerra, it is only fitting that the 
committee's last cabinet level oversight hearing this Congress 
deals with one of the biggest department budget requests in 
history. For starters, this budget has an eye-popping top line 
of 1.84 trillion dollars.
    When I saw the mandatory spending numbers of 1.7 trillion, 
I could not help but think of it as an albatross upon the necks 
of young Americans. I have been in Congress long enough to know 
that there are few things more permanent than mandatory 
spending. The proposed spending in this budget represents an 8-
percent increase over the Fiscal Year 202024 enacted level, 
which more than doubles year-over-year inflation.
    This unsustainable rate of spending is baked in as a 
function, a mandatory obligation, and the aging population. 
Today, there are more 64-year-olds than 4 year olds in this 
Nation. I think that is something worth repeating. Today there 
are more 64-year-olds than 4 year olds in this Nation.
    Every day 11,000 more reach 65, with only 10,000 children 
born. These statistics are an anomaly that would be foreign to 
any other point in American history. What is more, the American 
healthcare system is too expensive, complex and inefficient for 
what we get. We spend nearly 18 percent of our GDP on 
healthcare, whereas other developed countries spend much less.
    Rather than investing in innovation, and empowering 
employers to lower costs, this administration is hell bent on 
shouldering the employer sponsored health plans with burdensome 
and costly regulations. For these reasons, 1.84 trillion is not 
simply a number, it is a story.
    It is a demographic and fiscal catastrophe smuggled into 
the enormous top line of this budget. It is the legacy of older 
generations, and it is the inheritance of younger ones. While 
unfathomable, it is not going to hold a candle to future HHS 
budgets if we do not get spending in check.
    Furthermore, each dollar proposed in this budget represents 
a policy priority. Again, the burden of HHS's partisan agenda 
is going to fall heaviest on younger generations, which is made 
clear by some notable exclusions in the budget. Nowhere does 
the budget contain the word fentanyl, save one instance in a 
footnote. Fentanyl overdose is the leading cause of death for 
Americans 18 to 45.
    More than car crashes, cancer, and suicides combined. The 
budget does nothing to address it. Nowhere does this budget 
mention the Biden border catastrophe that not only fuels the 
Fentanyl epidemic, but also child trafficking. Under your watch 
the Office of Refugee Resettlement transferred 85,000 
unaccompanied minors to sponsors who were unable to be reached 
upon followup.
    These migrant children are effectively lost. Nowhere does 
this budget support the longstanding Hyde Amendment, one of the 
greatest protections for America's youngest and most 
vulnerable. In forcing taxpayers to fund abortions, HHS is 
trampling on the rights of the unborn, and religious Americans.
    Finally, nowhere does this budget contemplate the negative 
effects of transgender surgeries on minors. Instead, it funds 
them. In 2022, HHS issued guidance stating that ``Gender 
affirming care,'' improves ``physical and mental health,`` 
despite citing zero research or studies. The lack of scientific 
evidence supporting these procedures is an absolute scandal.
    In an ideal world the HHS budget would represent a positive 
vision for a healthier country. Yours is a tax and spend 
monstrosity that papers over the numerous social pathologies 
inflicting our Nation. Fentanyl abuse, child trafficking, 
abortion on demand and genital mutilation, to name a few. 
Secretary Becerra, a chasm separates Republicans and Democrats 
on these issues, but I do not expect to reach an agreement 
today on many of them.
    I propose we work together for the remainder of your tenure 
toward our shared goals. The Lower Cost More Transparency Act, 
which passed the House by a wide bipartisan margin of 320 to 
71, would be a great place to start. Whereas, Medicare price 
controls are polarizing, we can find common ground in price 
transparency.
    We should also work together toward expanding telehealth 
benefit access to Americans, especially those in rural areas. 
Although I appreciate the budget calling for a ban on facility 
fees in telehealth, it worries me that this administration has 
not made it a priority to restore employer's ability to offer 
telehealth accepted benefits.
    Last, we can do better to coordinate the implementation of 
the No Surprises Act, to ensure it aligns with congressional 
intent. While the law has successfully protected millions of 
patients from receiving a surprise medical bill, the tri-
agency's implementation of the independent dispute resolution 
process has been a disaster.
    I worry it will only drive up healthcare costs further. It 
is my hope that Congress and the White House can come together 
and craft their responsible budget for Fiscal Year 202025 that 
addresses these concerns. As for my other concerns with the 
general direction of the HHS, you will get to answer for those 
today. With that, Secretary Becerra, I look forward to your 
testimony, and I yield to the Ranking Member for an opening 
statement.
    [The statement of Chairwoman Foxx follows:]
   [GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]    

    Mr. Scott. Thank you, Madam Chair, Secretary Becerra, good 
morning. Thank you for being with us today. It is always a 
pleasure to welcome you back to the Committee. You are familiar 
with this room, not only from your previous appearances before 
as Secretary, but because you and I started our congressional 
careers right here in this room over 30 years ago.
    It is great to see you back on Capitol Hill and I thank you 
for your dedication to public service. Under your leadership, 
the Department of Health and Human Services has made historic 
progress in helping workers and their families access quality, 
affordable care. Last Congress, congressional Democrats passed 
the American Rescue Plan Act without a single Republican vote.
    That law enhanced premium tax credits to lower monthly 
costs for low-income Americans, especially by eliminating the 
subsidy cliffs, so that more individuals could get coverage and 
get help getting coverage. We also passed the Inflation 
Reduction Act, which was enacted into law to extend the tax 
credit enhancements, cap the cost of insulin for people on 
Medicare, and for the first time ever, direct the Federal 
Government to negotiate lower prices for prescriptive drugs 
covered by Medicare.
    These decisive actions yielded positive results. For 
example, during the 2024 open enrollment period a record 21.4 
million Americans signed up for the Affordable Care Act 
coverage. That is not all, just last week the administration 
took further steps to improve access to coverage by announcing 
a final rule that would expand healthcare coverage to dreamers.
    We also know that protecting our Nation's health goes 
beyond improving access to health insurance. Recently, the 
department updated several regulations that will improve the 
lives of workers and their families. For example, the updated 
Section 504 regulations will protect disabled individuals from 
discrimination in programs that receive Federal funding through 
HHS.
    This will ensure that people with disabilities have equal 
access to quality care and are treated fairly in systems that 
are supposed to protect their health and welfare of all 
Americans. Additionally, the department issued a number of 
final regulations that support the healthcare workforce, 
seniors in nursing homes, and people with disabilities who rely 
on Medicaid.
    Taken together, these rules will work to improve access to 
and quality of healthcare. Unfortunately, my colleagues on the 
other side of the aisle frequently talk about their commitment 
to our Nation's health and safety, but they have not backed up 
their words with actions.
    For example, my colleagues may talk about the child labor 
problems today, however the reality is that Republican State 
legislators in many states across the country are working to 
reverse child worker protection laws, and despite our multiple 
requests for a hearing on this persistent and growing problem, 
the majority of this Committee has yet to schedule a hearing, 
or advance legislation to advance child labor violations.
    Moreover, we have seen Republicans attempt to sabotage 
quality healthcare coverage and undermine access to healthcare 
and other services that our constituents need. They restrict or 
criminalize a woman's access to abortion, jeopardizing the 
health of women, and work against the necessary care that 
supports the health of transgender individuals.
    Despite these efforts, congressional Democrats and the 
Biden administration will continue working to lower 
prescriptive drug prices, strengthen the ACA and improve 
transparency for healthcare consumers. Many Democrats remain 
focused on helping this administration build on our progress to 
expand access to care for our most vulnerable communities, 
lower the costs of quality care, and meet the changing 
healthcare needs of workers and their families.
    The Biden's administration's proposed investments 
underscore your commitment to protecting the health and well-
being of every American, and so Secretary Becerra, thank you 
for your work, and thank you for joining us today, and I look 
forward to the discussion. I yield back.
    [The statement of Ranking Member Scott follows:]
    [GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]    

    Chairwoman Foxx. Thank you, Mr. Scott. Pursuant to 
Committee Rule 8-C, all members who wish to insert written 
statements into the record may do so by submitting them to the 
Committee Clerk electronically in Microsoft Word format by 5 
p.m., 14 days after the date of this hearing, which is May 29, 
2024.
    Without objecting, the hearing record will remain open for 
14 days to allow such statements and other extraneous material 
referenced during the hearing to be submitted for the official 
hearing record. I now turn to the introduction of our witness. 
We have as our witness, Secretary Xavier Becerra, from the U.S. 
Department of Health and Human Services located in Washington, 
DC.
    We thank you for being here today and look forward to your 
testimony. I'd like to remind the witness that we have read 
your written statement, which will appear in full in the 
hearing record. Pursuant to Committee Rule 8-D and Committee 
practice, I ask that you limit your oral presentation to a 5-
minute summary of your written statement, and I would like to 
remind the witness to be aware of his responsibility to provide 
accurate information to this Committee. I now recognize 
Secretary Becerra.

STATEMENT OF HON. XAVIER BECERRA SECRETARY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF 
          HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, WASHINGTON, D.C.

    Secretary Becerra. Chairwoman Foxx, Ranking Member Scott 
and members of the Committee, thank you for the invitation to 
discuss the President's 2025 budget for the Department of 
Health and Human Services. Let me place this 2025 budget in 
context.
    When President Biden took office in January 2021, COVID was 
ravaging our families and our economy, Americans were dying at 
the rate of two or three 9/11s every day. Let me repeat that. 
Every day the sum total of two to three 9/11s was taking the 
lives of Americans in this country because of COVID.
    In January 2021, the number of Americans with health 
insurance was, like our jobs and the economy, down and on the 
canvas. Prescription drug prices were skyrocketing, with 
patients and their pocketbooks at the mercy of big pharma and 
its profits. We changed that. Today, 3 years later, nearly 700 
million shots of COVID vaccines have gone into the arms of 
Americans.
    COVID is still around, but we can now manage it like the 
flu. Today more than 300 million Americans, a record number, 
can go to the doctor and hospital and not go bankrupt because 
they have their own health insurance. More than 46 million of 
those 300 million Americans count on the Affordable Care Act 
for their insurance, another record.
    Today, while big pharma is still big, the President's new 
prescription drug law has brought down the price of insulin to 
$35.00 per month for Americans on Medicare. As we speak, we are 
in negotiations with those big drug companies to lower the 
prices of even more prescription drugs, even as they sue us to 
stop us.
    The President's budget doubles down on the investments that 
made the comeback of our jobs, our economy, and our health 
possible. It does not just protect Medicare. It strengthens it 
beyond our lifetime. This budget lays out a vision for a nation 
that invests in its most vulnerable, fosters innovation, and 
protects every American's access to the care she needs.
    Perhaps most importantly, it continues our shift from a 
health system that treats illness to one that sustains 
wellness. All told, the Fiscal Year 202025 budget proposes 130 
billion dollars in discretionary, and 1.7 trillion dollars in 
mandatory funding to advance our mission and invest in key 
priorities. Let me share some of those highlights.
    The budget provides Medicaid-like coverage to low-income 
individuals in the outlier states that have not expanded 
Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act. When that happens, 
another 1.5 million of our fellow Americans will secure 
healthcare coverage, and the peace of mind that comes with it.
    This budget builds on the largest investment in behavioral 
health in a generation. It bolsters a 988 suicide and crisis 
lifeline. It gives young people support at home and in school. 
The President's investments in behavioral health workforce 
would add 12,000 new psychiatrists, psychologists, clinical 
social workers, marriage and family therapists, counselors, and 
peer support specialists at a time when their services are 
desperately needed.
    Across HHS, the budget tackles the maternal health crisis 
by improving access to pre-and post-natal care, supporting 
emergency care services, and expanding maternal care in rural 
and underserved communities. We are also making childcare more 
affordable for working families, and more available where 
families live and work.
    This budget would fund more than 750,000 slots for our 
children in Head Start and provide universal preschool for our 
Nation's four million 4-year-old children, and eventually 
include our 3-year-olds as well. Our budget grows and 
strengthens our cybersecurity initiatives to ensure patient 
safety and privacy, and to keep our hospitals and providers, 
especially smaller ones, those in rural communities, running 
and secure.
    Finally, this budget further advances our preparedness 
efforts by investing in counter measures to combat biological 
threats, and antimicrobial resistant germs by expanding our 
monitoring of supply chains, and by improving information 
sharing across Federal, State and local governments.
    We cannot reduce the health and well-being of Americans to 
a line on a budget spreadsheet, but we can transform the 
numbers on that balance sheet into real investments, and 
services that sustain health and promote wellness for all 
Americans. That is what this 2025 budget by President Biden 
does.
    I thank you for the time, I look forward to taking your 
questions.
    [The prepared statement of Secretary Becerra follows:]
   [GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]    

    Chairwoman Foxx. Thank you, Mr. Secretary. Under Committee 
Rule 9, we will now question the witness under the 5-minute 
rule. I ask members to keep your questions succinct, so the 
witness has time to answer. I recognize myself for 5 minutes of 
questioning.
    Mr. Secretary, this Committee's efforts helped lead to the 
passage of the historic No Surprises Act, however the law's 
independent dispute resolution process has been mired in 
litigation, delays and faulty implementation. Data shows that 
77 percent of disputes are ruled in favor of providers, and the 
Brookings Institute now anticipates that the IDR process will 
raise costs and premiums, contrary to the law's goals.
    What is HHS doing to improve the operations of the IDR 
process under the No Surprises Act? Are you concerned that the 
law's current implementation will raise healthcare costs for 
employers and employees?
    Secretary Becerra. Madam Chair, thank you for the question. 
You are right, because there was a mad rush to try to make this 
independent dispute resolution process work, I think we saw 
that the gates got overcrowded, and as a result we saw that 
there were delays.
    The arbitrators were wondering if they were going to get 
paid. There were a limited number of arbitrators. We think most 
of that has now sort of settled. We are now beginning to see 
that the cases that are coming through are eligible to be 
processed through this dispute resolution process. Initially in 
that first year we saw scores of these cases that were 
ineligible, and of course it took time.
    Since an arbitrator only gets paid for a case that is 
actually adjudicated and completed, arbitrators were getting 
very unhappy because they were having to adjudicate claims that 
did not go anywhere.
    Chairwoman Foxx. We are very concerned about the increased 
costs, so what are you going to do about that?
    Secretary Becerra. By having been able to essentially scrub 
the system so that it now is much more efficient, so that the 
claims that come in will have an opportunity to go before an 
arbitrator. We are beginning to see them run a little faster. 
Because the courts have given us a little more guidance on how 
they wish to see us interpret the law, it should go faster as 
well.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Thank you. I am concerned about our 
regulatory overreach by HHS over self-insured health plans. The 
recent notice of benefit and payment parameters final rule, and 
the Section 1557 nondiscrimination in health programs and 
activities final rule saddles self-insured health plans with 
new Obamacare regulations.
    Under current law, self-funded plans are not subject to 
Section 1557 are regulated by the Department of Labor. Will you 
confirm that it is HHS policy that self-insured health plans 
are not subject to HHS regulation, and will you commit to 
abandoning any unlawful HHS efforts to regulate self-insured 
health plans.
    Secretary Becerra. Madam Chair, let me make sure I give you 
accurate information, because we have seen an evolution there. 
I do not want to give you an answer that is not complete, so if 
it is okay, let me followup with you to give you the precise 
answer.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Okay. We would like that answer right 
away. No delays please.
    Secretary Becerra. I commit to giving you that.
    Chairwoman Foxx. I would like to ask about parental rights 
in the Head Start program. The Head Start statute goes out of 
its way to describe parent and family engagement in Head Start 
services. In the Department's recent Head Start Workforce 
proposed rule there is even language that claims to ensure, 
``Programs are consulting and engaging with current parents and 
families to be involved in the methods the program uses.''
    However, the proposed rule strikes from current regulation 
the requirement that parent consent--parental consent be 
obtained for mental health consultation. What is the Office of 
Head Start trying to hide? Does HHS intend to complete mental 
health consultations on children without parental consent?
    Secretary Becerra. Madam Chair, there is nothing that's 
being hidden. What we are trying to make sure we do is provide 
the services that are important for any child in the Head Start 
program. We want to make sure that whether it is ensuring the 
physical safety a child, we are also addressing any mental 
health concerns. We can also followup with you if you have 
particular concerns with some of the language, but I can 
guarantee that what is going on in this rule on Head Start 
proposed rule is the best interests of the child.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Well, we will see, but we think that needs 
to be clarified, and that you are not giving mental health 
consultations on children without parental consent. With that, 
I yield, and I recognize Mr. Courtney for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Courtney. Thank you, Madam Chairwoman, and again, Mr. 
Secretary, it is good to see you in the people's house, your 
real home, in Washington. Again, I would just like to begin my 
questions by noting the fact that your department's Medicare 
Board of Trustees just issued its 2024 solvency report about a 
week ago, which was really nothing short of astonishing.
    In 2023 the Trustees projected that Medicare would run into 
solvency issues in 2031. Again, a week ago they pushed that out 
by 5 years to 2036. Again, that is partly because we have such 
a strong job market, and stock market, the revenue that is 
coming into the program is much stronger than anyone expected.
    Also, the report noted that the Inflation Reduction Act is 
expected to lower Part B drug spending by about 9 percent 
starting in 2028. Again, you mentioned the price negotiation, 
which is again, very much going to help patients, but this 
report suggests that this actually is going to address the 
question of Medicare solvency for not just seniors, but working 
age Americans and young people. Is that correct?
    Secretary Becerra. That is correct. The Inflation Reduction 
Act is working, just as you all thought it might.
    Mr. Courtney. In your testimony you noted that the 2025 
budget included legislative proposals, which again, would use 
that drug negotiation authority to even further strengthen the 
Medicare trust fund. Again, I think the term was that it would 
basically, you know, make it solvent for the long-term future.
    Secretary Becerra. For our lifetimes. Beyond our lifetimes.
    Mr. Courtney. Can you talk about that a little bit because 
I really think that is something that for people who really 
question the solvency of these programs, is really a profound 
statement.
    Secretary Becerra. Yes. It is not rocket science. You just 
have to be willing to invest your dollars and your savings that 
you incur from having better programs in healthcare back into 
the healthcare system. As a result of what President Biden is 
proposing with the legislation you all passed, to help us 
negotiate down the prices of prescription drugs, you pump that 
money back into the system and guess what?
