[House Hearing, 118 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                  A COUNTRY WITHOUT BORDERS: HOW BIDEN-
                   HARRIS' OPEN-BORDERS POLICIES HAVE 
                   UNDERMINED OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY

=======================================================================

                                HEARING

                               BEFORE THE

                     COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                    ONE HUNDRED EIGHTEENTH CONGRESS

                             SECOND SESSION

                               __________

                           SEPTEMBER 18, 2024

                               __________

                           Serial No. 118-78

                               __________

       Printed for the use of the Committee on Homeland Security
                                     

[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]                                      

        Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.govinfo.gov

                               __________
                               

                   U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE                    
59-863 PDF                  WASHINGTON : 2025                  
          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------     

                    COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY

                 Mark E. Green, MD, Tennessee, Chairman
                 
Michael T. McCaul, Texas             Bennie G. Thompson, Mississippi, 
Clay Higgins, Louisiana                  Ranking Member
Michael Guest, Mississippi           Eric Swalwell, California
Dan Bishop, North Carolina           J. Luis Correa, California
Carlos A. Gimenez, Florida           Troy A. Carter, Louisiana
August Pfluger, Texas                Shri Thanedar, Michigan
Andrew R. Garbarino, New York        Seth Magaziner, Rhode Island
Marjorie Taylor Greene, Georgia      Glenn Ivey, Maryland
Tony Gonzales, Texas                 Daniel S. Goldman, New York
Nick LaLota, New York                Robert Garcia, California
Mike Ezell, Mississippi              Delia C. Ramirez, Illinois
Anthony D'Esposito, New York         Robert Menendez, New Jersey
Laurel M. Lee, Florida               Thomas R. Suozzi, New York
Morgan Luttrell, Texas               Timothy M. Kennedy, New York
Dale W. Strong, Alabama              Yvette D. Clarke, New York
Josh Brecheen, Oklahoma
Elijah Crane, Arizona
                      Stephen Siao, Staff Director
                  Hope Goins, Minority Staff Director
                       Sean Corcoran, Chief Clerk
                           
                           C O N T E N T S

                              ----------                              
                                                                   Page

                               Statements

Honorable Mark E. Green, a Representative in Congress From the 
  State of Tennessee, and Chairman, Committee on Homeland 
  Security:
  Oral Statement.................................................     1
  Prepared Statement.............................................     3
Honorable Bennie G. Thompson, a Representative in Congress From 
  the State of Mississippi, and Ranking Member, Committee on 
  Homeland Security:
  Oral Statement.................................................     5
  Prepared Statement.............................................     7

                               Witnesses

Mr. Aaron Heitke, Private Citizen, Former Chief Patrol Agent, San 
  Diego Sector, U.S. Customs and Border Protection:
  Oral Statement.................................................     9
  Prepared Statement.............................................    11
Ms. Patty Morin, Private Citizen:
  Oral Statement.................................................    12
  Prepared Statement.............................................    13
Mr. Jim Desmond, County Supervisor D5, San Diego County, 
  California:
  Oral Statement.................................................    17
  Prepared Statement.............................................    18
Mr. David Hathaway, Sheriff, Santa Cruz County, Arizona:
  Oral Statement.................................................    27
  Prepared Statement.............................................    28

                             For the Record

Honorable J. Luis Correa, a Representative in Congress From the 
  State of California:
  Article, NY Times..............................................    35
  Article, Politico..............................................    42

                                Appendix

Mr. Aaron Heitke, Private Citizen, Former Chief Patrol Agent, San 
  Diego Sector, U.S. Customs and Border Protection:
  Supplemental Prepared Statement................................    77

 
A COUNTRY WITHOUT BORDERS: HOW BIDEN-HARRIS' OPEN-BORDERS POLICIES HAVE 
                   UNDERMINED OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY

                              ----------                              


                     Wednesday, September 18, 2024

             U.S. House of Representatives,
                    Committee on Homeland Security,
                                            Washington, DC.
    The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:07 a.m., in 
room 310, Cannon House Office Building, Hon. Mark E. Green 
[Chairman of the committee] presiding.
    Present: Representatives Green, Higgins, Guest, Bishop, 
Gimenez, Greene, LaLota, Ezell, D'Esposito, Strong, Brecheen, 
Crane, Thompson, Correa, Thanedar, Ivey, Goldman, Garcia, 
Ramirez, Menendez, Suozzi, and Kennedy.
    Chairman Green. The Committee on Homeland Security will 
come to order. Without objection, the Chair may declare the 
committee in recess at any point.
    The purpose of this hearing is to receive testimony on the 
Biden-Harris border policies and how they have undermined the 
safety and security of America. I now recognize myself for an 
opening statement.
    President Joe Biden, his appointed border czar Vice 
President Kamala Harris, and Department of Homeland Security 
Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas have sparked the worst border 
crisis in American history. Looking back over the nearly 4 
years, Americans have witnessed a national security, public 
safety, and humanitarian disaster at our borders, and every 
day, we continue to feel its devastating consequences.
    The flood of inadmissible aliens across our sovereign 
border has been unprecedented. Since Biden-Harris' first full 
month in office, Customs and Border Protection has recorded 
more than 10.3 million encounters of inadmissible aliens 
nationwide, compared to 3.1 million between fiscal years 2017 
and 2020. In addition, there have been more than 2 million 
known gotaways on their watch, illegal aliens who are at large 
in our communities, whose intentions and backgrounds are 
completely unknown.
    Encounters at our ports of entry have exploded from roughly 
1 million between fiscal 2017 and 2020 to more than 3 million 
since the start of fiscal year 2021. That is largely because 
the Biden-Harris administration has devised a host of unlawful 
mass parole programs that encourage otherwise inadmissible 
aliens to cross at our land, sea, and airports instead of 
between them. This solves the terrible optics problem of 
overcrowded Border Patrol facilities and overwhelmed agents, 
but the end result is the same: tens of thousands of 
inadmissible aliens released into the interior of the country 
every month against the laws passed by this institution. It is 
just a shell game, a sleight of hand to skew the numbers. It is 
like when a parent tells their children to clean their room, 
only to find the mess simply moved from the floor to the 
closet. Things might look cleaner, but the underlying problem 
has not been addressed. So it is with the Biden-Harris 
administration's border policies.
    Other numbers further highlight this crisis. Tragically, 
tragically, roughly 200,000 Americans have died from fentanyl 
that has been smuggled across the Southwest Border by criminal 
cartels. Border Patrol arrests of illegal aliens with criminal 
backgrounds have more than doubled on the Biden-Harris watch, 
from around 22,000 to more than 53,000. Apprehensions of 
Chinese nationals crossing the Southwest Border illegally 
exceed 36,000 just this fiscal year, more than fiscal year 2007 
through 2020 combined. These are major national security and 
public safety concerns.
    This unprecedented surge across our borders was made 
possible by the Biden-Harris administration. In 2019 and 2020, 
Biden and Harris both declared they supported decriminalizing 
border crossings. Biden said that suspected criminal illegal 
aliens arrested by local law enforcement should not be handed 
over to ICE, contrary to the law. Harris called building more 
border wall systems ``a stupid use of money.'' Biden encouraged 
illegal aliens to surge to our border, his word to flood our 
asylum system with illegitimate claims.
    Their open borders and anti-enforcement rhetoric soon 
became a reality. Upon assuming office, Biden-Harris worked 
immediately to end effective border security policies and to 
dismantle decades of bipartisan immigration enforcement. For 
example, Biden and Harris have gutted detention. For example, 
in fiscal year 2013, the Obama administration detained 91 
percent of all illegal aliens, 82 percent of them from the time 
they were encountered until the case was resolved. In Biden and 
Harris' first year in office, that 82 percent dropped to just 
10 percent.
    Removals have also plummeted from more than 267,000 in 
fiscal year 2019 to around half that number last year, and as 
low as 59,000 in fiscal year 2021. Even worse, removal of 
criminal aliens plummeted from around 173,000 in fiscal year 
2019 to just 70,000 last fiscal year. Just yesterday, prominent 
border correspondent Ali Bradley reported exclusive ICE figures 
showing that since the Biden-Harris administration ended Title 
42 in May 2023, the administration has only removed around 23 
percent of all inadmissible aliens encountered.
    Despite the limitations put on them by the leaders, the men 
and women of CBP and ICE have continued to perform their jobs 
above and beyond the call of duty, and I commend them for their 
unwavering service to the Nation. Yet they know it is not 
supposed to be this way. Today you will no doubt hear more 
blame shifting and excuses by my colleagues across the aisle, 
but all of it is meant to mislead. You will probably hear about 
the recent drop in illegal border crossings between ports of 
entry along our Southwest Border. However, this does not 
account for the thousands of inadmissible aliens coming in 
daily through the ports of entry under the scheme I described 
earlier. Nor does it undo the damage done by the millions that 
have come in over the past 3\1/2\ years.
    This evidence also suggests no connection between Biden's 
recent loophole-ridden Executive Order and these new numbers, 
but rather step up interior enforcement by Mexico. As we saw 
recently, that enforcement is waning with the Mexican 
government now busing CBP One appointment holders from the 
southern Mexico border straight to the southern U.S. border.
    Coming almost 4 years into this self-inflicted crisis, the 
administration's action is much too little and far too late. 
For numerous families across the country, like those of Rachel 
Morin, Laken Riley, Jocelyn Nungaray, the damage will never be 
undone. You certainly won't hear how the Senate's border bill, 
which just a single Republican helped write, would have made 
the crisis worse. It would have only allowed tough restrictions 
once encounters passed several thousand per day, mandated mass 
releases through noncustodial detention, improperly expanded 
the use of parole, and more. It was a terrible bill, one that 
would roughly--that was roundly criticized by former heads of 
CBP and Border Patrol and ICE.
    Today's hearing is about getting the unvarnished truth from 
Americans who have been forced to live out the Biden-Harris 
open borders nightmare in their own lives. This administration 
has completely undermined border security through a host of 
policies and decisions that have overwhelmed and sidelined the 
Border Patrol. Biden and Harris have gutted ICE's ability to 
conduct immigration enforcement in the interior, making it 
harder to detain and remove illegal aliens, including criminal 
illegal aliens and innocent Americans are suffering as a 
result. The story you will hear from Patty Morin today is sadly 
just one of tens of thousands of stories of pain, suffering, 
and preventable tragedy.
    What you will hear from Jim Desmond is the account of a 
major American city that has been overwhelmed and overrun. It 
does not have to be like this. Later today, my committee will 
release a comprehensive report documenting an even more painful 
objective detail how Biden, Harris, and their administration 
have thrown open borders--thrown open our borders, and the 
chaos that has resulted. I encourage all Americans to read it 
at homeland.house.gov.
    As we continue to witness Biden and Harris' resistance to 
doing anything meaningful about this disaster, we have to ask 
why? Why did they let this crisis take place and why have they 
let it continue? I hope this hearing provides some answers and 
inspires President Biden and Vice President Harris to do what 
they so far have refused to: end this crisis and secure our 
borders.
    [The statement of Chairman Green follows:]
                Statement of Chairman Mark E. Green, MD
                           September 18, 2024
    President Joe Biden, his appointed ``border czar'', Vice President 
Kamala Harris, and Department of Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro 
Mayorkas have sparked the worst border crisis in American history. 
Looking back over nearly 4 years, Americans have witnessed a national 
security, public safety, and humanitarian disaster at our borders. 
Every day, we continue to feel its devastating consequences.
    The flood of inadmissible aliens across our sovereign borders has 
been unprecedented. Since Biden and Harris' first full month in office, 
Customs and Border Protection has recorded more than 10.3 million 
encounters of inadmissible aliens nationwide, compared to 3.1 million 
between fiscal years 2017-2020. In addition, there have been more than 
2 million known gotaways on their watch--illegal aliens who are at 
large in our communities, whose intentions and backgrounds are 
completely unknown.
    Encounters at our ports of entry have exploded, from roughly 1 
million between fiscal years 2017-2020 to more than 3 million since the 
start of fiscal year 2021.
    That's largely because the Biden-Harris administration has devised 
a host of unlawful, mass-parole programs that encourage otherwise-
inadmissible aliens to cross at our land, sea, and airports instead of 
between them.
    This solves the terrible optics problem of overcrowded Border 
Patrol facilities and overwhelmed agents, but the end result is the 
same--tens of thousands of inadmissible aliens released into the 
interior every month. It's just a shell game--a sleight of hand to skew 
the numbers.
    It's like when a parent tells their children to clean their room, 
only to find the mess simply moved from the floor to the closet. Things 
might look cleaner, but the underlying problem has not been addressed. 
So it is with the Biden-Harris administration's border policies.
    Other numbers further highlight the crisis. Tragically, roughly 
200,000 Americans have died from fentanyl that has been smuggled across 
the Southwest Border by criminal cartels. Border Patrol arrests of 
illegal aliens with criminal backgrounds have more than doubled on 
Biden and Harris' watch, from around 22,000 to more than 53,000. 
Apprehensions of Chinese nationals crossing the Southwest Border 
illegally exceed 36,000 just this fiscal year--more than fiscal year 
2017-20 combined. These are major national security and public safety 
concerns.
    This unprecedented surge across our borders was made possible by 
the Biden-Harris administration. In 2019 and 2020, Biden and Harris 
both declared they supported decriminalizing border crossings. Biden 
said that suspected criminal illegal aliens arrested by local law 
enforcement should not be handed over to ICE. Harris called building 
more border wall system ``a stupid use of money.'' Biden encouraged 
illegal aliens to ``surge'' to our border to flood our asylum system 
with illegitimate claims.
    Their open-borders and anti-enforcement rhetoric soon became 
reality.
    Upon assuming office, Biden and Harris worked immediately to end 
effective border-security policies and to dismantle decades of 
bipartisan immigration enforcement.
    For example, Biden and Harris have gutted detention. For example, 
in fiscal year 2013, the Obama administration detained 91 percent of 
all illegal aliens--82 percent of them from the time they were 
encountered until their case was resolved. In Biden and Harris' first 
year in office, that 82 percent dropped to just 10 percent.
    Removals have also plummeted, from more than 267,000 in fiscal year 
2019 to around half that number last year, and as low as 59,000 in 
fiscal year 2021. Even worse, removals of criminal aliens plummeted 
from around 173,000 in fiscal year 2019 to just around 70,000 last 
fiscal year. And just yesterday, prominent border correspondent Ali 
Bradley reported exclusive ICE figures showing that since the Biden-
Harris administration ended Title 42 in May 2023, the administration 
has only removed around 23 percent of all inadmissible aliens 
encountered.
    Despite the limitations put on them by their leaders, the men and 
women of CBP and ICE have continued to perform their jobs above and 
beyond the call of duty, and I commend them for their unwavering 
service to the Nation. Yet they know it is not supposed to be this way.
    Today, you will no doubt hear more blame-shifting and excuses by my 
colleagues across the aisle. But all of it is meant to mislead. You'll 
probably hear about the recent drop in illegal border crossings between 
ports of entry along our Southwest Border.
    However, this does not account for the thousands of inadmissible 
aliens coming in daily through ports of entry, nor does it undo the 
damage done by the millions that have come in over the past 3\1/2\ 
years.
    The evidence also suggests no connection between Biden's recent, 
loophole-ridden Executive Order and these new numbers, but rather, 
stepped-up interior enforcement by Mexico. As we saw recently, that 
enforcement is waning, with the Mexican government now busing CBP One 
appointment holders from southern Mexico to our own Southwest Border.
    Coming almost 4 years into this self-inflicted crisis, the 
administration's action is much too little, and FAR too late. For 
numerous families across this country, like those of Rachel Morin, 
Laken Riley, and Jocelyn Nungaray, the damage will never be undone.
    You certainly won't hear how the Senate's border bill, which just a 
single Republican helped write, would have made the crisis worse.
    It would have only allowed tough restrictions once encounters 
passed several thousand per day, mandated mass releases through 
``noncustodial detention,'' improperly expanded the use of parole, and 
more. It was a terrible bill, one that was roundly criticized by the 
former heads of CBP, the Border Patrol, and ICE.
    Today's hearing is about getting the unvarnished truth from 
Americans who have been forced to live out the Biden-Harris open-
borders nightmare in their own lives.
    This administration has completely undermined border security, 
through a host of policies and decisions that have overwhelmed and 
sidelined the Border Patrol. Biden and Harris have gutted ICE's ability 
to conduct immigration enforcement in the interior, making it harder to 
detain and remove illegal aliens, including criminals. And innocent 
Americans are suffering as a result. The story you will hear from Patty 
Morin today is sadly just one of tens of thousands of stories of pain, 
suffering, and preventable tragedy.
    What you will hear from Jim Desmond is the account of a major 
American city that has been overwhelmed and overrun.
    It does not have to be like this. Later today, my committee will 
release a comprehensive report documenting in even more painful, 
objective detail how Biden, Harris, and their administration have 
thrown open our borders, and the chaos that has resulted. I encourage 
all Americans to read it at homeland.house.gov.
    As we continue to witness Biden and Harris' resistance to doing 
anything meaningful about this disaster, we have to ask--why? Why did 
they let this crisis take place and why have they let it continue? I 
hope this hearing provides some answers, and inspires President Biden 
and Vice President Harris to do what they so far have refused to--end 
this crisis and secure our borders.

    Chairman Green. I now recognize the Ranking Member, the 
gentleman from Mississippi, Mr. Thompson, for his opening 
statement.
    Mr. Thompson. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. I welcome 
our witnesses this morning.
    But before I start, I want to begin by expressing my 
appreciation to the Secret Service for their work protecting 
President Trump over the weekend. There is no place for 
political violence in our country, and I won't--I am thankful 
former President Trump was unharmed.
    Turning to today's topic, I want to start by discussing the 
situation unfolding in Springfield, Ohio. In recent days, the 
Springfield community has received at least 33 bomb threats 
against schools, hospitals, and city facilities because of 
false rumors about Haitian immigrants abducting and eating pets 
in their community. Elementary schools have been evacuated. 
Residents are understandably shaken, and Governor Mike DeWine 
has developed--deployed State troopers to reassure the 
community. The Governor has tried to dispel the false rumors, 
saying, ``There's no evidence at all of anyone eating a dog or 
a Haitian doing any of that. These Haitians that are there are 
legal. They work every day very, very hard''. City officials 
have also repeatedly refuted the lies. Yet former President 
Trump and running mate J.D. Vance have pushed the false rumors, 
with the former President saying, ``They're eating the dogs. 
The people that came in, they're eating the cats''. Apparently, 
aware the rumors are false, J.D. Vance nonetheless tried to 
justify ``creating stories'' on the matter.
    Anti-immigrant rhetoric and racist tropes should have no 
place in our public discourse. They are un-American, and too 
often they have helped fuel real-world violence against 
immigrants and minority communities across the country. We 
recently observed the fifth anniversary of the Walmart attack 
in El Paso, Texas. A self-described white nationalist targeted 
a Hispanic community along the border, shooting and killing 23 
innocent people and injuring 22 more. Tragically, similar 
violent ideology led to deaths of 10 shoppers in a 
predominantly African-American community in Buffalo and 11 
members of the Tree of Life Synagogue in Pittsburgh. We have an 
obligation to be responsible with our rhetoric as we discuss 
border security and immigration.
    Then there is, in fact, a lot to discuss. From the Biden-
Harris administration's successful efforts to bring down the 
number of unlawful border crossings to the on-going need for 
Congressional action to fix our broken immigration system and 
provide more border security resources. While you probably 
won't hear it from those on the other side, border encounters 
are at their lowest level in years. Since the President's 
proclamation on June 4, encounters along the border and ports 
of entry have decreased by 55 percent, with Border Patrol 
recording the lowest number of border encounters since 
September 2020.
    The Biden-Harris administration has also removed more than 
92,000 individuals to more than 130 countries and conducted 
over 300 international repatriation flights. Total removals and 
returns over the last year exceed the total removals and 
returns for any year since 2010.
    The administration has also decreased the number of people 
released from detention pending their immigration removal 
proceedings by 70 percent. Meanwhile, Customs and Border 
Protection has seized more fentanyl than in the last 5 years 
combined, keeping the dangerous drug from reaching our streets.
    None of these administration actions are a substitute for 
Congressional actions to fix our immigration system and provide 
resources to law enforcement on the border. Only Congress can 
do that, and it is our responsibility to act. Unfortunately, my 
colleagues on the other side have refused to move legitimate 
border security legislation all Congress. At the direction of 
former President Trump, Republicans blocked the Senate 
bipartisan border deal, and they are refusing to move necessary 
border security funding. Republicans don't want border security 
solutions. They want a political issue. Don't believe me. Well, 
they themselves have admitted putting partisanship over 
progress. As one GOP Member of Congress said he is not willing 
to ``do too damn much right now to help a Democrat. Why would 
I?'' That is Washington at its worst.
    Former President Trump has now called for the largest 
deportation program in U.S. history with so-called concepts of 
a plan to deport 11 million undocumented migrants ``following 
the Eisenhower model''. The Eisenhower model, more commonly 
known by a name that includes an ethnic slur, which I won't 
repeat here, was a mass deportation begun in 1954 that rounded 
up more than 1 million immigrants, as well as brown-skinned 
American citizens. The former President even suggested using 
the military to sweep people under his plan, which would cause 
chaos in border communities, destroy millions of American 
families, and leave critical sectors of our economy, like 
agriculture, without the workers they need.
    Instead of partisan fear-mongering and dystopian 
deportation plans, we need real solutions about how we can 
strengthen border security, fix our immigration system, and 
grow our economy while upholding our American values. Sheriff 
Hathaway, an enforcement officer on the border, former DEA 
agent, and a fifth-generation Arizonian, I look forward to your 
insights today. I know you take great pride in your beautiful, 
safe community and have said that the immigrants who live there 
are family-oriented people of faith. I want to hear about what 
Congress can do to support you in your work. I welcome all of 
our witnesses and thank you for being here today.
    Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    [The statement of Ranking Member Thompson follows:]
             Statement of Ranking Member Bennie G. Thompson
                           September 18, 2024
  a party without shame: republican campaign season stunts ignore the 
             border and lead to threats on our communities
    I want to begin by expressing my appreciation to the Secret Service 
for their work protecting President Trump over the weekend. There is no 
place for political violence in our country, and I am thankful former 
President Trump was unharmed.
    Turning to the topic of today's hearing, I want to start by 
discussing the situation unfolding in Springfield, Ohio. In recent 
days, the Springfield community has received at least 33 bomb threats 
against schools, hospitals, and city facilities because of false rumors 
about Haitian immigrants abducting and eating pets in the community. 
Elementary schools have been evacuated, residents are understandably 
shaken, and Governor Mike DeWine has deployed State troopers to 
reassure the community.
    The Governor has tried to dispel the false rumors, saying ``there 
is no evidence at all of anyone eating a dog or any Haitians doing any 
of that. These Haitians that are there are legal, and they work very, 
very hard.'' City officials have also repeatedly refuted the lies.
    Yet former President Trump and running mate JD Vance have pushed 
the false rumors, with the former President saying, ``they're eating 
the dogs--the people that came in--they're eating the cats.'' 
Apparently aware the rumors are false, JD Vance nonetheless tried to 
justify ``create[ing] stories'' on the matter.
    Anti-immigrant rhetoric and racist tropes should have no place in 
our public discourse. They are un-American. And too often, they have 
helped fuel real-world violence against immigrant and minority 
communities across our country.
    We recently observed the fifth anniversary of the Walmart attack in 
El Paso, Texas. A self-described white nationalist targeted a Hispanic 
community along the border, shooting and killing 23 innocent people and 
injuring 22 more. Tragically, similar violent ideology led to the 
deaths of 10 shoppers in a predominantly African American community in 
Buffalo and 11 members of the Tree of Life Synagogue in Pittsburgh. We 
have an obligation to be responsible with our rhetoric as we discuss 
border security and immigration.
    And there is, in fact, a lot to discuss--from the Biden-Harris 
administration's successful efforts to bring down the number of 
unlawful border crossings to the on-going need for Congressional action 
to fix our broken immigration system and provide more border security 
resources.
    While you probably won't hear it from those on the other side, 
border encounters are at their lowest level in years. Since the 
President's proclamation on June 4, encounters border between ports of 
entry have decreased by 55 percent, with Border Patrol recording the 
lowest number of border encounters since September 2020. The Biden-
Harris administration has also removed more than 92,000 individuals to 
more than 130 countries and conducted over 300 international 
repatriation flights. Total removals and returns over the last year 
exceed the total removals and returns for any year since 2010.
    The administration has also decreased the number of people released 
from detention pending their immigration removal proceedings by 70 
percent. Meanwhile, Customs and Border Protection has seized more 
fentanyl than the last 5 years combined, keeping the dangerous drug 
from reaching our streets.
    None of these administration actions are a substitute for 
Congressional action to fix our immigration system and provide 
resources to law enforcement on the border. Only Congress can do that--
and it is our responsibility to act.
    Unfortunately, my colleagues on the other side have refused to move 
legitimate border security legislation all Congress. At the direction 
of former President Trump, Republicans blocked the Senate's bipartisan 
border deal, and they are refusing to move necessary border security 
funding.
    Republicans don't want border security solutions--they want a 
political issue. Don't believe me? Well, they themselves have admitted 
putting partisanship over progress. As one GOP Member of Congress said, 
he's not willing to ``do too damn much right now to help a Democrat . . 
. why would I?'' That's Washington at its worst.
    Former President Trump has now called for the largest deportation 
program in U.S. history, with so-called ``concepts of a plan'' to 
deport 11 million undocumented migrants ``following the Eisenhower 
model.''
    The ``Eisenhower model''--more commonly known by a name that 
includes an ethnic slur, which I won't repeat here--was a mass 
deportation begun in 1954 that rounded up more than 1 million 
immigrants as well as brown-skinned American citizens.
    The former President even suggested using the military to sweep 
people up under his plan, which would cause chaos in border 
communities, destroy millions of American families, and leave critical 
sectors of our economy like agriculture without the workers they need.
    Instead of partisan fearmongering and dystopian deportation plans, 
we need real solutions about how we can strengthen border security, fix 
our immigration system, and grow our economy while upholding our 
American values.
    Sheriff Hathaway, as enforcement officer on the border, former DEA 
agent, and a fifth-generation Arizonan, I look forward to your insights 
today. I know you take great pride in your beautiful, safe community 
and have said that the immigrants who live there are family-oriented 
people of faith. I want to hear about what Congress can do to support 
you in your work. I welcome all of our witnesses and thank you for 
being here today.

    Chairman Green. Thank you, Ranking Member. Other Members of 
the committee are reminded that opening statements may be 
submitted for the record.
    I am pleased to have an important panel of witnesses before 
us today, and I ask that our witnesses please rise and raise 
your right hand.
    [Witnesses sworn.]
    Chairman Green. Let the record reflect that the witnesses 
have answered in the affirmative. Thank you. Please be seated.
    I would now like to formally introduce our great panel of 
witnesses. Aaron Heitke served as an agent with the United 
States Border Patrol for over 25 years before retiring in July 
2023. During his time with the Border Patrol, he was stationed 
in Arizona, Minnesota, Maine, Washington, DC, Montana, North 
Dakota, and California. He held multiple positions to include 
patrol agent in charge, associate chief and deputy chief patrol 
agent before finishing his career as chief patrol agent of 
Grand Forks sector and San Diego sector. Mr. Heitke earned a 
bachelor of science degree in criminology from the University 
of Minnesota at Duluth and a juris doctorate degree from the 
University of North Dakota School of Law.
    Ms. Patty Morin was born in New York City and has 6 
children. She was a stay-at-home mom for 25 years and 
homeschooled her children. She returned to the work force after 
the oldest child graduated high school and entered the mortgage 
banking industry for 6 years. She then pivoted and spent 10 
years in retail management until she retired. She is currently 
retired and works part time as an office administrator for a 
church while living in Maryland. She is the mother of Rachel 
Morin, who was tragically murdered August 2023.
    Mr. Jim Desmond is a San Diego county supervisor, a U.S. 
Navy veteran, and a retired 33-year Delta Airlines pilot and 
captain. San Diego County Board of Supervisors oversees a 
region that spans over 4,200 square miles and includes 70 miles 
of Pacific coastline and shares a 60-mile international border 
with Mexico. With a population exceeding 3 million, San Diego 
County is the fifth-most populous populace in the United 
States, presenting diverse challenges and opportunities. As 
supervisor, Jim plays a crucial role in shaping policies 
impacting the county's urban and rural communities. Prior to 
serving as county supervisor, Mr. Desmond served for 12 years 
as the mayor of San Marcos, California, in San Diego County. He 
has served on many local communities and commissions in his 
roles as county supervisor and mayor.
    Sheriff David Hathaway is the sheriff of Santa Cruz County, 
Arizona. After graduating from the University of Arizona, he 
started his law enforcement career as a deputy sheriff with the 
Santa Cruz County Sheriff's Office. He then embarked on a 
Federal law enforcement career and worked in multiple DEA 
offices in the United States and in foreign countries where he 
occupied various supervisory positions. His last assignment 
before retiring was as the head of the DEA office in Nogales.
    I thank all our witnesses for being here today, and I now 
recognize Mr. Heitke for 5 minutes to summarize his opening 
statement.

STATEMENT OF AARON HEITKE, PRIVATE CITIZEN, FORMER CHIEF PATROL 
  AGENT, SAN DIEGO SECTOR, U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION

    Mr. Heitke. Mr. Chairman, distinguished Members, thank you 
for this opportunity. The only true consequence we have to slow 
down and discourage people from coming into the United States 
illegally is sending them back to their country of origin. 
Throughout the first 3-plus years of this administration, I saw 
a steady decrease in the countries we could send people back 
to. For the first time in my 25 years and under 5 different 
administrations, whether through neglect or on purpose, I saw a 
large-scale lapse in our ability to return people to their 
country of origin.
    The inability to send people home meant that most people 
being arrested for illegal entry would either have to be 
detained or released. The current administration, however, from 
Day one, made a point of decreasing the amount of detention 
space available nationwide. Immigration and Customs 
Enforcement's funding for detention has steadily been cut, and 
private detention eliminated.
    The fact that so many illegal aliens are being released 
into the United States spread world-wide very quickly. As this 
happened, the numbers the Border Patrol encountered illegally 
crossing the border increased exponentially. The impact to me 
and my agents were significant. Sectors were ordered to take in 
and process all the illegal aliens encountered on the border. 
The Border Patrol saw groups of hundreds and thousands coming 
into the United States and turning themselves in. These numbers 
pulled 80, 90, sometimes 100 percent of the agents on duty away 
from the border. Border Patrol zones across Texas, Arizona, and 
California had no agent presence for weeks and months at a 
time. Those who did not want to be caught could simply walk in. 
We have no idea who and what entered our country over this 
time.
    Throughout 2022 and 2023, I sent agents to Texas and 
Arizona to count gotaways. Those sectors could not even put 
enough agents in the field to see what they've missed. 
Simultaneously, in San Diego, we had an exponential increase in 
significant interest aliens. These are aliens with significant 
ties to terrorism. Prior to this administration, the San Diego 
sector averaged 10 to 15 SIA arrests per year. Once word was 
out, the border was far easier to cross. San Diego went to over 
100 SIAs in 2022, well over that in 2023, and even more than 
that registered this year. These are only the ones we caught.
    At the time, I was told I could not release any information 
on this increase in SIAs or mention any of the arrests. The 
administration was trying to convince the public there was no 
threat at the border.
    Fentanyl is another issue. The San Diego area sees between 
80 and 90 percent of the methamphetamine and fentanyl seizures 
annually for our entire country. With little enforcement at the 
border, these drugs were coming through en masse. During my 
last year in San Diego, the price for a single pill of 
fentanyl, for example, went from $10 to 25 cents. To make 
matters worse, during 2022 and 2023, I had to shut down San 
Diego traffic checkpoints, which are critical for drug 
interdiction, because the resources had been diverted to the 
process-and-release mission.
    The large numbers also had, and still have a negative 
impact on the San Diego community. I had to release illegal 
aliens by the hundreds each day into communities who could not 
support them. To quiet the problem, 2 flights a week were 
provided from San Diego to Texas. These flights simply brought 
aliens that would have been released in San Diego over to 
Texas. Each flight cost approximately $150,000. This was the 
administration's way to try and quiet the border-wide crisis.
    Once these flights were stopped and the releases continued, 
California saw the true economic impact. I received calls from 
the Governor's office, local mayors, and hospital 
administrators asking me if we could keep injured aliens in 
custody so the Federal Government would pay the medical bills.
    Through pressure from the administration, my headquarters 
became more interested in the fiction that was being portrayed 
in the media and not at all concerned with reality. Each time 
we asked for help in dealing with a new issue, it fell on deaf 
ears. At times in San Diego, we had 2,000 or more aliens 
sitting in between the fences asking to turn themselves in. I 
was told to move them out of sight of the media.
    Meanwhile, Border Patrol agents are continually forgotten 
and neglected by the media and this administration. These 
agents deal with death; women and children that have been 
raped, abused, trafficked, bought, and sold; families that have 
spent months in terrible conditions; sickness and despair. If 
you look at the dramatic rise in the number of suicides within 
the Border Patrol, it is directly correlated with the migrant 
surge. The agents have been pushed beyond their limit and this 
has greatly impacted their physical and mental health.
    While current numbers of aliens crossing our border are 
lower in comparison in recent months, there's a reason for 
this. After nearly 4 years, this administration finally started 
to ask Mexico for help in slowing down the traffic through 
their country. This and other actions make a difference, but 
why has it taken so long? All of these tactics were being used 
before this administration took office, but this administration 
stopped or greatly limited them. I'm also concerned this will 
not be maintained.
    The problems we are facing at the border have solutions. 
These solutions can be quite simple and cost far less than the 
mess currently occupying so much time and money. The return to 
a policy of enforcing the law and returning illegal aliens to 
their home countries is required. Thank you.
    [The prepared statement of Mr. Heitke follows:]
                   Prepared Statement of Aaron Heitke
    Mr. Chairman, distinguished Members, thank you for this 
opportunity.
    The only true consequence we have to slow down and discourage 
people from coming to the United States illegally is sending them back 
to their country of origin.
    Throughout the first 3+ years of this administration, I saw a 
steady decrease in countries we could send people back to. For the 
first time in my 25 years and under 5 different administrations, 
whether through neglect or on purpose, I saw a large-scale lapse in our 
ability to return people to their country of origin.
    The inability to send people home meant that most people being 
arrested for illegal entry would either have to be detained or 
released. The current administration, however, from Day 1, made a point 
of decreasing the amount of detention space available nationwide. 
Immigration and Customs Enforcement's funding for detention space has 
steadily been cut and private detention eliminated.
    The fact that so many illegal aliens were being released into the 
United States spread world-wide very quickly. As this happened the 
numbers the Border Patrol encountered illegally crossing the border 
increased exponentially.
    The impacts to me and my agents were significant. Sectors were 
ordered to take in and process all the illegal aliens encountered on 
the border. The Border Patrol saw groups of hundreds and thousands 
coming into the United States and turning themselves in. These numbers 
pulled 80-90 percent, sometimes 100 percent of the agents on duty away 
from the border. Border Patrol zones across Texas, Arizona, and 
California had no agent presence for weeks and months at a time. Those 
who did not want to be caught could simply walk in. We have no idea who 
and what entered our country over this time. Throughout 2022 and 2023 I 
sent agents to Texas and Arizona to count gotaways. Those sectors could 
not even put enough agents in the field to see what they had missed.
    Simultaneously, in San Diego we had an exponential increase in 
Significant Interest Aliens. These are aliens with significant ties to 
terrorism. Prior to this administration, the San Diego sector averaged 
10-15 SIAs per year. Once word was out that the border was far easier 
to cross, San Diego went to over 100 SIAs in 2022, way over 100 SIAs in 
2023 and more than that this year. These are only the ones we caught. 
At the time, I was told I could not release any information on this 
increase in SIA's or mention any of the arrests. The administration was 
trying to convince the public that there was no threat at the border.
    Fentanyl is another issue. The San Diego area sees between 80-90 
percent of the methamphetamine and fentanyl seizures annually for our 
entire country. With little enforcement at the border these drugs were 
coming through in mass. During my last year in San Diego the price for 
a single fentanyl pill, for example, went from $10 to 25 cents.
    To make matters worse, during 2022 and 2023 I had to shut down the 
San Diego traffic checkpoints, which are critical for drug 
interdiction, because resources had been diverted to the process and 
release mission.
    The large numbers also had and still have a negative impact on the 
San Diego community. I had to release illegal aliens by the hundreds 
each day into communities who couldn't support them. To quiet the 
problem 2 flights a week were provided from San Diego to Texas. These 
flights simply brought aliens that would have been released in San 
Diego over to Texas. Each flight cost approximately $150,000. This was 
the administration's way of trying to quiet the border-wide crisis. 
Once these flights stopped and releases continued, California saw the 
true economic impact. I received calls from the Governor's office, 
local mayors, and hospital administrators asking if we could keep 
injured aliens in our custody so the Federal Government would pay the 
bills. Through pressure from the administration, my headquarters became 
more interested in the fiction being portrayed in the media and not at 
all concerned with reality. Each time we asked for help in dealing with 
a new issue it fell on deaf ears. At times in San Diego, we had 2,000 
or more aliens sitting in between the fences asking to turn themselves 
in. I was told to move them out of sight of the media.
    Meanwhile, Border Patrol agents are continually forgotten and 
neglected by the media and this administration. These agents deal with 
death, women and children that have been raped, abused, trafficked, 
bought and sold, families that have spent months in terrible 
conditions, sickness, and despair. If you look at the dramatic rise in 
the number of suicides within the Border Patrol it is directly 
correlated with the migrant surge. The agents have been pushed beyond 
their limit and this has greatly impacted their physical and mental 
health.
    While current numbers of aliens crossing our border are lower in 
comparison to recent months and years, there is a reason for this. 
After nearly 4 years this administration finally started to ask Mexico 
for help in slowing down traffic through their country. This and other 
actions make a difference but why has it taken so long? All of these 
tactics were being used before this administration took office, but 
this administration stopped or greatly limited them. I am also 
concerned they will not be maintained.
    The problems we are facing at the border have solutions. These 
solutions can be quite simple and cost far less than the mess currently 
occupying so much time and money. The return to a policy of enforcing 
the law and returning illegal aliens to their home countries is 
required.

    Chairman Green. Thank you, Mr. Heitke.
    I now recognize Ms. Morin for 5 minutes to summarize her 
opening statement.

           STATEMENT OF PATTY MORIN, PRIVATE CITIZEN

    Ms. Morin. Thank you, Chairman, Ranking Members, and 
Congressmen. I appreciate this opportunity to tell Rachel's 
story.
    It started August 6, 2023. I was in Kentucky. We had a 
grandbaby that had just passed away from sudden infant death. 
We got the phone call and the phone call went something like 
this. Hello, Mom? There's somebody here that'd like to speak to 
you.
    OK. Hello?
    Hello, Mrs. Morin, this is Detective so-and-so. There's no 
easy way to tell you this. We found your daughter's body.
    I had just learned a few hours earlier that she was 
missing. We didn't know she was missing. She went on a trail in 
our town that's very public, very small, and we've walked it 
for over 25 years. She grew up walking this trail. An illegal 
immigrant that was a gotaway from El Salvador had waited for 
her on the trail. I was told that they grabbed her, dragged her 
through the woods, raped her, strangled her, murdered her. We 
were told that her body was blanketed in bruises. I can tell 
you from looking at her when I went to the funeral home that it 
was probably the most graphic thing that I've ever seen. These 
murders are very horrendous. He then stuffed her into a drain 
pipe. So when the detective called and he said, Mrs. Morin, we 
found your daughter's body, you know that she's dead. It was 
such a complete shock to our whole family.
    It took 10 months for them to find this suspected illegal 
immigrant. They used DNA because this man had attacked a 9-
year-old and her mother in Los Angeles. If they had done the 
border protocols that were in place, but was set aside, of just 
a simple DNA swab they would have known that he had an INTERPOL 
warrant for murder in his home country. That's why he was 
fleeing to the United States.
    They say that the borders are safe. We live 1,800 miles 
away from the Southern Border. They're not safe. They're not 
safe. If you have a sanctuary city in your State, you're not 
safe.
    I just traveled up to New England, that's where I hail 
from, so I could just go get some rest. I was surprised by the 
amount of immigrants from the Sudan and Congo. Tens of 
thousands that are up there. We have them coming in our 
Northern Border. We're not safe. I just hope and pray that you 
will listen to what we have to say.
    I'm trying to make my statement as short as I can so I 
don't cry. I just--Rachel was--when she was a little girl, she 
was like a little spitfire. Tiny little redhead. As an adult, 
she was this, like, vibrant, vivacious, outgoing person. 
Everybody just loved to know her. She was so compassionate and 
kind. She had a stammering problem, so she understood what it 
was like to be made fun of as a kid, so she was very 
compassionate toward people.
    She was a mom to 5 children. She was a businesswoman. She 
liked to exercise. She's the American mom. She's not the only 
one in our cities that have been murdered. There was another 
murder by an illegal immigrant from El Salvador that happened a 
year before, and that person was--just pleaded guilty to 4 
murders, 2 rapes, and numerous other crimes.
    They are bringing criminals into our country. They are 
allowing them into our smallest towns, and our people are 
dying.
    There is a video that we'd like to play. I'll just finish 
my statement. Apparently, it's not working. So I just want to 
take the time to thank you for allowing me to be here and to 
speak my daughter's story. I had planned other things, but it 
is what it is.
    [The prepared statement of Ms. Morin follows:]
                   Prepared Statement of Patty Morin
    Chairman, Ranking Members, and Members of Congress: Good morning!
    My name is Patricia Morin. Thank you for this opportunity to speak 
on behalf of my family and my daughter Rachel Morin, who was brutally 
raped and murdered at the hands of an illegal immigrant. This is her 
story.
    The American people need to hear, know, and understand the truth of 
the horrendous war zone we call the Southern Border.
    President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris's open border 
policy is having a devastating impact across our great Nation. I live 
1,800 miles from the Southern Border in a small town in northern 
Maryland. Yet a man who was wanted for murder in El Salvador made his 
way to my community . . . and ambushed my daughter on a quaint walking 
trail in broad daylight.
    I'm here today to make sure that my daughter is remembered as more 
than a victim. I hope that her story will be the wake-up call that this 
country needs to secure its borders and protect American citizens.
    As a child, Rachel was imaginative, kind, and upbeat--qualities she 
brought with her into adulthood. She was a loving daughter and formed 
strong bonds with her siblings. She was funny and exuberant, with an 
infectious laugh.
    Life wasn't always easy for Rachel. She had a speech impediment 
growing up, which led to a lot of bullying. She did not let that 
challenge slow her down or define her worth. It made her even more 
sensitive and loving toward others who felt unloved.
    As a mother, Rachel was playful and silly. She often laughed, 
joked, and played with her kids like she was a kid, too. This is pretty 
remarkable when you consider that Rachel was a mother of 5, which is a 
tremendous responsibility.
    Holidays and celebrations were very important to Rachel. She went 
all out to decorate and create memorable and magical moments for her 
children. Those efforts are especially meaningful now since memories 
are all that her children have left of their mother.
    Rachel created meaningful connections with her kids through every-
day activities as well. She believed in health and movement. Walks, 
swimming, working out, and bike rides were always part of Rachel's 
routine.
    She grew up walking the quaint ``Ma & Pa'' trail near our house. We 
always thought of the trail as a safe haven to get outside and find 
peace in nature. It never occurred to us that a predator would target 
Rachel while she was jogging on that bright, sunny day in August 2023.
    The circumstances of Rachels's death triggered extreme shock and 
denial for our family.
    We felt heartbroken at the severity and cruelty of the crime.
    We experienced extreme terror and nightmares for months. To this 
day, we still do not feel completely safe in our own homes and 
community.
    We are grieving the loss of Rachel's life and the future that was 
taken from her. That trauma is different for every member of the 
family. I lost my daughter, and I am heartbroken for her children. 
Rachel's siblings are mourning the bright light that Rachel brought to 
our family. The most traumatic impact is on Rachel's 5 children, each 
of whom is struggling to figure out how to cope without their mom.
    Rachel's eldest daughter is pregnant and will soon have a daughter 
of her own. She is navigating that path into womanhood and motherhood 
without her own mother. Her baby's birth is another milestone Rachel 
can't share with us, and that sadness underscores every life event now.
    The circumstances of Rachel's death compounded our grief. It took 
months for investigators to find Rachel's killer. While that process 
played out, our family endured false accusations and assaults on our 
character. Instead lifting us up, some community members froze us out. 
Relatives lost jobs because some community members thought it was bad 
business to mix with a family amid a murder investigation.
    We felt helpless and defeated as the months passed without an 
arrest. Finally, police released a sketch of the suspect, which renewed 
our hope. We made commercials, distributed flyers, and did countless 
interviews to bring attention to the case. The nationwide manhunt 
ultimately led police to an El Salvadoran national. This suspected gang 
member was arrested at a bar in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and extradited to 
Maryland.
    We felt relieved when the suspect was finally caught. But that 
relief quickly turned to horror and outrage when we learned that the 
suspect was an illegal immigrant. This man was wanted for killing a 
woman in his home country when he walked into ours.
    What's worse is that Border Patrol would have known that if they 
had followed the law and swabbed him for DNA the first 3 times he tried 
to get into this country. They just turned him around and allowed him 
to come back again and again until he finally got through the border.
    Border Patrol let a man with an open interpol warrant for murder 
walk right into our country to continue his crime spree. The open 
border policy of Joe Biden and Kamala Harris caused my daughter's 
death. It allowed a dangerous man to flee his home country to avoid 
capture and bring his reign of terror to American citizens. Not only 
did this man brutalize my daughter. He's also accused of attacking a 9-
year-old girl in California. Who knows what else he did while traveling 
from coast to coast?
    American citizens are not safe because Joe Biden and Kamala Harris 
removed the policies and safeguards that keep criminals out of our 
country. Their failed open border policies have led to two murders by 
illegal immigrants in my small town alone.
    I really want you to hear my words and take to heart what I and 
other families across America are saying. Please hear our cries for 
help! You each have taken an oath . . . an oath to serve our Nation and 
the citizens who make it great. Protect Americans by securing our 
borders.
    We are losing American mothers, daughters, and children to 
criminals. These deaths are 100 percent preventable. Let's use our 
resources to protect Americans and welcome immigrants who choose to 
enter our country legally. This makes much more sense than spending 
taxpayer money to feed, house, and provide medical care to illegal 
immigrants.
    The Biden/Harris administration has turned a deaf ear to the people 
they swore to protect. Please don't do the same. It's common sense to 
screen the people entering our country to ensure that they are here to 
contribute to our society rather debase it and harm our citizens.
    Do this for Rachel. Please.
    [GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    

    Chairman Green. Well, hopefully we get it. Are we close to 
getting it figured out here, team? We will definitely do that.
    Ms. Morin. OK. Thank you very much.
    Chairman Green. Yes, we will get it played here. Hopefully 
they will figure that out.
    Ms. Morin. OK. Thank you very much.
    Chairman Green. Yes. Thank you, Ms. Morin.
    I now recognize Mr. Desmond for 5 minutes to summarize his 
opening statement.