    Now you guaranteed the strength of the Medicare system 
beyond our lifetimes.
    Mr. Courtney. Mr. Scott, along with his colleagues on the 
Energy and Commerce Committee and the Ways and Means Committee 
introduced a measure The Lowering Drugs Costs for American 
Families Act, which again would take the benefits of that price 
negotiation, and actually make it available to the rest of the 
country in terms of employer-based plans, or individual market 
plans. Again, that was in the bill when we passed the measure 
in the House, and unfortunately did not make it through the 
Senate. Again, can you sort of talk about again, the 
department's perspective on this because really this is about 
lowering drug costs for everyone.
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman, as you recall from the 
President's State of the Union Address, he is right where you 
are, and where Congressman Scott is. He would like to see the 
benefits we see for Medicare recipients, and lower drug costs, 
expanded to include every American. There is no reason why only 
Americans who are in the Medicare program should get $35.00 or 
less insulin. Why should not every American get it? He is very 
supportive of this effort to expand access to more affordable 
prescription drugs to all Americans.
    Mr. Courtney. One other sort of ripple effect of again, the 
department's work in terms of prescription drugs is that some 
of the drug manufacturers have almost kind of been shamed into 
announcing that they want to actually lower the price of 
insulin and inhalers, you know, for Americans.
    Again, I mean I think it is creating a virtuous sort of, 
you know, environment where again, it is encouraging and 
realizing that for people who sell into this market, you know, 
they really--it is not sustainable to overcharge people based 
on their age. Again, can you talk about, you know, again that--
again really non-mandatory, but still beneficial impact of the 
Inflation Reduction Act.
    Secretary Becerra. Once again, when you make it so that the 
drug companies have to actually negotiate on prices versus just 
dictate to the American people what the American people must 
pay, you inject a little competition and guess what? You get to 
lower prices. I keep telling folks that competition is as 
American as apple pie.
    What we are doing in the prescription drug space is saying 
companies, let us negotiate, get the best price because we have 
a right to be competitive for the seniors on Medicare, and for 
every American to get good prices, so we are not paying two or 
three times the price for medication here in the U.S. above 
what others pay around the world.
    Mr. Courtney. As someone who suffers from seasonal 
allergies, I was really excited about the inhaler development, 
so again, thank you for your great work, and again, lowering 
costs for Americans. I yield back.
    Mr. Walberg [presiding]. The gentleman yields back. I now 
recognize the gentleman from Pennsylvania, Mr. Thompson.
    Mr. Thompson. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Secretary, it is 
good to see you. As you may know I spent nearly three decades 
in healthcare, as a therapist, rehabilitation services manager, 
and licensed nursing administrator prior to being elected to 
Congress. I served patients from rural communities throughout 
central Pennsylvania during that time and learned that the 
barriers that these communities face in accessing quality, 
affordable healthcare.
    While I appreciated your stated goals of expanding coverage 
and access, the care that you detailed in your testimony, your 
Agency's recently finalized rule establishing minimum staffing 
requirements for nursing homes seems to fly in the face of 
these goals. Mr. Secretary, do you believe that nursing homes 
across the country today have enough staff to meet their 
current needs?
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman first, thank you for the 
work that you did in this space because it is obviously 
essential for so many families. There is obviously something 
going on within the nursing home industry where while they 
represent about less than one-third of 1 percent of all 
Americans living in nursing homes, when COVID hit we saw 20 
percent of people dying living in nursing homes.
    That disparity shows that there is something going on.
    Mr. Thompson. Well, Mr. Secretary, I will say that was 
because of one of the huge contributing factors to that was bad 
policy by Governors like my former Governor who required that 
the readmission of nursing home residents diagnosed with COVID 
back into these populations, it was--many of these people died 
as a result of bad public policy that was put forward.
    I mean, but getting back to my original question, do you 
believe that nursing homes across the country today have enough 
staff to meet the current needs? Yes or no?
    Secretary Becerra. I believe that too many of these long-
term care facilities are not providing the staffing. In fact, 
the comments we received to our rule made it clear when people 
are talking about having five CNAs, certified nurse assistants 
available for 55 residents, clearly that is not enough.
    When people are talking about a resident had a stroke and 
was on the floor for more than 15 minutes because it was 
breakfast time, not enough staff knew, and it was not until 
they were collecting the food trays that they discovered there 
was this person on the floor who had suffered from a stroke, 
clearly there are not sufficient numbers of qualified people.
    Mr. Thompson. Obviously, I keep close contact obviously, 
having worked with older adults, and specifically everything in 
the past including that. I think perhaps the only former 
licensed nurse administrator between the House and the Senate. 
I may be wrong about that, but I think that may be accurate.
    It is certainly not what I have heard from nearly every 
provider in my District. I would encourage you to engage with 
these providers more closely to learn about current conditions 
on the round. It is important for Federal agencies to engage 
with local providers and stakeholders, and I would encourage 
you to do more of that, certainly in the future.
    According to your Department's own estimates under the 
proposed staffing minimums, nursing homes around the country 
would need to hire nearly 13,000 registered nurses and 76,000 
nursing assistants. That is actually where I started my career, 
working as a nursing assistant, as I worked my way through my 
undergraduate degree.
    Can you certify here today that not one senior across the 
country will lose access to care as a result of this proposal?
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman, what I can certify is that 
one single American, your loved one, my loved one is going to 
go into a nursing home, we are going to try to make sure that 
they are provided with safe, quality care because there will be 
the staff necessary to provide that care.
    Mr. Thompson. Well yes, but in terms of access, having 
available facilities are still open is an incredibly important 
part of that. Do you believe that nursing homes in rural areas 
that already face staffing shortages will be forced to close 
their doors, or drastically reduce the number of seniors that 
they serve if this minimum staffing mandate takes effect?
    Secretary Becerra. The rule takes into consideration rural 
health facilities and nursing homes facilities, as well as 
smaller nursing home facilities. We provide them with a longer 
transition time to adopt these new rules. We also provide them 
with a hardship exemption. They can show that it would be tough 
for them to meet the standards, they have more time.
    We have listened to a lot of the facilities, and especially 
those in rural communities, and those that are small.
    Mr. Thompson. in terms of listening, how do you expect 
nursing homes to pay for the costs of implementing this rule, 
which your agency estimates will cost between 1.5 billion to 
6.8 billion to fully implement?
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman, the way I ask the question 
is what kind of operation do you have now if you are saying you 
do not have the people you need to provide quality care to the 
people who are your residents? What we are simply saying is you 
should have a minimum level. We are not telling them they have 
to hire more than that, we are just saying have a minimum 
level, so you do not have the situation as occurred in Ohio 
where an individual who was in a nursing home was suffering 
from a wound.
    Because they did not get wound care, and diaper changes and 
feeding, ultimately that wound became a bedsore. That bedsore 
then got to the bone and ultimately led to death.
    Mr. Thompson. Having worked many years in nursing homes, 
both as a delivering that care, and as an administrator, I 
certainly understand that, but also understand that when you 
are dictating and mandating from Washington without bringing 
the people to the table that provide the care, what you are 
doing is actually creating a decrease in access to care at a 
time when our population is aging.
    Thankfully most people age with dignity and do not go on to 
a nursing home.
    Mr. Walberg. The gentleman's time has expired. I now 
recognize the gentlelady from Oregon, Ms. Bonamici.
    Ms. Bonamici. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Welcome back to the 
committee, Mr. Secretary. Nice to see you. Thank you for 
visiting Oregon, we had last year a wonderful conversation 
about behavioral health, and the need to grow the workforce. 
What I want to focus on first this morning is the roundtable 
conversation we had about how to address the challenges around 
substance use among our Nation's youth.
    We heard from John and Jennifer Epstein from Beaverton, 
Oregon, who tragically lost their son Cal, when he took what 
was a fake pill that turned out to be fatal. The Epstein's 
turned their grief into action, and they worked with the 
Beaverton School District, and they created a curriculum called 
Fake and Fatal, to spread awareness of the danger.
    A compelling story. I know you heard them tell that story. 
The program is already saving lives. The Beaverton School 
District has not lost a student to fentanyl poisoning since 
they implemented the program in 2021. With that lesson as our 
guide, my committee colleague who was just here, Mr. Kiley and 
I have introduced the Fentanyl Awareness for Children and Teens 
in Schools or FACTS Act.
    It establishes a pilot program at HHS encouraging the 
development of partnerships between local or State educational 
agencies, local and State public health agencies, and nonprofit 
organizations to provide that necessary education, awareness, 
and prevention regarding the misuse of synthetic opioids.
    I am grateful that the chairwoman who is also no longer 
here, cares about this issue and mentioned it in her opening. I 
do want to clarify, however, that even though she said that 
fentanyl was only mentioned once in the budget, in fact in the 
justification documents, for example, for CDC it is mentioned 
21 times, and for SAMHSA 22 times. Mr. Secretary, I know you 
care about this issue, so will you tell us what the department 
is doing to address the issue of synthetic opioid overdose in 
youth, and how would implementation of policies like the 
bipartisan FACTS Act support your ongoing efforts?
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman, thank you. Thanks for the 
work that you are doing, and I appreciated the chance to visit 
with the Epsteins and other families who have gone through 
these difficult times. Maybe some folks did not see the mention 
of fentanyl in the President's budget, but the President 
mentions fentanyl nearly 50 billion times, because that is the 
amount of money he is putting in his budget to address 
fentanyl.
    Most of that is going in to control at the border, and to 
make sure that fentanyl does not cross the border, and is not 
trafficked in this country. Several billions of those dollars 
that the President puts in his budget for fentanyl are for the 
Department of Health and Human Services to work with folks like 
those we met in Oregon who are trying to prevent people from 
overdosing.
    This is a priority for the President, for this 
administration, and we look forward to working with you on your 
legislation, and other efforts to try to keep Americans alive.
    Ms. Bonamici. I appreciate that, Mr. Secretary, and I do 
urge the Committee to bring up this bipartisan bill that 
Representative Kiley and I, and I believe Representative 
Chavez-DeRemer as well, has co-sponsored. It is really 
important. This is going to save lives. Now I want to turn to 
the importance of the care economy, and how Federal policies 
can help American families.
    I will start with just a couple easy yes or no questions. 
Is making childcare more affordable a pro-family policy, Mr. 
Secretary?
    Secretary Becerra. Yes. I am always careful when someone 
says it is a yes or no, but that is a pretty clear yes or no, 
and that is a yes.
    Ms. Bonamici. For Fiscal Year 2024, House Republicans 
actually proposed a cut in Head Start funding that would reduce 
the availability of affordable childcare for more than 51,000 
children. Would that kind of cut be considered pro-family?
    Secretary Becerra. It would make it very difficult for us 
to operate.
    Ms. Bonamici. Thank you. Also, Mr. Secretary, does 
President Biden's Fiscal Year 2025 budget increase funding for 
affordable childcare and high-quality early childhood 
education?
    Secretary Becerra. Dramatically.
    Ms. Bonamici. That makes a difference, and I thank you for 
your leadership. I recently led more than 160 House Democrats 
in calling for House leadership to increase the Child Care and 
Development Block Grant funding to more than 12 billion 
dollars. My question, Mr. Secretary, is how will investing in 
affordable, accessible childcare benefit not only children and 
families, but also businesses and the economy?
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman, perhaps the greatest 
benefit is that families will have the freedom to work where 
they want and earn the income they need if they know they have 
decent, quality childcare for their kids. It will also help the 
people who are actually providing the childcare because right 
now many of these folks are leaving the childcare industry 
because they can make more money flipping burgers at a fast 
food joint.
    We need to treat them as professionals. They are taking 
care of the future of this country, and we should pay them 
adequately, so they are able to stay and make that a 
profession.
    Ms. Bonamici. Mr. Secretary, do you agree that Federal 
investment is necessary because there is no market solution to 
this? We cannot just raise the tuition so we can pay the 
providers more because it is already too expensive. Can you 
emphasize the importance of a Federal investment here, and what 
it does to the economy?
    Secretary Becerra. It is a Federal State partnership. We 
provide some of the resources, but we need the states to also 
chime in and do their part.
    Ms. Bonamici. Thank you very much, and I look forward to 
working with you, and hopefully my colleagues on both sides of 
the aisle about expanding access to affordable, accessible 
childcare, and I yield back the balance of my time.
    Mr. Walberg. I thank the gentlelady. Her time has expired. 
I now recognize myself. Secretary Becerra, welcome back. As you 
may or may not recall last time that you were before this 
Committee I asked you about HHS's vetting procedures in light 
of reports that unaccompanied children were being placed with 
sponsors who were exploiting these children.
    At that time, you stated that you believed sponsors were 
properly vetted by HHS. In February, the HHS Office of 
Inspector General issued a report examining whether the Office 
of Refugee Resettlement took steps that were required to ensure 
the safe release of unaccompanied children through sponsor 
screening and followup calls.
    One of the findings from the report stated that the case 
files of 16 percent of unaccompanied children, who were 
released to sponsors did not contain any documentation that a 
required safety check on the sponsor was conducted. Mr. 
Secretary, ORR received referrals for nearly 119,000 at least 
according to our records, of unaccompanied children in the 
Fiscal Year 1923.
    That could mean over 19,000 children were released to 
sponsors without proper safety checks. Yes or no, do you still 
stand by your statement to me last year that HHS properly 
vetted sponsors?
    Secretary Becerra. I stand by my response. Congressman, we 
need to clarify. You have mixed different numbers because the 
report that you reference OIG is from 2021, and now you 
mentioned 2023 numbers, and what you have to remember is in 
2021, in the Spring of 2021, we were barely coming in.
    We were taking over a program that had essentially been 
dismantled by the previous administration, so it was difficult 
to have spots for these children, and it was difficult to have 
an operation to be able to send them to sponsors, as we are 
required by law. Things are very different from that point in 
2021 today.
    Mr. Walberg. Then let us talk about that. My notebook is 
over there, or I would debate you a little further. Let us not 
quibble on that. What changes have been made as a result of 
this audit, and second, what changes have been made in regards 
to release of unaccompanied children to individuals who have 
previously sponsored children?
    Secretary Becerra. We have continued over those 3 years to 
improve the services that are provided to children. I would 
refer you to our foundational rule, which just became final 
this year, which takes a lot of those best practices. Today, 
for example, we have enough space for the children that are 
coming to us from the Department of Homeland Security.
    We are no longer having to use convention centers to house 
these kids because we did not have the infrastructure in place. 
We established the infrastructure, which is the most important 
thing because now they are getting the healthcare they need, 
they are getting the services they need as we prepare to send 
them to a vetted sponsor.
    Second, we are trying to followup with your help in getting 
the resources. We are able to do not just the referral to a 
sponsor, but hopefully, if you give us the resources, we will 
be able to do followup. We do not have authority to do 
followup. We are not required to, but we believe it is a good 
idea to do it.
    If you give us the resources, we will continue to do more 
followup with these kids.
    Mr. Walberg. If a child who was under the care of HHS 
unaccompanied children program is found to be a victim of human 
labor trafficking, is the sponsorship immediately terminated, 
and does the Federal Government reclaim custody of the child?
    Secretary Becerra. You have touched on the issue, the 
difficulty. Once we find the sponsor and transfer the child to 
the sponsor, we no longer have jurisdiction authority over that 
child. When you ask, will the sponsorship be terminated? We do 
not have the authorities to just terminate, because we do not 
have sight on what happens to the child once the child is in 
the sponsor's hands.
    You are welcome, and I have offered this before, Congress 
is welcome to give us more authority so we can follow them.
    Mr. Walberg. Immediate action is taken. Immediate action is 
taken though once you find out there is a problem there?
    Secretary Becerra. Yes, yes. If we are alerted, we will 
contact the appropriate authorities, but we do not have 
jurisdiction to try to stop that activity. Remember, if you are 
talking about a child being exploited in labor, they are 
already outside of our custody because kids that are in our 
custody stay in our custody, they do not go out and work.
    Mr. Walberg. Are there circumstances under which the child 
would be returned to an immediate relative of the original 
sponsor?
    Secretary Becerra. I am sorry?
    Mr. Walberg. Are there circumstances under which the child 
will be returned to an immediate relative of the original 
sponsor?
    Secretary Becerra. That is our priority to make sure that 
we can place the child closest to whom they know. A parent, if 
there is a parent available, maybe a relative, we seek to have 
them if they pass the vetting.
    Mr. Walberg. Is there a vetting process for them as well?
    Secretary Becerra. Yes, there is. No one gets to sponsor a 
child without going through a vetting process, even if they are 
the parents.
    Mr. Walberg. We hope that that continues if that is the 
change that has been made.
    Secretary Becerra. Yes.
    Mr. Walberg. My time is expired. I yield back. I now 
recognize the gentleman from California, Mr. Takano.
    Mr. Takano. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Secretary, 
welcome. Thank you for being here today. I am thrilled to see 
that the Department of Health and Human Services recently 
finalized and released its regulations under Section 1557 of 
the Affordable Care Act, and many thanks to you and your team 
for your diligent work.
    Mr. Secretary, can you describe what the final rule for 
Section 1557 does, and why your department felt it was 
important to finalize it?
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman, thank you. Under Section 
1557, along with the Civil Rights statutes, we have all an 
obligation to ensure that no American is discriminated against, 
whether it is based on race, religion, ethnic origin. At HHS, 
to make sure that healthcare services are provided without 
discrimination, we take action under our Office for Civil 
Rights, principally under Section 1557.
    We have made sure it is clear under Section 1557 that every 
American deserves to have protection for access to the care 
that they need, and we will make sure that regardless of your 
status as a transgender individual, or an LGBTQ American, that 
you will have access to the care that you need.
    Mr. Takano. You mentioned LGBTQ and transgender, but this 
addresses issues related to people, you know, women.
    Secretary Becerra. Everyone.
    Mr. Takano. Discrimination. Everyone.
    Secretary Becerra. Everyone.
    Mr. Takano. As you know, LGBTQ Americans face severe health 
disparities because discrimination in healthcare facilities is 
rampant. There are over three times more--they are three times 
more likely to avoid, postpone, or skip medical care. According 
to a 2022 survey, 15 percent of LGB individuals, 32 percent of 
transgender and non-binary individuals, and over half of 
intersex individuals reported experiencing some form of refusal 
of care by a doctor, or other healthcare provider within the 
last year.
    LGBTQ people of color reported an even higher rates of 
refusal. How would this rule impact LGBTQ patients?
    Secretary Becerra. Yes. I should note, Congressman, it is 
even worse for young people who are LGBTQ. If it is bad for 
adult LGBTQ Americans, it is even worse when you talk about our 
adolescents, and suicide rates are higher, the outcomes are 
worse, and we need to reach those individuals in our country.
    What Section 1557 does is it shows them that there will be 
a protection for them. We obviously need them to report. 
Someone has to let us know that there are violations occurring, 
so we can go in and stand up and enforce any actions that 
discriminate against these individuals. We made a good start in 
making sure the rule is much clearer about protecting all 
Americans.
    Mr. Takano. Well, thank you. My Republican colleagues have 
been less concerned with the benefits of increased access to 
healthcare, and more concerned about what this rule would 
supposedly force providers and insurance carriers to do. I 
would like to ask a few clarifying questions.
    You might answer with just a yes or no if you feel 
adequate. Mr. Secretary, does this rule require doctors to 
perform any procedures, or provide treatments that are outside 
the scope of their practice?
    Secretary Becerra. No. Of course not.
    Mr. Takano. Does this rule require--does this rule just 
require that providers provide the same care as services to 
transgender individuals that it would to other non-transgender 
individuals?
    Secretary Becerra. We do not dictate what services they 
provide. A medical professional determines what services an 
individual needs, and we do not get in the way of that. We just 
want to make sure that if an individual needs that care, they 
receive it.
    Mr. Takano. Well, thank you. Is the Federal rule for 
Section 1557 consistent with numerous court cases, including 
the Supreme Court decision in Bostock, and most recently a 
decision on the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal that 
discrimination against individuals on the basis of their gender 
identity and sexual orientation is sex discrimination?
    Secretary Becerra. Yes of course. We took into account 
those various decisions in rendering the rule.
    Mr. Takano. Thank you. Does this rule establish a new 
standard of care for any condition?
    Secretary Becerra. It simply protects people's access to 
the care that they need.
    Mr. Takano. Well, thank you. Mr. Secretary, we know that 
gender affirming care is medically necessary care that has been 
endorsed by every major medical association. I ask unanimous 
consent to enter into the record the position statements of 30 
professional medical associations in the care of transgender 
people.
    Among them are the American Academy of Pediatrics, the 
American Medical Association, the American Psychological 
Association, and the World Medical Association.
    Mr. Walberg. Without objection.
    [The Information of Mr. Takano follows:]
    [GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]    

    Mr. Takano. Recently we have seen unprecedented attacks on 
access to gender affirming care, particularly from minors with 
doctors and hospitals that treat youth facing threats of 
violences, and some families making the difficult choice to 
relocate to a different State. Mr. Secretary, I think my 
colleagues would agree that Americans have a right to access 
necessary medical care. Do you feel that parents have the right 
to seek evidence-based care for their children?
    Secretary Becerra. We should all have the right to seek 
evidence-based care.
    Mr. Takano. Well, Mr. Secretary, I would just like to offer 
another--to respond to Chairwoman Foxx's concern about the lack 
of research surrounding gender affirming care. I woud like to 
submit for the record a 19-page bibliography of research 
demonstrating that individualized and age appropriate medical 
care for transgender people improves mental health, and overall 
well-being.
    These are peer reviewed research studies that have been 
published in journals such as the New England Journal of 
Medicine, the Journal of Adolescent Health and Pediatrics.
    Mr. Grothman [presiding]. So ordered.
    [The Information of Mr. Takano follows:]
    [GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]    

    Mr. Takano. Thank you, Mr. Secretary, for being here, and I 
yield back.
    Mr. Grothman. Okay. I guess I will call on myself for 5 
minutes. I would like to talk a little bit about the Office of 
Refugee Resettlement. How many minors without parents--do you 
know how many have been allowed in this country in the last 3 
years?
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman, I do not have the precise 
number, but it has been over 100,000 over the last few years 
each year.
    Mr. Grothman. How many each year?
    Secretary Becerra. Over 100,000.
    Mr. Grothman. Every year. Every year in this county we let 
100,000 kids in without either parent, right?
    Secretary Becerra. We process these children, and they come 
to our custody because they are unaccompanied children.
    Mr. Grothman. Okay. Do you know how many you are keeping 
track of right now, or how long you keep track of a 14-year-old 
who shows up at the border? How long do we keep track of them?
    Secretary Becerra. To clarify the way this works, if a 
child crosses the border, and does not have an adult 
supervisor, the DHS, Department of Homeland Security has 72 
hours within which they must transfer that child into HHS's 
care because they are not equipped to handle children.
    We then will process the children. Get all the information 
on the child. We then hold custody of that child, as we work to 
find a sponsor who we vet because by law we are supposed to 
place that child in the most appropriate setting for children, 
and it is not in large congregate care, so we go through that 
process.
    Mr. Grothman. Percentage wise, how many are going to 
another relative?
    Secretary Becerra. How many are going to a relative?
    Mr. Grothman. Yes.
    Secretary Becerra. The vast majority.
    Mr. Grothman. Okay. Do we need DNA testing to make sure it 
is really a relative?
    Secretary Becerra. DNA testing is one of the tools that we 
use to try to identify the individuals who are seeking----
    Mr. Grothman. How frequently percentage wise do we do a DNA 
test of----
    Secretary Becerra. It depends, because often times we get 
some very credible information on the identify of both the 
child and the sponsor. If we need to do the confirmation, we 
will go to something like DNA.
    Mr. Grothman. Do we know to this day where those kids are? 
Whether they moved on somewhere else? Even if it is a relative, 
say an uncle or whatever, do we do followup to see if they are 
in an appropriate place?
    Secretary Becerra. Yes, and as I tried to mention before, 
we have the records of the sponsors, and so we could reach out 
to the sponsors to find out about these children afterwards.
    Mr. Grothman. I think the New York Times once published 
something. I do not quite believe their numbers.
    Secretary Becerra. They are not correct.
    Mr. Grothman. A large number, I will believe that tens of 
thousands of children in this country, and we do not know where 
they are or who is taking care of them. Is that true?
    Secretary Becerra. People talk about them being lost. That 
is all inaccurate. Remember that they are placed with a 
sponsor. We no longer have jurisdiction to followup with them. 
We try because we think it is important, best interests of the 
children. We make an effort to try to contact both the child 
and the sponsor three different times.
    Mr. Grothman. Okay. Go ahead.
    Secretary Becerra. Yes, three different times. The number 
that you are citing from the New York Times is based on the 
fact that some of those children and sponsors do not respond to 
us. We do not have the authority to make them respond. They are 
not lost.
    Mr. Grothman. That of interest though. I guess--I am for 
keeping families together, okay, and I am going to give you two 
more questions.
    Secretary Becerra. Yes.
    Mr. Grothman. Do you feel that if somebody comes here 
without a parent, a 14 year old, a 15 year old, why do we not 
at least try to turn them back to their country of origin? Is 
there any reason why we do not do that if a 14-year-old kid 
shows up? My parents are not here, well, we are going to look 
for a foster parent. Why do we not send them back home where 
maybe their parents can take care of them.
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman, that may be the end result. 
The difficulty is----
    Mr. Grothman. Well, it may be, but why is it not the norm?
    Secretary Becerra. Well, I cannot say it is not the norm. 
What I can tell you is it takes so long to process the case of 
that child in Immigration Court that it could be four or 5 
years before we finally decide what the status of the child 
will be. Whether the child stays, or whether the child goes 
back.
    It is the fact that the process takes so long that leaves 
this child in limbo.
    Mr. Grothman. Oh, okay. I am going to go ahead with one 
more question.
    Secretary Becerra. Yes.
    Mr. Grothman. Even if in our country, if there is a divorce 
or something, our court system tries to keep both parents in 
contact with the child.
    Secretary Becerra. Yes.
    Mr. Grothman. It bothers me that when a parent shows up 
with one child in this country, we can allow them in this 
country, rather than saying hey, wait a minute, you are here 
from whatever country, you are from Brazil. Why do you--why do 
we not wait, and you see if you can come here with both 
parents. We are not going to take a parent and a child and 
leave the other parent in some other country.
    When we would not allow that maybe even for a parent to 
move to a different State. Why do we not, at least in that 
case, try to keep the families intact?
    Secretary Becerra. You have struck on the problem we have 
with the broken immigration system. We cannot do that because 
everyone is entitled to a due process hearing, and because it 
takes forever to hold the hearing, we cannot get to the point 
of adjudicating to what you just said. That is the difficulty 
when you have a broken system that does not let you process all 
these individuals, not just the kids, but the adults as well, 
it takes forever to finally get justice, whatever that justice 
might be.
    It may be going back to the home country.
    Mr. Grothman. Dr. Adams.
    Ms. Adams. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you, Secretary 
Becerra, for testifying before the Committee today, and 
certainly I enjoyed having you in my District. I look forward 
to your next visit. Let me ask you in terms of the Office of 
Civil Rights.
    The Office of Civil Rights has opened a Federal civil 
rights investigation into a Los Angeles Hospital for its 
treatment of black women in labor and delivery, which follows 
several lawsuits filed by Charles Johnson, following the death 
of his wife, Kira Johnson, who my bill in the Momnibus package 
is named for.
    It addresses the role that racial bias and racial 
disparities in maternal health outcomes have. Can you speak 
briefly to the OCR's work as it relates to racial 
discrimination in maternal health settings.
    Secretary Becerra. Absolutely Congresswoman, and thanks for 
your efforts in this area because I know that maternal health 
and trying to get justice when it comes to access for maternal 
health is something very important to you. I cannot comment 
specifically about the case of Ms. Johnson because it right now 
is under investigation.
    What I can tell you is that the Office for Civil Rights 
investigates cases of discrimination, whether race, religion, 
national origin under Section 1557, which you mentioned, but 
also under Title 6 of our Civil Rights laws. We are prepared to 
conduct investigations if information comes to our attention.
    Ms. Adams. Okay. Thank you. The CDC estimates that 
approximately 700 women die each year in the U.S. from 
pregnancy related complications, and we know that disparities 
exist among black American, Indian and Alaskan Native women who 
are about three times as likely to die from pregnancy related 
causes compared to white women.
    Given that more than 80 percent of pregnancy related deaths 
are preventable, can you please elaborate a bit on how the 
budget invests in improving maternal health outcomes across the 
country?
    Secretary Becerra. Absolutely Congresswoman. The 
President's budget, if you look at it closely, invests close to 
400 million dollars to try to address this issue of maternal 
mortality and morbidity. As you know, we have engaged in 
numerous efforts over these last 3 years to try to attack this 
problem.
    You are likely aware of the fact that under the Medicaid 
program today, we have instituted, with your help, instituted a 
program where instead of offering only 60 days of postpartum 
care to a woman in Medicaid, for herself and for her child, 
today a State is able to offer 365 days of postpartum care to 
that woman and her child.
    That now has been taken up by 45 of our 50 states who have 
the program. The interesting thing about that is there are 
still five states that have not seen it fit to offer to their 
women and children in their State, access to healthcare 
services when they could.
    Ms. Adams. Yes, we need to work on that. According to KFF, 
that study, it compared white women to women of color have 
higher pregnancy related mortality rates, and more likely to 
live in states with abortion bans and restrictions, have higher 
uninsurance rates, and face greater financial barriers to 
seeking out of State abortions.
    These findings suggest that Dobbs widened the existing 
stark racial disparities in mental health while also putting 
black women, especially at risk for further criminalization. 
What steps has HHS taken to combat widening racial disparities 
in maternal health being exacerbated at the State level by 
abortion bans?
    Secretary Becerra. Yes Congresswoman, I think we should 
note that in these states that now restrict access to the care 
that a woman needs for reproductive services, the growing 
number of women who are going to be impacted most are women of 
color because typically they are the ones that have the lowest 
income.
    They are the ones that have least opportunity to access the 
care they need in another State because they do not have the 
resources or the capability to leave the State they may have 
commitments, and so forth. It becomes very difficult in these 
states for women period, but for women of color it is 
desperation.
    What are we doing, I mentioned some of the work that we are 
doing to make sure that all women have access to the care that 
they need, even in these states that are restricting access to 
reproductive healthcare services, the Medicaid program that 
offers care for a woman and her baby postpartum care for 365 
days is available.
    The close to 400 million dollars that will be there for 
maternal mortality and morbidity work is going to be available 
to all of those states. We are doing what we can. We just 
instituted a rule that will protect the privacy of that woman's 
healthcare needs, and the privacy of her physician and provider 
so that they can feel comfortable engaging in conversations 
about the reproductive health services a women needs.
    Ms. Adams. Thank you, Mr. Secretary, and again thank you 
for all of your incredible work. We appreciate it, and you are 
welcome to come back to my district any time. Mr. Chairman I 
yield back, my time is up.
    Chairwoman Foxx. The gentlelady's time has expired. Mr. 
Allen, you are recognized for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Allen. Thank you, Madam Chairman, and thank you Mr. 
Secretary for being with us today. Now that the Federal 
Government owns and is running healthcare, we are encountering 
disastrous problems throughout the country. We are losing 
providers because of the oppressive policies of HHS and CMS.
    Patients are compromised by complicated rules requiring 
prior approvals and limits on care, and rehabilitation. It is 
not free market, and it is not free patient, it is all governed 
by this branch of the government. We are spending four trillion 
in this country on healthcare. 1.6 trillion in taxpayer dollars 
on healthcare in this country.
    When Medicare began law, three people were paying for each 
one Medicare recipient. Today, one American is paying for every 
three Medicare recipients. We have had some difficult policy 
made in the last 80 years in healthcare. It is a runaway train. 
I have asked you this question every time you have come to 
this, and I have served on the Healthy Future Task Force, and I 
could not get an answer there either.
    I keep asking, you know, where are all the dollars going? 
Who is getting them? Is it the Federal agencies? The providers, 
you know, their incomes are decreasing as I understand it. 
Practices, hospitals are consolidating because of this problem, 
it is creating a problem everywhere.
    I have asked you that question. Have you all figured it out 
over there? Can you give me a breakdown of where every Federal 
and paid dollar goes for healthcare?
    Secretary Becerra. Well, here is the interesting thing 
Congressman, I could tell you where the Federal dollars go 
because we keep an accounting of it. I cannot tell you where 
the private sector dollar goes. You mentioned prior 
authorization. That has nothing to do with the Federal 
Government. Prior authorization is something that the insurance 
companies came up with to try to keep providers from being able 
to offer the services that they believe are necessary.
    We do not--we cannot get in that space because that is done 
by a private entity, that private business. I would tell you 
that the answer to your question where are those dollars going, 
it is the middlemen. We have heard about all the money that is 
going into the PBMs. PBMs are the ones that are essentially the 
go between, between pharmaceutical companies and the 
pharmacies, and the dispensing.
    In between the pharmaceutical companies and the pharmacies, 
a whole bunch of money is in that system.
    Mr. Allen. Not to cut you off, but I have got limited time 
here, but realize the insurance companies are basically in bed 
with the Federal Government. I mean the Federal Government----
    Secretary Becerra. I have never seen them next to my 
pillow. I will tell you that.
    Mr. Allen. Yes, Democrats passed a partisan bloated 
Inflation Reduction Act, and the drug price setting provisions 
in this bill make developing treatments even more difficult by 
not allowing the cost of the development to be recouped, 
especially for small molecule products. Due to these differing 
timelines, there is concern in the medical community that the 
law does not provide enough time for small molecule 
manufacturers to recoup research and development costs.
    Could you tell me yes or no, will HHS address the different 
timelines between small and large molecule drugs to ensure it 
does not increase the cost of drugs for patients, and does not 
disincentivize the innovation of drugs in the future?
    Secretary Becerra. If you are speaking about the 
negotiation program that we are engaged in with drug companies, 
we cannot seek to negotiate the prices of some of those drugs 
that you just mentioned until they have been on the market for 
many, many years.
    Mr. Allen. Yes, you are.
    Secretary Becerra. We have taken that into account.
    Mr. Allen. Yes, okay.
    Secretary Becerra. Innovation we take into account what 
they charge, or what they say they invest in research and 
development in any price negotiation.
    Mr. Allen. All right. Yes, is what I needed to hear. Back 
in February, the National Association of Attorneys General sent 
a letter to congressional leaders on behalf of a bipartisan 
group of 39 Attorneys Generals, including Georgia's AG Chris 
Carr, urging action on pharmacy benefit manager practices.
    This letter outlines several PBM practices, such as spread 
pricing, tying their own compensation to the list price of 
medicine, they are increasing costs to millions of patients, 
employers, and community pharmacies, not only in my State, but 
across the country. Since you have mentioned on record that HHS 
is currently enforcing the drug price transparency rule, I am 
assuming that you also agree something needs to be done to 
protect patients and stakeholders from such practices?
    Secretary Becerra. As I mentioned, PBMs, we would all like 
to do more with.
    Mr. Allen. That would be a yes?
    Secretary Becerra. We would all like to see you do more 
when it comes to PBMs.
    Mr. Allen. Okay. I have a few more questions. I will submit 
those for the record. I am out of time, and I yield back, thank 
you.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Thank you, Mr. Allen. Ms. Jayapal, you are 
recognized for 5 minutes.
    Ms. Jayapal. Thank you, Madam Chair. Secretary Becerra, it 
is good to see you. Congratulations on the important work that 
President Biden and your department have done to lower 
prescription drug prices, to improve transparency for patients, 
and to bring the number of Americans without health insurance 
down to historic lows.
    This is very, very important work, and of course you know 
that despite these historic lows, there are still 25 million 
people who are uninsured in America. On top of that many 
Americans are still under insured, meaning that even if you 
have insurance of some kind, you simply cannot afford 
healthcare.
    The premium tax credits that we included in the Inflation 
Reduction Act serve as a very important patch for our broken 
for-profit healthcare system to immediately lower costs for 
Americans, but as you know my belief is that we are only going 
to have full accessibility when we transition to a single payer 
Medicare for all, improved Medicare for all model.
    Medical providers are steering patients toward bank loans 
and credit cards that saddle them with interest on top of their 
medical debt. It is really unimaginable that in the richest 
country in the world, 23 million Americans owe 220 billion 
dollars in medical debt, the majority of whom owe over 
$10,000.00 in debt, which just continues to accumulate 
interest, and meanwhile we have private insurance companies 
that are doing everything they can to continue to raise 
premiums, and lower care, and part of that is an increasingly 
public effort to privatize Medicare.