   STATEMENT OF JIM DESMOND, COUNTY SUPERVISOR D5, SAN DIEGO 
                       COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

    Mr. Desmond. Well, thank you, Mr. Chairman, for the 
opportunity to speak today.
    From September 2023 to June 2024, over 155,000 adults, 
predominantly males between the ages of 18 to 35 who crossed 
our border illegally were bussed and dropped onto the streets 
of San Diego County. That's an average of almost 600 per day, 7 
days a week for 9 months. No community, no county, no country 
can sustain that type of an invasion, an invasion of people 
crossing our borders illegally and being released into our 
communities without proper screening or vetting.
    I saw first-hand large vans and buses driven by Border 
Patrol agents pull into a San Diego County transit station and 
unload hundreds of people at a time, people who had just hours 
ago illegally crossed our borders, stepped off a shuttle, and 
were free to go into our communities ahead of anyone legally 
trying to enter our country. The first question for many people 
that I approached at the transit stations was, where am I? How 
do I get to Virginia, New York, or Denver?
    In Jacumba, California, a small border community about 50 
miles east of San Diego, I came upon an early morning 
encampment of approximately 50 people who illegally crossed the 
border the night before. They were waiting for the Border 
Patrol to pick them up and process them and then potentially be 
dropped in our streets. One man from India traveling with his 
friends said he paid $8,000 to an entity in India for the 
unimpeded passage across our Southern Border.
    That same morning in Jacumba, a Border Patrol agent told us 
that a group was coming across the border within the next half 
an hour. Soon, a black Suburban on the Mexico side of our 
broken fence sped across a dirt road, stopped, and dropped off 
about a dozen people, and then sped away. Men, women, and 
children wearing backpacks and pulling luggage crossed our 
border illegally, merely walking through a hole in the fence, 
approached the Border Patrol agent, and asked for asylum.
    Our Border Patrol has been reduced to processing agents 
standing by, watching people break our laws. One officer told 
me with deep frustration that his orders from the Federal 
Government were clear. Stand down. Do not engage, just process.
    What's more alarming is what teams saw later, was dozens of 
Chinese nationals dragging luggage down dirt roads at night. 
This is not an isolated incident. This is a daily reality in 
San Diego County. Border Patrol has become their Uber driver 
from the border into the city of San Diego, and San Diego 
County has become their nationwide travel agents at the 
taxpayers' expense.
    San Diego County itself, we spent $6 million to set up a 
migrant receiving center to assist those dropped here to move 
them more quickly to other parts of the country. These were 
local dollars that could have been spent on roads, 
infrastructure, and parks. Migrants slept in San Diego Airport. 
They stay in our homeless shelters, and our hospital and health 
care systems are strained.
    But what concerns me even more is our safety as a community 
and a country. Border Patrol agents do not have the time or 
resources or the ability to properly vet millions coming across 
our borders. I have witnessed and have brought samples of torn 
and shredded legal ID cards and passports that Mexico requires, 
and we do not. These remnants and ID cards are left on the 
ground within the first few steps into the United States. With 
no documentation our agents cannot be sure of their countries 
of origin, restricting background checks and jeopardizing our 
safety.
    What really keeps me up at night are the gotaways, the one 
who illegally cross our borders, who don't ask for asylum. They 
bypass our Border Patrol. They come onto our shores smuggling 
children and drugs by jet skis and boats. Boats are literally 
driven onto our beaches, abandoned, and the occupants run into 
our communities unimpeded because we are a sanctuary State. We 
have no idea who they are, where they're going, what their 
intentions are. They come and, poof, disappear, making our 
county and our country unsafe.
    I want to close with a warning for those here today. Most 
of the people crossing the border illegally do not stay in San 
Diego County. We're the doormat. They disperse across the 
country. They are headed to States and cities across the United 
States with potentially very dangerous nationwide implications. 
The Biden-Harris administration created this mess, and they 
refuse to acknowledge it. The administration is not properly 
vetting the millions of people led into our communities, and 
they are making our border counties and our Nation unsafe.
    Thank you.
    [The prepared statement of Mr. Desmond follows:]
                           September 18, 2024
                   Prepared Statement of Jim Desmond
    On December 24, 2022, San Diego was caught off guard by the news 
that Border Patrol, overwhelmed by the surge of migrants, would begin 
releasing them at transit stops across the county. This unexpected 
decision required an immediate response to prevent our transit hubs and 
homeless shelters from being overwhelmed by the influx of people 
seeking refuge.
[GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

    This marked the beginning of a broken immigration system playing 
out in San Diego County. From September 2023 to June 2024, more than 
155,000 adults, predominantly males between the ages of 18 to 35, 
illegally crossed our border and were bused into the streets of San 
Diego County. That averages 17,000 per month--almost 600 per day. No 
community, county, or country can sustain this kind of on-going influx.
[GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

    I witnessed, first-hand, large vans and buses, driven by Border 
Patrol agents, pulling up to San Diego transit stops and unloading 
hundreds of migrants at a time. Many of these individuals, with nothing 
more than a small backpack, had no idea where they were or what to do 
next. The first question many asked me when I approached them was, 
``Where am I?'' This level of disorganization exemplifies the lack of 
competence and control at our border.
[GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

    The process essentially goes like this: ``Welcome to America. Here 
are papers that allow you to stay. Show up to your court hearing--
scheduled for 2030--in whichever city you claim you are headed to. In 
the mean time, we're dropping you at a trolley stop.''
    The situation extends beyond the city limits. In Jacumba, CA, a 
small border community 50 miles east of downtown San Diego, I 
encountered an early morning encampment of around 50 migrants who had 
crossed the border the previous night. They were waiting for Border 
Patrol to pick them up, process them, and then release them onto our 
streets. One man from India told me he paid $8,000, in his home 
country, for passage across our Southern Border.
    That same morning, a Border Patrol agent informed me that another 
group was crossing the border within the next 30 minutes. Soon enough, 
a black SUV sped down a dirt road on the Mexican side, dropped off a 
dozen migrants, and sped away. These men, women, and children, carrying 
backpacks and luggage, walked through the gaping hole in the fence, 
approached Border Patrol, and asked for asylum.
[GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

    Even more alarming was what my team witnessed later: dozens of 
Chinese nationals, dragging luggage down dirt roads at night. This 
isn't a one-off occurrence; this is a daily reality for San Diego 
County. Border Patrol has essentially become an Uber service for 
migrants, and San Diego County has become their travel agent.
    Our Border Patrol agents have been reduced to mere processing 
agents, standing by as our laws are broken. One officer, speaking with 
deep frustration, shared that their orders from the Federal Government 
were explicit: ``Stand down.''
    San Diego County spent $6 million in local funds to establish a 
migrant receiving center to assist in quickly relocating these 
individuals to other parts of the country. That's $6 million that could 
have been used for roads, infrastructure, and parks.
    Migrants now sleep in the San Diego Airport and occupy homeless 
shelters, while our hospital and health care systems are stretched to 
their limits. Dr. Jay Doucet, division chief of trauma and surgical 
care at UC San Diego Health, described the situation as a public health 
crisis. ``People are being severely injured or dying at the border, and 
this is impacting trauma care availability for San Diegans.''
[GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

    The local financial toll is staggering, but the national security 
threat is even more concerning. Our Border Patrol agents don't have the 
time or resources to properly vet the individuals crossing. Many 
countries don't share criminal databases with the United States, 
leaving us in the dark about who we are admitting.
    This is not just a broken system--it's a threat to our national 
security.
    San Diego now accounts for 85 percent of all ``Special Interest 
Aliens''--individuals with known ties to terrorism. And over the past 
year, we've seen an unprecedented number of 30,000 Chinese nationals 
enter our region.
    California has become a magnet for illegal immigration, 
incentivized by free health care, in-State tuition, and now efforts to 
provide home loans and taxpayer-funded legal services for deportation 
cases. But make no mistake--San Diego County is just the doorstep.
    In fact, local law enforcement cannot cooperate with Federal 
officials in California. California maintains Sanctuary State laws 
that, for example, forbid local law enforcement from communicating and 
cooperating with Federal Immigration agents.
    I have witnessed and brought samples of torn and ripped legal 
documents, that Mexico requires, but the United States does not, left 
on the ground as they cross our borders. With no documentation, our 
agents can't be sure of countries of origin, and certainly can't do 
proper background checks.
[GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]

    What's worse are the ``got-aways''--those who bypass Border Patrol 
entirely. Whether they come ashore by boat or cross the border by other 
means, they vanish without a trace. On April 13, 2024, in broad 
daylight, a boat carrying a dozen migrants washed ashore in Carlsbad, 
North County San Diego. They ran into affluent beach neighborhoods, 
where black SUVs waited to take them further into the country. These 
individuals chose to evade Border Patrol altogether, leaving us with no 
information about their identities or intentions.
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    Even though the street releases have stopped, the chaos at the 
border continues. Border Patrol facilities remain over capacity, 
forcing the Federal Government to fly illegal immigrants from San Diego 
to McAllen, Texas.
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    For decades, the focus has been on Arizona and Texas, but San Diego 
has now become the epicenter of illegal immigration, placing an 
unsustainable burden on our local communities and endangering 
neighborhoods. However, this is not just a San Diego problem. Most 
illegal immigrants don't stay in border towns; they disperse across the 
country. This is a national crisis.
    The Biden-Harris administration created this mess, and now they 
refuse to acknowledge it. In the end, it's counties like San Diego, and 
the entire Nation, that are left dealing with the fallout.

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    Chairman Green. Thank you, Mr. Desmond.
    I now recognize Sheriff Hathaway for 5 minutes to summarize 
his opening statement.

   STATEMENT OF DAVID HATHAWAY, SHERIFF, SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, 
                            ARIZONA

    Mr. Hathaway. Thank you, Chairman Green and Ranking Member 
Thompson, for inviting me to testify to your committee.
    I am the sheriff of a county in Arizona, a border county. 
My county has the largest ports of entry with Mexico of all the 
border counties in Arizona: a large commercial port of entry, 2 
large pedestrian ports of entry, a passenger vehicle port of 
entry, a railroad port of entry. So we have the largest volume 
of movement of any border county in Arizona. Our community is 
very safe. Crime rates are low. Crime rates are lower than the 
average for the State of Arizona, lower than Tucson, lower than 
Phoenix.
    But I do have concern over the growing police state and 
surveillance state in the United States. The Border Patrol has 
what is called extended border search authority. We call this 
the Constitution-free zone. Any area within 100 miles of the 
international border, Border Patrol does not need to have 
probable cause to search, to detain you, to interrogate you. 
This includes two-thirds of the population of the United 
States, cities like San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York, 
Seattle, Washington, DC, Miami, Houston.
    But, you know, our border community is safe. But there are 
things that Congress can do, and you need to act. If you don't 
act, Presidential administrations will use Executive action to 
solve these problems. In the current and the former 
administration, the Executive branch is incentivized to come up 
with solutions because Congress has not acted. We have talked 
for years about comprehensive, you know, immigration reform. 
There are things that can be done.
    First of all, we need to have a robust guest worker 
program. You know, Title 8 needs to be revamped. Title 8 is the 
umbrella United States Code that covers all aspects of 
immigration, asylum, visas. I have empathy for our Federal 
partners because they don't know what they're allowed to do. 
They don't know, do we still have work visas, student visas, 
you know, tourist visas? All the protocols with everything to 
do with the border are unclear. This is something Congress 
needs to define, make these hard decisions.
    The asylum program is not the answer. Asylum was meant to 
be a little piece of the pie of Title 8, you know, for rare 
circumstances. You know, asylum, it's become the de facto way 
of issuing work permits. But asylum seekers can't even work for 
the first 6 months they're in the country. Canada is smart and 
they've realized, hey, they've imported tens of thousands of 
cleared asylum seekers into Canada to work there because they 
can't work here. They have the same problem we do. They have an 
aging population. They lack younger workers, and they've taken 
advantage of this kind of broken system to get more workers 
into their countries.
    So I want to keep my 5 minutes simple here. Two things, 2 
clear takeaways that I think Congress needs to do so that the 
Executive branch isn't incentivized to take action.
    One is a guest worker program. Make that clear. Articulate 
that. Figure that out. Consider things like the Farm 
Modernization Act that has languished for years. There has been 
pressure from the business community on both sides of the 
aisle, Republican and Democrat, to pass the Farm Modernization 
Act that would allow more H-2A agricultural visas. My family is 
a ranching family. We've been on the border of Arizona for 5 
generations. It was a lot easier for my grandfather to hire 
somebody from Mexico if American workers weren't available. But 
now it's unclear what the protocols are for getting work 
permits.
    Another thing that's needed, and this was in the bipartisan 
border bill that wasn't passed, is immigration judges right at 
the border. This was in the bill. There were some things in 
that bill I did not agree with. But if we're going to be, you 
know, infatuated with the idea, everyone needs a piece of paper 
approved before they can do a voluntary interaction with an 
American, well, get the officials right at the border that can 
make those decisions. The bipartisan border bill actually had 
in it the paralegals, the immigration judges, and the staff, so 
that people can come up to the border, present their piece of 
paper, make their claim, and if the answer is yes, it's yes; if 
the answer is no, it's no.
    This is not a Democrat versus Republican issue. In the 
1980's, 1990's, and 2000's, you had record years, over a 
million. This included Democrat and Republican administrations. 
Then there was a 14-year lull after that that included all 8 
years of Obama, last 2 years of Bush Junior, and all 4 years of 
Trump. So this is a cyclical thing, and I think it's 
disingenuous to try to paint it as a Democrat versus Republican 
thing.
    My time's up. So thank you.
    [The prepared statement of Mr. Hathaway follows:]
                  Prepared Statement of David Hathaway
    Both political parties share the blame for the lack of coherent 
policies when the United States interacts with visitors or immigrants 
from foreign countries. The resultant chaos can then be packaged and 
described as a crisis for the benefit of political actors. The blame 
lies with Congress as the branch of Government tasked with making laws. 
This is not an area that should be left to the Executive branch which 
then tries to fabricate solutions through ad hoc Executive action. The 
reality is simple. Border areas are safe and we, the residents of 
border areas, don't want to turn them into a police state or a war 
zone. My wife and I live near the border and we walk every night along 
the border. My county has the largest ports of entry with Mexico of all 
Arizona border counties. It is peaceful and safe. The vast majority of 
people coming to the United States are coming to work. It is 
disingenuous to conflate people coming to work with drug dealers or 
criminals. They come to improve their lives. Statistically, it has been 
shown that migrants are less likely to commit crimes than native-born 
Americans. They are also less likely to go on welfare or to receive 
public assistance than native-born Americans. They often pay in to 
systems like Social Security and never take out benefits. They 
contribute productivity to the economy which reduces price inflation. 
We have an aging population in the United States and we need younger 
workers. It makes me laugh when people talk about ``fighting-age 
males'' coming to the United States as if they are staging an army 
here. Throughout time, men have gone to where the jobs are and have 
sent money back to their families. There are ``help wanted'' signs 
everywhere. There needs to be an easier way for people to come here to 
work.
    Asylum seekers that are granted entry while awaiting a future 
hearing are not allowed to work for 6 months. We need to stop looking 
to the asylum process as a solution for the lack of workers. And many 
countries, such as our neighboring Mexico, are largely ineligible for 
asylum claims since the United States does not recognize political 
persecution as a factor in certain countries, like Mexico. Yet, Mexico 
is a very important trading partner with 80 percent of its external GDP 
involving trade with the United States and its geographically 
accessible work force. It is ridiculous to make a requirement for a 
migrant to express ``credible fear'' before they can come to the United 
States to work. But, that is the system we have created, so migrants 
learn that they must articulate fear in order to come to the United 
States to work. We need to re-establish a robust guest worker program 
as existed in the past. My family has lived for 5 generations on the 
U.S./Mexico border in Arizona coming in the 1800's before Arizona 
became a State. It used to be much easier for my grandfather to hire 
workers from Mexico if needed. Ranchers and farmers have been clamoring 
for years for the passage of The Farm Workforce Modernization Act which 
would allow American employers to hire needed agricultural workers via 
H-2A visas, but that Act has languished despite pressures on Congress 
from the business community.
    If anyone from Washington ever asks me what we need on the border . 
. . First of all, I say we don't need more ``photo ops'' from 
politicians who want to get their ``street cred'' by posing next to the 
wall so they can say, ``been there, done that.'' What we really need is 
something that was in the Border Bill that was killed for obvious 
political reasons. There was a provision in there for immigration 
judges and staff to be placed right on the border where decisions need 
to be made. We need the judges that can make those decisions at the 
border. Then, people wanting to come into the United States can present 
their documents and if the answer is yes, it's yes. If it's no, it's 
no. It is not working to avoid these issues and to kick the can down 
the road forever. Congress needs to make decisions to update Title 8 to 
allow decisions to be made at the border that benefit our country with 
workers and foreign trade that we need.
    This is not a Democrat versus Republican thing. Southwest Border 
numbers were high under both Democrats and Republicans for a 24-year 
period in the 80's, 90's, and 2000's including the administrations of 
Reagan, Bush Sr., Clinton, and Bush Jr. Then, there was a 14-year lull 
in Southwest Border encounters under both Democrats and Republicans 
that included all 8 years of Obama, the Trump years, and the last 2 
years of Bush, Jr. with none of those years approaching a million and 
most of them under half a million.
    And certain policies smack of racism. For example, a wall was never 
suggested for the Canadian/U.S. border. Title 42, a COVID policy, was 
never implemented aggressively at the Northern Border to keep 
foreigners from making claims. And it is odd to me that it has become 
fashionable to talk of walls, tariffs, and isolationism. Reagan was not 
a fan of walls. When the Soviet Union suggested that they were 
embracing freedom in the late 1980's and early 1990's, Reagan told them 
to prove it by tearing down the Berlin Wall. Reagan was also not a fan 
of tariffs. And yet now, we have outbound inspections of Americans by 
U.S. officials at our borders as Americans leave the country. This is 
happening in my town now as standard policy. Americans are now being 
searched and having their money seized as they leave the United States! 
This really smacks of totalitarianism and is reminiscent of East 
Germany. I don't think Ronald Reagan would have ever anticipated that 
we would reach a point in time when we would be in a wall-building 
frenzy and a tariff frenzy and when we would search and interrogate our 
own citizens at internal checkpoints and as they leave the country. 
When I grew up, I was told that we don't do that in America. Well, we 
do now. We might as well tear down the Statue of Liberty and throw it 
into the ocean.

    Chairman Green. Thank you. Members will be recognized by 
order of seniority, with an exception granted due to some 
scheduling issues today, as necessary for their 5 minutes of 
questioning. An additional round of questioning may be called 
after all Members have been recognized. I now recognize myself 
for 5 minutes of questioning.
    Mr. Heitke, you served as, the last job, you were the 
sector chief of 1 of our 9 Southwest Border sectors. I think 
you said you worked for 25 years in the Border Patrol under 5 
different administrations. Looking at your statement, you said, 
``This was the first time under 5 administrations, whether 
through neglect or on purpose, I saw large-scale lapses in our 
ability to return people to their country of origin.'' You then 
went on and talked about detention and how detention bed space 
was intentionally decreased and private detention was 
essentially done away with. You said that that word got out and 
then the masses came essentially. I am paraphrasing you.
    But I want to go back to your comment about whether it was 
neglectful or purposeful, because if you intentionally stop 
returning people, that is not something you just, oh, well, you 
neglect, and you intentionally decrease detention, those things 
that actually decrease the incentive for people to come here, 
that sounds purposeful to me. So would you answer? I mean, do 
you think it is neglect or do you think it is this was 
purposeful, designed to be this way?
    Mr. Heitke. I believe that the actions were purposeful, 
yes, sir. Many people don't understand that we can't simply 
fill a plane full of nationals from a certain country and fly 
them home. It takes agreements with that country. It takes 
diplomacy with the State Department to make those arrangements, 
and they're long-term arrangements. It takes diplomacy over 
months and years.
    Chairman Green. But purposeful.
    Mr. Heitke. But purposeful.
    Chairman Green. Purposeful. OK. So you mentioned, too, that 
there were massive periods of time when the border was just 
left completely open because the agents had to be pulled and 
you were directed to do this. How long were those agents just 
completely off the border and miles of the border wide open?
    Mr. Heitke. There were weeks and even months at a time 
between Texas and parts of Arizona and California.
    Chairman Green. I assume that is--you know, we want to look 
at these 8 ISIS folks that were caught in New York. I guess 
some of them actually crossed at a crossing. They filled up the 
CBP One app, 3 of them, and came into the country and were 
going to blow up an LGBTQ place in Philadelphia. But, I mean, 
those people that crossed during that time, any guarantees that 
they are not out there to do harm to the country?
    Mr. Heitke. No, sir, no guarantees.
    Chairman Green. Yes. You agree with the FBI director then.
    You mentioned twice in your testimony, too, I find it 
fascinating, that because it was overwhelming, San Diego, the 
administration actually created, for the cost of $150,000, 
plane flights to Texas of all these people as a way to keep it 
quiet. Then you mentioned, too, there was one point where you 
had, like, 2,000 aliens, and the administration directed you 
to, like, move them out of sight of the media. Can you kind-of 
clarify that a little bit?
    Mr. Heitke. Yes. So groups were coming in to turn 
themselves over faster than we could keep up. We only had so 
much space. We keep people within our stations. There's no 
other place to put them while they're being processed. They 
were building up, the media was showing them sitting in between 
the fences, and it looked bad and they wanted them moved. I had 
no place to put them. So they simply told me----
    Chairman Green. Why would they want to hide that? Why 
wouldn't they want the world to know what is going on? Why 
would they want to hide that? Why would they want to spend 
$150,000 to fly them to Texas to keep people from seeing the 
mass waves? Why?
    Mr. Heitke. It looks bad. I was--when I asked about the 
flights to Texas, I was very specifically told, there's a 
problem in Texas. There isn't a problem in California.
    Chairman Green. Wow. So purposeful policies wreaking havoc 
on the community, and we will just hide it. Perfect. Thank you.
    Ms. Morin, you have previously said that President Biden 
hasn't really showed any concern for anything the American 
people have voiced on this issue. It is like he is sitting in 
an ivory tower and we are just down here. He is not connected 
with the every-day person. Can you talk more about your 
frustrations with the administration and their handling of the 
border?
    Ms. Morin. Yes. Since my daughter's death, but also since 
we learned that it was an illegal immigrant that they've 
accused of murdering her, the Biden-Harris administration has 
not reached out to our family to offer condolences. I've 
noticed that when speaking about the border policy, they would 
rather look in the other direction. Kind-of like a little kid, 
you know, if I don't see you, you don't see me. I think that 
they are trying to avoid admitting that there is an issue even 
though tens of thousands of people a day, women and children 
are being attacked. Not all of them are in the news because 
some of them are not being murdered, they're just being 
attacked.
    I have people come up to me all the time because I know I'm 
Rachel's mom and they'll say, you know, a guy came up from 
behind me, grabbed me around the neck, and tried to pull me 
down to the ground. But I got away and I went to the police and 
I told the police. When they arrested the person, they found 
out that he had already attacked several other women. So it's 
happening on a daily basis. Not all of it is in the news. So 
this issue is bigger than people think.
    It's not just the Southern Border, because we're almost 
2,000 miles from the Southern Border. It's every State, every 
county, every city. People are living in fear. Just because you 
ignore it and don't acknowledge it doesn't mean that it's not 
true.
    Chairman Green. Thank you. I yield to the Ranking Member 
for his 5 minutes of questioning.
    Mr. Thompson. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.
    Sheriff Hathaway, can you expound a little more on how you 
see the use of people coming to this country being integrated 
into the economy of our country and whether or not you have 
seen a positive impact from their coming to this country?
    Mr. Hathaway. Yes, definitely, I'd be glad to. The people 
coming across are coming across to work. They're not coming as 
an invasion, to import an army, to have a secret army embedded 
in the United States to attack America and attack American 
values. They're coming here to work. They're people of faith. 
You know, a lot of them that I see are from Latin America, very 
family-oriented people.
    They actually reduce price inflation. When you add 
productivity to the economy, you see Help Wanted signs all over 
the United States. If you add productivity to the economy, it 
makes the economy more productive and price inflation is 
reduced.
    So it is definitely a benefit, overall net benefit to our 
country. I hate to say that--you know, I hate to use the R 
word, but it's the 800-pound gorilla in the room, the racism 
word. There's a xenophobic aspect to this. There was never a 
proposal to build a wall on the Northern Border, on the 
Canadian border. There was never any intent to aggressively 
enforce Title 42 on the Canadian border. So, you know, there is 
this kind-of racist component to it that we kind-of all ignore, 
but it's there smoldering in the background.
    Mr. Thompson. So I represent an agricultural district, and 
if it were not for immigrant labor in that district, we would 
have difficult times. The majority of the farmers who utilize 
that labor, law-abiding citizens, but they will tell you that 
we can't gin the cotton, we can't harvest the potatoes, we 
can't plant the seedlings for trees. They are just tough labor. 
My contractors tell me that the labor necessary to do roofing 
and other carpentry kind of skills, it is difficult to get 
regular people. So I think we have to put some kind of 
comprehensive immigration package together.
    In the interim, we have to protect our citizens, and I 
agree with that. The Senate took the leadership to try to 
fashion a bill that I referenced in my opening statement. We 
didn't even get a chance to consider it. That is so 
unfortunate. The legislative process says you agree, disagree, 
and somewhere in the middle is an agreement. We didn't get to 
that point.
    Just for the record, let me say that in the last 
appropriation bill, we had 22,000 Border Patrol agents in 
there. A majority of the Democrats on this committee voted to 
support that. However, my Republican colleagues didn't have. I 
just think that if we want to help, let's give the men and 
women who work the border every day the resources they need. We 
continue to do that. We continue to support it.
    All of us have been adversely impacted by the criminal 
element. I was a county supervisor before I came to Congress. I 
understand the burdens you have, but I also understand that 
Federal, State, and locals working together can overcome it. 
Immigration is primarily a Federal responsibility, and we have 
to do what we need to do to make that happen. Some of us vote 
to put the resources there at every opportunity, but the 
politics override reality, and that is the challenge that a lot 
of us have.
    So I look forward to legislation being put forward to this 
body that we can continue to address the fentanyl challenges 
that come. My sheriffs talked to me about it, but we have to 
put things in place to offset it.
    Mr. Heitke, the challenge for removal is we are a nation of 
laws, as you know. You work in the department. You just can't 
stop people and send them back. You got to give them that. We 
sent back more people during this administration than in recent 
memory, so we are trying. But if there are some things we can 
do, I look forward to working with my Republican colleagues on 
trying to make it happen.
    I yield back.
    Chairman Green. The gentlemen yields.
    I now recognize Mr. D'Esposito, out of order by request, 
due to his time constraints, for 5 minutes of questioning.
    Mr. D'Esposito. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. If I may, I think 
the video that Ms. Morin wanted to play is available. I would 
like to yield her 30 seconds of my time.
    [Video shown.]
    Chairman Green. Reset the clock to 5 minutes. That was 
really the committee's fault for not allowing her to play that.
    Mr. D'Esposito, I don't expect you to yield that. That was 
our failure. You are now recognized.
    Mr. D'Esposito. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Chief, I know that was mentioned in your opening statement 
about human tragedies that have been experienced by migrants on 
their journey to the border. I would like to specifically talk 
about those, especially the female migrants, the ones that have 
been taken over by gangs and others trying to get them across 
the Southern Border. You said that, quote, ``It's very common 
that female migrants are raped during the process. Most of them 
believe it's just part of the payment as they go up. It's 
unfortunately very regular within the population.''
    Can you describe to the committee your interactions with 
migrants over the past 3\1/2\ years and share with us some of 
the most shocking things that you have learned or are willing 
to share?
    Mr. Heitke. There's a number of them that I would. One of 
the key ones from San Diego is that when we had a large amount 
of undocumented minors coming into the country, we started to 
see recruiters in Mexico that would go around within the 
Tijuana area because the migrants would stage in Mexico before 
they came into the United States. Recruiters would go around 
within Tijuana and recruit teenage women to come to the United 
States, and then they would leave their families. Oftentimes 
they had traveled to Tijuana with their families, they would 
leave their families behind, come to the United States, claim 
they were unaccompanied minors, and they would be put up in the 
facilities that the charities had set aside for them in San 
Diego.
    Once they had been put up, they're not held in detention. 
It's just a room. They were given a phone number to call, and 
then a recruiter would come down, often from Oakland or Los 
Angeles, and pick them up. These young women were then brought 
up and forced into prostitution, oftentimes in the Oakland and 
Los Angeles area and other places within the country.
    We had active cases going on, but because we did not have 
the resources, because we were inundated with so many people, 
we couldn't follow up. This was actively going on within our 
area during the time frame.
    Mr. D'Esposito. How many years did you spend in the Customs 
and Border Patrol?
    Mr. Heitke. Over 25.
    Mr. D'Esposito. In those 25 years, is this the worst that 
you have seen in the last 3\1/2\ years?
    Mr. Heitke. Yes.
    Mr. D'Esposito. So it is safe to say that the disastrous 
policies that were implemented by both Joe Biden and Kamala 
Harris have led to some of the really most disgusting actions 
against women migrants along our Southern Border?
    Mr. Heitke. It has taken so much time away from the agents 
that they can't deal with those issues.
    Mr. D'Esposito. Obviously, there is a negative impact to 
the agents when they are dealing with situations like this as 
well?
    Mr. Heitke. Yes, dealing with the absolute despair and the 
misery. The vast majority of the people coming are good, normal 
people that have gone through extremely bad situations.
    Mr. D'Esposito. So Ms. Morin mentioned in her opening 
statement that she lives 1,800 miles from the Southern Border, 
and she said that in the country that we live in right now, if 
your city is a sanctuary city, these are her words, not mine, 
but I agree with them, that you are not safe. She said that if 
a city is a sanctuary city, you are not safe. Eighteen hundred 
miles she lives from the border. We have heard the terrible 
story of the murder of her daughter. Every State a border 
State. Every city a border city.
    We just commemorated the 23rd anniversary of the September 
11 attacks. You mentioned, Chief, in your statement, the Border 
Patrol zones across Texas, Arizona, California had no agent 
present for weeks and months at a time. Those who did not want 
to be caught could simply walk in. We have no idea who and what 
entered our country over this time. Throughout 2022 and 2023, I 
sent agents to Texas and Arizona to count gotaways. Those 
sectors could not even put agents in the field to see what they 
missed.
    What information do we have on the millions of known 
gotaways that have entered this country?
    Mr. Heitke. None.
    Mr. D'Esposito. Zero information of millions of people, 
some of which have found to be on the terror watch list. We 
have zero information.
    Mr. Heitke. Correct.
    Mr. D'Esposito. Thank you, Chief. Thank you all for being 
here.
    Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Chairman Green. The gentleman yields.
    I now recognize Mr. Correa, the gentleman from California, 
for his 5 minutes of questions.
    Mr. Correa. I want to thank our witnesses for being here 
today. Mr. Chairman, I want to take a moment to also thank our 
Secret Service for protecting former President Trump. I serve 
on the select committee investigating the assassination 
attempt. I can tell you right now that I want to make sure that 
all candidates running for Presidency are well-protected.
    According to the FBI and DHS, the biggest issue right now 
is domestic terrorism in this country. I have a chart here that 
shows all of the domestic terrorism attacks in this country 
today.
    For the record, Mr. Chairman, I also have a couple of 
articles. One, just think today from the New York Times saying, 
``Second Apparent Assassination Attempt on Trump Prompts Alarm 
Abroad.'' People around the world are concerned that our 
American democracy is at a breaking point. Another one here 
from Politico this morning, ``Russian Election Interference 
Targeting Harris Campaign.''
    Chairman Green. So ordered.
    [The information follows:]
   [GRAPHICS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
    