    As you know, I am the proud lead sponsor of improved 
Medicare for All because I believe it is time to make sure that 
our healthcare system prioritizes people over profits. A recent 
Congressional Budget Office study estimates that transitioning 
to a Medicare for All system would actually save 650 billion 
dollars per year in costs, and so I am going to continue to 
work on that.
    In the meantime, I want to discuss what can be done right 
now to improve healthcare for all Americans and prevent 
wasteful subsidies to corporate insurers that offer what I call 
Medicare Disadvantage plans. It is estimated that the Federal 
Government will overpay Medicare Disadvantage companies 
approximately 83 billion dollars in 2024 alone.
    83 billion dollars. That is at least four times as much 
money as we would need to expand traditional Medicare to cover 
dental, hearing, and vision benefits. A report from the 
Committee for Responsible Budget showed that over the next 
decade these overpayments will increase the national debt by at 
least 2 percent of GDP and advance Medicare trust fund 
insolvency by 3 years.
    I want to thank you, particularly, for your very strong 
2025 Medicare Disadvantage rate notice that your department put 
out in April, as it takes key steps to curb these drastic 
overpayments. How can Congress continue to partner with your 
department to go further in curbing overpayments?
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman, thanks for all the work 
you have done on this, and I would say that probably the most 
important thing you can do to help us with this is 
transparency. We need to get behind the curtain of these 
insurance companies to find out how they are operating because, 
as you mentioned, they are getting paid more than the 
traditional Fee-for-Service Medicare.
    We want to see how they are spending the money because in 
some cases they are saying they do not have enough, and they 
are going to have to start cutting services, and it is not 
Medicare that would be cutting, it would be the insurance 
companies.
    Ms. Jayapal. Not only are the plans exorbitantly costly, 
but without that kind of meaningful oversight that you are 
talking about with bad actors, these plans actually have 
negative health impacts on Americans. An analysis from the 
National Bureau of Economic Research found that if CMS canceled 
contracts with the worst performing 5 percent of MA plans, it 
would save 10,000 plus lives per year.
    Can you tell me what resources your department needs to 
strengthen enforcement mechanisms and how strong oversight of 
these plans can actually promote health equity and healthcare 
for people across the country?
    Secretary Becerra. I probably need 5 minutes to give you 
the full answer because as you know, the Centers for Medicare 
and Medicare Services has been underfunded for more than a 
decade when it comes to its budget, even though it has been 
asked to do the lion's share of work at HHS when it comes to 
Medicare and Medicaid. If we had an agency that was fully 
resourced, we could certainly be more aggressive in trying to 
do the work to get behind that curtain that I mentioned, so we 
could see exactly how taxpayer dollars are being spent by all 
these recipients of these dollars, insurance companies and so 
forth.
    Ms. Jayapal. I really appreciate your work on this, and I 
have to tell you that my, and I have said this to you 
separately outside of the hearing, I am hearing from 
constituents every day who are getting pulled into these 
Medicare Disadvantage plans, promised a whole bunch of stuff 
that they do not get, and ultimately then end up trying to get 
off of them, which is extremely difficult in many cases, and 
get back on traditional Medicare.
    I think we need to continue to improve traditional 
Medicare, and make sure that we provide healthcare for all 
Americans, thank you for your work.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Thank you. Mr. Banks, you are recognized 
for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Banks. Mr. Secretary, the number of children who have 
come across our southern border on your watch and Joe Biden's 
watch is estimated at 481,535. Last year alone it was 137,000, 
and if you compare that to the last year of President Trump's 
term, on his watch in the last year of his term it was less 
than 25,000, so a pretty significant and dramatic increase of 
unaccompanied children coming across the southern border.
    The New York Times says that your Department has lost 
contact with 85,000 minors, and that statistic is over a year 
old, so undoubtedly it has risen in the past year. 
Congressional Research Services says that 75 to 80 percent of 
unaccompanied children are now traveling with smugglers, and 
those smugglers have reportedly sold migrants into situations 
of forced labor or prostitution, forms of human trafficking, in 
order to recover their cost.
    The Coalition Against Trafficking and Women says that 60 
percent of unaccompanied children caught by cartels and are 
exploited through child pornography and drug trafficking. The 
New York Times has reported that almost one in three migrant 
women, including a large population of young girls, are 
reported to be sexually assaulted, over one in three of them, 
coming across our southern border.
    Mr. Secretary, is it the policy of this administration to 
return children, unaccompanied children, coming across the 
southern border back to their families where they came from, or 
is it to send them into the United States away from their 
families instead?
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman, let me address that 
question as it pertains to the Department of Health and Human 
Services because we do not engage in immigration activities. We 
accept the children that the Department of Homeland Security 
has encountered.
    Mr. Banks. Is it the policy of the Biden administration 
return children back to their families, or to send them into 
the United States to sponsors, or to someone else never to be 
seen from again? What is the policy?
    Secretary Becerra. The administration policy, and I will 
try to speak generally because again it goes beyond my 
jurisdiction, but generally the policy is to abide by what the 
law says we must do. When someone requests an asylum hearing, 
by law they are entitled to an asylum hearing.
    Mr. Banks. Let me ask this a different way. If a 15-year-
old girl came across the border from say Guatemala, would we 
send her back to her family in Guatemala, or would we keep her 
in the United States?
    Secretary Becerra. If she requested an asylum hearing, we 
would by law be required to offer her a hearing.
    Mr. Banks. How many children have we returned back to their 
families in the country they came from on your watch?
    Secretary Becerra. That would not be something I have 
information on because I have----
    Mr. Banks. Thousands, hundreds? Can you estimate?
    Secretary Becerra. I am not going to speculate, but that is 
something that you can ask the Department of Homeland Security.
    Mr. Banks. You and I both know the answer to that is zero. 
Zero children that you have returned back to their country. Let 
me ask you this, hypothetically you and I have something in 
common. We both have girls. If my daughter or your daughter was 
smuggled to Guatemala, would we expect Guatemala to return our 
daughters back to us, our families in the United States of 
America, or would we expect them to keep them in Guatemala?
    Secretary Becerra. Again, you Are asking me to speculate. I 
will tell you I would do anything I have to do to get my 
daughters back.
    Mr. Banks. Yes. Why is the Biden administration not doing 
that?
    Secretary Becerra. We have to respect what the law says, 
and the law says you have to provide someone with an 
adjudication of their claim for asylum.
    Mr. Banks. The law says that because Joe Biden has made 
that the law. One of his first acts as President was to----
    Secretary Becerra. That is inaccurate.
    Mr. Banks. Unaccompanied minors under Title 42. He did 
that. You did that. You are responsible for that law, and you 
have never--by the way, have you ever come to this Committee 
and asked us to change that law? Do you support changing that 
law to allow us to send those children back to their families 
in the country they came from?
    Secretary Becerra. The President has asked you all to 
change the law. There was a bipartisan bill to change the law.
    Mr. Banks. I think--I have only got a limited time left. I 
think the reason that you are doing this, Mr. Secretary, and 
your boss Joe Biden is because Democrats are getting rich off 
of it. The Global Refuge CEO and NGO that you funnel a lot of 
money to, her salary is $520,000.00, and it doubled over 3 
years.
    The former CEO of an NGO called Southwest Key Programs made 
three and half million dollars. The new CEO makes a million. 
The CEO of Endeavors, who was an Obama administration aid, made 
$600,000.00 in 2022. A former Biden transition official, who 
helped you vet political appointees, helped endeavor and secure 
a 520 billion dollar no bid contract.
    These groups are making hundreds of millions of dollars and 
now you are asking us to give you 9.3 billion dollars to funnel 
to more of these NGO's so that your Democrat friends and donors 
can get even more rich. I think that Is shameful, it Is 
sickening, and I am going to do everything I can to fight 
against it. Madam Chair, I yield back.
    Chairwoman Foxx. The gentleman's time is expired. Ms. Wild, 
you are recognized for 5 minutes.
    Ms. Wild. Thank you, Madam Chair. Secretary Becerra, good 
to see you again. When you were in my District not too long 
ago, we briefly discussed mental health issues and I want to 
return to that. In recognition of May as Mental Health 
Awareness Month I would like to discuss what the department is 
doing to address the very real mental health crisis that 
continues to affect so many Americans.
    At the very top of that list my concern has to do with kids 
and online safety, and their health, or the harmful impact. 
According to CDC data, children between the ages of eight to 12 
spend an average of more than 5 hours a day on their screens, 
while teenagers log over 8 hours every day on their devices.
    I am not entirely sure whether that includes school, you 
know, interactive time online or not, but either way that is a 
lot of hours. I am a really proud supporter of the bipartisan 
Kids Online Safety Act, which would require social media 
platforms to protect minors from specific online harms, like 
promoting eating disorders, substance abuse, suicide, sexual 
exploitation.
    I know the Surgeon General has indicated that he will 
prioritize the mental health of children. As tech companies, 
quite frankly, massively profit through traffic generated by 
young users. First, can I assume that you would agree with the 
Surgeon General's assessment that children are vulnerable and 
at risk?
    Secretary Becerra. No doubt our children are vulnerable.
    Ms. Wild. Can you describe for us what your department has 
done along the lines of protecting kids from the harms of 
social media, particularly with regard to mental health issues?
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman, we have tried to provide 
support where we can. Most of the areas where we have 
jurisdiction relate to providing services, treatment, and so 
for example, standing up the nationwide 988 suicide and crisis 
lifeline, so that kids who are experiencing real challenges, 
mental health challenges for example, know where they can go.
    We have provided behavioral services in the schools, and we 
are doing more and more of actually providing, through 
Medicaid, behavioral health services in the schools so we can 
approach a child while they are in school. We are doing more of 
that, but what we do not have is we do not have the authorities 
or jurisdiction to try to regulate the social media industry.
    Ms. Wild. The content, and I understand that, that is why I 
was trying to ask my question in such a way that it was focused 
on, and I understand you pretty much have to deal with their 
health situation, without being able to address the root cause 
because that is not under your jurisdiction.
    You mentioned suicide, and one of the things I am terribly 
concerned about is that in Pennsylvania suicide is the third 
leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 10 to 
25, which is to me just unfathomable. We created the 988 
suicide and crisis lifeline, which I was a proud supporter of, 
very happy about that.
    How does your budget for 2025 support the continued 
improvement of these kinds of services?
    Secretary Becerra. This President has invested more money 
in behavioral health than any previous President, and his 
budget continues that increase in services and support. We 
believe it is important when nine in 10 Americans are telling 
you that America is experiencing a mental health crisis, you 
have go to do something, it is really impacting our children.
    You mentioned the issue of social media. We know we have to 
be there. We are trying to work with our states. The more 
resources you give us, the more we can help our states.
    Ms. Wild. Yes. Well, I hear you on that, and one of the 
things I will say, you mentioned behavioral health in schools. 
Every school superintendent I talk to, and I have talked to 
many in my District, their No. 1 flag for me is that they need 
more trained and educated therapists, counselors, that kind of 
thing, many of our schools, elementary schools, you know one 
counselor is shared among five or six schools, which of course 
does not allow them to get to know the children at all.
    I am glad that your budget is focused on that, and that the 
President is focused on that, and I want to make sure that the 
states know exactly what they need to do to access the help 
they need. In the last 20 seconds here, is there anything in 
particular you would highlight for the states?
    Secretary Becerra. I believe the number is now somewhere 
around 15 states that have taken up the challenge that we put 
before them to increase Medicaid services in the schools for 
behavioral health. Not every State is doing this. They have to 
submit a waiver authority so they can do this.
    Rather than have to find that your child in your class is 
having troubles, and send them off to the principal and say 
they need to be referred to some physician, you have the 
behavioral health specialist right there in the school, and you 
can do it immediately.
    Ms. Wild. Thank you very much for your focus on mental 
health. With that, I yield back, Madam Chairwoman.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Thank you. Mr. Owens, you are recognized 
for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Owens. Thank you. Mr. Secretary, I had not planned on 
going in this direction, but I cannot help it at this point. We 
just had one of our colleagues talk about some of the evil that 
is happening at our border. There is no longer a rapid DNA test 
as of June 2023 because of the Biden administration, which 
means we can no longer tie children coming across the border 
with the people bringing them across the border.
    There are reports that 85,000 children are being lost. So 
far, the best you can give us is that they are not lost, just 
that people are not answering the phone. We are now hearing 
about children that are used and reused going back and forth to 
the border because of the cartel. We are talking about slavery, 
rape, abuse of children, stealing of children. You say that if 
this is your child you would do everything you could to stop 
it. What about other people's children?
    How can you remain part of an administration that allows 
this evil to happen? We talk about it. We are going to take 
lunch in a little bit, we move on, and nobody thinks about it 
other than the folks that have been impacted. These parents, 
their children have been stolen. They cannot just give it up 
the way it seems like the Biden administration is doing.
    Let me just say this because it appears that there is a big 
hit on private market. Let me tell you what happened in the 
private market. A private company did the same thing, they 
would be shut down after losing the first ten kids. Then those 
who would be responsible for it, we will find them in orange 
suits, paying a price for decades because of losing 85,000 
children.
    I think it is disgusting to be honest with you. We are not 
in the 1800's, the slave trading. We are not in the 1930's 
where we allowed the Nazi's to do the same thing with the Jews. 
We are seeing this real time. We are sitting here talking about 
the lives of children, adults, and yet there seems to be no 
concern about resolving it.
    Let me do this. I need to say that. I have heard your 
answers, so I know right now that is not on the top of your 
agenda. There has been a plethora of rules coming through our 
administration, this administration. A new rule called the Non-
Discrimination in Health Programs and Activities is an example 
of one of the rules that HHA members have now put together.
    I am curious, who on your team is responsible for putting 
together and deciding on these rules? Do you have a team? A 
group of people that do this, that say this is what we are 
going to do now for this particular industry?
    Secretary Becerra. We have a very large team because we 
have a number of agencies. We have CMS, we have NIH, we have 
FDA----
    Mr. Owens. Okay, but within those agencies there has to be 
somebody. You have a small team, there has to be somebody 
making these rules.
    Secretary Becerra. That is correct.
    Mr. Owens. All right. Who are they? Is it possible to get 
the names of these bureaucrats that are changing, literally, 
the industries that we see across the board?
    Secretary Becerra. I am not sure. Congressman, that all 
goes through a public comment period. Everybody sees what we 
are doing.
    Mr. Owens. I am sorry?
    Secretary Becerra. There is no rule that becomes final that 
has not gone through a public comment where you and everyone 
else----
    Mr. Owens. When you go through that process, somebody comes 
up with the rules. We are talking about----
    Secretary Becerra. Before that rule becomes final you get 
to see it, everyone gets to see it.
    Mr. Owens. No, no, no, I am not talking about what goes 
through the process. Who makes up these rules? Who is sitting 
at the table? You have physicians sitting at the table, but it 
comes down to that is going to be impacting physicians?
    Secretary Becerra. Yes.
    Mr. Owens. Okay. This rule we have here, the Non-
Discrimination of Health Program, I want to understand, by the 
way, physicians do have religious liberties, right? They still 
have that opportunity to be able to act based on their 
religious conscience.
    Secretary Becerra. Everyone does.
    Mr. Owens. Okay. The Non-Discrimination and Health Program, 
would that require doctors to provide gender affirming care 
regardless of their religious beliefs?
    Secretary Becerra. No one is forced to do anything that 
goes beyond their civil liberties.
    Mr. Owens. Even though that is a rule, they are not forced 
to do this in their situation in their industries?
    Secretary Becerra. The rule does not force any physician to 
do something that is against their religious beliefs.
    Mr. Owens. Okay. Well, I was told differently, but we will 
make sure to followup on that one.
    Secretary Becerra. Yes.
    Mr. Owens. If in case--so I guess in this case here that 
the rules really are not rules. It is just a suggestion?
    Secretary Becerra. No. These are rules.
    Mr. Owens. All right. It is a rule. Are you saying then 
that they can decide not to just do whatever the rule might say 
then?
    Secretary Becerra. If it goes against their religious 
beliefs, under the law they have protections for their 
religious beliefs, therefore they would not be forced to do 
something that goes against their religious beliefs.
    Mr. Owens. Okay. All right. Well, I am glad to hear that. I 
was told differently. Let me just wrap up here, and I just have 
a few seconds. We are going to make sure we--I think the 
American people hold this administration accountable for what 
is happening at the border. 85,000 lives of innocent children 
is not acceptable in this country, no longer, and the fact that 
you are in a position in the administration, you should have 
some sway to make sure that those that are part of this process 
are making changes.
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman, if I could just, in 5 
seconds just respond.
    Mr. Owens. Yes.
    Secretary Becerra. If 85,000 children were lost, you, me, 
everyone in this room would have taken action. That number is 
inaccurate. That is not a statistic, that is real.
    Mr. Owens. What is the real number? How many have been 
lost?
    Secretary Becerra. That is the thing, they are not lost. 
They are there.
    Mr. Owens. They are just not answering the phone. In other 
words, the response is they are not answering the phone.
    Secretary Becerra. Congress did not give anyone----
    Mr. Owens. Let me say this. When you leave it, you give it 
to a sponsor, they do not answer their phone, you do not know 
where those kids are, they are lost. Let us just keep--if you 
do not know where they are, you do not have the address, you 
cannot go and pick them up. You cannot do any welfare, okay and 
with that, I want to yield back my time, thank you.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Yes. We invite the Secretary to send us 
proof that you know where those kids are. Ms. McBath, you are 
recognized.
    Mrs. McBath. Thank you so much Madam Chair. Good afternoon, 
or good afternoon, Secretary Becerra. It is very good to see 
you. Thank you so much for coming before us today. For more 
than a year my bill to cap the cost of insulin at $35.00 a 
month has been lowering prescription drug costs for our 
seniors.
    This life saving medication is more affordable for millions 
thanks to our work here in Congress, and your work in the 
Biden-Harris administration, so thank you once again for that 
Mr. Secretary, but I believe we can do a lot more, as we all do 
in this room.
    The fact of the matter is that insulin is still too expense 
for working families in America, especially for those who have 
young children. Parents are still waiting in the line at the 
pharmacy after work, or during their lunch break, and being 
forced to pay 20 or 30 times more than what citizens of other 
developed nations are paying for this lifesaving drug.