                                ------                                

                Article Submitted by Hon. J. Luis Correa
   russian election interference efforts targeting harris campaign, 
                            microsoft finds
Story by Maggie Miller, Politico
    Russian government-linked efforts to interfere in the upcoming U.S. 
Presidential election have increasingly shifted to target the 
Presidential campaign of Vice President Kamala Harris, Microsoft 
reported in findings published Tuesday.
    The new effort, which involves spreading fake videos discrediting 
Harris and her campaign, is the latest foreign interference linked to 
Russia in recent weeks, and shows a speedy pivot by foreign adversaries 
to targeting the Harris campaign after she replaced President Joe Biden 
on the ticket.
    Microsoft found evidence that two ``Kremlin-aligned'' groups have 
in recent weeks spread videos including those showing Harris supporters 
attacking supporters of former President Donald Trump, and another 
video that used an actor to pose as Harris in a fictitious hit-and-run 
incident. Each of these videos received millions of views, according to 
Microsoft, and one of the videos was put out through a fake San 
Francisco news outlet, in an attempt to give the video more 
credibility.
    The groups also posted videos to social media platforms X and 
Telegram showing a fake New York City billboard with false Harris 
policies. Microsoft found that this video received more than 100,000 
views on X in the first hours after being posted.
    The findings from Microsoft were announced 2 weeks after the 
Justice Department removed more than 30 websites linked to Russian 
election influence efforts. Microsoft experts said Tuesday that they've 
already seen efforts by this influence operation to create new sites, 
and move content there.
    ``The shift to focusing on the Harris-Walz campaign reflects a 
strategic move by Russian actors aimed at exploiting any perceived 
vulnerabilities in the new candidates,'' wrote Clint Watts, general 
manager of Microsoft's Threat Analysis Center, in a blog post on the 
findings.
    Russia is not alone in its activity. Microsoft also saw efforts by 
a China-linked group, known as Storm-1852, spreading content on social 
media critical of both Harris and Biden. However, Microsoft found that 
many of the individuals posting for the group went silent after this 
content was spotted. Chinese influence groups were identified earlier 
this month spreading content exploiting divisiveissues in U.S. society.
    Microsoft warned that this type of activity is likely to continue 
ahead of November, particularly from Russia, with the company 
predicting that Moscow will use hacking groups to boost its messages 
online, which may include propaganda created by artificial 
intelligence.
    This is the latest threat report released by Microsoft in regards 
to the upcoming U.S. elections. The company last month blamed Iran for 
targeting a U.S. Presidential campaign, which POLITICO reported was 
Trump's campaign.