    Just, you know, actually it is just a few dollars for the 
manufacturers to produce it, but of course, you know, our 
constituents are paying far more money for this life saving 
drug. I am just proud to be the lead here on this Committee, on 
our efforts to lower the price of insulin for every American in 
the United States. Mr. Secretary, can you briefly discuss your 
budget request that ensures that every American has access to 
insulin at a price point that they and their families can truly 
afford?
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman first, thank you for the 
work that you did to make it possible for so many Americans to 
benefit from $35.00 or less insulin. We in this budget, we 
proposed that that $35.00 amount be available to every 
American, not just to those in the Medicare program. Medicare, 
66 million Americans, it is great for the 66 million, but there 
are 332 million or so Americans in this country, everyone 
should have access to reasonably priced insulin and other 
prescription medication.
    Mrs. McBath. Well, thank you. I would also like to discuss 
our efforts to protect survivors of domestic and family 
violence. The House did pass my bill. I am really grateful for 
that. The bipartisan Family Violence Prevention and Services 
Improvement Act, as we call it, FVPSA, they passed that last 
Congress to reauthorize and improve family and domestic 
violence prevention and support programs.
    As the only source of Federal funding that is actually 
dedicated to supporting domestic violence programs and the 
shelters around the country, this program is really a lifeline, 
truly a lifeline for organizations and for families that they 
are doing their best to escape this cycle of violence that they 
find themselves in.
    Could you please use what time that you actually have left, 
and you have quite a bit of time, so please expound as much as 
you can, to talk about the importance of reauthorizing the 
Family Violence and Prevention Services Act.
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman, there is no doubt that we 
are seeing families, children suffer as a result of domestic 
violence because we treat it as a criminal activity. We lose 
out because we should also treat it as a healthcare crisis 
where we need to improve the health of the families that are 
impacted most by this domestic violence.
    We are trying to do what we can. In the money that was made 
available through the bipartisan bill to address gun violence, 
there were some moneys that we invested to address domestic 
violence because many times that domestic violence is actuated 
through the use of weapons.
    What we are trying to do is more immediately reach families 
before the violence occurs, and that means giving people 
alternatives. There may be a case, for example that the 
individual, a spouse for example, may not have any other 
options but to leave. Sometimes they have nowhere to go.
    If we can increase the options for a safe place for that 
person to go, we can probably save a life and probably help 
ensure that the family can start to recover. We are going to do 
everything we can in this issue of domestic violence because we 
consider that type of violence we see in this country as a 
healthcare crisis that must be addressed immediately, 
especially because of the mental health concerns that we see 
for so many of these family members.
    Mrs. McBath. Well, I just want to thank you so much for all 
the work that you and the administration do. Is there anything 
else that we specifically here on the hill can do to help 
expedite that very kind of support that you need because we 
know that exponentially a lot of the domestic violence cases 
are growing.
    Gun violence cases are growing across the country. I think 
all the empirical data continues to show that, you know, we are 
in a public health crisis as you stated. Is there anything 
specific that you need from us to help do what you need to do 
to protect Americans?
    Secretary Becerra. Treat this as a healthcare crisis so 
that way we are able to receive some of the resources to try to 
address this as a healthcare crisis. Second, you mentioned it, 
data. We need to have good data to see what we can do, where we 
need to do it, and we need to collect the data, and then be 
able to assess it.
    Mrs. McBath. I thank you so much. I appreciate you. I yield 
back the balance of my time.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Thank you, Ms. McBath. Mr. Good, you are 
recognized for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Good. Thank you, Madam Chair, and welcome back Director 
Becerra. I appreciate you being here, Secretary. Do you think 
abortion is a good thing?
    Secretary Becerra. I think--my wife is an OB/GYN. I will 
tell you----
    Mr. Good. Do you think abortion is a good thing?
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman, if it is a service that is 
needed in terms of providing good health----
    Mr. Good. Do you think abortion is a good thing?
    Secretary Becerra. I think abortion is a service that is 
essential for many women.
    Mr. Good. Do you think abortion is a good thing? That would 
be a yes or no answer?
    Secretary Becerra. I think I have answered your question, 
but----
    Mr. Good. You have not answered it. Do you think abortion 
is a good thing.
    Secretary Becerra. I think for many women it is a----
    Mr. Good. Do you think abortion is a good thing?
    Secretary Becerra. I think for many women----
    Mr. Good. Okay. Do you think abortion is something that 
should be reduced, or something that should be expanded?
    Secretary Becerra. I think women should have access to the 
healthcare services they need.
    Mr. Good. Do you think abortion is something that should be 
reduced, or something that should be expanded?
    Secretary Becerra. I think women should have access to the 
healthcare that they need.
    Mr. Good. Do you think that abortion should be reduced or 
expanded? Do you think it is something that is a good thing 
that should be expanded? We ought to have more of it, and 
celebrate that as success, or do you think it ought to be 
reduced, it is a bad thing. We ought to do everything we can to 
reduce abortion. One or two of the directions.
    Secretary Becerra. Women having access to healthcare is a 
good thing----
    Mr. Good. Which one do you believe, should be reduced or 
expanded.
    Secretary Becerra. If the question is do I think having 
access to healthcare is a good thing, having access to 
healthcare is a good thing.
    Mr. Good. I did not ask you about healthcare. I asked you 
about abortion.
    Secretary Becerra. Abortion is healthcare.
    Mr. Good. Killing a child, terminating a child in the womb 
is healthcare?
    Secretary Becerra. Access to the healthcare a woman needs 
is important.
    Mr. Good. That would make sense, that that is how you would 
view it with your policies on it. On May 6th, HHS issued a 
final rule titled Non-Discrimination in Health Programs and 
Activities, that uses Affordable Care Act to advance the 
radical left, that would be you, agenda to redefine sex by 
including sexual orientation and gender identify as classes 
protected from discrimination.
    Further, the rule also says discrimination on the basis of 
pregnancy termination can be a form of sex discrimination. Let 
me read that again. The rule says discrimination on the basis 
of pregnancy termination can be a form of sex discrimination. 
Can you explain what this means? How is pregnancy termination 
now a class of people that needs to be protected?
    Secretary Becerra. Women need access to care. If they need 
reproductive care and they are denied it, they are now having 
their rights abridged.
    Mr. Good. If we do not provide coverage for the termination 
of a pregnancy, the killing of a child in the womb, which by 
the way, I might add, the No. 1 killer in America is what? You 
are Health and Human Services, what is the No. 1 killer in 
America?
    Secretary Becerra. Why not tell me since you are going to 
tell me anyway.
    Mr. Good. Go ahead. What is the No. 1 killer in America?
    Secretary Becerra. I will let you tell me. You do not seem 
to want me to have the answer to the question, so I will let 
you answer.
    Mr. Good. Heart disease, yes they are numbers two and 
three, No. 1 killer in America is abortion. The No. 1 killer in 
America is abortion. Your rule says that if a woman's health 
insurance plan is not giving her the unfettered right to end 
her child's life, then she can claim she has been discriminated 
against. That is correct?
    Secretary Becerra. The way you described it, no.
    Mr. Good. Okay. Why do you not clarify it then?
    Secretary Becerra. A woman should have access to the care 
that she needs.
    Mr. Good. Let me ask that a different way. It would not be 
discrimination to not cover the ability for a woman to kill her 
child in the womb. For that not to be covered is not 
discrimination. You are not saying that?
    Secretary Becerra. I would not characterize it the way you 
have, so I can try to answer the question, but I would not 
answer the question that you have posed, because it is posed 
inaccurately.
    Mr. Good. Do you believe that someone who opposes abortion 
should be accused of discriminating against a woman because 
they choose not to end the life of a child? Is that 
discrimination? If you oppose abortion, you oppose the 
termination of life in the womb, the killing of a child in the 
womb, that that's discrimination?
    Secretary Becerra. If a person is being denied the 
healthcare that they need, then that requires action to be 
taken.
    Mr. Good. It is bad enough that this regulation applies to 
Obamacare, but of course you did not stop there. The rule also 
states that the HHS Office of Civil Rights will extend non-
discrimination enforcement to third-party administrators 
contracting with group health plans that are self-funded.
    This is reaching into a whole new category of private 
insurance. Now, under your regime, every employer sponsored 
health plan would be required to provide gender affirming 
procedures. That is an interesting term that you and your 
colleagues like to use, and abortions, and it could even force 
medical professionals to violate their expertise if they 
believe these things, these procedures are wrong or harmful, 
which they are, or their beliefs on the best care in a plan for 
individuals, particularly children.
    Worse yet, your budget proposes a 17 million dollar 
increase for the Office of Civil Rights, so you can weaponize 
the Department against doctors who do not want to provide 
abortions to women. The question is why do you, and the rest of 
Biden administration, why are you so determined to violate 
American's religious beliefs through abortion and so-called 
gender reassignment mandates?
    They are mandates, but why are you so determined to violate 
American's religious beliefs through that?
    Secretary Becerra. We are not. We actually protect and are 
willing to enforce the religious beliefs and conscious 
protections that are afforded to all Americans.
    Mr. Good. Well, we do not see that in this rule. There is 
no need for the rule, non-discrimination and all this, not give 
you or HHS the authority to mandate this nationwide abortion 
and gender reassignment surgeries, and I yield back Madam 
Chairwoman.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Ms. Manning, you are recognized for 5 
minutes.
    Mrs. Manning. Thank you, Madam Chair. I do not know about 
you, but I need a breath after that appalling attack on women's 
healthcare, so let us take a breath and move on. I would like 
to start by responding to some comments made at the top of the 
hearing regarding the proposed budget.
    The investment in our young people, in their health and 
education is critically important for the future of our 
country. If we do not ensure that all of our children get a top 
quality education, including preschool, and the healthcare they 
need, we will fail to create future scientists, physicians, 
nurses, teachers, tech innovators, artists, and business 
leaders from diverse walks of life who will ensure the future 
of this great country.
    I want to thank you for presenting us with a budget that 
invests in our future, our children, including universal 
preschool, which will help all kids get the start they need to 
achieve. I would like to move to another area, and that is an 
area of crisis in this country, and that is mental health.
    In your testimony you State that HHS is transforming the 
way we deliver behavioral healthcare. I am delighted to see 
that because I met yesterday with a constituent from one of my 
major hospital systems, Cone Health, and he raised the urgent 
need for more options for treating people, especially young 
people, with mental health problems.
    Earlier this week I met with a group of our police 
officers, and they gave me the same message. We need more 
options for effectively treating people with mental health 
problems. Secretary Becerra, you are no doubt aware that the 
mental health crisis is overwhelming our emergency rooms across 
this country, which are often forced to keep patients until a 
bed in a long-term facility opens up.
    Can you talk about what HHS is doing to relieve the stress 
on our emergency rooms, and find more effective options for 
treating people with mental health problems?
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman, thank you for the 
question. One of the things that we are trying to do is work 
with states who are the ones who have oversight over the 
hospitals and mental health services, to make it possible for 
them to expand their mental health services, so you do not take 
up an emergency room bed for someone who really is in need of 
behavioral health services and is not there for some physical 
emergency need.
    What we are doing, for example, with many states is 
offering them a chance to modify the way they use Medicaid 
dollars, so that they can expand access to Medicaid dollars in 
the behavioral health space. Some states have taken us up on 
this opportunity, so that they are showing that they can take a 
person, whether in an emergency room, or someone who is 
homeless, take them off the street, provide them with mental 
health services, housing, stabilize them, and therefore keep 
them out of that emergency room in the future.
    That saves everyone money, including the Medicaid program, 
and so we are willing to engage with a State that wants to come 
up with innovative ways to use Medicaid dollars because if at 
the end of the day we are saving Medicaid money by having that 
person treated more directly by the State, it is a good thing 
for everyone.
    Mrs. Manning. Great. I hope you will make sure that CMS has 
a proper code, so that they can get reimbursed for those 
creative, innovative purposes, because that is a problem. Also, 
we are seeing mental health crises in our schools, and I have 
visited schools across my District that are desperate to have 
more school psychologists, nurses, social workers, to help our 
young people deal with the mental health crisis.
    I have introduced a bipartisan bill to integrate mental 
health wellness programs and necessary resources into our 
school wellness programs. Can you tell us how your budget would 
help address the mental health issues our students are 
experiencing?
    Secretary Becerra. Here again, while the President tries to 
invest a substantial amount of money as I mentioned, more money 
for behavioral health than any we have seen in our generation, 
but more precisely, working, for example through Medicaid 
again, trying to get the Medicaid program directly into the 
schools to provide behavior health services to children, so 
they do not have to wait until they leave the classroom, leave 
the school, and then go to a doctor to get the mental health 
services they need.
    They can get it right there on campus, so that we could 
start to treat these issues quickly for children, and we can do 
that without costing a school or the school district dollars 
that they would otherwise spend for learning because they're 
able to draw down Medicaid dollars.
    Mrs. Manning. Thank you. I was going to talk about my Right 
to Contraception Act, which will help defeat the attack on 
women's right just to even have birth control, but I am out of 
time, so I want to thank you for your testimony. I yield back.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Thank you, Ms. Manning. Ms. Miller, you 
are recognized for 5 minutes.
    Ms. Miller. Secretary Becerra, in your final rule titled 
Non-Discrimination in Health Plans and Activities, you mandate 
that private health plans provide sex change operations on 
children, and abortions for minors, or risk losing their 
Federal funding. This rule certainly would violate the 
religious conscience of thousands of doctors and medical 
providers.
    What would your Department do if a doctor refused to 
provide the treatments mandated by this rule?
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman, first, that was not 
accurate what you said, and a provider, if they for religious 
reasons object, they are not forced to provide any particular 
service.
    Ms. Miller. Well, your rule says that gender identity and 
sexuality is protected under the title Sex Discrimination, so 
it says that a doctor cannot refuse service to a patient for 
that care, and I actually do not believe you. Your Department 
has a history of violating the closely held religious beliefs 
of people, and doctors do need to know.
    Would you tell me today can you commit here today that your 
Department will not withhold Federal funding from hospitals or 
doctors who refuse to provide the gender affirming care that 
you are, you know, mandating if it violates their religious 
beliefs?
    Secretary Becerra. Now, Congresswoman, I recognize you are 
going somewhere completely different. First, you started 
talking about how a doctor should have the right to not offer 
particular care. Then you stretch it out to provide for the 
system wide services, very different.
    Ms. Miller. Yes. You have put out this guidance, and 
doctors do need to know.
    Secretary Becerra. Yes.
    Ms. Miller. What are you going to do if they refuse to 
provide this care?
    Secretary Becerra. A doctor, if that doctor has religious 
objections, that doctor under these rules is not required to 
offer care.
    Ms. Miller. Okay. You are committing here today that you 
will not withhold Federal funding.
    Secretary Becerra. Doctors do not get Federal funding, 
ma'am.
    Ms. Miller. The hospitals do.
    Secretary Becerra. Okay. We are not talking about the 
hospitals. Do not confuse the two.
    Ms. Miller. Okay.
    Secretary Becerra. A doctor is not a hospital.
    Ms. Miller. Doctors are working in these hospitals. Are you 
going to say today, are you committing that you will not 
withhold Federal funding from those healthcare facilities?
    Secretary Becerra. If a healthcare facility is violating 
the law, and not providing the service they are required to, 
they are not entitled to the resources.
    Ms. Miller. We believe that you would withdraw Federal 
funding. Mr. Secretary, the United Kingdom recently banned 
private health providers from performing gender affirming care 
on minors. Their decision relied on a study that stated puberty 
blockers may damage a minor's ability to think and reason, and 
that the rationale for suppressing puberty at all remains 
unclear.
    Mr. Secretary, are you worried that other countries are 
banning puberty blockers for children, while here in the United 
States the number of children on puberty blockers continues to 
increase each year, as you can see here?
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman, we rely on the best 
medical evidence in knowing what services to provide, or to 
support and provide reimbursement for. Those services----
    Ms. Miller. Your Department is marketing these drugs to 
children. The guidance on your website tells children how great 
puberty blockers are, and so you are getting--I want to stop 
people like you that are forcing these non-reversible 
treatments on children. I am asking on behalf of parents across 
the country.
    Secretary Becerra. Yes. If you would accurately portray 
what we were doing it would be easier to respond to your 
questions. You continue to mischaracterize what we have said.
    Ms. Miller. I am not mischaracterizing you or what you are 
promoting.
    Secretary Becerra. Read then what we are doing. 
Congresswoman, why do you not read what we are doing----
    Ms. Miller. You have put out this guidance. You are 
promoting the use of dangerous, toxic chemicals that are not 
reversible, that are experimental. You are promoting 
unnecessary surgical mutilation, and it is a fact that 80 
percent of our youth that struggle with gender dysphoria end up 
growing out of it.
    I can say that no rational or compassionate person would be 
promoting this. Joe Biden and his administration are attempting 
to force doctors and medical providers to go against their 
closely held religious beliefs, and are forcing toxic, 
experimental drugs on young children. It is a fact. These drugs 
and procedures have serious side effects and will take away 
their ability to ever have children.
    The Biden administration is also distorting the ruling in 
Bostock to push the far-left political agenda. Justice Gorsuch 
was clear in his majority opinion that this ruling only applies 
to Title 7. It does not give Joe Biden license to push radical 
policies like this rule. History will show how wrong you and 
Joe Biden are on this issue. Thank you, and I yield back to Dr. 
Foxx.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Thank you. Mr. DeSaulnier, you are 
recognized.
    Mr. DeSaulnier. Thank you, Madam Chair. Mr. Secretary, nice 
to see you as always. Wonderful job. Your work on reducing 
costs for Americans, I am somebody who benefits from that. 
Since being diagnosed with stage four leukemia 10 years ago my 
medication used to be one of those medications that was three 
to $400.00 more than the rest of the developed world, in spite 
of the fact that American taxpayers paid for most of the basic 
research.
    I am grateful for that. Tell me the consequences, the most 
recent spending bill, appropriations did not fund the 21st 
Century Cures Act. How does that affect all the good work we 
have been doing for people like myself who are living longer 
lives because of their investments as taxpayers in cancer 
research and deployment?
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman, I have to before I answer 
the question just say you look good, and it is always good to 
see you, and when you are looking good.
    Mr. DeSaulnier. You should run for office.
    Secretary Becerra. I just appreciate it because I remember 
our days when we were together, and it is always great to see 
that, you know, when fighters come out of this winning, so I am 
glad you are standing and fighting. In terms of the question, 
the delays in reauthorizing critical legislation that lets us 
continue the discoveries, continue making more readily 
available and reducing the costs of some of these lifesaving 
medications is just time that we are losing.
    There is no reason. Everyone knows how the Cures Law has 
helped people like you and others. We should get to the task of 
reauthorizing it yesterday.
    Mr. DeSaulnier. I want to ask you a question about another 
something near and dear to me as a survivor of suicide, your 
work on suicide prevention. We have had a lot of discussion 
here about mental health. The CDC's report that almost a third 
of adolescent girls in this country have seriously considered 
or attempted suicide.
    You have an action plan. Can you speak to that?
    Secretary Becerra. Yes. Anytime you hear stories that 10-
year-olds are contemplating suicide you have to wonder what is 
going on in this country and so we are, because of the 
President's commitment, we are able to devote more resources to 
help states try to tackle this. Again, we do not operate the 
programs directly at the Federal level.
    You know, we are too far removed, but we support the 
states, and the local health departments, and mental health 
departments that provide these services. What we are doing is 
we are being more aggressive in trying to get moneys directly 
into some of these mental health programs for young people. I 
mentioned how we are trying to get into the schools with 
behavioral health programs.
    We are also committing several hundred millions of dollars 
in workforce development, so we get more of the behavior health 
specialists that we need. I mentioned in my opening testimony, 
this President's budget would make it possible for us to hire 
12,000 additional psychiatrists, psychologists, therapists and 
so forth.
    Mr. DeSaulnier. Yes. I would love to work with you more. 
Madam Chair, you and I have discussed this when we had the 
gavel, and I was Chair of the HELP Subcommittee, we had good 
bipartisan talks about this, but since parity we have had a 300 
percent increase and a reduction on the shame associated with 
suicide and mental health, but we have had a similar decrease 
in young people going into the field.
    My Mental Health Matters Act, I would love to work with 
your Department and with the Chair, to figure out if we can 
make that, because it seems like a bipartisan consensus that we 
need to invest more in the deployment of behavioral health, and 
what we have learned about the neuroscience of how we operate.
    I wanted to ask you a question about the Kaiser 
Foundation's report on denials of billing requests. I have had 
comments. A friend I went to college with who owns a primary 
care practice in Bethesda, bought it from his dad, his brother 
runs it. He called me and said we are spending all of our time 
on these denial of claims.
    Kaiser says that almost 50 percent of claims of one insurer 
has been denied. There is another claim from Kaiser that almost 
80 percent. I have heard this from my providers. My dentist 
told me this week that they spend all their time, these small 
firms, just trying to get--this came about, according to 
Kaiser, from actions that the previous administration did to 
undermine your ability to actually oversee this, and this--the 
majority party's inability to fund you at a level that we can 
hold the insurance companies accountable.
    I really want to work on this. I talked to clerical people 
in my doctor's office, they said they are spending all this 
time just trying to work on claims that used to go through that 
were well substantiated, but you cannot provide the oversight 
to make the insurance companies--the inefficiency of this is 
outrageous.
    Secretary Becerra. Yes. What you are pointing out is the 
difference between in the Medicare program for example, what is 
traditional Medicare, Fee-for-Service, versus the managed care 
program called Medicare Advantage. Medicare Advantage, we do 
not have that sight that you are mentioning. We cannot dictate. 
We cannot tell them, hey, we hear you are not paying your 
bills.
    Providers can bill directly under Fee-for-Service 
traditional Medicare to a Medicare program, and Medicare pays 
them directly. Under the managed care program, Medicare 
Advantage, we do not do that. We pay the insurers early before 
they even provide a service. Then they get into this hassle of 
prior authorization, all the rest, and providers have a heck of 
a time trying to get reimbursed by the insurance company.
    Mr. DeSaulnier. People give up.
    Secretary Becerra. Yes.
    Mr. DeSaulnier. Thank you, Madam Chair.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Thank you. Mr. Burlison, you are 
recognized for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Burlison. Secretary Becerra, according to the 
Congressional Budget Office, they estimate that the ACA plans 
cost the taxpayers three times as much as an employer sponsored 
plan. With that being said, is it beneficial or better that we 
would encourage more policies to migrate toward an employer-
sponsored plan, as opposed to the ACA?
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman, remember there is a 
difference between an employer-sponsored plan, an ACA plan, the 
Medicare program, Medicaid, all of them are different. The 
reason that there may be a great cost in an ACA plan is because 
these are individuals that do not work for a large employer, 
cannot take advantage of the large pool of employees that would 
be part of a system, that the employer gets discounts because 
they are bringing a whole bunch of people into the system.
    Mr. Burlison. Would it not be great if they get the 
discount? The taxpayers win, they win. Is that not a good deal?
    Secretary Becerra. It would have been great, but remember 
before the Affordable Care Act came into play all these folks 
could not find insurance because the insurance carriers would 
not----
    Mr. Burlison. They did. I mean arguably, we had high risk 
pools, and I do not want to get into that. That is pretty 
detailed stuff, but would it not be great if we found a way to 
reduce the employer-sponsored plans by 29 percent? Obviously 
more people could be able to afford to get access to health 
insurance.
    Secretary Becerra. Reducing the cost of healthcare would be 
a great thing.
    Mr. Burlison. Especially in the private market, and then it 
would save the taxpayers even more, right? We are no longer 
paying for them to be on the ACA.
    Secretary Becerra. The more people who are insured, the 
less it costs all of us.
    Mr. Burlison. We have the association health plans, which 
was an innovative idea. They have--a lot of the associations in 
America have had a long-standing interest in allowing 
themselves to combine lies to create those larger pools that 
you are talking about. In 2018, the Department of Labor issued 
a final rule to expand access to these associated health plans, 
which actually did reduce the cost of insurance premiums by 29 
percent.
    Just recently, the Department of Labor issued a final rule 
to rescind that 2018 rule. How do you think that that is going 
to have an impact on the costs and the access of affordable 
care for patients?
    Secretary Becerra. Recognize that the actions that you are 
speaking about were done by the Department of Labor, not by the 
Department of Health and Human Services, but what I can tell 
you about the various types of offerings, health insurance 
offerings that are out there, what you want to make sure is 
they all provide a core level of services, the basic level 
essential services that anyone would want, preventative care 
for example, maternal healthcare, natal care.
    We want to make sure that you are providing the basic 
services. If you start to go outside of the Medicare program, 
Medicaid program, employer insurance, or the Affordable Care 
Act, you start to get into the weeds, and the gray areas where 
these providers of these plans can avoid providing some of 
those basic services. That is the problem with some of these 
association-based plans.
    Mr. Burlison. No. I absolutely disagree. There is no 
difference between an association-based plan. When they go out 
to bid for pricing.
    Secretary Becerra. I guarantee you there are big 
differences.
    Mr. Burlison. There is a difference because they are able 
to negotiate in bulk. I have a different line of questioning I 
want to get to before time expires. Last year you testified 
before this Committee, and I asked about the 85,000 
unaccompanied alien children that your Department was not able 
to regain contact with.
    You made repeated comments that the moment that you were 
able to place them with the vetted sponsor, you lose custody. 
You do attempt to call them, correct?
    Secretary Becerra. Yes.
    Mr. Burlison. How many have you been able to contact?
    Secretary Becerra. Well, I would say that the majority we 
contact at some point, whether it is the child or the sponsor.
    Mr. Burlison. Do you have the number?
    Secretary Becerra. I could try to get you a number because 
again, they do not have to--they are not under--they are under 
no obligation to reach out to us.
    Mr. Burlison. You did prep for this right? Like last year, 
that was a course of dialog questions, that you got a lot of 
questions about.
    Secretary Becerra. Yes.
    Mr. Burlison. I assume that you were----
    Secretary Becerra. I prepped for budget questions, budget 
questions.
    Mr. Burlison. Right. You would say that this is a concern, 
that you would agree that it is concerning the number of 
children that we are not able to identify?
    Secretary Becerra. What I am concerned is that members in 
Congress continue to ask me if I am concerned. I would ask you 
are you concerned enough to give us authority, so we could 
actually track these kids? We do not have authority to track 
them.
    Mr. Burlison. When you are placing these children do you 
ask? Do you ascertain whether or not the homes that they are 
being placed into, that they are able to actually work if they 
are eligible to legally work in the United States? Is that one 
of the questions you ask?
    Secretary Becerra. Children should not be working. They 
should be going to school.
    Mr. Burlison. I am asking because why would you place them 
in a home where no one can provide any kind of support.
    Secretary Becerra. You cannot become a sponsor if you 
indicate that you do not have the wherewithal to support a 
child.
    Mr. Burlison. That means that they are able to legally work 
in the United States? Can you verify that?
    Secretary Becerra. We make sure that they have their income 
that would be needed to care for the child. That is part of the 
vetting process.
    Mr. Burlison. Legally?
    Secretary Becerra. You know, we are not INS, we are not the 
Department of Homeland Security. Our job is to find someone who 
can care for this child.
    Mr. Burlison. Surely you can connect with them. My time is 
expired.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Thank you. Ms. Omar, you are recognized 
for 5 minutes.
    Ms. Omar. Thank you, Secretary Becerra, for being here with 
us today. Since Dobbs, Republican politicians have been 
attacking women's reproductive healthcare, and in turn 
jeopardizing the lives of millions of women. Can you tell us 
what steps HHS has taken to ensure that women continue to have 
access to comprehensive reproductive healthcare, including 
abortion?
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman, we have taken a number of 
steps. Obviously, everything will fall short of what the 
protections that Roe versus Wade had provided to women, but for 
example, we have gone all the way to the Supreme Court to 
protect a woman's access to medication abortion, Mifepristone. 
We have gone all the way to the Supreme Court protecting a 
woman's right to emergency care services.
    We are continuing to enforce laws that require providers 
and insurers to offer contraception services to women. We just 
issued a rule that would protect the health information privacy 
of women and their provider, so that that cannot be used 
against them. I could go on, but I suspect you have more 
questions.
    Ms. Omar. No, thank you so much for that answer. I am 
really concerned about the epidemic of the opioid crisis that 
we are looking at that is shattering the lives of thousands of 
people across Minnesota. My family has lost close and personal 
friends to this epidemic. In Minnesota, opioid involved 
overdose deaths increased 43 percent from 2020 to 2022.
    The number of deaths has more than doubled since 2019. 
Indigenous Minnesotans are dying at over nine times the rate of 
white Minnesotans, and black Minnesotans at over three times 
that rate, and we are seeing a disturbing increase in addiction 
rates among East African--the East African immigrant 
population.
    I am deeply concerned about these disparities and about 
ensuring that hard to reach communities are receiving the care 
and services that they need. I see that in the budget you have 
requested 1.6 billion for the State Opioid Response Grant and 
two million for the Youth Prevention and Recovery Initiative, 
specifically.
    Can you tell us what steps the agency is taking to make 
sure that the Federal funding is going toward culturally 
competent care? How are you going to serve the underserved 
populations?
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman, we are making every 
effort to try to encourage states to adopt culturally competent 
programs, so that they can reach the populations that are often 
neglected or underserved. We continue to try to stand up 
opportunities for them to get funding to increase the number of 
clinicians and professionals who are coming from communities 
where there is a shortage of those individuals.
    We could use more resources to truly push the envelope on 
this, but we are making every effort, for example, to also 
collect data. That gives us a better sight on where there are 
absences of the professionals that we need. We are trying to 
also recruit people, help states recruit people who have lived 
experience, so that when they go out to be the professional, 
they have gone through some of those experiences that they are 
now trying to help people with.
    Ms. Omar. Yes. It looks like those impacted are getting 
younger and younger. I know that there are resources that are 
focused on education and deterrence. What do you think can be 
done to better assist folks who are already addicted, as well 
as the parents considering that many of those suffering are 
under the age of consent and need their parent's approval for 
treatment?
    Secretary Becerra. I had mentioned on several occasions 
already how we are trying to get states to adopt Medicaid 
innovations that would allow us to use Medicaid dollars in a 
school to provide behavioral health services in a school, so a 
child and a family member do not have to wait until you find a 
doctor that you can send your child to help with substance 
abuse or mental health services.
    We are hoping--there are about 15 states that have worked 
with us to change their programs, their Medicaid programs, to 
accept those dollars. We have several programs, one called 
Project Aware, that is specifically focused on children to try 
to help them address issues like drug use, suicide prevention, 
and we are trying to expand those services working with states 
to see if they will adopt them.
    Ms. Omar. Our kids are really in desperate need, so I hope 
those services reach them. Thank you so much.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Thank you. Mr. Kiley, you are recognized 
for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Kiley. Mr. Secretary, under Federal law folks who are 
here illegally in this country are not eligible for Medicaid 
benefits, but some states have circumvented this by using State 
funds to expand eligibility for their Medicaid programs to the 
entire population of undocumented immigrants. Do you support 
those initiatives?
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman, they have not circumvented 
any law, they are just using their own State resources to do 
what they want for the populations in their State.
    Mr. Kiley. Do you support those initiatives?
    Secretary Becerra. Absolutely.
    Mr. Kiley. You do? You support expanding eligibility like 
your own State of California has, at a cost of 3 billion 
dollars to every person who is in the State illegally?
    Secretary Becerra. The State has decided it wants to make 
sure as many of its people, if not all of them, have access to 
healthcare.
    Mr. Kiley. You just said you support that. Is that an 
administration policy, or your policy?
    Secretary Becerra. You asked me, and I answered as an 
individual.
    Mr. Kiley. You do. Okay. Do you know if the administration 
has a position on it? Do they agree with you and support that 
policy?
    Secretary Becerra. The administration would not interfere 
with a state's decision to use its own money.
    Mr. Kiley. Sure. You said you support it, so does the 
administration support expanding eligibility for Medicaid 
programs to all undocumented immigrants?
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman, as you know, we use Federal 
dollars, and we make sure the Federal dollars are used 
properly. A State can use its State dollars as it wishes.
    Mr. Kiley. Okay. You support it personally, but not 
necessarily the administration?
    Secretary Becerra. No. I do not want to speak for the 
administration because we would not have a position on how a 
State, your State, my State, uses its own dollars.
    Mr. Kiley. I am sure you do, you would, I mean there are 
all kinds of positions the President has about what states are 
doing, but he has not spoken his position.
    Secretary Becerra. Okay. Then you can ask the President.
    Mr. Kiley. Okay. You started your testimony by talking 
about COVID, and you said we can now manage it like the flu. 
There are 30 universities in this country that still have 
COVID-19 vaccine mandates for students. Do you think it is time 
they ended those?
    Secretary Becerra. They are managing it.
    Mr. Kiley. I am sorry?
    Secretary Becerra. We are trying to manage COVID, and 
everyone can manage it as they see fit.
    Mr. Kiley. Well, that is certainly not how the 
administration conducted its policy during the pandemic, there 
were all kinds of mandates and various programs. Is there any 
authority, health authority under your jurisdiction that at 
this point even recommends universities to have COVID vaccine 
mandates?
    Secretary Becerra. The recommendations principally put out 
by the CDC show best practices that everyone could employ.
    Mr. Kiley. Right, so do they recommend vaccine mandates at 
universities right now?
    Secretary Becerra. The recommendations are pretty clear. 
States can then do what they wish.
    Mr. Kiley. Is that a yes or no for universities?
    Secretary Becerra. It is the states have the ability to do 
what they believe is best for their populations.
    Mr. Kiley. Just right now, you as the Secretary of Health 
and Human Services, you have no opinion on whether it is a good 
thing for these universities to continue their COVID vaccine 
mandates in May 2024?
    Secretary Becerra. Well, we have expressed what we think is 
best practice in those policies that have been articulated by 
the CDC.
    Mr. Kiley. Okay. Is it best practice right now for a 
university to have a vaccine mandate for COVID or not?
    Secretary Becerra. Well, the best practices have been set 
out by CDC, then any entity, whether it is a university or 
State then decides how it wants to move forward.
    Mr. Kiley. What is the best practice for a university? 
Should they have vaccine mandates now? Yes or no?
    Secretary Becerra. There are thousands of universities. I 
am not going to speak for thousands of universities.
    Mr. Kiley. Are you familiar with the biolab that was 
discovered in Reedley, California, that was set up with links 
to China?
    Secretary Becerra. I am familiar with it.
    Mr. Kiley. This was, you know, discovered last year, or 
maybe even sooner, and there were all kinds of pathogens there. 
It was actually set up by an international fugitive named Jesse 
Zhu who is currently under Federal indictment. Local officials 
found pathogens like E. Coli, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV and 
malaria and others, and yet when local officials reached out to 
the CDC for help, they refused to provide it.
    This is from a report from the Select Committee on the 
Chinese Communist Party. It says, ``Based on their initial 
observation in March 2023, local officials began to reach out 
to additional Federal authorities for assistance. Local 
officials spent months repeatedly trying to obtain assistance 
from the CDC, but the CDC refused to speak with them.''
    On a number of occasions it was reported by local officials 
that the CDC hung up on them mid conversation. Why did the CDC 
not come in and try to help when local officials discovered the 
situation?
    Secretary Becerra. I do not think that is an accurate 
representation of what CDC has done.
    Mr. Kiley. They did. You disagree with the Committee's 
report?
    Secretary Becerra. I do not think it is an accurate 
description of what CDC has done.
    Mr. Kiley. I see. Did the CDC test the samples they found 
at the lab?
    Secretary Becerra. I would have to get back to you on what 
the CDC precisely did.
    Mr. Kiley. According to the report here, the local 
officials asked them to test the samples, these dangerous 
pathogens, and they did not do so. Does that sound inaccurate 
to you?
    Secretary Becerra. I think you are leaving out a good part 
of the story.
    Mr. Kiley. What part is that?
    Secretary Becerra. I would have to get back to you. I do 
not have a direct understanding right now. Again, I came to 
testify on the budget, but I can get back to you and let you 
know what CDC did, or did not do.
    Mr. Kiley. Do you have confidence right now that there are 
not similar labs with links to the Chinese Communist Party in 
the United States?
    Secretary Becerra. Recognizing that these labs are licensed 
by the states, the 50 states, and not by the Federal 
Government, it would be difficult for me to answer that 
question. I do not--the states do not work for me.
    Mr. Kiley. Well, I mean but you do have responsibility for 
public health in this country, and so right now as the 
Secretary of Health and Human Services, do you have confidence 
that there are not similar illegal biolabs like the one that 
was discovered in Reeley throughout this country?