    Mr. Correa. Again, we thank the Secret Service, and I think 
our priorities has to be protecting our democracy here in this 
country.
    Ms. Morin, thank you for being here. I heard your testimony 
in Judiciary Committee and I mentioned to you then, as I will 
repeat now, that in my district we had a young man, an American 
citizen, that we caught. His MO was raping undocumented women 
in the local apartment complex. He raped probably 20 women that 
reported being raped before he was caught.
    You know, I am about to say something I have never said in 
public, but my spouse, my wife used to be a marathoner. A good 
5, 6 years ago, she went out for a jog at local riverbed and 
was attacked by an SOB. I got a phone call about 9:15 in the 
morning by local police saying she had been attacked. I don't 
know how she did it, but she broke loose from his strangle on 
her, on her neck, before she passed out, just enough to scream 
for help.
    Your story is one that should not be forgotten and should 
be remembered by all of us. Because when these heinous crimes 
against women, rape, murder, are perpetrated, I don't care 
which side of the party you are on, I don't care which side of 
the immigration issue you are on. We have to stop this. With or 
without documents, these individuals deserve a special place in 
hell. So thank you for being here, for sharing your story.
    Ms. Morin. Are you asking for a response?
    Mr. Correa. No. But you can if you wish. I open it up to 
you.
    Ms. Morin. Thank you. I just wanted to say at the last 
hearing, when I shared about my past, it was because I wanted 
people to understand that I know what it's like to be a victim 
of violent crime that survived. So I understand, probably more 
than anybody in this room, some of the things that my daughter 
endured.
    I also said in that statement that my grandparents 
immigrated here from Europe. My husband, his parents immigrated 
here from Europe. I don't believe that the American people are 
against immigration. We are against illegal immigration. People 
should stay in their own countries, go through the process, and 
then be allowed into this country the way that my grandparents 
and my husband's grandparents.
    Mr. Correa. I am going to put all my notes aside that I 
wanted to talk about today. I have less than a minute left. But 
suffice it to say that I am with you. I hope we can figure out 
how to address legal immigration to this country.
    Mr. Desmond, you represent an area in San Diego as a 
county. I was also a county board of supervisor in Orange 
County. We have a lot of people that have been in this country 
20, 30 years and can't find the front door. We need to come up 
with a way of processing people to make sure that the MS-13 
individuals from El Salvador don't get in. When they are 
deported, they go back to jail in El Salvador, not only in the 
United States, but that takes work from both sides of the 
aisle.
    In my opinion, there is basically 3 buckets of individuals 
right now: you have the new asylum refugees; you have people 
that have been here 20, 30 years, Dreamers, people in the 
military; and then you have people that do concern us when it 
comes to terrorism. But under the existing legal framework, we 
are not solving any of those problems.
    Mr. Heitke, I just met with the president of your local 
Border Patrol union just 2 hours ago. You know what he told me? 
He said they don't even have enough resources at the Border 
Patrol to fix their vehicles when they break down. We have a 
lot of challenges and fighting here is not going to solve them.
    Mr. Chairman, my time is up. But thank the Chair. I thank 
all of you being here today. Thank you very much.
    Chairman Green. The gentlemen yields.
    I now recognize Mr. Bishop, the gentleman from North 
Carolina, for his 5 minutes questioning.
    Mr. Bishop. Mr. Heitke, you are now able to say what you 
are saying here today because you are no longer on official 
duty, right?
    Mr. Heitke. Correct.
    Mr. Bishop. You couldn't have made these statements when 
you were sector chief, could you?
    Mr. Heitke. If asked a question, I would answer it.
    Mr. Bishop. Right. But you wouldn't be at liberty to say 
whatever you wanted to? You would have to answer questions.
    Mr. Heitke. Right.
    Mr. Bishop. Mr. Hathaway, you are a sheriff, is that 
correct?
    Mr. Hathaway. Yes, sir, that's correct.
    Mr. Bishop. Do you consider yourself a law enforcer or a 
lawmaker?
    Mr. Hathaway. A law enforcement officer or a lawman? In 
Arizona we're called peace officers. The certification is peace 
officers. I retired, like Mr. Heitke, as the agent in charge of 
a Federal agency. But yes, now I am the elected sheriff.
    Mr. Bishop. Did you say that if Arizonans passed their 
ballot initiative making border crossing a State law violation, 
that you wouldn't enforce it?
    Mr. Hathaway. That is correct. There's a issue ballot 
proposal on the November ballot, Proposition 314.
    Mr. Bishop. Do you consider your role as a law enforcer to 
be to decide which laws you are going to enforce and which ones 
you are not going to?
    Mr. Hathaway. In my county, 95 percent of the people are 
Hispanic. It would be----
    Mr. Bishop. I didn't ask you that.
    Mr. Hathaway [continuing]. Disingenuous of me to go through 
their documents and see, like----
    Mr. Bishop. I asked you about you, what you regard your 
role to be as a law enforcer. Do you believe you get to pick 
and choose which laws to enforce?
    Mr. Hathaway. A similar law was found unconstitutional in 
Arizona Senate Bill 1070. I know I would get sued----
    Mr. Bishop. Are you a judge?
    Mr. Hathaway [continuing]. For racial profiling.
    Mr. Bishop. Are you a judge?
    Mr. Hathaway. I know the history of the laws in Arizona and 
there was----
    Mr. Bishop. I see.
    Mr. Hathaway [continuing]. A similar law thrown out.
    Mr. Bishop. So you do believe you can pick and choose, even 
though you are not a judge?
    Mr. Hathaway. You have discretion. You have discretion on 
what to enforce.
    Mr. Bishop. Let me ask you this. You joined in the debate 
that I have heard the rhetoric from my Democrat colleagues 
quite a lot, and their witnesses here, who frequently assert 
that the problem with the border is that we should have enacted 
the Lankford-Mayorkas bill. Now, you said you liked some parts 
of it. You liked the fact that it would have immigration judges 
and other staff at the border to make asylum decisions. Right?
    Mr. Hathaway. Right.
    Mr. Bishop. But you also said in your testimony just now, 
if you are going to be infatuated with the idea that everybody 
needs a piece of paper, then those things would be good. So you 
don't think we should be infatuated with the idea that people 
need a piece of paper. Is that correct?
    Mr. Hathaway. I think what matters is voluntary 
transactions, no coerced transactions. If you're----
    Mr. Bishop. So, the ultimate of that would be just to let 
everybody who wants to come in come in. Isn't that right? In 
other words, why do you need a--you say we need a guest worker 
program. That is what you think is necessary. Why do we need a 
guest worker program? Why not just let everyone come in who 
wants to come in?
    Mr. Hathaway. Because the asylum program is not working.
    Mr. Bishop. Well, no. OK. So you are saying you don't want 
to be infatuated with a piece of paper at all. You want to just 
let them come in. Isn't that right?
    Mr. Hathaway. If we're going to have people doing 
processing, they should address the need before it gets worse.
    Mr. Bishop. Well, you are saying ``if''. You don't think we 
should have anybody doing processing?
    Mr. Hathaway. No. If we're going to have people doing 
processing, they should issue work permits. That's what people 
are coming in here for, is to work.
    Mr. Bishop. Ms. Morin, I am just wondering, as you sit 
there next to--the sheriff said that his community is safe. 
Well, let me ask you one more question, Sheriff. You don't 
think we have a border crisis?
    Mr. Hathaway. No. I'm investigating 3 homicides now. They 
all involve U.S. citizens are the suspects.
    Mr. Bishop. I see.
    Mr. Hathaway. My city is 95 percent Hispanic. Migrants, 
according to FBI statistics, are less likely to commit crimes 
than native-born Americans. They're less likely to go on 
welfare than native-born Americans.
    Mr. Bishop. Ms. Morin, do you agree with what the sheriff 
just said? He said that migrants are less likely to commit 
crimes than Americans. Do you believe that to be true?
    Ms. Morin. No, sir. I think it depends on where the 
migrants are coming from.
    Mr. Bishop. If a migrant comes from a country where a 
hostile or chaotic regime has recognized that the United States 
has no effective border control whatsoever by intentional act 
of the Presidential administration, and that regime decides to 
release a prison population or criminal population so that they 
will leave and go to the United States, do you think past 
statistics about the criminal disposition of migrants is likely 
to remain static, remain the same? Doesn't it make sense that 
there are going to be more criminals if those populations are 
being released because of the recognition of what the 
administration has done to border security, Ms. Morin?
    Ms. Morin. Yes.
    Mr. Bishop. I think that's common sense. I understand the 
argument is always made that we needed that Lankford-Mayorkas 
border bill. Well, here is President Trump's favorite chart, as 
he said, because as he turned his head, the assassin's bullet 
passed by looking at this. But what you see on the left is what 
President Trump accomplished, and what you see from 2021 
forward is what the current administration accomplished. I 
would suggest that anyone who says that that border bill that 
wasn't passed is cause and effect should learn what the idea of 
cause and effect means, because you can accomplish either one 
of these results with our existing law. The result of 
accomplishing what is on the right as opposed to what is on the 
left is a matter of will and a matter of people who think they 
are not law enforcers but lawmakers.
    I yield.
    Chairman Green. The gentlemen yields.
    I now recognize Mr. Ivey for 5 minutes of questioning.
    Mr. Ivey. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I am not sure where to 
start.
    Wait, leave the chart there, please. I appreciate my 
friend, Mr. Bishop from North Carolina. I appreciate the 
passion and the intellect he brings to these sorts of debates 
and discussions.
    I did want to say this, though. I represent a district in 
Maryland. Ms. Moran, you and I saw each other last week, and I 
will come back to you in a moment. But a lot of my immigrants 
are from El Salvador, and I mean, thousands of them. Our 
population has grown very dramatically in Prince George's 
County with El Salvadoran immigrants. I want to challenge the 
suggestion that there are more criminal elements within the El 
Salvador immigrant community than the people who are already 
here in the United States. That has been the exact opposite of 
my experience in Prince George's County. I was the State's 
attorney there for 8 years. I mean, I prosecuted these cases.
    Ms. Morin, you may recall I talked about a RICO case I did 
jointly with Rod Rosenstein, who was a Republican U.S. 
attorney. In fact, he ended up being Donald Trump's deputy and 
then he was the acting attorney general in the Department of 
Justice. You know, there is an issue there for sure of crime 
that is committed. But I don't think it is fair to say that the 
people who are coming by and large are here to commit crimes.
    I think I recall Chip Roy saying at one of the Judiciary 
Committee hearings that his sense of it was pretty much the 
same. People are coming here to work. They are not coming for 
asylum reasons necessarily, but they are coming here to work 
and be part of the American dream and live that experience.
    So thank you for the chart. I appreciate it. But I did want 
to say this, too, the lower parts of the numbers there, and I 
don't know what the colors mean or that sort of deal, but I was 
State's attorney during the previous stretch, so not during the 
Biden-Harris administration, but during the previous period. We 
had to address criminal prosecutions during those times, too. 
Ms. Morin, you may recall, and this committee knows because I 
read Justice Kavanaugh's opinion over and over when we do these 
hearings, and that is that this system has been broken down for 
the past 5 Presidential administrations, for over 30 years. In 
fact, these issues predate the existence of this committee.
    But I do want to say this, and my colleague from North 
Carolina has left at this point, but he did raise the issue of 
the Lankford bill, and I don't think it was a cure-all by any 
stretch. I think at the last hearing when we discussed this, I 
want to say it was Chairman Jordan that raised H.R. 2. The 
problem with both of those bills is that they are not going 
anywhere. I think we have a recognition, in fact, your 
testimony of everybody on the panel is that there is a problem 
with immigration that we need to address. The problem that I am 
having with this hearing and the last hearing is that we are 
not addressing through legislation any of those concerns.
    Now, Ms. Morin, you may recall last week I said that that 
legislative hearing wasn't a legislative hearing because there 
was no legislation connected to it that was going to move and 
address the problem. I will say the same thing here.
    I want to just make this point that I didn't know last 
week. The Judiciary Committee is going to have a markup 
tomorrow on legislation that we want to move to the floor to 
address current problems. None of those bills are going to deal 
with this particular issue. I think this committee is going to 
have a markup in the near future as well, and I think the same 
is going to be true there. If you don't like the Lankford bill, 
you still have the power to bring it up and amend it and you 
can change it. As we saw with H.R. 2 when that came through, 
and H.R. 2 was the Republican bill and the fact that it is No. 
2 shows that it is one of the highest priorities for the House 
Republicans, they marked it up. They didn't accept any of the 
amendments that we offered here in the committee, even though I 
think, you know, a lot of them would have made the bill 
actually better and helped to address the problem.
    But I do want to end with this. As I said last week, I 
think that there are challenges and issues on both sides' 
positions. I think the way to address the issue is to find a 
compromise in the middle that actually moves legislation 
through. For example, at the table you are sitting at, a number 
of the witnesses said, we need more Border Patrol agents, we 
need more judges, we need more officials to process these 
things. We are not moving those things through.
    Ms. Morin, I want to, again, thank you for being the voice 
that you are being. I would like to actually meet with you and 
discuss some of these issues. I think, as I said last week, you 
have got a moral authority based on what you suffered through. 
I know you would change it in a second to get your daughter 
back. But I would like to see us get something done, and we are 
not doing it with these kind of stage performances like this. 
But you are in a position, unfortunately, where you have the 
voice that can help move things forward. I appreciate the work 
that you have done and will continue to do. I want to thank you 
for being here again today.
    Mr. Chairman, I apologize for running over, but I want to 
thank the panel as well. I thank the committee as well for 
raising this issue and continuing to look at it. But I hope we 
will be able to find a way to address it with legislation that 
is actually going to get passed and do something.
    With that, I yield back.
    Chairman Green. The gentlemen yields.
    I now recognize Mr. Gimenez, the gentleman from Florida, 
for his 5 minutes of questioning.
    Mr. Gimenez. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. This, the chart here 
on my left shows the abject--the lies that are coming from the 
Biden-Harris administration as to the cause of the immigration 
issue here in the United States. It is their policy. You can 
see very clearly when policies changed, that is what happened 
to the border. There was no difference in resources, there were 
no any differences in the number of personnel. It was the 
policies, 94 different Executive Orders from the Biden 
administration that caused what is happening at the U.S. 
border.
    I want to turn my attention to you, Sheriff Hathaway. I 
believe, I actually agree with you that most of the people 
coming through the Southern Border are here to work, try to 
make a better life. But I disagree in one sense that you can't 
tell me that along with those hard-working people, there are a 
number of them that are actually hardened criminals, that there 
are a number of them that are actually terrorists. Do you 
disagree with that?
    Mr. Hathaway. No, I do not disagree.
    Mr. Gimenez. OK. So if you allow more criminals into the 
United States, you are going to have more crime in the United 
States. Correct? Because they are criminals. That is what they 
are doing. I mean, we have seen it. I have seen it in my 
community.
    Tren de Aragua. You know who Tren de Aragua is? You know 
who they are? The Tren de Aragua, do you know who they are? You 
don't. Really? You are a sheriff? You don't know what the Tren 
de Aragua is? That is one of the most violent gangs that is 
coming out of Venezuela. It is coming through your town. Those 
folks are here in the United States right now. They are 
terrorizing people or they actually kidnapped a former 
Venezuelan police officer in my town and killed him. So, yes, 
we have a problem coming through the Southern Border.
    Now, I also, you know, I also find it interesting that you 
run to the racist argument. I believe that immigration should 
be legal immigration. I disagree with illegal immigration. Do 
you think I am a racist?
    Mr. Hathaway. No. When we talk about the ballot 
proposition, if I was to enforce----
    Mr. Gimenez. I am sorry, I am asking you about----
    Mr. Hathaway [continuing]. Ninety-five percent of them----
    Mr. Gimenez. I am asking about me. Do you think I am a 
racist because I believe----
    Mr. Hathaway [continuing]. Are Hispanic. They----
    Mr. Gimenez [continuing]. In legal immigration and not 
illegal immigration?
    Mr. Hathaway [continuing]. Speak Spanish. They speak 
Spanish, Hispanic last names, Hispanic characteristics. It has 
been that way for hundreds of years.
    Mr. Gimenez. OK. So do you believe I am a racist? Because I 
believe it should be legal immigration? Do you know who I am? 
Do you know what my name is? Do you know where I come from? I 
come from Cuba. I am an immigrant. I am probably the only 
immigrant in this entire committee. Are you an immigrant, too? 
Congratulations. OK. All right.
    So what if I were to tell you that--oh, I am sorry, you 
are, too. Oh, there you go. OK.
    Chairman Green. Order. Order. Order. Continue.
    Mr. Gimenez. I am sorry. What if I were to tell you that 53 
percent of registered Hispanics believe in mass deportation? 
Are they racist, too?
    Mr. Hathaway. No.
    Mr. Gimenez. OK. So what I find offensive is that anytime 
that we disagree, you turn to the racist card. No, we just 
disagree. We believe in the rule of law. Actually, Hispanics do 
believe in the rule of law. We believe, the majority of us 
believe in legal immigration. We don't believe in illegal 
immigration.
    I am an immigrant myself. I love this country.
    Mr. Hathaway. Nobody proposes a wall on the Canadian 
border. Ninety-two percent of the land borders in the world 
don't have any kind of a structure.
    Mr. Gimenez. Oh, so you are still saying that we are 
racist. You are still--you are doubling down on it, that we are 
racist.
    Mr. Hathaway. Certain policies have a racist----
    Mr. Gimenez. I love it. Go ahead. Go ahead. Tell me I am a 
racist.
    Mr. Hathaway. Certain policies have a racist element to 
them.
    Mr. Gimenez. Tell me I am a racist. Go ahead.
    Mr. Hathaway. Certain suggested policies have a racist----
    Mr. Gimenez. Oh, yes, of course, because we don't agree 
with what you think. That is what disturbs you.
    Mr. Hathaway. No, we don't propose a wall on the Canadian 
border.
    Mr. Gimenez. Well, yes, you don't, but you think----
    Mr. Hathaway. They're a white country.
    Mr. Gimenez. You are still calling me a racist.
    Mr. Hathaway. We're talking about policy----
    Mr. Gimenez. Oh, we are?
    Mr. Hathaway [continuing]. That is racist.
    Mr. Gimenez. I am Hispanic. You are not.
    Mr. Hathaway. I didn't say anything----
    Mr. Gimenez. You are not.
    Mr. Hathaway [continuing]. To disparage you.
    Mr. Gimenez. You are not. So I take offense to that. You 
know what? Is my time up? No, not yet, but, you know, I think 
I've had enough. Thank you.
    Chairman Green. The gentleman yields.
    I now recognize another immigrant to this country who 
obtained a Ph.D. and is a great, great American. But legally, 
right?
    Mr. Thanedar. Yes.
    Chairman Green. So, Mr. Thanedar, you are recognized for 5 
minutes.
    Mr. Thanedar. Thank you, Chair. Thank you, Ranking Member.
    Sheriff Hathaway, in your testimony, you talked about your 
family's long history of ranching in Arizona and the importance 
of seasonal farm workers to sustaining America's farms and 
ranches. Yet Trump's Project 2025 calls for limiting seasonal 
workers' visas and the number of legal immigrants eligible for 
work authorization. This is exactly the opposite direction we 
need to go at a time when grocery store bills are a struggle 
for many Americans. We need to support our farmers, ranchers to 
make sure they have the work force they need to get their food 
into stores at a reasonable price.
    What do you want Congress to know about the work force 
shortage that Arizona ranchers and farmers are facing?
    Mr. Hathaway. I have heard directly from the farmers and 
ranchers, and bear in mind, a lot of these are Republicans and 
Democrats, that are frustrated that the Farm Modernization Act 
has not passed. It has sat there for years. It would allow more 
of the visas you are talking about, the H-2A agricultural 
visas. It hurts productivity. It raised costs. If the costs go 
up to the supplier, they go up to the retailer, the prices in 
the grocery stores are higher.
    So, as I said in my opening remarks, it helps price 
inflation to have a guest worker program, to have seasonal 
workers be able to come into the United States and help the 
farms with productivity. You know, obviously, it would be great 
if they could hire Americans, if they could find enough 
Americans to do the seasonal work.
    If that's not the case, you know, there's--you know, we 
have a border with Mexico. Mexico, for the most part, is not 
eligible for the asylum program because it is designated by 
countries. There's nothing considered to be political 
persecution in Mexico, as there is in other countries like 
Venezuela. So they're not designated for the asylum program, 
and yet we share a land border with them. Eighty percent of 
their external GDP involves trade with the United States. It 
would just make sense to focus on a guest worker program to 
help reduce cost in the United States, make the cost of living 
more affordable for all of us.
    Mr. Thanedar. Let me ask you, you know, if we create proper 
legal pathways for immigration, what would that do to the 
issues currently we are facing at border security?
    Mr. Hathaway. Well, I think it would be less pressure on 
the asylum program. There would be parameters set by Congress. 
You would have less tendency for Presidents, the Executive 
branch, to try to dictate policy to the Congress. I think 
Congress should take control of this issue, decide whatever 
they decide. You're the lawmaking body. Don't just leave it to 
the Executive branch to make ad hoc decisions on what should be 
done along the border.
    So I think this is in the hands of Congress. You should 
move with it. The time is right. We've been talking for years 
about comprehensive immigration reform. It's in the news. It's 
the No. 1 issue. When you poll Americans, what do they care 
about the most? The immigration issues. This is something that 
Congress needs to handle. It's you're the boss, you run the 
policy, and you should tell the President what to do in these 
areas.
    Mr. Thanedar. So we, the Congress, has the ability to do 
the comprehensive immigration reform that is badly needed. You 
know, this is something that we need to act on a bipartisan 
way.
    Mr. Hathaway. That's correct.
    Mr. Thanedar. Yes. Thank you. I yield back.
    Mr. Higgins [presiding]. The gentleman yields.
    The young lady representative from Georgia, Ms. Greene, the 
gentlelady recognized for question.
    Ms. Greene. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I really like this 
chart. As a matter of fact, it has become one of my favorite 
charts because not only does it speak to the truth of the 
serious daily and yearly border invasion into our country, this 
chart also saved President Trump's life when he was almost 
assassinated in a rally in Butler, Pennsylvania, when a would-
be assassin fired at President Trump. Bullets flying into the 
crowd, killing Corey Comperatore, but also grazing President 
Trump's ear as he turned his head to look at this chart and 
inform the American people about the invasion our country has 
been under. But the American people suffering it every single 
day.
    Sheriff Hathaway, I thoroughly read and listened to your 
statement, and you have such an important job as a sheriff in a 
county that borders the United States and Mexico. I read where 
you said, ``My wife and I live near the border and we walk 
every night along the border. My county has the largest ports 
of entry with Mexico of all of Arizona border counties. It is 
peaceful and safe.''
    Ms. Morin, do you feel safe and peaceful?
    Ms. Morin. No. I actually have nightmares even still.
    Ms. Greene. I am sorry, and I am so sorry for your loss.
    Ms. Morin. Thank you.
    Ms. Greene. We mourn with you. I was appalled when I read 
that, especially given the fact with your port of entry that is 
in your county, by the way, Sheriff, let's talk about what that 
CBP One app has done. It was introduced in January 2023, and 
approximately 813 illegal aliens have been paroled into 
American communities in all 50 States, with 96 percent of the 
aliens, they are released in, 96 percent of the ones that come 
to ports of entry, by making a handy-dandy appointment on an 
app that the Biden administration has provided to anyone all 
over the world, by the way.
    We can carry on and talk about the other outrageous thing 
that helps maybe you feel peaceful at night as you and your 
wife walk along. People aren't coming across maybe on your 
land, because they are able to go to ports of entry.
    Another way they are able to get into our country is by 
flying in from other countries: 530,000 inadmissible aliens 
have flown directly into U.S. airports. Maybe that is why you 
don't see a giant flow across your land, Sheriff.
    You also said, ``It makes me laugh when people talk about 
fighting-age males coming into the United States.'' It is 
appalling that you said that, because I would have you know 
there have been at least 73,000 special interest aliens 
arrested at our border. Seventy-three thousand special interest 
aliens are from nations that promote terrorist activity, 
harbors terrorists, and pose a security threat to the United 
States. Terrorists. That is fighting-age males. Terrorists. 
Those are armies. Terrorists. Those are the same people that 
want Israel wiped off the map and would like to destroy 
America. Seventy-three thousand. Yes, Americans have a right to 
fear that. Don't laugh about that. That is extremely serious.
    Jobs. Let's talk about jobs. You were saying jobs. They 
want to come in, and they are pursuing jobs. Oh, the cartels 
are getting jobs, all right. Cartels and coyotes are currently 
making around 13 billion a year in human trafficking. Our wide-
open border is definitely providing jobs, 26 times more than 
that of the previous administration under President Trump. The 
Mexican cartels employ an estimated 175,000 members and have 
associates, facilitators, and brokers in all 50 States in our 
country. Yes, we are having jobs provided for these people.
    You said certain policies smack of racism, for example, 
walls. I would have you know, Sheriff, there are 77 major 
border walls around the world; 45 countries are planning and 
building more. Walls are not racist. Walls keep people safe, 
and this country is not safe. People are being murdered every 
day. The woman you are sitting next to's daughter was raped and 
brutally murdered. That is not funny. Walls are not racist.
    Just within the past 2 weeks, there was an illegal alien 
driving his car over 100 miles per hour in my home town, struck 
another car, critically injuring a baby, killing the baby's 
mother and the passenger in the car. That happens almost every 
day in our country because of illegal aliens coming in. It is 
not funny. It is not racist. The American people have every 
right to be fed up, just like they are fed up and disgusted 
that our country is not keeping them safe. Guess what? They 
freaking pay for it. Their tax dollars pay for it.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I yield.
    Chairman Green. The gentlelady yields.
    Mr. Goldman, the gentleman from New York, is recognized for 
questioning for 5 minutes.
    Mr. Goldman. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I have got a lot to 
get through because we have got about 4 years to walk through.
    That chart, of course, mischaracterizes when Mr. Trump 
took--left office, but there is no question that the problems 
at our border have significantly increased over the last 
several years. We can debate the cause of that and we have 
debated the cause of that. There is unquestionably a lot more 
climate migration. There is unquestionably a lot more 
authoritarianism in Central and South America that is leading 
to political persecution and to people wanting to flee. But 
there is a problem.
    What happened is the administration began to address that 
problem as it was increasing. But Republican attorneys general 
all around the country filed lawsuit after lawsuit after 
lawsuit to stop administrative action. So in response to that, 
the Biden-Harris administration went to Congress to say, let's 
work on bipartisan legislation to try to solve our border 
crisis. Senator Lankford, the second-most conservative 
Republican in the Senate, negotiated for months with an 
Independent and a Democrat and with the administration to come 
to some sort of bipartisan resolution, which they did, 
miraculously, because this has notoriously been a very 
difficult issue.
    Now, that deal was the most conservative border security 
immigration bill that has ever been agreed to by any Democratic 
administration. It had a number of different provisions, but I 
think most importantly would have dramatically streamlined the 
asylum process.
    Let me just say something about the asylum process because 
there is a lot of talk about legal immigration and illegal 
immigration. Asylum is legal immigration. It is not illegal 
immigration. It is part of our laws that you may seek asylum 
under certain circumstances. The problem we have at the border 
and the problem we have with our asylum process is that only 20 
to 25 percent of people who apply for asylum ultimately get 
asylum. But it takes 7 to 10 years for that process to play 
out. This border security bill would have dramatically 
shortened the asylum process such that it would be over in 6 
months. The incentive for someone who knows that they do not 
qualify for asylum to come across the border would be 
eliminated. Many of those 75 to 80 percent of people who are 
not eligible for asylum would not come here and would not be 
granted work permits.
    The other thing it does is it would increase visas because 
we do have a work shortage. We have a job shortage for 
agriculture, for construction, for restaurant workers, hotel 
workers, home care, nurses, doctors, scientists. This is all 
what I hear in my district. We need to increase those quotas. 
That bill would have done it.
    We need, as Mr. Heitke said, to increase personnel at the 
border, to deal with the problems, so that we can address the 
women who are being raped, so we can address the cartels that 
are fueled by American made guns. We need more personnel. We 
need more resources. This bill would have done it.
    But what happened? Donald Trump killed the deal. He is open 
about it. You know why he killed the deal that would have 
dramatically solved our problems at the border? Because he 
cares more about his own election than he does about the 
problems facing the American people. He wanted chaos at the 
border so that he could run on it. When you watch him at the 
debate, he answers every single question, it doesn't matter 
what the topic is, by going back to immigration. That is what 
he wants to do.
    I want to put up, finally, this last quote here from James 
Lankford, who was the author of this bill and was 
understandably very frustrated that it did not pass. ``It is a 
very, very clear that the Republicans do not want to solve the 
problem at the border.''
    So what has happened since Donald Trump killed this bill 
that would have dramatically addressed the solutions at the 
border? President Biden and Vice President Harris have had no 
choice but to implement Executive actions to streamline this 
process, so that people coming in have to come in through ports 
of entry, so that those 73,000 people who are stopped at the 
border, they are not getting in, they are stopped at the 
border, have to go through the points of entry so that we can 
vet them and check them for their criminal history. That has 
reduced border crossings to a level not seen since 2019, more 
than 55 percent. But that is not the solution. The solution is 
legislation, and the Republicans will not meet in the middle.
    I yield back.
    Mr. Higgins. The gentlemen yields.
    My, my, my. So here we are, a hearing reflecting upon 3\1/
2\ years of incredible injury that has been brought upon our 
country because of Southern Border policies enacted by the 
Biden administration White House. We had this thing under 
control, man. Two-tousand-seventeen, 2018, 2019, we learned a 
lot of lessons. But let me tell you, by the time we were deep 
into 2019, I was here, I was on this committee, before COVID, 
don't talk about COVID. In 2020--we will set that year aside--
in 2019, we had this thing under control, America, Sheriff. It 
is the policies of the Biden and Harris administration that 
have flipped this thing.
    With no additional laws--let me say I am going to address 
the cartels who are watching. Pay attention. I am talking to 
you now. With no additional laws within 2 weeks of the 
inauguration 2025, on January 20, 2025, if President Trump is 
inaugurated, within 2 weeks, you are shut down. You will bring 
no drugs into our country. You will traffic no human beings 
into our country. You are going to have to revisit your 
business model. Take some of those billions of dollars you have 
sucked out of our country like the lifeblood of our people, and 
go build a few more mansions on the beach, because you will not 
be running human beings and drugs into our country within 2 
weeks of President Trump's inauguration next year.
    If things don't go that way, we will see. If a different 
President is inaugurated. Very likely, you will be able to 
continue your business model. Won't that be tragic for my 
country? But she will still have the issues of me and men like 
me. Because I will be living on your 1-yard line. But if things 