    Secretary Becerra. I do not know what every State has in 
its governance rules for the establishment of some of these 
labs, so if the question is do I have confidence that all the 
states are doing the right thing, I have to say probably not.
    Mr. Kiley. Thank you. I yield back.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Ms. Hayes, you are recognized for 5 
minutes.
    Ms. Hayes. Thank you. Thank you Mr. Secretary for being 
here. I want to talk to you a little bit about social 
determinants of health, which as you know are conditions where 
the environment that people are born in, live in, work in, 
learn, play, worship, affect their healthcare outcomes.
    As of January 1, 2024, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid 
Services began requiring healthcare organizations to screen for 
the five risk factors, which they determined to be food, food 
insecurity, interpersonal safety, housing insecurity, 
transportation and utilities.
    I know that the Department has done work in this area, but 
my concern is states are really unclear as to what this can 
look like. In California and West Virginia, they have done some 
of these things, but there really is no clear--I hesitate to 
use the word roadmap, because I know that the Department has a 
roadmap, but it is not clear guidance. The thing I want to ask 
you about today is that under the ACA 85 percent of premium 
dollars are directly toward patient care, and then the other 15 
percent are the medical loss ratio formula.
    The things I just talked about--those social determinants 
of health are not included under the patient care section. Is 
there--can you speak a little bit to how we can change that and 
start to look at some of those determinants as part of the 
entire healthcare spectrum?
    Secretary Becerra. Absolutely, and thank you for the 
interest in addressing social determinants of health. By 
statute we are either constrained or permitted to do a certain 
number of things. Social determinants of health, if you look 
through most statutes, are not included in the provisions of 
most statutes.
    What we are doing is trying to elevate the issue of what 
can cause bad health, or bad health outcomes, which as you just 
mentioned, can include social determinants of health. We are 
making every effort we can to make sure that anyone who is out 
there doing healthcare recognizes that if you are not 
addressing these social determinants of health, you are missing 
the boat in trying to keep people healthy.
    Ms. Hayes. Thank you. I appreciate that. I introduced 
legislation called the Social Determinants for Moms Act, which 
really talks about how all of these things, as they relate to 
maternal health, and my legislation was included as part of the 
Black Maternal Health Momnibus.
    It asks for the creation of a task force to better address 
these things in this country. Do you think that the creation of 
a task force to at least collect data on these things would be 
a step in the right direction?
    Secretary Becerra. Absolutely. Although we need to do more 
because we need to be able to change statutes or regulations to 
include social determinants of health.
    Ms. Hayes. Switching gears here a little bit, I want to 
talk about the final rule that was issued recently by the 
Department of Health and Human Services. Can a doctor be 
investigated criminally or administratively for providing care 
to me for cancer?
    Secretary Becerra. Can you repeat the question?
    Ms. Hayes. Sure. Is it--let me see how I want to ask this 
question, I am trying to get somewhere. Can I be discriminated 
against for providing care if I had cancer?
    Secretary Becerra. For not providing you care?
    Ms. Hayes. Yes?
    Secretary Becerra. Again, you have to put it in context. Is 
that--is the person working in a place that holds itself out as 
providing----
    Ms. Hayes. As a woman. If I--I guess I am trying to get to 
the point if I had cancer, if I had heart disease, if I had a 
mental health condition, if I had osteoporosis, could a doctor, 
would a doctor be investigated for providing care? Would I be 
investigated for seeking care? Would I be investigated for 
obtaining care?
    Secretary Becerra. I think I hear what you are--if they are 
receiving reimbursement from the Federal Government, then they 
would have to offer you the care.
    Mrs. Hayes. If I sought----
    Secretary Becerra. Unless they have a religious objection.
    Mrs. Hayes. If I sought abortion care would I have the 
right to have that care or doctor deny me that care?
    Secretary Becerra. You would have the right to have that 
care if they are seeking reimbursement by a Federal department, 
Medicare, Medicaid, if it is required by law.
    Mrs. Hayes. Thank you. If it is required by law, thank you. 
In my last few seconds, I do want to bring up something that I 
have heard talked about on the other side a lot about the care 
of unaccompanied minors at the border. I want to remind my 
colleagues that in the last administration we had a crisis of 
understaffing, of children being lost, of us not really 
knowing.
    I want to commend the Department for some of the work that 
they have done to improve these programs. 24/7 case workers, 
increased shelter networks, increased post-release services. My 
time is running out, but I want to say that unlike the child 
welfare system, you do not have the ability to monitor children 
after they leave your custody, even if they are with a vetted 
sponsor.
    Secretary Becerra. That is correct.
    Mrs. Hayes. So, I guess you could followup and say what are 
some legislative fixes that Congress could make to make sure 
that our connection to these children goes beyond the point 
where they are turned over to family members or loved ones, so 
that we can make sure that they are in fact safe, and not 
falling victim to unsavory actors or trafficking or some of the 
other things that have been brought up in this Committee 
hearing today.
    Chairwoman Foxx. We will invite the Secretary to put those 
suggestions in writing. Ms. Chavez-Deremer, you are recognized, 
and I note you have your father with you today, and we welcome 
him.
    Ms. Chavez-Deremer. Thank you. Thank you, Madam Chair. 
Secretary Becerra, the Low Income Household Water Assistance 
Program, administered through HHS makes a huge difference for 
low-income households, as you know, assisting with water and 
wastewater bills. It is really a great example of how 
government is working for the people.
    For those who do not know, if the water is about to be 
cutoff due to inability to pay the bill, or something far too 
real, it makes it difficult for families. This program makes 
sure that that water can stay on. All Oregonians, all 
Americans, for that matter deserve reliable access to clean 
water.
    In fiscal years 1921 through 1923, Congress provided 1.1 
billion dollars for this program, helping over 1.6 million 
families. Even so, utility costs have been skyrocketing to 
compensate for the historic underpricing of water services, as 
well as to pay for the rising costs of infrastructure, aging, 
deferred maintenance, sporadic trends in customer bases, and 
even the ever-constant burdens of regulatory compliance.
    The government needs to act, that is why Congressman 
Sorenson, and I introduced a bill to permanently authorize this 
program, so that safe and reliable water services always 
reached those who need it most. Mr. Secretary, can you speak to 
some of the highlights of this program's functionality at HHS? 
With that, do you foresee HHS continuing to adequately 
administer this program? Should it be authorized and funded in 
future years?
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman, thank you for the 
question, and congratulations on having your father here.
    Ms. Chavez-Deremer. Thank you.
    Secretary Becerra. I remember the first time my dad came he 
was very proud, so I imagine he is extremely proud of your 
accomplishments.
    Ms. Chavez-Deremer. Thank you.
    Secretary Becerra. Very important, you and I come from 
areas where often times there is a ton of water, and then 
sometimes there is drought.
    Ms. Chavez-Deremer. Or at the same time.
    Secretary Becerra. At the same time, yes. We have to adjust 
the way we think of energy, electricity, we have to recognize 
that water is indispensable, and so we would love to work with 
Congress to make sure that we have a program in place that can 
continue to provide families with the resources they need to 
just basically live.
    Ms. Chavez-Deremer. Great. Thank you. I want to move on to 
another subject that is important. HHS has played a critical 
role in cannabis reform, and I want to applaud both you and 
your team for that. Earlier this month the country took a huge 
step forward thanks to the research your agency conducted, the 
DEA finally rescheduled cannabis.
    In response the Department of Justice for the first time in 
half a century has said it will treat Federal cannabis 
violations as low-level offenses. As a proud lead of the 
state's 2.0 Act, which would ensure that every State has its 
right to determine the best approach to cannabis within its 
borders, this was really good, welcoming news.
    Federal guidance has always been a nightmare in this space, 
and it is more important than ever to create a safe and 
professional environment for one of the fastest growing 
industries in America. This has proven to be a responsible 
process, but unlike Oregon's approach which was to 
decriminalize all drugs at the same time, was not a good plan.
    Three years ago, Oregonians voted for Measure 110. I hope 
you are familiar with what I am talking about because they told 
Oregonians that it would reduce drug abuse. Instead, drug abuse 
exploded and people fighting addiction have been left to fend 
for themselves. Then thankfully, there was a small fix in the 
legislature this year that would somewhat repeal and really 
answer the cries that people were asking, it was not the right 
approach.
    Unfortunately, law enforcement, healthcare and homelessness 
providers and homelessness, which is a growing sector in our 
community, they're really suffering from this addiction. Mr. 
Secretary, as the former Attorney General of California, and 
now head of HHS, what are the lessons do you believe that were 
learned from Measure 110, if you are familiar, and as the 
United States is rapidly growing toward classifying cannabis 
with its possible Federal legalization, how can we ensure that 
Measure 110 will not be a mistake that is made across the 
country?
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman, you said a mouthful.
    Ms. Chavez-Deremer. I know.
    Secretary Becerra. Let me see because I am aware of the 
measure. I do not know the details of it, I know that they 
are----
    Ms. Chavez-Deremer. Let me give you the details.
    Secretary Becerra. Sure.
    Ms. Chavez-Deremer. We recognize addiction is a serious 
problem. We know that access to drug treatment is important in 
a healthcare approach that is fair and reasonable, but that 
particular legislation means no arrests anymore, only given a 
citation.
    For that citation, if you call 1-800-I-Need Help With Drug 
Addiction, you could pay, you know, forego your $100.00 fine. 
What did that lead to? It led to mass amounts of drugs on the 
streets, an open market, and we were not helping the people who 
needed it most. It did not work. That being said, Mr. 
Secretary, our Governor did not do us any good in Salem, and 
she kept Measure 110 on life support.
    I find that unfortunate, but I need you to commit to my 
office that the states act in any future legislation will deal 
with it as you did in other areas, and not continue with really 
the failed process of decriminalization of cannabis in other 
ways as it followed Measure 110.
    I would like your support and connection on that issue.
    Secretary Becerra. More than willing to work with you on 
some of these issues. Remember, the cannabis action has not yet 
been finalized, but more than willing to work with you. We work 
based off of evidence, and so whatever we do has to be evidence 
based.
    Ms. Chavez-Deremer. Thank you. With that, Madam Chair, I 
yield back.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Thank you. Ms. Leger Fernandez, you are 
recognized for 5 minutes.
    Ms. Leger Fernandez. Thank you so much Chairwoman Foxx and 
Ranking Member Scott. It is great to see you again, Secretary 
Becerra, although I must admit it was a lot more fun when we 
were talking about rural health and there was mariachis, great 
art and food trucks, but here we are.
    Secretary Becerra. Those food trucks are not bad.
    Ms. Leger Fernandez. For too long, and I know you were just 
a year earlier, the country has suffered from opioid epidemic, 
and 2022 nearly half of young adults, age 18 to 25 had either 
mental illness, or substance use disorder. I do not want to see 
another headline of a promising young person lost to overdose.
    That is why I am introducing, and I am working with the 
Committee around my Campus Prevention and Recovery Services for 
Students Act. Right now, colleges must operate programs to 
support students struggling with addiction. My bill makes sure 
those programs are evidence based, and the Department of 
Education coordinates with SAMHSA.
    Secretary Becerra, can you tell us why we need to focus on 
evidence-based programs to address addiction, and how SAMHSA 
can be a key partner to the Department of Education, and these 
schools?
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman, thank you for the work 
you do here because what we are finding, and we probably have 
anecdotal evidence in our own homes, that oftentimes young 
people do not connect the facts with what they are doing, what 
they are seeing.
    They think it may not be a problem if you have four or five 
drinks and that that is not going to cause you any issues. Or 
they may not believe that there may be harm if you are taking 
particular drugs, even something like marijuana. It is 
important that we have data that shows what the true facts are 
so we can present that to our children, so they have a better 
understanding of what might come before them.
    Ms. Leger Fernandez. Thank you. Working with SAMHSA will be 
key for us. At the CHC on the Road event we had extensive 
discussion on the risk of closures of rural hospitals. Over 30 
percent of all rural hospitals in the country are at risk of 
closing. In my district alone, Alta Vista Regional closed its 
labor and delivery unit, Portales, the Roosevelt General 
Hospital reduced its staff hours.
    One bright spot, however, is HRSA's Delta Region Community 
Health Systems, which provides assistance to strengthen local 
healthcare systems across the Mississippi Delta region. HRSA 
does not currently fund similar grants in any western rural 
communities.
    Secretary Becerra, do you think that western rural states 
like New Mexico would benefit from a similar program, and how 
can we work together to make that happen?
    Secretary Becerra. One of the things that the President--
President Biden has done is given us opportunities and 
resources to focus on rural healthcare systems because as you 
have said, they are very stressed, but we could use more 
support to make that happen. You mentioned that the Delta 
Region Community Health Systems program, which has been very 
successful.
    I suspect there are other regions of the country similar in 
scope that could also benefit, so I would be more than willing 
to work with you on something like that.
    Ms. Leger Fernandez. Okay we will look at that. I know it 
comes down to funding as well, and we need to remember, and 
people on this Committee need to remember we want to support 
some of the positive programs that you have heard on both sides 
of the dais here, it takes resources.
    We both grew up in bilingual households and understand the 
importance of making sure our workforce is culturally and 
linguistically competent. In my district alone 34 percent of 
households speak a non-English language at home, and we know 
immigrants--immigrants get the job done, right?
    We are vital to our future success as a Nation, including 
adding seven trillion dollars to the economy in the next 10 
years, seven trillion. One trillion dollars in government 
revenue, right? We are paying taxes. We are key. Immigrants are 
key to our success, so we must make sure that we can also serve 
them in our medical environments, take care of their healthcare 
because they so often take care of us.
    Can you share with us how HHS is expanding the number of 
bilingual physicians?
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman, thank you for the 
question, and as a son of immigrants I can attest to what you 
have just said. What we are trying to do is make sure that as 
we expand the network of especially community health centers, 
that they are able to provide the services that are needed by 
the populations around them. More and more we are finding that 
to offer the linguistically and culturally competent care that 
is required, you really do need to bring in a workforce that 
can do that immediately.
    We are trying to support those efforts to try to bring in 
more physicians, more nurses, more healthcare providers, who 
come from communities that are often disadvantaged.
    We are also trying to make sure that we support services so 
that the communication between those communities and the 
healthcare providers are sufficient because sometimes if the 
communication is not sufficient, the wrong information gets 
passed, or insufficient information gets passed, and you could 
have terrible health outcomes. We know that there is a lot of 
work that we can do.
    Ms. Leger Fernandez. Thank you very much. Indeed, 
bilingualism is a superpower, and I want to thank you for that 
work. My time is expired, and I yield back, Madam Chair.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Thank you, Ms. Leger Fernandez. Mr. Bean, 
you are recognized for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Bean. Thank you very much, Madam Chair. A very good 
afternoon, Mr. Secretary, welcome back. I have got my very 
first question is something that unites us all, how about that. 
It also unites the American people because we're fired up. We 
are all fired up against people stealing our money.
    Medicaid and Medicare fraud, how much? Do we know how much 
is being stolen before our eyes, Mr. Secretary?
    Secretary Becerra. We do not have a precise number, but we 
know that there are folks who are always gaming the system.
    Mr. Bean. It is a very big number, and how about this? I 
have got a report from the National Healthcare Anti-Fraud 
Association, there is such an association that does a little 
tracking. They say it is 100 billion. Does 100 billion sound 
about right, or is that just getting started?
    Secretary Becerra. You know, I have heard many numbers, but 
I would not be surprised.
    Mr. Bean. It is a big number. Mr. Secretary, the American 
people tell me we want our money back, and hopefully that we 
are going after it. CNBC just did a little news story where 
they interviewed crooks that are stealing our money, and they 
say--the crooks say, it is just so easy.
    It is unbelievable. I know that the administration is 
pursuing and persecuting people, some will say that have not 
committed crimes at all, but what are we doing to go after bad 
guys that are stealing our money?
    Are we putting them in jail? Are we going after them?
    Secretary Becerra. We are. We have a team at HHS who does 
investigations. By the way, we are proposing four billion 
dollars to help us do the investigation, for fraud detection. 
For every dollar we have asked we agree to return about three 
to five dollars to the taxpayers.
    Mr. Bean. Do we track that? We should put that on a 
website. This is how much money we have got back. Now when you 
find somebody that has committed fraud, do we kick them out of 
the program, and can we ban them for life? Do you do that, Mr. 
Secretary?
    Secretary Becerra. We try to remove those who have violated 
the law.
    Mr. Bean. I hope we do because we want our money back. 
There is an issue, you know this, the American people who have 
health insurance and are covered sometimes get surprised by 
medical billing. They think they either go in for a procedure, 
or have an emergency procedure, and they get multiple bills, 
yet they had health insurance.
    Congress, 2 years ago, passed the No Surprises Act to say 
enough. The only surprise has been the implementation of your 
administration that is kind of fumbled the ball, or at least 
that is what doctors are telling me. They are telling me it is 
a big surprise that it is not done yet. Is this on your radar 
screen, Mr. Secretary, to fix this problem?
    Secretary Becerra. Absolutely. Everybody saw the new game 
in town, and everybody tried to get in, and only certain ones 
were eligible and so that is what caused some of the chaos.
    Mr. Bean. I hope you will consider that I meet with 
doctors. There are anesthesiologists, there are dermatologists, 
there is everybody here say it, we cannot get relief.
    Secretary Becerra. The good thing is, the consumers are now 
out of that food fight.
    Mr. Bean. Let us hope so, but people are not getting paid, 
and it is no fun to work for free, and that is what is 
happening. Mr. Secretary, Florida, and I represent the free 
State of Florida, the Florida Department of Children and 
Families just put out a report this week citing disturbing 
findings, and that is that NGO's, non-governmental 
organizations operating under the guidance of the Office of 
Refugee Resettlement, under your leadership, are placing 
children in unsafe, unvetted settings.
    Even worse, are explicitly prohibited from reporting 
concerns to law enforcement. Are you aware of this report?
    Secretary Becerra. Actually, the State of Florida took the 
initiative to remove the licensing requirement for these care 
centers, which does not make any sense.
    Mr. Bean. Well, it does not make any sense that this report 
has come out that is devastating. I know we have talked about 
the 85,000 kids that are missing that we cannot find that you 
have called. I know you are calling to try to locate them, but 
we are still putting them, according to this report, we are 
putting them in places that you do not.
    Secretary Becerra. It is not accurate, but I understand 
what you are trying to say.