go right, you are done. This will be your last Christmas 
sucking the life out of our country, dumping illegals across 
our border that you control, and flooding our Nation with the 
poisons that are killing our children to the rate of 100,000 a 
year.
    Chief Heitke, man, it is good to see you. You know, I made 
it a point in the years I have been on this committee to get to 
the border, I learned very quickly that I would have my most 
productive CODELs on my own. One afternoon a few years ago, I 
knocked on your gate, just a Congressman with a backpack, and 
you were kind enough to let me in at the San Diego sector and 
you spent several hours with me. That was one of the most 
informative days I had ever had at the border of many.
    So can you, sir, would you share with America, talk about 
the impact of the policies that were enacted beginning in 
January 2021 on the men and women of Border Patrol that were 
under your command in your own words? I will yield sufficient 
time to you, sir, just please talk about the impact of the 
policies that you felt, that your men and women felt, boots on 
the ground, on the border.
    Mr. Heitke. Ultimately, and as I mentioned earlier, with 
the detention and then sending--repatriating people back to 
their nations caused a continual release of illegal aliens into 
our country. As more and more people were released, more and 
more people came. Basically it turns the agents, the Border 
Patrol agents, into transport and care and feeding as all the 
agents have had time to do. They're well aware of what they 
miss: the zones that have been empty, the vast areas across the 
border that don't have a presence because they are sitting in 
detention processing or they are taking care of feeding people 
in processing, that constant awareness of what they're not able 
to do.
    They're not able to complete their national security 
mission. That mission is why they signed on to the job. That 
mission is what they do. They're not allowed to get out into 
the field and do that. That is what is destroying the morale 
across the Border Patrol.
    Mr. Higgins. Chief, thank you for being here today. I thank 
all the panelists. Ms. Morin, God bless you, ma'am. We are 
sorry for your pain. We feel it with you. Sheriff, thank you 
for your service.
    Gentlemen. My time has expired, but my love for my country 
has not.
    I recognize the gentleman from California, our colleague, 
Mr. Garcia, for 5 minutes for questioning.
    Mr. Garcia. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I want to thank all of 
our witnesses for being here. Appreciate your time.
    Mr. Chairman, I am wondering if I am able to see your chart 
for a minute? Do you mind if I borrow your chart for a quick 
second, Mr. Chairman? Do you mind if I borrow your chart for 
just a quick second?
    Mr. Higgins. I apologize, I had not heard you, my 
colleague. But of course, yes, sir.
    Mr. Garcia. Thank you. If I can just----
    Mr. Higgins. I only used the chart because Mr. Goldman said 
he didn't like it, so.
    Mr. Garcia. Thank you. So I just want to clarify this 
chart. I know that this chart has also been discussed by a few 
of my colleagues and Ms. Greene and the Chairman and others. 
But I just think this chart is important for us to actually 
look at this and actually be accurate.
    Right now it says that Trump left office at this point in 
the chart. That is actually not when Donald Trump left office. 
Donald Trump actually left office right here on this chart. So, 
you know, we are talking about charts, we should be very 
accurate when Donald Trump actually left office. You can see 
that the actual immigration and what was happening with border 
crossings was already going up by the time Donald Trump left 
office. So I think it is important that when we have charts, 
and I appreciate being allowed to use this one, that we are 
accurate about actually when this actually happened. So facts 
are really important.
    But I want to also add one more thing as we are talking 
about facts and things that are being said that are truthful is 
we are having a conversation about immigration and the border. 
I want to go back to what happened last week during the 
Presidential debate between former President Trump and the Vice 
President. When he was asked about his role, which was brought 
up today, about killing the bipartisan border deal in front of 
the Congress, and instead of actually discussing that, of 
course, he went, the former President, on a--what I consider a 
kind-of strange rant about Haitian immigrants in Springfield, 
Ohio. I want to repeat what actually Donald Trump said. This is 
a quote, ``They're eating the dogs. The people that came in, 
they're eating the cats.'' Continuing, ``They're eating the 
pets of the people that live here. And this is what's happening 
in our country and it's shame.''
    Now, I am a cat owner and an immigrant. I take the safety 
and security of our pets very seriously. But this notion that 
Haitian immigrants are eating pets is not only xenophobic, in 
my opinion, but has caused real harm to the people of 
Springfield, Ohio. Now, the Republican Governor of the State, 
the Republican mayor of Springfield have testified about it, 
and they agree that the story was not true. Even the woman who 
created the original Facebook post which started the rumor has 
disavowed and made up the story. In fact, today it was reported 
that she is actually apologizing for what she said. Now, 
Governor DeWine and the mayor of the city and the city manager 
of the city have all said there is no evidence for the story 
that Donald Trump discussed at the debate about immigrants 
eating cats and pets.
    Now, a better use of our committee's time would be to 
investigate the right-wing extremism in bomb threats which have 
closed middle, element-,--and elementary schools in Springfield 
and targeted local officials. People are scared in this town 
because of these threats and these attacks against immigrants.
    Now, there is a real threat directly linked to the 
extremist rhetoric we are hearing. We know this to be true. We 
know that Donald Trump is not the only Republican that is 
amplifying these claims about Haitian immigrants. J.D. Vance 
claimed, and I quote, this is just a real quote, ``Reports 
showed that people had their pets abducted and eaten''. That is 
from Senator Vance.
    He also claimed that there has been a rise of infectious 
diseases, even though the county health commissioner said, and 
I quote, ``If you look at all reportable communicable diseases 
together for the year ending 2023, you will see that we are at 
the lowest rate since 2016.''
    Now, on CNN this weekend, J.D. Vance said, again, ``If I 
have to create stories that the American media actually pay 
attention to the suffering of the American people, then that's 
what I'm going to do.'' I want to repeat that, ``If I have to 
create stories so that the American media actually pay 
attention, that's what I'm going to do.'' We are creating 
stories about immigrants eating animals, which is quite a 
shame. There are folks on this committee that continue to also 
peddle some of these, in my opinion, mistruths and attacks 
immigrants.
    Now, Donald Trump and his allies, I believe, are trying to 
make the American people think that immigrants are strange or 
harmful or dangerous. I believe this to be truly un-American as 
an immigrant myself.
    I want to also close by just saying something that a CEO in 
Springfield actually said. The CEO said, ``I wish I had 30 
more,'' in speaking about the Haitian immigrants. ``Our Haitian 
associates come to work every day. They stay at their machines. 
They achieve their numbers, and they are here to work.'' That 
is the American story. Immigrants come here to work and to 
contribute. I wish we would stop attacking this important part 
of what our country is.
    With that, Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Mr. Guest [presiding]. The Chair now recognizes my good 
friend and the gentleman from Mississippi, Mike Ezell.
    Mr. Ezell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I appreciate your 
leadership in highlighting the Biden-Harris administration's 
failure to secure our border.
    Thank you also to the witnesses who are here today for your 
time and, Ms. Morin, for sharing your story and your daughter's 
tragic attack and murder. My condolences to you and your 
family. Unfortunately, there is a growing list of women and 
children attacked and murdered, and the current administration 
sits idly by. I agree with you that these deaths are 100 
percent able to stop.
    Chief Heitke, we have heard in each testimony today that 
border agents who fearlessly defend and support our country do 
not feel supported or equipped to do their jobs they were hired 
to do. You said in your testimony, our Border Patrol agents 
have been reduced to mere processing agents, standing by as our 
laws are broken. Can you please share some more examples of how 
our law enforcement is undermined by this administration?
    Mr. Heitke. There's, if you want, trafficking, for example, 
within San Diego sector. San Diego itself sits obviously within 
California. California has State Bill 54 which makes it illegal 
for local--State and local law enforcement to have really 
anything to do with us, whether it be immigration or to assist 
us on the border.
    I mentioned an earlier trafficking situation. Trafficking 
within California, coming through California, is a serious, 
significant issue that goes throughout our country. But because 
of State Bill 54, State and locals are not allowed to call us 
when they run into these young ladies, if they're in Oakland or 
Los Angeles, when they're trafficked up off of the border or if 
they're run into as being transported through the State.
    On top of that, when all of the agents within the Border 
Patrol are inundated with processing, they're not--they don't 
have the chance to actually talk to the people that they're 
dealing with for more than seconds at a time. We run into 
rapes, abuses that go throughout the journey when people come 
to the United States. We have the opportunity to talk to them, 
to get them help once they arrive here. The agents don't have 
time to do that.
    They don't have time to do DNA testing, for example. The 
Border Patrol is under a court order to do DNA testing on 
people who are brought into custody. We did not have the time 
or the resources through 2022 or 2023 to complete that at all 
in San Diego. The equipment didn't even arrive.
    Often cases, the money that comes from the soft-sided 
facilities is another--all of this extra funding comes out of 
the Border Patrol budget. So our computer refreshes, our 
cameras, our software systems are becoming older and older. As 
one of the representatives mentioned, money to fix vehicles is 
limited because so much money is going to care and feeding of 
masses of people. This all impacts the agents' ability to do 
their job. It all impacts their ability to complete their 
national security mission.
    On another note, many people don't realize how impactful 
Border Patrol agents are across all of the Federal and State 
and local agencies. We send tax task force officers out through 
DEA task force, Safe Streets Task Force with the FBI. In my 
time in San Diego, I had to pull all the task force agents back 
in order to complete our processing mission. They're not there.
    Spanish speakers, Spanish is required within Border Patrol 
agents. Many agencies across the Southern Border do not have 
Spanish-speaking officers. They rely on us for Spanish 
speakers, especially in task forces, to further their missions, 
whether it be drugs, even stolen vehicle task forces in San 
Diego, things like that. Those are all hampered because we've 
had to pull the agents back.
    Mr. Ezell. What's this doing to morale?
    Mr. Heitke. It destroys morale, the impact of not being 
able to do the mission that they were hired to do. Then they 
sit behind a desk in the office. Border Patrol agents come to 
the mission to be outside. It's outside, it's active, and 
they're actively completing a national security mission when 
now they sit at a desk and type.
    Mr. Ezell. Ms. Morin, how does that make you feel that our 
Border Patrol agents are not being allowed to do their job and 
the morale is low after what you've been through?
    Ms. Morin. It makes me feel very sad, sad that our 
Government, you folks that have taken an oath to protect the 
American people, to protect our right to liberty and freedom, 
and you're not, not pointing fingers, but you're not allowed to 
do that because so much money is tied up doing all these other 
things, that the things that are really necessary, protecting 
the American people, isn't being done. It gives the American 
people a feeling of hopelessness that we don't matter and that 
you folks are just going to continue with your partisan 
politics and not really take to heart the lives of the American 
people that put you in office to begin with.
    Mr. Ezell. Thank you for that. Again, I am very sorry for 
your loss. As a former law enforcement officer myself, my No. 1 
priority was protect my county and my citizens. I think our 
Border Patrol agents should be allowed to do the same thing. 
Thank you.
    With that, Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Chairman Green. The gentlemen yields.
    I now recognize Mrs. Ramirez from the State of Illinois.
    Mrs. Ramirez. The State of Illinois and a daughter of 
immigrants, yes. So thank you, Chairman.
    Over the last few months, my Republican colleagues, you 
could tell when it happened, have transitioned from using 
Secretary Mayorkas as a scapegoat for a global migration crisis 
to now Vice President Harris, who they have wrongfully labeled 
the border czar. They claim that they want today's hearing to 
be about policies. So I want to spend time talking about 
policies, certainly not charts, because we get the dates and 
the charts wrong here.
    At the taxpayers' expense, Republicans want to use mass 
deportation to rip families apart. They want to 
unconstitutionally strip citizenship from U.S. citizens who 
have immigrant parents. They want to expand this border wall 
that has already cost about $45 million per mile. Folks, we 
have been talking about this in the last almost 2 hours here. 
None of this will fix our outdated immigration system that we 
haven't fixed since 1986 when I was 3 years old or increase our 
ability to stop fentanyl trafficking, stem the unlawful flow of 
weapons across our border, and certainly it won't dismantle 
these cartels that we should be dismantling.
    Talking about immigration specifically, we have more than 
30 years of data on enforcement-only proposals and policies 
based on deterrence work, and they simply don't work. Even 
these cruel actions of the former administration didn't 
actually reduce migration or improve order at the border. 
Instead of they have resulted in chaos and people forced to 
wait in unsafe places and women and children going through the 
worst cases and experiences, much like my own mother 
experienced when she crossed the border.
    So folks, we should be talking about creating legal 
pathways. I understand that is Committee on Judiciary and I 
wish that you and I were working on that. That is actually what 
we should be doing together, creating legal pathways. But it 
doesn't seem like that is what we want to do because vilifying 
immigrants seems to be the only priority in this committee and 
certainly with most of my colleagues on the other side.
    So, Sheriff Hathaway, I want to hear from you in the next 
minute or so. What should Congress be focusing on to secure the 
border and support border communities like yours?
    Mr. Hathaway. Well, specifically, there is a dividing line 
between Federal and State law enforcement. You know, the 
Federal agencies in my town, Federal officers outnumber 30 to 
1. There's 30 Federal officers for every 1 local officer. So 
that includes one of the largest Border Patrol stations in the 
United States and the third-largest that are both in my county; 
large contingents of CBP, OFO, those are the guys in the blue 
uniforms on the border that do the inspections at the ports of 
entry. You know, frankly, I don't want to do their job and they 
don't want to do my job.
    I do the same job as the 3,000 other sheriffs in the United 
States. There's about 3,000 counties and 3,000 elected sheriffs 
in the United States. I treat everybody the same. Our focus is 
violent crime and property crime.
    So, you know, as far as it's up to you what you decide on 
the Federal issues that have to do with the border. But to me, 
I don't see a bigger impact of, you know, crime or property 
damage with anything to do related to the border.
    So financially, I don't need more support. I don't need 
more legal support. But I do think you need, Congress needs to 
solve the issues on the border to create legal pathways for 
workers.
    Mrs. Ramirez. So, Sheriff, you think that this Congress 
should be focused on creating legal pathways, yes or no?
    Mr. Hathaway. That's correct.
    Mrs. Ramirez. You think that this Congress should do the 
thing it hasn't done in almost 40 years, which is actually fix 
the immigration system, is that yes?
    Mr. Hathaway. Fix immigration. Look at the Farm 
Modernization Act, and consider getting these agricultural 
visas in place.
    Mrs. Ramirez. Got it. Well, I agree with those two things 
here, and I think that vilifying immigrants is really 
dangerous. It actually reminds me that it reveals to me that we 
have a short memory here. In the 18- and early 1900's, 
Italians, Irish, Germans, and others from parts of Europe, who 
are the ancestors of many of the people in this room, whom you 
carry their last name now with pride, were treated as less than 
human. If our country today were to suddenly face increased 
migration from that region, I would be with you protecting them 
like hell.
    So it is really hard for me to watch the very same 
grandchildren of these people who were harmed, who were 
neglected, who were abandoned and starved, doing the same thing 
to others that were done to their grandparents. Which is why 
every single chance that I am in this committee, I am going to 
remind you of your roots, and I am going to remind you that our 
job is to create a kind of policy so that we create legal 
pathways, so that people that come to this country from Europe 
or from Latin America are able to come here, yes, the legal 
way, without experiencing the things they do at the border.
    With that, Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Chairman Green. The gentlelady yields.
    I now recognize Mr. Strong, a gentleman from Alabama, for 5 
minutes.
    Mr. Strong. Thank you, Chairman Green.
    Chairman Green. Two, maybe 2.
    Mr. Strong. We will go quick.
    Chairman Green. Five minutes for his questioning.
    Mr. Strong. We will go quick.
    Mr. Desmond, you recently wrote that millions of local 
taxpayer dollars have been diverted to cover the cost 
associated with the massed immigration of asylum-seeking 
immigrants, money that could have been better spent on our 
residents and vital services. Like you, I have serious concerns 
about the burden communities face as a consequence of this 
administration's border crisis, especially small and rural 
communities.
    News outlets in Alabama have reported that several 
communities have expressed concern over a steady increase in 
Haitian immigrants, especially in rural areas which stretch 
thin resources. I have heard this very sentiment myself. There 
are countless examples of this administration's policies and 
failures that have gotten us to this point. One that has come 
to the forefront, and, of course, it is Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, 
and Venezuela, which at the end of July this year had paroled 
over a half a million migrants into the United States. I sent 
my concerns about the CHNV to Secretary Mayorkas over a month 
ago. I wish I had an answer to share here today, but I have yet 
to receive a response from the Secretary.
    Barring that, Mr. Desmond, you, unfortunately, have first-
hand experience with the border crisis this administration has 
brought on all of us. Can you speak to the cost your community 
has incurred as a result of the surge of migrants and how it 
has impacted the services provided to your residents?
    Mr. Desmond. Well, thank you. The cost is kind-of hard to 
monetize because there's so many different agencies and so many 
different elements to it. But I can tell you specifically the 
San Diego County itself, we spent $6 million to set up a 
migrant receiving center for those being dropped here. We only 
had it open for 4 months because we ran out of money. Yes, that 
money could have been spent on our roads, infrastructure, and 
parks.
    But we also have our hospital systems. Many people come 
across the border, they're injured because of their long 
journey. I'm sure most of you have seen in graphic, you know, 
YouTube videos of people dropping their children or their loved 
ones over the fence. Many people have broken limbs, things like 
that. So we have many paramedic calls that actually go to the 
border.
    We also have fire calls. When people come over in the cold 
of night, they'll burn just about anything they can get their 
hands on to stay warm, which is, you know, I understand, but we 
all have fire calls and potentially fires and structures that 
catch fire along the border. Also, you know, just kind-of the 
fear factor itself of people driving boats up onto our beaches 
and just walking unimpeded into our communities.
    So monetarily, you know, also our San Diego Airport has 
migrants sleeping and staying there. So that hurts--you know, 
we're a tourist town. That hurts our tourism when you see 
migrants sleeping in the airport coming and going.
    So there's many, many factors. I don't have an exact 
number, but I know it's in the several millions of dollars that 
is costing our local taxpayers and that that money should be 
staying in San Diego County, not being spent on migrant and 
immigration issues. That's the purview of the Federal 
Government.
    Mr. Strong. I understand what you are talking about. I 
served 26 years in local government, 40 years as a firefighter 
EMT. I know first-hand what you are talking about, and I 
appreciate you being here.
    I also find it ironic that those responsible for this 
situation that you are in today, Vice President Harris, 
Secretary Mayorkas, are 2 of California's finest. It sends a 
clear message to every American that if they had allowed this 
to happen in their own communities, if they don't care about 
what is happening in their own backyards, why would they care, 
care about what is happening in Alabama? I think the evidence 
is obvious.
    Mr. Desmond, you also mentioned witnessing mass street 
releases, which buses dropped off hundreds and thousands of 
illegal aliens at a time in your communities, many of whom have 
no idea where they are or where they are going. It is not just 
happening in California. What advice would you give to other 
communities, local leaders, county commissioners, mayors, city 
councils, facing this exact situation throughout our country?
    Mr. Desmond. Well, please speak up and stop it from 
happening. I mean, there's not much we can do because we 
actually--when they started the drop-offs back in 2022, it was 
like 3 days before Christmas. We got a heads-up that the Border 
Patrol was there. We're at capacity and we're going to be 
dropping migrants at our transit stations. We had to make sure 
that, you know, our shelters nearby were not going to be 
impacted. We had to make sure local police was there. One of 
the drop-off stations didn't even have a bathroom. So we had to 
make sure all those types of facilities were there and 
available. Local communities, small business--small cities and 
communities don't have the resources to immediately write those 
kinds of checks. So beg and plead and ask, you know, the 
Federal Government to stop this.
    We all want to have an immigration system that works. I 
take offense to the sheriff's racist comments made earlier, but 
we need a system that works. I really think the focus should be 
on vetting the people that come across the border. Most people 
want to be here and they want to work here. I get that. But we 
got to be able to vet and make sure we keep the bad people out.
    Mr. Strong. Thank you. Would it be fair to say that the 
Biden-Harris administration's policies have better served the 
interests of criminal cartels than the American people?
    Mr. Desmond. Yes.
    Mr. Strong. Mr. Chairman, I yield back.
    Chairman Green. The gentlemen yields.
    I now recognize Mr. Suozzi, the gentleman from New York, 
for 5 minutes of questioning.
    Mr. Suozzi. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Ms. Morin, I am so sorry. What you have been through. 
Nobody knows how you feel. Appreciate you being here and coming 
to talk to us like this. Sheriff Hathaway, thank you for your 
service. Mr. Desmond, I can only imagine how frustrated you are 
as a local official. I was a mayor, I was a county executive. 
This is all out of your control and it is being dumped on you 
and it is really frustrating. Mr. Heitke, thank you for your 
service for so many years. I know you have devoted your life to 
your job and your public service. It must be so frustrating to 
you as well to see these things happening beyond your control.
    We talk about the border crisis, but it is really a 
Washington, DC, crisis, because this is not a new phenomenon. 
This has been going on for decades. We can go back and forth 
about the numbers going up and down. You know, a big impact on 
those charts is COVID. When COVID is over, it started going 
back up again. You know, now the numbers are down. Mexico is 
enforcing its border because the President did his Executive 
Order.
    So we got to figure out how to get Democrats and 
Republicans to work together to address the very real concerns 
that every one of you have and that America--what you see in 
this room is what is happening all over America every day. 
People are just like, what the hell are you guys doing? We are 
sick of hearing you just attack each other instead of solving 
the problem.
    So it is not one thing. It is not one or the other. It is 
both sides. We got to secure the border. We have to fix the 
broken asylum system, and we got to treat people like human 
beings. I mean, those--everybody wants that. I don't care 
whether you are the Republican witness, the Democratic witness. 
Everybody wants those 3 things. Secure the border. We need more 
agents. We need more judges. We can build more wall. We can do 
more technology. We can do all the things we have heard the 
back and forth here today. We have got to secure the border. 
That is a very real thing that has to be done.
    No. 2, we got to fix the asylum system. You know, asylum 
used to be like, you know, we were happy when the Soviets 
sought asylum in America. That was like, yes, they are coming 
to us. They are not going to the other guys. Asylum, you know, 
you came from Cuba or from Soviet Union. Like, yes, asylum. Now 
it is being abused by the cartels and by the organized crime 
and the coyotes and teaching people--you know, these people are 
all coming here because they want a better life, but we can't 
just let everybody in. But people are abusing the asylum 
system, and they are gaming the system, saying the right 
keywords so they can get into this bureaucratic mess that takes 
6 or 7 years to resolve. Eighty-five percent of the people get 
denied, ultimately, but people are abusing the system.
    We got to fix the asylum system. We got to change the 
standards with asylum. We got to stop allowing asylum in 
between the ports of entry, which is what the President did in 
his Executive Order. It is what the Lankford bill that we have 
heard about today, the Lankford-Murphy bill would have done, 
but they had these--you had to get 4,500 people and then the 
President's Executive Order is 2,500 people. Got to say no, 
just no, no asylum in between the ports of entry. Just stop it. 
Make you go to a port of entry or make you go to a safe 
mobility office somewhere else in the world.
    No. 3, you got to treat people like human beings. I think, 
I don't know your politics or you know, but most people think 
the Dreamers who have been here 20, 30 years, we came as little 
kids, you know, they should have a pathway, at least to 
legalization. TPS recipients, we invited them here after an 
earthquake or a civil war. Give them a pathway to citizenship 
or don't even give them citizenship. Give them legalization so 
they don't have to worry about being deported tomorrow so they 
can go to work.
    The Farm Worker Modernization Act, it has been negotiated 
bipartisan. Let's make the deal. We got both sides worked it 
out.
    The Afghan Readjustment Act. There is so many things that 
we have worked out to say, yes, let's treat people like human 
beings. Well, we got to put these 3 things together.
    We have to stop. Every problem we face in America, and 
certainly this issue, is complicated. Nothing is simple. But 
you cannot solve complicated problems in an environment of fear 
and anger when everybody is just yelling and screaming at each 
other. You can only solve complicated problems when you get 
people on one side and people on the other side to say, I think 
this; well, I think that. Well, how about we do this? Well, how 
about we do that? You try and find a compromise somewhere in 
the middle. That is what I know all of you want to see happen. 
That is what I think most people up here want to happen.
    I heard Mr. Heitke. Nobody paid attention to what he said 
before. He said most of the people are coming over are good 
people. You know, most of them just want to go to work. So 
let's fix this broken system that we have had for decades. Stop 
the BS and try and find common ground so that people like 
yourselves who are sitting there and saying to yourselves I am 
so sick of these guys going back and forth, can't they just 
work it out? That I know you are all thinking in the back of 
your heads, like everybody in America is thinking, let's work 
it out. Let's work together, let's get it done. I am prepared 
to do it. I know lots of Republicans are. Let's try and get 
that--make that happen.
    Thank you very much. I yield back.
    I am sorry I didn't ask any questions, but I had to just 
say that. Thank you.
    Chairman Green. Thanks. The gentleman yields.
    I now recognize the Vice Chair of the committee, Mr. Guest, 
for his 5 minutes of questioning.
    Mr. Guest. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Sheriff, I want to thank you for being with us today and 
start a couple questions with you. I see in the statement that 
you have prepared, you talk about the fact that you not only 
are an elected official there in Arizona, but live very close 
to the border, that you and your wife will often go out at 
night and walk there along the U.S.-Mexican border.
    I have before me from the CBP website some recent 
statistics about addressing border encounters along the 
Southwest Border and then breaking those border statistics down 
into certain sectors. It shows that overall, over the last 12 
months, that in many sectors we have begun to see a brief 
decrease in the number of border encounters. But the statistics 
put out by CBP show that in the Tucson sector, which 
encompasses a large portion of the Arizona border, we have seen 
a dramatic increase in the last year. The numbers for fiscal 
year 2023 were 322,000; for fiscal year 2024, it is 452,000. So 
a 40 percent increase in that sector as we have seen the 
numbers decrease in the other sector.
    So since that is an area of your State, wanted to see if 
you can shed any light before the committee as to why we have 
seen such a substantial increase. Again, that is one of the 
only 2 sectors that we have seen increased numbers over the 
last year. So do you have any insight as to why there in the 
Tucson sector we've seen a 40-plus percent increase in 
encounters within the last 12 months?
    Mr. Hathaway. Yes. As Ms. Taylor Greene alluded to, 
Nogales, which is in the Tucson sector, is the designated 
reporting accumulation area for the CBP One app. So it's the 
only place, the primary place for people who are claiming 
asylum. They're told to go to Nogales. Whether they show up in 
Ciudad Juarez and El Paso or Tijuana, they're told apply via 
the CBP One app and go to Nogales. So a lot of people go there, 
then they can't get their appointment. The appointment system 
is full. They walk across and they self surrender to Border 
Patrol. So to me, that's been the main reason for the steady 
numbers in that sector.
    Mr. Guest. So they are being directed there by the 
administration, is that correct?
    Mr. Hathaway. By the administration. The CBP One app, which 
is a smartphone app for asylum seekers, is not available along 
the border, but in Nogales it is. So they're all directed 
there, whether they start out making contact in Texas or 
Southern California, they're directed to that sector.
    Mr. Guest. The testimony of Chief Heitke, he stated that 
one of the things that he thought that one of the things that 
had driven some of the surge in immigration was the decrease in 
detention beds. I know that you had mentioned in your 
testimony, Sheriff, about the need for additional immigration 
judges, which I support. I support additional immigration 
judges because I know the statistics show that in some parts of 
the country that there's a 4-5-year backlog. Individuals, once 
they come across their country, their first court date at times 
can be as long as 4 or 5 years. There is a substantial need for 
immigration judges. So I don't disagree with that assessment.
    But I also agree with Chief Heitke that detention beds are 
an important part of that solution, that as we have immigrants 
who are coming across the country, particularly many of which 
we are not, in my opinion, properly vetting, and I think that 
we have case after case of immigrants who have not been 
properly vetted, who have been allowed in the country that 
never should have been in. If we had detention beds available 
so that we could properly vet those immigrants and then have a 
process for those claims to rapidly be heard, that some of the 
situations that we see would not have occurred.
    So what are your thoughts on additional detention beds? Is 
that--and I am not saying that is the only solution. I am not 
saying that there is one silver bullet, because I don't believe 
that. I believe that there are a multitude of factors that 
Congress must take into play if we are going to try to solve 
this problem. But do you support additional detention beds for 
the proper vetting and to expedite those individuals who are 
incarcerated and in those detention beds to be quickly brought 
before an immigration judge?
    Mr. Hathaway. Yes. If I can speak a little bit on behalf on 
the current sector chief and the Tucson Sector Chief Modlin, he 
has properly stated that, you know, look, my officers aren't 
trained to be detention officers and babysitters, and they've 
had to do this detention function. They've also been moved 
oftentimes on TDYs to the Rio Grande Valley and to different 
areas. So it's not really a function that Border Patrol was 
trained for. I'm sure Chief Heitke could attest to the same 
thing. It really should be handled by another agency.
    Yes, that is a valid concern, but it's not something that 
Border Patrol is trained for. Like Secretary Chief Modlin has 
always told me, I want my officers back on the line, not 
sitting here functioning as detention officers.
    Mr. Guest. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I am out of time and 
now yield back.
    Chairman Green. The gentlemen yields.
    I now recognize Mr. Brecheen for 5 minutes of questioning.
    Mr. Brecheen. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Ms. Morin, did I pronounce your name correctly? Is it 