    Mr. Bean. 10-4, so you are aware of their report. I know 
just earlier you talked about if a kid comes to our border and 
crosses the line, and you gave the example of a 15-year-old 
kid. A 15-year-old kid wants a hearing. Then that 15-year-old 
kid is not sent back home, they are allowed to stay and given a 
hearing.
    What if that kid is 12 years old and says I want a hearing. 
Would we do that for a 12 year old?
    Secretary Becerra. If an individual crosses the border and 
says I am seeking asylum by law----
    Mr. Bean. Even 12? 12? Okay. 9? 7? What age do we say you 
know what, you belong with your parents? What age? You said a 
12 year old can do it. They cannot get a tattoo in America 
because they are not old enough, but you are saying a 12 year 
old can say I am leaving my family, and we keep them, so a 7-
year old?
    Would you say a 7-year old is enough to say I want a 
hearing, and you would not say you need to stay, we are not 
going to put you back with your parents? Is that what you are 
saying, Mr. Secretary?
    Secretary Becerra. It is not what I say, Congressman, it is 
what you and Congress have said, and by statute you say that if 
an individual requests asylum.
    Mr. Bean. Mr. Secretary, I just think it is unacceptable as 
a parent that if you have these young kids are coming in and we 
not only are losing them, but we are not putting them back with 
the family.
    Secretary Becerra. Then you have to change the law.
    Mr. Bean. Thanks for coming out today, and with that Madam 
Chair I yield back time.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Thank you, Mr. Bean. Ms. Houchin, you are 
recognized for 5 minutes.
    Ms. Houchin. Thank you, Madam Chair. Thank you, Mr. 
Secretary for coming before us today. I am going to pick right 
up where Mr. Bean left off because I too am a mom who is very, 
very concerned about the number of kids who have gone missing, 
unaccompanied minors who have gone missing under your watch. 
You have said repeatedly.
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman, let me repeat again, no 
child has gone missing under our watch.
    Ms. Houchin. Excuse me, it is my time.
    Secretary Becerra. No child has gone missing under our 
watch, just to correct you.
    Ms. Houchin. No children have gone missing on your watch?
    Secretary Becerra. Under our watch, no child has gone 
missing.
    Ms. Houchin. You know where all of those 85,000 kids are?
    Secretary Becerra. Those children that are in our custody, 
we know where they are.
    Ms. Houchin. The ones that are in your custody, okay. You 
keep repeating that.
    Secretary Becerra. It is hard for me to contact people I do 
not have custody over.
    Ms. Houchin. Let me--this is my time, Mr. Secretary. I am 
looking at a report from Axios, back in 2021, and this says 
this is critical of the Trump administration. Roughly one in 
three calls made to release migrant kids and their sponsors 
went unanswered, raising questions about the government's 
ability to protect minors after they are released to family 
members, or others in the U.S.
    Mark Greenberg, who oversaw the unaccompanied and minors' 
program during the Obama administration was briefed on Axios's 
findings and says that is very dismaying. If large numbers of 
children and sponsors are not being reached, that is a very big 
gap in efforts to help them. Under the Trump administration, 
Axios reported that there were 1,500 kids that he lost that 
could not be accounted for, 1,500 kids under the Trump 
administration.
    Under your administration that number is close to 85,000. 
On March 1, 2023, the Homeland Security Act of 2022 transferred 
responsibility for the care and placement of unaccompanied 
children from the Commission of the Immigration and 
Naturalization Service to the Director of the Office of Refugee 
Resettlement.
    Who does the Office of Refugee Resettlement, who does that 
Director report to?
    Secretary Becerra. Congresswoman, if you want us to have 
jurisdiction over these children you can give us that authority 
by law. Right now, we do not have the authority to follow these 
children, and that is why it is inaccurate for you to say that 
we have lost any of them.
    Ms. Houchin. Let me just go on. Let me just go on because I 
think that is inaccurate.
    Secretary Becerra. I wanted to correct the record because 
you have misstated what we do at ORR. I just wanted to correct 
the record, Congresswoman.
    Ms. Houchin. Excuse me, this is my time. Please stop 
filibustering.
    Secretary Becerra. I understand Congresswoman, I just want 
to correct the record of what you said.
    Ms. Houchin. Madam Chair? Office of Refugee Resettlement is 
under the Department of HHS, that is your department. Since 
then, since March 1 of 2003, ORR has cared for thousands of 
children incorporating ``child welfare values.'' ORR takes into 
consideration the unique nature of each child's situation, and 
incorporates child welfare principles when making placement, 
clinical case management, and release decisions that are in the 
best interest of the child.
    Are 85,000 missing children, is that in their best 
interest?
    Secretary Becerra. Again, Congresswoman, you are 
mischaracterizing what is going on.
    Ms. Houchin. I do not believe I am, sir. I worked in child 
welfare, and what is happening----
    Secretary Becerra. If you think 85,000 children are 
missing, why have you not tried to pass a law to make sure we 
could find them? If you are so concerned.
    Ms. Houchin. I believe that is what happening is you are 
releasing them from your custody. That is what I believe is 
happening.
    Secretary Becerra. No. We are doing what our law requires 
ma'am.
    Ms. Houchin. Is that under ORR authority that it is your 
responsibility to care for those children.
    Secretary Becerra. While they are in our custody.
    Ms. Houchin. It is your responsibility to watch out for 
them, it absolutely is.
    Secretary Becerra. Okay, but you do not recognize and 
understand the law. The law has not given us the authority to 
do what you just said, Congresswoman.
    Ms. Houchin. Let me go back to according to the FBI more 
than 98 percent of all children that go missing in the United 
States are found, however less than 1 percent of all migrant 
children reported missing to HHS between October 2019 and April 
2023 have been found. This I would like to submit for the 
record, this is from the Center for Public Integrity.
    A spike in reports of missing and runaway migrant kids. 
Beginning in 2020 up to 2022, we see if you can see a huge 
spike in the number of reports of missing and runaway migrant 
children, again, under HHS authority, only 1 percent of those--
--
    Secretary Becerra. They are not under HHS authority ma'am. 
I keep trying to clarify that for you.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Without objection.
    [The information of Ms. Houchin follows:]
    [GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]    

    Ms. Houchin. Thank you, Madam Chair. I am extremely 
frustrated as a mom, as a former child caseworker, you know, it 
was--Democrats were very critical of Donald Trump and his 
administration when there were 1,500 kids that fell into this 
category. Under this administration there is an unbelievable 
number of 85,000 missing migrant children.
    I would encourage the Department to not release these kids 
when they find placement, and to keep track of them for their 
own personal safety. With that I would like to yield the 
remainder of my time to Representative Owens.
    Mr. Owens. Thank you. Thank you so much. I just have to 
clarify a couple things. The rule that we talked about earlier 
says that the gender identity of sexuality is protected under 
Title six discrimination. I want to clarify. You mentioned that 
the doctors are not forced to, they are not punished. What 
about the institutions that hire these doctors?
    If the institutions that hire these doctors tied into your 
Federal funds do not adhere to this discrimination that this 
rule is now tied to, are they defunded, are there taken away 
funds?
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman, I hope you understand the 
way the----
    Mr. Owens. One at a time. It is a yes or no, are you 
punishing the institution?
    Secretary Becerra. We are not punishing, no.
    Mr. Owens. There is no punishment for breaking the rule?
    Secretary Becerra. These institutions understand what they 
are supposed to do if they are going to take Federal dollars.
    Mr. Owens. Okay. You are going to punish--you take away the 
dollars, right?
    Secretary Becerra. No. We--they decide that if they want to 
take a Federal dollar, they must follow Federal rules.
    Mr. Owens. You will take away their dollars, they are 
deciding, but you are putting that out if they do not----
    Chairwoman Foxx. Mr. Owens, we will ask the Secretary to 
please respond more thoroughly to the question.
    Secretary Becerra. Which question is that?
    Chairwoman Foxx. From Mr. Owens. I will get--make sure that 
question is clarified. Thank you.
    Secretary Becerra. Thank you.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Mr. Moran, you are recognized for 5 
minutes.
    Mr. Moran. Thank you, Chairwoman. Secretary Becerra, I want 
to talk to you about something that I think is very bipartisan, 
so let us take a deep breath. I know a lot of stuff we talked 
about here today is partisan in nature, and frankly, a lot of 
it we disagree with. I think there is something we can agree 
on, and that is we can agree on the protection of children from 
child abuse.
    We can agree that we should not just prevent it, but we 
should protect those that are in those situations and get them 
out as soon as possible. Would you agree with that?
    Secretary Becerra. I would.
    Mr. Moran. Yes. Mr. Secretary, the Child Abuse Prevention 
and Treatment Act, also know as CAPTA authorizes grants to 
states to assist communities to prevent child abuse and 
neglect. Your department is tasked with overseeing the 
implementation of CAPTA as you are aware.
    I believe that as I mentioned everybody here should be on 
the same page with trying to prevent sexual abuse, and the 
exploitation of children. It is awful, and it should be 
stopped. I am sure you agree with that as you said, correct?
    Secretary Becerra. As I say, no child should be abused.
    Mr. Moran. That is right. I am sure you are also aware that 
a high number, a high percent of abusers are actually connected 
either by family or close friendships to those that they abuse. 
Are you aware of that as well?
    Secretary Becerra. I think you are accurate.
    Mr. Moran. Yes. The numbers that we see across the board is 
about 90 percent of those that are being abused are being 
abused by those that are closest to them, and that is just so 
despicable. In Texas, the average child spends about 7 hours a 
day in their school system. That means that most students are 
spending a good portion of their day, sometimes more with 
teachers and with staff, and school personnel than they are 
with their family members at home.
    That provides an opportunity for them to cry out when 
necessary. That also provides an opportunity for those teachers 
and staff to recognize those students that are being abused 
throughout the day, and then to help step in, in that moment. 
Would you also agree with that?
    Secretary Becerra. You said a lot. For the most part I do 
believe that we have to make sure that we are providing ways 
for children to communicate that they are being abused, or to 
be able to spot the abuse.
    Mr. Moran. Yes. In fact, skilled personnel are critical to 
help identify child abuse cases. I think they account for about 
52 percent of all identified child abuse cases that are 
actually reported. With that in mind, I strongly believe that 
lots of child sexual abuse can be prevented or stopped through 
our educational institutions with enhanced prevention policies 
and enhanced opportunities for guidance in that area.
    Do you believe it is important for teachers, school 
employees, and other care givers who work with children to be 
educated about the signs of children being sexually abused?
    Secretary Becerra. I know in some areas of the country they 
do receive some training, but certainly I think the more that 
are teachers, and those who have--who are surrounded by 
children most of the time should have some training.
    Mr. Moran. Yes. I agree. Do you think additional resources 
for teachers, school employees, and other caregivers would be 
helpful in these efforts for them to be able to identify and 
report so that we can combat sexual abuse?
    Secretary Becerra. I think most teachers would say that 
that would be a good thing to provide the resources for them to 
be trained and have the resources to implement.
    Mr. Moran. I completely agree with you. In fact, 
Representative Wild, who is a Democrat from Pennsylvania and I, 
are working on this exact issue. I have reintroduced what is 
called the Jenna Quinn Law of 2024, named after Jenna Quinn, a 
sexual abuse survivor from Texas. This bill would allow HHS to 
use existing Federal funds to be used for eligible entities for 
increasing evidence based or information training on sexual 
abuse prevention.
    It does exactly what you and I just agreed needs to 
actually happen, is we need to open up additional resources. No 
additional cost to taxpayers, but more resources here where 
schools and institutions can tap into these existing resources, 
and get education and training for their teachers so they can 
report these sexual abuses.
    Data has shown that after this law passed in Texas, and it 
has passed in a lot of states, educators report abuse at almost 
four times the rate than before. It sounds like good progress 
in my State.
    Nearly every Committee member on this Committee in their 
own home State has enacted a version of this. Their states have 
enacted that version. I think it is time that we have a 
national strategy to stop child sexual abuse, and I think the 
Jenna Quinn Law of 2024 would be a good way to do it. I hope 
you will take a look at it.
    With that I am going to reserve and yield the remainder of 
my time to the gentleman from Utah, Mr. Owens.
    Mr. Owens. Okay. Thank you so much. I just wanted to kind 
of on that last question I had for you. Are you saying then you 
are not going to punish the doctors that have religious freedom 
to say no to these operations. Is there any consequence to the 
institutions that are hiring these doctors? Yes or no?
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman, if you understand the way 
this works, an institution is seeking Federal reimbursement 
dollars.
    Mr. Owens. That Federal reimbursement would end if they do 
not----
    Secretary Becerra. They accept the reimbursement dollars 
under certain conditions. They have to follow the rules of 
Federal law.
    Mr. Owens. Those rules would be their employees have to 
make sure they do these operations.
    Secretary Becerra. They have to make sure they are offering 
services. If they hold themselves out----
    Mr. Owens. I am just going to say and then I will finish 
up. We have taken a lot of time for this one question. I think 
it is very stealthy the way you guys are approaching this. You 
are not hurting the doctor, but you are hurting their employee, 
that is what it comes down to. You are taking away their funds.
    Secretary Becerra. No. It is----
    Mr. Owens. The result is the same.
    Secretary Becerra. Congressman, it has been very direct, 
and again, people have conscious rights, religious rights.
    Mr. Owens. You are punishing the institution. I yield back, 
I think--I yield back.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Mr. Scott, you are recognized for 5 
minutes.
    Mr. Scott. Thank you. Welcome again, Mr. Secretary. Mr. 
Secretary, you have got a lot of questions about problems at 
the border. A lot of complaints. Are you familiar with the 
legislation negotiated by Senator Lankford from Oklahoma?
    Secretary Becerra. Generally familiar with it, yes.
    Mr. Scott. That would have solved a lot of problems. What 
happened to that bill?
    Secretary Becerra. Well, my understanding is that the 
Republican leadership in the House that they would not put it 
up for a vote, and the Republicans in the Senate, after the 
negotiations by a Republican Senator decided to bury it as 
well.
    Mr. Scott. That they could continue to complain rather than 
actually do something. Is that right?
    Secretary Becerra. It would have addressed many of the 
issues that many of these members have raised.
    Mr. Scott. Thank you. The nursing home rule, have you found 
any correlation between staffing and deaths in nursing homes, 
not just anecdotal, but on a statistical basis where there is a 
correlation between staffing and deaths in the nursing home?
    Secretary Becerra. Substantial.
    Mr. Scott. Okay. You mentioned, and I think you got cutoff, 
how life was before the Affordable Care Act. People with 
preexisting conditions could not get insurance, insurance rates 
were skyrocketing every year, millions of people were losing 
their insurance every year. The benefits they could sell--they 
did not have any essential benefits.
    We now have the lowest proportion of America with--the 
lowest uninsured. Do you have proposals to make it even better, 
to lower the number of people uninsured?
    Secretary Becerra. Absolutely.
    Mr. Scott. Particularly in states without Medicaid 
expansion?
    Secretary Becerra. That is right. The 1.7 million Americans 
would have access. North Carolina just recently last year 
expanded Medicaid more than 600,000 of their population have 
qualified. They are almost at that number who have actually 
signed up now to get healthcare.
    It is a remarkable thing when you can so quickly give 
people access to good quality care.
    Mr. Scott. Thank you.
    Secretary Becerra. By the way, they also got a bonus check 
for 1.6 billion dollars for expanding Medicaid.
    Mr. Scott. Thank you. You mentioned mental health, the 
historic investments in mental health. Is that in addition to 
the fact that we now have mental health parity, so the 
insurance policy, private insurance covers mental health, and 
more people have insurance, particularly under the Affordable 
Care Act and Medicaid expansion?
    Are those investments in addition to those?
    Secretary Becerra. In addition. Although I think you 
recognize Congressman that most insurers are still not fully 
implementing the law that requires parity in treatment of 
mental health the way we treat physical health.
    Mr. Scott. Are you trying to enforce that mental health 
parity?
    Secretary Becerra. We are trying to make it clear that that 
is the law.
    Mr. Scott. Head Start is under the jurisdiction of Health 
and Human Services, not Education. What services are provided 
in the Head Start program that make it more appropriate for 
Health and Human Services than Education to be the appropriate 
department?
    Secretary Becerra. We provide a full spectrum of care 
within the Head Start program so it is not just the educational 
service because you are talking about children who are under 
the age of 5. What we are trying to do, and we have a proposed 
rule that is out there, that would try to make sure that every 
slot that has made available for each State for a Head Start 
child is used, because we have too many slots that are not 
being used.
    We are also trying to make sure that we professionalize the 
Head Start workforce because too many of the teachers at Head 
Start are being paid less than what you can make going to flip 
burgers in a fast food joint.
    Mr. Scott. Do the services like vaccinations and things 
like that, do those extra services that you provide that would 
not be provided in Education, do those services make a 
difference?
    Secretary Becerra. Absolutely. All those additional 
services make a difference.
    Mr. Scott. Childcare is a challenging problem for all 
families. Child Care and Development Block Grant provides 
childcare services for low-income families. Do all that 
qualify, can they get childcare assistance?
    Secretary Becerra. It is tough. The President's budget 
would make available childcare services to 16 million of our 
children who are lower income. It would provide them, their 
families with access to care where for about $10.00 a day they 
would get access to care, which probably saves them by the time 
the year is up, more than $7,000.00 on what the average cost of 
childcare would cost most families.
    Mr. Scott. What have you done in 504 Rehabilitation Act to 
help those with disabilities?
    Secretary Becerra. For the first time in about 50 years, we 
have updated Section 504, which is so important to Americans 
with disabilities because it lets them be treated the way they 
should be, as Americans. Not as second-class Americans. A 
doctor cannot make a judgment that because you are disabled, 
they do not need to offer you some of the services they might 
offer to an able-bodied American.
    It is going to be game changing for many Americans who for 
the longest time found themselves being treated as second-class 
or put at the end of the line because of their disability.
    Mr. Scott. Thank you, Madam Chair.
    Chairwoman Foxx. Thank you, Mr. Scott. Thank you, Mr. 
Becerra, for being here today. Without objection, there being 
no further business, the Committee stands adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 1:08 p.m., the hearing was adjourned.]

    [Additional submissions by Chairwoman Foxx follows:]
[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]    

    [Questions and responses for the record submitted by 
Secretary Becerra follows:]
[GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

                                 [all]