Marin?
    Ms. Morin. Morin. It's French.
    Mr. Brecheen. Morin. Thank you very much for being here. 
The fact that your daughter was killed by an illegal alien, 
sexually assaulted, do you think that the media is paying 
attention to these stories to the level that they need to?
    Ms. Morin. I do not. The reason why I say that is because 
there's been 4 or 5 that have really hit the media and it's 
because there are mothers that are speaking out and not 
stopping. But there are a lot of women that are assaulted every 
day. I think because they're assaulted, but maybe perhaps 
because of shame or fear, they're not reporting the assault, or 
it's a local police matter that doesn't necessarily hit 
national news, so it might just be local news, and/or they 
don't have DNA because they're not able to track these 
immigrants that have come into the country. Because they don't 
know their name, they don't know where they're from, they 
don't--they collect DNA from the crime, but then they don't 
know where else to go with it, that they just kind-of, like, 
hang in limbo.
    But there are women that are being attacked every day. I 
get letters from across the country. Just in my own, you know, 
city, we had 2 murders by illegal immigrants from El Salvador.
    I do realize the man that was here earlier that said he was 
from Prince George's County, he was a State prosecutor during 
Trump's time in office. So he may have seen lower numbers, but 
that's not necessarily the state of the country at this moment. 
I think that--I'm trying not to take up your time.
    Mr. Brecheen. No, I appreciate your response. You know, no 
one would want to find themselves in a situation that you have 
experienced and, you know, genuine heartfelt condolences being 
extended to you. We are so sorry. This committee is so sorry.
    Ms. Morin. Can I just say one more thing?
    Mr. Brecheen. Of course you can.
    Ms. Morin. I think that they hear us speak as mothers, and 
they think because we're mothers, you know, that we're 
emotional, yes, and we're more attached. But if you actually 
saw the bodies and the crimes that are actually being committed 
against a human being, it's like an animal dragging a prey into 
the woods and attacking them. If they could see how violent 
these crimes are. I'm not saying that all immigrants are like 
this, but if people are willing to come into the country 
illegally, there's something that they're hiding because an 
upstanding person would come legally.
    Mr. Brecheen. Mr. Heitke, you--San Diego sectors, former 
Border Patrol chief there, several decades of experience. Do 
you think the American family, the average American family who 
hears these stories, has a right to feel less safe? You think 
it is justified the feeling across America, of just regular 
people sending their sons or daughters into a public space, a 
public sphere, where they are not present with that child, that 
this validates a heightened concern for their children's 
safety?
    Mr. Heitke. I do.
    Mr. Brecheen. Is this something that you experienced in 
your decades of experience, this heightened level of concern? 
Was it experienced under the Trump administration at this 
level? Or is there something to be said, direct correlation to 
this current administration's position on the border?
    Mr. Heitke. In my time with the Border Patrol, I have never 
seen entire zones that were left without agent presence. I've 
never seen that before.
    Mr. Brecheen. Mr. Desmond, you are over the San Diego 
sector. What is interesting is in 2023, with 1,200 miles of 
border wall, of a 2,000-mile border wall, Texas has more than 
the majority of the border wall. We know by reports of what 
Texas is doing to secure their border, they went from being 60 
percent of the encounters to last--first half of this year, 40 
percent, even though they have more than half. So that is being 
shifted. We know San Diego is being one of the areas that 
population is going because Texas is having to do what the 
Federal Government should be doing. You all are seeing this.
    Are people--the feel of the average American who feels less 
safe, are they misinformed?
    Mr. Desmond. No, they are not misinformed. Many of them 
see, you know, the effects of it, particularly our beach 
communities. We get 3 or 4 boats every week that just beach 
themselves and people walking into the communities, without law 
enforcement even able to do anything.
    Unfortunately, California is a sanctuary State, and our law 
enforcement, as the chief had mentioned, is prohibited from 
enforcing any immigration law. They're actually prohibited from 
even asking someone what their immigration status is. So even 
though somebody just jumped off a boat and is walking through 
your neighborhood and you know is there illegally, our local 
law enforcement can't do a thing and people are upset about it.
    Mr. Brecheen. Thank you. Mr. Chairman, I yield.
    Chairman Green. The gentlemen yields.
    I now recognize Mr. Crane, the gentleman from Arizona.
    Mr. Crane. Thank you.
    Chairman Green. From a border State, for his 5 minutes.
    Mr. Crane. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Ms. Morin, thank you so much for coming here. I want to 
thank the panelists for coming as well.
    Ms. Morin, in your opinion, how many more beautiful young 
Americans must be brutalized, raped, and killed by people who 
weren't supposed to be here in the first place before this 
administration does anything about it?
    Ms. Morin. There should be none. They should have--my 
goodness. When, in February 2023, media blasted all over 
national TV stations, all over the United States, pictures of 
hundreds of thousands of immigrants swarming toward our 
Southern Border, Harris--the Biden and Harris administration 
could have stopped it before they even reached the border. They 
could have said, stay in your country or stay in Mexico, and 
then vet them one by one. So they saw them coming and they 
opened the doors and just allowed everyone to come in.
    Mr. Crane. Thank you. Sheriff, why do you believe that 
border walls are racist?
    Mr. Hathaway. Well, Reagan was against border walls. He 
told Mikhail Gorbachev, tear down this wall. The Soviet Union 
said they were emerging into an era of freedom, and he said, 
prove it, tear down the walls. Only 8 percent of the world's 
land borders have any structure at all. Not a wall, not a 
fence, not even a line of rocks. If you go through Europe, 
Asia, Africa, Latin America, even the Canadian border.
    Mr. Crane. That is not what I asked you, Sheriff. I said, 
why do you believe they are racist? You said in your written 
testimony, ``and certain policies smack of racism. For example, 
a wall was never suggestion suggested for the Canadian 
border.''
    Mr. Hathaway. Well, yes, the Canadian border is known as 
a--generally a white population, whereas the Southwestern 
Border is generally a brown population. So it smacks of racism. 
Title 42 was never----
    Mr. Crane. Sheriff?
    Mr. Hathaway [continuing]. Aggressively enforced on the 
Canadian border.
    Mr. Crane. Sheriff, do you think that if the mass majority 
of illegal immigration coming into the United States of America 
was coming from the Northern Border, that Americans would 
demand the same thing?
    Mr. Hathaway. I don't know.
    Mr. Crane. I think you probably do know that, sir, because 
it is not about race with the American people. Matter of fact, 
most American people support legal immigration. It is the 
illegal immigration. It has nothing to do with race.
    Sheriff, do you have a wall at your house?
    Mr. Hathaway. A what?
    Mr. Crane. Do you have a wall at your house, Sheriff?
    Mr. Hathaway. No, I do not.
    Mr. Crane. Do you have a front door on your house?
    Mr. Hathaway. Yes, I do.
    Mr. Crane. Why not just leave it open, Sheriff?
    Mr. Hathaway. I leave it unlocked, but, you know, I do have 
a door.
    Mr. Crane. Yes, most people have walls and doors on their 
house not because they hate the other people on the outside. It 
is because they love the people on the inside.
    Sheriff, what about prison? What about prisons, Sheriff? 
They have walls around them as well. Are those racist?
    Mr. Hathaway. No, I would say they're not.
    Mr. Crane. Yes, they are not. What about the White House? 
It has a wall around it too, as well, doesn't it? Do you think 
that is racist? Do you think----
    Mr. Hathaway. I didn't say that walls are generically 
racist.
    Mr. Crane. OK. Well, you said, ``and certain policies smack 
of racism.''
    Mr. Hathaway. Yes, it does. Proposing a wall on the 
Southern Border and not the Canadian border, that's racist.
    Mr. Crane. Well, I just told you. Where's the majority of 
illegal immigration coming into the United States, sir? 
Northern or Southern Border? Go ahead.
    Mr. Hathaway. Probably the Southern Border.
    Mr. Crane. Yes, you know it is. OK. Thank you. All right.
    Sheriff, did you have to swear an oath to the Constitution 
of the United States to become sheriff?
    Mr. Hathaway. Yes, I have, multiple times.
    Mr. Crane. Are you familiar with Article IV, Section 4 of 
the Constitution, Sheriff?
    Mr. Hathaway. Can you remind me what it says?
    Mr. Crane. It is often known as the invasion clause. U.S. 
Government guarantees the protection of our States from 
invasion and domestic violence.
    Mr. Hathaway. Yes, I've heard that.
    Mr. Crane. OK. So could it be, Sheriff, that part of the 
reason we suggested a border wall because anybody that knows 
security understands that a wall is just one part of a security 
system designed to keep our citizens safe of all races? Could 
that be it, Sheriff, and maybe not racism?
    Mr. Hathaway. No, I don't think there's an invasion. 
There's not a clause been activated in the Constitution that, 
you know, suggests that this is an invasion. It's not an 
invasion.
    Mr. Crane. OK. Yes, well----
    Mr. Hathaway. It's the same thing I've seen my whole life.
    Mr. Crane. Yes, well, I think Ms. Morin and other moms who 
have lost their children, brutally raped, murdered, dragged off 
into the woods, would highly disagree with that comment. If you 
looked at the data in the graph that has been presented here 
today, it is obviously an invasion.
    Mr. Hathaway. It's not a matter of----
    Mr. Crane. So much so--hold on, I am not done yet. So much 
so that Kamala Harris has actually changed her position now on 
border security because she realizes what a complete 
catastrophe it is.
    Mr. Heitke, you have been a Border Patrol chief. Do you 
agree with Sheriff Hathaway here that implementing a wall as 
part of a security system is racist?
    Mr. Heitke. No, I do not.
    Mr. Crane. Have you ever seen a wall that stopped one race 
of people from getting in and allowed other races of people to 
come into the country? Have you ever seen that?
    Mr. Heitke. No.
    Mr. Crane. Didn't think so.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I yield back.
    Chairman Green. The gentlemen yields. I now recognize the 
gentleman from New Jersey, Mr. Menendez, for 5 minutes of 
questioning.
    Mr. Menendez. Thank you, Chairman. Thank you, Ranking 
Member. Thank you to our panelists.
    This is my first term in office and I represent a district 
where over 40 percent of the people that live there were born 
outside the country. So I care deeply about our immigration 
policy. The first trip I took as a Member was to our Southern 
Border because I care that we get it right there as well for 
our border communities and for communities throughout the 
country. I care about both parts of this conversation.
    The other week, we remembered those who were lost in 9/11. 
This was a select committee after 9/11 to make sure that we 
protect the homeland from threats, domestic and foreign. I had 
great hopes this committee would be a place that we could 
engage with our colleagues in a meaningful way to take on these 
challenges. I feel like I have tried in my individual capacity 
to do that work.
    But there is a long history on this committee, this 
Congress, of opportunities to come together where we have not 
been met halfway. We marked up H.R. 2, the Republican priority 
bill on the border, which would have caused the loss of human 
life on American soil because of the handcuffs that they would 
have put on NGO's that operate along the border to help other 
human beings.
    We have talked about the funding request the President has 
made for more CBP officers to ensure that we have the latest 
technology for fentanyl detection. It was ignored.
    I know other colleagues have talked about the Senate border 
deal that was negotiated with Republicans, one of the most 
conservative Republicans in the Senate. Never even got to the 
House.
    We had and we consumed this committee's staff with an 
impeachment of Secretary Mayorkas. I think there were 5 
impeachment reports that they put together to try to make the 
case. They didn't call 1 constitutional expert to come talk 
about high crimes and misdemeanors.
    I mean, so when we as Democrats are frustrated, we share 
the frustration with the American people who look to us and 
want us to get things done. We know we have to work across the 
aisle because we are the Minority party. That is what we came 
here to do. Every step along the way, we have been frustrated, 
even on H.R. 2.
    Blue Lotus, an administrative operation to combat fentanyl, 
I introduced an amendment to give legislative authority for 
future administrations through the same program. Not a 
Republican voted for it. On their own bill, a single amendment 
that dealt with fentanyl, not one Republican voted for it. Show 
me where the good faith effort is. Just show me, because we 
have done the work. You have listened to all of our colleagues 
who are frustrated. People in the Senate who negotiated a deal, 
didn't even get a vote on it.
    So we are frustrated. It is not partisan, it is not 
political games. It is not political theater. It is not what we 
came here to do. I almost didn't even come down to this meeting 
because I am so frustrated. I am so sorry. Especially so sorry 
for your loss and for so many like you who have experienced 
such devastating loss. I am sorry. That is why I signed up for 
this job, to try to fix the things that are broken in this 
country.
    Our immigration system is broken. We feel that no matter 
where we live. We have an obligation to do something about it. 
I want to do something about it.
    I believe we have folks who have worked in CBP. We have 
folks who are sheriffs. Do you look to Congress and us as 
legislators for solutions to some of the challenges that you're 
all facing?
    Mr. Heitke. Yes.
    Mr. Menendez. Sir?
    Mr. Hathaway. Yes, definitely. I consider that to be your 
job.
    Mr. Menendez. It is. If I were a resident where you are a 
sheriff, I would look for you to make sure that our communities 
are safe. This is a two-way street. We listen. We show up to 
these committee hearings and listen to all the things that you 
are facing, that Border Patrol agents are facing, that border 
communities are facing. We listen and I just wish we were doing 
more.
    So just know that I am committed to trying to take on these 
challenges. So many of us really are. You may not see that here 
in this committee. You may not see that today. Rest assured, we 
are going to keep trying, and we are going to try to get to 
better places for all residents, both of our districts and 
throughout the country. So thank you all for being here today. 
Thank you for all that you do to advocate for these issues.
    I yield back.
    Chairman Green. The gentlemen yields.
    I now recognize the Ranking Member, the acting Ranking 
Member, for his closing statement.
    Mr. Correa. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Again, I 
want to thank the witnesses for being here today.
    Ms. Morin, again, my condolences to you and your family. We 
are doing everything we can to make sure that we go after those 
animals that would do the things that were done to your 
children--to your daughter. One is way too many victims.
    Mr. Chairman, as I look at this committee, I think today is 
the last full committee hearing before the election. I cannot 
but say that I am disappointed with today's hearing because we 
are 50, 60 days away from an election and a lot of the stuff I 
heard today was really focused on the election. Their fault, 
our fault. Statistics. Back home, people want solutions from 
us. I don't hear a lot of solutions today.
    Mr. Heitke, I started talking to you a little bit, just a 
little bit, about the resources. You talked about many places 
along the border that don't have the personnel. As I told you, 
earlier today, I met with the president of one of your local 
organizations on the border. We discussed the fact that in 
about 2 or 3 years, you are going to have a tsunami of border 
agents retiring because most of them were hired after 9/11. 
There is a mandatory retirement age. I have not heard any 
discussion about how to replace them, how to hire them. We 
talked about the fact that this country has a massive debt. 
What are we going to do to increase the funding for our border 
security when we have a national debt? No solutions discussed.
    Mr. Desmond, you are a San Diego County Board of 
Supervisors. I was the Orange County Board. A lot of ag in your 
area, I think. Should we deport all those undocumented workers 
out there? The answer is probably not. But we should give them 
a pathway to citizenship or just a pathway to be able to work 
in this country because they are the ones that produce our 
food. I have not heard of any solutions to fixing the problem 
for those that have been waiting in line 20, 30 years. A lot of 
them are my constituents as well as they are yours. We haven't 
given you a solution.
    Mr. Hathaway--Sheriff Hathaway, man, I can only imagine 
what you go through at your town, 80, 90 percent Latino. I will 
give you a little secret. I know racism doesn't exist, but I 
can't tell you how many times I have been pulled over by ICE to 
demand what, you know, my citizenship was. That is OK, I will 
comply. But it is only folks that kind-of look like me that 
have that treatment. I know it is national security. It is 
nothing but that.
    But you, my friend, are responding to your constituents, to 
your taxpayers, to your voters that say we expect certain 
respect from the Government, from the sheriff. We want streets 
that are safe. We want to make sure there is a--policies that 
enable us to live like human beings and not have to fear police 
officers. We spent 20 years in the county of Orange trying to 
make sure that the people that lived in the shadows didn't fear 
reporting crimes to police. That is good policing. We are not a 
police state. The United States is not a police state. We have 
to have cooperation form our population to make sure we have 
safe streets.
    You, Sheriff, have a tough job, but you are not alone. The 
numbers, that beautiful chart out there, speaks volumes. But 
what is not on that chart is the story behind a lot of those 
numbers.
    We didn't talk about the COVID pandemic that devastated not 
only the United States, half the countries in Latin America are 
nonfunctional right now. You go to Honduras, that economy is on 
life line. Other countries in Latin America, Colombia right now 
has about 4 million Venezuelan refugees. Costa Rica, ditto 
Mexico, trying to figure out a handle to the problem.
    By the way, the other issue nobody talked about today is 
Mexico's cooperation with the United States today. They are our 
biggest trading partner and they are stepping up to the plate. 
It is never enough. But, you know, we want to work on a 
solution. For example, safe pathways to the United States to 
work and also databases that track those criminals, so Ms. 
Morin's situation is not repeated. Those are real solutions 
that we are working on and we can continue to work on.
    Dreamers. OK? That population of kids who are here, now 
adults, some of them that actually have made the ultimate 
sacrifice in the military for our country and whose families 
are still living in the shadows, it is not an issue for 
Homeland Security, but it is connected to Homeland Security.
    You know, former Secretary of Homeland Security General 
Kelly, who used to be President Trump's chief of staff, would 
say border security does not start or end at the border. If 
anything negative gets to the border, you are already too late. 
He was in charge of SouthCom, which is the Southern Command, 
U.S. military in Latin America. He understood that it wasn't 
about the border, but it was about the region. I didn't hear 
any discussion about these issues today.
    Mr. Chairman, we have got a lot of work to do. It is not 
your fault. It is not their fault. It is our job to fix these 
problems. The American taxpayers are asking us to be practical 
and do it. Sixty days out and we are talking essentially 
political rhetoric here about the election.
    You know, Senator Lankford, he's a guy I talk to a lot. He 
put his neck out in the line as an elected official to come up 
with an immigration solution. He really worked hard. I looked 
at his--and I said, Jim, you are really going to go out on the 
limb here, man? Nobody has been able to succeed for 30 years. 
He said, this is the right thing to do, an immigration 
solution, a border solution. Then former President Trump came 
out and said, kill it. He is a conservative Republican from 
Oklahoma trying to do the right thing for America, and that is 
what his reward is.
    We have to change the rhetoric. We are all Americans. We 
are all expecting our Federal Government, the U.S. Congress, to 
solve the problems. You know, most of us here are married. Do 
you ever go home and say, I get 100 percent on the decisions 
with my wife, your spouse? Of course not. You negotiate the 
deal, and if you get most of it, you have cut a good deal. You 
don't agree 100 percent with your wife, with your spouse when 
you are cutting the deals. Why do we expect to come to Congress 
and agree 100 percent with the other side?
    Hope you can move forward. Homeland Security was designed, 
this committee, that agency was designed after 9/11 to work 
together, not as a partisan committee, but as a committee that 
worked across the aisle to protect Americans from foreign and 
domestic terrorism. We have to get back to doing our job and 
doing it right.
    We have got the Secret Service that is also under our 
jurisdiction, and they are having a hell of a time protecting 
our Presidential candidates. Those 2 articles I submitted for 
the record today are a glimpse that the rest of the world is 
scared to death because they see our American democracy on the 
brink of failure. That does not speak well of the job we are 
doing here in Congress. Put partisanship aside and start 
working to stabilize this country and do what our taxpayers 
expect us to do.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I yield.
    Chairman Green. The gentlemen yields. I now recognize 
myself for a closing statement.
    I want to thank you all for attending today. A very 
important hearing, and I especially thank our witnesses: Chief 
Heitke, Supervisor Desmond, Ms. Morin, Sheriff Hathaway, your 
testimonies, they have certainly stuck with me and I know will 
continue to deeply affect the American people.
    Ms. Morin, my heart is with you and your family. I want to 
thank you for your courage today to tell Rachel's story. What 
happened is unimaginable. You are right, it was completely 
preventable. There are tons of stories like yours. Thousands of 
American families. We have to put a stop to this. To hear today 
from you that the person who did this to your daughter walked 
across our Southern Border, a policy that had been in place to 
do DNA testing would have identified him as a murderer fleeing 
his own country, a policy that was done away with by this 
administration, led to the death of your daughter. It will be 
real hard to convince me otherwise.
    Mr. Heitke, thank you for your valuable testimony. I want 
to thank you for your years of service to the country. You have 
kept our Nation safe through 5 administrations. You have got 
first-hand experience. What you said today in your 5 minutes, 
to me, is devastating to the policy decisions that this 
administration has made. You were very clear that they 
decreased returning people to other countries. They decreased 
detention. It was purposeful policy changes, intentional. It 
led to massive increases in migration to our country. Then you 
were told to hide it so the media couldn't see it.
    You shared stories of human trafficking, sex trafficking of 
little girls. Secondary to this wave because you are 
overwhelmed with resources, which was secondary to the policy 
changes. You told us today of the incredible tragic increases 
in suicides amongst Border Patrol. Your exact words in your 
testimony correlated directly to the increase in migration 
caused by those failed policies and the removal of policies.
    You know, Mr. Correa, I love this gentleman. He is a great 
man. He talked about resources is the problem. Many, many 
people here have talked about, well, we got to have----
    Mr. Correa. I am one of them.
    Chairman Green. One of many, but OK. But if you implement 
policies and refuse to let people do their job, more people 
aren't going to solve the problem. Oh, by the way, H.R. 2, the 
bill we passed, increased the number of Border Patrol agents, 
but, you know.
    Mr. Desmond, we appreciate you being here with us today as 
well. San Diego County has seen some of the worst of this 
border crisis. It does start at the top. It starts with 
President Biden and Vice President Harris. I want to thank you 
for shedding some light on the situation in California and the 
realities of this crisis.
    I really appreciated you talking about the fact that your 
State has ordered Federal people and other people not to ask 
certain legal questions that are in the laws passed by this 
body. Ignore the laws. That is like saying, you know that 
Constitution that says this body writes the law, this body 
executes the law, this body adjudicates the law? We don't care 
about that. We are just going to pick and choose which laws we 
enforce. You don't like a law, you change it. That is a threat 
to democracy as far as I am concerned.
    Sheriff Hathaway, I want to thank you for coming and for 
your service to your community. I totally disagree with you 
that the border wall is racist. I think that is absurd. I 
really appreciate the question Mr. Crane had. Is a wall going 
to pick and choose which person it blocks? I will tell you, the 
last time I was at the border, it was a group, a huge group of 
Russians coming in. They are more white than I am. Stupid 
actually, it is absolutely stupid to suggest that walls and the 
attempt to enforce our laws is somehow racist. But I do 
appreciate you coming.
    The truth is there are 2 competing visions for our country. 
That is it. On the one hand, some of us are fighting like hell 
to enforce the laws of our country, to go back to that 
Constitution that says this group writes the laws, this group 
enforces the laws, and we are prioritizing the well-being and 
the safety of American citizens. Yet, on the other hand, we 
have an administration led by President Joe Biden and Vice 
President Kamala Harris that couldn't care less about those 
laws as evidenced by their actions, pure and simple. It is 
inescapably clear that the Biden administration, and Harris 
along with him, ended effective border policies with no 
alternatives in place to secure our border. They implemented an 
unlawful policy of mass catch and release, and they gutted 
interior enforcement, casting aside their responsibility to 
enforce the laws that they swore to uphold. They have continued 
to deceive the American people about it. Let's hide these 
people. Let's fly them to Texas.
    The truth is Americans no longer feel safe in their 
communities. A little baby crawling on a floor in a VRBO in 
Florida is dead because of the fentanyl brought across our 
porous, open Southern Border that a witness today said has been 
left wide open so we can process more people into the country. 
Millions of Americans have lost loved ones to fentanyl. 
Americans who can't afford housing, whose insurance premiums 
have shot up, forced to watch as lawbreakers have been rewarded 
with free housing and benefits.
    One of our--I think it was you, Sheriff Hathaway, earlier, 
talked about not impacting inflation. I am sorry. If 12 million 
people walk into the country, we can't just suddenly make a 
dairy for milk. There is this thing called the supply-demand 
curve. Basic economics. If you increase the demand without a 
change in supply, the price is going to go up. It is just basic 
economics.
    You know, I thought spending almost 2 years investigating 
this border crisis would have more of an impact on the other 
side of the aisle. I thought laying out the human cost of this 
crisis, bringing in people like Ms. Morin, especially the cost 
of innocent women, children being trafficked, would have an 
impact. I thought telling the stories of those who have been 
victimized by criminal illegal aliens would weigh on their 
conscience. I thought bringing recognition to the memorandum 
written by the Secretary telling his people to ignore the laws 
passed by Congress and let felons into the country instead of 
detaining them would make a difference. I thought laying out 
the financial cost of this crisis to the American communities 
would make them think twice. I thought explaining how the 
crisis is overwhelming law enforcement officers would garner a 
little sympathy. I thought laying out in painstaking detail how 
this crisis is compromising our national security. Eight ISIS 
guys caught in New York, Jordanians trying to storm military 
installation, and the ISIS guys used the CBP One app. I thought 
it would be a wake-up call to the administration. I was wrong.
    Instead, we have been ignored and we have been maligned. 
This administration is just as unwilling to end this border 
crisis as it was when we began these investigations. That 
crappy bill put together in the Senate to give them 
justification, that didn't pass the Senate, by the way. So we 
talk about how, you know, we should have--it didn't even pass 
the Senate.
    Of course they bring up the cat story. You know, I don't 
care about that. I care about Laken Riley, who is dead. I care 
about your daughter, who is dead. Let's talk about that. 
Instead, they are talking about all this other stuff that just 
doesn't matter.
    It is clear to me, to this committee, to Congress, and the 
American people that Biden-Harris administration is hell-bent 
on keeping our borders wide open. This deception with the CBP 
One app just--it is not decreasing the flow. It is 
characterizing them in another way. All we are being told is 
that the crisis is somehow over because a couple of months of 
low crossing numbers, a shell game, as if that fixes the damage 
of the past 3\1/2\ years, and ignores the objective reality 
that the numbers are still at crisis levels. Millions continue 
to enter our country through illegitimate means, like these 
mass parole programs.
    From Day 1, this administration has refused to enforce the 
laws of our Nation and eliminated effective border policies. As 
a result, we have members of the most dangerous criminal 
cartels streaming into our country, linking up with gangs, 
creating a crime nexus, bringing drugs and crime with them. It 
is unsustainable. To say, well, we need guest workers, so open 
borders are OK, is absurd.
    It is also absurd, or at the very least contradictory, the 
claim that most of these immigrants are coming to work, when in 
reality, most are attempting to claim asylum. So which one is 
it? If they come and say, hey, I am here to work, well, cool, 
we have this legal pathway. No, they are saying, I am claiming 
asylum. So which is it? Are they coming out of credible fear 
for their life and safety or are they coming as economic 
migrants? You can't have it both ways.
    I honestly don't know how anyone can listen to the stories 
we have heard today and still stand by Biden-Harris 
administration's reckless policies, policies that are killing 
Americans and compromising our national security. Exactly 1 
week ago, Members of this committee went to Ground Zero, the 
World Trade Center, to remember Americans killed on 9/11 and to 
honor the first responders who gave their lives. Nineteen men, 
that all took--that is all it took to take the lives of nearly 
3,000 Americans. Yet our Border Patrol has stopped 384 
suspected terrorists trying to get in. How many more of them 
are in the 2 million gotaways? Known gotaways, not even the 
ones that walked across while chief of the border sector said 
there was nobody there watching.
    Last, let me just point out how intentional this plan is. 
Its expansion of the CBP One app funneled hundreds of thousands 
of inadmissible aliens to ports of entry and then into the 
interior of this country. This is a major end-around to our 
lawful immigration system. As NBC News recently reported, even 
individuals with terrorist connections have been allowed in 
through this program. Well, we know who those are. Some of 
them, anyway.
    Additionally, massive fraud was discovered in the Cuban, 
Haitian, Nicaragua, and Venezuelan mass parole program which 
allowed 30,000 inadmissible aliens into the country each month. 
Yet it is back up and running even after reports from the folks 
at DHS claim they knew it is against the law and after reports 
that the CHNV parolees have committed grave sexual crimes since 
arriving here.
    Simultaneously, this administration allows border wall 
materials to rust in the desert instead of choosing to build 
the wall we have already paid for. In short, the Biden 
administration, Biden-Harris administration is doing everything 
in its power to perpetuate this border crisis. Any claims to 
the contrary is misleading at its least.
    The truth is that even President Biden--even if President 
Biden shuts the border down tomorrow, it will not undo the 
damage this administration has caused over the last 3\1/2\ 
years. Rachel Morin's death can't be undone. Laken Riley can't 
be brought back. The heartbreak felt by those who have lost a 
loved one because of this border crisis cannot be fixed. How 
many times have we sat here and held hearings over the 
lawlessness of this administration and its refusal to obey the 
laws and secure our borders?
    We have passed legislation only to be ignored by Democrats. 
We have held Cabinet officials accountable. Again, ignored by 
Democrats. It was brought up today by one of my colleagues 
about this impeachment. I am sorry, if you have a Cabinet 
Secretary who just gets to do whatever they want and not follow 
the laws of Congress, why do we have a Congress in the first 
place? But I guess Congress shouldn't feel--don't feel 
offended, right? Because the President was told by the Supreme 
Court he can't pay off student loans. He said, I don't care. I 
am going to do it anyway. I guess we don't need a Supreme Court 
either. We should just have a king.
    It doesn't have to be like this. It cannot continue to be 
like this. I am going to fight as long as I have the strength 
to ensure that we return to some form of law and order and 
sanity on this issue. There has to be change. Something has got 
to give. We need to secure our border and we need to do it now.
    I thank the witnesses for their valuable testimony and the 
Members for their questions on both sides. The Members of the 
subcommittee may have some additional questions for the 
witnesses. We would like to ask the witnesses to respond to 
those in writing. Pursuant to committee rule VII(D), the 
hearing record will be held open for 10 days for those.
    Without objection, this committee stands adjourned.
    [Whereupon, at 1:05 p.m., the committee was adjourned.]



                            A P P E N D I X

                              ----------                              

            Supplemental Prepared Statement of Aaron Heitke
                           September 18, 2024
    The only true consequence we have to slow down and discourage 
people from coming to the United States illegally is sending them back 
to their country of origin. Sending them all the way back to their 
country of origin not only brings them back to their country of 
citizenship but places an enormous financial, physical, and mental 
impact on them. They will have to start all over again. That impact 
does deter people from trying again and deters those that are thinking 
about making the trip. As we have seen over the past 3+ years, 
releasing people into the United States regardless of what status they 
are released on, has the opposite effect. It encourages people to come 
and there is no end to the number of people who want to come here.
    Throughout the first 3+ years of this admin, I saw a steady 
decrease in countries we could send people back to. As I am sure most 
of you know, we cannot simply fill a plane up with citizens from X 
country and send them back. We must have an agreement with that 
country. This requires coordination with the State Department and the 
country involved. Whether purposeful or through neglect these 
agreements were allowed to lapse and few to no new agreements were 
made. Many different excuses were given for why the numbers of these 
agreements continued to decline but this was the first time in my 25 
years and 5 different administrations that I saw this large-scale lapse 
in our ability to return people to their country of origin.
    The inability to send people home meant that most people being 
arrested at the border for illegal entry would either have to be 
detained or released. The current administration has, from Day 1, made 
a point of decreasing the amount of Federal detention space available 
nationwide. Immigration and Customs Enforcement's funding for detention 
space has steadily been cut. Regardless of the reasons for the cuts in 
detention space, these losses meant that more people would have to be 
released into the United States. This administration also cut private 
detention centers that held Federal prisoners. This not only impacted 
Customs and Border Protection, but it also impacted every Federal law 
enforcement agency. Throughout my time in San Diego, I had regular 
meetings with the U.S. Attorney along with the heads of all the Federal 
law enforcement agencies. Our main topic of discussion was jail space. 
Cases would not be taken for prosecution because we could not hold the 
suspects and/or witnesses for hearings. Again, this wasn't just 
immigration cases. It had a dramatic impact on narcotics smuggling 
cases. Individuals smuggling substantial amounts of methamphetamine and 
even fentanyl were cited and released for lack of jail space.
    Information travels faster in our world now than ever before. The 
fact that so many illegal aliens were being released into the United 
States spread world-wide very quickly. As this happened the numbers the 
Border Patrol encountered illegally crossing the border increased 
exponentially. It started in Texas and spread across the entire 
Southern Border and to some extent to the Northern Border.
    With the policies put in place by this administration along with 
the systematic decrease in detention and the ability to return illegal 
aliens to their countries of origin, Border Patrol Sectors across the 
Nation were overwhelmed. To add to this problem this administration, 
along with the Border Patrol leadership, made a colossal mistake. 
Sectors were ordered to take in and process all the illegal aliens 
encountered on the border. Since there was no detention available, 
makeshift tents or soft-sided facilities were set up across the border 
to temporarily house the masses coming in. Border Patrol saw groups of 
hundreds and thousands coming into the United States and turning 
themselves in since they knew they would be released. These numbers 
pulled 80-90 percent, sometimes 100 percent of the agents on duty away 
from the field. All they had time to do was transport people from the 
border, care and feed them in detention, process them for release and 
finally release them. This went on for years and is still happening 
today.
    The major problem with this is that there is no one at the border 
trying to arrest those people who really do not want to be caught. 
Obviously, the narcotic smugglers, terrorists, cartel affiliates and 
other people with serious criminal histories do not turn themselves in. 
They know that if arrested they will go to prison. However, because 
most agents were now otherwise occupied, these criminals had free 
passage into the United States. Nationwide Border Patrol zones across 
Texas, Arizona, and California had no agent presence. Those who did not 
want to be caught could simply walk in. We have no idea who and what 
entered our country over this time. We did our best to count gotaways 
nationwide, but this is little more than an educated guess. I was 
ordered to send agents from California to Texas and Arizona to help 
count gotaways. Those sectors simply had no one to even go to the field 
and try and figure out what they missed. This occurred throughout 2022 
and 2023.
    To make things even worse, this administration ordered the Border 
Patrol to stop using force of any kind to keep aliens from entering the 
United States. This was the first time in Border Patrol history that 
force could not be used on the border to keep people out. This meant 
that agents had to stand aside and watch as thousands of people 
illegally crossed the border. The administration knew that once the 
aliens were in the United States they would have to be taken into 
custody. This blew open the already overflowing border.
    Another significant impact of having all the Border Patrol Agents 
transporting and providing care and feeding to the masses of illegal 
aliens is that secondary operations are not possible. One example of 
this is DNA testing. The Border Patrol has a court order requiring DNA 
testing among those arrested. Because of the mass amounts of people, no 
resources and Headquarters leadership being more concerned with media 
reports and idle complaints, DNA testing has not been accomplished and 
still is not today. There simply is not time, space, or money to do it. 
I sent requests for additional support and relayed that under the 
circumstances we could not test. My requests were ignored. DNA testing 
was not performed throughout 2022 and 2023, not because we did not want 
to but because we were not provided the necessary resources to 
accomplish it. The masses of aliens and lack of resources also 
prevented agents from being able to properly talk to people in custody 
to find out if trafficking was occurring or if they had suffered abuse 
along their journey. We were pushed to move them as fast as possible 
for release, which prevented agents from being able to find other 
problems and provide help to those suffering.
    While all of this was happening in San Diego we had an exponential 
increase in Significant Interest Aliens. This trend continues to this 
day. These people have potential ties to terrorism or other forms of 
organized crime or espionage. Prior to this administration, the San 
Diego sector averaged 10-15 SIAs per year. Once word was out that the 
border was far easier to cross, San Diego went to just over 100 SIAs in 
2022 and way over 100 SIAs in 2023 and more than that this year. These 
are only the ones we caught. The SIA's arrested in San Diego were 
significant people in the criminal world. They were not recruiters or 
fundraisers for terrorism, they were actual operators with histories of 
doing bad things and extensive ties to very dangerous people and 
organizations. These people were from Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, 
Turkey, Afghanistan, China, and Russia just to name a few.
    At this time, I was told I could not release any information on 
this increase in SIA's or mention any of the arrests. At the time, the 
administration was trying to convince the public that there was no 
threat at the border. To further this problem, although we continued to 
ask for help in questioning and looking more into why these people were 
coming, we received no help. As of today, this trend continues and as 
of today no help has been sent. No additional assets from the CIA, FBI, 
or any other agency. Again, this administration and current Border 
Patrol leadership would rather ignore the problem and keep it from the 
public rather than admit their mistakes.
    Many people think this is only a Border Patrol problem, that the 
other law enforcement agencies in these areas, whether local, State, or 
Federal, can pick up the slack. What they do not realize is that the 
Border Patrol provides detailed agents to task force operations across 
the country. This includes State and Federal gang task forces, DEA drug 
task forces, FBI safe streets and terrorism task forces, just to name a 
few. During my time in San Diego, I had to recall all the detailed 
agents. We were overwhelmed with sheer numbers and needed everyone we 
had. This impacted all of our partners' ability to perform their 
missions successfully. To add to this, the extra immigration traffic 
took up more of the limited detention space which meant other Federal 
agencies couldn't prosecute as many cases. Finally, the sheer numbers 
of people moving through the border area in San Diego and being 
released in San Diego itself brought with it more calls for service for 
the State and local agencies, taxing their ability to perform their 
mission.
    During my last year in San Diego, the prices of methamphetamine and 
fentanyl on the street decreased drastically. A single fentanyl pill, 
for example, went from $10 to 25 cents. This meant that the market was 
completely saturated with drugs. With most agents out of the field and 
the border being open in many areas the amount of narcotics entering 
the country skyrocketed. During my time in San Diego, I hosted United 
States Attorneys, Sheriffs, Chiefs of Police, and countless others who 
came to our area to see where the narcotics coming into their regions 
were crossing the border. San Diego has been the main crossing point 
for hard narcotics coming into the United States for many years; 
however, with few to no agents able to work the field, the amounts 
crossing skyrocketed and leaders across the West and Midwest noticed 
the difference. The San Diego area, between OFO and BP, seize between 
80-90 percent of the methamphetamine and fentanyl annually in the 
United States.
    The large numbers of aliens at the border are not only an impact to 
Border Patrol. The Office of Field Operations was inundated at San 
Ysidro and was forced to limit their inspections of both people and 
cargo while they dealt and continued to deal with the influx. OFO also 
provided support to us with help processing and holding extra people 
again limiting the amount of inspections they could do and further 
increasing the amounts of narcotics entering the country.
    To make matters worse, during 2022 and 2023 I had to shut the San 
Diego traffic checkpoints down because of lack of resources. I needed 
every agent to handle care and feeding. These checkpoints are the only 
second layer of defense to detect what is missed at the border.
    Those moving narcotics took advantage of the lack of security which 
was shown by the substantial increase in the size of the narcotic 
loads. When the smugglers feel they may lose loads they run smaller 
amounts to alleviate the risk. When they are confident, they run 
copious amounts. In San Diego and San Ysidro, we started seeing 
multiple thousand-pound loads of methamphetamine and multiple 100-
pound+ loads of fentanyl. The smugglers have become confident because 
the enforcement is otherwise occupied.
    The large numbers also had and still have a negative impact on the 
San Diego community. When we were arresting thousands of illegal aliens 
a day I had to release them by the hundreds each day into San Diego. 
When I was releasing thousands of people into San Diego the local 
community could not handle the volume. I received calls from the 
Governor's office, local mayors, and law enforcement leaders as well as 
the heads of local charities that were trying to find accommodations 
for all these people. They all asked that I stop releasing people into 
the community. I told them I could not.
    Once a person is processed and determined to be a release it is a 
4th Amendment violation to keep them in detention. Also, because of 
appropriations law, I could not spend any Government funds to house, 
transport, or feed them once they were set for release. I then received 
calls from my headquarters telling me to stop releasing into the city. 
Again, I told them I could not for the same reasons and told them if 
they wanted to order me not to, I needed it in writing. That order 
never came. I was then told to process the aliens to 99 percent just 
leave 1 signature off so the aliens were not completely set for 
release, and we could still hold them. Again, I told them if this was 
an order, I needed it in writing. Again, that order never came as it 
would have been illegal. Since they could not make me stop releasing 
people into San Diego they started 2 flights a week from San Diego to 
Texas. These flights simply brought aliens that would have been 
released in San Diego over to Texas where they were released. Each 
flight cost approximately $150,000. When I questioned the waste of time 
and money I was told because there is a problem in Texas but there is 
not a problem in California. It was the administration's way of trying 
to quiet the border-wide crisis.
    Once the large numbers started to impact Texas, I started asking my 
headquarters why we could not identify each individual as a threat or 
not and then simply move on. As Border Patrol we have no obligation to 
process each alien encountered. The job of a Border Patrol agent is to 
identify and stop threats. If we wanted to keep doing that, we had to 
alleviate the time spent with the masses. I suggested that we easily 
could, and we would still be well within policy and law. Those aliens 
not deemed a threat would move onto ICE and Citizen and Immigration 
Services who are responsible for this portion of the process. This is 
where the Border Patrol made a huge mistake. It was decided that Border 
Patrol could handle the processing and maintain operations. The 
attitude was if not us who? I continued to press the issue as the 
numbers came across the entire border and San Diego in particular. I 
was told that if the aliens were not processed, they could not travel 
or apply for benefits. This pressure came down from the administration. 
Finally, as I pressed the issue with my headquarters, I was told that I 
could easily be replaced. My headquarters simply did not want to hear 
any alternative idea and preferred to claim they had things under 
control. Once the numbers of aliens being released in San Diego became 
more than the area could deal with the State of California and the 
Federal Government rented hotels in San Diego to house the people. One 
hotel was set up to be the intake center. At this point aliens being 
released were given rooms, money, cell phones, and put in contact with 
charitable organizations to help them. Those working the hotel refer to 
it as the ``migrant experience.'' A one-stop shop for everything the 
aliens could need. All at taxpayer expense.
    The need for the aliens to be given some kind of United States 
paperwork to help them receive assistance was so great that State and 
local agencies called me to ask if they could bring illegal aliens into 
our stations so they could be processed and given their ``travel 
document.'' This obviously violated SB54 but that was brushed under the 
rug because the people asking to bring in the aliens were the ones 
supporting the law.
    The financial cost for health care of all these illegal aliens was 
so high I received calls from State and local political offices and 
hospital administrators asking if they could bring patients into our 
stations so they could turn themselves in and be in our custody so the 
Federal Government would pay the bills. We were also asked to keep 
those people we brought to the hospital for medical treatment in our 
custody again so the Government would pay the bill.
    Through pressure from the administration my headquarters became 
more interested in the fiction being portrayed in the media and not at 
all concerned with reality. At times in San Diego, we had 2,000 or more 
aliens sitting in between the fences asking to turn themselves in. We 
were running every vehicle we had and every agent available to 
transport and process. Yet I received calls from my HQ saying that no 
alien should have to sit in the desert for more than 2 hours. This was 
not based in reality, as every available resource was being used, but 
my headquarters wanted to stem the news reports to make it look better, 
not actually make anything better. Knowing they were actually making 
things worse for all the agents in San Diego, they pushed to simply 
move people and completely disregard the border security operations. 
This also extended to our checkpoints. As I mentioned earlier, I had 
the checkpoints shut down in 2022 and 2023. As narcotics became more of 
a focus in the media and in California I was told to open our 
checkpoints. The narcotics flooding the West, and the country was in 
great part due to the overwhelming numbers of aliens at the border. I 
told them no, either we continue to transport and process the vast 
numbers of aliens and keep the checkpoints closed or I pull agents, 
open the checkpoints, and have thousands of aliens sitting in the 
desert and dying in the desert because agents were not there triaging 
the scene. However, to save face with the administration, my 
headquarters went around me and spoke to my station leadership. They 
asked my station leadership; do you have agents at the checkpoints? 
This answer was yes since we were using the checkpoints as processing 
and holding centers. Headquarters then passed word up the chain to CBP, 
DHS, and the administration that the checkpoints were open. This gave 
them the ability to make it look like they had fixed the problem to 
their bosses when in fact it was a complete fallacy.
    Border Patrol agents went above and beyond through all this chaos. 
They are also the ones continually forgotten, put out and neglected by 
the media, this administration, and Border Patrol leadership in 
Washington DC. These agents deal with death, women and children that 
have been raped, abused, trafficked, bought, and sold, families that 
have spent months in terrible conditions traveling here, sickness, 
despair and the agents are given no relief. The opposite has been the 
case. The media villainizes them; their own leadership pushes more 
overtime and guilts them into not taking vacation for the benefit of 
the leadership, not the agency, the country, the aliens, or the agents 
themselves. If you look at the numbers of suicides within the Border 
Patrol it is directly correlated with the migrant surge. The agents 
have been pushed beyond their limit and this has impacted their mental 
health. The Border Patrol attitude of if not us who is a fallacy pushed 
by a few Border Patrol leaders for their own benefit and the detriment 
of the agents.
    Each time we asked for help in dealing with a new issue it was 
ignored. When we did not have enough vehicles to transport aliens out 
of the field, we received nothing. When we did not have enough agents 
to process and patrol the border, we were required to send detailed 
agents to Texas to count gotaways. When the NGO's complained that 
aliens were sitting in the desert too long, rather than send buses 
Border Patrol leadership and the administration formed oversight 
committees and hired hundreds of extra contractors to come down to San 
Diego and look at how they might improve the situation. Simply 
providing vehicles and allowing us to keep our agents would have helped 
but instead they spent millions of dollars on committees which simply 
came down and suggested nothing, made things more difficult and 
overall, more costly and less efficient.
    When Border Patrol leadership refused to take responsibility for 
their mistake in taking on the complete care and feeding of the masses, 
they decided to put up more tents across the country to house the 
people. Hundreds of millions of dollars have been wasted on these 
facilities and they have done no good, on the contrary they have only 
caused more problems. I fought against these facilities from the 
beginning and pushed especially hard against them in San Diego. 
Eventually I was overruled, and San Diego received a large tent at the 
cost of over $1 million per month. This facility is still in use today. 
Each one of these facilities is a gross waste of taxpayer money; they 
are unnecessary and make things more difficult for the agents in the 
field.
    First, the Border Patrol is not responsible for the care and 
feeding or even the processing of these aliens. That burden was taken 
on voluntarily by Border Patrol leadership. There are many other 
agencies, both government and private, that specialize in handling mass 
movements of people particularly in cases of disasters. The Red Cross 
and FEMA are just two examples. However, Border Patrol leadership took 
on this task to try and win favor with the administration, to the 
detriment of the agents and the country as a whole.
    Second, the cost. These facilities are sold as being full wrap, 
meaning they come with staff to run them. This could not be further 
from the truth. The facilities have staff to run them, keep the lights 
on and the air conditioning working but little more. The staff are not 
allowed to interact at all with aliens, help with security or any other 
movement or care and feeding of the aliens. This means the taxpayer is 
spending a million dollars a month on a nice tent completely staffed by 
Border Patrol agents. The companies running these tents are making 
millions and providing little. I strongly suggest you look at who owns 
and runs these companies. They are mostly former DHS employees, from 
top to bottom. It is disgraceful to see those who once worked to secure 
our country using their former positions to make millions at the 
taxpayer expense especially when they are providing little to nothing 
to fix the problem. The hundreds of millions of dollars wasted on these 
tents could have been used for countless other more effective measures 
that would have helped solve the issue rather than pad the bank 
accounts of former DHS employees.
    This administration has not only neglected and vilified Border 
Patrol agents, but they have actively worked against them as well as 
the rest of law enforcement within the Federal system. As an example, I 
mention the former CBP Commissioner Chris Magnus. I hold no grudge 
against him in any way, as a person or a former commissioner of CBP. He 
was given a mission by this administration when he was hired, and he 
worked hard to complete it. My problem is what that mission was. Chris 
Magnus is and was an activist working to adversely change how law 
enforcement does their job. His goal was to remove the use of force 
from law enforcement.
    As part of completing this mission, CBP's Office of Personnel 
Responsibility was weaponized against the law enforcement employees 
within CBP. We were continually warned in meetings, OPR is looking into 
personal social media accounts, employee backgrounds to find anything 
they could to discredit the employees to make examples of them. Changes 
were made to the use of force review board. Instead of having 2 LE and 
1 civilian member on the review board it was changed to 1 law 
enforcement and 2 civilians. Use of force in the field can only truly 
be judged by someone who has walked in those shoes. Someone who sits 
behind a computer cannot understand or judge what level of force was 
reasonable. Civilian employees are not familiar with the training or 
policies of their law enforcement counterparts and aside from personal 
experience, have no background in the actual rules. This change was 
done to discipline more agents for using force and pressure the rest 
within CBP not to use force.
    Although from the outside looking in, this seems like a reasonable 
method, as is often the case, the reality of it is quite different. 
What this caused, and continues to cause to this day, is agents second-
guessing themselves in the field. Use of force incidents happen without 
warning. The agent must decide in a millisecond. If they second-guess 
themselves, they get hurt or killed. Having those unfamiliar with what 
happens every day in the field take weeks to second-guess what an agent 
had to decide in a millisecond is ridiculous. Unfortunately, it did 
work.
    I saw the impact daily in San Diego. Agents hesitated to use force 
and were hurt; other agents were hurt, and aliens and civilians were 
hurt. A specific example of the former commissioner trying to make 
examples of agents to discourage use of force involved an individual 
case I was responsible for in San Diego. As chief of the San Diego 
sector, I was the deciding official for all termination cases involving 
San Diego-sector employees. I was scheduled to hear a termination case 
which involved a deadly shooting by an agent. As was my normal 
practice, I reviewed the entire file for the case and was to hear the 
oral reply. Two days before hearing the case I received a call from 
then-Chief Ortiz telling me that the commissioner was pulling this case 
back to CBP for a decision. The following Monday I started asking 
questions. I relayed questions to OPR, Office of Inspector General, 
Counsel, and LER. I asked first if this was allowed. The answer was 
yes. I then pressed hard for a why. I was told by multiple people that 
the commissioner wanted to pull high-profile media cases back to CBP 
and have them decided by a non-law enforcement decision maker so 
examples could be made. I pushed as hard as I could from my position to 
no avail. I can say that in retirement I testified on behalf of this 
agent in a lawsuit brought against the Government and am happy to say 
the agent has been reinstated.
    Another significant impact of the former commissioner's attempt to 
change law enforcement was that I, as chief, spent a substantial 
percentage of my time protecting my agents from our Government. The 
desire to look good in the media and otherwise chill the actions of 
agents was the priority of the commissioner and Border Patrol 
leadership followed suit. This meant that I dealt with constant 
questions from Border Patrol leadership on why agents had done certain 
things. Border Patrol leadership was more concerned with looking good 
to the commissioner and the media than supporting the agents.
    The San Diego sector is also unique among Southern Border sectors 
because it lies in California. As I stated earlier, when I repeatedly 
asked for help from my headquarters, I received none. Unlike other 
sectors, those in Texas for example, because of State Bill 54, State 
and local law enforcement are prevented from helping or dealing with us 
in any way. Because of this the BP, OFO, and ICE were left without any 
additional support from State entities.
    The current numbers of people crossing our border are low in 
comparison to recent months and years. There is a reason for this. 
After 4 years this administration finally started to ask Mexico for 
help in slowing down traffic through their country. This administration 
finally started to use foreign resources in the Darien Gap, Panama, 
Brazil, and Ecuador to slow and stop migrant traffic there. An 
Executive Order was given limiting some asylum claims. Each of these 
does make a difference but why has it taken so long to accomplish? All 
these tactics were being used before this administration took office, 
but each was stopped or limited once this administration came in. I am 
also concerned that these changes will not be maintained. I along with 
many other leaders within the Border Patrol asked for help for years, 
made suggestions on changes that would help but nothing was done. I 
personally briefed every representative, senator and staffer that came 
to San Diego on these issues. I continually passed on these requests to 
my HQ, CBP, and DHS. I know that information was here in Washington, 
but no help came. No changes came.
    During my time in the Border Patrol and San Diego sector 
specifically I met with leaders from around the world. They came to see 
how we were handling the border and what they could learn to better 
help them handle their own border. These leaders came from Poland, 
France, Great Britain, Spain, Germany, Hungary, and Israel just to name 
a few. In my discussions with them they all said the same thing. We are 
inundated with migrants, and we have no more space or resources to deal 
with them. The United States is quickly reaching the same level. At 
some point very soon world leaders are going to have to make tough 
decisions on how many people their countries can support and stick to 
them. The United States is no different. The world has more people than 
it can support. It is not nice or easy to do but at some point, each 
country will have to send people back to where they came from 
regardless of the consequences to them in order to protect their own 
people. The flow of people looking for a better life or fleeing 
political turmoil will never stop and will only get worse as the years 
pass.
    The problems we are facing at the border have solutions. These 
solutions can be quite simple and cost far less than the mess currently 
occupying so much time and money. Agreements must be made with the 
sending countries and returns must be accomplished quickly.

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